qarTuli mxedroba mefe Tamaris epoqaSi · 2010. 3. 29. · udides mefe daviTs, Tamars, giorgi brwyinvales, bagrat III-s, saqarTveloSi ... Tanamosaydred akurTxa erTaderTi kanonieri

FsaqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro

saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabi

J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo momzadebis

departamenti

ssip iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti

Teimuraz jojua

qarTuli mxedroba

mefe Tamaris epoqaSi

meomris biblioTeka #25

Tbilisi

2008

Tqvens winaSea axali seriis ,,meomris biblioTekis~ ocdamexuTe wigni; seria

iTvaliswinebs wignebis mTel wyebas, romlebSic popularulad iqneba gadmocemuli

saqarTvelosa da msoflio istoriis yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani movlenebi.

seriis mizania qarTveli meomris da imedia, ara marto misi, patriotuli

aRzrda da codnis miwodeba misaReb formebSi. seriaSi gaTvaliswinebulia

popularuli, magram maRal profesionalur doneze dawerili saxelmZRvaneloebi; es

patara, magram tevadi da kargad gaformebuli broSurebi mieZRvneba qarTvelTa

udides mefe daviTs, Tamars, giorgi brwyinvales, bagrat III-s, saqarTveloSi

warmoebul mTavar da gadamwyvet brZolebs, XIX_XX ss-is gamoCenil qarTvel

oficrebs, saqarTvelosa da msoflio samxedro istoriis calkeul sakiTxebsa da

a.S.

seriis gamocemis iniciatorebi arian iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis

instituti da saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro.

didi survili da imedi gvaqvs, rom meomarTa da oficerTa garda, saqarTvelos

yoveli moqalaqe siamovnebiT miiRebs am seriis yovel axal wigns.

seriis garekanze moTavsebuli warwera da didi daviTi yvelas Seaxsenebs, rom

brZola saqarTvelosTvis dResac grZeldeba.

vaJa kiknaZe

seriis saredaqcio kolegia: istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori vaJa kiknaZe

istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori Tamaz beraZe

recenzenti: istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori vaJa kiknaZe

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: leila xurcia

ydis dizaini: giorgi kiknaZe

redaqtori: nargiz xarabaZe

teqnikuri redaqtori: mari WoniSvili

damtkicebuli da samoqmedod SemoRebulia saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

gaerTianebuli Stabis J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo

departamentis ufrosis _ polkovnik nodar qviliTaias mier

saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabis

topografiuli sammarTvelos stamba. 2008 w.

q. Tbilisi, general kvinitaZis q. #20

tel.: +995 32 91-19-83

faqsi: +995 32 91-19-83

2

1179 wels saqarTvelos mefem, Tavisi drois erT-erTma udidesma

sardalma, giorgi III-m naWarmagevis sasaxleSi* samefo taxtze aiyvana da

Tanamosaydred akurTxa erTaderTi kanonieri asuli _ Tamari. es iyo

pirveli SemTxveva qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis istoriaSi, roca

umaRlesi monarqiuli tituli qals xvda wilad.

Tamaris gamefebas qarTuli samxedro aristokratia didi sixaruliT

Sexvda. gamocdilma da mravalomgamovlilma mxedrebma wesisamebr Tayvani

sces samefo taxtze dabrZanebul Tamars.

aqedan moyolebuli, xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi giorgi III da Tamari

erTad marTavdnen saqarTvelos samefos, romelic im droisaTvis

maxlobeli aRmosavleTis erT-erT uZlieres saxelmwifos warmoadgenda.

am droisaTvis saqarTvelos sazRvrebi nikofsiidan* TeTrwylamde* da

kavkasionis qedidan sevanis tbamde, uzarmazar sivrceze iyo gadaWimuli.

giorgi III-isa da misi saxelovani winaprebis _ daviT IV aRmaSeneblisa

da demetre I-is udidesi ZalisxmeviT Seqmnili vrceli kavkasiuri

saxelmwifo moicavda rogorc mTeli istoriuli saqarTvelos

teritorias, ise _ Zveli somxeTisa da Zveli albaneTis* mniSvnelovan

nawils.

1170-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi Sedioda Semdegi

istoriuli provinciebi: afxazeTi*, cxumi*, odiSi, svaneTi, raWa, Takveri

(leCxumi), samoqalaqo (qvemo imereTi), argveTi (zemo imereTi), guria,

aWara, tao, klarjeTi, SavSeTi, samcxe, eruSeTi, artaani, kola,

palakacio*, javaxeTi, Tori (borjomis xeoba), TrialeTi, qarTli,

dvaleTi, cxrazma (qsnis xeobis zemo weli), xevi, xada, cxavati,

WarTali, fxovi (fSav-xevsureTi), erwo-TianeTi, TuSeTi, didoeTi,

kaxeTi, hereTi, kambeCovani (qiziyi), Saqi*, yabala*, qvemo qarTli, gagi*,

lore*, kaeni*, kaiwoni* da sxva.

giorgi III 1184 wels gardaicvala da samefo xelisufleba mTlianad

Tamaris xelSi gadavida.

dasavleT saqarTvelos sami didi feodaluri gvaris: vardanisZeebis,

saRirisZeebisa da amanelisZeebis warmomadgenlebma, Tamars Zveli

tradiciis Sesabamisad, erT-erTi umTavresi samefo insignia (niSani) _

xmali miarTves, Tumca, vinaidan mefe qali iyo, maxvili welze ki ar

Semoartyes, aramed _ win daubrZanes mas.

Tamaris gamefebis Jams, qveynis umaRlesi saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebi

giorgi III-is Zvel da erTgul TanamebrZolebs eWiraT. maT Soris iyvnen

yubasari, romelic amirspasalarobasa* da mandaturTuxucesobas* flobda

da afridoni, romelsac msaxurTuxucesoba* epyra.

arc yubasari da arc afridoni qarTul aristokratiul wreebs ar

miekuTvnebodnen. piriqiT, yubasari gaqarTvelebuli yivCayi iyo, xolo

afridoni _ dabali socialuri fenidan gamosuli piri. maTi

3

dawinaurebis mizezi ara gvariSviloba, aramed piradi Tvisebebi da

giorgi III-is erTguleba gaxldaT.

1185 wels, anu praqtikulad, Tamaris gamefebisTanave, qarTvelma

didgvarovnebma, romelebic manamde giorgi III-is SiSiT eguebodnen

Seqmnil mdgomareobas, poziciebis ganmtkiceba scades.

didebulebma mefes yubasarisa da afridonis gadayeneba mosTxoves,

maT nacvlad ki aristokratiuli wridan gamosuli moxeleebis

dawinaureba SesTavazes.

axladaRsaydrebulma Tamarma didebulebs winaaRmdegoba ver gauwia

da maTi moTxovnebi daakmayofila.

yubasars, romelsac im droisaTvis, damblis dacemis gamo ena da

xel-fexi hqonda warTmeuli, amirspasalaroba da mandaturTuxucesoba

CamoarTves. TanamdebobasTan erTad, yubasars CamoarTves cixe-qalaqi

lorec, romelic, tradiciulad, saqarTvelos amirspasalarebis

rezidencias warmoadgenda.

amave dros, Tamarma didgvarovanTa moTxovnebis miuxedavad, bolomde

ar gaswira mamis erTguli moxele, mxolod Tanamdebobisa da lores

CamorTmeviT Semofargla, danarCeni qoneba da yma-mamuli xeluxleblad

dautova yubasars da gardacvalebamde udidesi pativiT epyroboda mas.

gacilebiT ufro mZime xvedri ergo afridons, romelmac qarTuli

mxedrobis kategoriuli moTxovnis gamo, erTbaSad dakarga aramxolod

msaxurTuxucesis Tanamdeboba da cixe-qalaqi Tmogvi*, aramed sxva

mravalricxovani cixe-qalaqebi da mTeli qonebac ki.

Tamari yofil msaxurTuxucess, yubasarisagan gansxvavebiT, verafriT

daexmara.

qarTvelma didebulebma pirveli warmateba izeimes da daTmoba mefis

sisusted CaTvales. rogorc Cans, aristokratiam qalis mefobas

daukavSira im imedebis ganxorcieleba, rasac giorgi III-is mefobam frTa

Sekveca.

sxva moTxonebmac ar daayovna. yubasarisa da afridonisaTvis

Tanamdebobebis CamorTmevisTanave saxifaTod gaaqtiurda qarTuli

aristokratiis erT-erTi dajgufebis lideri, meWurWleTuxucesi*

yuTlu-arslani, romelic TbilisSi, isnis velze, parlamentis msgavsi

saxelmwifo dawesebulebis daarsebis moTxovniT gamovida da Tamaris

samefo Zalauflebis SezRudva-gakontroleba gadawyvita.

amjerad, Tamaris mxridan daTmobaze wasvla SeuZlebeli iyo, es

samefo xelisuflebis aSkara marcxs moaswavebda.

amitom, man dauyovnebliv miiRo sapasuxo zomebi, gakadnierebuli

yuTlu-arslani, romelic yubasarisaTvis CamorTmeuli amirspasalaris

Tanamdebobis xelSi Cagdebas gegmavda, tyved Seipyro da

meWurWleTuxucesis Tanamdeboba CamoarTva.

4

yuTlu-arslanis Tanamoazreebi mefis moqmedebis gamo, didad

SeSfoTdnen da isnis samefo sasaxleze* gadawyvites ieriSis mitana.

qarTuli saxelmwifo Sida dapirispirebis safrTxis winaSe dadga.

Tamarisa da yuTlu-arslanis momxreTa Soris sisxlisRvra, ra SedegiTac

ar unda dasrulebuliyo es brZola, qveyanas kargs arafers uqadda.

omis Tavidan acilebis mizniT Tamarma diplomatiis gzas mimarTa da

amboxebulebTan mosalaparakeblad ori didgvarovani qali gagzavna:

xuaSaq coqali, qarTlis erisTavis, rati suramelis deda da kravai

jayeli.

mefis wargzavnilTa da yuTlu-arslanis momxreTa molaparakeba

warmatebiT dasrulda, amboxebulebi Tamars eaxlnen, patieba iTxoves da

mis winaSe erTgulebis fici dades.

yuTlu-arslanis gamosvlis damarcxebis Semdeg Tamarma maRal

saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebze dauyovnebliv ganawesa misi erTguli

moxeleebi. eseni iyvnen:

Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesi* _ anton glonisTavisZe, gazrdili

giorgi III-isa.

amirspasalari _ sargis mxargrZeli, romelsac TanamdebobasTan

erTad, gadaeca cixe-qalaqi lore da misi mimdgomi teritoria.

mandaturTuxucesi _ Wiaberi.

meWurWleTuxucesi _ kaxaber vardanisZe.

msaxurTuxucesi _ vardan dadiani.

CuxCarxi* _ maruSiani, romlis mamac, agreTve, CuxCarxi iyo.

amilaxori* _ gamrekel Toreli.

svanTa erisTavi* _ baram vardanisZe.

raWisa da Takveris erisTavi _ kaxaber kaxaberisZe.

cxumis erisTavi _ oTaRo SarvaSisZe.

argveTis erisTavi _ amanelisZe.

odiSis erisTavi _ bediani.

qarTlis erisTavi _ rati surameli.

kaxeTis erisTavi _ bakuryma ZaganisZe.

hereTis erisTavi _ asaT grigolisZe.

samcxis erisTavi da spasalari _ boco jayeli.

samwuxarod, CvenTvis ucnobia Tamaris mier dadgenil sxva moxeleTa

vinaoba. samagierod, viciT, rom swored zemoT CamoTvlili saxelmwifo

moxeleebi da erisTavebi Seadgendnen im samxedro elitas, visi

xelmZRvanelobiTac awarmoebda saqarTvelo mravalricxovan sabrZolo

moqmedebebs Tamaris mefobis pirvel periodSi.

samoxeleo aparatis srulad dakompleqtebis Semdeg qarTulma saero

da sasuliero xelisuflebam dRis wesrigSi dasva Tamaris gaTxovebisa

da mis Tanamecxedred iseTi piris SerCevis sakiTxi, romelic SeZlebda,

5

giorgi III-is msgavsad, mTavarsardloba gaewia saqarTvelos samxedro

ZalebisaTvis.

Tamaris SesaZlo TanamecxedresTan dakavSirebiT, didebulTa azri

imTaviTve orad gaiyo.

erTni upiratesobas bizantiis saimperatoro gvaris warmomadgenels,

imxanad saqarTveloSi myof aleqsi komnenoss aZlevdnen, xolo meoreni

Tbilisis amiras,* abulasan iobisZis mier SemoTavazebuli

kandidaturisaken ixrebodnen. es ukanaskneli qarTul aristokratias

novgorodis yofil mTavars, giorgi bogolubskis sTavazobda, romelic

imxanad devnilobaSi iyo da yivCaRTa mefes afarebda Tavs.

sabolood, qarTvelma didebulebma upiratesoba giorgi bogolubskis

kandidaturas misces da misi saqarTveloSi Camoyvana Tbilisel

didvaWars zanqan zorababels daavales. male giorgi saqarTveloSi

Camovida.

aq rusi mTavari piradad gaicnes da didad moiwones Tamaris mamidam,

dedofalma rusudanma, qarTlis kaTolikosma miqael mirianisZem,

umaRlesma samxedro moxeleebma, gansakuTrebiT, dasavleT saqarTvelodan

gamosulma didebulebma da sxva.

mas Semdeg, rac sasurveli kandidati moinaxa, qarTveli saero da

sasuliero pirebi Tamaris dayoliebas Seudgnen da male sawadelsac

miaRwies. amave, 1185 wels Tamarma giorgize iqorwina.

Sida politikuri mdgomareobis met-naklebad mowesrigebis Semdeg

saqarTvelos xelisuflebam mTeli yuradReba sagareo politikaze

gadaitana.

samefo karis mTavar safiqrals qveynis samxreTi sazRvris gaswvriv

sokoebiviT momravlebuli Turquli politikuri gaerTianebebi

warmoadgenda, romlebic metad agresiul samxedro politikas atarebdnen

saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg da yvela xelsayrel SemTxvevaSi Tavs esxmodnen

calkeul sazRvrispira provinciebs.

Tamaris mefobis periodSi TurqTa erT-erTi pirveli aseTi Tavdasxma

palakacios teritoriaze moxda.

palakacioSi SemoWrili Turqebis laSqari sakmaod Soridan,

gelaqunidan* iyo mosuli da mtkvris xeobis zemo welis moTareSebas

isaxavda miznad.

marbieli Turqebis moZraoba qarTvelebma droulad SeniSnes. mtris

Sesaxvedrad daZrul qarTul sabrZolo SenaerTs saTaveSi amilaxori,

gamrekel Toreli Caudga.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Turqebi ricxobrivad bevrad aRematebodnen

qarTvelebs, gamrekelma sastikad daamarcxa mteri, gandevna isini qveynis

teritoriidan da TurqebisaTvis warTmeuli alafi, gamarjvebis niSnad,

Tbiliss, samefo karze gagzavna.

6

saqarTvelos samxedro xelisufleba, rogorc Cans, ar daakmayofila

gamrekel Torelis mier qveyanaSi SemoWrili mtris damarcxebam da axla

Tavad gadawyvita ieriSze gadasvla.

