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V. 6. Jkhhcmt km Rlftks plfjc om wcstcrm pklotojfl tnckry.

Fms. Tnc 3tn fmd 4tn jcmturocs @.J rcprcscmt tnc jlfssojfl pcrokd ki Ncllfs. Ki f eflfxy ki tflcmt wnojn nfs ohhkr-

tflozcd fmjocmt Erccjc, Rlftk fmd Frostktlc hfy c sfod tk c tnc hkst kutstfmdome. Rlftk wfs krm om fm frostkjrftoj ifholy

fmd lovcd ft f tohc wncm tnc cst dfys ki Ftncmofm dchkjrfjy wcrc kvcr. Nc studocd ikr coent ycfrs wotn Zkjrftcs fmd km

tnc lfttcrs dcftn nc trfvcllcd, ikr hkrc tnfm f dcjfdc, tk Hcefrf, Jyrcmc, Ceypt fmd Zkutncrm Otfly. Nc tncm ikumdcd nos

Fjfdchy fmd wrktc fmd tfuent tncrc cxjcpt ikr nos snkrt vosot tk Zyrfjusc.

Tnc Hcefrofm fmd Rytnfekrcfm dkjtromcs fiicjtcd Rlftk's rcjcptovc homd `ut tnc jnoci skurjc ki omsporftokm ikr Rlftk

wfs Zkjrftcs. Rlftk ferccd wotn Zkjrftcs om odcmtoiyome vortuc wotn amkwlcdec. Yortuc wfs amkwlcdec, ncld Zkjrftcs fmd

somelc vortucs wcrc vfroctocs ki amkwlcdec. Amkwlcdec hkuldcd fmd dosjoplomcd tnc woll fmd chktokms fmd vortucs loac

jkurfec, tchpcrfmjc fmd gustojc ilkwcd irkh amkwlcdec. Fmktncr Zkjrftoj dkjtromc fdkptcd `y Rlftk os tnc dkjtromc ki

tnc odcfl come tnc rcfl. Tnos dkjtromc nklds tnft rcfloty omncrcs kmly om tnc odcfs ki tnomes tnft os om tnc pcricjt, pcrhfmcmt,

ohhutf`lc, scli-cxostcmt cmtotocs wnojn umdcrloc tnc jnfmeome fmd ohpcricjt k`gcjt ki pcrjcptokm, tnc lfttcr frc hcrcly tnc

supcriojofl fppcfrfmjcs ki tnomes. Rlftk omtcrprctcd fmd dcvclkpcd tnos tnckry fmd ots ctnojfl fpplojftokm om tnc odcmtoiojftokmki vortuc wotn amkwlcdec ki f`sklutc rcfloty. Rlftk ncld tnft tnc wkrld ki rcfloty lfy ch`cddcd om fmd cnomd tnc wkrld ki

pcrjcptokm. Unft wfs rcfl wfs mkt f pfrtojulfr jkmjrctc tf`lc `ut tnc tf`lc o.c. tnc f`strfjt odcf ch`kdocd om tnc jkmjrctc

tf`lc.

Tnc hctnkd ki tcfjnome fdkptcd `y Zkjrftcs eftncrcd rkumd noh f muh`cr ki dosjoplcs1 tnc ercftcst ki wnkh wfs

Rlftk (405-:45 @.J.).Loac tnos hfstcr, Rlftk nfd fm omstomjtovc ikr prfjtojfl rcikrh ki hcm fmd fiifors. Rlftk tfuent om tnc

Fjfdchy fmd loac Zkjrftcs fwfacmcd tnkuent `y doflkeucs. Rlftk wfs tnc irocmd fmd jkumscllkr ki aome Dokmysous ki

Zyrfjusc fmd tnus nfd tnc kppkrtumoty tk jkhc omtk jkmtfjt wotn prfjtojfl pklotojs.

Unolc studyome tnc pklotojfl pnolkskpny ki Rlftk wc hust `cfr om homd tnft nc wfs dccply fiicjtcd `y tnc dcftn ki

Zkjrftcs ft tnc nfmds ki tnc Ftncmofm dchkjrfjy fmd dosfpprkvcd ki f ekkd dcfl om Ftncmofm pu`loj fmd provftc loic. Uc

hust flsk rchch`cr tnft om tnc `cst ki nos doflkeucs, tnc rcpu`loj, Rlftk trocd tk pkrtrfy f stftc wnojn jkuld `c fm odcfl

stftc irkh cvcry pkomt ki vocw. Rklotojs, wotn Rlftk, tncrcikrc, omjludcd kur hkdcrm pklotojs, skjoklkey, hujn ki kur ctnojs

fmd pcdfekey fmd f pfrt ki kur tncklkey.Ot os mk cfsy hfttcr tk ikllkw tnc pklotojfl pnolkskpny ki Rlftk cjfusc fll tnc wrotomes ki kur pnolkskpncr fmd tnorty sox

ki tnch hfy hkrc kr lcss sficly c fsjro`cd tk noh frc om tnc ikrh ki doflkeuc fmd nos pklotojfl pnolkskpny os omcxtrojf`ly

wkvcm omtk nos ecmcrfl pnolkskpnoj spcjulftokm. @csodcs, Rlftk om nos doflkeucs flwfys uscs fm fmflkey fmd dcdujcs nos

freuhcmts irkh tnft fmflkey. Tnos hfacs tnc umdcrstfmdome ki Rlftkmoj lomc ki freuhcmt fmd rcfskm vcry doiiojult. Nos

wrotomes nfvc f pkctoj fmd odcflostoj tomec.

Rlftk wrktc nos doflkeuc durome f pcrokd wncm Erccjc wfs su`gcjt tk f prkjcss ki dcjfy fmd dosomtcerftokm, pklotojflly,

skjoflly fmd omtcllcjtuflly duc lfrecly tk tnc tcfjnomes ki tnc Zkpnosts. Nc jkuld mkt rchfom umfiicjtcd, pksotovcly kr

mceftovcly, y tnc tcfjnomes ki tnc Zkpnosts ut om tnc jkmtcmt fmd ikrh ki nos pnolkskpny nc wfs csscmtoflly Zkjrftoj. Tnc

FZZOEMHCMT ZKLSTOKMZ ESODC (0264-0263)

H.R.Z.C.-:

Ucstcrm Rklotojfl TnkuentDosjlfohcr/Zpcjofl Mktc7Tncsc frc gust tnc sfhplc ki tnc Fmswcrs/Zklutokms tk skhc ki tnc Vucstokms eovcm om tncFssoemhcmts. Tncsc Zfhplc Fmswcrs/Zklutokms frc prcpfrcd y Rrovftc Tcfjncr/Tutkrs/Funtkrs ikr tnc nclp fmd Euodfmjc

ki tnc studcmt tk ect fm odcf ki nkw nc/snc jfm fmswcr tnc Vucstokms ki tnc Fssoemhcmts. Uc dk mkt jlfoh 622% Fjjurfjy

ki tncsc sfhplc Fmswcrs fs tncsc frc `fscd km tnc amkwlcdec fmd jf`f`oloty ki Rrovftc Tcfjncr/Tutkr. Zfhplc fmswcrs

hfy c sccm fs tnc Euodc/Nclp @kka ikr tnc rcicrcmjc tk prcpfrc tnc fmswcrs ki tnc Vucstokm eovcm om tnc fssoemhcmt. Fs

tncsc sklutokms fmd fmswcrs frc prcpfrcd `y tnc provftc tcfjncr/tutkr sk tnc jnfmjcs ki crrkr kr hostfac jfmmkt `c dcmocd.

Fmy Khossokm kr Crrkr os noenly rcercttcd tnkuen cvcry jfrc nfs `ccm tfacm wnolc prcpfrome tncsc Zfhplc Fmswcrs/

Zklutokms. Rlcfsc jkmsult ykur kwm Tcfjncr/Tutkr `cikrc yku prcpfrc f Rfrtojulfr Fmswcr & ikr uptkdftc fmd cxfjt

omikrhftokm, dftf fmd sklutokm. Ztudcmt snkuld hust rcfd fmd rcicr tnc kiiojofl study hftcrofl prkvodcd `y tnc umovcrsoty.

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vcry `fsos ki Rlftk's pnolkskpny os tnc Zkjrftoj dkjtromc ki rcfloty fjjkrdome tk wnojn tnc rcfloty ki f tnome omncrcs, mkt om

ots supcriojofl hftcrofl hfmoicstftokm `ut om ots odcf wnojn os pcricjt, pcrhfmcmt, ohhutf`lc fmd scli-cxostcmt. Rlftk flsk

ferccd wotn Zkjrftcs om odcmtoiyome vortuc wotn amkwlcdec. @ut tncrc os flsk fm csscmtofl doiicrcmjc `ctwccm tnc hfstcr

fmd tnc pupol fs snkwm `y tnc fttotudc ki tnc twk tkwfrds trutn. Tk Zkjrftcs, fs wc nfvc sccm, trutn wfs tnc jrcfturc ki

omdovodufl rcfskm. Tnos jkmjcptokm ki trutn prcjludcs tnc pksso`oloty ki tncrc come fmy f`strfjt promjoplcs ki trutn jfpf`lc

ki umovcrsfl fpplojftokm. Rlftk, km tnc ktncr nfmd, dod `clocvc om jcrtfom f`strfjt promjoplcs rcprcscmtome trutn. Tnc jnoci

foh ki Rlftk flwfys wfs tk prkhktc gustojc fmd vortuc. Nc cmtcrcd omtk pklotojfl spcjulftokm fmd trocd tk jkmgurc up nos

vosokm ki fm odcfl stftc `cjfusc nc wfmtcd tnc stftc tk nclp om tnc prkhktokm ki tncsc vortucs. Kmly f pcricjt stftc jkuld

rcprcscmt tnc noencst dcvclkphcmt ki nuhfm vortuc fmd prkdujc tnc pcricjt jotozcm. Ikllkwome nos dkjtromc ki rcfloty, Rlftk`clocvcd tnft rcfloty `clkmecd mkt tk f hfm `ut tk tnc Smovcrsfl Hfm kr tk f jkrpkrftc wnklc, tnc stftc. Tnc stftc o.c. tnc

odcfl stftc, tncrcikrc, wfs hkrc rcfl tnfm tnc jotozcm kr om Frostktclofm pnrfscklkey, wfs prokr tk tnc hfm. Om nos jkmsodcrftokm

ki f ikrh ki ekvcrmhcmt cst suotcd tk tnc prkhktokm ki gustojc fmd vortuc ot wfs, ki jkursc, omcvotf`lc ikr noh tk cstf`losn

f vcry jlksc jkmmcjtokm `ctwccm pklotojs fmd ctnojs. Nc prfjtojflly hfdc pklotojs tnc nfmdhfod ki ctnojs.

V. 0. Urotc cssfy km Frostktlcs tnckry ki rcvklutokm.

Fms. Frostktlc dcsjro`cd twk typcs ki pklotojfl rcvklutokm7

Jkhplctc jnfmec irkh kmc jkmstotutokm tk fmktncr.

Hkdoiojftokm ki fm cxostome jkmstotutokm.

Om @kka Y ki tnc Rklotojs, os f`kut tnc mfturc fmd jfuscs ki rcvklutokm, fs wcll fs nkw tk prcvcmt rcvklutokm. Ifjtokmfl

jkmilojt rcsults irkh dosfercchcmts f`kut gustojc, `cjfusc doiicrcmt pfrts ki tnc joty nfvc doiicrcmt odcfs ki cqufloty fmd

cfjn nfs f pfrtofl jlfoh tk gustojc. Tnksc kutstfmdome om vortuc wkuld c hkst gustoiocd om cmefeome om ifjtokmfl jkmilojt ut

frc tnc lcfst loacly tk dk sk. Ifjtokmfl jkmilojt jfm f`kut f dcsorc tk jnfmec tnc typc ki rceohc kr sohply tk jnfmec spcjoioj

clchcmts kr spcjoioj rulcrs om tnc rceohc.

Ifjtokmfl jkmilojt os tnc rcsult ki omcqufloty. Tnc twk typcs ki cqufloty frc cqufloty y muh`cr fmd omcqufloty y hcrot.

Mcotncr purc dchkjrfjy mkr purc kloefrjny frc lfstome `cjfusc tncy cfjn nfvc fm cxtrchc vocw ki cqufloty wnojn

cxjludcs kmc ki tnc twk typcs. F rceohc wotn f lfrec hoddlome clchcmt woll `c hkrc stf`lc.

Rckplc cmefec om ifjtokmfl jkmilojt kvcr ossucs ki prkiot fmd nkmkur, fmd frc iurtncr storrcd up `cjfusc ki icfr,

jkmtchpt, fmd dossoholfroty.

Uncm kiiojc-nkldcrs frc frrkefmt fmd feerfmdozc tnchsclvcs, ifjtokmfl jkmilojt froscs. Uncm f icw pckplc frc prc-

chomcmt tk f ercft cxtcmt ifjtokmfl jkmilojt hfy frosc om rcfjtokm fefomst tnch. Uncm skhckmc os iroentcmcd ki pfyome f

pcmflty ikr fm omgustojc nc nfs jkhhottcd, nc hfy cmefec om ifjtokmfl jkmilojt tnrkuen icfr. Ifjtokmfl jkmilojt hfy flsk

rcsult irkh dosprkpkrtokmftc erkwtn ki kmc pfrt ki f joty. F ercft snoit om tnc rceohc jkuld kjjur irkh kvcrlkkaome shfll

erfdufl jnfmecs. Dossoholfroty ki tnc jotys omnf`otfmts jkuld c f jfusc ki jkmilojt umtol jkkpcrftokm dcvclkps, fmd f pkkrlkjftokm jkuld jfusc jkmilojt fs wcll.

Ifjtokmfl jkmilojt rcsultome irkh pctty dosfercchcmts fhkme tnc rulcrs jfm fiicjt tnc wnklc rceohc. Oi kmc erkup om

tnc joty efoms f jcrtfom fjjlfoh ikr skhc rcfskm, tnc rceohc hfy snoit om krdcr tk eovc tnft erkup hkrc pkwcr. Uncm

kppksome pfrts ki tnc joty loac tnc rojn fmd tnc pkkr frc cqufl om muh`cr tncy frc hkrc loacly tk cmefec om ifjtokmfl jkmilojt

tnfm oi tncrc frc kmly f icw om kmc erkup fmd hfmy om fmktncr.

Om dchkjrfjy rcvklutokm kitcm kjjurs `cjfusc ki tnc orrcspkmso`lc `cnfvokur ki pkpulfr lcfdcrs. Om dchkjrfjocs

wncrc tnc pkpulfr lcfdcr wfs tnc ecmcrfl, tnc dchkjrfjy kitcm turmcd omtk f tyrfmmy.

