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8/18/2019 A Modernização Da Agricultura Brasileira
1/7
A MODERNIZAÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA BRASILEIRA: GANHOS NA
PRODUTIVIDADE AGRÍCOLA NO PERÍODO DE 1960 – 1990.
J! P"#$ B$%! M$"'$%1
R"()*
O +$%,%- +"* ,/"+' #" %&%-'(%$ " #'()+'$ % *#"$&'2%3! #% %4$')-+)$%,$%('-"'$% " ( 4%&( #" 5$#)+''#%#" %)"$'#( & 5"$7# #" 19608 1990. O" G"$& "#"$%- +*% 5('3! (,$" % &""(('#%#" #" #"("&-"$ ("+$ $)$%-%+$%( #" P%"4 " PGPM. ' 5"$",'#% ;)" % $3% #" +$%,%- )*%&% #") -)4%$ %*"%&'2%3! %4$7-% #)$%&+" 5$"((< " % 5$#)+''#%#" %4$7-% *"3) %("&+'$ ( ""'+( #% *#"$&'2%3! #% ,%(" +&'% # ("+$ '&4$"((% )*%+$%/"+=$'% #" $"('*"&+ &+'&) % 5%$+'$ #" 19>0.
P%-%$%( – %": M#"$&'2%3! #% A4$')-+)$%< G%&( #" P$#)+''#%#".
A,(+$%+
T" ?$@ %'*( + %&%-2" % #'()(( +" *#"$&'2%+'& B$%2'-'%&%4$')-+)$" % 5$#)+''+ 4%'&( "%$&"# '& +" 5"$'# 19608 1990. "$" +" "#"$%-4"$&*"&+ +%@"( % 5('+'& & +" &""# + #""-5 +" $)$%- ("+$ +$)4 PAEG% PGPM. I+ ?%( 5"$"'"# +%+ +" )*%& ?$@$" 4%" ?% + %4$')-+)$%-*"%&'2%+'& #)$'&4 +" 5$"((< % %4$')-+)$%- 5$#)+''+ ,"4%& + ""- +"""+( *#"$&'2%+'& +" ("+$( +"&'%- ,%(" "&+"$'&4 % 4$?+ +$%/"+$&+'&)" %+"$ 19>0.
"?$#(: M#"$&'(%+'& A4$')-+)$"< P$#)+''+ G%'&(.
1. INTRODUÇÃO
1 Graduando em Ciências Econômicas – FACAPEE-mail: pedrojoao299@gmailcom
8/18/2019 A Modernização Da Agricultura Brasileira
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A $'(" # ("+$ %4$7-% ,$%('-"'$ "* 1960 -% "* ";)" % ;)"(+! #
#"("&-'*"&+ "&*' # 5%7(< *"# #" ;)" % 5$#)+''#%#" %4$7-% &!
((" %5%2 #" %(("4)$%$ &()*< ;)" & **"&+ "(+%% "* $"('*"&+< %2
4"$& *'-'+%$ % 5%$+'$ #( %&( #" 196F< $'%$ P%"4 P-%& #" A3! E&*'%
# G"$&< ;)" +'&% * )* #( ,/"+'( % *#"$&'2%3! #% %4$')-+)$%
,$%('-"'$%.
U*% $"$*% +&'% &% ,%(" #"((" ("+$ " % ')3! #" &( '&()*(< ;)"
5)#"(("* %)*"&+%$ % 5$#)3! " % *"(* +"*5 $"#)2'$ %( 5"$#%(. O 5$"((
#" *"%&'2%3! " %#3! #" '&()*( +"&-=4'( "$+'-'2%&+"(< #""&('(<
("*"&+"( $%* '&%&'%#( " (),('#'%#( 5"- 4"$& "#"$%- #" *%&"'$%
'&+"&('% #)$%&+" ( %&( #" 1960 % 1990. A-4)*%( 5-7+'%( %#+%#%( #%%* ()5$+" % "((% *#"$&'2%3!< % 5$'&'5%-
#"-%( % PGPM P-7+'%( #" G%$%&+'%( #" P$"3( M7&'*(< ;)" 4%$%&+'% 5$"3(
*7&'*( & *"$%# #( 5$#)+( %4$7-%(< #"'% %(('* ( 5$#)+$"( *"&(
"5(+ % *"$%#.
