Dispositivos Elétricos

8/16/2019 Dispositivos Elétricos

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SUMÁRIO

1. DISPOSITIVOS ELÉTRICOS UTILIZADOS EM BAIXATENSÃO (página 0 !

1.1 "#$%&'i$ (página 0 !1. Di$)#n*+,'$ (página 0-!1. In*',,#p*+,'$ Di ','n/iai$ R'$i #ai$ (página 0 !1.2 C+n*a*+,'$ (página 10!1.- R'34$ (página 1-!

. C5AVE DE PARTIDA (página !

.1 Pa,*i a Di,'*a (página !

. Pa,*i a E$*,'3a6T,i7ng#3+ (página 2!

. Pa,*i a C+8p'n$a +,a (página 9!

.2 Pa,*i a S4,i'6Pa,a3'3+ (página :!

. DIODOS (página !

.1 In*',,#p*+,'$ #$#ai$ '8 "+n*'$ C;a&'a a$ (página

2!. C+n*,+3' ' C+n&',$+,'$ (página 9!

2. INVERSOR DE "RE (página :!

2.1 C+n*,+3' '$/a3a, ' &'*+,ia3 (página !2. Pa,78'*,+$ + in&',$+, ' ,'?#@n/ia (página 21!2. In$*a3a + D+ In&',$+, D' ",'?#@n/ia (página 22!2.2 S+ *6$*a,*', (página 2-!

BIBLIO RA"IA(página -1!.

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1. DISPOSITIVOS ELÉTRICOS UTILIZADOS EMBAIXA TENSÃO

Dispositivos ! S!""io#$%!#to /+8#*a +,a$> $'//i+na +,a$> in*',,#p*+,'$ '

/+n*a +,'$.Dispositivos ! P&ot!'(o) p,+*' + /+n*,a $+ ,'/a,ga$ (,'34 *4,8i/+! 'p,+*' + /+n*,a /#,*+6/i,/#i*+ ( #$%&'3 ' ,'34 '3'*,+8agn4*i/+!.

Dis*+#to&!s) i$p+$i*i&+$ 8ai$ /+8p3'*+$ p+, ap,'$'n*a,'8 a$ /a,a/*',%$*i/a$+$ i$p+$i*i&+$ ' $'//i+na8'n*+ ' +$ i$p+$i*i&+$ ' p,+*' +.

1.1 ,+s-v!is

O$ #$%&'i$ $ + +$ i$p+$i*i&+$ ' p,+*' + 8ai$ *,a i/i+nai$ naa3i8'n*a + ' i&',$a$ /a,ga$> *'n + /+8+ p,in/ipa3 #n + a p,+*' + /+n*,a/#,*+6/i,/#i*+ ' $i$*'8a$ '34*,i/+$> a*#an + *a8 48 /+8+ 3i8i*a +,'$ a$/+,,'n*'$ ' /#,*+6/i,/#i*+.

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A +p',a + +$ #$%&'i$ 4 a a p'3a #$ + + '3'8'n*+ #$%&'3> /+n*i +'8 $'# in*',i+,. O '3'8'n*+ #$%&'3 n+,8a38'n*' 4 ' /+ ,'> p,a*a> '$*an;+>/;#8 + +# 3iga. O /+,p+> g',a38'n*' ' p+,/'3ana +# '$*'a*i*a> 4;',8'*i/a8'n*' '/;a +.

O$ #$%&'i$ ain a p+$$#'8 #8 '3'8'n*+ in i/a*i&+ ' +p',a +>

p+$$i i3i*an + a+ p,+ i$$i+na3 a á,'a + $',&a, $'# '$*a + ' #n/i+na8'n*+. O'3'8'n*+ #$%&'3 4 ain a ,'&'$*i + p+, #8 8a*',ia3 g,an#3a + 'F*in*+,> #*i3iGa +'8 a,'ia ' ?#a,*G+ /+8 g,an#3+8'*,ia a '?#a a.

E8 /i,/#i*+$ ' p+*@n/ia $ + #*i3iGa +$ +$ #$%&'i$D +# N /+8 ++ )'*i&+ ' p,+*'g', a /a,ga a3i8'n*a a /+n*,a /+,,'n*'$ ' /#,*+6/i,/#i*+ ' '

+,8a $'3'*i&a ('8 /+8 ina + /+8 ,'34$! /+n*,a $+ ,'/a,ga$ ' 3+nga#,a +. Há na p,+*' + ' /i,/#i*+$ ' /+8an + g',a38'n*' $ + #*i3iGa +$#$%&'i$ *ip+ D /+8 /a,a/*',%$*i/a$ ' in*',,#p + ,'*a, a a.

EFi$*'8 i&',$+$ /,i*4,i+$ ' /3a$$i i/a + ' #$%&'i$. D'n*,' '3'$> +$8ai$ #*i3iGa +$ $ + + a *'n$ + ' a3i8'n*a + ( aiFa +# a3*a *'n$ +! ' + a$/a,a/*',%$*i/a$ ' in*',,#p + (,'*a, a +$ +# #3*,a,,ápi +$!.

O$ #$%&'i$ #*i3iGa +$ na p,+*' + ' /i,/#i*+$ ' a3i8'n*a + '8+*+,'$ $ + a /3a$$' #n/i+na3 (/L !> + ?#' in i/a ?#' 4 #8 '3'8'n*+ 'p,+*' + g',a3 ' $#a /a,a/*',%$*i/a 4 ' in*',,#p + ' ' 'i*+ ,'*a, a + ( /0 !.O$ 8+*+,'$ n'/'$$i*a8 ' #8a /+,,'n*' i&',$a$ &'G'$ 8ai+, ?#' a /+,,'n*'n+8ina3 ' ?#' '&',á $', *+3',a a. N+ /a$+ ' #$%&'i$ #3*,a,,ápi +$> '8

#n + a /+,,'n*' ' pa,*i a> '3'$ n + $#p+,*a,ia8 '$*a /+,,'n*' '?#'i8a,ia8. E$*á $i*#a + '$*a,ia '8 '$a/+, + /+8 a #n + + #$%&'3> p+i$a /+,,'n*' ' pa,*i a n + ,'p,'$'n*a n'n;#8a /+n i + an+,8a3.

T'8p+ ' pa,*i a (a/'3',a +!• Pa,*i a i,'*a -$• Pa,*i a '$*,'3a6 '3*a 10$• Pa,*i a /+8p'n$a +,a 1-$• Pa,*i a '$*,'3a $4,i'6pa,a3'3+ 10$

Ca$+ + #$%&'3 $')a $# 8'*i + a /+n i J'$ ' /#,*+6/i,/#i*+> a /+,,'n*'' in*',,#p + in$*an*7n'a 4 8#i*+ $'8'3;an*' a+$ #$%&'i$ #3*,a,,ápi +$> p+i$

a in*'n$i a ' *4,8i/a 4 '3'&a a a *a3 n%&'3 ?#' #n ' + '3'8'n*+ #$%&'3in$*an*an'a8'n*'.

O#*,+ /,i*4,i+ i8p+,*an*' ' /3a$$i i/a + +$ #$%&'i$ 4 a +,8a/+n$*,#*i&a> a$i/a8'n*' $ + /3a$$i i/a +$ '8 *ip+D ( ia8'*,a3! ' *ip+ N (a3*a/apa/i a '> aiFa *'n$ +!.