1185 wels laSqarma TbilisSi moiyara Tavi. mxedarTa Soris ufro

dasavleT saqarTvelodan mosuli meomrebi Warbobdnen. samxedro

operacias piradad giorgi bogolubski Caudga saTaveSi.

mefis pirveli laSqrobis keTilad gasrulebisaTvis, qarTvelebma Tan

waritanes saxelovani qarTveli mefeebis _ vaxtang gorgaslisa da daviT

IV aRmaSeneblis naqoni, mraval brZolaSi gamarjvebuli samefo droSa.

qarTvelebma SeteviTi operaciis placdarmad sagangebod SearCies

palakacios mxare anu TurqTa mier sul mcire xnis win darbeuli

provincia.

palakaciodan giorgi bogolubskim ieriSi Tavdapirvelad samxreTis

mimarTulebiT daiwyo da momijnave yarsis provinciaSi SeiWra. Turqebma

qarTvelebisaTvis veranairi winaaRmdegobis gaweva ver SeZles.

yarsis raionis moTareSebis Semdeg qarTvelebma Setevis mimarTuleba

Secvales, samxreT-dasavleTisaken aiRes gezi da TurqTa kontrolis qveS

myof kidev erT somxur provinciaSi _ karniforSi* SeiWrnen. Turqebma

verc aq moaxerxes qarTvelTa ieriSis SeCereba.

giorgi bogolubskim daubrkoleblad moarbia mTeli karnifori,

TareSiT miaRwia gacilebiT ufro samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebare

provinciis _ basianis* sazRvars da aqedan ukan, saqarTveloSi dabrunda.

alafiT datvirTuli qarTuli mxedroba Tbiliss Cavida da

gamarjvebuli warudga Tamars.

sxvaTa Soris, gamarjvebuli laSqris maincadamainc Tbiliss Casvlas

Tavis konkretuli mizezi hqonda.

saqme isaa, rom Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi miRebuli wesis

Tanaxmad, samxedro SenaerTebis mier laSqrobaSi mopovebuli alafis

erTi mexuTedi mefis sakuTreba iyo da Sin dabrunebis Semdeg

aucileblad unda eaxlebinaT misTvis.

amitomac iyo, rom laSqrobidan dabrunebuli qarTuli mxedroba,

rogorc wesi, jer Tbiliss Cadioda da alafis kuTvnil mexuTedsac

piradad gadascemda mefes.

qarTvelebis mier yarssa da karniforSi mowyobili samxedro

operaciis sapasuxod, Turqebma axali didi laSqrobisaTvis daiwyes

mzadeba. saqarTveloze Tavdasxmis organizebis saqmes saTaveSi Caudga

erT-erTi msxvili Turquli politikuri gaerTianeba _ karnuqalaqis

saamiro*, romelsac Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan basianis provincia

esazRvreboda.

karnuqalaqeli Turqebi kargad xedavdnen, rom qarTvelTa momdevno

laSqrobis obieqti ukve ara yarsi da karnifori, aramed basiani da

7

karnuqalaqi iqneboda, amitomac mowinaaRmdegisaTvis daswreba da

saqarTveloze Seteva gadawyvites.

karnuqalaqelTa mier wamowyebul saomar samzadisSi aqtiurad iyvnen

CarTuli siriidan da maxlobeli aRmosavleTis sxva regionebidan

mosuli Turqebic.

Turqebma samxedro operacia 1185 wels daiwyes. Tavdapirvelad maT

Seteva elviseburad ganaviTares, sazRvrispira qarTuli provinciebi

swrafi marSiT gaiares da sul mokle xanSi samxreT-dasavleT

saqarTvelos siRrmeSi, klarjeTsa da SavSeTSi aRmoCndnen.

ioli warmatebiT gaxarebulma Turqebma dakavebuli teritoriis

saZarcvavad marbielTa mravalricxovani razmebi sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT

dagzavnes da amiT sakuTari samxedro Zalebi windauxedavad daqsaqses.

TurqTa mier daSvebuli Secdoma kargad SeniSnes qarTvelebma da

gadawyvites, pirdapir mowinaaRmdegis ZiriTad birTvze mietanaT ieriSi.

qarTvelTa mxridan samxedro operacias meTaurobdnen guzan

taoskareli da samcxis erisTavi, boco jayeli. maT daqvemdebarebaSi iyo,

ZiriTadad, taosa da samcxis laSqari.

qarTvelebma dartyma pirdapir TurqTa ZiriTadi birTvis

mimarTulebiT ganaxorcieles, romlis brZolisunarianobac, marbieli

razmebis Camocilebis gamo, Zalze daqveiTebuli iyo. Turqulma

SenaerTebma Setevas ver gauZles da damarcxdnen.

qarTvelebma brZolis velidan gaqceuli Turqebis erTi nawili

daxoces, maTi umravlesoba ki _ tyved Caigdes.

am warmatebuli samxedro operaciis aRsaniSnavad, mravalricxovani

tyve Turqebi, rogorc qveiTebi, ise cxenosnebi, Tbiliss, samefo karze

gagzavnes.

momdevno, 1186-1187 wlebSi qarTvelebma Turqebs qveynis samxreTi

provinciebidanac Seuties.

sabrZolo moqmedebebis am mimarTulebas amirspasalar sargis

mxargrZelis vaJebi _ zaqaria da ivane, agreTve, sargisis Zmis, varam

mxargrZelis vaJebi _ zaqaria da sargisi xelmZRvanelobdnen.

mxargrZelTa pirveli marbieli laSqrobis mizani iyo TurqTa mier

dapyrobili Zveli somxuri qalaqis, dvinis* mimdebare teritoriis

moTareSeba da am regionSi TurqTa kontrolis Sesusteba.

Setevis placdarmad, savaraudod, SerCeuli iyo mxargrZelTa

kuTvnili lores regioni.

mxargrZelebma samxedro operacia 1186-1187 wlebSi ganxorcieles.

Tavdapirvelad maT daubrkoleblad moiTareSes dvinis midamoebi da ukan

gamobrundnen.

male alafiT datvirTul qarTvelTa laSqars qalaq dvinidan da

surmaris provinciidan mosuli samxedro SenaerTebi wamoewia.

8

Turqebi Setevaze gadavidnen. mxargrZelebma mowinaaRmdegis ieriSs

kontrSeteviT upasuxes. sisxlismRvreli brZola didxans gagrZelda da

sabolood qarTvelTa gamarjvebiT dasrulda.

qarTuli mxedroba Tbiliss Cavida da Tamars warudga.

mxargrZelTa warmatebam, qarTul samxedro aristokratias dvinis

winaaRmdeg kidev ufro masStaburi eqspediciis mowyobisaken ubiZga.

meore laSqrobisaTvis jari mTeli saqarTvelodan Sekribes.

mxedrobas saTaveSi giorgi bogolubski Caudga. laSqroba, 1186-1187

wlebSi, savaraudod, Tbilisidan daiwyo.

Turqebis mier kontrolirebad teritoriaze SeWrili qarTvelebi,

amjerad, mxolod dvinis midamoebis morbeviT aRar dakmayofildnen da

sakuTriv dvinzec miitanes ieriSi.

qalaqSi gamagrebuli Turqebi, rogorc Cans, ar elodnen qarTvelTa

Setevas da mowinaaRmdeges moumzadebelni Sexvdnen. giorgi bogolubskim

dvini aiRo da uzarmazari alafiT dabrunda saqarTveloSi.

gamarjvebuli laSqari Tbiliss dabrunda da Tamars eaxla.

dvinis aRebisa da gaZarcvis Semdeg, amave 1186-1187 wlebSi,

qarTvelebma kidev erTi laSqroba moawyves samxreTis mimarTulebiT.

amjerad, Setevis obieqti gelaqunis provincia iyo. am regionSi

damkvidrebuli mravalricxovani Turqmanuli tomebi sakmaod agresiul

politikas awarmoebdnen qarTuli sazRvrispira provinciebis mimarT.

swored gelaquneli Turqmanebis mier iyo organizebuli, mcire xniT

adre, palakacios raionze momxdari Tavdasxma, romelic warmatebiT

moigeria amilaxorma, gamrekel Torelma.

gelaqunis mimarTulebiT dawyebuli samxedro moqmedebebis

placdarmad, savaraudod, kaenis provincia unda yofiliyo SerCeuli.

qarTvelTa laSqarma ieriSi moulodnelad miitana gelaqunel

Turqmanebze, romlebic Tavisi mravalricxovnobis imedad iyvnen da ar

moelodnen, rom mowinaaRmdege maTze Tavdasxmas gabedavda. qarTvelebma

moulodnelobis efeqtiT isargebles, mravali Turqmani amowyvites, didi

alafi aiRes da ukan gamobrundnen.

Turqmanebma mokle xanSi moaxerxes mravalricxovani laSqris

Sekreba, qarTvelebs kvalSi Caudgnen da male daewivnen kidec.

TurqmanTa SenaerTebs ori sirieli didgvarovani _ rostomi da

ialRuz-alfesi meTaurobda.

mowinaaRmdegeebma samxedro danayofebi saomrad ganalages da

Setakebac daiwyo.

sastiki brZolis bedi qarTvelTa simamacem gadawyvita. maT

Tavganwiruli ieriSi miitanes mowinaaRmdegeze, brZolis velidan

gaaqcies Turqmanebi da xocviT mihyvnen ukan.

brZolis dros Tavi TiTqmis yvela qarTvelma molaSqrem gamoiCina.

gamarjvebuli qarTuli mxedroba Tbiliss Cavida da Tamars warudga.

9

amave 1186-1187 wlebSi, gelaqunis midamoebis moTareSebis Semdeg,

hereTis erisTavma, asaT grigolisZem axali, bevrad ufro masStaburi

laSqrobis idea wamoayena.

gegmis Tanaxmad, qarTuli sabrZolo SenaerTebi gacilebiT ufro

Rrmad unda SeWriliyvnen Turqebis mier kontrolirebad teritoriaze,

araqsis CrdiloeTiT mdebare Zveli somxuri provinciebi daerbiaT da iq

maqsimalurad SeesustebinaT TurqTa gavlena.

qveynis samxedro xelisuflebam gegma moiwona. laSqars mTeli

saqarTvelodan mouyares Tavi.

xangrZliv samxedro operacias saTaveSi piradad Caudga giorgi

bogolubski. laSqrobaSi monawileoba TiTqmis mTelma qarTulma

samxedro elitam miiRo. maT Soris iyvnen: samoqmedo gegmis avtori,

hereTis erisTavi asaT grigolisZe; msaxurTuxucesi vardan dadiani;

mxargrZelebi _ zaqaria da ivane sargisis Zeebi, zaqaria da sargis

varamis Zeebi da sxva.

laSqroba, savaraudod, hereTis saerisTavos administraciuli

centridan, qalaq giSidan* daiwyo.

qarTuli mxedroba, Tavdapirvelad, samxreTisaken daZra da mtkvarze

dadebuli saxelmwifo sazRvari sadRac, ranis* administraciul-

politikuri centris, qalaq ganZis* aRmosavleTiT gadalaxa.

am ostaturi manevris wyalobiT, qarTvelebma yovelgvari

danakargebis gareSe auares gverdi ganZaSi gamagrebul Turqul

SenaerTebs, romlebic qarTvelTa Semotevas Crdilo-dasavleTidan

elodebodnen.

mtkvris marjvena napirze gadasuli qarTvelebi mdinares qvemoT

dauyvnen, ranis provincia daubrkoleblad moiTareSes da qalaq

bailayanamde* miaRwies.

bailayanidan qarTulma mxedrobam samxedro operaciis mimarTuleba

mkveTrad Secvala, araqsis marcxena napirze gavida da mdinares zemoT,

araratis mTisaken auyva.

qarTvelebma gzad TurqTa kontrolis qveS myofi sivnieTisa da

naxiCevanis* Zveli somxuri provinciebi moarbies, araqsis marjvena

napirze gadavidnen da araratis mTis midamoebs miaRwies.

aq qarTvelebs ukan dadevnebuli Turqebis didi laSqari wamoewia.

sisxlismRvreli brZola qarTuli mxedrobis gamarjvebiT dasrulda.

brZolis dros Tavi gansakuTrebiT gamoiCines msaxurTuxucesma

vardan dadianma da mxargrZelebma.

araratis midamoebSi mopovebuli gamarjvebis Semdeg qarTvelebi ukan,

saqarTveloSi dabrundnen.

amasobaSi, dadga 1187 weli da saqarTvelos samefo karze didi

cvlilebebi moxda. Tamarma TanamecxedresTan ganqorwineba gadawyvita.

10

rogorc aRmoCnda, gvirgvinosani dedofali ori wlis ganmavlobaSi

morCilad itanda da saidumlod inaxavda giorgi bogolubskis mraval

uzneo saqciels, maT Soris, loTobasa da mamaTmavlobas.

qarTuli aristokratiis aRSfoTebas sazRvari ar hqonda. didebulTa

erTma nawilma giorgi bogolubskis sikvdiliT dasjac ki moiTxova,

Tumca Tamarma didsulovnad Seiwyala yofili Tanamecxedre, didi

simdidre misca da gemiT bizantiis dedaqalaqs, konstantinopols

gagzavna.

giorgi bogolubskis gandevnis Semdeg, dRis wesrigSi isev dadga

Tamaris qorwinebis sakiTxi, misi xelis mTxovneli ki uamravi

gvirgvinosani aRmoCnda.

Tbiliss pirvelad karnuqalaqeli ufliswuli mutafradini Cavida.

uzarmazari amaliTa da Zvirfasi saCuqrebiT Tamars eaxla, xeli sTxova

da qorwinebis sanacvlod mahmadianobis uaryofasac ki dahpirda.

Tamarma jerovani pativiT miiRo karnuqalaqeli ufliswuli, Tumca

meored qorwinebaze uari Tqva da mutafradins Tavisi naxevarda, giorgi

III-is ukanono asuli miaTxova.

mcire xnis Semdeg Tbiliss axla ukve Sirvanis* Sahi, aRsarTan I

ewvia. oficialuri versiis Tanaxmad, igi samefo karTan molaparakebis

mizniT imyofeboda saqarTveloSi, Tumca realurad, Tamaris xelis

saTxovnelad apirebda niadagis mosinjvas.

Sirvanis Sahma Zvirfasi saCuqrebi miarTva qarTlis kaTolikoss,

mahamdianobaze uaris Tqmas dahpirda da Tamarze qorwinebis saqmeSi

daxmarebis gaweva sTxova.

qarTlis kaTolikosis mxardaWeris miuxedavad, aRsarTan I-is

mcdeloba uSedegod dasrulda. Tamarma kvlav uari Tqva meored

qorwinebaze.

qarTveli aristokratia Zalzed SeaSfoTa mefis Seuvalma poziciam

da misgan lamis kategoriulad moiTxoves meored qorwineba. didebulebs

Tamaris Tanamecxedris saxiT, samxedro Zalebis axali mTavarsardlis

gamoCena da samefo taxtis memkvidris dabadeba surdaT.

didi xnis mcdelobis Semdeg didebulebma sawadels miaRwies da

giorgi III-is dis, dedofal rusudanis daxmarebiT, Tamari meore

qorwinebaze daiTanxmes.

Tamaris Tanamecxedred SearCies osi ufliswuli daviT soslani,

romelic saqarTveloSi, dedofal rusudanis karze izrdeboda da Tavisi

znekeTilobiT gamoirCeoda.

qorwili, romelsac uamravi stumari eswreboda, Tbilisis

gareubanSi, didubis samefo sasaxleSi, didi zar-zeimiT gadaixades.

Tamaris meore qorwinebidan garkveuli drois Semdeg, 1191 wels

bizantiaSi gandevnili giorgi bogolubski karnuqalaqs movida da aq

11

farulad Sexvda saqarTvelos meWurWleTuxucesis moadgiles anu

nacvals.

molaparakebis dros, am ukanasknelma mefe-yofils dasavleT

saqarTvelos aristokratiis saxeliT, Tamaris winaaRmdeg gamolaSqreba

da samefo taxtis dakaveba SesTavaza.

lixTimereli feodalebi, giorgi bogolubskis srul mxardaWerasa

da sxva didebulebis gadmobirebas hpirdebodnen, daxmarebis sanacvlod

ki, misgan ufro maRali saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebis miRebas elodebodnen.

faruli molaparakeba mxareebis SeTanxmebiT dasrulda.

