View
88
Download
2
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
DIMETRODisciplina: DendrometriaProf. Allyson Rocha AlvesUNIVERSIDADE FEDEDERAL RURAL DO SEMIRIDO
INTRODUODIMETRO CRESCIMENTOVOLUMEREA BASAL
INTRODUODAP Medida fcil de ser avaliada; Base para outros clculos (ex: rea seccional e basal); uma caracterstica facilmente avaliada; suas medidas so confiveis;Dimetro a Altura do Peito
INTRODUODAPErros podem ser limitados pela utilizao de instrumentos apropriados, Utilizao de mtodos de medio adequados; erros de medio e suas causas so reconhecidos;Dimetro a Altura do Peito
INTRODUODAPDimetro a Altura do PeitoSistema internacional de unidades: Brasil: 1,30 m EUA: 1,37 m Inglaterra: 1,29 m Japo: 1,25 m
INTRODUOMedio de Circunferncia DimetroR = D/2C = 2 D/2C = D ouD = C/
SITUAES PRTICAS DE CAMPOFonte: Soares, Neto e Souza, 2006
SITUAES PRTICAS DE CAMPOMEDIO DOS DIMETROS EM RVORES BIFURCADAS 1 CASO: RAMOS COM ALTURAS DIFERENTES, deve-se medir o dimetro de cada ramo e calcular seu volume isolado, e no final soma o volume de cada ramo e encontra o volume da rvore.
2 CASO: RAMOS COM MESMA ALTURA, nesse caso pode se calcular um nico volume para a rvore a partir do dimetro obtido da seguinte forma:
DIMETRO EQUIVALENTE (deq )
_____________Deq = DAP2
rea seccional e rea Basal - importantes para clculo de volumeg = * DAP (dimetro em metros) 4g = * DAP (dimetro em centmetros) 40000- Importante da densidade do povoamento; Grau de ocupao de determinada rea por madeira
Desvio da seo do fuste da forma circularDficit de convexidade e Dficit isoperimtrico
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Medida direta de DAP; Barra graduada c/ dois braos paralelos (um fixo e um mvel) perpendiculares barra
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Requerimentos bsicos para uma suta:O material deve ser resistente, prova d gua e fcil de limpar (acmulo de resinas, leos etc.). De metais leves (alumnio);2. Braos totalmente paralelos; e3. A escala de graduao das medidas deve estar calibrada e legvel
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Cuidados nas medies- Suta perpendicular ao eixo da rvore;- Duas medidas em sees no circulares.Desvantagens- Transporte da suta;- Tomada de duas medidas;- Resduos prejudicam braos mveis.
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Erros mais frequentes2. Inclinao da suta - medidas >s de dimetro
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Erros mais frequentes4. Variao da presso de contato - fora excessiva exercida pelos braos da suta sobre o fuste da rvore: dimetros menores; - erro mais difcil de controlar.
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOFITA DIAMTRICA - Lona ou ao; Graduada em uma das faces em cm e na outra em dimetro Cada cm corresponde ao permetro do circulo multiplicado por ; Dimenso normal de 5m
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOFITA DIAMTRICA Cuidados- rvores c/ deformaes;- Inclinao da fita.
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOFITA DIAMTRICA
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOFITA DIAMTRICA Erros semelhantes aos da suta Inclinao da fita; No observncia da altura de medio; Variao da presso de contatos; liquens, gomas e partculas no removidas da casca.
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORGUA DE BILTMORE 016XoperadorValor do dimetro
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORGUA DE BILTMORE
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORGUA DE BILTMORE L = distncia do operador rvore;d = valor do dimetro correspondente graduao da rgua de Biltmore;D = dimetro da rvore.
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORGUA DE BILTMORE Teorema de Pitgoras:AC = AH + HC AH =
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORGUA DE BILTMORE Substituindo (5) em (6):______________d/2_____L=D/2Dividindo por L:
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOGARFO DE DIMETRO Estratificao das rvores por classe de dimetro
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOPenta Prisma de Wheeler Medio de dimetros a diferentes alturas; acoplado a um suunto (medio de altura); cubagem de rvores em p.
INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORgua Medio de toros
MDIAS DOS DIMETROS
INTRODUOTAMANHO DAS RVORES NAS FLORESTASFlorestas Naturais: Muitas rvores jovens de pequeno tamanho e poucas rvores velhas de grande porte;Florestas Plantadas: Muitas rvores de porte mdio, poucas de pequenas e de grandes dimenses.
INTRODUODISTRIBUIO DE DIMETROS (D)Em florestas nativas a distribuio de dimetros exponencial negativa:
Grf8
659.1
214.8
110.8
67
41.2
18.6
10.3
7.1
2.6
0.8
1.4
0.6
0.2
0.4
0.2
d (cm)
rvores (n/ha)
FLORESTAS NATIVAS
FlorestaNativa
CLASSES DE dFREQNCIASESTATSTICAS
NLICCLSNiMTotalhcgGvV
157.59.99659.1111.3770.45.50.004422.9120.014689.67
21012.514.99214.816.9231.77.90.012272.6360.0677314.55
31517.519.99110.87.1117.99.40.024052.6650.1814920.11
42022.524.9967.02.669.610.60.039762.6640.3788625.38
52527.529.9941.22.643.811.50.059402.4470.6836328.17
63032.534.9918.62.220.812.30.082961.5431.1203920.84
73537.539.9910.30.410.712.90.110451.1381.7144517.66
84042.544.997.11.28.313.50.141861.0072.4917417.69
94547.549.992.60.43.014.00.177210.4613.478809.04
105052.554.990.80.21.014.50.216480.1734.702693.76
115557.559.991.40.01.414.90.259670.3646.190948.67
126062.564.990.60.00.615.30.306800.1847.971524.78
136567.569.990.20.00.215.60.357850.07210.072832.01
147072.574.990.40.00.416.00.412820.16512.523635.01
157577.579.990.20.00.216.30.471730.09415.353063.07
TOTAIS1135.1144.9128018.524190.42
MDIAS12.19430006177.20.016320.16776
Fonte: Pulz et al. (1999)
PULZ, F.A., SCOLFORO, J.R., OLIVEIRA, A.D.de, MELLO, J.M.de & OLIVEIRA FILHO, T.de.1999. Acuracidade da predio da distribuio diamtrica de uma floresta inequinea com a matriz de transio. CERNE, v.5, n.1, p.001-014, 1999.
2560
FlorestaNativa
d (cm)
rvores (n/ha)
FlorestaPlantada
d (cm)
rvores (n/ha)
FLORESTAS NATIVAS
DadosFlorestaPlantada
CLASSES DE dEstatsticas
NLICCLSNihgGvV
181013.991.711.30.007850.010.033110.06
2121417.9916.912.60.015390.260.076171.29
3161821.9964.415.00.025451.640.153399.88
4202225.9994.918.70.038013.610.2878327.32
5242629.99125.424.70.053096.660.5343567.02
6283033.99164.426.00.0706911.620.75086123.45
7323437.9989.826.30.090798.160.9768687.75
8363841.9918.627.10.113412.111.2574623.44
9404245.995.128.20.138540.701.600458.14
10444649.993.427.50.166190.561.872726.35
Total584.735.3354.7
Mdia27.123.00.060440.60658
DadosFlorestaPlantada
d (cm)
rvores (n/ha)
FLORESTAS PLANTADAS
d (cm)
rvores (n/ha)
AnoDoInventarioParcelaArvoreCAPAlturaCondicaodh
2005481166153021.008452488115.3
2005481249134015.59718442313.4
2005481372150022.918311805215
2005481464147020.371832715814.7
2005481562149019.735212943414.9
2005481646126014.642254764512.6
2005481757138018.143663512513.8
2005481851119016.233804195411.9
2005481979144025.146481008514.4
20054811078153024.828171122315.3
20054811141120013.050705333512
20054811264142020.371832715814.2
20054811356135017.825353626313.5
20054811467144021.326762374314.4
20054811568145021.645072260514.5
20054811650129015.915494309212.9
20054811757136018.143663512513.6
20054811867144021.326762374314.4
20054811960138019.09859317113.8
20054812069145021.963382146714.5
20054812164142020.371832715814.2
20054812256135017.825353626313.5
20054812358137018.461973398713.7
20054812444124014.005634992112.4
20054812553132016.870423967713.2
20054812652131016.552114081613.1
20054812762140019.735212943414
20054812862140019.735212943414
20054812954133017.188733853913.3
20054813064142020.371832715814.2
20054813162140019.735212943414
20054813272147022.918311805214.7
20054813361139019.416903057213.9
20054813465142020.690142601914.2
20054813552131016.552114081613.1
20054813667144021.326762374314.4
20054813758137018.461973398713.7
20054813868145021.645072260514.5
20054813964142020.371832715814.2
20054814044123014.005634992112.3
20054814162140019.735212943414