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O$ #$%&'i$ *ip+D *@8 $#a ap3i/a + &+3*a a pa,a p,+*' + ' /#,*+6/i,/#i*+ '8 in$*a3a J'$ ,'$i 'n/iai$> /+8',/iai$ ' in #$*,iai$. E$* + i$p+n%&'i$'8 i&',$a$ /+,,'n*'$ n+,8a3iGa a$> /+8 /apa/i a ' ' ,#p*#,a ' a/+, +/+8 a /+,,'n*' + #$%&'3 ' 100 KA> 0 KA ' -0 KA ' *'n$ + 8áFi8a ' -00V.

O$ #$%&'i$ + *ip+N *'8 $#a ap3i/a + 8ai$ ,'$*,i*a na in $*,ia.Ta8 48 '$* + i$p+n%&'i$ '8 i&',$+$ &a3+,'$ ' /+,,'n*'$ n+,8a3iGa a$>/+8 /apa/i a ' ' ,#p*#,a ' 1 0 KA ' *'n$ + 8áFi8a ' -00V.

1. Dis*+#to&!s

O$ i$)#n*+,'$ $ + i$p+$i*i&+$ ' p,+*' + ' /i,/#i*+$ 8ai$ /+8#n$ '8aiFa *'n$ +. Na 8ai+,ia a$ ap3i/a J'$> $ + *',8+8agn4*i/+$> '?#ipa +$ /+8i$pa,+ *4,8i/+ (p,+*' + /+n*,a $+ ,' /a,ga /a,a/*',%$*i/a ' 3+nga #,a +!

' i$pa,+ '3'*,+8agn4*i/+ (p,+*' + /+n*,a /#,*+6/i,/#i*+ /a,a/*',%$*i/a '3+nga #,a +!. ',a38'n*' $ + in$*a3a +$ '8 ?#a ,+$ ' i$*,i #i +.

O$ 8ini i$)#n*+,'$ $ + i$p+$i*i&+$ ' p,+*' + '$'n&+3&i +$ /+8 ++ )'*i&+ ' p,+*'g', a$ in$*a3a J'$ '34*,i/a$ /+n*,a $+ ,'/a,ga ' /#,*+6/i,/#i*+.Ta8 48 p+ '8 $', #*i3iGa +$ na p,+*' + ' '?#ipa8'n*+$ '34*,i/+$ 3'&an +

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'8 /+n*a a$ '$p'/i i/a J'$ *4/ni/a$ (/+,,'n*' n+8ina3> /apa/i a ' 'in*',,#p + ' /#,*+6/i,/#i*+ ' /#,&a ' i$pa,+!.

Figura 4 - Minidisjuntores

O$ 8ini i$)#n*+,'$ p+$$#'8 8'/ani$8+$ ' i$pa,+ 3i&,'> + ?#'ga,an*' a a*#a + + i$)#n*+, 8'$8+ ?#' a a3a&an/a ' a/i+na8'n*+ '$*')a

*,a&a a na p+$i + 3iga a.Figura 5 - Características construtivas

Pa,a $' + *', #8a $'3' + a '?#a a + i$)#n*+,> $#a /+,,'n*' n+8ina3'&',á $',> na 8ai+,ia +$ /a$+$> 8'n+, +# ig#a3 /+,,'n*' 8áFi8a a 8i*i a

p'3+ /+n #*+, a in$*a3a + (/apa/i a ' ' /+,,'n*' +$ /+n #*+,'$ +,n'/i ap'3+$ a ,i/an*'$!.

O$ i$)#n*+,'$ '8 /aiFa 8+3 a + $ + a/i+na +$ p'3a ap3i/a + ' #8a+, a 'F*',na (a3a&an/a> 8+*+,> '*/.! $+ ,' #8 '3'8'n*+ ?#' *'8 /+8+ #n +

a/i+na, #8 /+n)#n*+ ' /+n*a*+$ p,in/ipai$ ' a#Fi3ia,'$> a+ 8'$8+ in$*an*' ?#'/+8p,i8' #8 )+g+ ' 8+3a$ ' a ',*#,a. A+ ina3 + p',/#,$+ + 8'/ani$8+

' a/i+na8'n*+> #8a *,a&a 8an*48 + $i$*'8a ' p+$i + +$ /+n*a*+$'/;a +$ ' a$ 8+3a$ ' a ',*#,a /+8p,i8i a$.

Figura 6 - Disjuntor em caixa moldada

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U8 /+8an + ' a ',*#,a> i,'*a8'n*' n+ 8'/ani$8+ +# p+, 8'i+ +$i$*'8a ' i$pa,+> p,+&+/a + '$*,a&a8'n*+ + 8'/ani$8+ ?#' +/a$i+na a

$'pa,a + ,#$/a +$ /+n*a*+$ '/;a +$ p,+&+/a +$ p'3a 3i ',*a + a$ 8+3a$' a ',*#,a /+8p,i8i a$. C+8 a a ',*#,a +$ /+n*a*+$ p,in/ipai$ +/+,,' ain*',,#p + ' /+,,'n*' n+ /i,/#i*+ ?#' *'8 &a3+, 8áFi8+ 'n+8ina + na/apa/i a ' ' in*',,#p +. A ig#,a : 8+$*,a + #n/i+na8'n*+ +$ i$)#n*+,'$'8 /aiFa 8+3 a a.

O i$)#n*+,68+*+, p+ ' $', #*i3iGa + na p,+*' + ' /i,/#i*+$ '34*,i/+$ 'pa,*i a p,+*' + ' 8+*+,'$. C+8 '3'&a a /apa/i a ' ' in*',,#p +>p+$$i i3i*a $#a ap3i/a + 8'$8+ '8 in$*a3a J'$ /+8 '3'&a + n%&'3 ' /#,*+6/i,/#i*+. a,an*' ain a p,+*' + *+*a3 a+ /i,/#i*+ ' a+ 8+*+, p+, 8'i+ ' $'#$

i$pa,a +,'$ *4,8i/+$ (a)#$*á&'i$ pa,a p,+*' + /+n*,a $+ ,'/a,ga$ ''?#ipa +$ *a8 48 /+8 8'/ani$8+$ i ','n/ia +$ /+8 $'n$i i3i a ' a3*a '

a$'! ' 8agn4*i/+$ (/a3i ,a +$ pa,a p,+*' + /+n*,a /#,*+6/i,/#i*+ ' a$$i8$#p+,*a, a /+,,'n*' ' pa,*i a + 8+*+,!. Van*ag'n$

• "#n/i+na /+8+ /;a&' g',a3• D'$3iga8'n*+ $i8#3*7n'+ ' *+ a$ a$ a$'$> '&i*an +

#n/i+na8'n*+ i á$i/+• E8 /a$+ ' a ',*#,a p+, /#,*+6/i,/#i*+> a$*a ,'a,8á63+> n +

n'/'$$i*an + $#a $# $*i*#i +

Figura 7 - Disjuntor Motor com Acionamento por Bot o e !otativo

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Figura " - Funcionamento Disjuntor de Caixa

1.2 I#t!&&+pto&!s Di3!&!#"i$is R!si +$is

O$ in*',,#p*+,'$ i ','n/iai$ ,'$i #ai$ 4DRs $ + #*i3iGa +$ pa,ap,+*' + ' p'$$+a$ ' in$*a3a J'$ '34*,i/a$ *an*+ '8 /+n*a*+$ i,'*+$ ?#an*+in i,'*+$ ' ain a na p,+*' + /+n*,a ' 'i*+$ ' /+,,'n*'$ ' #ga *',,a>

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'*'/*an + a$ #ga$ ' /+,,'n*' ?#' p+$$a8 'Fi$*i, '8 /i,/#i*+$ '34*,i/+$. E$*'i$p+$i*i&+ ga,an*' a $'g#,an a /+n*,a /;+?#'$ '34*,i/+$ ' in/@n i+$. Ap'$a, ' $' *', a $'n$a + ' /;+?#'> '8 /a$+ ' /+n*a*+ a a$' /+8 + /+,p+

;#8an+> n + ;á ,i$/+ ' &i a> /a$+ + /i,/#i*+ $')a p,+*'gi + p+, '$*'i$p+$i*i&+.

