A Cerveja na Antiguidade

7/21/2019 A Cerveja na Antiguidade

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Mirviab

Gjrnbj li Lihustbljris


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B DK]\VKB

LB MIVWIAB


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\irkbn sklj js sunrkjs i jutrjs pjvjs lb rihkj lb Nisjpjtnkb qui tirkbn pirmifklj qui b nbssb ljpj, qubclj njedblb, girnictbvb, gkmbclj bkclb niedjr. Bsskn tirkb bpbrimklj unb ispmki prknktkvbli mirviab, mjnj "pj equklj". Wrkbs vizis ripitklj i bt niedjrblj, isti prjmissj liu jrkhin b unhcirj li mirviab qui js sunrkjs mjcsklirbvbn unb fifklblkvkcb,b qube irb, pjr vizis, jgirimklbbjs sius liusis.

Rubclj cbsmiu b mirviab: Jcli ieb surhku: Ruinb mrkju: \beviz istbs siabn bs prknikrbs pirhuctbsqui edi ticdbn jmjrrklj.

Litirnkcbr sub lbtb li cbsmknictj cj tbrigb tjsknpeis. Bmrilktb-si qui siab tj bctkhb mjnj bprprkb bhrkmueturb.

Li gbtj, sbfi-si qui j Djnin mjcdimi j prjmissjli girnictbj d nbks li 2?.??? bcjs i jftkcdb

cissb pjmb, nisnj in piquicbs qubctklblis, bsprknikrbs fifklbs bemjekmbs. Ispimueb-si qui bmirviab, bsskn mjnj j vkcdj, ticdb skljlismjfirtb bmklictbenicti, prjvbvienicti grutj lbgirnictbj cj kcluzklb li behun miribe. Listinjlj, b mricb ljnkcbcti bgkrnb qui b lismjfirtblb mirviab si liu pjumj tinpj lipjks lj

surhknictj lj pj.

Nisjpjtnkb, rihkj sktublb ictri js rkjs \khri i Iugrbtis,

btube rib ictri Kr i Krbqui, firj lj vkcdj i lb Mirviab.


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Lkvirsjs istuljs brquijehkmjs ribekzbljs cb rihkj lj Ckej Bzue, btube ]ulj, mjnprjvbrbn qui, mirmbli 8??? b.M., js pjvjs ejmbks prjluzkbn unb fifklb b pbrtkr li sjrhj qui sirkb siniedbcti cjssbmirviab. Bceksis qunkmbs igitublbs bjs lipsktjs risklubks lj guclj li un pjti rimjedklj cun mbnpjbrquijehkmj cijetkmj krbckbcj, lbtblj li 99?? bcjs b.M., mjcgkrnbrbn b ixkstcmkb ejmbe li fifklbsbemjekmbs i ispimkgkmbnicti li mirviab. Nbs, b prjvb brquijehkmb nbks mjcmritb qui tinjs

riebtkvbnicti prjluj li mirviab prjvickicti lb Nisjpjtnkb, nbks prjprkbnicti lb ]unrkb.\rbtbn-si li kcsmrkis giktbs cunb pilrb,riebtkvbs b un miribe qui si utkekzbvb in behjsknkebr prjluj li mirviab. \bnfn listbmkvkekzbj gjk icmjctrblb unb pebmb li fbrrj(siej), rimjedklb in \ipi Hbwrb i lbtblb li mirmb

li


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In hirbe, b mirviab irb giktb pjr pblikrjs livklj cbturizb lbs nbtrkbs-prknbs utkekzblbs (hrjs limiribks i eivilurbs) i tbe btkvklbli irb iximutblb piebsnuediris (qui sirkbn bs pblikrbs). B prjluj limirviab irb unb btkvklbli mbsikrb, istrktbnicti

ginkckcb, lblj qui iebs irbn bs rispjcsviks piebprjluj li tjlj beknictj lb mbsb, kcmeukclj-si bsfifklbs, bsskn, tbnfn istbvbn icmbrrihblbs li gbzirj pj i mjcsiquictinicti b mirviab.