1191 wels giorgi bogolubskim saqarTvelos sazRvari gadmolaxa da

taos teritoraze Sevida. guzan taoskarelma centralur xelisuflebas

uRalata da Tavisi samxedro SenaerTebiT giorgi bogolubskis mxares

gadavida.

mTeli samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelo amboxebulTa kontrolis qveS

aRmoCnda. mefe-yofili garkveuli droiT guzan taoskarelTan darCa da

Semdegi moqmedebebisaTvis Seudga mzadebas.

axali ambebis SetyobisTanave msaxurTuxucesi ivane dadiani, romelic

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, qveSis cixeSi* imyofeboda, viTomcda Tamaris

poziciebis gasamagreblad dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida, geguTis

samefo sasaxleSi* dabanakda da laSqris Seyras Seudga.

am droisaTvis vardan dadiani saqarTvelos samefos erT-erTi

yvelaze gavleniani saxelmwifo moxele iyo.

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mas eqvemdebareboda qvemo qarTlisa da

CrdiloeT somxeTis umniSvnelovanesi cixeebi: orbeTi, qveSi da kaeni,

maTi mimdebare teritoriiTurT.

rac Seexeba dasavleT saqarTvelos, aq igi mTeli lixTimereTis

samxedro Zalebis sardlobas flobda.

vardan dadianis mowodebaze laSqari mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelodan

movida: svaneTidan, afxazeTidan, odiSidan, guriidan, samoqalaqodan,

raWidan, Takveridan da argveTidan.

geguTSi lixTimereTis laSqarTan erTad, imyofebodnen Crdilo-

dasavleT kavkasiidan mowveuli meomarTa razmebic.

vardan dadianma mis mier Sekrebili laSqari giorgi bogolubskis

erTgulebaze daafica da guzan taoskarelis samxedro ZalebTan

SesaerTeblad samxreTisaken daiZra.

amrigad, mTeli lixTimereTi, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos

msgavsad, agreTve, giorgi bogolubskis kontrolis qveS gadavida.

dasavleT saqarTveloSi Tamaris erTguli mxolod erTi maRali

sasuliero rangis moxele, quTaTeli episkoposi anton saRirisZe darCa.

vardan dadianis laSqrisa da guzan taoskarelis samxedro

danayofebis gaerTianebis Semdeg giorgi bogolubskis droSis qveS

mravalricxovanma mxedrobam moiyara Tavi.

12

amiT gaTamamebulma amboxebulebma guzan taoskarelis saganmgeblo

teritoria datoves da samcxeSi mividnen. aq maT mxareze gadavidnen

samcxis erisTavi boco jayeli da sxva mesxi didebulebi.

samcxeSi Tamaris erTguleba mxolod yvaryvare cixisjvarelma

SeinarCuna, romelic momxreebTan erTad, savaraudod, cixe-qalaqi

oZrxis* midamoebSi gamagrda.

amboxebulebma gza samcxidan CrdiloeTisaken ganagrZes, imereTSi

gadavidnen, giorgi bogolubski geguTis sasaxleSi samefo taxtze

daabrZanes, Tavad ki, iqve, quTaisis midamoebSi dabanakdnen.

paralelurad amisa, samefo karis winaaRmdeg mimarTulma procesebma

Tavi iCina qvemo qarTlisa da CrdiloeT somxeTis mTel rig

provinciebSic, romlebic amboxebulTa momxreebs ekuTvnodaT: gagi _

ivane vardanisZes, kaiwoni _ mayas, kaeni _ Tavad vardan dadians da sxva.

Sedegad, aRniSnuli provinciebi, ise, rogorc mTeli dasavleTi da

samxreT-dasavleTi saqarTvelo, aseve, giorgi bogolubskis kontrolis

qveS gadavida.

amboxebulTa moqmedebebs Tvals fxizlad adevnebda centraluri

xelisufleba.

Tamarma, pirvel yovlisa, TavisTan ixmo misi erTguli erisTavebi da

maTi daxmarebiT, sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi moiyvana: hereTSi, kaxeTSi, Sida

da qvemo qarTlSi, CrdiloeT somxeTsa da samcxeSi mobilizebuli

samxedro SenaerTebi.

mefis mier Sekrebil laSqars saTaveSi, im droisaTvis ukve

amirspasalaris Tanamdebobaze dawinaurebuli, gamrekel Toreli Caudga.

samxedro Zalebis Tavmoyrisa da sabrZolvelad momzadebis

miuxedavad, Tamarma mainc scada sisxlisRvris Tavidan acileba,

gulmowyaleba gamoiCina da amboxebulebTan mosalaparakeblad mravalgzis

gagzavna qarTlis kaTolikosi Teodore I, quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposi

anton saRirisZe, samefo karis moxeleebi _ ejibebi, mestumreebi da sxva.

amboxebulebma centralur xelisuflebasTan molaparakebaze uari

ganacxades da Tamaris winaaRmdeg sabrZolo moqmedebebi daiwyes. maT

laSqari Suaze gayves da ori mimarTulebiT daiwyes moZraoba.

samxedro SenaerTebis erTma nawilma lixis qedi gadmolaxa, qarTlSi

Semovida, qalaq gors zemoT mdebare teritoria daikava da adgilobrivi

mosaxleobis Zarcva-rbevas Seudga.

qarTlel didebulTa erTi nawili amboxebulTa mxares gadavida. maT

laSqars SeuerTdnen CrdiloeT kavkasiidan gadmosul meomarTa razmebic.

amboxebulTa laSqris meore nawili, romelsac vardan dadiani da

sxva dadianebi xelmZRvanelobdnen, fersaTis qediT samcxeSi gadavida da

cixe-qalaqi oZrxe dawva.

13

oZrxesTan vardan dadians boco jayeli da sxva mesxi didebulebi

SeuerTdnen. aq amboxebulebma samxedro moqmedebebis saboloo gegma

SeaTanxmes.

gegmis Tanaxmad, vardan dadiani da boco jayeli, pirvel rigSi,

javaxeTis ZiriTad cixe-qalaqebs _ Tmogvsa da axalqalaqs daikavebdnen,

aqedan, aRmosavleTisaken daiZvrebodnen, TrialeTze sakuTar kontrols

daamyarebdnen, qvemo qarTlSi Cavidodnen da aq, agaraTa cixis* midamoebSi

SeuerTdebodnen gagidan da CrdiloeT somxeTidan mosul momxreebs.

sabrZolo moqmedebebis bolo etapze agaraTa cixis midamoebSi

Tavmoyrili laSqari Tbiliss dasavleTidan da samxreTidan miadgeboda,

goris midamoebidan daZruli mxedroba _ CrdiloeTidan da alyaSi

moqceul dedaqalaqs ieriSiT aiRebdnen.

oZrxesTan mdgomi amboxebulebi SeTanxmebuli gegmis Tanaxmad,

javaxeTisaken daiZrnen.

centralurma xelisuflebam sapasuxo zomebs mimarTa, sakuTari

laSqari javaxeTSi gagzavna da mtkvris napirze gamagreba ubrZana.

male mtkvars meore napiridan amboxebulebic moadgnen da mdinareze

gadebuli xidis midamoebSi sisxlismRvreli brZola gaCaRda.

Tamaris momxreTa laSqars amirspasalari, gamrekel Toreli

meTaurobda. masTan erTad iyvnen TorelTa feodaluri saxlis sxva

warmomadgenlebi, mxargrZelebi _ zaqaria da ivane sargisis Zeebi, zaqaria

da sargis varamis Zeebi, savaraudod, yvaryvare cixisjvareli da sxva.

amboxebulTa samxedro SenaerTebs vardan dadiani da boco jayeli

sardlobdnen.

sastiki brZola daRamebamde gagrZelda, Semdeg ki mowinaaRmdegeebma

ukan daixies da Tavdapirvel poziciebze gamagrdnen.

RamiT amboxebulebma TaTbiri gamarTes da vinaidan mixvdnen, rom

Tamaris momxreebs winaaRmdegobas veRar gauwevdnen, gadawyvites, mtkvris

ayolebaze ukan daexiaT da iseT strategiul adgilas gamagrebuliyvnen,

sadac mowinaaRmdegis ieriSebis mogeriebas da warmatebuli kontrSetevis

ganxorcielebas SeZlebdnen.

RamiT amboxebulebma poziciebi datoves da eruSeTisaken daixies.

gamrekel Toreli mowinaaRmdeges fexdafex mihyva, nialis velze* daewia

da ieriSi miitana maTze.

sisxlismRvreli brZola didxans gagrZelda da bolos Tamaris

momxreTa gamarjvebiT dasrulda. damarcxebuli amboxebulebis

umravlesoba tyved Cauvarda gamrekel Torelis laSqars.

nialis velze mopovebuli gamarjvebis ambavi TbilisSi saswrafod

Caitana sargis mxargrZelma.

vardan dadianis damarcxebis ambis SetyobisTanave Tamaris karze

myofi samxedro moxeleebi dauyovnebliv Seudgnen moqmedebas, sakuTari

SenaerTebi Tbilisidan gaiyvanes da dasavleTis mimarTulebiT daiZrnen.

14

Tbilisidan gamosul laSqars gzad SeuerTdnen qarTlis erisTavis,

rati suramelis samxedro danayofebi, romlebic manamde goris

midamoebamde mosuli amboxebulebisagan icavdnen dedaqalaqs.

Tamaris momxreTa laSqars piradad meTaurobda daviT soslani.

masTan erTad iyvnen: mandaturTuxucesi Wiaberi, qarTlis erisTavi rati

surameli, heri, kaxeli da qarTleli didebulebi.

daviT soslanis samxedro operaciaSi monawileobas iRebdnen yivCaRTa

sabrZolo razmebic.

qarTlSi myofma amboxebulebma, romlebmac ukve icodnen vardan

dadianis javaxeTSi damarcxebis ambavi, daviT soslanTan SebrZolebaze

uari Tqves, qarTli datoves da ukan, dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavidnen.

daviT soslani Tbiliss dabrunda da TamarTan erTad qvemo qarTls

mivida.

gagsa da CrdiloeT somxeTSi gamagrebuli amboxebulebi mixvdnen,

rom brZolis gagrZelebas azri aRar hqonda da Tamars, morCilebis

niSnad, yelze sabelSebmulebi eaxlnen.

zogierTi amboxebuli ufro Sorsac wavida da samefo karisaTvis

erTgulebis damtkicebis mizniT, sakuTari biZac ki gamoasalma

sicocxles.

Tamarma amboxebulebi keTilad Seiwynara da Ralati apatia, Tumca

ki, manamde kuTvnili cixe-qalaqebi da saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebi

CamoarTva da Tavis erTgul feodalebs gadasca.

kerZod, msaxurTuxucesoba da kaenis provincia CamoarTves vardan

dadians da mis nacvlad, gadasces nialis brZolaSi daWril ivane

mxargrZels. ivane mxargrZels uboZes manamde mayas kuTvnili kaiwonis

provinciac.

cvlilebebi Seexo gagis provinciasac, romelic CamoarTves mis Zvel

mflobels, ivane vardanisZes da gadasces zaqaria varamis Ze mxargrZels.

qvemo qarTlsa da CrdiloeT somxeTSi mdgomareobis mowesrigebis

Semdeg Tamari Sida qarTls mivida da naWarmagevis sasaxleSi dadga.

aq mas dasavleT saqarTvelodan mosuli Suamavlebi eaxlnen.

lixTimereli didebulebi Tamars srul morCilebas ucxadebdnen, oRond

uvneblobis pirobas ixvewebodnen da Tavdebobas dedofal rusudans,

kaTolikos Teodore I-s, mandaturTuxuces Wiabersa da sxva maTTvis

misando pirebs sTxovdnen.

Suamavlebis gamogzavnis paralelurad, dasavleT saqarTvelodan

svani didebulebi gadmovidnen, Tan giorgi bogolubskic moiyvanes da

Tamaris pasuxs daelodnen.

mefem amboxebulebsac da mefe-yofilsac uvneblobis piroba misca.

maSin isini dedofal rusudanTan erTad, naWarmagevSi eaxlnen

Tamars.

15

Tamarma amboxebulebs Ralati apatia da mxolod dakavebuli

Tanamdebobebis CamorTmeva akmara, giorgi bogolubskis ki, ivane

mxargrZelis TanxlebiT daatovebina saqarTvelos farglebi.

giorgi bogolubskis gamosvlis CaxSobidan mcire xnis Semdeg

gardaicvala amirspasalari gamrekel Toreli.

madlierma Tamarma mis memkvidreebs yvelaferi xelSeuxeblad

SeunarCuna, mxolod cixe-qalaqi Tmogvi CamoarTva da sargis mxargrZels

uboZa.

rac Seexeba amirspasalarobas, es Tanamdeboba zaqaria sargisis Ze

mxargrZels gadaeca.

amave zaqarias, romelic mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg cixe-qalaq

lores memkvidreobiT flobda, damatebiT, cixe-qalaqi rusTavic eboZa.

Tamarma uxvad daasaCuqra mandaturTuxucesi Wiaberic da mas cixe-

qalaqi Jinvali da aragvis xeobis didi nawili gadasca.

wyalobis gareSe arc Tamaris erTguli sxva didebulebi darCenilan.

mefem jerovnad daasaCuqra: wirqvalelebi, zartibisZeebi, grigolisZeebi,

WiaberisZeebi, maxatlisZeebi, TorRaisZeebi da sxva.

TamarTan patiebis saTxovnelad gamocxadebul amboxebulebs Soris,

rogorc Cans, ar iyo guzan taoskareli. am ukanasknelma, araTu ar

Seinana sakuTari saqcieli, aramed gaagrZela kidec centraluri

xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg brZola da am mizniT, axal mokavSireebs

dauwyo Zebna.

kerZod, guzan taoskareli piradad eaxla xlaTis* sulTans da mas

taoskaris*, vaSlovanisa* da samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva cixeebi

gadasca.

guzan taoskarelTan erTad, xlaTis sulTans morCileba gamoucxades

amboxebis monawile sxva qarTvelma didebulebmac: samcxidan gamoqceulma

samZivarma da misma aznaurebma, meRvineTuxucesis Tanamdebobis mqone vinme

ucnobma feodalma da sxva.

guzan taoskarelTan erTad, xlaTis sulTanTan imyofeboda misi

erT-erTi vaJi, Tumca guzanis meuRle da misi meore Svili

kvlavindeburad qarTvelTa mier kontrolirebad teritoriaze rCebodnen.

xlaTis sulTanma guzanis ojaxis gamosayvanad da cixeebSi Turquli

garnizonebis Casayeneblad saqarTveloSi laSqari gamogzavna. samxedro

eqspediciaSi monawileobas iRebda guzanis vaJic.

Turquli sabrZolo SenaerTebis moZraoba kargad SeniSnes Tamaris

erTgulma taoelma didebulebma: zaqaria fanaskertelma, Zinielebma da

kalmaxelebma.

maT saxeldaxelod Sekribes mxedroba da sadRac mtkvris

saTaveebTan, kolas provinciaSi gadaeRobnen mowinaaRmdeges.

Turqebi ricxobrivad didad aRematebodnen qarTvelebs da Tormet

sabrZolo droSas flobdnen.