O in*',,#p*+, i ','n/ia3 *'8 /+8+ #n + 8+ni*+,a, p',8an'n*'8'n*'>p+, 8'i+ ' #8 *,an$ +,8a +, ' /+,,'n*' *+,+i a3> a $+8a &'*+,ia3 a$/+,,'n*'$ ?#' p',/+,,'8 *+ + + /i,/#i*+. E8 /+n i J'$ n+,8ai$ '

#n/i+na8'n*+> +n ' + /i,/#i*+ '$*i&', +p',an + $'8 p,+ 3'8a$> a $+8a&'*+,ia3 a$ /+,,'n*'$ '&',á $', p,a*i/a8'n*' n#3a.

Ca$+ + /i,/#i*+ ap,'$'n*' a3g#8a a3;a ' i$+3a8'n*+ '8 #8'?#ipa8'n*+ a3i8'n*a + p+, '$$' /i,/#i*+> +/a$i+nan + #8a #ga ' /+,,'n*' *',,a> a $+8a &'*+,ia3 a$ /+,,'n*'$ ?#' p',/+,,'8 + /i,/#i*+ p,+*'gi + p'3+

i$p+$i*i&+ n + 4 8ai$ n#3a> 4 )#$*a8'n*' '$$a i ','n a ' /+,,'n*' ?#' + DR*'8 a #n + ' '*'/*a,.

Da 8'$8a +,8a> $' #8a p'$$+a *+/a, #8a pa,*' &i&a + /i,/#i*+p,+*'gi +> a /+,,'n*' i,á /i,/#3a, p'3+ /+,p+> p,+&+/an + ig#a38'n*' #8

'$'?#i3% ,i+ na $+8a &'*+,ia3 a$ /+,,'n*'$. E$$' '$'?#i3% ,i+ $',á *a8 48'*'/*a + p'3+ DR *a3 /+8+ $' +$$' #8a /+,,'n*' ' a3*a *',,a.

Figura # $ D!s

Figura %& - Curva de Funcionamento

O$ in*',,#p*+,'$ i ','n/iai$ ,'$i #ai$ ip+3a,'$ $ + #*i3iGa +$n+,8a38'n*' na p,+*' + ' $i$*'8a$ a$' n'#*,+ a$' a$'. Há +$in*',,#p*+,'$ i ','n/iai$ ,'$i #ai$ p+ '8 $', #*i3iGa +$ '8 ?#a3?#', *ip+ ',' '. Ca$+ #*i3iGa, + DR *'*,ap+3a, /+8+ ip+3a,> a a$' '&',á pa$$a, p'3+$*',8inai$ -69 ' + n'#*,+ p+, 6:. T+ +$ +$ /+n #*+,'$ + /i,/#i*+ '&'8 $', /+n'/*a +$ a+ DR> 'n*,'*an*+> + *',,a n + '&',á $', /+n'/*a + a+ i$p+$i*i&+.

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ApQ$ a $a% a + i$p+$i*i&+> + /+n #*+, n'#*,+ '&' p',8an'/', i$+3a + '*+ a a in$*a3a + ' n + p+ ' $', /+n'/*a + a+ *',,a.

Figura %% - Diagrama de 'iga( o

1.6 Co#t$to&!s

O$ /+n*a*+,'$ $ + i$p+$i*i&+$ ' 8an+ ,a 8'/7ni/a> n + 8an#a3>'3'*,+8agn4*i/a> ?#' *@8 #8a ni/a p+$i + ' ,'p+#$+. S + /+n$*,#% +$ pa,a'3'&a a ,'?#@n/ia ' 8an+ ,a$> /apaG'$ ' '$*a '3'/',> /+n #Gi, 'in*',,+8p', /+,,'n*'$ '8 /+n i J'$ n+,8ai$ + /i,/#i*+> in/3#$i&' $#p+,*a, $+ ,'/a,ga n+ #n/i+na8'n*+. D' a/+, + /+8 $#a ap3i/a +> + /+n*a*+, p+ '$', #*i3iGa + in i&i #a38'n*' +# a/+p3a + a ,'34$ ' $+ ,'/a,ga. EFi$*'8/+n*a*+,'$ ' p+*@n/ia ' /+n*a*+,'$ a#Fi3ia,'$.

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,i/+&$ 1 7 E8!%!#tos Co#st&+tivos o Co#t$to&

A/i+na8'n*+• CA A+ a3i8'n*a, a + ina #8 /a8p+ 8agn4*i/+ 4 g',a +> a*,ain + +

n /3'+ 8Q&'3> +/a$i+nan + a$$i8 a 8+&i8'n*a + +$ /+n*a*+$

p,in/ipai$ ' a#Fi3ia,'$. Pa,a /+n*a*+,'$ a/i+na +$ p+, CA> 'Fi$*'8 +$an4i$ ' /#,*+6/i,/#i*+> ?#' '$* + iF+$ $+ ,' + n /3'+ + /+n*a*+,>

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g',a38'n*' iF+$ n+ n /3'+ iF+. Pa,a /+n*a*+,'$ /+8 #8 an'3 na pa,*'iFa ' +#*,+ na pa,*' 8Q&'3> '&'6$' + $',&a,> na ;+,a a 8+n*ag'8>

pa,a ?#' i?#' #8 an'3 &+3*a + pa,a /i8a ' +#*,+ pa,a aiF+ +$ an4i$'&i*a8 + ,#% + '&i + pa$$ag'8 a /+,,'n*' a3*',na a p+, G',+. U8'n*,' ',,+ ,' #G a ,'8an@n/ia apQ$ a in*',,#p + a *'n$ + '

/+8an + ' '&i*a + /+3a8'n*+ + n /3'+. ApQ$ a '$'n',giGa + a+ ina ' a/i+na8'n*+> + ,'*+,n+ +$ /+n*a*+$ p,in/ipai$ ' a#Fi3ia,'$pa,a a p+$i + +,igina3 ' ,'p+#$+ 4 ' '*#a + a*,a&4$ ' 8+3a$.

• CC O ?#' i ',' + a/i+na8'n*+ CC + CA 4 a /+n$*i*#i + + /i,/#i*+8agn4*i/+ ?#' n + ap,'$'n*a an4i$ ' /#,*+6/i,/#i*+ ' ain a p+$$#%

+ ina ' 'n,+3a8'n*+ /+8 ',i&a + (pa,*' p+, a*,a/a8'n*+ ' +#*,apa,a 8an#*'n +!> #8 /+n*a*+ N" ,'*a, a + na a ',*#,a ?#' /#,*+6/i,/#i*a pa,*' + 'n,+3a8'n*+ #,an*' + a*,a/a8'n*+.

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,i/+&$ 12 7 Posi'(o ! Mo#t$/!% ! Co#t$to&!s

Ca*'g+,ia$ ' E8p,'g+ P+, 8'i+ a /a*'g+,ia ' '8p,'g+ $ +' ini a$ a$ /+n i J'$ pa,a '$*a '3'/', ' in*',,+8p', a /+,,'n*' ' a *'n$ +

n+8ina3 ' $',&i + /+,,'$p+n 'n*' pa,a a #*i3iGa + '8 /+n i J'$ n+,8ai$ '+p',a + + /+n*a*+, n+$ 8ai$ i&',$+$ *ip+$ ' ap3i/a + pa,a CA ' CC.