20054814242121013.369015219712.1
20054814360138019.09859317113.8
20054814469146021.963382146714.6
20054814562140019.735212943414
20054814662140019.735212943414
20054814766143021.008452488114.3
20054814869145021.963382146714.5
20054814955134017.507043740113.4
20054815052132016.552114081613.2
20054815151131016.233804195413.1
20054815244124014.005634992112.4
20054815364142020.371832715814.2
20054815462140019.735212943414
20054815547127014.960564650612.7
20054815663141020.053522829614.1
20054815764142020.371832715814.2
20054815866143021.008452488114.3
20054815966143021.008452488114.3
20054816068145021.645072260514.5
20054816156135017.825353626313.5
20054816272147022.918311805214.7
20054816374169023.554931577616.9
20054816469145021.963382146714.5
20054816554133017.188733853913.3
20054816675161023.873241463816.1
20054816750130015.915494309213
20054816880152025.464790894715.2
20054816951131016.233804195413.1
20054817061139019.416903057213.9
20054817180157025.464790894715.7
20054817236113011.459155902611.3
20054817356136017.825353626313.6
20054817471147022.60000191914.7
20054817561139019.416903057213.9
200611126282040.107045659228.2
200612102273032.467608390727.3
20061382274026.101410667127.4
200614111265035.332397366426.5
20061599269031.512678732226.9
20061698270031.19436884627
200617117285037.242256683528.5
20061886239027.374650211823.9
200619111274035.332397366427.4
200611092259029.284509528925.9
2006111100
200611288257028.011269984225.7
2006113112279035.650707252627.9
200611495259030.239439187525.9
2006115119267037.878876455926.7
200611681270025.783100780927
200611796254030.557749073625.4
200611886236027.374650211823.6
2006119103263032.785918276926.3
2006120107247034.059157821724.7
2006121102264032.467608390726.4
200612280251025.464790894725.1
200612395268030.239439187526.8
200612498240031.19436884624
200612595246030.239439187524.6
200612689228028.329579870422.8
200621114280036.28732702528
20062286249027.374650211824.9
200623110266235.014087480226.6
20062492255029.284509528925.5
20062593260229.602819415126
200626102275032.467608390727.5
20062765128420.690142601912.8
20062890255028.647889756525.5
200629104274033.104228163127.4
200621085265027.056340325626.5
200621181235025.783100780923.5
200621276227024.1915513522.7
200621390261028.647889756526.1
2006214108287034.377467707828.7
200621599280031.512678732228
2006216124290039.470425886829
2006217145270046.154933496627
2006218106290033.740847935529
200621977232024.509861236223.2
200622080260025.464790894726
200622176261024.1915513526.1
2006222101253032.149298504625.3
2006223118266037.560566569726.6
200622496258030.557749073625.8
200622591273028.966199642727.3
2006226107284034.059157821728.4
2006227109297034.69577759429.7
200622864195020.371832715819.5
200631104267233.104228163126.7
20063280275025.464790894727.5
20063386260027.374650211826
20063484270026.738030439427
20063572240022.918311805224
20063687242027.69296009824.2
200637112250035.650707252625
20063897270030.876058959827
20063985262027.056340325626.2
200631089235028.329579870423.5
200631197265030.876058959826.5
200631291250028.966199642725
200631378248024.828171122324.8
200631480240025.464790894724
200631575244023.873241463824.4
2006316124284039.470425886828.4
200631786253027.374650211825.3
200631883271026.419720553327.1
200631995247230.239439187524.7
200632088246028.011269984224.6
2006321111276035.332397366427.6
2006322141280044.881693951928
200632399289031.512678732228.9
200632474276023.554931577627.6
2006325103265032.785918276926.5
200641101268032.149298504626.8
20064295285030.239439187528.5
20064392266029.284509528926.6
20064495280030.239439187528
20064599276031.512678732227.6
20064694283029.921129301328.3
200647104285033.104228163128.5
20064872242222.918311805224.2
20064984273026.738030439427.3
2006410104272033.104228163127.2