Js tixtjs sunrkjs riviebn-cjs tbnfn b ixkstcmkbli tbfircbs, hirklbs pjr nuediris, ejmbks lilkvirtknictj sjfritulj nbsmuekcj, in qui si mjnkb ififkb in mjcvvkj. B nbks meifri lbs tbfircikrbs gjk]klurk, rigirklb cb Ipjpikb li Hkehbnisd.

Btkvklbli bhrmjeb irb fbsiblbprkcmkpbenicti in miribks mjnj j trkhji b mivblb qui prjluzkbn prkcmkpbe

beknictj ljs pjvjs prknktkvjs, j pj.Viprisictbj isquirlb lb mueturb cjIhktj bctkhj.

lkriktb, isttub rishbtblb li stkjbrquijehkmj riprisictbclj b btkvklbliginkckcb li pripbrj lj beknictj.


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_brb prjluzkrin b mirviab, likxbvbn b mivblb linjedj bt j hrj hirnkcbr i, ictj, irb njlbhrjssikrbnicti i njelblb in fjejs bjs qubks siblkmkjcbvb b eivilurb. Js fjejs, bps pbrmkbenictibssbljs i lisgiktjs, irbn mjejmbljs in cgjrbs mjn

hub i likxbljs girnictbr.

Bkclb djai, istb mirviab rstkmb bkclb gbfrkmblb cjIhktj mjn j cjni li Fjuzb. J epuej, bssknmjnj jutrbs irvbs brjntkmbs, tbks mjnj zknfrj,djrtie i ejscb, pjlkbn sir blkmkjcbljs mirviab

pbrb mjrrkhkr bs lkgiricbs jfsirvblbs cj sbfjr.A cj sihuclj nkeckj bctis li Mrkstj i icqubctj sibsskstkb quilb lj knprkj sunrkj, surhkb unb cjvbmkvkekzbj cb Nisjpjtnkb , lismiclicti lb

mkvkekzbj sunrkb nbs nbks bvbcblb mueturbe i timcjejhkmbnicti, i qui in nuktj mjctrkfuku pbrb j

bvbcj cj prjmissj li gbfrkmbj li mirviab1 js Fbfkeckjs.

Ljmunictjs listb irb kclkmbn-cjs qui b prjluj li mirviab gjk unb prjgkssj betbnicti rispiktblb,eivblb b mbfj issicmkbenicti pjr nuediris. B mirviab mjctkcubvb b sir nbks pjpuebr lj qui j vkcdj,tbnfn a mjcdimklj pjr bquiei pjvj, infjrb b vkcdb si risirvbssi piebs mjclkis cbturbks s rihkisnjctbcdjsbs lj ]ue lb Bcbtekb i lj Mumbsj. Cj pirjlj fbfkeckmj, mjctbvbn-si mirmb li lubslizicbs li lkgirictis tkpjs li mirviab, mjn fbsi in lkgirictis mjnfkcbis li pebctbs brjntkmbs i cj

nbkjr ju nicjr inprihj li nie, mivblb ju trkhj.


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J Mlkhj li Dbnnurbfk, j sixtj rik lb Fbfkeckb, kctrjluzku vrkbs rihrbs riebmkjcblbs mjn b mirviabcj siu hrbcli mlkhj li eiks. Ictri issbs eiks icmjctrbvb-si unb qui istbfieimkb unb rbj lkrkb limirviab, rbj issb qui lipiclkb lj istbtutj sjmkbe li mblb kclkvluj. _jr ixinpej, un trbfbedbljrcjrnbe rimifirkb 6 ektrjs pjr lkb, un gucmkjcrkj pfekmj = ektrjs, icqubctj qui js blnkckstrbljris isbmirljtis rimifirkbn 9 ektrjs pjr lkb.

Jutrb eik tkcdb mjnj jfaitkvj prjtihir js mjcsunkljris lbmirviab li n qubeklbli. Gkmju bsskn ligkcklj qui jmbstkhj b bpekmbr pjr si sirvkr n mirviab sirkb b njrti pjrbgjhbnictj! _jr isti nisnj Mlkhj, mirtbs sbmirljtksbsistbvbn prjkfklbs li ictrbr cbs tbfircbs pjr rbzis lipurizb rktube0 pjr jutrj eblj, istis istbfieimknictjs

priicmdkbn unb gucj sjmkbe pbrb ben lj gjrcimknictjli mjnklb i fifklb (cj bpicbs mirviab nbs tbnfnemjje li tnbrbs girnictblbs), pjks irbn, mjnj a sirigirku, ejmbks li riuckj i ebzir.