16

miuxedavad amisa, zaqaria fanaskertelma jiqur miitana ieriSi

TurqTa laSqarze da brZolis velidan gaaqcia igi.

guzan taoskarelis ojaxi qarTvelebs CauvardaT xelT.

zaqaria fanaskerteli kolaSi mopovebuli gamarjvebiT ar

dakmayofilda, taoSi dabrunda da sul mokle xanSi Turqebs guzan

taoelis mier gacemuli yvela cixe waarTva.

xlaTis sulTnis mier mitacebuli teritoria kvlavindeburad

saqarTvelos samefos daubrunda.

gamarjvebuli taoeli didebulebi zaqaria fanaskertelis

winamdgomobiT Tbiliss Cavidnen da Tamars warudgnen.

rac Seexeba Tavad guzan taoskarels, is arc mogvianebiT iSlida

Tavisas da xlaTis sulTnisagan zurgmomagrebuli ganuwyvetliv Tavs

esxmoda saqarTvelos sazRvrispira raionebs.

erT-erTi aseTi marbieli laSqrobisas guzan taoskareli mTibavebma

Seipyres kolaSi da datyvevebuli Tbiliss gagzavnes.

daviT soslani kargad icnobda Tamaris mowyale bunebas da SeeSinda,

mefes sxva amboxebulebis msgavsad, guzan taoskarelic ar Seewyalebina.

amitom aCqarda, gandgomil didebuls Tavad gamoutana ganaCeni da

Tvalebis dawviT dasaja.

1192 wels qveynierebas moevlina Tamarisa da daviT soslanis pirmSo

vaJi _ giorgi laSa.

samefo taxtis memkvidris dabadebis aRsaniSnavad, 1193 wels

qarTvelebma marbieli laSqroba moawyves samxreT-aRmosavleTis

mimarTulebiT da ranis teritoriaze SeiWrnen.

samxedro eqspedicia, savaraudod, gagidan daiwyo.

qarTulma mxedrobam TareSiT gaiara TiTqmis mTeli rani,

gaafTrebuli winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, umokles droSi aiRo qalaqi

bardavi*, ocdaaTi aTasi tyve wamoasxa saqarTveloSi da gamarjvebuli

movida Tbiliss.

Tamarma Cveuli gulmowyaleba gamoiCina, ocdaaTiaTasive tyve

upirobod gaaTavisufla da mSvidobiT daabruna ukan, bardavSi.

bardavis aRebidan ramdenime kviris Semdeg qarTvelebma kidev erTi

marbieli laSqroba moawyves TurqTa winaaRmdeg.

samxedro SenaerTebi, amjerad samxreT-dasavleTisaken daiZrnen da

uSualod karnuqalaqze miitanes ieriSi.

saomari mimrTulebis placdarmad, rogorc Cans, SerCeuli iyo

xlaTis sulTnisaTvis axlad warTmeuli taos teritoria.

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTulma SenaerTebma swrafad gadalaxes

saqarTvelos sazRvari da mokle xanSi karnuqalaqis kedlebTan

aRmoCndnen, Turqebma mainc moaswres sapasuxo zomebis miReba da qalaqis

dasacavad sakmaod mniSvnelovan Zalas mouyares Tavi.

17

sakuTriv karnuqalaqSi idga adgilobriv TurqTa maravalricxovani

garnizoni, romelsac meTaurobdnen nasr-adin salduxis Ze da misi ori

vaJi.

qalaqis Soriaxlos dabanakebulni iyvnen karnuqalaqelTa

dasaxmareblad mezobeli provinciebidan _ yarsidan da surmanidan

mosuli samxedro SenaerTebi.

qarTvelebma karnuqalaqze Seteva gamTeniisas daiwyes. sastiki

brZola daRamebamde gagrZelda.

sibnelis dadgomasTan erTad, mowinaaRmdegeebma brZola Sewyvites da

Tavdapirvel poziciebs daubrundnen.

karnuqalaqSi gamagrebuli meomrebi koconebis aliT ganaTebul

qarTvelTa banakSi mTeli Rame xedavdnen sakuTari ojaxis datyvevebul

wevrebs, Tumca maTTvis daxmarebis gawevas verafriT axerxebdnen.

gamTeniisas, sakuTari uZlurebiT gaafTrebulma Turqebma mTeli

laSqari gamoiyvanes qalaqidan da iqve, galavnis win ganalages

sabrZolvelad.

TurqTa qveiT da cxenosan SenaerTebs zurgs umagrebdnen qalaqis

kedlebze gadmomdgari meSurduleebi da mSvildosnebi, romlebic

ganuwyvetliv uSendnen qvasa da isars mowinaaRmdeges.

TurqTa moqmedebis paralelurad, sabrZolo poziciebi daikaves

qarTvelebmac da Setevaze gadasasvlelad moemzadnen.

brZola qarTulma kavaleriam daiwyo. SubSemarTulma cxenosnebma

daviT soslanis winambrZolobiT, jiquri ieriSi miitanes TurqTa

razmebze da elviseburad gaarRvies maTi rigebi.

mowinaveebs danarCeni qarTuli SenaerTebic mihyvnen.

Turqebma qarTvelTa masirebul ieriSs veRar gauZles, brZolis veli

miatoves da qalaqis Sesasvlelisaken gaiqcnen.

gamarjvebulma daviT soslanma aRar gaagrZela karnuqalaqze

ieriSebi, daubrkoleblad moiTareSa qalaqis midamoebi, saqarTveloSi

mravali tyve wamoiyvana da didi alafiT warudga Tamars.

amave 1193 wels, karnuqalaqis winaaRmdeg mowyobili warmatebuli

laSqrobis Semdeg qarTvelebma isev samxreT-aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT

gadawyvites samxedro eqspediciis mowyoba.

amjerad, laSqroba, savaraudod, loredan daiwyo.

Tavdapirvelad qarTuli mxedroba samxreT-dasavleTisaken moZraobda.

maT TareSiT gaiares TurqTa kontrolis qveS myofi gelaquni da

Zveli albanuri provinciebi _ xaCeni* da yaryari*.

aqedan, laSqrobis mimarTuleba Secvales, araqsis marcxena napiris

dayolebaze, Crdilo-aRmosavleTisaken gaemarTnen, bailayanis midamoebi

daarbies, ukan gamobrundnen da ranis gavliT saqarTvelosaken wamovidnen.

qarTvelebma yaryaridan saqarTvelos sazRvris axlos mdebare cixe-

qalaq Samqoramde* mosvlas eqvsi dRe moandomes da am eqvsi dRidan erTi

18

dRec ki ar gasula ise, rom qarTvelebs brZola ar gadaexadaT

TurqebTan.

gansakuTrebiT sastiki iyo qalaq ganZis kedlebTan momxdari

Setakeba. yvela am brZolaSi gamarjveba qarTvelebs darCaT da isinic

Zlevamosili mividnen Tbiliss, Tamaris winaSe.

momdevno, 1194 wels qarTvelebma marbieli laSqroba axla ukve

samxreTis mirTulebiT moawyves.

samxedro eqspedicia amjeradac loredan daiwyo. mas Zmebi _

amirspasalari zaqaria da msaxurTuxucesi ivane mxargrZelebi

xelmZRvanelobdnen.

laSqrobis mizani iyo araqsis marcxena napiris moTareSeba da am

regionSi TurqTa kontrolis Sesusteba.

mxargrZelebma saqarTvelos sazRvari gadakveTes da araqsis marcxena

napirisaken daiZrnen, Tumca gzad moulodnelad gadaeyarnen TurqTa

razmebs, romlebic, piriqiT, CrdiloeTisaken modiodnen da saqarTvelos

moTareSebas apirebdnen.

TurqTa laSqari Zveli somxuri cixe-qalaqebidan _ dvinidan,

bijnisidan* da amberdidan* gamoyvanili sabrZolo danayofebisagan

Sedgeboda.

erTmaneTis pirispir aRmoCenil Turqebsa da qarTvelebs Soris

sastiki brZola gaimarTa da mxargrZelTa gamarjvebiT dasrulda.

qarTvelebma laSqroba gaagrZeles, saqarTveloSi didi alafiT

dabrundnen, Tbiliss Cavidnen da gamarjvebulebi warudgnen Tamars.

imave 1194 wels msaxurTuxucesma, ivane mxargrZelma saqarTvelos

samefo kars samxreTis mimarTulebiT, axali didi samxedro eqspediciis

organizeba SesaTavaza.

gegmis Tanaxmad, qarTvelebs TareSiT unda gaevloT gelaquni,

misuliyvnen naxiCevans, aeRoT araqsis marcxena napirze mdebare qalaqi

sparsi-bazari* da daerbiaT misi midamoebi.

qveynis samxedro xelmZRvanelobam ivane mxargrZelis gegma moiwona.

laSqrobas saTaveSi piradad Caudga daviT soslani.

qarTvelebma swrafad daarbies gelaqunSi damkvidrebuli Turqmanebi,

SeiWrnen naxiCevanSi da ieriSiT aiRes qalaqi sparsi-bazari.

Turqebma winaaRmdegobis gaweva ramdenimejer scades, magram _

uSedegod, daviT soslanma yvela SetakebaSi daamarcxa mowinaaRmdege.

am mravalricxovani gamarjvebebis aRsaniSnavad, qarTulma mxedrobam

pirdapir sparsi-bazris teritoriaze, Turqi sulTnisaTvis gankuTvnil

moedanze gamarTa samxedro TamaSoba.

qarTvelebma laSqrobis Sedegad uzarmazari alafi moipoves da

Tbiliss, Tamaris winaSe mividnen.

19

qarTvelTa laSqrobebiT Sewuxebulma iranis azerbaijanis* aTabagma,*

abu baqrma gadawyvita, Tamaris dasasusteblad qveyanaSi axali

Sidaareuloba gamoewvia da am mizniT, giorgi bogolubskis daukavSirda.

mefe-yofili iranSi Cavida, aqedan, abu baqris brZanebiT, ganZas

gamoemgzavra, ranis laSqars saTaveSi Caudga, 1194 wels mtkvari

gadmolaxa da saqarTvelos farglebSi SemoiWra.

giorgi bogolubski, Tavdapirvelad kambeCovanSi mivida da mimdebare

teritoriis darbevas Seudga.

ranis laSqris Tavdasxmis ambavi pirvelma cixe-qalaq xornabujis

patronma saRir maxatlisZem Seityo, damxmare laSqars aRar daeloda da

sakuTari razmebiT giorgi bogolubskis winaaRmdeg daiZra.

saRir maxatlisZesTan erTad iyo misi sami vaJic.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Turqebi ricxobrivad aTjer aRmatebodnen

qarTvelebs, saRir maxatlisZem moulodneli gadawyvetileba miiRo da

Tavganwiruli ieriSi miitana mowinaaRmdegeze.

ranis laSqari aseT jiqur Setevas ar elodeboda da damarcxda.

qarTvelebi kvaldakval mihyvnen ukan daxeul mters da mravali

maTgani tyved Seipyres.

giorgi bogolubskis Sepyroba ver moxerxda da man gaqceviT uSvela

Tavs.

daaxloebiT amave periodSi samxreT kavkasiaSi mniSvnelovani

movlenebi ganviTarda.

saqarTveloSi movida iranis azerbaijanis ufliswuli amir mirmani

da Tamars Zmis, aTabag abu baqris winaaRmdeg brZolaSi daxmarebis gaweva

sTxova.

amir mirmansa da saqarTvelos samefo kars Soris Suamavlis rols

Sirvanis Sahi, amir mirmanis simamri, aRsarTan I asrulebda.

viTareba Semdegi iyo: abu baqrma aTabagoba ZaliT waarTva ufros

Zmas, xutlu inanCs da umcros Zmas, amir mirmans devna dauwyo.

amir mirmanma Tavi simamrs, Sirvanis Sahs, aRsarTan I-s Seafara. abu

baqrma umcrosi Zmis winaaRmdeg gailaSqra da siZe-simamris

gaerTianebuli laSqari sastikad daamarcxa.

amas daerTo SirvanSi momxdari saSineli miwisZvra, romlis drosac

qalaqi Samaxa mTlianad ganadgurda, aRsarTan I-is meuRle da Svilebi ki

nangrevebSi daiRupnen.

yovelmxriv Seviwroebul amir mirmansa da aRsarTan I-s meti gza

aRar darCaT da daxmarebisaTvis saqarTvelos samefo kars mimarTes.

Tbiliss mosuli mahmadiani siZe-simamri Tamars samxedro daxmarebis

gawevas, abu baqris damarcxebasa da amir mirmanis aTabagis taxtze ayvanas

sTxovdnen.

Tamarma gaiTvaliswina Seqmnili mdgomareoba da amir mirmans

daxmareba aRuTqva.

20

amasobaSi Tbiliss ambavi movida, rom abu baqri rans iyo mosuli da

qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg gamosalaSqreblad emzadeboda.

mas Tan hqonda baRdadis xalifas mier gamogzavnili droSa, niSani

mahmadianTa sayovelTao mxardaWerisa.

abu baqris mravalricxovani armia koaliciuri xasiaTisa iyo.

xalifas droSis qveS idgnen ara mxolod iranidan moyvanili

samxedro SenaerTebi, aramed samxreT kavkasiis sxvadasxva kuTxeebidan

mosul TurqTa sabrZolo danayofebic.

saqarTvelos samefo kari abu baqris ranSi mosvlas srul

mzadyofnaSi daxvda.

Tamarma laSqari mTeli saqarTvelodan Sekriba: hereTidan, kaxeTidan,

qarTlidan, mesxeTidan, Toridan, SavSeTidan, klarjeTidan, taodan,

somxeTidan, afxazeTidan, svaneTidan, odiSidan, guriidan, raWidan,

Takveridan, margveTidan da sxva.

Tamaris laSqarSi iyvnen osTa razmebi da yivCaReTidan qiriT

moyvanili sabrZolo danayofebi.

qarTuli samxedro SenaerTebi Tbilisis samxreTiT, mtkvris marjvena

napirze, mdinareebis _ algeTis, qciisa da debedas qvemo welze

dabanakdnen.

laSqars saTaveSi Caudga daviT soslani. masTan iyo saxelovani

gorgaslian-daviTiani droSac.

samxedro eqspediciaSi uSualo monawileobas iRebda qveynis pirveli

ministri, Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesi, anton glonisTavisZe, romelic

jvriT xelSi win uZRvoda laSqars.

qarTuli samxedro SenaerTebi mtkvris marjvena napirs qvemoT,

samxreT-aRmosavleTisaken dauyvnen.

laSqarma saqarTvelos sazRvari gadalaxa da 1195 wlis 1 ivniss

cixe-qalaq Samqoris maxloblad dabanakda.

uSualod Samqoris kedlebTan iyo dabanakebuli abu baqris laSqaric.