A 5$#)+''#%#" %4$7-% *"3% % # ('&%'( #" 4%&( #" 5$#)+''#%#" %
5%$+'$ # '&'' #% #%#% #" 19>0< " % 5$#)3! 5$ "+%$" #( 5$'&'5%'(
5$#)+( %4$7-%( "&+$% &)*% +$%/"+=$'% #" $"('*"&+.O +$%,%- %&%-'(% " #'()+" % *#"$&'2%3! " ( 4%&( #" 5$#)+''#%#" #%
%4$')-+)$% & B$%('- )(% *+# #" 5"(;)'(% ,',-'4$'%. E(+ "(+$)+)$%#<
5"-% 5%$+" '&+$#)+=$'% & 5$'*"'$ +=5'< % )%*"&+%3! +"=$'% "* "*
(";)"&'% & ("4) +=5'< ( $"()-+%#( " #'()((K"( % +"$"'$% 5%$+"< %(
&('#"$%3K"( '&%'( & ;)%$+ +=5' " % ,',-'4$%'% & ;)'&+ " -+'* +=5'.
. UNDAMENTAÇÃO TERICA
A $*% #" 5$#)3! $)#'*"&+%$ * "-"%# "*5$"4 #" *!8#"8,$% "$%
;)" %$%+"$'2%% *# #" 5$#)3! # ("+$ %4$7-% ,$%('-"'$ %+ *"%#( #(
%&( 60< $"()-+% %)*"&+ #% 5$#)+''#%#" %5"&%( 5"- $"('*"&+ #%( $"%(
5-%&+%#%(< '&()''"&+" 5%$% &7"- #" $"('*"&+ "&*' '"&'%# " 5$5(+
5%$% 5%7( % 5%$+'$ #( %&( #" 1960. C* '+% GONZALEZ COSTA 199:
A 5$#)3! # ("+$ %4$7-% & '&7' #% #%#% #" 1960 "&+$%%8("$+"*"&+" "* )-+)$%( #" "5$+%3!< * % " % %&%8#"8%3%$< ""* )-+)$%( #"(+'&%#%( % %,%(+"'*"&+ '&+"$&< )-+'%#%( &$*%-*"&+"
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* +&'%( +$%#''&%'( '&+"&('%( "* *!8#"8,$%. GONZALEZ COSTA< 199.
T%'( +&'%( &! 5$5''%%* %-+( 4%&( #" "(%-%( #" 5$#)3!< "
&(";)"&+"*"&+" $$'% $'( ;)" #"("&-'*"&+ "&*' # 5%7( (("*5$*"+'# 5"- %+$%( & ("+$ %4$7-%.
P%$% %*"&'2%$ % ,%'% 5$#)+''#%#" '"&'%#% & '&'' #% #%#% #" 60<
4"$& %2 %-+"$%3K"( &%( P-7+'%( #" G%$%&+'% #" P$"3( M7&'*(< ;)" / "$%
)+'-'2%#% & B$%('- #"(#" 19FQ 5"-% CP C*'((! #" '&%&'%*"&+ #% P$#)3!
("4) CARVAHO SILVA 199Q< % P-7+'% #" G%$%&+'% #" P$"3( M7&'*(
5%((% % ("$ '%#% #'( *"("( %&+"( # 5-%&+'. O ;)" ("$'$'% 5%$% +$%&;)'-'2%$
5$#)+$ ;)%&+ % )+)$< #"'% &'%&+" 5%$% 5$#)2'$. A( *)#%&3%( &% "(+$)+)$% # ("+$< "(5"''%*"&+" &% ,%(" +&'%< "'
'&''%-*"&+" * 5-%& # 4"$& "#"$%- #" 196F< 4"$& *'-'+%$< ;)" '*5-%&+)
P%"4 P-%& #" A3! E&*'% # G"$&< ;)" #"&+$" %( '&%-'#%#"( "(+%%
*#"$&'2%3! #% %4$')-+)$%< ("4) P"$"'$% 199:
O 5$4$%*% P%"4< '*5-"*"&+%# "* 196F< "5$"((%% $""'( #" ;)" %%4$')-+)$% %+$%(%#% '*5)("((" )* ($' -'*'+" % #"("&-'*"&+"&*'. A %#3!< "&+!< #" )*% 5-7+'% -+%#% *#"$&'2%3! #("+$ $)$%- *(+$%%8(" 5$""$7"- $"$*% %4$$'% )/% #'()((! & '&7'#% #%#% #" 1960< 5"$*") % "&% 5-7+'% * (-)3! # 5$,-"*% #%,%'% 5$#)+''#%#". PEREIRA< 199.