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1.5 R!89s

SOBRECAR0A

Di$p+$i*i&+$ /+n$*i*#% +$ p+, #8 pa, ' 378ina$ 8'*á3i/a$ (#8 pa, p+, a$'!> /+8 + p,in/%pi+ ' #n/i+na8'n*+ a$'a + na$ i ','n*'$ i3a*a J'$

*4,8i/a$ ?#' +$ 8'*ai$ ap,'$'n*a8 ?#an + $# 8'*i +$ a #8a &a,ia + '*'8p',a*#,a. Ta8 48 $ + /+n$*i*#% +$ p+, #8 8'/ani$8+ ' i$pa,+ /+n*i +n#8 in&Q3#/,+ i$+3an*' ' /+8 a3*a ,'$i$*@n/ia *4,8i/a.

S + ap3i/a +$ na p,+*' + ' #8 p+$$%&'3 $#p',a?#'/i8'n*+ +$'?#ipa8'n*+$ '34*,i/+$> /+8+ *,an$ +,8a +,'$ ' 8+*+,'$.

O $#p',a?#'/i8'n*+ + 8+*+, p+ ' $', +/a$i+na + p+, $+ ,'/a,ga8'/7ni/a na p+n*a + 'iF+> *'8p+ ' pa,*i a '3'&a +> ,+*+, 3+?#'a +> a3*a '

a$' +# &a,ia J'$ 'F/'$$i&a$ ' *'n$ + ' ,'?#@n/ia ' ,' '.N'$$'$ p+$$%&'i$ p,+ 3'8a$> + a#8'n*+ ' /+,,'n*' ($+ ,' /+,,'n*'! n+

8+*+, 4 8+ni*+,a + p+, *+ a$ a$ a$'$ + ,'34 ' $+ ,'/a,ga.

,i/+&$ 16 7 R!89 ! so:&!"$&/$

,i/+&$ 15 7 R!p&!s!#t$'(o Es;+!%


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O$ ,'34$ $ + /+8p+$*+$ p+, #a$ ;a$*'$ 8Q&'i$ 3iga a$ a #8a a3a&an/a8Q&'3. E$$a a3a&an/a 4 ,'$p+n$á&'3 p'3a *,an$8i$$ + + 8+&i8'n*+ +$

i8'*ai$ a+ /i,/#i*+ a#Fi3ia,. A ,'3a + *'8p+ F /+,,'n*' ' '$a,8' ' ,'34$ *4,8i/+$ ' $+ ,'/a,ga

4 /+n;'/i a /+8+ /#,&a /a,a/*',%$*i/a.

,i/+&$ 1= > C+&v$s C$&$"t!&-sti"$s D! R!89s T9&%i"os D! So:&!"$&/$

,i/+&$ 1? > I !#ti3i"$'(o Dos T!&%i#$is D! Pot@#"i$ Do R!89 D! So:&!"$&/$

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,i/+&$ 1 > I !#ti3i"$'(o Dos T!&%i#$is Dos Co#t$tos A+ i8i$&!s Do R!89 D! So:&!"$&/$

,i/+&$ 1 > T!"8$ M+8ti3+#'(o R!89 D! So:&!"$&/$

R!89s D! T!%po

T'8p+,iGa +,'$ $ + i$p+$i*i&+$ ' /+n*,+3' ' *'8p+$ ' /#,*a #,a +?#' *@8 p+, ina3i a ' +,n'/', #8 $ina3 ' $a% a /+n +,8' $#a #n + ' +*'8p+ a)#$*a +. S + #*i3iGa +$ na a#*+8a + ' 8á?#ina$> p,+/'$$+$in #$*,iai$> '$p'/ia38'n*' '8 $'?#'n/ia8'n*+> in*',,#p J'$ ' /+8an +$ '/;a&'$ ' pa,*i a.

O$ ,'34$ ' *'8p+ /+8 ,'*a, + na 'n',giGa + ( RE! $ + i$p+$i*i&+$ap3i/a +$ n+ $'?#'n/ia8'n*+ ' /+8an +$ ' in*',,#p J'$> pain4i$ '/+8an + ' /;a&'$ /+8p'n$a +,a$. En/+n*,a86$' na$ /+n ig#,a J'$ /+8 #8a+# #a$ $a% a$NANE.

C+8 a 'n',giGa + +$ *',8inai$ ' a3i8'n*a + A16A A26A > ini/ia6

$' a /+n*ag'8 + *'8p+ (*! a)#$*a + n+ ia3. D'p+i$ ' *,an$/+,,i + '$$'*'8p+> +/+,,',á a /+8#*a + +$ /+n*a*+$ ' $a% a> p',8an'/'n + n'$$ap+$i + a*4 ?#' a a3i8'n*a + $')a in*',,+8pi a.

O$ ,'34$ ' *'8p+ '$*,'3a6 '3*a ( 6D! $ + i$p+$i*i&+$ a ,i/a +$'$p'/ia38'n*' pa,a #*i3iGa + '8 /;a&'$ ' pa,*i a '$*,'3a6 '3*a. N'$*' ,'34 $''n/+n*,a8 +i$ /i,/#i*+$ ' *'8p+,iGa +> $'n + p+$$%&'3 a)#$*a, ap'na$ +/+n*,+3' ' *'8p+ ?#' 'F'/#*a a /+n'F + '$*,'3a> ' + $'g#n +> /+8 *'8p+p,''$*a '3'/i + ' iF+ (100 8$! pa,a /+n*,+3' + in*',&a3+ 'n*,' a *,+/a a$/+n'FJ'$ '$*,'3a ' '3*a.

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19/53

,i/+&$ 7 Di$/&$%$ D$ Li/$'(o) R!89 D! T!%po Co% R!t$& o N$ E#!&/iF$'(o

A+ '$p'/i i/a, #8 *'8p+,iGa +,> '&'6$' '$p'/i i/a, p,i8'i,a8'n*' +8+ + ' +p',a +> '8 $'g#i a> a aiFa ' a)#$*' + *'8p+> *'n$ + '/+8an + ' + n 8',+ ' /+n*a*+$> + $',&an +6$' a$ /+n ig#,a J'$n'/'$$á,ia$ pa,a ap3i/a +.

,i/+&$ 1 > i$/&$%$ ! 8i/$'(o &!89 ! t!%po !st&$7t&iG#/+8o

19


20/53

,i/+&$ > Di$8 A*+st! D! T!%po&iF$'(o

,i/+&$ 2 > Di$/&$%$ D! ,+#"io#$%!#to

D! P&ot!'(oO ,'34 ' $'?#@n/ia ' a$' 4 + i$p+$i*i&+ i 'a3 pa,a + 8+ni*+,a8'n*+ '

/+n*,+3' ' $i$*'8a$ *,i á$i/+$ /+n*,a a in&',$ + a $'?#@n/ia a$ a$'$.D'*'/*a ?#a3?#', in&',$ + ' $'?#@n/ia ' a$' '> p+, i$$+> 4 8#i*+ #*i3iGa +na p,+*' + +$ 8+*+,'$ *,i á$i/+$> pain4i$ ' /+8an + ' i&',$+$a/i+na8'n*+$ CA.

O ,'34 ' $'?#@n/ia ' a$' n + /+8#*a a $a% a + ,'34>i8p+$$i i3i*an + + $i$*'8a + ?#a3 '$*á in$',i + 'n*,a, '8 +p',a +. I$$+ +/+,,'p+, /a#$a a in&',$ + ' a$'$ na a3i8'n*a + + $i$*'8a. A $a% a + ,'34 $Q 4/+8#*a a pa,a a p+$i + ?#' ;a i3i*a a +p',a + + $i$*'8a /a$+ a ,' ''34*,i/a '$*')a /+n'/*a a /+8 a $'?#@n/ia ' a$'$ a '?#a a$.

