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Supplementary Information SIJ. Braz. Chem. Soc., Vol. 26, No. 6, S1-S5, 2015.
Printed in Brazil - ©2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Química0103 - 5053 $6.00+0.00
*e-mail: [email protected]
Mapping Ethanol Production Sources in Brazil Through Stable Isotopes
Gilson C. Silva,a Marcelo Z. Moreira,b Arthur L. Scofield,a José M. O. Godoy,a,c Lilian F. Almeidaa and Angela L. R. Wagener*,a
aLaboratory of Marine and Environmental Studies (LABMAM), Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
bLaboratory of Isotope Ecology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo, 13400-970 Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
cLaboratory of Waters Characterization (LABAGUAS), Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
Plots of oxygen and hydrogen isotopic ratios from reference GNIP stations during El Niño and La Niña episodes as well as in regular periods are presented in Figure S1.
Statistical comparison of variances (F test) and means (t-test) of plant water analysis in Los Gatos DLT-100 and
Picarro L2130-I equipments are presented in Tables S1 and S2.
Graphic representation of ANOVA homogeneous groups of sugarcane δD and δ13C results is presented in Figure S1.
Mapping Ethanol Production Sources in Brazil Through Stable Isotopes J. Braz. Chem. Soc.S2
Figure S1. Evaluation of El Niño and La Niña events influence on isotope ratios of precipitation (NOAA1). SPA was not evaluated due to lack of data.
Silva et al. S3Vol. 26, No. 6, 2015
Table S1. Significance tests2 for δ18O obtained through OA-ICOS and WS-CRDS
Sampling information δ18O WS-CRDS (Picarro) δ18O OA-ICOS (Los Gatos) Significance test
Location Sugar variety Campaign Mean / ‰ n SD / ‰ Mean / ‰ n SD / ‰ F2,3 t calc df
AM RB 835486 Nov-2012 –1.96 4 0.05 –2.16 3 0.22 20.40 1.51 2
SP 813250 Oct-2012 –3.04 4 0.06 –3.33 3 0.19 10.27 1.71 5
SP 791011 Oct-2012 –2.36 4 0.02 –2.64 3 0.23 151.90 2.10 2
RB 835486 Oct-2012 –1.98 4 0.05 –1.90 3 0.33 51.01 –0.39 2
MS RB 867515 Jul-2012 –7.70 4 0.02 –8.47 3 0.74 1348.72 1.81 2
RB 867515 Jul-2012 –5.48 4 0.06 –5.62 3 0.22 12.91 0.76 5
P5 828064 Jul-2012 –8.35 4 0.07 –8.66 3 0.22 10.07 1.59 5
RB 928064 Jul-2012 –6.95 4 0.03 –6.81 3 0.19 35.13 –1.25 2
RB 835486 Jul-2012 –7.83 4 0.02 –8.62 3 0.26 262.33 5.22 2
RB 92570 Jul-2012 –7.71 4 0.05 –8.05 3 0.26 25.63 2.21 2
RB 928064 Oct-2012 –1.52 4 0.03 –1.54 3 0.44 259.02 0.09 2
RB 791011 Oct-2012 –7.54 4 0.03 –7.39 3 0.20 38.80 –1.31 2
RB 867515 Oct-2012 –1.45 4 0.06 –1.65 3 0.40 49.42 0.84 2
RB 867515 Oct-2012 –4.89 2 0.25 –7.14 3 0.16 0.42* 10.51 3
SPA SP 813250 Aug-2012 –3.03 4 0.05 –2.45 3 0.15 9.22 –4.37 5
RB 867515 Aug-2012 –4.11 4 0.05 –3.97 3 0.14 7.65 –1.08 5
RB 855456 Aug-2012 –1.06 4 0.05 –2.48 3 0.09 3.75 15.48 5
RS RB 855156 Jul-2012 –2.84 4 0.02 –4.11 3 0.16 50.34 13.60 2
RB 867515 Jul-2012 –3.54 4 0.07 –3.19 3 0.21 9.77 –1.92 5
SP 813250 Jul-2012 –3.75 4 0.03 –3.43 3 0.24 86.40 –2.31 2
SP 813250 Oct-2012 –2.26 4 0.07 –2.17 3 0.23 9.50 –0.42 5
RB 855156 Oct-2012 –4.82 4 0.04 –4.73 3 0.28 41.47 –0.58 2
RB 867515 Oct-2012 –6.33 4 0.06 –6.65 3 0.23 14.64 2.38 2
SD: standard deviation; df: degrees of freedom; F test = SD12/SD2
2 ; Fcrit2,3 = 16.04; (*) Fcrit2,1 = 799.5; values in bold refer to SD not significantly different based on F test; tcalc: blue = not statistically different in a significant level of 0.05; yellow = not statistically different in a significant level of 0.02; red: statistically different.