A *"&+%3! % ("+$ 5"$*'+') ;)" +#% ()% ,%(" ((" $"&%#%< * %
%;)'('3! #" *%;)'&$'( %4$7-%( +$%+$"(< 5-%&+%#"'$%< -"'+%#"'$%< "+. %+$%(
#" -'&%( #" '&%&'%*"&+ $)$%-< * /)$( *)'+%( "2"( &"4%+'(< " (),(7#'(.
A #%#% #" 0< * % $'(" '&+"$&%'&%-< -) #" %5'+%- ;)" '&% #
"+"$'$ ' $"#)2'#< " %(('* +%*,* ( ,"&"7'( #%#( % ("+$ $)$%-< ;)" 5%(()
% ("$ '&%&'%# 5$ )+$%( -'&%( #" $#'+< * /)$( 5('+'(. C'+% GONZALEZ
COSTA 199:
' &"((" &+"+ #" %4$%%*"&+ #%( &+%( 5,-'%(< 5$'&'5%-*"&+" "*)&3! #% $'(" "+"$&%< ;)" *#"- #" #"("&-'*"&+ # ("+$ %4$7-%,%("%# & $#'+ $)$%- %$+ " ,%$%+ *"3) % #%$ ('&%'( #""(4+%*"&+. O( '&"&+'( '% $#'+< 5$'&'5%- 5'-%$ #" ()(+"&+%3! #%*#"$&'2%3! # ("+$< +"$'%* ;)" ("$ $+%#( / ;)" 5%7( &! *%'(5#"$'% #"5""$ #" 5)5%&3% "+"$&%. GONZALEZ COSTA< 199.
A 5"(%$ #% $'("< #'*'&)'3! # $#'+ $)$%-< ("+$ %4$7-% %5$"("&+%%
"5%&(!< * -)*" #" 5$#)3! *%'$ % %#% %&< " ( ""'+( '&-%'&$'(<
("* *"&'&%$ %( 5-7+'%( *%$"&*'%( ;)" "(+%%* #" "$+% $*%
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5$5''% 4%&( %( 5$#)+$"( $)$%'(. C&$*" "5-'% GONZALEZ COSTA
199< +%'( %$4)*"&+( %,$%&4"* % *%'$ %,($3! #" +"&-4'%< % $"-%+'%
%5'+%-'2%3! # ("+$< % &+$',)'3! #% 5"(;)'(%< 5%5"- #% 5-7+'% %*,'%-< %
%-$'2%3! # *"$%# '&+"$& " % &+$',)'3! #% 5-7+'% #" 4%$%&+'% #" 5$"3(
*7&'*(.
E*,$% "&$' "&*' #( %&( 0< "(+'"((" $)'*< ("+$ %4$7-%
&+'&)%% #"(+%%–(" 5"-( 4%&( #" 5$#)+''#%#"< 5$* * ( 5$"3(
#%( **#'+'"( &)* &+"+ '&+"$&%'&%- "(+%%* "* 5$/"3! #" ;)"#%. A
%4$')-+)$% 5#" (" *%&+"$ ";)'-',$%#% 5"-% #'*'&)'3! #( )(+( 5"$%'&%'(<
#"'# *"%&'2%3! %+'&4'#% & *"' $)$%-< 5$5''% *%'$ "''W&'% &%
5$#)3! * *"-$ %-%3! #" $")$((< '+% GONZALEZ COSTA 199< %;)"#% ,("$%#% &'$*% ;)" % $"#)3! & 5$"3 #( %+$"( %+)) 5%$% +$&%$
*"&$ '*5%+ #% ;)"#% "$''%#% &( 5$"3( %4$7-%( &% #%#% #" 190.
