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1

State-of-the-ArtSolid State Pulse Modulators

Jrgen BielaS. Blume, D. Gerber, M. Jaritz & C. Carstensen

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Focus Application Areas

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High Power Laboratory - Facilities

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Pulse Modulator Basic Topologies

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Pulsed Power / Pulse Length for typical Applications

Collaboration:- Ampegon, PPT,

ABB, Lasslop- PSI & CERN

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Typical Topology 0f a Solid State Pulse Generator System

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Typical Topology 0f a Solid State Pulse Generator System

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Solid State Switches

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Modular: Marx-Type

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Modular: Marx-Type Pulse Generation

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Modular: Marx-Type Charging I

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Modular: Marx-Type Charging II

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Modular: Marx-Type + PWM Cell

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Pulse Transformer Based

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Pulse Transformer Based Matrix Transformer

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DC-DC Converter Based

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DC-DC Converter Based PSM Modulator

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Topology Comparison

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127MW/370kV/3!sSolid State Modulator

with

Ultra High Precision

Short Pulse Modulator(~ !s-range)

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SwissFEL#Seminar: Swiss FEL this evening by Dr. Braun

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127 MW Solid-State Modulator

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Short Pulse Solid State Power Modulator

Matrix Transformer Concept

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Matrix Transformer Basic Concept I

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Matrix Transformer Basic Concept II

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Matrix Transformer Leakage Inductance

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Matrix Transformer Basic Concept II

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Matrix Transformer "Cross Conduction"

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Matrix Transformer "Cross Conduction" Additional Winding

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Matrix Transformer Winding Shape

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Matrix Transformer 2 IGBTs on 1 Core

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IGBTCurrent

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Pulse Transformer Design

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P l T f P iti C it Si lifi ti I

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Pulse Transformer: Parasitic Capacitances Simplification II

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Pulse Transformer: Overshoot / Rise Time

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Capacitance Calculation with Mirror Charges

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Transformer Parasitics Modelling

Pulse Transformer: Damping due to Klystron Load

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Capacitance: Stored Energy between Windings and Tank

Capacitance: Influence of Cooling Pipes

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Capacitance: Influence of Cooling Pipes

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Pulse Transformer: Final Design

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1190mm

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Pulse Transformer: Final Design

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Premagnetisation

Premagnetisation Basic Concepts

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DC Premagnetisation

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Improved DC Premagnetisation

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! _'$+)1 +$%&U$+1 P&33;-.$ L@,)'$N

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g

! ]& P+$@,)'$N3,N&'6%Q&G$ +$[*;+$0! _'$+)1 +$%&U$+1 P&33;-.$ LU;,

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g

! ]& P+$@,)'$N3,N&'6%Q&G$ +$[*;+$0! _'$+)1 +$%&U$+1 P&33;-.$ LU;,

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g

! ]& P+$@,)'$N3,N&'6%Q&G$ +$[*;+$0! _'$+)1 +$%&U$+1 P&33;-.$ LU;,

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g p

Passive Advanced Active

5&@P.$8;41 !"#$%'5637+4. 8"98 #'("+#

5&@P&'$'43:3%.09' !3+,;'

%3< I5 %3< V

=>!?@A5B"3('

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CDEA

8"98 I5 8"98 V

C-(+;.3,

%3< I5 8"98 V

B"3(' "#$%&8"98 I5 8"98 V

*0$0;".3,

8"98 I5 #'(F V

!+0J;'0;') G'4 -3 -3

/&+X,+0 ;

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Bouncer

LC-Bouncer Principle of Operation

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! !(6&3%;..,N&'= (7p !76 W'0*%4&+ U&.4,)$ ;3 ,00$0 4& P*.3$6 :1'%Q+&';3,N&'= 7;0 &R P*.3$ e /EC

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p p

LC-Bouncer based on 2-Winding Inductor

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g

LC-Bouncer Design Results

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! 5,P,%;4&+=6 5,P,%;4,'%$ K9>h/6 W';N,. U&.4,)$ !GD

! W'0*%4&+=6 W'0*%4,'%$ !9! hY6 W'0*%4&+ %&+$ H7556FBBH6 I;@$'3;&'3 rB8K!B8?B @@6 ]& &R P+;@,+1 4*+'3 !6 ]& &R 3$%&'0,+1 4*+'3 g6 S$,G %*++$'4 K9?GH

! s;m$+ &R -&*'%$+7,t&+ ;@P,%4&' +$P$,4,-;.;41

g


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Switching Unit / Gate Drive

Gate Drive

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! /,34 4*+' &' &R WTM27*.N634,)$ 4*+' &'

! /,34 4*+' &o &R WTM27*.N634,)$ 4*+' &oD&.4,)$ %.,@P;')

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;&*&48

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! :Q&+4 %;+%*;4 ;'0*%4,'%$= >B'Y

5&..$%4&+6_@;m$+ D&.4,)$ 5&..$%4&+ 5*++$'4

Short Circuit during Pulse

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5&..$%4&+6_@;m$+ D&.4,)$ 5&..$%4&+ 5*++$'4

! :Q&+4 %;+%*;4 n >B'Y E AGD E >BB'3999!h3

Short Circuit during Pulse Long Pulse

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5&..$%4&+6_@;m$+ D&.4,)$ 5&..$%4&+ 5*++$'4