2 ivnisis, gamTeniisas daviT soslanma qarTuli sabrZolo danayofebi

ise ganalaga, rom laSqris marcxena kidem Samqoris velis CrdiloeTiT

mdebare mtkvars miaRwia, marjvena kidem ki _ Samqoris velis samxreTiT

aRmarTul mTas.

ieriSi qarTvelebma daiwyes. daviT soslanma laSqari Suaze gahyo.

aqedan, pirveli dajgufebis amocana iyo cixe-qalaq Samqorze cru

ieriSis dawyeba, mowinaaRmdegis yuradRebis mipyroba, misi ZiriTadi

Zalebis am mimarTulebiT koncentrireba, brZolis maqsimalurad

gaWianureba, bolos ki, meore dajgufebasTan erTad, gadamwyveti ieriSis

mitana abu baqrze.

gansxvavebuli amocana hqonda meore dajgufebas, romelic saerTod

unda garideboda pirveli dajgufebis brZolis adgils, flangidan an

zurgidan moevlo cixe-qalaqisaTvis da maSin, roca abu baqris Zalebi

21

mTlianad qarTvelTa pirveli dajgufebis winaaRmdeg iqneboda

koncentrirebuli, meore mxridan dasxmoda mters.

gegmis Tanaxmad, pirvelma dajgufebam amirspasalar zaqaria

mxargrZelis meTaurobiT, pirdapir cixe-qalaq Samqorisaken aiRo gezi,

mis kedlebTan axlos daikava pozicia da karibWeze ieriSis mitana

winambrZol razms daavala.

moieriSe danayofs saTaveSi Caudga zaqaria varamis Ze mxargrZeli.

cixe-qalaqis SesasvlelTan sisxlismRvreli Setakeba daiwyo.

amasobaSi, qarTvelTa meore dajgufebam, romelsac uSualod daviT

soslani xelmZRvanelobda, moxerxebuli manevri ganaxorciela, cixe-

qalaq Samqors Soridan mouara ise, rom es ukanaskneli qarTul

mxedrobas xelmarjvniv darCa, gadalaxa mdinare Samqoris wyali, Semdeg

mkveTrad Semobrunda da cixe-qalaqisaken gaiWra.

qarTvelTa mier dasaxuli gegma Tavdapirvelad warmatebiT

xorcieldeboda, Tumca Semdeg erTi gauTvaliswinebeli ambavi moxda:

daviT soslanis samxedro SenaerTebma mTagoriani da qvaRorRiani

reliefis gamo, cixe-qalaqisaken swrafi gadaadgileba ver moaxerxes da

am monakveTis gavlas imaze bevrad didi dro moandomes, vidre es gegmiT

iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.

daviT soslanis gauTvaliswinebelma dayovnebam kinaRam mTeli

brZolis bedi gadawyvita.

zaqaria mxargrZelis mier cixe-qalaqis karibWesTan gagzavnili

winambrZoli razmi TandaTanobiT daiRala, danayofis meTaurs zaqaria

varamis Ze mxargrZels cxeni moukles, mis mxardamxar mebrZoli

didebulebis umravlesobam ki, Wriloba miiRo.

winambrZoli razmi ganadgurebis safrTxis winaSe aRmoCnda.

maSin zaqaria mxargrZelma ZmasTan, msaxurTuxuces ivane

mxargrZelTan erTad, gadawyvita, aRar dalodeboda daviT soslanis

SenaerTebis gamoCenas da sakuTari danayofebiT Cabmuliyo brZolaSi.

swored am kritikul momentSi, mxargrZelebma Soridan SeniSnes, rom

daviT soslanis SenaerTebs ukve gadalaxuli hqondaT gzis Znelad

savali monakveTi da brZolis velisaken moiCqarodnen.

maT win amayad mofrialebda mravalomgamovlili gorgaslian-

daviTiani droSa.

mxargrZelebma swrafad Seafases Seqmnili viTareba da dauyovnebliv

gadavidnen Setevaze.

abu baqris laSqris erTma nawilma qarTvelTa ieriSs ver gauZlo,

poziciebi miatova da ukandaxeva daiwyo.

Tumca, aTabagis samxedro SenaerTebis meore nawili kvlavindeburad

inarCunebda sabrZolo poziciebs da medgar winaaRmdegobas uwevda

mxargrZelebs.

brZola didxans aRar gagrZelebula.

22

male cixe-qalaqis kedlebTan daviT soslanis SenaerTebic gamoCndnen

da gadamwyveti ieriSi miitanes mowinaaRmdegeze.

qarTuli mxedrobis uecarma gamoCenam abu baqris laSqars Tavzari

dasca. maT saerTod Sewyvites winaaRmdegobis gaweva da uwesrigod

gaiqcnen brZolis velidan.

Tavs gaqceviT uSvela abu baqrmac, romelic saswaulebrivad

gadaurCa datyvevebas.

samagierod qarTul mxedrobas xelT Cauvarda xalifis mier

gamogzavnili droSa, romelic misma axalma mflobelma Salva

axalcixelma gelaTis monasters Seswira.

gamarjvebuli qarTvelebi or nawilad gaiyvnen.

erTi nawili iranis azerbaijanSi SeiWra da mahmadianTa wesis

Sesabamisad, sami didi qalaqi gaZarcva: erTi _ abu baqris kuTvnili,

meore _ abu baqris vaJis, xolo mesame _ azerbaijaneli didebulis,

saTmaz ezdinis Zisa.

qarTuli mxedrobis meore nawili mowinaaRmdegis devnis dasrulebis

Semdeg ukan, Samqoris velze dabrunda da abu baqris laSqris nabanakarze

gaaTia Rame.

maT Soris iyo daviT soslanic, romelsac brZolis adgilas

Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesi anton glonisTavisZe daxvda.

am ukanasknels, rogorc sasuliero pirs, sisxlisRvraSi

monawileoba ar miuRia da mxolod zurgidan adevnebda Tvals sabrZolo

moqmedebebs.

qarTvelebTan erTad Samqoris kedlebTan Rame gaaTies amir mirmanma

da aRsarTan I-mac.

meore dRes, 3 ivnisis, dilas Samqoris mosaxleobam daviT soslans

qalaqis gasaRebi miarTva.

qarTvelebs danebdnen Samqoris axlomdebare cixeebica da qalaqebic.

daviT soslanma damorCilebuli qalaqebi amir mirmans gadasca.

qarTuli mxedroba Samqoridan qalaq ganZisaken daiZra.

qalaqis misadgomebTan adgilobrivi aristokratia win miegeba daviT

soslans da ganZis gasaRebi gadasca. mefe qalaqSi Sevida da sulTnis

taxtze dajda.

sulTnisave sasaxleSi qarTvelebma didi lxini gadaixades. sapatio

adgilebi daikaves amir mirmanma da aRsarTan I-ma. dadgenili ierarqiuli

TanamimdevrobiT dasxdnen qarTveli moxeleebic: mandaturTuxucesi

Wiaberi, amirspasalari zaqaria mxargrZeli da sxvani.

daviT soslanma saxelovani gamarjvebis macned saqarTveloSi

mandaturTuxucesi Wiaberi gamogzavna.

es ukanaskneli tabaxmelis sazafxulo rezidenciaSi eaxla Tamars

da sasaxarulo ambavi iq auwya mefes.

23

male saqarTveloSi danarCeni qarTuli mxedrobac dabrunda da Tan

uzarmazari alafi moitana: Tormeti aTasi tyve, ormoci avaza, oci aTasi

cxeni, Svidi aTasi jori, TxuTmeti aTasi aqlemi, mravali droSa,

auracxeli ganZeuli da sxva.

daviT soslanma damorCilebuli ganZa da mTlianad rani amir mirmans

gadasca.

qarTvelebis ranidan wasvlis Semdeg naxWevanSi gaxiznulma abu

baqrma amir mirmans mkvleli miugzavna da moawamvlina.

umcrosi Zmis mokvlis Semdeg abu baqrma mmarTvelis gareSe

darCenil ranSi laSqari gagzavna, amir mirmanis erTguli moxeleebi

daaxocina da ganZaze sakuTari kontroli daamyara.

amir mirmanis mokvlis ambis SetyobisTanave qarTvelTa samxedro

SenaerTebi ganZisaken daiZrnen.

abu baqrma winaaRmdegobis gaweva ver SeZlo.

maSin SeSinebuli raneli didebulebi win miegebnen SamqorTan misul

daviT soslans da ficiT aRuTqves abu baqrisadmi daumorCilebloba.

qarTvelebma erTgulebis fici ikmares, ukan gabrundnen, Tan waiyvanes

patronis gareSe darCenili amir mirmanis mravalricxovani amala da

pativiT istumres saqarTveloSi.

veragulad mokluli amir mirmani didi mwuxarebiT daitira Tamarma.

Samqoris omis mogebis Semdeg qarTvelebi TurqTa winaaRmdeg axali

marbieli laSqrobebis organizebas Seudgnen.

erT-erTi pirveli samxedro operacia msaxurTuxucesma ivane

mxargrZelma Caatara.

is mcire laSqriT gelaquns mivida da Casafrda.

cota xanSi qarTvelebma SeniSnes, rom ganZidan surmanisaken TurqTa

didi laSqari miemarTeboda.

aq iyvnen: dvinis mflobeli balSani, surmanis patronis Zma,

surmanelTa samxedro SenaerTebiT, cnobili sardali ali SuriSami da

sxvebi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom ricxobrivad Turqebi qarTvelebs aTgzis mainc

aRematebodnen, ivane mxargrZelma mowinaaRmdegeze Tavdasxma gadawyvita.

qarTvelebma Turqebs moulodnelad Seuties, isargebles

mowinaaRmdegis dabneulobiT da mTlianad gaanadgures maTi sabrZolo

danayofebi.

ieriSisas gansakuTrebuli simamace gamoiCina ivane mxargrZelma,

romelmac ramdenime Turqi mokla, xolo oTxi meomari tyved Seipyro.

qarTvelebi Tbiliss Cavidnen da gamarjvebuli eaxlnen Tamars.

amasobaSi ranSi isev gaCnda antiqarTuli moZraobis niSnebi.

daviT soslanma mTeli saqarTvelodan Sehyara laSqari da ganZas

miadga.

24

qarTul mxedrobas gzad SeuerTdnen Sarvanis Sahi aRsarTan I da

misi razmebi.

qarTvelebs ocdaxuTi dRis manZilze alya hqondaT Semortymuli

qalaqisaTvis.

bolos ganZelebi danebdnen da daviT soslans qalaqis aoxrebisagan

gadarCenis mizniT, xaraja* gadauxades. qarTvelebs xaraja misces ranis

sxva qalaqebmac.

daviT soslanma mTeli rani moiTareSa, didi alafiT dabrunda ukan

da kojris cixeSi eaxla Tamars.

daviT soslanis ranSi laSqrobis paralelurad, samxedro eqspedicia

moawyo msaxurTuxucesma, ivane mxargrZelmac. is mravalricxovani

sabrZolo danayofebiT gelaqunis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT gaiWra da mTeli

xaCenis provincia daarbia. qarTvelebma xaCenis Turqi didebulebi tyved

wamoiyvanes da uzarmazar alafTan erTad, kojris cixeSi eaxlnen Tamars.

XIII saukunis dasawyisisaTvis, qarTvelTa mier warmoebulma

mravalricxovanma marbielma laSqrobebma udidesi Sedegi gamoiRo da

Turqebma mTel rig Zvel somxur provinciebze kontroli dakarges.

TurqTaTvis warTmeul teritoriebze saqarTvelos saxelmwifo

iurisdiqcia gavrcelda.

Sedegad, qveynis samxreTma sazRvarma gacilebiT ufro samxreTisaken

gadaiwia da mdinare araqsze daido, basianSi ki, araqsis marjvena napiric

moicva. saqarTvelos SemouerTda Semdegi teritoriebi: qalaqi anisi* da

Siraki*, qalaqi dvini da airarati*, bijnisi, amberdi, gelaquni, xaCeni,

karnifori, basiani, da sxva.

qarTvelTa mier samxreT kavkasiaSi mopovebulma warmatebebma mTeli

Turquli samyaro SeaSfoTa da maxlobeli aRmosavleTis mahmadianma

mmarTvelebmac sapasuxo RonisZiebebis gatarebaze daiwyes fiqri.

1203 wels iniciativa sakuTar Tavze aiRo rumis* sulTanma ruqn

ad-dinma da aRmosavleT anatoliaSi oTxasiaTasiani laSqari Sekriba.

samxedro eqspediciis dawyebamde sulTanma Tamars werili miswera,

muhamedis saxeliT saqarTvelos omi gamoucxada da misi laSqris

ganadgureba uwinaswarmetyvela.

Tamari ruqn ad-dinis gamowvevas mSvidad Sexvda, TurqebTan

SebrZolebis gadawyvetileba miiRo, sapasuxo weriliT ki mowinaaRmdeges

amcno, rom mTlianad uflis nebas iyo mindobili da gamarjvebis

mopovebasac swored uflis SemweobiT apirebda.

sapasuxo werilis gadacemisas Turqi mociquli TamarTan waradgines.

am ukanasknelma elCisaTvis Seuferebeli saqcieli Caidina da Tamars

Sehkadra, Tu qarTvelTa damarcxebis Semdeg qristianobas uaryof, maSin

ruqn ad-dini colad SegirTavs, xolo Tu rjuls ar Seicvli, maSin

sulTani xarWad dagisvamso.

25

gakadnierebul mociquls amirspasalarma zaqaria mxargrZelma xeli

Semohkra da ugonod dasca.

roca Turqi gons moego, amirspasalarma Tamaris sapasuxo werili

gadasca da ganumarta, elCi rom ar iyo, mefis SeuracxyofisaTvis jer

enis, Semdeg ki Tavis mokveTis Rirsi iqnebodi, axla wauRe werili

sulTans da auwye, rom brZolisTvis mzad varT da Cvens Soris marTali

ufalma gamoaCinoso.

mociqulis ukan gagzavnis Semdeg Tamarma mTeli samxedro Zalebis

TavSeyra brZana. samxedro SenaerTebi saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan

movidnen. laSqari Tavdapirvelad javaxeTs dabanakda.

samxedro SenaerTebs saTavSi piradad daviT soslani Caudga. masTan

erTd laSqars meTaurobdnen: amirspasalri zaqaria mxargrZeli,

mandaturTuxucesi Salva axalcixeli, misi Zma, ivane axalcixeli da

sxvani.

samxedro SenaerTebis brZolis velze gagzavnisTanave Tamari varZias

mivida da varZiis RmrTismSobels qarTuli mxedrobis gamarjvebas

Seevedra. aqedan, mefe cixe-qalaq oZrxeSi mivida da saqarTvelos

gamarjvebisaTvis dRiTa da RamiT daucxromel locvas Seudga.

amasobaSi ruqn ad-dinis laSqari basianis provinciaSi movida da

boloscixesTan dabanakda.

mcire xnis Semdeg boloscixes qarTuli samxedro SenaerTebic

miuaxlovdnen.

Turqebi sakuTari mravalricxovanobis imedad iyvnen da qarTvelTa

gamoCenisas maincadamainc ar SeSfoTebulan.

daviT soslanma kargad gamoiyena miwinaaRmdegis daudevroba da

moulodneli ieriSis gadawyvetileba miiRo.

qarTvelebma samxedro SenaerTebi sabrZolvelad ganalages. mewinave

razms saTaveSi Caudgnen: amirspasalari zaqaria mxargrZeli,

mandaturTuxucesi Salva axalcixeli, ivane axalcixeli, TorelTa

feodaluri saxlis wevrebi da sxva.

laSqris flangebze ganlagdnen: erT mxares _ dasavleT

saqarTvelodan mosuli samxedro SenaerTebi, xolo meore mxares _

aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan gamoyvanili sabrZolo danayofebi.

laSqris sabrZolvelad ganlagebis Semdeg daviT soslani

mowinaaRmdegisaken uCumrad daiZra.

Turqma guSagebma mxolod maSin SeamCnies qarTvelebis moZraoba,

roca isini Zalze axlos mividnen ruqn ad-dinis banakTan. Turqebma

gangaSi atexes, saswrafod moemzadnen brZolisaTvis da samxedro

danayofebi banakis win ganalages.

brZola qarTvelTa da TurqTa winambrZoli razmebis ormxrivi

ieriSebiT daiwyo. amis Semdeg mowinaaRmdegeebma mTeli danarCeni Zalebic

CarTes brZolaSi.