A PGPM &% #%#% 5"$#'#% ($") %-4)*%( %-+"$%3K"( 5%$% +"&+%$ $"(-"$
5$,-"*%( #" ()5"$5$#)3!. O * ' #'$'4'#% "* %-4)&( **"&+( %)()
#'(+$3K"( & *"$%#< ("4) GONZALEZ COSTA 199:
M)'+( "(+)#( &(+%+%$%* #"('( #% PGPM &% #%#% #" 190 ;)%&+
% %+"'*"&+ #" %-4)&( #" (")( ,/"+'(< +%'( * ()% %5%'#%#" #"%*$+""$ #'"$"&'%'( #" 5$"3( (%$%X"&+$"((%$%Y #" $"#)2'$ $'(( " ()%%5%'#%#" #" ')2'$ % "$+% %4$7-% " #" ()(+"&+%$ % $"% & -&45$%2. GONZALEZ COSTA< 199.
A P-7+'% #" G%$%&+'% #" P$"3( M7&'*( ' '&+"&('% &"((% #%#%< ;)" "*
%-4)&( %(( 4"$& (" +$&) &' *5$%#$< +%*%&% #"(*5%(( #(
5$"3( %#*'&'(+$%#( * ( 5$"3( #" *"$%# "2 * ;)W ("+$ 5$'%# &! ("
'&+"$"((%((" 5"- 5$#)+ %4$7-%.
N( %&( 90 ("+$ $)$%- W '&"&+'( $"#)2'#( %'% *%'(< * 5-7+'%(5),-'%( ;)" '(%* "(+%,'-'#%#" "&*'% " $#'+( *%'( %$( 5%$% %
%4$')-+)$% %-* #" #'()$(( ;)" #'$"'&%% ("+$ %4$7-% 5%$% -'$" *"$%#.
C&$*" '+% GONZALEZ COSTA 199:
O ;)%#$ #" $'(" 4"&"$%-'2%#% %4$%)8(" % 5%$+'$ #" %-4)*%( %-+"$%3K"(#" 5-7+'% '*5-%&+%#%( &"(+% #%#% #" 1990< *%'( 5$"'(%*"&+" % 5%$+'$ #% 5((" #" C--$ #" M"-- &% P$"('#W&'% #% R"5,-'%< ;)% #'()$( "&*' 5%$% ("+$ $)$%- 5%(() % $"4'(+$%$ ;)" ("+$ #""$'%*5"+'$ % (%,$ #%( -'$"( $3%( # *"$%#. A-4)*%( #%( 5$'&'5%'(
*"#'#%( %#+%#%( &"((" 4"$& $%*: "+'&3! #% 5-7+'% 5%$% +$'4<"+'&3! # I&(+'+)+ # A3%$ " # -- " # I&(+'+)+ B$%('-"'$ # C%<%-+"$%3! #% 5-7+'% #" 5$"3( *7&'*(< "-'*'&%8(" 5$"3 &'< "< %
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*"(* +"*5< #"$"+%3! #" )*% *%'$ %,"$+)$% #% "&*'%.GONZALEZ COSTA< 199.
C* & 5(''&%*"&+ #%( 5-7+'%( 5),-'%(< ("+$ %4$7-% &%
#%#% #" 90 +"* '&"&+'( $"#)2'#( 5$%+'%*"&+" 2"$< *%( / (" "&&+$% *% ,%(" *#"$&'2%#% " * ""-"&+" &7"- #" 5$#)+''#%#"< 5$"5%$%#< 5%$%
"&$"&+%$ -'$" *"$%#.
Q. RESULTADOS E DISCUSS[ES
A +%,"-% %,%' $"()*" 5$"(( #" *"%&'2%3! # ("+$ %4$7-%:
T%,"-% 1 8 P"((%- )5%# " N*"$ #" +$%+$"( "* "(+%,"-"'*"&+( %4$5")$'( 8 ($'"'(+=$'% 19>0X006
&+": IBGE 8 C"&( A4$5")$'.
O ;)%#$ #" 5"((%- "*5$"4%# & ("+$ %4$5")$' ('-) &%( )-+'*%(
#%#%(< * +"W&'% #" ;)"#% % 5%$+'$ #% #%#% #" 190. J &*"$ #"
+$%+$"( "'(+"&+" +*% * ,%(" %& #" 19>0 ("4)" )*% +$%/"+=$'% #"
$"('*"&+ %-%&3% "* 199\ ++%- #" 0Q.>F +$%+$"( &( "(+%,"-"'*"&+(<
)* %)*"&+ 5"$"&+)%- #" FF
8/18/2019 A Modernização Da Agricultura Brasileira
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&+": IBGE 8 C"&( A4$5")$'.