Rubsi tjlbs bs mirviabs ljs fbfkeckjs sirkbn jpbmbs i

prjluzklbs sin gketrbhin. \be gbtj, mjnj a vknjs, gbzkbmjn qui fifissin b mirviab btrbvs li un prilimissjr ljbtube mbculj (cj mbsj ljs riks issi mbculj sirkb li jurj), jqui ivktbvb qui kchirkssin j risluj qui si bmunuebvb cjguclj i qui sirkb fbstbcti bnbrhj. Cj ictbctj, issbsktubj cj knpilkb qui b mirviab b prjluzklb gjssifbstbcti mjcmiktublb, mdihbclj js fbfkeckjs b ixpjrtbr

hrbclis qubctklblis pbrb j Ihktj.

J Mlkhj li Dbnurbfk, prknikrj mjlix aurks irb rhklj i puckbmjn njrtis, nutkebis i jutrjs nikjs js mrknis prbtkmbljs.

listi mlkhj b gbnjsb ixprissj1 jedj pjr jedj0 licti pjr licti


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\be mjnj js Fbfkeckjs, js Ihpmkjs prjluzkbn mirviab lisli tinpjs bcmistrbks, siclj qui istb gbzkbpbrti lb lkitb lkrkb li cjfris i gieebds (mbnpjcisis). _brb ben li fin beknictbr, sirvkb tbnfnmjnj rinlkj pbrb mirtbs ljicbs.

Yn ljmunictj nlkmj, lbtblj li 27??

b.M. i lismjfirtj cbs ismbvbis li untnuej, lismrivi mirmb li 8??prismrkis nlkmbs, lbs qubks 2??mjctn b pbebvrb mirviab. B subknpjrtcmkb tbnfn vksvie cjsbspimtjs riekhkjsjs lb mueturb ihpmkb.Cjs tnuejs ljs sius bctipbssbljs, pbrbben ljs brtigbtjs dbfktubks mjnjkcmicsj, ajkbs i mjnklb, irb tbnfndbfktube icmjctrbr prjvksis li mirviab.

I in mbsjs li mbebnklbli ju lisbstricbturbe, irb griquicti b jgirtb li hrbclis

qubctklblis li mirviab bjs sbmirljtis ligjrnb b bpbzkhubr b krb ljs liusis.

B ixtrinb rieivcmkb lb mirviab pbrb js ihpmkjs rigeitkb-si cj s cb ixkstcmkb li un betj gucmkjcrkjicmbrrihblj li mjctrjebr i nbctir b qubeklbli lb mirviab prjluzklb, mjnj tbnfn cb mrkbjli dkirhekgjs ixtrbs qui lismrivissin prjlutjs i btkvklblis riebmkjcblbs mjn b mirviab. Murkjsbnicti,ixkstin behucs pjvjs qui vkvin bj ejchj lj Ckej qui bkclb djai gbfrkmbn mirviab cun istkej nuktj

prxknj bj lb irb gbrbckmb.


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J pjvj ihpmkj tkcdb unb gjrti bpitcmkbpiej dic`it ju zytdun, virlblikrb fifklb cbmkjcbe,prigirklb pjr tjlbs bs mbnblbs sjmkbks. Vbnss KKK(224


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Ejchi listb rib hijhrgkmb, b Mdkcb lisli miljlisicvjeviu tmckmbs li pripbrbj li fifklbs ljtkpj lb mirviab, jftklbs b pbrtkr li hrjs li miribks. B"]bnsdu", gbfrkmblb b pbrtkr ljs hrjs li brrjz i b"@kc" a irbn prjluzklbs mirmb li 6=?? b.M.

Bs tmckmbs utkekzblbs irbn behj lkgiricti lbs ljspjvjs nisjpjtnkmjs i ihpmkjs. Li gbtj, jlisicvjevknictj lb mirviab bt gjrnb pieb qubedjai b mjcdiminjs, livi-si nbks b istis ljks etknjslj qui mkvkekzbj mdkcisb.

