Slides capitulo 2

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Sistemas deInformao em

GestoCap. 2 - Tecnologias da

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SIG www.fernando-gaspar.com2

Sumrio

Hardware.

Software e Databases.Internet, intranet, and extranetapplications.

Redes e telecomunicaes.
http://www.fernando-gaspar.com/http://www.fernando-gaspar.com/http://www.fernando-gaspar.com/http://www.fernando-gaspar.com/


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Hardware


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Computer System Categories


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Computer hardware functions

Input

Keyboards,

mice, opticalscanners Convert data

into electronicform

Processing

Central

ProcessingUnit (CPU) Arithmetic-

logic unitperforms thearithmeticfunctions

Control unit

Output

Video display

units, printers,etc. Convert

electronicinformationinto human-intelligibleform


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Computer hardware functions

Storage

Primary StorageUnit or memory

SecondaryStorage

Magnetic disksand Opticaldisks

Control

Control unit ofthe CPU

Controls theother

components ofthe computer


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Moores Law


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Peripherals

Peripheral is generic name for all input, output, and secondary storagedevices that are part of the computer system but are not part of the CPU

Online devicesSeparate from CPUBut electronically connected to and controlled by CPU

Offline devices

Separate from and not under control of the CPU

Peripherals are online devices


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Peripheral Checklist

Monitores Impressoras

Input:Digitalizadores,teclado, rato,

Armazenamento:disco rgido, DVD,

flash drives

Sistemas deBackup


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Software


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Types of software


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Software Licensing

All software is licensed

You dont buy software: you buy a license to use thesoftware under the terms of the licensing agreement

Licensed to protect the vendors property rights


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System software

Software that manages and supports a computer system

System management programs Programs that manage hardware, software, network, and data

resources E.g., operating systems, network management programs, database

management systems, systems utilities

Systems development programs Programs that help users develop information system programs


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Dados e Bases de Dados


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Fundamental Data Concepts

Character: single alphabetic, numeric or other symbol

Field or data item: a grouping of related characters Represents an attribute (a characteristic or quality) of some entity (object,

person, place or event) Example: salary

Record: grouping of all the fields used to describe theattributes of an entity

Example: payroll record with name, SSN and rate of pay Cont.


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Fundamental Data Concepts

File or table: a group of related

records

Database: an integrated collectionof logically related data elements


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Types of databases


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Data Warehouse

Stores data that has been extracted from the operational, external and otherdatabases

Data has been cleaned, transformed and cataloged

Used by managers and professionals for

Data mining,Online analytical processing,

Business analysis,Market research,Decision support

Data mart is subset of warehouse for specific use of department


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Data Warehouse

Source: Adapted courtesy of Hewlett-Packard.


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Data Mining

Data in data warehouse are analyzed to revealhidden patterns and trends

Examples:

Perform market-basket analysis to identify new

business processes Find root causes to quality problems Cross sell to existing customers Profile customers with more accuracy


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Traditional File Processing

Data stored in independent files

Problems: Data redundancy Lack of data integration Data dependence files, storage devices,

and software are dependent on each other Lack of data integrity or standardization


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Database Management Approach

Consolidate data into databases thatcan be accessed by different programs

Use a database management system(DBMS)

DBMS serves as interface betweenusers and databases


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Traditional File Processing


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Database Management Approach


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DBMS Major Functions


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Database Interrogation

End users use a DBMS by asking for information via aquery or a report generator

Query language immediate responses to ad hoc datarequests

SQL (Structured Query Language) an international standard querylanguage

Graphical Queries -- Point-and-click methods Natural Queries similar to conversational English

Report generator quickly specify a report format forinformation you want printed in a report


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Natural Language versus SQL


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Graphical Query


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Redes e telecomunicaes


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Network Concepts

Network

An interconnected chain, group or systemNumber of possible connections on a networkis N * (N-1)

Where N = number of nodes (points of connections onthe network) Example, if there are 10 computers on a network, there

are 10 * 9 = 90 possible connections


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Metcalfes Law

The usefulness of a network equals the square of thenumber of users

On a small network, a change in technology affectstechnology only

On a large network like the Internet, a change intechnology affects social, political and economicsystems


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Telecommunications

Exchange of

information in anyform (voice, data,

text, images, audio,video) over networks


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Using the Internet for business


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Business value of the Internet


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A evoluo da internet

Web 1.0 vsWeb 2.0 Comparao

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http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0http://blogs.voices.com/thebiz/web1vsweb2.pnghttp://blogs.voices.com/thebiz/web1vsweb2.pnghttp://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0


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An Intranet

A network inside an organization

That uses Internet technologies (such as Web browsersand servers, TCP/IP protocols, HTML, etc.)

To provide an Internet-like environment within theorganization

For information sharing, communications,collaboration and support of business processes

Protected by security measures Can be accessed by authorized users through the

Internet


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Extranet

Network links that use Internettechnologies

To connect the Intranet of abusiness

With the Intranets of its customers,suppliers or other business partners


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Extranet Uses


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Tipos de Redes

WAN LAN VPNs

Cliente-Servidor

Peer topeer Wireless

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Local Area Network (LAN)

Connect computers within a limited physicalarea such as an office, classroom, or building


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Client/Server Network


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Client/Server networks

Clients: End user personal computers or networkedcomputers

Interconnected by LANs

Servers: manage networks

Processing shared between clients and servers


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k


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Peer-to-Peer Network

P t t k


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Peer-to-peer networks

Networks that connect from one

PC to another PC

Common use is the downloadingand trading of files

Wi l T h l i


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Wireless Technologies

Cellular and PCS telephone and pager systems Divide the geographic area into small areas or cells Each cell has transmitter or radio relay antenna to send

message from one cell to another

Wireless LANs Radio signals within an office or building Connect PCs to networks

Bluetooth Short-range wireless technology To connect PC to peripherals such as printer

Wi l W b


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Wireless Web

Connect portable communicationsdevices to the Internet

C i ti P


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Communications Processors

N t k T l i


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Network Topologies

O S t


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Open Systems

Information systems that use common standards for hardware,software, applications and networks

Internet networking technologies are a common standard foropen systems

Connectivity:

Ability of networked computers to easily access and communicate with eachother and share information

Interoperability: The ability of an open system to enable end user applications to be

accomplished using different varieties of computer systems, softwarepackages, and databases provided by a variety of interconnected networks

Resumo


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HardwareComputadoresRedes

SoftwareSistemas operativos

AplicaesDados e Bases de Dados

Internet e aplicaes

Redes e telecomunicaesLocais distncia

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Resumo


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Cap. 2 - Tecnologias daInformao

Leituras

OBrien & Marakas, cap. 3, 4, 5e 6

Dvidas:[email protected]

Documents

Slides capitulo 2