C&$*" % +%,"-% %'*%< ( '*5%+( #%( 5-7+'%( 5,-'%( #" '&"&+' %
("+$ %4$7-% *"3%* % ($+'$"* ""'+( % 5%$+'$ #% #%#% #" 19>0< ( 5$'&'5%'(
5$#)+( $)$%'( *: %< %&%8#"8%3%$< *'-< "+. G%&%* *%'$ 5$#)+''#%#"
5$ "+%$". N %( # % % 5$#)+''#%#" 5$ "+%$" (%-+% #" 666< Q> 5%$%
1.0QQF
8/18/2019 A Modernização Da Agricultura Brasileira
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A&%-'(" " #'()((! # 5$"(( #" "-)3! #% %4$')-+)$% ,$%('-"'$% #
5"$7# #" 1960 % 1990< " 5"$"5+7"- % *#"$&'2%3! # ("+$ $)$%-<
'*5$+%&+"< 5'( %/)#% % *5$"""$ *"-$ % "&*'% $)$%- " ;)" "-%
$"5$"("&+% 5%$% 5%7( "* +"$*( #" &+$',)'3! 5%$% $"('*"&+ " % *"(*
+"*5 5$"(( #" #"("&-'*"&+ %#'% #"((" ("+$.
A *#"$&'2%3! #% %4$')-+)$% #"")8(" % 5"$('(+W&'% # 4"$& "#"$%-
&%( 5-7+'%( 5,-'%( #" '&"&+'( 5%$% $"*#"-%$ % ,%(" # ("+$< %+$%( #"
'&%&'%*"&+ % $#'+( &"4%+'( " (),(7#'( ;)" 5"$*'+'(("* ;)" ("+$ %4$7-%
%-%&3%((" &7"- #" *"%&'2%3! "(5"$%#% " %#3! #" '&()*( +"&-=4'(.
O( 4%&( #" 5$#)+''#%#" #( 5$'&'5%'( 5$#)+( %4$7-%( $%* %+'&4'#(
" "(+! "* 5-"&% +$%/"+=$'% #" $"('*"&+< &(";)"&+"*"&+" ( )(+(5"$%'&%'( %"* *"#'#% ;)" ( %+$"( #" 5$#)3! (" "&+$%* 5-"&%*"&+"
"*5$"4%#(.
O %+$ *!8#"8,$% "*5$"4% &% %4$5")$'% "* (" $"#)2'< #% -)4%$
% *%;)'&%( ;)" (),(+'+)"* "((% $3% #" +$%,%-% #" *%&"'$% *%'( "''"&+".
A5=( 5) *%'( #" Q0 %&( #" "-)3!< ("+$ $)$%- %-%&3% &7"'( #"
5$#)+''#%#" 5$ *"' "$+'%-< " 5$4$"(( +"&-=4' +"* (") 5%5"-
#"'&'+' &% ,)(% 5$ *%'( ;)%-'#%#" " "''W&'% &% 5$#)3!.
\. BIBLIOGRAIA
CARVALHO< M.A. " SILVA< C.R.L. P$"3( *7&'*( " "(+%,'-'2%3! #" 5$"3(%4$7-%(. Revista de Economia Política< -. 1Q< &^1F9< /%&"'$ – *%$3 199Q.
G&2%-"2< B. " C(+%< S. A4$')-+)$% ,$%('-"'$%: *#"$&'2%3! " #"("*5"&.Teoria e Evidência Econômica< \10: >8Q\< *%' 199.
IBGE< Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. SIDRA: ,%& #" #%#(%4$"4%#(< "&( %4$5")$'. D'(5&7"- "*:++5:XX???.('#$%.',4".4.,$X,#%X%"$X%"$.%(5_+'`1+`99999"`5`CA2`+`11. A"((%# "*: 0X11X01F.
PEREIRA< L.B. O E(+%# " % %4$')-+)$% 5%$%&%"&(" & 5"$7# 19>\8\. Revistade Economia e Sociologia Rural< Q0< 5. 11\81QF< %,$.X/)&.< 199.
http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/acervo/acervo2.asp?ti=1&tf=99999&e=v&p=CA&z=t&o=11http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/acervo/acervo2.asp?ti=1&tf=99999&e=v&p=CA&z=t&o=11http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/acervo/acervo2.asp?ti=1&tf=99999&e=v&p=CA&z=t&o=11http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/acervo/acervo2.asp?ti=1&tf=99999&e=v&p=CA&z=t&o=11