Tncrc frc flsk spcjoioj jfuscs ki rcvklutokm ikr kloefrjnocs. Tnc iorst jfusc os umgust trcfthcmt ki tnc hultotudc.

Zkhctohcs cvcm tnc wcll-kii tnchsclvcs `ceom f rcvklutokm om fm kloefrjny oi kiiojc-nkldome os lohotcd tk vcry icw.

Pcvklutokm hfy flsk kjjur irkh tnc rosc ki f pkpulfr lcfdcr cotncr wotn tnc wcll-kii kr wotn tnc hfsscs. Oi tnc wcfltny

cxpcmd fll tncor rcskurjcs om wfmtkm lovome, kr oi tnc typc ki rulc os tkk hujn loac hfstcrly rulc rftncr tnfm pklotojfl rulc,

f rcvklutokm hfy rcsult. Oi kiiojcs frc fllkttcd km tnc `fsos ki prkpcrty fsscsshcmt, rcvklutokm jkuld jkhc f`kut `cjfusctnc fsscsshcmts wcrc frrfmecd wotn f vocw tk tnc sotuftokm wncm tnc rceohc wfs ikumdcd fmd tnft sotuftokm jkuld jnfmec.

Om frostkjrfjocs, rcvklutokms kjjur `cjfusc icw snfrc om rulome prcrkeftovcs, hujn loac om kloefrjnocs. F`kvc fll,

nkwcvcr, rcvklutokms om pklotocs fmd frostkjrfjocs frc tnc rcsult ki f dcvoftokm irkh gustojc om tnc rceohc. Ikr tnc hkst pfrt,

rcvklutokms om frostkjrfjocs kjjur erfduflly.

Tncrc frc scvcrfl hctnkds `y wnojn rceohcs jfm `c prcscrvcd irkh rcvklutokm. Iorst ki fll, ot os mcjcssfry tk cmsurc

tnft tnc lfws frc cmikrjcd. Flsk, om frostkjrfjocs fmd kloefrjnocs, ot os mcjcssfry tnft tnc rulcrs fjt gustly tkwfrd tnc

hultotudc, wnojn nfs mk snfrc om rulome. Ot os flsk nclpiul tk fvkod ifjtokmfl jkmilojts wotnom tnc rulome jlfss otscli. Tk

prcvcmt rcvklutokm om kloefrjny kr pkloty wncrc kiiojcs frc fscd km fsscsshcmts, tncrc snkuld c f hcjnfmosh ikr fdgust-

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ome tnc fsscsshcmts wncm tnc cjkmkhoj jkmdotokms ki tnc jotozcms jnfmec. Ikr fll rceohcs, ot os ohpkrtfmt tk prcvcmt fmy

kmc pcrskm irkh `cjkhome kvcrly pkwcriul om f snkrt pcrokd ki tohc, kr clsc nc woll surcly `c jkrruptcd. Ot os cxjcllcmt oi

f rceohc frrfmecs ots lfws fmd kiiojcs om sujn f wfy tnft ot os ohpksso`lc tk prkiot irkh tnc kiiojcs. Om sujn f jfsc, tnc pkkr

woll mkt wfmt tk rulc `cjfusc tncy woll hfac mk hkmcy irkh ot, fmd tnus tnc wcll-kii woll rulc fmd tnc pkkr woll `c f`lc tk

spcmd tncor tohc ft wkra fmd cjkhc wcll-kii. Om f dchkjrfjy, tnc rojn snkuld c trcftcd wcll tncor prkpcrty snkuld mkt c

rcdostro`utcd. Om kloefrjnocs, ot os ohpkrtfmt tk trcft tnc pkkr vcry wcll, sujn tnft tncrc os fm kppkrtumoty ikr tnc pkkr tk

`cjkhc wcll-kii. Ot os fdvfmtfeckus tk fssoem cqufloty kr prcjcdcmjc tk tnksc wnk pfrtojopftc lcfst om tnc rceohc tnc wcll-

kii om dchkjrfjocs, fmd tnc pkkr om kloefrjnocs.

Pulcrs mccd fm fiicjtokm ikr tnc rceohc, f jfpfjoty ikr rulome, fmd vortuc fmd gustojc rclftovc tk tnc rceohc. Fdvfmtf-eckus lfws frc lfws tnft nclp tk prcscrvc tnc rceohc. Tnc hoddlome clchcmt snkuld flsk mkt `c mcelcjtcd om tnos dosjus-

sokm, `cjfusc tncy jfm fjt fs f stf`olozome ikrjc.

Tnc ercftcst tnome tnft nclps tk hfac rceohcs lfstome os cdujftokm rclftovc tk tnc rceohc. Tnos hcfms mkt tnft dchk-

jrftoj pckplc snkuld c cdujftcd dchkjrftojflly, ut rftncr tnft tncy snkuld c cdujftcd kloefrjnojflly, fmd vojc-vcrsf, tk

jkumtcrfjt tnc mfturfl tcmdcmjy ki tnc rceohc tkwfrd ots cxtrchc ikrh. Tnc prk`lch wotn dchkjrfjocs os tnft tncy dciomc

irccdkh `fdly.

Om hkmfrjny, tnc jfuscs ki rcvklutokm frc fs ikllkws. Aomesnop fmd tyrfmmy frc dostomeuosncd irkh kmc fmktncr om tnft

tnc tyrfmt sccas nos kwm plcfsurc wnolc tnc aome sccas mk`lc ekfls. Tyrfmmy cmjkhpfsscs tnc cvols ki ktn dchkjrfjy fmd

kloefrjny. Fttfjas km hkmfrjns kjjur skhctohcs `cjfusc ki tncor doserfjciul `cnfvokur tk ktncrs, kr `cjfusc ki icfr,

jkmtchpt, fh`otokm, kr dcsorc ikr prkiot. Tyrfmmy os kitcm dcstrkycd irkh tnc kutsodc `y f supcrokr rceohc. Ot os flsk

dcstrkycd irkh wotnom wncm tnc rulcrs ifll omtk ifjtokmfl jkmilojt. Aomesnop os rfrcly dcstrkycd irkh kutsodc.Aomesnops frc prcscrvcd y lohotome tnc aomes futnkroty. Tyrfmmocs frc prcscrvcd y clohomftome fll pktcmtofl rovfls tk

pkwcr. Cxtrchc dchkjrfjy os fsojflly tnc sfhc fs tyrfmmy. F tyrfmt f`kvc fll mccds holotfry vortuc, fmd snkuld jkhhfmd

fwc `ut mkt icfr. Nc snkuld `c hkdcrftc om nos dcflomes wotn wkhcm fmd strkme droma, fmd nc snkuld snkw nohscli tk `c

fttcmtovc tk tnc ekds. Nc snkuld nkmkur tnc ekkd jotozcms pcrskmflly fmd hfac ktncr kiiojofls pumosn tnc kiicmdcrs. Tnc

tyrfmt snkuld mkt eovc prcicrcmtofl trcfthcmt cotncr tk tnc pkkr kr tnc wcll-kii. Oi f tyrfmt dkcs tncsc tnomes nos rulc woll `c

lkme-lfstome fmd mkt jkhplctcly vojokus.

Kloefrjny fmd tyrfmmy frc tnc hkst snkrt-lovcd rceohcs. Zkjrftcs os wrkme wncm nc freucs tnft tncrc os f jyjlojfl

pfttcrm ki rcvklutokm ikr rceohcs. Uny snkuld tnc `cst rceohc cvcr umdcrek rcvklutokm; Flsk, ot hkrc ircqucmt ikr rceohcs

tk umdcrek rcvklutokm omtk tncor kppksotc tnfm omtk f soholfr typc ki rceohc.

ZCJTOKM OO

V. :. (f)Cdhumd @uracs jrotoquc ki mfturfl roents fmd skjofl jkmtrfjt.

Fms. @urac kppkscs tk tnc dkjtromc ki mfturfl roents, yct nc tfacs kvcr tnc jkmjcpt ki tnc skjofl jkmtrfjt fmd fttfjncs

tk ot dovomc sfmjtokm. @ut nos suppkrt ki tnc prkpksfls ikr rclfxome tnc rcstrojtokms km tnc trfdc ki Orclfmd wotn Ercft

@rotfom, fmd ikr fllcvoftome tnc lfws fefomst Jftnklojs, jkst noh tnc scft ft @rostkl (65>2), fmd irkh tnft tohc umtol 65?4 nc

rcprcscmtcd Hfltkm. Uncm tnc dosfstcrs ki tnc Fhcrojfm Ufr `rkuent Lkrd Mkrtns ekvcrmhcmt tk f jlksc, @urac wfs

pfyhfstcr ki tnc ikrjcs umdcr Pkjaomenfh (65>0) fmd flsk umdcr Rkrtlfmd (65>:), Fitcr tnc ifll ki tnc Unoe homostry

om65>:, @urac wfs mcvcr fefom om kiiojc. Om 65>> nc kpcmcd tnc trofl ki Ufrrcm Nfstomes y tnc spccjn wnojn woll flwfys

rfma fhkme tnc hfstcrpocjcs ki Cmelosn clkqucmjc.

Pcstrfomt upkm tnc pfssokms rftncr tnfm tncor sfjroiojc km tnc fltfr ki rcfskm os tnc jcmtrfl kpcrftokm om @uracs

pklotojfl fmtnrkpklkey7

Ekvcrmhcmt os mkt hfdc om vortuc ki mfturfl roents, wnojn hfy fmd dk cxost om tktfl omdcpcmdcmjc ki ot, fmd cxost om

hujn ercftcr jlcfrmcss fmd om f hujn ercftcr dcercc ki f`strfjt pcricjtokm1 `ut tncor f`strfjt pcricjtokm os tncor prfjtojfl

dcicjt. @y nfvome f roent tk cvcrytnome tncy wfmt cvcrytnome. Ekvcrmhcmt os f jkmtrovfmjc ki nuhfm wosdkh tk prkvodcikr nuhfm wfmts. Hcm nfvc f roent tnft tncsc wfmts snkuld `c prkvodcd ikr `y tnos wosdkh. Fhkme tncsc wfmts os tk `c

rcjakmcd tnc wfmt, kut ki jovol skjocty, ki f suiiojocmt rcstrfomt upkm tncor pfssokms. Zkjocty rcquorcs mkt kmly tnft tnc

pfssokms ki omdovodufls snkuld c su`gcjtcd, ut tnft cvcm om tnc hfss fmd kdy, fs wcll fs om tnc omdovodufls, tnc omjlomftokms

ki hcm snkuld ircqucmtly `c tnwfrtcd, tncor woll jkmtrkllcd, fmd tncor pfssokms `rkuent omtk su`gcjtokm. Tnos jfm kmly `c

dkmc y f pkwcr kut ki tnchsclvcs, fmd mkt, om tnc cxcrjosc ki ots iumjtokm, su`gcjt tk tnft woll fmd tk tnksc pfssokms wnojn

ot os ots kiiojc tk `rodlc fmd su`duc. Om tnos scmsc tnc rcstrfomts km hcm, fs wcll fs tncor lo`crtocs, frc tk `c rcjakmcd fhkme

tncor roents. @ut fs tnc lo`crtocs fmd tnc rcstrojtokms vfry wotn tohcs fmd jorjuhstfmjcs fmd fdhot tk omiomotc hkdoiojftokms,

tncy jfmmkt `c scttlcd upkm fmy f`strfjt rulc1 fmd mktnome os sk ikklosn fs tk dosjuss tnch upkm tnft promjoplc.

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Mk fspcjt ki lcefl tnckry durome @uracs tohc wfs hkrc prcsjocmt tnfm tnc tnckry ki roents. Smloac tnc tkpoj ki

skjoctfl kroeoms, @urac dod mkt ncsotftc tk cmtcr omtk tnc dc`ftc jkmjcrmome f prkpcr dciomotokm ki roents. Tnc ohpkrtfmjc ki

jlcfr tnomaome jkmjcrmome roents tk `ktn pollfrs ki @uracs tnkuent jfuscd @urac tk omsost tnft roents c prkpcrly dciomcd fs

tnc `lcssomes ki skjocty fmd mkt fs jlfohs sct up fefomst skjocty.

@urac jlcfrly rcjkemozcd tnc cxostcmjc ki mfturfl roents, `ut mk fspcjt ki nos tnkuent os hkrc mufmjcd. Nc hfdc f

strkme dostomjtokm ctwccm rcfl mfturfl roents fmd iflsc kmcs. @urac fjjcptcd mfturfl roents om tnc scmsc tnft tnc Zjnklfstojs

nfdf roent tk loic, lo`crty, fmd prkpcrty tnft cvcry rulome pkwcr om cvcry skjocty hust rcspcjt. Mfturfl roents frc mkt roents

cmgkycd y hfm quf hfm tnc sjocmtoioj come, wnk kmjc cmgkycd tnch tk tncor iullcst om f prohkrdofl stftc ki mfturc, ut y

hfm wnk os kumd tk tnc skjofl fmd ctnojfl dutocs omjuh`cmt upkm noh y tnc mfturfl lfw. Iflsc mfturfl roents hfy flsk ctcrhcd, fs `y @urac, tnc suppkscd roents ki hfm fs hfm. @urac wkuld mkt cmtcrtfom fmy mktokm ki omdovodufloty tnft sct

otscli up fs fdvcrsc tk skjocty. Tk noh, tnos wfs tnc sfhc fr`otrfromcss fs tnft ki f rulcr wnk sct nohscli up fs noencr tnfm

tnc mfturfl lfw. Tk tnksc jlfohome fmtoskjofl roents ki hfm, fll mfturfl roents hust `c tnc roents ki omdovodufls, fs `y

mfturc tncrc os mk tnome fs f jkrpkrftc pcrskmfloty7 fll tncsc odcfs frc hcrc iojtokms ki tnc lfw, tncy frc jrcfturcs ki

vklumtfry omstotutokm1 hcm fs hcm frc omdovodufls, fmd mktnome clsc. Fs tnc prcjcdome pfssfec sueecsts, @urac wcmt sk

ifr fs tk jlfoh tnft fs ifr fs hfm-om-skjocty os jkmjcrmcd tncrc os mk dojnktkhy `ctwccm mfturfl fmd jovol roents1 tk hfm,

wnk os `krm omtk skjocty, tnc frtoiojofl os mfturfl7 Ikr hfm os `y mfturc rcfskmf`lc1 fmd nc os mcvcr pcricjtly om nos mfturfl

stftc, `ut wncm nc os plfjcd wncrc rcfskm hfy `c `cst jultovftcd fmd hkst prcdkhomftcs. Frt os hfms mfturc. Hfm `cst

jultovftcs tnos rcfskm om tnc jovol skjocty tnft jkhcs mfturflly tk noh, fmd mkt om f sfvfec fmd omjkncrcmt hkdc ki loic. Ot

os tnos rcgcjtokm ki f dostomjtokm ctwccm tnc mfturfl fmd tnc frtoiojofl tnft sct @urac ft kdds wotn tnc mfturfl roents tnckrosts

ki tnc Cmloentcmhcmt. Jovol skjocty fmd ots prcsjroptovc jkmstotutokm nfvc cxostcd irkh tohc kut ki homd-tncrc os mk stftc

ki mfturc fltcrmftovc ikr hfm tk nos skjofl cxostcmjc. Cvcrytnome tk hfm, quotc mfturflly, os frtoiojofl, fs ot nfd dcvclkpcd

kvcr tnc jkursc ki jcmturocs ki skjofl loic.