26

Tavdapirvelad upiratesoba qarTvelebis mxares iyo. maT brZolis

dawyebisTanave Seaviwroves mteri da didi zianic miayenes mas, Tumca,

ricxobrivma upiratesobam TandaTanobiT Tavisi gaitana da upiratesobas

ukve Turqebi daeuflnen.

gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda mowinaaRmdegis

ganlagebaSi Rrmad SeWrili qarTvelTa winambrZoli razmi. Turqebma

cxenebi dauxoces am razmis meTaurebs: mandaturTuxuces Salva

axalcixels, msaxurTuxuces ivane mxargrZels, ivane axalcixels, zaqaria

gagels, Tayaiadin Tmogvelsa da sxvebs.

mowinaaRmdegis ganlagebaSi Rrmad SeWril da cxenebis gareSe

darCenil qarTul samxedro elitas ueWveli daRupvis safrTxe daemuqra.

katastrofuli mdgomareoba mcire xniT gamoaswora winambrZoli

razmis danarCeni meomrebis Tavganwirvam. isini cxenebidan Camoxdnen,

meTaurebis mxardamxar, qveiTad gaagrZeles brZola da cxendacxen

gaqcevas saxelovani sikvdili amjobines.

aranaklebad mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen qarTuli laSqris sxva

SenaerTebic. isini veRar uZlebdnen mravalricxovan TurqTa dawolas da

nel-nela tovebdnen poziciebs. brZola, praqtikulad, wagebuli iyo.

swored am dros, qarTuli kavaleriis orma danayofma erTdroulad

ganaxorciela samxedro manevri, romelmac sabolood gadawyvita kidec

brZolis bedi. erT-erTma cxenosanma razmma daviT soslanis meTaurobiT,

xelmarcxniv aiRo gezi, gascda qarTvelTa ganlagebas, Soridan mouara

xelCarTuli brZolis xazs da jiquri ieriSi miitana TurqTa laSqris

marjvena frTaze.

zustad igive xerxs mimarTa qarTuli kavaleriis meore danayofma,

romelsac amirspasalari zaqaria mxargrZeli meTaurobda. es razmi

marjvnidan gascda qarTvelTa ganlagebas da ieriSi ruqn ad-dinis

laSqris marcxena frTaze miitana.

Turqebma ormxriv Setevas veRar gauZles, brZolis veli miatoves

da uwesrigod gaiqcnen. qarTvelebi kvaldakval mihyvnen ruqn ad-dinis

meomrebs, mravali maTgani daxoces, mravali ki, tyved Seipyres. TurqTa

devna daRamebamde gagrZelda, mTeli maTi banaki da auracxeli alafi ki

qarTvelebs CauvardaT xelT.

basianis omi qarTuli mxedrobis brwyinvale gamarjvebiT dasrulda.

ruqn ad-dinis koaliciuri laSqris damarcxebis Semdeg saqarTvelo

maxlobeli aRmosavleTis uZlieres saxelmwifod gadaiqca da am

regionSi sabolood ganimtkica hegemonoba.

daaxloebiT amave periodSi arankleb saintereso movlenebi

ganviTarda saqarTvelos dasavleT sazRvrebTanac.

yvelaferi 1203 wels daiwyo, roca bizantiis imperatori aleqsi III

Tavs daesxa samSoblodan momaval qarTvel sasuliero pirTa jgufs da

Tamaris mier boZebuli Zvirfasi saCuqrebi waarTva maT.

27

saqarTvelos samefo karma aleqsi III-is saqcieli Seuracxyofad

aRiqva, laSqari Sekriba da 1204 wels bizantiis imperiis aRmosavleT

provinciebze, ufro zustad ki, trapizonis regionze miitana ieriSi.

qarTvelebma samxedro operacia warmatebiT ganaxorcieles da

umokles droSi daikaves qarTveluri tomebiT _ lazebiT dasaxlebuli

mTeli samxreT-aRmosavleTi SavizRvispireTi. Tamarma qarTuli mxedrobis

mier dakavebuli regioni saerTod CamoaWra bizantiis imperias da am

teritoriaze axali politikuri erTeuli _ trapizonis imperia daaarsa.

trapizonis imperias saTaveSi Caudga cnobili bizantiuri

saimperatoro gvaris warmomadgeneli _ aleqsi I komnenosi, romelic

Tamars naTesavad ergeboda.

Sedegad, saqarTvelos samefos dasavleT sazRvarTan Camoyalibda

sakmaod Zlieri saxelmwifo, romelic vasalur damokidebulebaSi iyo

Tamaris karTan da mis erTgul mokavSires warmoadgenda.

1206 wels qarTvelebma TurqTa winaaRmdeg laSqrobebi ganaaxles da

axla yarsze miitanes ieriSi. qarTuli mxedrobis miaxloebisTanave

Turqebma qalaqi datoves da gaiqcnen. daviT soslanma yarsi ivane

axalcixels gadasca. axalma mmarTvelma yarsi erTgvar samxedro

placdarmad aqcia da ganuwyveteli ieriSebis Sedegad, Turqebs mTeli

yarsis provincia waarTva. daviT soslanma es teritoriebic ivane

axalcixels gadasca.

yarsis aRebidan sul mokle xanSi, 1207 wels gardaicvala daviT

soslani. misi gardacvalebisTanave mahmadianuri gaerTianebebi isev

gaaqtiurdnen da qarTvelTa winaaRmdeg mimarTuli samxedro

eqspediciebis organizebas Seudgnen.

pirveli laSqroba saqarTveloSi ardebilis* sulTanma moawyo. misi

samxedro eqspediciis mizani qalaqi anisis aReba da adgilobrivi

qristianebis gaJleta iyo. amave mizniT, sagangebod SeirCa qristianTa

udidesi dResaswauli _ aRdgoma dRe.

1208 wlis didmarxvis vnebis kviraSi ardebilis sulTani araqsis

xeobas aRma auyva, gzad Zarcva-rbevisagan Tavi Seikava, uCumrad miadga

qalaq aniss da mis karibWesTan Casafrda.

aRdgoma dilas qalaqis mcvelebma wesisamebr gaxsnes anisis karibWe.

sulTnis kavaleria qalaqSi SeiWra da anisi ubrZolvelad aiRo.

Tavdamsxmelebma qristianebis devna da xocva-Jleta daiwyes. mosaxleobis

erTi nawili pirdapir quCebsa da saxlebSi daxoces, meore nawili _

Tormeti aTasi qristiani ki, qalaqis eklesiebSi cxvariviT dakles.

sikvdils mxolod aniselTa mcire nawili gadaurCa. maT qalaqis

mimdebare gamoqvabulebsa da kldis napralebs Seafares Tavi.

sulTanma qalaqidan didi alafi waiRo da ukan, ardebilSi dabrunda.

anisis aRebis ambavi Tamarma geguTis sasaxleSi yofnis dros Seityo.

28

mefesTan erTad iyvnen anisis patroni, amirspasalari zaqaria da misi Zma,

msaxurTuxucesi ivane mxargrZelebic.

Tamarma ardebilis sulTnis winaaRmdeg iranis azerbaijanSi

farTomasStabiani laSqrobis mowyoba gadawyvita, Tumca mxargrZelebma

gansxvavebuli gegma SesTavazes. maT mefes sakuTriv qalaq ardebilze

Tavdasxmis ufleba gamosTxoves, anisSi dabrundnen, narCevi meomrebisagan

mcirericxovani razmi moamzades, mahmadianTa mTavari dResaswaulis _

ramadanis dadgomas daelodnen da misi moaxloebisTanave ardebilisaken

daiZrnen. qarTvelebma ardebilamde uCumrad iares da qalaqis

misadgomebTan Casafrdnen.

dResaswaulis gamTeniisas, roca mueZini minareTze gadmodga da

mahmadianebs locvisaken mouwoda, mxargrZelebma yvela mxridan miitanes

ieriSi ardebilze da sul mokle xanSi aiRes qalaqi. ardebilSi Sesulma

mxargrZelebma sulTanica da misi ojaxis wevrebic sikvdiliT dasajes.

amis Semdeg Tormeti aTasi rCeuli moqalaqe meCeTSi Seiyvanes da

anisis eklesiebSi daxocili Tormeti aTasi qristianis msgavsad,

cxvariviT dakles.

qarTvelebma ardebili sastikad daarbies, moqalaqeTa erTi nawili

daxoces, meore nawili tyved aiyvanes, uzarmazari alafi aiRes da ukan,

saqarTveloSi dabrundnen.

mxargrZelebi Tamars kolaSi eaxlnen da iq amcnes gamarjvebis ambavi.

ardebilis aRebidan arcTu didi xnis Semdeg, 1210 wels

mxargrZelebma _ amirspasalarma zaqariam, msaxurTuxucesma ivanem da

zaqaria gagelma Tamars axali didi samxedro eqspediciis gegma

SesTavazes. maTi gegmiT, qarTvelebs Zlevamosili laSqroba unda

moewyoT iranSi da Soreuli mxareebi moeTareSebinaT.

eqspediciisaTvis samxedro SenaerTebi mTeli saqarTvelodan

Seikribnen. laSqarma Tbiliss moiyara Tavi. Tamarma qarTvelebs

saxelovani gorgaslian-daviTiani droSa gadasca da daloca. laSqars

saTaveSi amirspasalari zaqaria mxargrZeli Caudga.

qarTuli mxedroba Tavdapirvelad samxreTisaken daiZra, gaiara

naxWevani, miadga qalaq juRas*, gadalaxa araqsi da qalaq marands*

miuaxlovda.

roca marandis mosaxleobam maTken momavali qarTvelebi SeamCnia,

qalaqi miatova da mTebSi gaixizna.

qarTuli mxedroba marandSi Sevida, Tumca qalaqi mTlianad

daclili daxvda. am dros zaqaria mxargrZelma mTebSi gaxiznuli

marandelebi SeamCnia, CaTvala, rom iq iranis azerbaijanis laSqari iyo

dabanakebuli da samxedro SenaerTebi maRlobisaken daZra. Tumca, manamde

xuTaskaciani cxenosani razmi gamoyo, saTaveSi Tayaiadin Tmogveli

Cauyena, ferdobze swrafad asvla, platoze gamagreba da ZiriTadi

laSqris usafrTxo gadaadgilebis uzrunvelyofa daavala.

29

Tayaiadin Tmogvelma amirspasalaris davaleba Seasrula, platoze

avida da TavdacviTi pozicia daikava.

roca marandelebma maRlobze amosuli mcirericxovani qarTuli

mxedroba SeniSnes, gadawyvites, dauyovnebliv dasxmodnen Tavs da

ZiriTadi laSqris mosvlamde gaenadgurebinaT isini. maT saxeldaxelod

Seadgines cxenosanTa samxedro SenaerTi da swrafad miitanes ieriSi

qarTvelebze. Tayaiadin Tmogveli mowinaaRmdegis gamoCenas momzadebuli

daxvda da sakuTar razms konrSetevaze gadasvla ubrZana.

qarTuli kavaleriis ieriSi imdenad Zlieri gamodga, rom

marandelebma momentalurad miatoves brZolis veli da uwesrigod

gaiqcnen. qarTvelebi fexdafex mihyvnen mowinaaRmdeges da did manZilze

sdies maT.

im dros, roca marandelTa devnaSi garTuli Tayaiadin Tmogvelis

razmi Tvals miefara, platoze qarTvelTa ZiriTadi samxedro

SenaerTebic avidnen.

zaqaria mxargrZels Setakebis adgilas mxolod daxocili

meomrebiRa daxvda.

roca qarTvelebma daxocilebi kargad daaTvalieres, aRmoCnda, rom

brZolis velze xuTasi marandeli cxenosani egdo da xuTasive maTgani

qarTveli mxedris SubiT iyo mokluli.

mcire xnis Semdeg platoze marandelTa devnidan dabrunebuli

qarTveli cxenosnebic gamoCndnen.

samxedro xelmZRvanelobam Tayaiadin Tmogvels brwyinvale gamarjveba

miuloca, Tumca, maTTan SeuTanxmebeli moqmedebis gamo SeniSvnac misca

mas.

marandidan zaqaria mxargrZelma samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, iranis

azerbaijanis udidesi qalaqis Tavrizisaken* aiRo gezi. qarTvelebis

gamoCenam Tavrizis mosaxleobas Tavzari dasca. maT qalaqis

didebulebisagan saswrafod Seadgines elCoba da zaqaria mxargrZelTan

mosalaparakeblad gagzavnes. Tavrizis mosaxleoba srul morCilebas

ucxadebda qarTvelebs da imis sanacvlod, rom qalaqi ar aeoxrebinaT,

auracxel simdidres sTavazobda maT. zaqaria mxargrZelma SemoTavazeba

miiRo, TavrizSi qarTuli garnizoni Caayena da qalaqs uomrad gaecala.

iranis azerbaijanis dalaSqvris Semdeg qarTvelebma

aRmosavleTisaken gaagrZeles gza da qalaq mianes* miadgnen. mianes

meliqma* TvarizelTa msgavsi winadadebiT mimarTa qarTvelebs. zaqaria

mxargrZelma amjeradac miiRo iranelTa SemoTavazeba, mianeSi qarTuli

garnizoni Caayena da samxreT-aRmosavleTisaken gaagrZela gza.

iranis azerbaijanidan qarTvelebi gilanSi* SeiWrnen da am iranuli

provinciis centralur qalaqs zanjans* miadgnen. adgilobrivma

mosaxleobam zaqaria mxargrZelisaTvis morCilebis gamocxadeba ar

isurva da qalaqSi gamagrda. qarTulma mxedrobam zanjans alya Semoartya

30

da qalaqze yvela mxridan daiwyo ieriSi. qarTvelTa TiToeul samxedro

danayofs, romlebic, Tavisi mxriv, saqarTvelos erTi romelime

provinciidan gamosuli memomrebiT iyo dakompleqtebuli, SetevisaTvis

zenjanis galavnis erTi konkretuli monakveTi gamoeyo. qalaqis alya

didxans gagrZelda.

bolos mesxTa sabrZolo danayofma moaxerxa zanjanis galavnis erT-

erTi monakveTis Sengreva. mesxebi qalaqSi SeiWrnen. maT kvaldakval

galavani sxva samxedro SenaerTebmac Seangries da mcire xanSi zanjani

qarTvelTa xelSi aRmoCnda. zaqaria mxargrZelma winaaRmdegobis gawevis

gamo sastikad aaoxra qalaqi da laSqroba samxreT-aRmosavleTisaken

ganagrZo.

aq zaqaria mxargrZelma jer qalaq yazvinis* midamoebi daarbia,

Semdeg ki, aRmosavleTisaken wavida da xorasnis teritoriaze Rrmad

SeiWra.

qarTvelebis mier iranis CrdiloeT provinciebSi mowyobili

Zlevamosili laSqroba kaspiis zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT mdebare

qalaq gorganis* midamoebSi dasrulda.

zaqaria mxargrZelma samxedro eqspediciis kidev ufro

aRmosavleTiT gagrZeleba saWirod aRar CaTvala, qalaq gorganis

mimdebare teritoria moiTareSa, auracxeli alafi wamoiRo da ukan

gamobrunda.

im dros, roca qarTvelebi xorasanSi laSqrobdnen, qalaq mianeSi xma

gavrcelda, rom gilanelebma da iranis sxva provinciebidan mosulma

samxedro SenaerTebma zaqaria mxargrZelis laSqars gza Seukres da

mTlianad gaanadgures. mianes meliqma axali ambavi sixaruliT miiRo,

qalaqSi datovebul qarTvelTa razms Tavs daesxa, daxoca isini,

moklul meomrebs tyavi gaaZro da Zelze Camokida. sikvdils

saswaulebrivad gadaurCa erTaderTi qarTveli meomari, romelic sadRac

iqve miimala.

amasobaSi xorasnidan dabrunebuli zaqaria mxargrZeli mianes miadga

da mis mier datovebuli qarTveli molaSqreebi moikiTxa.