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Boto!i&$s

A$ +*+'i,a$ $ + /;a&'$ '34*,i/a$ a/i+na a$ 8an#a38'n*' ?#'ap,'$'n*a8> g',a38'n*'> #8 /+n*a*+ a ',*+ ' +#*,+ '/;a +. D' a/+, + /+8 +*ip+ ' $ina3 a $', 'n&ia + a+ /+8an + '34*,i/+> a$ +*+'i,a$ $ +/a,a/*',iGa a$ /+8+ p#3$a +,a$ +# /+8 *,a&a.

A$ +*+'i,a$ p#3$a +,a$> in&',*'8 $'#$ /+n*a*+$ 8' ian*' +a/i+na8'n*+ ' #8 +* + '> '&i + a + ' #8a 8+3a> ,'*+,na8 p+$i +ini/ia3 ?#an + /'$$a + a/i+na8'n*+. E$$a +*+'i,a p+$$#i #8 /+n*a*+ a ',*+ '#8 /+n*a*+ '/;a +> $'n + a/i+na a p+, #8 +* + p#3$a +, 3i$+ ','p+$i/i+na a p+, 8+3a.

A$ +*+'i,a$ /+8 *,a&a *a8 48 in&',*'8 $'#$ /+n*a*+$ 8' ian*' +a/i+na8'n*+ ' #8 +* +> 'n*,'*an*+> a+ /+n*,á,i+ a$ +*+'i,a$ p#3$a +,a$>p',8an'/'8 a/i+na a$ ' *,a&a a$ 8'$8+ 'p+i$ ' /'$$a + + a/i+na8'n*+.E$$a +*+'i,a 4 a/i+na a p+, #8 +* + gi,a*Q,i+ /+8 #8a *,a&a ?#' 8an*48 +$/+n*a*+$ na 3*i8a p+$i + a/i+na a.

,i/+&$ 6 > Bot(o ! P+8s$ o& ,i/+&$ 5 > S!8!to&$ "o% T&$v$

,i/+&$ = > Boto!i&$ ! !%!&/@#"i$ "o% t&$v$

21


22/53

T$:!8$ 1 > I !#ti3i"$'(o ! BotH!s

22


23/53

Si#$8!i&os

S + in i/a +,'$ 3#8in+$+$> $ + 378pa a$ in/an '$/'n*'$ +# LED$>#*i3iGa +$ na $ina3iGa + &i$#a3 ' '&'n*+$ +/+,,i +$ +# p,'$*'$ a +/+,,',. S +'8p,'ga +$> g',a38'n*'> '8 3+/ai$ ' +a &i$i i3i a ' ?#' a/i3i*'8 a&i$#a3iGa + + $ina3iGa +,.

,i/+&$ ? > LG%p$ $ ! Si#$8iF$'(o

T$:!8$ > I !#ti3i"$'(o ! Si#$8!i&os

23


24/53

. C AVE DE PARTIDAO$ 8+*+,'$ '34*,i/+$ ' /+,,'n*' a3*',na a *,i á$i/+$ $ + p,+)'*a +$ pa,a

*,a a3;a, n#8a '*',8ina a *'n$ + ' /+,,'n*' n+8ina3> pa,a ?#' 'n*,'g#'8 a

p+*@n/ia '$*ip#3a a p'3+ a ,i/an*'. P+,48> na pa,*i a ' 8+*+,'$ +/+,,' #8a/+,,'n*' ' pi/+> p+ 'n + $', ' 2 1 &'G'$ a /+,,'n*' n+8ina3> + ?#' 4p,')# i/ia3 pa,a a ,' ' +n ' + 8+*+, '$*á in$*a3a + ' pa,a &i a *i3 + 8+*+,.

Pa,a /a a p,+)'*+ 4 ' ini + 'n* + #8 *ip+ ' pa,*i a a ?#a3 $',áin$*a3a + + 8+*+,> &i$an + + /#$*+ a +p',a + ' a p,+*' + + 8+*+, ' a,' '. A?#i $', + ap,'$'n*a a$ a$ pa,*i a$ i,'*a> '$*,'3a6*,i7ng#3+>/+8p'n$a +,a ' $4,i'6pa,a3'3a.

.1 P$&ti $ Di&!t$

A pa,*i a i,'*a $' á a*,a&4$ a 3iga + i,'*a +$ i+$ ' a3i8'n*a ++ 8+*+, na ,' ' ' +,n'/i8'n*+ ' 'n',gia. E$$' *ip+ ' pa,*i a &i$a +

8'n+, /#$*+ na in$*a3a + + 8+*+,. P+,48 *,á$ #8a $4,i' ' '$&an*ag'n$>/+8+ a$ )á ap,'$'n*a a$ an*',i+,8'n*' ?#' a ' *'n$ + n+ $i$*'8a 'a3i8'n*a + a ,' '> i8in#i + a &i a *i3 + 8+*+, p+, /a#$a + pi/+ '/+,,'n*' pa$$an + n+$ /+n #*+,'$ ' a i8p+$i + a$ /+n/'$$i+ná,ia$ ''n',gia ?#' 3i8i*a8 a ?#' a ' *'n$ + na ,' '.

E$*' *ip+ ' pa,*i a 4 ,'/+8'n a + pa,a 8+*+,'$ ' n+ 8áFi8+ >- 10CV ' pa,a ?#an + $' '$')a ap,+&'i*a, + '3'&a + *+,?#' ' pa,*i a/a,a/*',%$*i/a +$ 8+*+,'$ '34*,i/+$.

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25/53

S'g#' + iag,a8a ' p+*@n/ia pa,a pa,*i a i,'*a ' #8 8+*+, *,i á$i/+.

,i/+&$ > Di$/&$%$ ! pot@#"i$ p$&$ p$&ti $ i&!t$

. P$&ti $ Est&!8$7T&iG#/+8o


26/53


27/53

,i/+&$ 21 > Di$/&$%$ ! "o%$# o ! pot@#"i$ p$&$ p$&ti $ !st&!8$7t&iG#/+8o

O '$?#'8a a/i8a 8+$*,a /+8+ 4 'i*+ a 3iga + ' #8a /;a&' '$*,'3a*,i7ng#3+> *'n + /+8+ '3'8'n*+$ 8%ni8+$ '$*a*+,'$> 1 *'8p+,iGa +,> 1 +* +

' pa,*i a> 1 +* + ' pa,a a ' 1 i$)#n*+,.Pa,a ?#' #8 8+*+, pa$$a $', 3iga + '$*a +,8a 4 n'/'$$á,i+ ?#' '3'

p+$$#a 9 $a% a$ p',8i*in + a$$i8 a3*',a, a$ 3iga J'$ + 8+*+, +# pa,a '$*,'3a+# pa,a *,i7ng#3+. O#*,+ ,'?#i$i*+ pa,a '$*' *ip+ ' pa,*i a 4 ?#' + 8+*+, ini/i''8 &aGi+ #,an*' + *'8p+ ' pa,*i a> +# $')a $'8 /a,ga $+ ,' '3'. E ain a +8+*+, '&',á *,a a3;a, $'8p,' /+8 #a$ *'n$J'$> $'n + a 8'n+, /+in/i 'n*'/+8 a *'n$ + a ,' '.