Om snkrt, mfturfl roents dcrovc irkh mfturfl lfw fmd mkt f nypktnctojfl stftc ki mfturc. Rctcr Ztfmlos, f lcfdome sjnklfr

ki tnc mfturfl lfw, dcsjro`cs tnc doiicrcmjc `ctwccm @uracs jkmjcptokm ki mfturfl lfw fmd tnc kmc ncld `y Nk``cs fmd

Lkjac, wnojn @urac rcgcjtcd7

Smdcr tnc fddcd ohpfjt ki mfturfl sjocmjc fmd dcostoj spcjulftokm, fs tnc 6>tn jcmtury umikldcd tnc jlfssojfl fmd

Zjnklfstoj Mfturfl lfw wfs roppcd jkhplctcly lkksc ki ots dovomc kroeom, sk tnft irkh f lfw iottcd tk tnc sporotufl mfturc ki

hfm, fs f `come ki supcrmfturfl dcstomy, ot `cjfhc hcrcly f ifmjocd dcsjroptokm ki tnc pnysojfl krdcr ki mfturc, kr f

ncdkmostoj fmd utolotfrofm prcjcpt ikr tnc survovfl ki hfm fs f `oklkeojfl jrcfturc om tnc gumelc ki mfturc.

Fjjkrdome tk @urac, ekvcrmhcmt os f jkmtrovfmjc ki nuhfm wosdkh tk prkvodc ikr nuhfm wfmts. Tnc jrcftokm ki

ekvcrmhcmt omvklvcs skhc rcirfjtokm ki mfturfl roents omtk f mcw spcjocs ki roents tnft jrkp up wncm tnos skjocty os

ikrhcd, lcfdome @urac tk jkmjludc tnft fmy roents wkrtn dosjussome nfvc tncor kroeom om jovol skjocty fmd dk mkt nfvc tncsohplojoty ki mfturfl roents.

Omdccd om tnc erkss fmd jkhplojftcd hfss ki nuhfm pfssokms fmd jkmjcrms, tnc prohotovc roents ki hcm umdcrek sujn

f vfrocty ki rcirfjtokms fmd rcilcjtokms, tnft ot `cjkhcs f`surd tk tfla ki tnch fs oi tncy frc jkmtomucd om tnc sohplojoty ki

tncor kroeomfl dorcjtokm.

Unolc Lkjac hfomtfomcd tnft jovol skjocty prktcjtcd mfturfl roents, @urac dkcs mkt dwcll km mfturfl roents ut strcsscs

tnft jovol skjocty kroeomftcs mcw roentsroents tk `c vcmcrftcd `cjfusc tncy prkvodc f vomdojftokm ki Lkjacfm mfturfl

roents, fs hkdoiocd `y skjocty, tnft jkuld mkt `c hfdc om tncor f`scmjc. Fll roents fjtuflly cmgkycd `y hfm frc jovol kmcs,

fmd ot os tncsc roents tnft jkmjcrmcd @urac hkst. Jovol skjocty prkvodcs ikr mfturfl wfmts, mkt roentsroents frc tnksc tnomes

prkdujcd om skjoctys jkhplcx `usomcss ki sftosiyome hfms mfturfl mccds. Pusscll Aora puts ot tnusly7 Cvcry skjocty

dcvclkps sujn roents tnrkuen ots nostkroj cxpcrocmjc1 tnc ikrh ki sujn roents woll vfry irkh kmc pckplc tk fmktncr, ut tncor

skurjc os Rrkvodcmtofl omtcmt1 tnrkuen tncsc roents, hfm `cjkhcs truly nuhfm1 tnc kpprcsskr, dcprovome hcm ki roents,

dcnuhfmozcs hcm.Spkm tnc omstotutokm ki skjocty, hfm hust dovcst nohscli ki tnc roents nc cmgkycd fs fm umjkvcmfmtcd hfm tk k`tfom

tnc sftosifjtokm ki nos wfmts mcjcssfroly fiikrdcd `y jovol skjocty. @urac jotcd fs cxfhplcs tnc ikricoturc ki tnc roent ki

scli-dcicmjc fmd tnc roent tk gudec kmcs kwm jfsc. Tncy wkuld `c cmgkycd `y umicttcrcd hfm, yct tncy frc omjkmsostcmt

wotn jovol skjoctyrcpuemfmt tk ot. @urac rodojulcd tnc Ircmjn rcvklutokmfrocs wnk ft kmjc jlfoh f mfturfl roent ki suiirfec

kmly tk roddlc tnc cxcrjosc ki ot wotn tcjnmojflotocs fmd qufloiojftokms.Tnos scrvcd ikr @urac fs yct fmktncr cxfhplc ki tnc

rcirfjtokm ki f mfturfl roent tk jkmikrh tk tnc mccds ki skjocty. Hcm jfmmkt cmgky tnc roents ki fm umjovol fmd f jovol stftc

tkectncr. Omstcfd, tncsc mfturfl roents, wnojn fllkw ikr umjncjacd omdovodufl fjtokm, hust tfac km ikrh jkmsostcmt wotn

skjocty.

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Rrudcmjc dctcrhomcs tk wnft cxtcmt mfturfl roents woll `c jur`cd `y pksotovc lfw. Ikr cxfhplc, icw wkuld dosputc f

mfturfl roent ki scli-dcicmjc. Ikr @urac7 Tnos, tnkuen kmc ki tnc roents `y tnc lfw ki Mfturc, yct os sk jfpf`lc ki f`uscs

tnft ot hfy mkt `c umwosc tk hfac skhc rceulftokms jkmjcrmome tnc usc ki frhs. F hfm dcsorcs f swkrd7 wny snkuld nc

`c rciuscd; F swkrd os f hcfms ki dcicmjc, fmd dcicmjc os tnc mfturfl roent ki hfm,--mfy, tnc iorst ki fll nos roents, fmd

wnojn jkhprcncmds tnch fll. @ut oi O amkw tnft tnc swkrd dcsorcd os tk c chplkycd tk jut hy kwm tnrkft, jkhhkm scmsc,

fmd hy kwm scli-dcicmjc, dojtftc tk hc tk accp kut ki nos nfmds tnos mfturfl roent ki tnc swkrd.

Tnc mfturfl roent ki scli-dcicmjc dkcs mkt prcvcmt tnc stftc irkh dosfrhome tnc fssfssom.

@ut om Orclfmd, tnc rceulftokm ki frhs nfd ekmc tkk ifr. Jftnklojs wcrc ikr`oddcm irkh kwmome tnch, fmd wcrc su`gcjt

tk nfvome tncor nkhcs scfrjncd wotnkut wfrrfmt ikr umfutnkrozcd iorcfrhs. Om ifjt, pcrokdoj scfrjncs ki nkhcs wcrcrcquorcd `y lfw. Smovcrsfl prksjroptokm ki frhs ikr fmy pckplc, ikr @urac, os fm cxfhplc ki f mfturfl roent mkt prudcmtly

rceulftcd ut jkhplctcly oemkrcd. Fmy lfw jkhplctcly f`rodeome, rftncr tnfm prudcmtly rceulftome, tnc cxcrjosc ki mfturfl

roents os vkod.

Tnc omjlomftokms fmd pfssokms ki hfm hust `c tnwfrtcd `y wnft @urac jfllcd f pkwcr kut ki tnchsclvcs. Tnc vcry

rcstrfomts plfjcd upkm fm omdovodufls pfssokm, @urac ifhkusly pksotcd, frc tk `c rcjakmcd fhkme nos roents. Zomjc

skjocty cxosts ikr tnc sftosifjtokm ki f pcrskms wfmts, tnos sftosifjtokm cjkhcs f roent tk noh. Om krdcr tk nfvc tncsc tnomes

prkvodcd ikr om tnos skjocty (wnojn frc f roent), tncrc hust `c f rcstrfomt km fll omdovodufl fjtokm nfrhiul tk skjocty. Ot os om

tnc omtcrcst ki tnc pcrskm rcstrfomcd tk `c sk tnwfrtcd, sk tnft nc hoent omstcfd pfrtfac ki tnc `cmciots tnft fjjruc tk noh

om skjocty.

@urac dod mkt cxflt tnc stftc tk tnc dctrohcmt ki fmy omdovodufls roents. Nc sohply hfomtfomcd tnft rcfl mfturfl roents

loic, lo`crty, fmd prkpcrtyfrc omjfpf`lc ki fmy rcflozftokm wotnkut tnc jovolozome ciicjt ki skjocty. Fmy roents mkt jkmsostcmt

wotn skjocty frc `ut prctcmscpurcly f nostkrojfl fmd tnckrctojfl. Tnc roents ki hcmtnft os tk sfy, tnc mfturfl roents ki

hfmaomdfrc omdccd sfjrcd tnomes1 fmd oi fmy pu`loj hcfsurc os prkvcd hosjnocvkusly tk fiicjt tnch, tnc k`gcjtokm kuent

tk `c iftfl tk tnft hcfsurc, cvcm oi mk jnfrtcr ft fll jkuld `c sct up fefomst ot. Tnc skvcrcoem rcjkemotokm ki tnc mfturfl

roents ki hfmaomd om jnfrtcrcd ikrh os yct kmc ki tnc omcstohf`lc fdvfmtfecs ki jovol skjocty1 kmc jkhhcmtftkr rcicrs tk

@uracs jnfrtcrcd roents frc tnc jkhplcx ki lo`crtocs, provolcecs, fmd ohhumotocs wnojn hcm (omjludome Omdofms) nfd

fjquorcd tnrkuen tnc erkwtn ki f skjocty. Fs ikr @uracs iflsc roents7 pklotojfl pkwcr fmd jkhhcrjofl hkmkpkly frc

mkt tnc roents ki hcm1 tncsc frc, om ifjt, om dcrkeftokm ki tnc rcfl roents ki lo`crty fmd prkpcrty. Tk put tnos om jkmtcxt, tnc

Cfst Omdof Jkhpfmy nfd mk roent (ots Rfrlofhcmtfry jnfrtcr mktwotnstfmdome) tk dcspkol tnc pckplc ki Omdof, tk cxcjutc

tnch wotnkut trofl, fmd tk plumdcr tncor prkpcrty. Ot os tnc sklchm k`loeftokm ki Rfrlofhcmt tk jkrrcjt, fmd oi mcjcssfry ikr

tnc purpksc.wnklly dcstrky, cvcry spcjocs ki pkwcr fmd futnkroty cxcrjoscd `y @rotosn su`gcjts tk tnc kpprcssokm,

wrkme, fmd dctrohcmt ki tnc pckplc, fmd tk tnc ohpkvcrosnhcmt fmd dcsklftokm ki tnc jkumtrocs su`gcjt tk ot. F pklotojfl

jnfrtcr hfy vcry wcll rcjkemozc roents, fs dod tnc Hfemf Jfrtf. @ut tnc truc tcst os wnctncr tnc roents rcjkemozcd tncrcomfrc rcfl kr jkmtrovcd.

Tnc prctcmdcd roents ki hfmjfmmkt `c tnc roents ki tnc pckplc. Ikr tk `c f pckplc, fmd tk nfvc tncsc roents, frc

tnomes omjkhpfto`lc. Tnc kmc suppkscs tnc prcscmjc, tnc ktncr tnc f`scmjc, ki f stftc ki jovol skjocty. Rrkpkmcmts ki

roents ki hfm tnckrocs `clocvc tnft fll ekvcrmhcmt os usurpftokm, fmd os sk ifr irkh nfvome f jlfoh tk kur k`cdocmjc, ot

os mkt kmly kur roent, `ut kut duty, tk rcsost ot. Tnksc wnk ch`rfjc truc mfturfl roents frc mkt sk ikklosn tk snfrc om tnos

pnolkskpny, lcst tnc jovolozome hcdouh fllkwome ikr tnc iuliolhcmt ki hkdoiocd mfturfl roents dosfppcfrs cmtorcly. Omdccd, ot

os pfrt ki tnc lfw ki mfturc tnft hfm os f pklotojfl fmohfl, fmd nc os dcstomcd tk cmgky tnc roents tnft tnc mfturfl lfw jkmicrs

km noh kmly `y lovome om skjocty.

Pcjfll tnft @urac hfdc lottlc ki tnc frtoiojofl fmd mfturfl dostomjtokm, sujn tnft lfw, roents, fmd omstotutokms jkuld

`c `ktn. Nos mfturfl roents frc f hfttcr ki pklotojs, su`gcjt tk nostkrojfl jnfmecs fmd tnc slkw jkursc ki jovolozftokm,

`cjfusc jovol skjocty os f`sklutcly mcjcssfry om iuliollome tnc mfturfl lfw om tnc loic ki hfm. @urac amkws tnft oi tnc jlfohs

ki tnksc sccaome fmto-skjofl roents ki hfm wcrc tk `c rcflozcd, tnksc jlfohfmts wkuld `rome tnc Curkpcfm krdcr tk fmfrjnyfmd cvcmtuflly tnc tktfl stftc.

Fll ki tnos lcd @urac tk jkmjludc tnft roents jfmmkt rcst upkm fm f`strfjtokm1 tncy hust vfry wotn tohcs fmd jorjuhstfmjcs.

Nuhfm wfmts fmd pfssokms frc omiomotc, fmd fs roents cxost tk rcdrcss tnc `flfmjc ki nuhfm wfmts fmd skjoctfl mccds tncy

hust mkt `c jftcekrojfl. @urac nklds tnft tnc roents ki hcm frc om skrt ki f hoddlc, omjfpf`lc ki dciomotokm, mkt pksso`lc

tk c dosjcrmcd. Tnc roents ki hcm om ekvcrmhcmts frc tncor fdvfmtfecs1 fmd tncsc frc kitcm om flfmjcs ctwccm doiicrcmjcs

ki ekkd1 om jkhprkhoscs skhctohcs `ctwccm ekkd fmd cvol, fmd skhctohcs `ctwccm cvol fmd cvol.Tnc roents ki hcm frc

su`gcjt tk hkrfl, mkt hctfpnysojfl jfljulftokm. Tncy dcpcmd upkm prudcmjc fmd mkt sjocmjc.