Tavzardacemulma mianes meliqma zaqaria mxargrZelis motyueba

gadawyvita, qarTvelTa razmma miane TviTneburad miatova da Tavrizs

wavidao. am dros samalavidan gamovida sikvdils gadarCenili qarTveli

molaSqre da zaqaria mxargrZels simarTle amcno.

ganrisxebulma qarTvelebma mianes meliqica da yvela misi maxlobel-

naTesavic sikvdiliT dasajes, daxocili qarTveli meomrebis msgavsad,

tyavi gaaZres da mTeli qalaqis dasanaxad, minareTze gamohkides. amis

Semdeg qarTulma mxedrobam sastikad aaoxra mTeli qalaqi, mravali

mianeli tyved aiyvana da Tavrizisaken wavida. SeSinebuli Tavrizis

mosaxleoba Zvirfasi saCuqrebiT miegeba qarTvelebs.

31

aqedan, zaqaria mxargrZeli Crdilo-dasavleTisaken daiZra, araqsi

gadmolaxa, saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi Semovida, Tbiliss Cavida da isnis

samefo sasaxleSi gamarjvebuli eaxla Tamars.

xangrZlivi samxedro eqspediciidan dabrunebulma qarTulma

mxedrobam arnaxuli raodenobis alafi moitana qveyanaSi.

iranSi mowyobili laSqrobidan dabrunebis Semdeg, mcire xanSi

gardaicvala amirspasalari zaqaria mxargrZeli.

Tamarma gadawyvita, amirspasalaris Tanamdeboba zaqarias Zmis,

msaxurTuxuces ivane mxargrZelisaTvis mieca.

ivane mxargrZelma madlierebiT miiRo mefis wyaloba, Tumca iTxova,

rom sagangebod misTvis SemoeRoT qarTuli saxelmwifosaTvis manamde

ucnobi Tanamdeboba _ aTabagoba da mahmdianuri wesisamebr, samefo

taxtis memkvidre gasazrdelad misTvisve CaebarebinaT. Tamarma ivane

mxargrZels Txovna ausrula da erTdroulad aTabagisa da

amirspasalaris saxeloebi uboZa.

ivane mxargrZelis Zveli Tanamdeboba _ msaxurTuxucesoba Tamarma

zaqaria gagelis vaJs, varams uboZa.

daaxloebiT amave xanebSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis erT-

erTi kuTxis _ fxovis mosaxleoba CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi mcxovreb

didoelebs daukavSirda da Tamaris winaaRmdeg amboxeba daiwyo. mefem

amboxebis Casaqarobad samxedro SenaerTebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

mTianeTis danarCeni kuTxeebidan gamoiyvana: dvaleTidan, cxrazmidan,

xevidan, xadadan, cxavatidan, WarTlidan da erwo-TianeTidan.

laSqars saTaveSi aTabag-amirspasalari ivane mxargrZeli Caudga.

centraluri xelisuflebis mier gagzavnilma sabrZolo danayofebma

aragvis xeoba aRma aiares, fxovs dasavleTidan uomrad auares gverdi,

xadaSi Sevidnen da male kavkasionis wyalgamyofi qedis Txemze

aRmoCndnen.

aqedan, ivane mxargrZelma laSqari aRmosavleTisaken Semoabruna, qed-

qed iara da wyalgamyofze iseTi sabrZolo poziciebi daikava, rom misi

samxedro SenaerTebi, erT mxares _ fxovsa da didoeTs, xolo meore

mxares _ durZukeTs zemodan qvemoT gadascqerodnen. aseTi moxerxebuli

manevris Semdeg, durZukTa mmarTvelebi ivane mxargrZels ZRveniT eaxlnen

da amboxebulTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi daxmareba aRuTqves.

zurgis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis Semdeg centraluri

xelisuflebis mier gagzavnilma samxedro SenaerTebma fxovelebsa da

didoelebze zemodan miitanes ieriSi. sabrZolo moqmedebebi sami Tvis

ganmavlobaSi, ivnisidan agvistomde gagrZelda da ivane mxargrZelis

sruli gamarjvebiT dasrulda. fxovelebma da didoelebma mowinaaRmdeges

sruli morCileba gamoucxades da pirobis daurRvevlobis niSnad,

mZevlebi misces.

ivane mxargrZeli Tbiliss mivida da gamarjvebuli warudga Tamars.

32

am ambebidan arcTu didi xnis Semdeg, 1210 wels tabaxmelas mdgomi

Tamari, qarTvel gvirgvinosanTa Soris upirvelesi xelmwife,

ormocdaaTiode wlis asakSi gardaicvala.

saxelovani mefe-qali, visi zeobis periodic saqarTvelos istoriis

òqros xanas~ warmoadgens, dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadaabrZanes da

gelaTis monasterSi, bagrationTa sagvareulo saZvaleSi udidesi pativiT

dakrZales.

saxelmwifoebrivi Zlierebis mwvervalze mdgomi saqarTvelos samefo

taxtze Tamaris vaJi _ giorgi IV laSa avida da qarTuli mxedrobis

istoriaSic axali, mravali siZneliTa da xifaTiT aRsavse xana daiwyo.

33

ganmartebiTi leqsikoni *

agaraTa cixe (igive kojris cixe, azeulas cixe) _ istoriuli cixe-

simagre qvemo qarTlSi, gardabnis raionis daba kojris ganapiras.

mdebareobda Tbilisidan istoriul qalaq samSvildisaken mimaval gzaze.

iyo saqarTvelos mefeTa sazafxulo sadgomi.

aTabagi _ qveynis mmarTveli an maRali saxelmwifo moxele Sua

saukuneebis maxlobel aRmosavleTSi. Turqul-mahmadianur sivrceSi

Tavdapirvelad ewodeboda sulTnis memkvidris aRmzrdels, xolo

mogvianebiT _ ama Tu im damoukidebeli an naxevraddamoukidebeli

politikuri erTeulis mmarTvels. saqarTveloSi aTabagis wodebas

atarebda qveynis erT-erTi umaRlesi saxelmwifo moxele, ministri anu

veziri. misi ZiriTadi movaleoba iyo taxtis memkvidris aRzrda da

saufliswulo mamulebis marTva. XIII saukunis dasawyisSi Sedioda

vezirTa pirvel sameulSi mandaturTuxucessa da amirspasalarTan erTad.

mogvianebiT aTabagebma TandaTanobiT Seaviwroves mwignobarTuxuces-

Wyondidelebi da Tavad iqcnen qveynis `vazirTuxucesebad~ anu pirvel

ministrebad.

airarati _ istoriuli provincia somxeTis respublikaSi, qalaq erevnis

samxreT-dasavleTiT. misi centri iyo Sua saukuneebis somxeTis erT-erTi

dedaqalaqi dvini.

albaneTi _ erT-erTi uZvelesi saxelmwifo aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi.

moicavda axlandeli azerbaijanis teritorias da daRestnis samxreT

nawils. Sedioda Semdegi provinciebi: hereTi, kambeCiani, Saqi, yabala,

Sirvani, darubandi, gardmani, rani, xaCeni, sivnieTi da sxva. V saukuneSi

albaneTis dasavleTi provinciebi _ hereTi (amJamindeli kaxeTis

aRmosavleTi nawili da saingilo) da kambeCiani (mermindeli qiziyi)

qarTlis samefom daipyro da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gaqarTvelebas

Seudga. XI saukuneSi albaneTSi masiurad Camosaxldnen mravalricxovani

Turqulenovani tomebi, rasac adgilobrivi mosaxleobis TandaTanobiTi

gaqroba mohyva. albanelebis erTma nawilma Tanamedrove azerbaijaneli

xalxis CamoyalibebaSi miiRo monawileoba, meore nawili ki qarTvelebs,

somxebsa da daRestnelebs Seerwya.

amberdis cixe _ istoriuli cixe-simagre somxeTis respublikaSi, qalaq

erevnis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. mdebareobda bijnisis cixidan qalaq

anisisaken mimaval gzaze. iyo amberdis provinciis centri.

amilaxori _ samxedro uwyebis maRali moxele Sua saukuneebis

saqarTveloSi. iyo amirspasalaris TanaSemwe. eswreboda da saTaTbiro

xmiT sargeblobda saveziros sxdomaze. mas eqvemdebarebodnen sxva

samxedro moxeleebi: meabjreTuxucesi da mejinibeTuxucesi. darbazobis

dros pativiT gaTanabrebuli iyo meWurWleTuxucesTan da

msaxurTuxucesTan.

34

amira _ qalaqis mmarTveli Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi. iyo

saqarTvelos mefis moxele. misi ufleba-movaleobebi daaxloebiT

emTxveva mermindeli qalaqis mouravisa da qalaqis Tavis ufleba-

movaleobebs. amirebi isxdnen saqarTvelos did qalaqebSi: TbilisSi,

quTaisSi, rusTavSi, JinvanSi, dmanisSi da sxva.

amirspasalari _ samxedro ministri anu veziri Sua saukuneebis

saqarTveloSi. ganagebda qveynis samxedro Zalebs: regularul samxedro

SenaerTebs, mefis pirad gvardias, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebidan

gamoyvanil laSqarsa da daqiravebul ucxoel meomarTa razmebs. omis

dros iyo jaris uSualo xelmZRvaneli mefis Semdeg. ebara saxelmwifo

droSa da win miuZRvoda laSqars. Sedioda vezirTa pirvel sameulSi

aTabagsa da mandaturTuxucesTan erTad.

qalaqi anisi _ Zveli somxuri qalaqi amJamindeli TurqeTis respublikis

Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi, qalaq yarsis aRmosavleTiT. mdebareobda

aRmosavleT anatoliidan kaspiispireTisaken da saqarTvelodan siria-

erayisaken mimavali gzebis Sesayarze. iyo Sua saukuneebis somxeTis erT-

erTi dedaqalaqi da Sirakis provinciis centri.

qalaqi ardebili _ istoriuli qalaqi iranis respublikis CrdiloeT

nawilSi, kaspiis zRvis samxreT-dasavleT sanapirosTan, qalaq Tavrizis

aRmosavleTiT. mdebareobda CrdiloeT iranidan Sirvanisaken mimaval

gzaze. iyo iranis azerbaijanis erT-erTi centri.

afxazeTi _ istoriuli provincia dasavleT saqarTveloSi. VIII-XV

saukuneebSi moicavda teritorias Tanamedrove axali aTonidan

dasavleTiT, vidre qalaq nikofsiamde. amave VIII-XV saukuneebSi aq

moqmedebda saqarTvelos ukiduresi Crdilo-dasavleTi samxedro-

administraciuli erTeuli _ afxazeTis saerisTavo.

qalaqi bailayani _ Zveli albanuri qalaqi azerbaijanis respublikis

teritoriaze, mdinareebis _ mtkvrisa da araqsis SesarTavidan

dasavleTiT. mdebareobda iranidan saqarTvelosaken momaval did savaWro-

saqaravno magistralze. iyo ranis provinciis aRmosavleTi raionebis

centri.

qalaqi bardavi _ Zveli albanuri qalaqi azerbaijanis respublikis

teritoriaze, qalaq ganjis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT. mdebareobda iranidan

saqarTvelosaken da somxeTidan Sirvanisaken mimavali didi savaWro-

saqaravno magistralebis Sesayarze. iyo ranis provinciis erT-erTi

umniSvnelovanesi centri.

basiani _ Zveli somxuri provincia amJamindeli TurqeTis respublikis

Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi, qalaq erzurumis aRmosavleTiT. misi

centri iyo cixe-qalaqi basiani.

baRdadis xalifa _ maxlobeli aRmosavleTis mahmadian sunitTa

umaRlesi sasuliero meTauri X-XIII saukuneebSi. am wodebas atarebdnen

mxolod abasianTa dinastiis warmomadgenlebi. maTi rezidencia iyo

35

qalaqi baRdadi. isini, rogorc mahamdianTa sulieri meTaurebi, aqtiurad

monawileobdnen qristianuli saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg mimarTul

samxedro-politikur RonisZiebebSi.

bijnisis cixe _ istoriuli cixe-simagre somxeTis respublikaSi, qalaq

erevnis CrdiloeTiT. mdebareobda qalaq dvinidan saqarTvelosaken

momaval gzaze. iyo bijnisis provinciis centri.

gagi _ Zveli qarTuli provincia amJamindeli azerbaijanis respublikis

teritoriaze, mdinare mtkvris marjvena napirze, mdinare debedasa da

qalaq Samqors Soris. misi centri iyo cixe-qalaqi gagi.

qalaqi ganZa (igive ganja) _ Zveli albanuri qalaqi azerbaijanis

respublikis teritoriaze, mis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi, mdinare

mtkvris marjvena napirze. mdebareobda iranidan saqarTvelosaken momaval

did savaWro-saqaravno magistralze. iyo ranis provinciis centri.

geguTis sasaxle _ erT-erTi samefo rezidencia Sua saukuneebis

saqarTveloSi. mdebareobs qvemo imereTSi, qalaq quTaisis samxreTiT, 7

kilometrSi, mdinare rionis marjvena napirze.

gelaquni _ istoriuli provincia somxeTis respublikaSi, sevanis

(gelaqunis) tbis midamoebSi. misi centri iyo gelaqunis cixe.

gilani _ istoriuli provincia iranis respublikis Crdilo-dasavleT

nawilSi, kaspiis zRvis samxreT-dasavleTiT. misi centri iyo qalaqi

zanjani.

giSis cixe _ Zveli qarTuli cixe-simagre hereTSi, amJamindeli

azerbaijanis respublikis teritoriaze, qalaq Saqis Crdilo-

aRmosavleTiT. mdebareobda Sirvanidan Tbilisisaken momaval gzaze. XII-

XIII saukuneebSi warmoadgenda hereTis erisTavebis _ grigolisZeTa

rezidencias.

qalaqi gorgani _ istoriuli qalaqi iranis respublikis Crdilo-

aRmosavleT nawilSi, kaspiis zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT. mdebareobda

Sua aziidan kavkasiisaken momaval msxvil savaWro-saqaravno magistralze.

iyo mazandaranis provinciis erT-erTi centri.

qalaqi dvini _ istoriuli qalaqi somxeTis respublikaSi, qalaq erevnis

samxreTiT. mdebareobda aRmosavleT anatoliidan kaspiispireTisaken da

saqarTvelodan siria-erayisaken mimavali gzebis Sesayarze. iyo Sua

saukuneebis somxeTis erT-erTi dedaqalaqi da airaratis provinciis

centri.

erisTavi _ saxelmwifos administraciuli-teritoriuli erTeulis _

saerisTavos gamgebeli Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi. iyo umaRlesi

samoqalaqo da samxedro xelisufali saerisTavoSi, saerisTavos jaris

sardali. mas hqonda sasamarTlo xelisufleba, krefda saxelmwifo

gamosaRebebs da saerisTavo gadasaxads. misi moxeleebi ganagebdnen

saerisTavoSi Semaval sxvadasxva kuTxeebs. hqonda sakuTari rezidencia,

36

sagvareulo monasteri da erisTavis insigniebi: droSa, beWedi, sayure da

gansakuTrebuli Sesamoseli.

vaSlovanis cixe _ Zveli qarTuli cixe-simagre taoSi, amJamindeli

TurqeTis respublikis teritoriaze, qalaq olTus (olTisis)

samxreTiT, mdinare olTisiswylis marcxena napirze. mdebareobda

basianidan olTisisaken momaval gzaze.

qalaqi zanjani _ istoriuli qalaqi iranis respublikis Crdilo-

dasavleT nawilSi, qalaqebs _ mianesa da yazvins Soris. mdebareobda

iranidan kavkasiisaken momaval msxvil savaWro-saqaravno magistralze.

iyo gilanis provinciis erT-erTi centri.

qalaqi Tavrizi _ istoriuli qalaqi iranis respublikis Crdilo-

dasavleT nawilSi, qalaqebs _ marandsa da mianes Soris. mdebareobda


iyo iranis azerbaijanis umniSvnelovanesi saqalaqo centri.