.2 P$&ti $ Co%p!#s$ o&$

A /;a&' /+8p'n$a +,a #n/i+na /+8 #8 a#*+*,an$ +,8a +, 3iga + '8$4,i' /+8 a$ + ina$ + 8+*+, ,' #Gin + $#a *'n$ + ' 'n*,a a. ApQ$ + *'8p+

' pa,*i a + 8+*+, /+8' a a ,'/' ', a *'n$ + n+8ina3. N'$$' *ip+ ' /;a&' a3iga + + 8+*+, 4 $'8p,' a 8'$8a &a,ian + ap'na$ a *'n$ + ' 'n*,a a.

27


28/53

,i/+&$ 2 > C $v! "o%p!#s$ o&$

O a#*+*,an$ +,8a +, 4 +,8a + ' + ina$ /+3#na$ ' $'#$ *',8inai$in ',i+,'$ $ + 3iga +$ '8 '$*,'3a. N'$$a$ + ina$ 'Fi$*'8 Tap’s ($a% a$in*',8' iá,ia$! '8 ?#' $ + 3iga +$ + 8+*+,. E$$'$ Tap’s p+ '8 *', +$ &a3+,'$

' -0 > 9- ' :0 . S'n + ?#' + p,i8'i,+ ,' #G a + /+,,'n*' '8 - +$'g#n + '8 2 ' + *',/'i,+ '8 92 '8 ,'3a + a+ &a3+, a pa,*i a i,'*a.

E$$' *ip+ ' pa,*i a 4 #*i3iGa a pa,a 8+*+,'$ a/i8a ' 1-/& ?#' pa,*'/+8 a*4 -0 ' /a,ga. E8 ,'3a + $ #a$ /;a&'$ an*',i+,'$ '3a p+$$#i #8/#$*+ 8ai$ '3'&a +> +/#pa 8ai$ '$pa +> *,a a3;a /+8 /+,,'n*'$ ' pa,*i a8ai+, + ?#' na '$*,'3a6*,i7ng#3+> p+,48 '3a p',8i*' /+8 ?#' + 8+*+, )á ini/i'/+8 /a,ga.

28


29/53

,i/+&$ 22 > Di$/&$%$ D! Co%$# o E Pot@#"i$ P$&$ C $v! Co%p!#s$ o&$

.6 P$&ti $ S9&i!7P$&$8!8o A pa,*i a $4,i'6pa,a3'3+ $ + a$ pa,*i a$ '$*,'3a +# *,i7ng#3+> ini/ia38'n*'

3iga a$ '8 $4,i' ' 'p+i$ pa$$an + pa,a pa,a3'3+. N'$$' *ip+ ' pa,*i a a/+,,'n*' ini/ia3 /;'ga a - a /+,,'n*' a 3iga + i,'*a ' a + *+,?#' +8+*+,. P+, '$$' 8+*i&+ '$*' *ip+ ' /;a&' $Q p+ ' $', #$a a ?#an + n + ;á/a,ga na pa,*i a.

C $v! t&iG#/+8o s9&i!7p$&$8!8o

N'$$' *ip+ ' pa,*i a 4 n'/'$$á,i+ ?#' + 8+*+, $')a a)#$*á&'3 pa,a #a$*'n$J'$> $'n + a 8'n+, '3a$ ig#a3 a *'n$ + ' ,' ' ' a +#*,a #a$ &'G'$8ai+, ' *a8 48 ?#' + 8+*+, p+$$#a n+&' *',8inai$ ' 3iga + ' ?#' $')aa)#$*á&'3 pa,a ?#a*,+ n%&'i$ ' *'n$ +.

Na pa,*i a a$ + ina$ + 8+*+, $ + 3iga a$ '8 *,i7ng#3+6$4,i' (W!> /+8+8+$*,a a ig#,a> '8 #8a '*',8ina a *'n$ + ' apQ$ a*ingi, $#a ,+*a +n+8ina3> a$ + ina$ pa$$a8 a $', 3iga a$ '8 *,i7ng#3+6pa,a3'3+ (WW!> /+8+ na

ig#,a> /+8 a 8'*a ' a *'n$ + an*',i+,. O $',&a6$' ?#' '$*a +,8a a$+ ina$ p',8an'/'8 $'8p,' *,a a3;an + na 8'$8a *'n$ +.

,i/+&$ 26 7 Li/$'(o T&iG#/+8o E% S9&i!

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30/53

,i/+&$ 25 > Li/$'(o t&iG#/+8o !% p$&$8!8o

C $v! !st&!8$ s9&i!7p$&$8!8o A pa,*i a '$*,'3a $4,i'6pa,a3'3+ 4 '8p,'ga a $+8'n*' '8 8+*+,'$

*,i á$i/+$ ?#' p+$$#'8 1 *',8inai$ ' 2 *'n$J'$ n+8inai$ ' a3i8'n*a +( 0 :0 220 90! ' '3a 4 #*i3iGa a +n ' a *'n$ + ' ,' ' 4 ' :0 V.

Da 8'$8a +,8a ?#' a an*',i+,> '$$a /;a&' 3iga a$ + ina$ + 8+*+, p,i8'i,+ '8 $4,i' ( !> pa,a + a,,an?#'> 8an*'n + #8a *'n$ + ,' #Gi a '8/a a + ina> ' apQ$ '3a pa$$a a$ + ina$ pa,a 3iga + '8 pa,a3'3+ ( !.

,i/+&$ 2= > Li/$'(o !st&!8$ !% s9&i!

30


31/53

,i/+&$ 2? > Li/$'(o Est&!8$ E% P$&$8!8o

,i/+&$ 2 > Di$/&$%$ D! Co%$# o E Pot@#"i$ P$&$ C $v! S9&i!7P$&$8!8o

C+8+ &i$*+> /a a /;a&' 4 #*i3iGa a '8 #8a $i*#a + '$p'/% i/a '*'n$ + ' ,' ' ' +$ *ip+$ ' 8+*+,'$. A aiF+ '$*á '*a3;a + na *a '3a?#an + /a a #8a '3a$ p+ ' $', #$a a.

31


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T$:!8$ 2 > Es"o8 $ $ " $v! !% 3+#'(o o %oto& ! $ &! !,o#t!) JE0 4 ?K p.26

32


33/53


34/53

O i+ + #*i3iGa + '8 +n*'$ /;a&'a a$ '&' $', a +*a + '8 #n + a,'?#@n/ia ' *,a a3;+ ?#' 'Fig' + #$+ ' i+ + ,ápi + +# #3*,a,,ápi +. A

n'/'$$i a ' ' #*i3iGa, + i+ + ,ápi + +# #3*,a,,ápi + &'8 a $', p'3+ *'8p+ ','/#p',a + + i+ + pa,a ?#' $' /+8p+,*' /+8+ #8 i+ + n+,8a3 '8 a3*a

,'?#@n/ia. O i+ + p+$$#i #8a 3i$*,a p,'*a ?#' in i/a + 3a + /a*+ + + i+ +.

A )#n + PN 4 $'pa,a a '8 3a + P ' 3a + N> + 3a + P 4 +n ' ;áp,'$'n a ' 8ai+, n#8',+ ' 3a/#na$> + 3a + N 4 +n ' p,' +8ina +$ '34*,+n$.E$$a )#n + ' P ' N 4 /;a8a a ' /a8a a ' 'p3' +. É /;a8a a a$$i8

'&i + a#$@n/ia + 8ai+, n 8',+ ' p+,*a +,> +# $')a> n+ 3a + P 'Fi$*' na )#n + ?#an*i a '$ p'?#'na$ ' %+n$ n'ga*i&+$. N+ 3a + N> 'Fi$*' #8a?#an*i a ' p'?#'na ' %+n$ p+$i*i&+$.