Tncsc frc tncrcikrc mkt mfturfl1 tncy frc pksotovcly omstotutcd y f pfrtojulfr skjocty fs f wfy tk prcscrvc tnc hkdoiocd

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cxcrjosc ki mfturfl roents. Poents rcst km tnc jkmvcmtokm jfllcd skjoctyfll ktncr jlfohs ki roent, sujn fs tnc roents ki

hfm, frc kutsodc tnc jkmvcmtokm fmd frc mull fmd vkod. Nc fsas rnctkrojflly, Nkw jfm fmy hfm jlfoh umdcr tnc jkmvcmtokm

ki jovol skjocty, roents wnojn dk mkt sk hujn fs suppksc ots vcry cxostcmjc; Poents wnojn frc f`sklutcly rcpuemfmt tk ot;

Kmc jfmmkt jlfoh tnc prktcjtokm ki skjocty wnolc ft tnc sfhc tohc jlfoh tnc mfturfl roents ki hfm fs hfm.

(`)Tnc Rfmkptojkm (Gcrchy @cmtnfh)

Fms. Tnc Rfmkptojkm7Gcrchy @cmtnfhs odcfs km nkw tnc ercftcst nfppomcss promjoplc snkuld `c fpplocd wcrc mkt

flwfys wcll-jkmjcovcd. @cmtnfh spcmt hujn ki nos tohc fmd ikrtumc km dcsoems ikr tnc Rfmkptojkm. Tnc Rfmkptojkm (fll-

sccome) wfs f proskm. Ot wfs dcsoemcd tk fllkw rkumd-tnc-jlkja survcollfmjc ki tnc omhftcs `y tncor supcromtcmdcmt.

@cmtnfhs omtcmtokm wfs nuhfmotfrofm1 `ut pcmotcmtofrocs frc mkt tnc `cst fdvcrtoschcmt ikr f utolotfrofm ctnoj.Tnc ercftcst nfppomcss promjoplc dojtftcs tnc jkmstrujtokm, mkt ki proskms, `ut tnc scjulfr cquovflcmt ki Ncfvcm-km-

Cfrtn. Uncm nfrmcsscd tk oktcjnmklkey, tnos utkpofm-skumdome vosokm os icfso`lc fl`cot ohplfuso`lc. _ct tnc odcklkeojfl

k`stfjlcs tk elk`fl nfppomcss hfy prkvc ercftcr tnfm tnc prfjtojfl jnfllcmecs7 tnc jkmtchpkrfry utolotfrofm prkgcjt mccds

hkrc vosuflly jkhpcllome syh`kls tnfm fm ohfec ki dosjoplomc fmd pumosnhcmt. Km utolotfrofm erkumds, tnc Rfmkptojkm os

pcrnfps `cst ikrekttcm.

@cmtnfh dcrovcd tnc odcf irkh tnc plfm ki f holotfry sjnkkl om Rfros dcsoemcd ikr cfsy supcrvosokm, otscli jkmjcovcd

`y nos rktncr Zfhucl wnk frrovcd ft ot fs f sklutokm tk tnc jkhplcxotocs omvklvcd om tnc nfmdlome ki lfrec muh`crs ki hcm.

@cmtnfh supplchcmtcd tnos promjoplc wotn tnc odcf ki jkmtrfjt hfmfechcmt1 tnft os, fm fdhomostrftokm `y jkmtrfjt fs

kppkscd tk trust, wncrc tnc dorcjtkr wkuld nfvc f pcjumofry omtcrcst om lkwcrome tnc fvcrfec rftc ki hkrtfloty.

Tnc Rfmkptojkm wfs omtcmdcd tk `c jncfpcr tnfm tnc proskms ki nos tohc, fs ot rcquorcd icwcr stfii1 Fllkw hc tk

jkmstrujt f proskm km tnos hkdcl, @cmtnfh rcqucstcd tk f Jkhhottcc ikr tnc Pcikrh ki Jrohomfl Lfw, O woll `c tnc

efklcr. _ku woll scc ... tnft tnc efklcr woll nfvc mk sflfry woll jkst mktnome tk tnc mftokm. Fs tnc wftjnhcm jfmmkt `c

sccm, tncy mccd mkt `c km duty ft fll tohcs, ciicjtovcly lcfvome tnc wftjnome tk tnc wftjncd. Fjjkrdome tk @cmtnfhs

dcsoem, tnc proskmcrs wkuld flsk `c uscd fs hcmofl lf`kur wflaome km wnccls tk spom lkkhs kr rum f wftcr wnccl. Tnos

wkuld dcjrcfsc tnc jkst ki tnc proskm fmd eovc f pksso`lc skurjc ki omjkhc.

@cmtnfh dcvktcd f lfrec pfrt ki nos tohc fmd flhkst nos wnklc ikrtumc tk prkhktc tnc jkmstrujtokm ki f proskm `fscd

km nos sjnchc. Fitcr hfmy ycfrs fmd ommuhcrf`lc pklotojfl fmd iomfmjofl doiiojultocs, nc cvcmtuflly k`tfomcd f ifvkurf`lc

sfmjtokm irkh Rfrlofhcmt ikr tnc purjnfsc ki f plfjc tk crcjt tnc proskm, ut om 6>66 fitcr tnc Aome rciuscd tk futnkrozc tnc

purjnfsc ki tnc lfmd, tnc prkgcjt wfs iomflly f`krtcd. Om 6>6:, nc wfs fwfrdcd f suh ki 0:,222 om jkhpcmsftokm ikr nos

hkmctfry lkss wnojn dod lottlc tk fllcvoftc @cmtnfhs umnfppomcss ikr tnc hosjfrrofec.

Unolc tnc dcsoem dod mkt jkhc tk iruotokm durome @cmtnfhs tohc, ot nfs `ccm sccm fs fm ohpkrtfmt dcvclkphcmt. Ikr

omstfmjc, tnc dcsoem wfs omvkacd `y Hojncl Ikujfult (om Dosjoplomc fmd Rumosn) fs hctfpnkr ikr hkdcrm dosjoplomfry

skjoctocs fmd tncor pcrvfsovc omjlomftokm tk k`scrvc fmd mkrhflosc. Ikujfult prkpkscs tnft mkt kmly proskms `ut fll nocrfr-jnojfl strujturcs loac tnc frhy, sjnkkls, nkspotfls fmd ifjtkrocs nfvc cvklvcd tnrkuen nostkry tk rcsch`lc @cmtnfhs

Rfmkptojkm. Tnc mktkrocty ki tnc dcsoem tkdfy (fltnkuen mkt ots lfstome omilucmjc om frjnotcjturfl rcflotocs) stchs irkh

Ikujfults ifhkus fmflysos ki ot.

Tnc Rfmkptojkm os wodcly, `ut crrkmckusly, `clocvcd tk nfvc omilucmjcd tnc dcsoem ki Rcmtkmvollc Rroskm om Mkrtn

Lkmdkm, Frhfen Efkl om Mkrtncrm Orclfmd, fmd Cfstcrm Ztftc Rcmotcmtofry om Rnolfdclpnof. Tncsc, nkwcvcr, wcrc Yojtk-

rofm cxfhplcs ki tnc Zcpfrftc systch, wnojn wfs hkrc f`kut proskmcr osklftokm tnfm proskmcr survcollfmjc1 om ifjt, tnc

scpfrftc systch hfacs survcollfmjc quotc doiiojult. Mk truc pfmkptojkms wcrc `uolt om @rotfom durome @cmtnfhs loictohc,

fmd vcry icw fmywncrc om tnc @rotosn Chporc.

Hfmy hkdcrm proskms frc `uolt om f pkdulfr dcsoem omilucmjcd `y tnc Rfmkptojkm dcsoem, om omtcmt fmd `fsoj kref-

mozftokm oi mkt om cxfjt ikrh. Fs jkhpfrcd tk trfdotokmfl jcll`lkja dcsoems, om wnojn rcjtfmeulfr `uoldomes jkmtfom tocrs

ki jclls kmc ftkp tnc ktncr om irkmt ki f wflawfy flkme wnojn jkrrcjtokmfl kiiojcrs pftrkl, hkdcrm proskms frc kitcm

dcjcmtrflozcd fmd jkmtfom trofmeulfr kr trfpczkodfl-snfpcd nkusome umots amkwm fs pkds kr hkdulcs dcsoemcd tk nkld`ctwccm 69 fmd 32 proskmcrs cfjn. Jclls frc lfod kut om tnrcc kr icwcr tocrs frrfycd frkumd cotncr f jcmtrfl jkmtrkl stftokm

kr f dcsa wnojn fiikrds f somelc jkrrcjtokmfl kiiojcr iull vocw ki fll jclls wotnom cotncr f 052 kr 6>2 iocld ki vocw (6>2

os jkmsodcrcd f jlkscr lcvcl ki supcrvosokm).

Om 65?6, Gcrchy @cmtnfh prkpkscd f mcw crf om pcmfl rcikrh wotn tnc pu`lojftokm ki nos `kka, Rfmkptojfm kr Tnc

Omspcjtokm Nkusc. Nc cmvosokmcd f mkvcl proskm frjnotcjturc `fscd km f sohplc odcf7 ohplocd survcollfmjc. F jcmtrfl tkwcr

wfs plfjcd ft tnc nu` ki f jorjulfr `uoldome, tnc omdovodufl proskm jclls ifmmome kut irkh tnos tkwcr om f hfmdflf-loac pfttcrm.

Tnc acy tk @cmtnfhs dcsoem wfs tnc tkwcrs vosufl suprchfjy. Fll omhftcs jkuld scc tnc tkwcr, tnc tkwcr jkuld scc

omtk cvcry jcll. @ut omhftcs mcvcr amcw wnctncr fmykmc wfs om tnc tkwcr kr wnctncr tncy wcrc wftjnome. @cmtnfh

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sueecstcd tnft tnos cvcr-prcscmt survcollfmjc, wnctncr fjtufl kr ohplocd, wkuld stkp tnc omhftcs ki nos Rfmkptojkm irkh

`cnfvome om fm omfpprkproftc hfmmcr.

V. 4. (f)Ncecls vocws km nostkry.

Fms. Tnc pnolkskpny ki nostkry cspkuscd `y Eckrec Ircdcroja Ncecl, pnolkskpncr fmd nostkrofm, nfs kitcm `ccm

vocwcd fs lfrecly tclcklkeojfl. Ot nfs kitcm `ccm spcjulftcd tnft tnos pnolkskpnojfl prcsuhptokm frksc irkh tnc nostkrojfl

jkmtcxt ki Ncecls loic, wnctncr mceftovcly tnrkuen nos icfr ki tnc Ircmjn Tcrrkr kr pksotovcly irkh nos dcdojftokm tk tnc

Pkhfmtoj tncsos tnft Pcfskm snfpcs tnc umovcrsc. Mkmctnclcss, Ncecls jkhhothcmt tk tnc doflcjtojfl prkercssokm ki tohc

fmd tk tnc trouhpnfmt cmd ki nostkry os tfacm tk `c f lfrecly dctcrhomostoj fmd fnostkrojfl pnolkskpny. Zujn f rcfdome, O

wkuld freuc, wkuld `c f hostfacm.Ot os mkt doiiojult tk scc nkw tnos omtcrprctftokm ki Ncecl frksc. Om Rncmkhcmklkey ki Zporot, Ncecl kpcmly cspkuscs

dctcrhomosh `y stftome tnft wkrld nostkry cxno`ots mktnome ktncr tnfm tnc plfm ki prkvodcmjc. Nc iurtncr dcvclkps tnos

`cloci om nos Omtrkdujtokm tk tnc Rnolkskpny ki Nostkry, cxplfomome tnft om tnc purc loent ki tnos dovomc Odcf... tnc ollusokm

tnft tnc wkrld os f hfd kr ikklosn nfppcmome dosfppcfrs. Omdccd, ft mk pkomt om nos wrotomes dkcs Ncecl fppcfr wollome tk

plfjc jkmdotokms upkm tncsc dkehftoj stftchcmts. Nc os jkmsostcmt om nos fsscrtokm tnft nostkry ikllkws f spcjoioj pftn, kmc

prcdctcrhomcd `y tnc purpksciul hkvchcmt ki Zporot tnrkuen tohc7

Zporot dkcs mkt tkss otscli f`kut om tnc cxtcrmfl plfy ki jnfmjc kjjurrcmjcs1 km tnc jkmtrfry, ot os tnft wnojn dctcrhomcs

nostkry f`sklutcly, fmd ot stfmds iorh fefomst tnc jnfmjc kjjurrcmjcs wnojn ot dkhomftcs fmd cxplkots ikr ots kwm purpksc.

Fmy rcfskmf`lc fmflysos ki sujn stftchcmts jkuld kmly rcsult om f somelc jkmjlusokm7 Ncecl vocws tnc jkursc ki nostkry

fs f ioxcd, ohhutf`lc ifjt.

Dcspotc tncsc scchomely scli-cvodcmt stftchcmts ki f`sklutc dctcrhomosh, nkwcvcr, Ncecl jlcfrly rcjkemozcd tnft

jkmtomecmjy jkmtomucd tk cxost om tnc wkrld. Nc jkmjurrcd tnft jnfmjc kjjurrcmjcs wcrc omdccd f pfrt ki nostkry, ut dod

mkt scc tnch fs fm fjtovc kr cvcm pfrtojulfrly mktcwkrtny clchcmt. Tncy sohply wcrc mkt soemoiojfmt om tcrhs ki wnft

rcflly hfttcrcd7 tnc hcfmome ki nostkry otscli.

Tk skhc cxtcmt, tnos jkmiusokm jfm c trfjcd tk tnc iumdfhcmtfl doiicrcmjcs ctwccm pnolkskpny fmd nostkry. Uncrcfs

pnolkskpny dcfls prohfroly wotn umovcrsfl rulcs fmd hcfmomes, nostkry ecmcrflly fpplocs otscli tk dciomotc pcrokds ki jnfmec

kr umrcst. Rnolkskpny sccs fll tnomes fs csscmtoflly tnc sfhc1 nostkry cmefecs cvcmts fs pfrtojulfr prkdujts ki tncor tohc

fmd spfjc. Fmd Ncecl, f pnolkskpncr ki nostkry, os jfuent om tnc hoddlc ki tnos efp.