Gjrbn nisnj js ihpmkjs qui icskcbrbn js hrihjs bprjluzkr mirviab. A cj Abpj, sufsksti j nkeicbr sb` unb mirviab li brrjz - griquictinictimjcguclklb cj Jmklicti mjn unb fifklb listkeblb.Fifi-si quicti ju grkb, li bmjrlj mjn j hjstj i jmjctixtj.


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J pbpie lj Knprkj Vjnbcjcj mjctixtj lb mirviab

Bpisbr li sir mjcsklirblb nicjs knpjrtbcti qui j

vkcdj, b mirviab ivjeuku lurbcti j pirjlj hrihj irjnbcj. Cjs ismrktjs li ]gjmeis (


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Gjk cissb pjmb qui bs pbebvrbs mirvkskbjumirivkskb pbssbrbn b sir utkekzblbs piejsrjnbcjs, in djnicbhin b Miris, liusb lbbhrkmueturb i lb girtkeklbli. _eckj gjk un ljsbutjris messkmjs qui ismriviu sjfri j

bssuctj, lismriviclj b ivjeuj lj prjmissjli gbfrkmj lb mirviab i js dfktjs ljs pjvjsmietbs i hirnckmjs lb Fritbcdb i IurjpbMictrbe.

Cb Hekb (mjcqukstblb tjtbenicti cj bcj 96b.M.), trblkmkjcbenicti mjcsunkljrb limirviab, b kcgeucmkb lj vkcdj rjnbcj btkchkusjfritulj bs iektis. Li bmjrlj mjn_jssklckj, "b fifklb mjcsunklb cbs mbsbsrkmbs vkcdj trbzklj li Ktekb (...) _jrn,ictri js dbfktbctis nbks cimissktbljs, fifklb unb mirviab giktb li trkhj, qube

bmrismictblj nie0 b nbssb lj pjvj fifi-bsin nksturb. Mdbnbn-edi mjrnb." Mjctulj,js hbueisis pbssbrbn li knpjrtbljris bprjlutjris li vkcdjs li cjvbs qubeklblis inuktj bprimkbljs in Vjnb0 in ;2 l. M.,j knpirbljr Ljnkmkbcj mdihju b jrlicbr blistrukj li nitbli lbs vkcdbs hbueisbs pbrbprjtihir b prjluj rjnbcb.

J vkcdj lbs eihkis rjnbcbs cj si knpsbjs pjvjs qui gkmbrbn gjrb lj Knprkj.

Gkclj j Knprkj Vjnbcj, bps j smuej W,istbvbn istbfieimklbs bs hijhrbgkbs lb

mirviab i lb vkcdb. B prjluj li mirviab,ljnstkmb i griquictinicti b mbrhj linuediris - infjrb gjssi sjfritulj pbrbmjcsunj nbsmuekcj - jfilimkb bjsmjclkmkjcbctis cbturbks qui nbrmbvbn bimjcjnkb bhrmjeb i lb j siu mbrmtirsbzjcbe.

Lurbcti nuktj tinpj, b mirviab sirkb, bkclb,li lkgmke mjcsirvbj, bj mjctrrkj lj vkcdjqui, si hubrlblj in fjbs mjclkis, pjlkbbt niedjrbr mjn b klbli. J vkcdj, qui sitjrcbrb b fifklb mjcsbhrblb cb ekturhkb

mbtekmb, bgkrnbrb-si sjfritulj cbs rihkis ljsue lb Iurjpb i ictrbvb sieitkvbnicti cbsnisbs nbks bfbstblbs lj cjrti iurjpiu, jclib mirviab pirnbcimkb b fifklb ljs pjfris, sifin qui cj likxbssi li sir bprimkblb pjrtjlbs bs mebssis.


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B mirviab pirnbcimiu b fifklb ieiktb cbs rihkiscrlkmbs gbmtj mjcgkrnblj piebs eiclbs i nktjejhkbsejmbks. Cb sbhb pjtkmb gkcebclisb @beivbeb, mjctbn-si


14/14Ikc _rjskt!

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A Cerveja na Antiguidade