2006411104259033.104228163125.9
200641291262028.966199642726.2
200641387257227.69296009825.7
200641499280031.512678732228
200641598263031.19436884626.3
200641696250230.557749073625
200641788244028.011269984224.4
2006418100260031.830988618426
2006419102258032.467608390725.8
200642099267031.512678732226.7
2006421103270032.785918276927
200642295255030.239439187525.5
200642399260031.512678732226
200642490250028.647889756525
2006425100246031.830988618424.6
20065195270030.239439187527
20065292260029.284509528926
20065390278028.647889756527.8
20065480243025.464790894724.3
200655128275040.743665431527.5
200656108276034.377467707827.6
20065798278031.19436884627.8
20065878268024.828171122326.8
200659113284035.969017138828.4
2006510106265033.740847935526.5
200651198256031.19436884625.6
2006512103270032.785918276927
200651396266030.557749073626.6
2006514106287033.740847935528.7
200651582266026.101410667126.6
2006516123280039.152116000628
200651797289030.876058959828.9
2006518118279037.560566569727.9
200651983284226.419720553328.4
2006520131289041.698595090128.9
200652188267028.011269984226.7
200652292270229.284509528927
2006523102184432.467608390718.4
2006524109267034.69577759426.7
200652586258027.374650211825.8
200652695265030.239439187526.5
200652778255024.828171122325.5
200652886280227.374650211828
2006529101279032.149298504627.9
200661103253032.785918276925.3
200662100253031.830988618425.3
20066390251028.647889756525.1
20066474243023.554931577624.3
200665102270032.467608390727
20066699261031.512678732226.1
20066791265228.966199642726.5
20066899263031.512678732226.3
20066994261029.921129301326.1
2006610113277035.969017138827.7
200661184263026.738030439426.3
200661281250225.783100780925
200661392264029.284509528926.4
200661471256022.60000191925.6
200661594270029.921129301327
2006616108264234.377467707826.4
200661797292230.876058959829.2
200661886263027.374650211826.3
200661983264026.419720553326.4
200662085292027.056340325629.2
2006621100263031.830988618426.3
200662290276028.647889756527.6
200662397281030.876058959828.1
200662487260027.69296009826
2006625105248033.422538049324.8
200662673256023.236621691425.6
200662780289025.464790894728.9
200662881290025.783100780929
2006629108291034.377467707829.1
200663092274029.284509528927.4
200663194278029.921129301327.8
200663260216019.09859317121.6
200663399283031.512678732228.3
200663476267024.1915513526.7
200663588285028.011269984228.5
200671101266032.149298504626.6
200672104263033.104228163126.3
20067377245224.509861236224.5
20067488254028.011269984225.4
200675116290036.923946797329
20067669245021.963382146724.5
20067780269025.464790894726.9
20067887271027.69296009827.1
20067969243021.963382146724.3
2006710100
2006711109275034.69577759427.5
200671285276027.056340325627.6
200671383262026.419720553326.2
200671489273028.329579870427.3
200671594254029.921129301325.4
200671675260023.873241463826
200671778272024.828171122327.2
200671888286228.011269984228.6
200671990287028.647889756528.7
200672090268228.647889756526.8
200672180265225.464790894726.5
200672298270231.19436884627
200672394271029.921129301327.1
200672470143422.281692032914.3
2006725106280033.740847935528
200672698275031.19436884627.5
20068198260031.19436884626
20068288268028.011269984226.8
200683101255032.149298504625.5
20068493262029.602819415126.2
20068575255023.873241463825.5
200686110268035.014087480226.8
20068786270227.374650211827
20068885254027.056340325625.4
20068982258226.101410667125.8
200681082260026.101410667126
200681193200429.602819415120
200681285263027.056340325626.3
200681363242020.053522829624.2
200681488276028.011269984227.6
200681599265031.512678732226.5
200681692273029.284509528927.3
200681769254021.963382146725.4
200681879268025.146481008526.8
200681995272030.239439187527.2
200682072270022.918311805227