Mapping Ethanol Production Sources in Brazil Through Stable Isotopes J. Braz. Chem. Soc.S4
Table S2. Significance tests2 for δD obtained through OA-ICOS and WS-CRDS
Sampling information δD WS-CRDS (Picarro) δD OA-ICOS (Los Gatos) Significance test
Location Sugar variety Campaign Mean / ‰ n SD / ‰ Mean / ‰ n SD / ‰ F2,3 t calc df
AM
RB 835486 Nov-2012 –12.78 4 0.15 –14.34 3 1.65 124.59 1.64 2
SP 813250 Oct-2012 –18.69 4 0.20 –22.03 3 1.06 29.25 5.37 2
SP 791011 Oct-2012 –14.45 4 0.13 –17.53 3 1.60 152.71 3.33 2
RB 835486 Oct-2012 –12.79 4 0.22 –14.21 3 2.01 80.13 1.22 2
MS
RB 867515 Jul-2012 –51.62 4 0.44 –55.70 3 2.79 41.11 2.51 2
RB 867515 Jul-2012 –45.85 4 0.21 –48.78 3 2.03 97.95 2.49 2
P5 828064 Jul-2012 –65.13 4 0.12 –66.63 3 1.65 182.64 1.57 2
RB 928064 Jul-2012 –52.97 4 0.04 –55.20 3 2.18 3676.43 1.77 2
RB 835486 Jul-2012 –64.57 4 0.16 –67.42 3 1.07 44.82 4.60 2
RB 92570 Jul-2012 –59.50 4 0.12 –61.60 3 0.96 62.90 3.75 2
RB 928064 Oct-2012 –19.19 4 0.60 –20.32 3 3.59 35.84 0.54 2
RB 791011 Oct-2012 –59.11 4 0.18 –61.56 3 0.70 14.27 4.04 5
RB 867515 Oct-2012 –9.14 4 0.21 –12.27 3 1.36 40.31 3.95 2
RB 867515 Oct-2012 –45.42 2 0.45 –52.67 3 1.34 8.98 5.89 3
SPA
SP 813250 Aug-2012 –19.70 4 0.33 –19.95 3 1.01 9.36 0.28 5
RB 867515 Aug-2012 –24.99 4 0.20 –27.53 3 1.65 65.27 2.65 2
RB 855456 Aug-2012 –16.90 4 0.27 –22.98 3 1.23 21.51 8.41 2
RS
RB 855156 Jul-2012 –22.97 4 0.09 –29.52 3 1.46 295.05 7.74 2
RB 867515 Jul-2012 –18.39 4 0.26 –21.66 3 0.76 8.32 4.78 5
SP 813250 Jul-2012 –19.48 4 0.23 –22.08 3 1.20 27.68 3.70 2
SP 813250 Oct-2012 –7.94 4 0.24 –8.81 3 1.35 30.80 1.11 2
RB 855156 Oct-2012 –30.44 4 0.10 –31.89 3 2.02 392.59 1.24 2
RB 867515 Oct-2012 –45.84 4 0.14 –47.87 3 0.91 41.69 3.83 2
SD: standard deviation; df: degrees of freedom; F test = SD12/SD2
2 ; Fcrit2,3 = 16.04; (*) Fcrit2,1 = 799.5; values in bold refer to SD not significantly different based on F test; tcalc: blue = not statistically different in a significant level of 0.05; yellow = not statistically different in a significant level of 0.02; red: statistically different.
Silva et al. S5Vol. 26, No. 6, 2015
Figure S2. Graphic representation of ANOVA homogeneous groups obtained for 21 ethanol samples collected in four geographical regions of Brazil.
References
1. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Weather Service/Climate Prediction Center Internet Team. Cold &
Warm Episodes by Season, available at http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.shtml, page last
modified: February 7, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014.
2. Miller, J. C.; Miller, J. N.; Statistics for Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Halsted Pressl: New York, 1989.