,i/+&$ 61 > R!p&!s!#t$'(o +#'(o PN

A /a8a a ' 'p3' + 4 a /a#$a +,a a ?#' a ' *'n$ + + i+ + n+/i,/#i*+. O *ip+ 8ai$ $i8p3'$ ' /+8p+n'n*' '3'*, ni/+ $'8i/+n #*+,> #$a +/+8+ ,'*i i/a +, ' /+,,'n*' '34*,i/a 'n*,' +#*,a$ ap3i/a J'$. P+$$#i #8a ?#' a

' *'n$ + '> ap,+Fi8a a8'n*'> 0> V pa,a i+ +$ ' g',87ni+ ' 0> V pa,ai+ +$ ' $i3%/i+.

,i/+&$ 6 > Tipos ! Dio os

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35/53

A p+3a,iGa + i,'*a ,' ','n/ia a i$p+$i + a +n*' ' a3i8'n*a + V3iga a a+ i+ +. O *',8ina3 p+$i*i&+ 4 3iga + '8 i,' + a+ pin+ an+ + +

i+ +. E + *',8ina3 n'ga*i&+ 4 3iga + '8 i,' + a+ pin+ /a*+ + + i+ +. A/+,,'n*' '34*,i/a i /i,/#3a p'3a /a,ga ,'p,'$'n*a a p+, #8 ,'$i$*+, R ' p'3+

i+ + D.

,i/+&$ 62 > Po8$&iF$'(o Di&!t$

A p+3a,iGa + ,'&',$a *a8 48 ,' ','n/ia a i$p+$i + a +n*' '

a3i8'n*a + V 3iga a a+ i+ +. O *',8ina3 p+$i*i&+ 4 3iga + '8 i,' + a+ pin+/a*+ + + i+ +. E + *',8ina3 n'ga*i&+ 4 3iga + '8 i,' + a+ pin+ an+ + +i+ +. A /+,,'n*' '34*,i/a n + /i,/#3a p'3a /a,ga ,'$i$*i&a R ' n'8 p'3+ i+ + D.

O n%&'3 ' *'n$ + ap3i/a + p'3a +n*' in 3#'n/ia n+ /+8p+,*a8'n*+ + i+ +. Oi+ + $#p+,*a #8 '*',8ina + &a3+, ' *'n$ + ,'&',$a 'n/+n*,a + na$ +3;a$' a +$.

C+n +,8' $' a#8'n*a + &a3+, a *'n$ + ,'&',$a> a /a8a a ' 'p3' +*a8 48 a#8'n*a. E ?#an + a /a8a a ' 'p3' + a*ing' +$ 'F*,'8+$ +/a*+ + ' + an+ +> + i+ + pa$$a a /+n #Gi,> ?#'i8an +6+.

,i/+&$ 66 > Po8$&iF$'(o I# i&!t$

2.1 I#t!&&+pto&!s +s+$is !% ,o#t!s C $v!$ $s

EFi$*'8 in 8',+$ *ip+$ ' in*',,#p*+,'$ ?#' p+ '8 $', #*i3iGa +$ '8+n*'$ /;a&'a a$> n'$*' *,a a3;+ a +, a,'8+$ a3g#n$ *ip+$> + BHT> +Mosfet '+ I BT.

O *,an$i$*+, Bip+3a,Junction Transistor (BHT!> '8 p+,*#g#@$> T,an$i$*+, ' H#n + Bip+3a,> p+ ' $', i&i i + '8 +i$ *ip+$> + PNP ' NPN> a i ','n a' a8 +$ '$*á n+ $'n*i + ' /i,/#3a + a /+,,'n*' ' a$'(B!> ' /+3'*+,(C! '' '8i$$+, (E!. P+, 8'i+ ' #8a p'?#'na /+,,'n*' ' a$' /+n*,+3a a /+,,'n*'

'n*,' /+3'*+, ' '8i$$+,> '$$' 4 + p,in/ipi+ ' #n/i+na8'n*+.

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O *,an$8i$$+, BHT p+ ' $', #$a + /+8+ a8p3i i/a +, +# in*',,#p*+,>/+8+ + +/+ 4 in*',,#p*+, 'n a*iGa$$' n+ 8+ + ' #$a, /+8+ in*',,#p*+,. E8

+n*'$ /;a&'a a$ $ + #$a +$ /+8+ in*',,#p*+,'$ ' p+$$#'8 /a,a/*',%$*i/a$in*',na$ /+8+ /apa/i*7n/ia ( a,a a[!> ,'$i$*@n/ia (+;8! ' ?#' a ' *'n$ +(V+3*!.

,i/+&$ 65 > T&$#sisto&Bjt

O Mosfet (Metal Oxide Semicondutor Field Effect Transistor !> '8p+,*#g#@$> T,an$i$*+, ' E 'i*+ ' Ca8p+ ' M'*a3 \Fi + S'8i/+n #*+,. A$$i8/+8+ +$ BHT> '3'$ *a8 48 p+ '8 $', 'n/+n*,a +$ '8 +i$ *ip+$> + 'a/#8#3a + ' + ' 'p3' +. S#a i ','n a '$*á na +,8a /+n$*,#*i&a> +Mosfet ' a/#8#3a + p+$$#i #8a +pag'8 'n*,' + ,'n+ ' +n*'> ' + Mosfet

' a/#8#3a + n + p+$$#i.O Mosfet ' a/#8#3a + 4 a*i&+ /+8 *'n$ + ' gate (0 ! p+$i*i&a ' +

Mosfet ' 'p3' + #n/i+na /+8 *'n$ + n'ga*i&a ' p+$i*i&a> $'n + ?#' /+8*'n$ + G',+ &+3* p+$$#i #8a /+,,'n*' ini/ia3 'n*,' ,'n+ (D! ' source (S!> $'n +n'/'$$á,i+ #8 &a3+, ' *'n$ + n'ga*i&a pa,a n + ;a&', /+,,'n*' 'n*,' ,'n+ '

source . EFi$*' ain a +#*,a i ','n a 'n*,' + Mosfet > '3' p+ ' $', /ana3 N +#/ana3 P. O /ana3 N $igni i/a ?#' + Mosfet 4 a*i&+ /+8 *'n$ + p+$i*i&a ' + /ana3P $igni i/a ?#' + Mosfet 4 a*i&+ /+8 *'n$ + n'ga*i&a.

,i/+&$ 6= > T&$#sisto&Mosfet

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O Insulate Gate Bipolar Transistor (I BT!> ?#' $igni i/a *,an$i$*+, ip+3a,' p+,*a i$+3a a> *'8 a /a,a/*',%$*i/a ' /+,,'n*' ' /+3'*+, + *,an$i$*+, BHT '

a /a,a/*',%$*i/a ' gate p+, *'n$ + +Mosfet > + ?#' $i8p3i i/a a /+n$*,# + +

/i,/#i*+ ' /+8an +. P+$$#i *a8 48 aiFa p', a ' /+n # + /a,a/*',iGa ap+, 8'n+, ,'$i$*@n/ia n+ /+3'*+, ?#an + '8 /+n # +.

,i/+&$ 6? > IB0T

2. Co#t&o8! ! Co#v!&so&!s

É n'/'$$á,i+ #8 /+n*,+3' M+ #3a + p+, La,g#,a ' P#3$+ (P]M! pa,a/+n*,+3a, + *'8p+ ' + p',%+ + '8 n%&'3 a3*+ pa,a + /+n&',$+,. EFi$*'8 i&',$+$

/i,/#i*+$ ' /+8p+n'n*'$ ?#' g',a8 + $ina3 P]M> 'n*,' '3'$ +$ 8i/,+6/+n*,+3a +,'$> /i,/#i*+$ in*'g,a +$ /+8+ S - - ' + S - 2 ' '8ai$/i,/#i*+$ ?#' p+ '8 +,n'/', '$*' $ina3.