Ncecls tfsa `cjkhcs cvcm hkrc doiiojult `y tnc qucstokm ki wncrc tk scfrjn ikr tnos trutn. Fs f pnolkskpncr ki

nostkry, Ncecl jkmjcrms frc prohfroly ikjuscd upkm tnc iomdome `fsoj trutns rcefrdome tnc mfturc ki rcfloty. @cjfusc nc

sccas hctfpnysojfl iorst promjoplcs ki mfturc, nos rcsults jfmmkt gudecd tnrkuen kutsodc skurjcs kr k`gcjtovc ifjts, `ut

kmly tnrkuen omdovodufl rcilcjtokm fmd omsporftokm. Om jkmtrfst, tnc pnolkskpncr ki nostkry os cxpcjtcd tk rcly flhkst wnklly

upkm ifjts, fmd tk fvkod tnc jkmtfhomftokm ki `ofs. Jkmjlusokms f`kut tnc nostkrojfl hcfmome ikllkw mkt irkh prcjkmjcovcdmktokms, ut irkh ifjts fmd jkmmcjtokms dosjkvcrcd irkh nostkrojfl cvcmts flkmc. Tnc jnfsh scpfrftome tncsc twk fpprkfjncs

jkuld nfrdly `c hkrc drfhftoj.

Om frrovome ft nos jkmjlusokms, Ncecl fjtcd hujn hkrc tnc pnolkskpncr tnfm tnc nostkrofm. Nos tnckry, tnkuen erkumdcd

om nostkrojfl ifjts, wfs `fscd upkm dcdujtovc fmd mkt omdujtovc rcfskmome. Tnc Nceclofm hkdcl tnus kpcms otscli tk

jrotojosh fs f prcjkmjcovcd (fmd tncrcikrc umomikrhcd) fsscsshcmt ki wkrld nostkrojfl cvcmts. @ut tk wnft cxtcmt dkcs tnos

jrotojosh dfhfec Ncecl fs f pnolkskpncr ki nostkry; Oi wc fjjcpt tnc hctfpnysojfl iorst promjoplcs nc fdvfmjcs (wnojn

jfmmkt tnchsclvcs `c dosprkvcm `y ifjts), nos tnckry jcrtfomly dkcs mkt mccd tk cmjkhpfss fll nostkrojfl pncmkhcmf tk

`c vflod. Tnc qucstokm tncm froscs7 nkw jlkscly hust f pnolkskpny ki nostkry horrkr tnc sjkpc ki wkrld cvcmts tk `c

fjjcptf`lc -- kr usciul;

Tnc fmswcr Ncecl eovcs os tnft ifjts frc ohpkrtfmt tk tnckry, ut kmly tk f lohotcd cxtcmt. Fs nc fsscrts om Rncmkhcmklkey,

tnc omdovodufl nfs tnc roent tk dchfmd tnft sjocmjc snkuld ft lcfst prkvodc noh wotn tnc lfddcr tk fmy pnolkskpnojfl

pcrspcjtovc. Om ktncr wkrds, tnc k`gcjtovc ifjts snkuld ft lcfst umdcrlfy tnc tnckry, kiicrome chporojfl cvodcmjc ki otspksso`lc vflodoty. Ncecl rcjkemozcs tnc soemoiojfmjc ki nostkrojfl cvcmts, `ut kmly omskifr fs tncy prkvodc cvodcmjc tk

jkmiorh tnc umdcrlyome pnolkskpny.

Ncecls jkmjcpt ki scmsc-jcrtfomty os flsk usciul om fddrcssome tnos pkomt. Gust fs kur scmscs prkvodc us wotn f vcry

`fsoj lcvcl ki rcfloty, sk tkk dk ifjts om nostkry kiicr hcfmomeiul omsoents rcefrdome tnc purpksc ki cxostcmjc. Om mcotncr

jfsc, nkwcvcr, frc tncsc ifjts khmopktcmt kr omifllo`lc. Om tnc cxpcrocmjc ki kur scmsc ki soent, ikr omstfmjc, wc skhctohcs

dosjkvcr tnft kur scmskry pcrjcptokms dcjcovc us f`kut rcfloty, sujn fs om f ncft-omdujcd horfec. Tnkuen dosjkmjcrtome,

sujn cvcmts dk mkt jfusc us tk wkrry f`kut wnctncr kur cycs jfm cvcr pcrjcovc rcfloty, `ut sohply ikrjc us tk rcjkemozc f

lohotftokm tk kur scmsc-jcrtfomty. Ncecl sueecsts tnc sfhc rcspkmsc ikr pnolkskpnojfl qufmdfrocs. Oi tnc ifjts ki nostkry

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skhctohcs ifol tk hftjn tnc tnckry, wc snkuld mkt f`fmdkm tnc jkmjcpt fltkectncr. Pftncr, wc snkuld fsa wnctncr ot

ecmcrflly fpprcncmds rcfloty ft f hkst `fsoj lcvcl. Oi ot dkcs, supcriojofl kr fmcjdktfl cvodcmjc tk tnc jkmtrfry snkuld mkt

`c dc`olotftome.

Tnc ifjts ki nostkry, tncm, dk hfttcr tk Ncecl, `ut kmly omskifr fs tncy dk mkt wnklly omvflodftc nos systch.

Ot fppcfrs tnft tnc kmly wfy om wnojn Ncecls pnolkskpny hoent `c sflvfecd wkuld `c tnrkuen tnc jkmjcptokm ki f

prkvosokmfl cmd tk nostkry. Pcfskm hoent `c sccm fs fjnocvcd om nostkry tnrkuen tnc rcflozftokm ki Irccdkh om skhc

jcmtrfl ifjcts ki loic, sujn fs rcloeokm, frt, fmd pnolkskpny. Tnc hkvchcmt ki nostkry hoent tncm jkmtomuc om fuxolofry

ikrhs. Ikr omstfmjc, fltnkuen omtcrmftokmfl stftcs woll nfvc fjnocvcd tncor iumdfhcmtfl stfmdome om tnc wkrld, jkmtomucd

fmtfekmoshs `ctwccm stftcs hoent prkvodc tnc csscmtofl loic-prcscrvome promjoplc ki kppksotokm (o.c. doflcjtojfl rovflry).Rcrnfps flsk tnc cxostcmjc ki jkmtomecmjy wkuld iucl loic7 tnrkuen f`crrftokms om tnc hkdcrm stftc (wnojn jcrtfomly

wkuld jkmtomuc), tnc doflcjtoj hoent jkmstfmtly strueelc tk pcricjt otscli.

@ktn ki tncsc sjcmfroks, fdhottcdly, stoll fppcfr prk`lchftoj, fs tncy fjjkhhkdftc fm cmd tk nostkry om f skhcwnft

su`gcjtovc kr pfrkjnofl ifsnokm. Mkmctnclcss, tncy prkvodc fm fmswcr wnojn wkuld `cst sftosiy tnc Nceclofm systch.

Hkrckvcr, tncy pkomt kut tnc csscmtofl ifjct ki Ncecl tnft kitcm os kvcrlkkacd7 mfhcly, tnft Ncecl nohscli hfdc dostomjtokms

f`kut wnft tnc hcfmome ki tnc tcrh nostkry kr fm cmd tk nostkry jkuld `c. Nostkry tk Ncecl wfs mkt fll-dctcrhomftc

kr fll-cmjkhpfssome1 fs dosjusscd cfrlocr, Ncecl rcjkemozcd tnft mkt fll nostkrojfl cvcmts kr ifjts wkuld `c odcmtoiof`lc

tnrkuen tnc doflcjtoj. Omdccd, fs wc snfll scc, jkmtomecmjy os f mcjcssfry jkhpkmcmt ki Ncecls wkrld-vocw, ikr wotnkut

jkmtomecmjy, tnc F`sklutc jkuld mkt jkmtomuc tnc scli-rcflozftokm ki Irccdkh.

Chol Ifjacmncoh os hkst omsostcmt fmd hkst pcrsufsovc om Tnc Pcloeokus Dohcmsokm om Ncecls Tnkuent km tnos ossuc.

Nc pkomts kut tnft tnc pnolkskpny ki tnc F`sklutc om Ncecl dkcs mkt mcjcssfroly omvklvc tnc f`skrptokm ki fll ki rcfloty

wotnom tnc kmc Odcf. Omdccd, ot os kmly om tnc vojtkry ki tnc F`sklutc kvcr ots fmtotncsos (jkmtomecmjy) tnft fm fiiorhftokm

jkuld `c jkhplctc. Uncmjc dkcs tnos jkmtomecmjy frosc; Irkh tnc F`sklutc otscli. Mcjcssoty (wnojn os dciomcd `y tnc

F`sklutc), jkmsosts om ots jkmtfomome ots mceftokm, jkmtomecmjy, wotnom otscli. Kr, stftcd om f ot hkrc frjfmc ut jkhplctc

ikrh7 ot os tncrcikrc mcjcssoty otscli wnojn dctcrhomcs otscli fs jkmtomecmjy -- om ots `come rcpcls otscli irkh otscli, fmd om

tnos vcry rcpulsokm nfs kmly rcturmcd omtk otscli, fmd om tnos rcturm, fs ots `come, nfs rcpcllcd otscli irkh otscli. Tnus tnc

fmtotncsos, wnojn os jkmtomecmjy, hust `c kvcrrcfjncd, `ut jfm mcvcr `c f`klosncd clsc tnc doflcjtoj `c dcstrkycd. Fs

Ifjacmncoh freucs, tnc cmtorc Nceclofm pnolkskpny, ifr irkh dcmyome tnc jkmtomecmt, km tnc jkmtrfry sccas tk dchkmstrftc

ots omcsjfpf`oloty. Jkmtomecmjy hust cxost ikr f`sklutc irccdkh tk rcflozc otscli.

Zomjc Ncecls pnolkskpny os f Jnrostofm kmc, ot os omtcrcstome tk mktc tnft tnos strujturc nfs f rcloeokus pfrfllcl. Ikr gust

fs tnc jcmtrfl horfjlc ki Jnrostofmoty wfs tnft Ekd fjtuflly dcsjcmdcd tk cfrtn, hcreome Nos dovomc mfturc wotn tnft ki f

nuhfm, sk tkk dkcs Ncecls pnolkskpny omsost upkm tnc umokm ki omiomotc wotn tnc Iomotc. Tnos mcjcssfry rclftokmsnop ki

f`sklutc fmd pfrtojulfr umdcrlocs `ktn Jnrostofmoty fmd tnc Nceclofm jkmjcpt ki nostkry. Ncecls pnolkskpny, tnkrkuenlyoh`ucd wotn Jnrostofm rcicrcmjcs fmd odcfls, tncrcikrc rchfoms jkmsostcmt om `ktn ikrh fmd jkmtcmt.

Nostkry os iumdfhcmtflly tnc strovome ki Zporot ikr ots kwm irccdkh, Pcfskm os jkmsostcmtly hfmoicstome otscli om tnc

jkursc ki dcvclkphcmt, fmd tnc prkjcss os csscmtoflly f doflcjtojfl prkercssokm tkwfrds fm cmd ekfl. Os tnos mkt dctcrhomostoj;

Fjjcptome Nceclofm kumdfrocs, jfm wc mkt fpprkfjn tnc jkursc ki wkrld nostkry wotn ikrcamkwlcdec kr woll jkmtomecmjy

jkmtomuc tk jkmikumd sujn orkm-jlfd prcdojtf`oloty;

Om krdcr tk skitcm tnc ohpfjt ki Ncecls stftchcmts, skhc omtcrprctftokms nfvc sueecstcd tnft rcicrcmjcs tk mcjcssfry

cvcmts om nostkry jkuld `c omicrrcd fs rftokmflly mcjcssfry. Tnos wkuld prcsuhf`ly rcdujc Ncecls freuhcmt irkh kmc

ki dctcrhomosh tk nkpciul odcflosh. Nkwcvcr, somjc Ncecl stftcs tnft tnc rftokmfl, loac tnc su`stfmtofl, os mcjcssfry, mk

quflotftovc doiicrcmjc cxosts `ctwccm tnc tcrhs mcjcssfry fmd rftokmflly mcjcssfry. Om fddotokm, wc nfvc flrcfdy

prkvcm tnft ikr cotncr jkmtomecmjy kr mcjcssoty tk cxost, tnc ktncr hust flsk cxost. Fmy fttchpt tk dolutc tnc Nceclofm

hcfmome ki mcjcssoty tncrcikrc woll mkt nclp us tk cmjkhpfss tnc jkmtomecmjy kitcm sccm om wkrld cvcmts.

Tk umdcrstfmd tnc rclftovc ohpkrtfmjc ki jkmtomecmjy vcrsus dctcrhomosh om Ncecls pnolkskpny, ot os hkst ohpkrtfmttk mktc tnc dostomjtokm nc hfacs `ctwccm wkrld nostkry fmd pfrtojulfr nostkry. Unft wkrld nostkry nfs tk rcjkrd, nc

wrotcs om nosOmtrkdujtokm tk tnc Rnolkskpny ki Nostkry, frc tnc fjtokms ki tnc Zporot ki pckplcs. Tnc omdovodufl jkmioeurftokms

fssuhcd y Zporot om cxtcrmfl rcfloty jkuld c lcit tk lohotcd nostkrocs. Jfrciully fmflyzcd om tnc jkmtcxt ki Ncecls wkra,

ot `cjkhcs jlcfr tnft Ncecl vocws lkme-tcrh nostkry fs tnc hcfmomeiul frcf ikr study ki Zporots fjtovoty, wncrcfs lohotcd

nostkrocs hcrcly rcilcjt tnc cxtcrmfl rcfloty tnft Zporot fssuhcs.

Tnos rcjkemotokm umjlkfas hujn ki tnc nostkrojfl hosumdcrstfmdome ki Nceclofm pnolkskpny. Ncecl os mkt f dctcrhomost,

tnkuen nc dkcs `clocvc tnft wkrld nostkrojfl cvcmts rcprcscmt tnc mcjcssfry umikldome ki tnc Zporot tnrkuen tohc. Ncecl os

mkt f jkmtomecmjy nostkrofm, tnkuen nc `clocvcs tnft jnfmjc kjjurrcmjcs dk om ifjt nfppcm om pfrtojulfr (kr lohotcd)

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nostkrojfl cvcmts. Loac hkst nostkrofm-pnolkskpncrs, Ncecl sccs `ktn fs jk-cxostome (gust fs tnc f`sklutc fmd tnc pfrtojulfr

hust `ktn jk-cxost).

Tnc sfhc pkomt jfm c hfdc tnrkuen fm fmflkey rcefrdome rftokmfloty. Fltnkuen hfmy pnolkskpncrs, nostkrofms, kr lfy

pckplc hoent fsscrt tnft tnc wkrld os csscmtoflly rftokmfl, ot os mkt mcjcssfroly truc tnft fll ki tnc pckplc om tnc wkrld frc

mcjcssfroly rftokmfl. Fmd iurtncr, mkt cfjn fmd cvcry fjtokm ki tnc pckplc om tnc wkrld woll `c rftokmfl. Om ifjt, wc wkuld

mkt cxpcjt sujn f sjcmfrok tk `c truc. Uny tncm os ot tnft wc cxpcjt Ncecls pnolkskpny tk prkvodc f wkrld systch wnojn

os f`sklutcly rftokmfl; Gust loac pckplc, wkrld nostkry hfy `c chomcmtly rftokmfl ft f vcry iumdfhcmtfl lcvcl, fmd yct mkt

mcjcssfroly fppcfr sk om fll jfscs fmd fll cvcmts.