200682193274029.602819415127.4
200682261258019.416903057225.8
200682372260222.918311805226
200682467248021.326762374324.8
200682577268024.509861236226.8
200682697263030.876058959826.3
200691113222035.969017138822.2
20069288226028.011269984222.6
200693112241235.650707252624.1
20069499230031.512678732223
200695112219035.650707252621.9
200696120241038.197186342124.1
200697102241032.467608390724.1
200698100231231.830988618423.1
20069974221023.554931577622.1
200691094221029.921129301322.1
200691173213023.236621691421.3
200691299231231.512678732223.1
2006913105227033.422538049322.7
200691495216230.239439187521.6
200691588216028.011269984221.6
200691679196025.146481008519.6
200691787207027.69296009820.7
200691884216026.738030439421.6
200691990245028.647889756524.5
200692092239029.284509528923.9
2006921108230034.377467707823
200692291211028.966199642721.1
200692397224030.876058959822.4
2006924117217037.242256683521.7
200610173218023.236621691421.8
200610287242027.69296009824.2
200610358224018.461973398722.4
200610485243027.056340325624.3
200610576245024.1915513524.5
200610656190017.825353626319
200610772219022.918311805221.9
2006108101249032.149298504624.9
200610983228026.419720553322.8
2006101082212026.101410667121.2
2006101160202019.09859317120.2
2006101257190018.143663512519
2006101383244026.419720553324.4
2006101462203019.735212943420.3
2006101583226026.419720553322.6
2006101674215023.554931577621.5
2006101777222024.509861236222.2
2006101880221025.464790894722.1
2006101984207026.738030439420.7
2006102083225026.419720553322.5
20061021106227033.740847935522.7
2006102272200022.918311805220
2006102374222023.554931577622.2
2006102482225026.101410667122.5
2006102599231031.512678732223.1
2006102675208023.873241463820.8
2006102778224024.828171122322.4
2006102881224025.783100780922.4
INTRODUODISTRIBUIO DE DIMETROS (D)Distribuio dos dimetros das rvores (d) numa floresta de Pinus de 15 anos, em Piratini, RS.Em florestas plantadas a distribuio de dimetros aproximadamente normal.
INTRODUOMDIA DOS DIMETROS Descrio do estgio de desenvolvimento das florestas; volume da rvore mdia da floresta volume da populao; Agrupamento de dados de dimetro: - empiricamente; - estatisticamente.
Agrupamento empricoFloresta plantada: amplitude de 2 a 5cmFloresta nativa: 5 a 10cm
Classes de dimetroValor central Frequncia 6,5 9,584 9,5 12,5 115 12,5 15,5 1419 15,5 18,5 1729 18,5 21,52024 21,5 24,52313
Agrupamento EstatsticoDesvio padro = 3,6 cm
Agrupamento empricoClasse de dimetro (cm)N de rvores/parcelaHistograma de distribuio de frequncias
Agrupamento estatsticoClasse de dimetro (cm)N de rvores/parcelaHistograma de distribuio de frequncias
Mdia Aritmtica Dos Dimetros (D)__Caracteriza a distribuio de frequncia - pesquisa; controle estatstico; e obteno de dimetros de Hohenaldfi = frequncia da isima classe de dimetro;di = valor central da isima classe de dimetro Dimetro Modal (Dmod)Corresponde ao valor do dimetro central da classe de maior frequncia
DIMETRO MDIO QUADRTICO (Dg)Corresponde ao dimetro da rvore de rea seccional mdia da populao. = Dg______4Dg = 4 / = rea seccional da rvore mdia = G/N = gi/N = figi/fi
corresponde ao dimetro da rvore que est na posio 60% do conjunto de rvores do povoamento ordenadas em ordem crescente.EX.: 90 rvores listadasDw= 0,6 x 90 = 54 (nmero da rvores na posio 60%) A rvore mdia de Weise aproxima-se da rvore do povoamento com o volume mdio.DIMETRO MDIO DE WEISE (Dw)
mdia aritmtica dos dimetro das 100 rvores mais altas por ha (Hart); Mdia aritmtica dos dimetros das 100 rvores mais grossas/ha (Assmann); Mdia aritmtica dos dimetros de 20% das rvores mais grossas/ha (Weise); Mdia aritmtica dos dimetros das 30 rvores mais grossas/ha (Lewis).
DIMETRO DAS RVORES DOMINANTES (dHd)
FIM
********************************************
Recommended