TeTriwyali (igive aRsu) _ mdinare Tanamedrove azerbaijanis

centralur nawilSi, qalaq Semaxas dasavleTiT, mtkvris marcxena

Senakadi. Sua saukuneebSi erTmaneTisagan mijnavda Saqisa da Sirvanis

provinciebs. XII-XIII saukuneebSi TeTrwyalze gadioda saqarTvelos

saxelmwifos aRmosavleTi sazRvari.

cixe-qalaqi Tmogvi _ istoriuli cixe-qalaqi javaxeTSi, aspinZis

raionis sofel TmogvTan, mdinare mtkvris marcxena napirze. mdebareobda

wina aziidan saqarTvelosaken momaval did savaWro-saqaravno

magistralze.

iranis azerbaijani _ msxvili politikuri erTeuli iranis azerbaijanis,

CrdiloeT iranisa da samxreT kavkasiis teritoriaze XII-XIII

saukuneebSi. misi centri iyo qalaqi naxiCevani. marTavdnen aTabagebi

ildeRizianTa dinastiidan. saqarTvelos mimarT atarebda agresiul

saxelmwifo politikas.

isnis sasaxle _ erT-erTi samefo rezidencia Sua saukuneebis

saqarTveloSi. mdebareobda TbilisSi, mdinare mtkvris marcxena kldovan

napirze, amJamindeli metexis yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis eklesiis

midamoebSi.

kaeni _ istoriuli provincia somxeTis respublikis Crdilo-dasavleT

nawilSi, mdinare aRstevis zemo welze. misi centri iyo kaenis cixe.

kaiwoni _ istoriuli provincia somxeTis respublikis Crdilo-

dasavleT nawilSi, mdinare debedas marjvena napirze. misi centri iyo

kaiwonis cixe.

karnifori _ Zveli somxuri provincia amJamindeli TurqeTis

respublikis qalaq yarsis samxreT-dasavleTiT.

karnuqalaqi (igive arzurumi) saamiro _ Turq-selCukTa erT-erTi

politikuri gaerTianeba XII-XIII saukuneebSi, TurqeTis respublikis

37

Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi, mdinareebis _ evfratisa da araqsis

saTaveebTan. misi centri iyo karnuqalaqi (arzurumi).

lore _ Zveli qarTuli provincia amJamindeli somxeTis respublikis

teritoriaze, mis CrdiloeT nawilSi, mdinare debedas zemo welze. misi

centri iyo cixe-qalaqi lore.

mandaturTuxucesi _ sapolicio uwyebis xelmZRvaneli, ministri anu

veziri Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi. ganagebda sapolicio-

administraciuli moxeleebis _ mandaturebisagan dakompleqtebul

uwyebas. evaleboda wesrigis dacva samefo karze. mefis mgzavrobis dros

asrulebda ceremonmaisteris rols. misi samoxeleo niSani iyo oqros

joxi _ e. w. `samandaturo argani~. Sedioda vezirTa pirvel sameulSi

aTabagsa da amirspasalarTan erTad.

qalaqi marandi _ istoriuli qalaqi iranis respublikis Crdilo-

dasavleT nawilSi, qalaqebs _ juRasa da Tavrizs Soris. mdebareobda


iyo iranis azerbaijanis erT-erTi centri.

meliqi _ naxevraddamoukidebeli politikuri erTeulis mmarTveli Sua

saukuneebis maxlobel aRmosavleTSi.

meWurWleTuxucesi _ saxelmwifo xazinis mTavari gamge, ministri anu

veziri Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi. mas eqvemdebareboda xazinis

moxeleebis _ meWurWleebisagan dakompleqtebuli uwyeba. ganagebda

saWurWles anu xazinas, sadac inaxeboda saxelmwifos kuTvnili fuli da

yoveldRiurad saxarjo qoneba. hyavda nacvali anu moadgile.

meWurWleTuxucess emorCilebodnen qalaqebi, qalaqis amirebi da vaWrebi.

Sedioda òrTa vazirTa~ jgufSi msaxurTuxucesTan erTad.

qalaqi miane _ istoriuli qalaqi iranis respublikis Crdilo-dasavleT

nawilSi, qalaqebs _ Tavrizsa da zanjans Soris. mdebareobda iranidan

kavkasiisaken momaval msxvil savaWro-saqaravno magistralze. iyo iranis

azerbaijanis erT-erTi centri.

mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli _ pirveli ministri anu veziri Sua

saukuneebis saqarTveloSi. iyo sasuliero piri da saero Tanamdebobis

garda, flobda maRali rangis sasuliero wodebas _ Wyondidis,

iSviaTad, bediis an alaverdis episkoposobas. mis gareSe ar wydeboda

saxelmwifosaTvis mniSvnelovani arc erTi sakiTxi, arc samxedro, arc

sagareo-politikuri da arc raime sxva xasiaTisa. iyo upirvelesi

mrCeveli da mzrdeli, `mama mefisa~. xelmZRvanelobda marTlmsajulebis

umTavres organos – `saajo kars~.

msaxurTuxucesi _ samefo karis maRali Tanamdebobis piri, ministri anu

veziri Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi. ganagebda samefo karze moqmed

uwyebebs: salaros anu ganZTsacavs da sawols anu mefis mosasvenebel

gansakuTrebul dawesebulebas. evaleboda `mefis Sekazmva~. mas

eqvemdebarebodnen `mefis msaxurebi~: molareTuxucesi, mesawoleTuxucesi,

38

fareSTuxucesi, mexileTuxucesi da sxva. Sedioda òrTa vazirTa~

jgufSi meWurWleTuxucesTan erTad.

naWarmagevis sasaxle _ erT-erTi samefo rezidencia Sua saukuneebis

saqarTveloSi. mdebareobda qarTlSi, axlandeli goris raionis

teritoriaze, sofel karaleTis adgilas.

naxiCevani _ Zveli somxuri provincia amJamindeli azerbaijanis

naxiCevanis avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriaze. misi centri iyo

qalaqi naxiCevani.

niali _ vrceli veli javaxeTSi, aspinZis raionis sofel Tmogvis

samxreTiT, mdinare mtkvris marcxena napirze.

nikofsia _ istoriuli cixe-qalaqi amJamindeli ruseTis federaciis

teritoriaze, qalaq tuafses Crdilo-dasavleTiT, Savi zRvis Crdilo-

aRmosavleT sanapiroze. XII saukunis II naxevarSi nikofsiasTan gadioda

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos ukiduresi Crdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari.

cixe-qalaqi oZrxe _ istoriuli cixe-qalaqi samcxeSi, adigenis raionis

daba abasTumnis maxloblad, mdinare oZrxiswylis marjvena napirze.

mdebareobda samxreT saqarTvelodan dasavleT saqarTvelosaken mimaval

did savaWro-saqaravno magistralze.

palakacio _ Zveli qarTuli provincia amJamindeli TurqeTis

respublikis Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi, celis (igive Crdilis,

Cildiris) tbis midamoebSi. aq idga cnobili cixe-simagreebi: qajiscixe,

TeTrcixe da sxva.

rani _ Zveli albanuri provincia amJamindeli azerbaijanis respublikis

teritoriaze, mis samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi, mdinare mtkvris marjvena

napirze, mdinareebs _ debedasa da araqss Soris. misi umTavresi centri

iyo qalaqi ganZa.

rumi _ Turq-selCukTa msxvili politikuri gaerTianeba XI-XIV

saukuneebSi, TurqeTis respublikis centralur da aRmosavleT

raionebSi. misi centri iyo qalaqi konia. aqtiurad monawileobda

jvarosanTa winaaRmdeg warmoebul omebSi.

sivnieTi _ Zveli albanuri provincia amJamindeli somxeTis respublikis

teritoriaze, mdinare araqsis marcxena napirze, axlendeli azerbaijanis

mTiani yarabaRisa da naxiCevanis avtonomiur respublikebs Soris.

qalaqi sparsi-bazari _ istoriuli qalaqi amJamindeli azerbaijanis

naxiCevanis avtonomiuri respublikis samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi, qalaq

naxiCevanis aRmosavleTiT. mdebareobda mdinare araqsis marcxena napirze

gamavali da saqarTvelosaken momavali gzebis gasayarze. iyo naxiCevanis

provinciis erT-erTi centri.

taoskaris cixe _ Zveli qarTuli cixe-simagre taoSi, amJamindeli

TurqeTis respublikis teritoriaze, qalaq olTus (olTisis)

CrdiloeTiT, mdinare olTisiswylis marjvena napirze. mdebareobda

39

koladan da bana-olTisis raionidan TorTumiswylisa da Woroxis

xeobisaken mimaval gzaze.

qveSis cixe _ istoriuli cixe-simagre qvemo qarTlSi, bolnisis raionis

sofel qveSis ganapiras, mdinare maSaveras marcxena napirze. mdebareobda

istoriul qalaq samSvildidan lore-taSirisa da zurtaket-

javaxeTisaken mimavali gzebis gasayarze.

yabala _ Zveli albanuri provincia amJamindeli azerbaijanis

respublikis Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi, mdinare mtkvris marcxena

napirze. misi centri iyo qalaqi yabala, albaneTis erT-erTi dedaqalaqi

Sua saukuneebSi.

qalaqi yazvini _ istoriuli qalaqi iranis respublikis Crdilo-

dasavleT nawilSi, qalaqebs _ zanjansa da Teirans Soris. mdebareobda


iyo Sua saukuneebis iranis erT-erTi dedaqalaqi.

yaryari _ Zveli albanuri provincia amJamindeli azerbaijanis mTiani

yarabaRis avtonomiuri respublikis samxreT nawilSi.

cixe-qalaqi Samqori _ Zveli albanuri cixe-qalaqi amJamindeli

azerbaijanis respublikis teritoriaze, qalaq ganjis Crdilo-

dasavleTiT. mdebareobda iranidan saqarTvelosaken momaval did savaWro-

saqaravno magistralze. iyo ranis provinciis dasavleTi raionebis

centri.

Saqi _ Zveli albanuri provincia amJamindeli azerbaijanis respublikis

Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi, mdinare mtkvris marcxena napirze. misi

centri iyo qalaqi Saqi.

Siraki _ Zveli somxuri provincia amJamindeli TurqeTisa da somxeTis

respublikebis teritoriaze, am saxelmwifoebs Soris sazRvrad

dadebuli mdinare arfaCais xeobaSi. misi centri iyo qalaqi anisi.

Sirvani _ Zveli albanuri provincia amJamindeli azerbaijanis

respublikis teritoriaze, aRmosavleT nawilSi, kaspiis zRvis dasavleT

sanapiroze. misi centri iyo qalaqi Semaxa.

CuxCarxi _ samxedro uwyebis maRali moxele Sua saukuneebis

saqarTveloSi. iyo mefis piradi dacvis ufrosi. mudmivad Tan axlda

gvirgvinosans mgzavrobisas da win uZRvoda mas. valdebuli iyo,

daeTvalierebina is adgilebi, sadac mefe unda misuliyo da ezruna mis

usafrTxoebaze. saistorio wyaroebSi xSirad ixsenieba vezirTa gverdiT.

cxumi _ istoriuli provincia dasavleT saqarTveloSi. misi centri iyo

qalaqi cxumi, amJamindeli _ soxumi. VIII-XIV saukuneebSi moicavda

teritorias Tanamedrove axali aTonidan aRmosavleTiT, vidre mdinare

kodoramde. amave VIII-XIV saukuneebSi aq moqmedebda afxazeTis

saerisTavos aRmosavleTiT mdebare samxedro-administraciuli erTeuli

_ cxumis saerisTavo.

xaraja _ dapyrobil xalxebze dakisrebuli gadasaxadi, xarki.

40

xaCeni _ Zveli albanuri provincia amJamindeli azerbaijanis

respublikis mTiani yarabaRis avtonomiuri respublikis CrdiloeT da

centralur nawilSi. misi centri iyo xaCenis cixe.

xlaTi _ Turq-selCukTa msxvili politikuri gaerTianeba XII-XIII

saukuneebSi, amJamindeli TurqeTis respublikis aRmosavleT nawilSi,

vanis tbis Crdilo-dasavleTiT. misi centri iyo qalaqi xlaTi.

marTavdnen sulTnebi Sah-armenTa dinastiidan. imyofeboda vasalur

damokidebulebaSi iranis azerbaijanis ildeRizianTa saxelmwifosTan.

saqarTvelos mimarT atarebda agresiul saxelmwifo politikas.

qalaqi juRa _ istoriuli qalaqi azerbaijanis naxiCevanis avtonomiuri

respublikis teritoriaze, qalaq naxiCevanis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT,

mdinare araqsis marcxena napirze. mdebareobda araqsis marcxena da

marjvena napiris damakavSirebel msxvil-savaWro-saqaravno magistralze.

iyo naxiCevanis provinciis erT-erTi centri.

41

gamoyenebuli literatura wyaroebi:

• i. anTelava, saqarTvelos centraluri da adgilobrivi mmarTveloba

XI-XIII ss., Tb., 1983.

• S. badriZe, saSinao politikuri viTareba Tamaris mefobaSi, wgn.:

saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. III, Tb., 1979.

• basili ezosmoZRvari, cxovreba mefeT-mefisa Tamarisi, qarTlis

cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnawerebis mixedviT s.

yauxCiSvilis mier, t. II, Tb., 1959.

• m. baxtaZe, erisTavobis instituti saqarTveloSi, Tb., 2003.

• m. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sazRvrebi XIII saukunis

damdegs, kreb.: saqarTvelo rusTavelis xanaSi, Tb., 1966.

• vardan arevelci, msoflio istoria, Zveli somxuridan Targmnes nodar

SoSiaSvilma da eka kvaWantiraZem, Sesavali, komentarebi da saZiebeli

daurTo eka kvaWantiraZem, Tb., 2002.

• Tamar mefis droindeli matiane (`cxovreba mefeT-mefisa Tamarisa~),

teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da saZiebeli daurTo m.

qadagiZem, Tb., 2001.

• istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani, qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti

dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnawerebis mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier,

t. II, Tb., 1959.

• S. mesxia, saSinao politikuri viTareba da samoxeleo wyoba XII

saukunis saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1979.

• r. metreveli, mefe Tamari, Tb., 1991.

• miqael panaretosi, trapizonis qronika, berZnuli teqsti qarTuli

TargmniT, Sesavali weriliT, SeniSvnebiTa da saZiebliT gamosca al.

gamyreliZem, kreb.: masalebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis,

nakv.: 33, Tb., 1960.

• g. oTxmezuri, XII-XIII saukuneebis mijnis qarTuli lapidaruli

warwerebi, rogorc saistorio wyaro, Tb., 1981.

• b. silagaZe, XII-XIII ss. saqarTvelos istoriis zogierTi sakiTxi ibn

al-asiris cnobaTa Suqze, kreb.: saqarTvelo rusTavelis xanaSi, Tb.,

1966.

• j. stefnaZe, saqarTvelo XII s. da XIII s-is pirvel meoTxedSi, Tb.,

1985.

• qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebi, t. I, XI-XIII ss. Seadgines da

gamosacemad moamzades T. enuqiZem, v. silogavam, n. SoSiaSvilma, Tb.,

1984.

• iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t. II, Tb., 1983.

• g. jafariZe, saqarTvelo da maxlobeli aRmosavleTis islamuri samyaro

XII-XIII s-is pirvel mesamedSi, Tb., 1995.

42

Documents

qarTuli mxedroba mefe Tamaris epoqaSi · 2010. 3. 29. · udides mefe daviTs, Tamars, giorgi brwyinvales, bagrat III-s, saqarTveloSi ... Tanamosaydred akurTxa erTaderTi kanonieri