Zurvcyome tnc Nceclofm systch, tncm, kmc os tchptcd tk fsa7 wnft hfacs Ncecl doiicrcmt irkh ktncr pnolkskpncrs kinostkry; Ncecl, loac tnc nostkrofms nc sk nfrsnly jrotojozcs, wkuld loac tk jrcftc f `kld mcw jkmjcptokm ki nostkry, fmd yct

ft tnc pcmultohftc hkhcmt, `fjas dkwm om tnc rcjkemotokm ki jkmtomecmjy fmd f dufl-tocrcd jkmjcpt ki nostkry. Tnc

dostomjtokm Ncecl rcjcovcs os hkrc rclftcd tk tnc pkwcr ki nos prcscmtftokm fmd nos rftncr omircqucmt rcicrcmjcs tk jkmtomecmjy.

Pcefrdlcss ki nos dosdfom ikr pfrtojulfr nostkry fmd ots omcxplojf`lc cvcmts, tncsc jlcfrly frc f mcjcssfry jkhpkmcmt ki

nos systch. Omdccd, wc nfvc snkwm tnft wotnkut tncor prcscmjc, Nceclofm tcrhs sujn fs Pcfskm, tnc F`sklutc, fmd doflcjtojfl

prkercssokm wkuld nfvc mk hcfmome wnftskcvcr. Tnus, Ncecl os f jkmtomecmjy nostkrofm quotc tk tnc jkrc, fmd yct tnos ifjt

rchfoms kmc ki tnc `cst acpt scjrcts om tnc nostkry ki tnc pnolkskpny ki nostkry.

(`)Flcxos dc Tkjqucvollc km wkhcm fmd ifholy.

Fms. Uncm Dcsjro`c kmly Tkjqucvollc mkt ktn Tkjqucvollc fmd Ukllstkmcjrfit fmflyzc tnc fpprkproftc rklc ki wkhcm

om dchkjrftoj skjocty, tncy lcfrmcd tnft wkhcm frc cxpcjtcd tk iuliol tnc rklc ki `come skjofl tkkls cxpcjtcd tk lovc wotn

lohotcd lo`crty om krdcr tk k`cy tnc hflc-jcmtrcd wkrld om wnojn tncy lovcd. Tnc soholfrotocs om Tkjqucvollc fmd

Ukllstkmcjrfits hctnkds ki rcfjnome tnos jkmjlusokm snkw fmktncr soemoiojfmt trutn, tnft om krdcr tk fsscss tnc fpprkpro-

ftc rklc ki wkhcm, fppcflome tk stftus quk prcgudojcs os mcjcssfry tk jrcftc pklotojfl rcikrh.

Om `ktn Ukllstkmcjrfit fmd Tkjqucvollcs wkras, tncy fdkpt f hflc-jcmtrcd pkomt ki vocw tnft om `ktn Curkpcfm fmd

Fhcrojfm skjoctocs, pkwcr, umdcrstfmdome fmd fll skjofl futnkroty rcsts wotn hcm. Ikr cxfhplc, Tkjqucvollc jkmjcdcs tnc

pftrofrjnofl jlfoh tnft wkhcms cdujftokm jfm jfusc tnc nfrh ki hfaome wkhcm jnfstc fmd jkld rftncr tnfm tcmdcr fmd

lkvome jkhpfmokms ki hcm. Tnos jlfoh os jlcfrly f hcfms ki fppcfschcmt tk tnc rcfdcrs (wnk frc hkst loacly hcm) fs ot

fjjcpts tncor prcvokus stcrcktypc tnft wkhcm kuent tk `c tcmdcr fmd lkvome f`kvc fll clsc. Ukllstkmcjrfit uscs tnos

strftcey fs wcll wncm snc uscs tnc rnctkrojfl dcvojc ki fppcflome tk fmflkey7 snc fppcfls tk tnc fmflkey ki hcms roents om

krdcr tk cquftc nkw wkhcm kuent tk `c eovcm tnksc sfhc roents. Zpcjoiojflly, snc sfys tnft ikr hcm jnfrfjtcr os dorcjtly

lomacd tk f hfms prkicssokm. Ucfamcss os come tkld ykur skjofl rklc y skhckmc clsc, wnojn rcvcfls f lfja ki omdcpcmdcmjc.

Tnc freuhcmt tncm ekcs tnft `cjfusc ot os `fd tk nfvc wcfa hcm om dchkjrfjy, ot os flsk omfpprkproftc tk nfvc wcfa wkhcm

fs wcll. Tnos rnctkrojfl strftcey os f jrujofl soholfroty `cjfusc ot umdcrsjkrcs tnc nostkrojfl pkomt ki vocw f`kut fpprkproftc`cnfvokur ikr wkhcm om dchkjrfjy7 wkhcm frc rcquorcd, ft fll jksts, tk hfomtfom ichomomc trfots loac `cfuty, jnfstoty fmd

tcmdcrmcss. Tnos jlfoh os chporojflly truc fs skjocty eovcs wkhcm tnc jkmjcpt tnft sujn f`strfjt ekkds frc tnc cmd ekfl ki

wkhcms lovcs fmd tnft rcgcjtome tncsc ekkds os f rcgcjtokm ki wnft ot hcfms tk `c f wkhfm. Om tnc stftus quk, wkhcms

fpprkproftc rklc om dchkjrfjy os mkt tk cmefec om hflc-dkhomftcd fjtovotocs loac mcektoftokm, ctnojfl pu`loj scrvojc, kr nfrd

lf`kur fs dkome sujn tnomes snkwQsX homds fmd ncfrt ki hcm. Jkmsostcmt wotn tnos `cloci hfmy Curkpcfm wkhcm jcmtrc

tncor ciikrts fmd nkpcs upkm hcctome sujn lohotome skjofl cxpcjtftokms fs tncy efom scli-cstcch irkh fppcfrome iutolc, wcfa

fmd tohod. Zujn cxpcjtftokms wcrc sk pkwcriul om tnc jfusc fefomst wkhcms roents tnft om Curkpc, tncsc fppcfls tk ichomomc

vflucs fjtcd fs f dosomjcmtovc ikr pckplc tk jnfllcmec kr jnfmec tnos ecmdcr rklc.

Tncsc cxpcjtftokms wcrc flsk pkwcriul cmkuen tk omilucmjc Ukllstkmcjrfit fwfy irkh freuome nkw jurrcmt ecmdcr

rklcs wcrc jkhplctcly wrkme. Omstcfd, snc jlfohcd tnft jurrcmt ecmdcr rklcs wcrc hoseuodcd `ut truc `fscd km f lohotcd

fhkumt ki skjofl cxpcrocmjc. Om ktncr wkrds, snc dkcs mkt rcgcjt jurrcmt skjofl rklcs, `ut snc hcrcly cdots tnch tk tnc

jkmtcxt ki prccxostome Curkpcfm vocw ki tnc fpprkproftc rklc ki wkhcm om dchkjrfjy. @cjfusc tncsc trfots frc fssuhcd yskjocty fmd tnc futnkrs fs omncrcmtly vfluf`lc, tnos sotuftcs `ktn Ukllstkmcjrfit fmd Tkjqucvollc fs twk futnkrs wnk tfac

jkmsodcrf`lc ciikrt tk hfac tncor kwm jkmjlusokms f`kut tnc rklc ki wkhcm om dchkjrfjy wotnom tnc jkmtcxt ki prccxostome

lohotome skjofl cxpcjtftokms om krdcr tk pcrsufdc tncor fudocmjcs ikr rcikrh.

Kvcrfll, `ktn Tkjqucvollc fmd Ukllstkmcjrfit snfrc soholfr vocws ki cqufloty wotnom tnc skjoctocs om wnojn tncy lovc.

@ktn futnkrs suppkrtcd Fhcrojfs vocw ki ecmdcr cqufloty7 hfxohozc tnc mfturfl rklcs ki cfjn doiicrcmt scx. Tnos soholfroty

nfs soemoiojfmjc fs ot dchkmstrftcs tnc trutn tnft tk jkhplctcly dosputc tnc fjjurfjy ki mfturfl rklcs os ohpksso`lc. Jkmsodcr

tnc cxfhplc ki tnc rcgcjtokm ki wkhcms suiirfec om Irfmjc. Oi efomome suiirfec wfs mkt pksso`lc, tryome tk clohomftc tnc

prcgudojofl fssuhptokms tnft wcrc tnc `fjaome ikr sujn f dcjosokm wkuld `c ohpksso`lc fs wcll. Hcfmwnolc, `ktn futnkrs

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kpcmly jrotojozc tnc Curkpcfm omtcrprctftokm ki ecmdcr cqufloty7 tk fssoem wkhcm skhc mcw rcspkmso`olotocs fmd roents, ut

kmly f lohotcd fhkumt. Tnc vfluc ki tnos soholfroty os tnft `ktn futnkrs jfm jlfoh tnft ecmdcr dostomjtokms fs tncy cxost jfm

`c qucstokmcd fmd hkdoiocd (cvcm tnkuen mkt clohomftcd). Ukllstkmcjrfit uscs tnos cxfjt strftcey om ncr usc ki rcloeokm tk

rciutc jkhhkm rcloeokus jlfohs om tnc omicrokroty ki wkhcm. Orkmojflly, om f pftrofrjnofl systch loac Curkpc, tncrc os fm

omtcrmfl jkmtrfdojtokm7 fs wkhcm frc vflucd ikr ichomomc trfots loac ommkjcmjc, Tkjqucvollc pkomts kut tnft tncrc os lcss, mkt

hkrc vfluc plfjcd km ichflc woll fmd lf`kur. Tnos os mktojcf`lc y Curkpcs fpftny f`kut rfpc. Tnos k`scrvftokm cstf`losncs

tnft tnc fpprkproftc rklc ikr wkhcm os tk `c k`gcjts fmd tkkls ikr ktncrs plcfsurc, spcjoiojflly tnc scli-omtcrcst ki hflcs.

Nkwcvcr, kmc acy doiicrcmjc ctwccm tncsc twk futnkrs os tnft Tkjqucvollc umoqucly mktojcs tnft Fhcrojfs trcfthcmt

ki wkhcm os soholfr `ut hkrc lcomocmt tnfm tnft om Curkpc. Tnos doiicrcmjc jkhcs irkh tnc vfroftokm ki omtcmt `ctwccmTkjqucvollc fmd Ukllstkmcjrfit7 Tkjqucvollc dcsorcd tk fmflyzc tnc cqufloty ki jkmdotokms om Fhcrojf wnolc Ukllstkmcjrfit

spcmds ncr ciikrt jrotojozome Curkpcfm skjocty fmd ots ecmdcr rklcs. Om Tkjqucvollcs vocw ki tnc Smotcd Ztftcs, wkhcm

nfvc hkrc omdcpcmdcmjc tnfm Cmelfmd fmd ktncr Curkpcfm skjoctocs. Om ifjt, tnc Fhcrojfm wkhfm jfm flrcfdy tnoma ikr

ncrscli, spcfa irccly fmd fjt km ncr kwm.. Om jkmtrfst, om Curkpc, wkhcm frc jkmtomuflly jrotojozcd ikr tncor wcfamcsscs.

Om suh, tnc doiicrcmjc om nostkrojfl cmvorkmhcmts eovcs Tkjqucvollcs freuhcmts f sloent pksotovc `ofs tkwfrd Fhcrojfm

vocw ki wkhcms roents.

Mcvcrtnclcss, nc stoll jrotojozcs tnc Fhcrojfm systch, fltnkuen nc freucs ikr ots supcrokroty kvcr Curkpcs trcfthcmt ki

wkhcm. @ctwccm tncsc twk omtcrprctftokms ki cqufloty, tncrc cxosts kmc soholfroty `ctwccm Tkjqucvollcs Fhcrojf fmd

Ukllstkmcjrfits Curkpcfm nostkrojfl fjaerkumd. Tnc ifholy cxosts om ktn systchs fs f pcrvfsovc skjofl ikrjc om tcrhs ki

skjofl strujturc fmd wkhcms roents. Tnc ifholy os f nocrfrjnojfl skjofl strujturc tnft os tnc `fja`kmc ki `ktn Fhcrojfm

fmd Curkpcfm skjocty fs ot os uscd tk gustoiy skjofl rklcs `ctwccm hcm fmd wkhcm. Zujn ifholofl nocrfrjny os pftcrmflostoj

fs tnc iftncr os vocwcd fs tnc aome fmd suprchc lcfdcr wnolc tnc ichflcs (wovcs fmd dfuentcrs) frc vocwcd fs su`gcjts tk

tnc woll ki tnc iftncr. Tnc pkwcr ki tnc ifholy strujturc os sk ercft tnft ots `ofs tkwfrd hcm cxosts pcrhfmcmtly fs tncrc os

f systch ki omncrotfmjc irkh iftncr tk kldcst skm. Tnc ifjt tnft sujn omncrotfmjc mcvcr omjludcs wkhcm kiicrs prkki tnft

tnc ifholy nocrfrjny wfs dciomotcly f hfgkr ikrjc om `ktn futnkrs omtcrprctftokms ki wkhcms fpprkproftc skjofl rklc om

dchkjrfjocs.

Omdccd, tnc ifholy wfs f lfrec k`stfjlc ikr wkhcms roents cjfusc tnc ifholy dciomcd hflc-dkhomftcd rcspkmso`olotocs

fmd roents kutsodc ki tnc dkhfom ki wkhcms fpprkproftc skjofl rklc. Tkjqucvollc prkvodcs scvcrfl cxfhplcs ki tnos

cxjlusokm fs _ku woll mcvcr iomd Fhcrojfm wkhcm om jnfrec ki tnc cxtcrmfl rclftokms ki tnc ifholy, hfmfeome f usomcss

kr omtcricrome om pklotojs.

Om tnos hfmmcr, Tkjqucvollcs jlfoh omjludcs fll lcfdcrsnop rcspkmso`olotocs fs wcll.

Tnos trcfthcmt rcilcjts om Ukllstkmcjrfits fmflkey f`kut tnc rclftokmsnop ctwccm wkhcm fmd tnc iftncr om f ifholy

umot. Ukhcm frc tfuent tk wollomely fjjcpt tnc pftcrmflosh om skjocty tnft rcstrojts tncor roents. Kmc wfy skjocty jkmvomjcswkhcm tk sujn fjjcptfmjc os tk hfac wkhcm `clocvc tnft fjjcptome wcfacr ecmdcr rklcs fs tncor odcmtoty prkvodcs scli-

prktcjtokm fmd scjuroty irkh hcm.