! :Q&+4 %;+%*;4 n >B'Y E !GD E KBh3

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Ultra Precise Charging

Ultra-Precise Charging Converter

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! 2+;,')*.,+ %*++$'4 @&0$ L257O! 2X& ;'4$+.$,U$0 %&'U$+4$+3! W'P*4 U&.4,)$ ;4C e K9!GD! ^*4P*4 U&.4,)$ ;L6& e !GD f !B@D! ^*4P*4 P&X$+ =L6& e A 8 CBGJ! :X;4%Q;') R+$[9 2" e ?B u A>BGYv! #$P$,4,-;.;41 KBPP@

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Operating Principle Charging of Inductor

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! W'4$+U,. /G6 W'0*%4&+ %*++$'4 ;'%+$,3$3

Operating Principle Resonant Transition

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! W'4$+U,. /F6 vD: 4*+' &o &R "G6 #$3&','4 4+,'3;N&'M (

"G

;3 %Q,+)$0 4& 9)6&6 (

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! W'4$+U,. /N6 W'0*%4&+ %*++$'4 0$%+$,3$36 ()6&;3 %Q,+)$0 4Q+&*)Q

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! W'4$+U,. /J6 #$3&','4 4+,'3;N&'M (

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! Switching cycles are independent! Cycle-to-cycle feedback control! Required peak current / on-time is calculated for the next cycle! iLp=0..80A !vout=0..80mV

Control Hardware Factors influencing Repeatability

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! W'P*4 U&.4,)$ @$,3*+$@$'4 :]#! ^*4P*4 U&.4,)$ @$,3*+$@$'4 :]#! :X;4%Q %*++$'4 @$,3*+$@$'4 :]#! HI5 +$3&.*N&'! w*,'N

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Charging Precision Analysis Aim: 0.03V

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! HI5 KFM;4! IH5 KAM;4! s;m$+ >'3! :]#

D@$,3

rA9>0M! :]#D@$,3 gB0M! :;)',. I$.,1 AgB'3

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Solid-State Modulator with Pulse Transformer & PFC Supply

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S/5 E 5Q,+);') x';4 S*.3$ T$'$+,4&+ S*.3$ 2+,'3R&+@$+

System Setup 127MW / 370kV / 3s

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! KA :*-6*';43! AC S+$336P,%G WTM23

KA 7,;' 3X;4%Q$3 KA S+$6@,)'$N3,N&' 3X;4%Q$3 L K -&*'%$+ 3X;4%Q O

! g 2+,'3R&+@$+ %&+$3/;',. 4$3N') @;0 ABKC

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Ultra High Precision Klystron Modulatorsfor

Compact Linear Colliders (CLIC)

Medium Long Pulse Modulator(~ 100!s)

CLIC System Specifications

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! S*.3$ U&.4,)$ KFBGD! S*.3$ P&X$+ !>7J! S*.3$ 0*+,N&' KCBh3! #$P$NN&' +,4$ >BYh3 3$m.;')! 7,89 P*.3$ 0+&&P B9F>j! #$P+&0*%;-;.;41 KBPP@! :134$@ $k%;$'%1 a rBj

Modulator System - Overview

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Active Bouncer Topology

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Modulator System - Efficiency

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! _k%;$'%1 rKj! /;',. 4$3N')= ABK>EABKg

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Solid State Long Pulse Modulator

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! S*.3$ P&X$+ A9FF7J! HU$+,)$ P&X$+ K!!GJ! _k%;$'%1 T yrBj!

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Solid State Long Pulse Modulator Resonant Converter

Q R R

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! :X;4%Q;') R+$[*$'%1 a +$3&','%$ R+$[*$'%1:&{ 3X;4%Q;') R&+ ,.. 7^:/_23 LvD:OY;)Q $k%;$'%1

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Thermal Transformer Model

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V&R-$4X$$' 2*+'3

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Insulation Design Procedure

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Transformer/Inductor Design Tool (E-/H-Field)

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Simulation Results: Single Module

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#$3&','4 %;+%*;4 P,+,@$4$+3

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Simulation Results: Complete System

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#$3&','4 %;+%*;4 P,+,@$4$+3

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Series Resonant Inductor

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2&+&;0,. H;+ W'0*%4&+

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Results: Rectifier and Parallel Capacitor

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! b &R 0;&0$3 K>g! I;&0$ 41P$ HS2CBIwKAB:T LI!SHqO! b &R %,P,%;4&+3 gAC! 5,P,%;4&+ 41P$ KBB'/ ]S^ :7I AAAB! 2&4,. .&33$3 KA! J ! I;@$'3;&'3 $ e !?> @@

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Performance DC-DC Converter

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Solid StateBipolar Pulsed Voltage Source

for

Kicker Magnets

Specifications

V&X +;PP.$

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Bipolar Pulsed Voltage Source (BiPuVoSo)

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A .$U$. ;'U$+4$+ 3134$@# /;'$ %*++$'4 ,0t*34@$'4# V&33 %&@P$'3,N&'

7&0*.,+ @,+8641P$ @*.N6.$U$. 3134$@5&,+3$ %*++$'4 ,0t*34@$'4

A BiPuVoSo Module in Detail

A .$U$. ;'U$+4$+ 3134$@

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A .$U$. ;'U$+4$+ 3134$@W'4$+.$,U;')= #;PP.$ %*++$'4 +$0*%N&'

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Principle of Operation

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_A .$U$. ;'U$+4$+ 3134$@6 :@,.. &*4P*4 %*++$'4 +;PP.$

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Simulation Results

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Charging Converter

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Charging Converter

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_]&U$.. %&'U$+4$+ %&'%$P4_T,.U,';% ;3&.,N&'_H5 ;'P*4_7*.N I5 &*4P*4_M$'$(43

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Current Source for Kicker Magnet

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