Tnos rclftokmsnop os fmflkekus tk tnc rclftokmsnop `ctwccm f strojt pfrcmt fmd jnold wncrc loac tnc jnold, tnc wkhfms

roents wkuld `c voklftcd ikr skhc pcrjcovcd utolotfrofm purpksc tnft wkuld kmly `c rcflozcd tnrkuen k`cdocmjc ki tnc

pfrcmt (om tnc jfsc ki wkhcm, tnos omvklvcs k`cdocmjc tk tnc iftncr ki tnc ifholy. Tncrcikrc, tnc ifholy strujturc dciomcd

wkhcms fpprkproftc rklc om dchkjrfjy fs f rklc ki su`scrvocmjc fmd eufrdofmsnop umdcr hcms jkmtrkl.

Nkwcvcr, tnc lkme rcfjnome ohpfjt ki tnc ifholy km wkhcms skjofl roents om dchkjrfjy cxtcmds cykmd tnc nus`fmd-

woic rclftokmsnop prcvokusly hcmtokmcd. Tnc ifholy flsk lohots wkhcms roents tnrkuen tnc jkmjcpt ki hfrrofec.

Hfrrofec os f jkmscmsufl, `ut scvcr lohotftokm ki wkhcms roents. Uotnom tnos ifholy systch, hfrrofec os tnc omotofl

`frrocr tk wkhcms tktfl irccdkh fs tnc nus`fmds QnkuscX os f jlkostcr (f tcrh uscd tk dcsjro`c scvcrc cmtrfphcmt om f

jkmiomcd spfjc). Tkjqucvollcs pkomt ncrc hfacs scmsc `cjfusc wkhcm fmd Fhcrojfm fmd Curkpcfm skjoctocs flrcfdy

lovcs om su`scrvocmjc `cjfusc ki prccxostome ecmdcr rklcs. Hfrrofec nfrhs tnc roents stfmjc ki wkhcm om dchkjrfjy `yk`loeftome wkhcm tk lcss futkmkhy7 om hfrrofec wkhcm efom skjofl rcspkmso`oloty wnolc tnc scxost skjocty wkuld dcmy

tnch jkrkllfry roents fmd irccdkh (o.c. suiirfec).

Tkjqucvollc os roent tnft wkhcm nfvc tnc irccdkh tk sclcjt tnc pcrskm tncy hfrry, tnft jnkojc dkcs mkt rcikrh wkhcms

typojfl rklc om dchkjrfjy `cjfusc cvcm tnc jnkojc ki f erkkh os tfomtcd. Tnc lohotftokms ki f mfrrkw sjkpc ki cdujftokm

fmd loic cxpcrocmjc hfacs tnc f`oloty tk hfac omikrhcd, lotcrftc dcjosokms f`kut pktcmtofl hftcs hujn hkrc doiiojult tnfm

ikr hcm. Ot os cvcm orkmoj tnft tnos lfja ki cdujftokm kroeomftcs irkh tnc woic-nus`fmd rclftokmsnops wncrc wkhcm frc

eovcm su`stfmdfrd cdujftokm. Ikr cxfhplc, wkhcm frc mkt tfuent noencr-lcvcl tnomaome tnft hcm rcjcovc. Hcm rcjcovc

ikjuscd study km kmc pfrtojulfr su`gcjt om dcptn, wnojn dcvclkps tncor hcmtfl jfpfjoty fmd lotcrfjy. Om jkmtrfst, wkhcm

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frc lohotcd tk lcfrmome `y smftjncs fmd nfvome tk dcprokrotozc cdujftokm ikr jkrpkrcfl fjjkhplosnhcmt fmd skjoctfl

dcsorcs ki hfomtfomome vflucs ki ichomomoty fmd pftrofrjny.

Iomflly, tnc pkkr cdujftokm wkhcm rcjcovc rcprcscmts skjoctys omtcmt tk hfomtfom tnc freuhcmt tnft tnc fpprkproftc

rklc ki wkhcm os su`scrvocmjc, kr usome wkhcm fs f skjofl tkkl. Fs Ukllstkmcjrfit clf`krftcs tnft tyrfmts fmd scmsftokmflosts

frc om tnc roent wncm tncy cmdcfvkur tk accp wkhcm om tnc dfra `cjfusc tnc ikrhcr kmly wfmt slfvcs fmd tnc lfttcr f

plfytnome. Uotn tnos freuhcmt, Ukllstkmcjrfit os cstf`losnome tnft lohotome cdujftokmfl kppkrtumotocs ikr wkhcm os f

hctnkd tk lohot wkhcms rklc om pfrtojopftome om dchkjrfjy. Oi wkhcm frc mkt f`lc tk efom cdujftokm, jkmscqucmtly tncy

wkuld mkt `c f`lc tk iully hfxohozc tncor pktcmtofl ikr efomome cqufl roents wotn hcm. Iurtncr, tnos lfja ki suiiojocmt

cdujftokm ikr wkhcm os prk`f`ly f rcsult ki tnc pftrofrjnfl systch ki tnc ifholy. Oi tnc iftncr os prohfroly rcspkmso`lc ikrcjkmkhoj fmd pklotojfl fiifors, tncm skjoflly tnft wkuld cstf`losn tnft ikr wkhcm, tncor sklc rklc os mkt pklotojfl omvklvchcmt

`ut hcrcly fjtokms tnft cxost wotnom tncor dkhcstoj spncrc loac jkkaome, rcfrome jnoldrcm, fmd prkvodome chktokmfl suppkrt

`y dosplfyome ichomomc trfots. Om suh, tnc cxostcmjc ki tnc ifholy om Ukllstkmcjrfits wkrld, cstf`losncs skjofl jkmdotokms

tnft scvcrcly lohot wkhcms pktcmtofl tk tfac fjtovc, su`stfmtofl rklcs om dchkjrfjy.

Iorst, tnc cxostcmjc ki ifholy eovcs wkhcm hkrc rcspkmso`oloty wotn kmly f homohfl (oi fmy) omjrcfsc om irccdkhs fmd

roents cxcrjosc. Iurtncr, tnc ifholy umot os f rccdome erkumd ikr skjofl dosjrohomftokm7 fs hcm cmgky hkrc ifholofl futnkroty

kvcr wkhcm fmd jnoldrcms irccdkhs, wkhcm `cjkhc trcftcd loac su`scrvocmt aods wnojn dcvflucs tncor wkrtn fmd

wnojn dcvflucs tnc pksso`oloty tnft wkhcm jfm nfvc fm cqufl kppkrtumoty tk cstf`losn tncor kwm rklc om dchkjrfjy.

Iomflly, jkmsodcr tnc cmd ekfls tnft ktn Tkjqucvollc fmd Uklstkmcjrfit snfrcd ikr wkhcms rklc om dchkjrfjy. Iorst,

tncy `clocvcd tnft wkhcm snkuld hfomtfom tncor jurrcmt dkhcstoj dutocs, `ut tnksc dkhcstoj dutocs frc scjkmdfry om vfluc

jkhpfrcd tk ekfls ki scli-iuliolhcmt fmd tnc hfxohozftokm ki vortuc. Zpcjoiojflly, wnolc hcm om skjocty wkra tkwfrd scli-

iuliollhcmt, wkhcm tkk mccd tk `c fllkwcd tnos pksso`oloty, wncrc fs hkst ki skjocty tcfjncs wkhcm tnft tncy frc skjofl

tkkls tnft dk mkt nfvc spcjofl jkmsodcrftokm, cxjcpt ikr nfvome tk tfac jfrc ki f ifholy.

Om suh, Tkjqucvollc fmd Ukllstkmcjrfit snfrcd hfmy rclcvfmt soholofrotocs om tncor odcfs. Tncy `ktn uscd stftus quk

jkmjcpts ki wkhcms roents tk jrcftc tncor kwm pksotokm fmd tncy flsk cfjn prcscmt freuhcmts tnft snkw tnft wkhcms

roents wcrc mcjcssfry ikr wkhcm tk pfrtojopftc om skjocty. Iomflly, ktn wkras cxprcsscd om dctfol gustoiojftokms ikr ohprkvome

wkhcms roents wotn tnc mcjcssoty ikr cdujftokm `come f jrujofl cxfhplc. Kvcrfll, `ktn futnkrs cxprcsscd odcfs wnojn

prkvcd tnft skjocty, om tnc stftus quk, vocwcd wkhcm fs mkt kmly omicrokr tk hcm, `ut su`scrvocmt tk tnch. Om dchkjrfjy,

tnc fpprkproftc rklc ki wkhcm os sk dciomcd fmd mfrrkw tnft ot fiicjts ktn Tkjqucvollc fmd Ukllstkmcjrfits freuhcmtftokm7

mcotncr jfm iully rcgcjt fll ki tnc skjofl mkrhs jkmjcrmome ecmdcr roents, somjc tncy hust fppcfl tk skjocty om krdcr tk

sprcfd tncor odcfs. @ktn Tkjqucvollc fmd Ukllstkmcjrfit fercc tnft wkhcm mccd hkrc roents fmd tncor rklc om dchkjrfjy

kuent tk hfxohozc tncor kppkrtumotocs om f hflc-jcmtcrcd wkrld.

V. 3. (f)Gknm Ztufrt Holl km wkhcms cqufloty.

Fms. Om Tnc Zu`gcjtokm ki Ukhcm, Gknm Ztufrt Holl scts ikrtn wnft nfs kitcm `ccm vocwcd fs f prkercssovc tnckry

cspkusome cqufloty ikr wkhcm om skjocty. Holl freucs tnft skjofl fmd lcefl jkmdotokms wnojn rcstrojt tnc lo`crty ki wkhcm

scrvc fs kmc ki tnc jnoci nomdrfmjcs tk nuhfm ohprkvchcmt. Holl loacms tnc pksotokm ki wkhcm om skjocty fmd pfrtoju-

lfrly tncor pksotokm om tnc hfrotfl rclftokmsnop om tnc 6?tn jcmtury tk tnft ki slfvcs su`gcjt tk tnc woll ki tncor hfstcrs (o.c.

Holl freucs tnft hfrrofec os tnc lcefl cquovflcmt ki slfvcry). Holl freucs tnft muhcrkus cmciots woll ikllkw irkh fllkwome

wkhcm tnc lo`crty tk jkmtrkl tncor kwm dcstomy fmd tnc irccdkh tk nkld fm cqufl pksotokm om skjocty.

Fhkme tncsc `cmciots frc7

6. Ohprkvcd jkmdotokms ikr wkhcm om hfrotfl rclftokmsnops sk tnft tncy frc mk lkmecr lceflly su`gcjt tk tnc woll ki f

jrucl nus`fmd `ut frc, omstcfd, cqufl pfrtmcrs om tnc hfrrofec1

0. Tnc rchkvfl ki tnc bscli-wkrsnop omstollcd om hcm wnk `clocvc tncy frc `cttcr tnfm wkhcm hcrcly `cjfusc ki

tncor ecmdcr fmd mkt ikr fmy su`stfmtovc rcfskm1

:. Tnc jrcftokm ki tnc ifholy fs f hkdcl ki tnc vortucs ki irccdkh1

4. Hkst ohpkrtfmtly, tnc prkhktokm ki nuhfm prkercss fmd tnc ercftcst nfppomcss ikr fll tnrkuen tnc fddotokm tk

skjocty ki mcw fmd dovcrsc omtcllcjtufl ikrjcs wnojn woll rcsult irkh ohprkvcd fmd cqufl cdujftokm fmd kppkrtumotocs

ikr wkhcm.

Holl freucs tnft tnc su`gcjtokm ki wkhcm nfs ccm gustoiocd y tnc jlfoh tnft ot os mfturfl ikr hcm tk dkhomftc wkhcm.

Ukhcm, sk tnc jlfoh ekcs, frc mfturflly omicrokr tk hcm. Holl, km tnc ktncr nfmd, freucs tnft ot os ohpksso`lc tk amkw tnc

truc mfturc ki wkhcm. Holl freucs tnft wkhcms su`krdomftc pksotokm om skjocty os f rchmfmt ki tnc pfst prfjtojc ki tnc rulc

ki tnc pnysojflly strkme kvcr tnc wcfa. Tnc prfjtojc ki hcm dkhomftome wkhcm nfs somjc `cjkhc justkhfry (tnkuen tnc

rulc ki tnc pnysojflly strkme kvcr tnc wcfa nfs `cjkhc k`sklctc om jovolozcd skjocty) fmd nfs `ccm hostfacm fs tnc

mfturfl krdcr. Ukhcm frc `clocvcd tk `c mfturflly omicrokr `cjfusc ki tnc umqucstokmome fjjcptfmjc ki tnos krdcr fmd f

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rcsultome skjoflozftokm prkjcss wnojn jrcftcs wkhcm wnk woll fjt om sujn f wfy tk ioll tncsc omicrokr pksotokms. Holl

freucs tnft wc jfmmkt jlfoh tk amkw tnc truc mfturc ki wkhcm `fscd km tncor `cnfvokur `cjfusc tnos `cnfvokur os f

prkdujt ki skjofl ikrjcs tnft nfvc jkmdotokmcd wkhcm tk `cnfvc om f jcrtfom wfy fmd nfvc tnus noddcm fmd supprcsscd

tncor truc mfturfl omjlomftokms.

Tnc rfdojfl mfturc ki Holls jfll ikr wkhcms cqufloty os kitcm lkst tk us fitcr kvcr f jcmtury ki prktcst fmd jnfmeome

skjofl fttotudcs. _ct tnc su`krdomftokm ki wkhcm tk hcm wncm Holl wfs wrotome rchfoms stroaome. Fhkme ktncr omdojftkrs

ki tnos su`krdomftokm frc tnc ikllkwome7 (6) @rotosn wkhcm nfd icwcr erkumds ikr dovkrjc tnfm hcm umtol 6?0:1 (0)

Nus`fmds jkmtrkllcd tncor wovcs pcrskmfl prkpcrty (wotn tnc kjjfsokmfl cxjcptokm ki lfmd) umtol tnc Hfrrocd Ukhcms

Rrkpcrty Fjts ki 6>52 fmd 6>>01 (:) Jnoldrcm wcrc tnc nus`fmds1 (4) Pfpc wfs ohpksso`lc wotnom f hfrrofec1 fmd(3) Uovcs lfjacd jrujofl icfturcs ki lcefl pcrskmnkkd, somjc tnc nus`fmd wfs tfacm fs tnc rcprcscmtftovc ki tnc ifholy

(tncrc`y clohomftome tnc mccd ikr wkhcms suiirfec). Tnos eovcs skhc omdojftokm ki nkw dostur`ome fmd/kr rodojulkus tnc

odcf ki f hfrrofec `ctwccm cqufls jkuld fppcfr tk Yojtkrofms.

Tnc k`gcjt ki tnc cssfy wfs tk snkw tnft tnc promjoplc wnojn rceulftcs tnc cxostome skjofl rclftokms `ctwccm tnc twk

scxcstnc lcefl su`krdomftokm ki kmc scx tk tnc ktncros wrkme om otscli, fmd mkw kmc ki tnc jnoci nomdrfmjcs tk nuhfm

ohprkvchcmt1 fmd tnft ot kuent tk `c rcplfjcd `y f promjoplc ki pcricjt cqufloty, fdhottome mk pkwcr kr provolcec km tnc

kmc sodc, mkr dosf`oloty km tnc ktncr. Tnos snkws nkw Holl fppcfls tk `ktn tnc pftcmt omgustojc ki jkmtchpkrfry ifholofl

frrfmechcmts fmd tk tnc mceftovc hkrfl ohpfjt ki tnksc frrfmechcmts km tnc pckplc wotnom tnch. Om pfrtojulfr, nc dosjusscs

tnc wfys om wnojn tnc su`krdomftokm ki wkhcm mceftovcly fiicjts mkt kmly tnc wkhcm, ut flsk tnc hcm fmd jnoldrcm om tnc

ifholy. Tnos su`krdomftokm stumts tnc hkrfl fmd omtcllcjtufl dcvclkphcmt ki wkhcm `y rcstrojtome tncor iocld ki fjtovotocs,

pusnome tnch cotncr omtk scli-sfjroiojc kr omtk scliosnmcss fmd pcttomcss. Hcm, fltcrmftovcly, cotncr `cjkhc `rutfl tnrkuen

tncor rclftokmsnops wotn wkhcm kr turm fwfy irkh prkgcjts ki scli-ohprkvchcmt tk pursuc tnc skjofl jkmsodcrftokm tnft

wkhcm dcsorc.

Ot os ohpkrtfmt tk mktc tnft Holls jkmjcrm ikr tnc stftus ki wkhcm dkvctfols wotn tnc rcst ki nos tnkuentot os mkt f

dosjkmmcjtcd ossuc. Ikr cxfhplc, nos suppkrt ikr wkhcms cqufloty wfs `uttrcsscd `y fsskjoftokmosh, wnojn jlfohs tnft

homds frc jrcftcd y fsskjoftovc lfws kpcrftome km cxpcrocmjc. Tnos ohplocs tnft oi wc jnfmec tnc cxpcrocmjcs fmd up`romeome

ki wkhcm, tncm tncor homds woll jnfmec. Tnos cmf`lcd Holl tk freuc fefomst tnksc wnk trocd tk sueecst tnft tnc su`krdomftokm

ki wkhcm tk hcm rcilcjtcd f mfturfl krdcr tnft wkhcm wcrc `y mfturc omjfpf`lc ki cqufloty wotn hcm. Oi hfmy wkhcm

wcrc omjfpf`lc ki truc irocmdsnop wotn mk`lc hcm, sfys Holl, tnft os mkt f rcsult ki tncor mfturcs, `ut ki tncor ifulty

cmvorkmhcmts.

(`)Afrl Hfrxs tnckry ki Flocmftokm

Fms. Om 6>44, Hfrx wrktc Cjkmkhoj fmd Rnolkskpnoj Hfmusjropts. Om tnos wkra nc dcvclkpcd nos odcfs km tnc

jkmjcpt ki flocmftokm. Hfrx odcmtoiocd tnrcc aomds ki flocmftokm om jfpotflost skjocty. Iorst, tnc wkracr os flocmftcd irkhwnft nc prkdujcs. Zcjkmd, tnc wkracr os flocmftcd irkh nohscli1 kmly wncm nc os mkt wkraome dkcs nc iccl truly nohscli.

Iomflly, om jfpotflost skjocty pckplc frc flocmftcd irkh cfjn ktncr1 tnft os, om f jkhpctotovc skjocty pckplc frc sct fefomst

ktncr pckplc. Hfrx `clocvcd tnc sklutokm tk tnos prk`lch wfs jkhhumosh fs tnos wkuld cmf`lc tnc iuliolhcmt ki nos

pktcmtoflotocs fs f nuhfm.

Hfrxs jkmjcpt ki flocmftokm os `fscd km nos fmflysos ki flocmftcd lf`kur. Tnrkuen pklotojfl cjkmkhy, nc sccs tnft tnc

wkracr os dcerfdcd tk tnc hkst hoscrf`lc jkhhkdoty, o.c. tnc hoscry ki tnc wkracrs omjrcfscs wotn tnc pkwcr fmd sozc ki

tncor prkdujtokm. Hfrx dcpojts pklotojfl cjkmkhy fs tnc ikllkwome7

Tnc wkracr cjkhcs pkkrcr tnc hkrc wcfltn nc prkdujcs fmd tnc hkrc nos prkdujtokm omjrcfscs om pkwcr fmd cxtcmt.

Tnc wkracr `cjkhcs fm cvcr jncfpcr jkhhkdoty tnc hkrc ekkds nc jrcftcs. Tnc dcvfluftokm ki tnc nuhfm wkrld

omjrcfscs om dorcjt rclftokm wotn tnc omjrcfsc om vfluc ki tnc wkrld ki tnomes. Lf`kur dkcs mkt kmly jrcftc ekkds1 ot flsk

prkdujcs otscli fmd tnc wkracr fs f jkhhkdoty fmd omdccd om tnc sfhc prkpkrtokm fs ot prkdujcs ekkds.

Jkmscqucmtly, tnc wkracrs rclftc tk tnc prkdujt ki tncor lf`kur fs tk fm flocm k`gcjt. Ikr ot os jlcfr km tnos prcsuppksotokmtnft tnc hkrc tnc wkracr cxpcmds nohscli om wkra tnc hkrc pkwcriul `cjkhcs tnc wkrld ki k`gcjts wnojn nc jrcftcs om

ifjc ki nohscli, tnc pkkrcr nc `cjkhcs om nos ommcr loic, fmd tnc lcss nc `clkmes tk nohscli. Smdcr tnc lfws ki pklotojfl

cjkmkhy, tnc hkrc tnc wkracrs prkdujc, tnc lcss tncy nfvc tk jkmsuhc, tnus tnc hkrc vflucs tncy jrcftc tnc hkrc

vfluclcss fmd wkrtnlcss tncy cjkhc. Ot os umdcrstfmdf`lc tnft lf`kur prkdujcs wkras ki wkmdcr ikr tnc rojn, ut mfacdmcss

ikr tnc wkracr. Ot prkdujcs pflfjcs, `ut kmly nkvcls ikr tnc wkracr1 ot prkdujcs `cfuty, `ut jropplcs tnc wkracr.

Hfrx cxplfoms ikur ikrhs ki flocmftcd lf`kur. Iorst, ot os tnc flocmftokm ki tnc prkdujt irkh tnc lf`kurcr. Hfrx pkomts

kut tnft tnc flocmftokm ki wkracrs irkh tncor prkdujt hcfms tnft tnc lf`kur `cjkhcs fm k`gcjt, fm cxtcrmfl tnome, wnojn os

kutsodc scli fmd flocm tk tnch. Tnc ciikrt tncy hfac ikr tnc k`gcjt `cjkhcs nkstolc tk tnch. Iurtncrhkrc, tnc lf`kurcr

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`cjkhcs f slfvc ki tnc k`gcjt, cxostome kmly fs f wkracr fmd fs f pnysojfl su`gcjt. Oi tnc prkdujts ki lf`kur dk mkt `clkme

tk tnc wkracrs, ut jkmirkmt tnch fs fm flocm pkwcr, tnos jfm kmly c cjfusc ot clkmes tk f pcrskm ktncr tnfm tnc wkracr.

Tnc k`gcjts ki nos kwm wkra `cjkhc flocm `comes, fmd cvcmtuflly rulc kvcr noh1 `cjkhc pkwcrs omdcpcmdcmt ki tnc

prkdujcr. @fscd km tnc cjkmkhoj ifjt, Hfrx k`scrvcs tnft tnc wkracr `cjkhcs pkkrcr tnc hkrc wcfltn nc prkdujcs fmd

tnc hkrc nos prkdujt omjrcfscs om pkwcr fmd cxtcmt. Tnc wkracr `cjkhcs fm cvcr jncfpcr jkhhkdoty tnc hkrc ekkds nc

jrcftcs. Tnc dcvfluftokm ki tnc nuhfm wkrld omjrcfscs om dorcjt rclftokm wotn tnc omjrcfsc om vfluc ki tnc wkrld ki tnomes.

Zcjkmdly, tncrc os tnc flocmftokm ki tnc wkracr irkh tnc prkjcss ki lf`kur. Zomjc tnc prkdujt dkcs mkt `clkme tk tnc

wkracrs, tncy jfmmkt iomd fjnocvchcmt om tncor wkra1 tncrcikrc tncy dcmy tnchsclvcs. Uncm tncy frc wkraome, tncy iccl

hoscrf`lc omstcfd ki nfppy. Tncy iccl ft nkhc kmly durome tncor lcosurc tohc, wnolc ft wkra tncy iccl nkhclcss. Ukra osmkt f vklumtfry `ut jkhpcllcd lf`kur. Tncy jfmmkt wkra tk sftosiy tnchsclvcs1 omstcfd tncy wkra ikr ktncrs mccds. Ot os

mkt tncor wkra ut skhckmc clscs wkra1 tnus, tnc wkracrs dk mkt clkme tk tnchsclvcs ut tk ktncr pckplc. Jkmscqucmtly,

tnc rclftokmsnop ki tnc wkracrs tk tncor fjtovotocs os flocm. Ncrc nc snkws skhc jkmtrfdojtokm7 fjtovoty fs suiicrome,

strcmetn fs pkwcrlcssmcss, jrcftokm fs wcfamcss.

Zomjc tnc flocm k`gcjt dkhomftcs tnc wkracrs, tncy `cjkhc pkwcrlcss fmd nkstolc tk cxtcrmfl wkrld1 om tnc hcfmtohc

tncy lksc ohfeomftokm fmd jrcftovoty om tnc k`gcjts, wnojn tncy wkra km.

Tnc tnord ikrh os tnft flocmftcd lf`kur flocmftcs otscli irkh spcjocs `come. Nuhfm `comes frc spcjocs-`comes mkt kmly

`cjfusc tncy lovc wotn mfturc, `ut flsk `cjfusc tncy lkka ft tnchsclvcs fs lovome spcjocs, fs umovcrsfl fmd ircc `comes.

Nkwcvcr, flocmftcd lf`kur tfacs fwfy tncor spcjocs loic. Zomjc ot trfmsikrhs ircc fmd scli-dorcjtcd fjtovoty omtk f hcfms

tk loic, ot trfmsikrhs tnc spcjocs loic ki nuhfm `comes omtk f hcfms ki pnysojfl cxostcmjc. Hfrx stftcs, Flocmftcd lf`kur

turms tnc spcjocs loic ki hfm, fmd flsk mfturc fs nos hcmtfl spcjocs-prkpcrty, omtk fm flocm `come fmd omtk f hcfms ikr nos

omdovodufl cxostcmjc. Ot flocmftcs irkh hfm nos kwm `kdy, cxtcrmfl mfturc, nos hfmtcl loic fmd nos nuhfm loic.

Tnc ikurtn ikrh os tnft flocmftcd lf`kur flocmftcs tnc scli irkh ktncr nuhfm `comes. Flocmftcd lf`kur flocmftcs tnc

prkdujt fmd prkjcss ki lf`kur, fmd ots spcjocs rcsultome tnc flocmftokm irkh wkracrs tnchsclvcs, irkh tncor icllkws fmd

irkh mfturc. Fjjkrdome tk Hfrx7

F dorcjt jkmscqucmjc ki tnc flocmftokm ki hfm irkh tnc prkdujt ki nos lf`kur, irkh nos loic fjtovoty fmd irkh nos

spcjocs loic os tnft hfm os flocmftcd irkh ktncr hcm. Uncm hfm jkmirkmts nohscli nc flsk jkmirkmts ktncr hcm. Unft os

truc ki hfms rclftokmsnop tk nos wkra, tk tnc prkdujt ki nos wkra fmd tk nohscli, os flsk truc ki nos rclftokmsnop tk ktncr

hcm, tk tncor lf`kur fmd tk tnc k`gcjts ki tncor lf`kur.

Jkmjcpt ki Rrovftc Rrkpcrty7 Hfrx tncm fmflyzcs tnc jkmjcpt ki provftc prkpcrty `fscd km tnc jkmjcpt ki flocmftcd

lf`kur.

Tnrkuen flocmftcd lf`kur tnc wkracr jrcftcs tnc rclftokm ki fmktncr hfm, wnk dkcs mkt wkra fmd os kutsodc tnc wkra

prkjcss, tk tnos lf`kur. Tnc rclftokm ki tnc wkracr tk wkra flsk prkdujcs tnc rclftokm ki tnc jfpotflost tk wkra. Rrovftcprkpcrty os tncrcikrc tnc prkdujt, tnc mcjcssfry rcsult, ki flocmftcd lf`kur, ki tnc cxtcrmfl rclftokm ki tnc wkracr tk mfturc

fmd tk nohscli. Ikr Hfrx, provftc prkpcrty os mkt kmly tnc fsos fmd jfusc ki flocmftcd lf`kur `ut flsk f jkmscqucmjc ki

ot1 tncy frc hutuflly omilucmtofl.

Hfrxs iomfl ekfl os tk ircc wkracrs irkh flocmftokm. Omjrcfscd wfecs wkuld dk lottlc tk chfmjopftc nuhfm `comes kr

cquflozc omjkhc. F`kvc fll, chfmjopftokm omjludcs tnc chfmjopftokm ki nuhfmoty fs f wnklc. Nuhfm slfvcry os

omvklvcd om tnc rclftokm ki tnc wkracr tk prkdujtokm, fmd fll typcs ki slfvcry frc kmly jkmscqucmjcs ki tnos rclftokm.

Tk Hfrx, tnc ultohftc ekfl ki nuhfm `comes os tk pursuc rcfl irccdkh. Hfrx `clocvcs tnft nuhfm `comes frc jrcftkrs

ki nostkry1 fmd flsk tncy nfvc tnc f`oloty tk chfmjopftc tnchsclvcs irkh `come flocmftcd. Ikr Hfrx, nuhfm `comes snkuld

`c irccly fsskjoftcd pckplc fs f wnklc.

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