U8 $ina3 P]M 4 +,8a + p+, #8 p',%+ + '8 $'g#n +$ ($! +,igina + '#8a ,'?#@n/ia '8 ;',*G (5G! ' *a8 48 p'3+ *'8p+ '8 ?#' + p#3$+p',8an'/' 3iga + '8 $'g#n +$ ($!. EFi$*' #8a ,'3a + 'n*,' a ,'?#@n/ia ' +p',%+ +> $'n + + p',%+ + 4 ig#a3 a 1 i&i i + p'3a ,'?#@n/ia ?#' 4 'Fp,'$$a

p'3a $'g#in*' '?#a + T = 1

F .

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,i/+&$ 6 7 ,o&%$ D! O# $ R!p&!s!#t$# o U% Si#$8 PJM

Ci&"+ito I#t!/&$ o S025 5)

O /i,/#i*+ in*'g,a + 8+ #3a +, ' 3a,g#,a ' p#3$+ a $4,i' S - -+p',a na aiFa ' +i*+ a *,in*a ' /in/+ &+3*$ ' + +$/i3a +, 8+ #3a,iGa 'n*,' 1005G ' -00 K5G. O /+n*,+3' + *'8p+ 8+,*+ ' a ,'?#@n/ia 4 a)#$*á&'3 &ia;a, a,'.

,i/+&$ 6 7 Ci&"+ito i#t!/&$ o S025 5 !Pinagem

38


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6. INVERSOR DE ,RE U NCIAO in&',$+, ' ,'?#@n/ia p+$$#i a #n + ' /+n*,+3' a &'3+/i a ' ' +

*+,?#' n+$ 8+*+,'$ ' /+,,'n*' a3*',na a a pa,*i, ' #8 /+8an + '3'*, ni/+. É#*i3iGa + '8 i&',$a$ ap3i/a J'$> *ai$ /+8+ +8 a$> &'n*i3a +,'$> '*/.E3' 4 #8 +$ in$*,#8'n*+$ 8ai$ #*i3iGa +$ na a#*+8a + in #$*,ia3. C+8

+ $#,gi8'n*+ ' p,+/'$$a +,'$ 8ai$ ,ápi +$ ' #*i3iGa + ' *,an$i$*+,'$I BT^$> + a/i+na8'n*+ ' 8+*+,'$ '34*,i/+$ /+8 /+,,'n*' a3*',na a +/#pa a8ai+, pa,*' +$ $i$*'8a$ ' /+n*,+3'.

EFi$*'8 &á,i+$ 'n' %/i+$ pa,a + #$+ ' in&',$+,'$ ' ,'?#@n/ia> 'n*,''3a$ '$*a/a86$'> a i8in#i + ' pa,a a$ ' pa,*i a$ ,#$/a$ i8in#in + +

'$ga$*' 8'/7ni/+ + '?#ipa8'n*+ (,a8pa$ ' a/'3',a + ' ,'nag'8!>,' # + ' /#$*+$ ' pa,a a$ pa,a 8an#*'n +> ,' # + ' ,#% +$ '8 ,'3a +a+ /+n*,+3' 8'/7ni/+ ' &'3+/i a '> ' ,' # + ' 'n',gia.

O n 8',+ ' ,+*a J'$ '8 #8 8+*+, ' /+,,'n*' a3*',na a 4 a + p'3a$'g#in*' 'Fp,'$$ +

N = 120. f / p

S'n +N _ ,+*a + '8 RPM

_ ,'?#@n/ia a ,' '> '8 5GP _ n 8',+$ ' p+3+$.

O in&',$+, ' ,'?#@n/ia a*#a a3*',an + a ,'?#@n/ia ' a3i8'n*a + +8+*+,> 'n* +> p+ '6$' /+n$i ',á63+ #8a +n*' ' *'n$ + /+8 ,'?#@n/ia&a,iá&'3.

In*',na8'n*'> + in&',$+, 4 +,8a + p+, #8 /i,/#i*+ /+n +,8' ig#,aa aiF+> +,8a + p+, #8a p+n*' ,'*i i/a +,a *,i á$i/a ' +i$ /apa/i*+,'$ ' i3*,+.E$*' /i,/#i*+ #*i3iGa #8 *',,a /+8+ ,' ',@n/ia> +,8an + #8a +n*' CC$i84*,i/a.

,i/+&$ 5 > Es;+!%$ I#v!&so& T&i3


40/53

O a,,a8'n*+ CC g',a + a3i8'n*a #8 /+n)#n*+ ' $'i$ *,an$i$*+,'$I TB^$ ?#' $'n + /+8#*a +$ a pa,*i, ' #8a 3+gi/a ' /+n*,+3' /,ia8 #8a

+,8a ' +n a a3*',na a (?#a ,a a! /#)a ,'?#@n/ia &a,ia '8 #n + a,'?#@n/ia ' /;a&'a8'n*+.

O$ p#3$+$ ' i$pa,+ +$ I BT^$ p,'/i$a8 $', i$*,i #% +$ ' +,8a aga,an*i, ?#' a$ *'n$J'$ na$ $a% a$ $')a8 ' a$a a$ '8 1 0 g,a#$ 'n*,' $i.

6.1 Co#t&o8! !s"$8$& ! v!to&i$8

EFi$*'8 +i$ *ip+$ ' /+n*,+3' pa,a +$ in&',$+,'$ ' ,'?#@n/ia> +/+n*,+3' '$/a3a, ' + /+n*,+3' &'*+,ia3.

O$ in&',$+,'$ ' ,'?#@n/ia /+8 /+n*,+3' '$/a3a, p+$$#'8 a/a,a/*',%$*i/a ' 8an*', + *+,?#' + 8+*+, /+n$*an*'> '?#i&a3'n*' a+ n+8ina38'$8+ /+8 a &a,ia + a &'3+/i a ' + 8+*+,.

,i/+&$ 51) Di$/&$%$ T!#s(o ,&!;+@#"i$

Pa,a ,'?#@n/ia$ a aiF+ ' 0 5G *a8 48 +/+,,' a ,' # + a /+,,'n*'' a /+n$'?#'n*' ,' # + + *+,?#' + 8+*+,> p+,*an*+> p+ '6$' /+n/3#i, ?#' +/+n*,+3' '$/a3a, n+$ in&',$+,'$ ' ,'?#@n/ia '&' $', #*i3iGa + ?#an + n +;+#&', n'/'$$i a ' ' /+n*,+3' ' *+,?#' +# g,an ' p,'/i$ +.

Pa,a $i$*'8a$ $'8 &a,ia + ' /a,ga> +$ in&',$+,'$ ' ,'?#@n/ia *@8 a/apa/i a ' ' /+n*,+3a, a &'3+/i a ' ' ,+*a + /+8 #8a p,'/i$ +ap,+Fi8a a ' 0>- a ,+*a + n+8ina3 ' pa,a a &a,ia + ' 0 a 100 +

*+,?#' n+8ina3 a p,'/i$ + a ,+*a + /ai pa,a #8a aiFa 'n*,' a - a,+*a + n+8ina3.O /+n*,+3' &'*+,ia3 4 #*i3iGa + '8 ap3i/a J'$ +n ' $')a8 n'/'$$á,ia$

g,an ' p,'/i$ + n+ pa,78'*,+ ' &'3+/i a ' ' ,ápi a$ ,'$p+$*a$ + 8+*+, '34*,i/+> +n ' + 8'$8+ '&' ,'/' ', #8 /+n*,+3' p,'/i$+ ' *+,?#' pa,a #8ag,an ' aiFa ' +p',a +. D'n*,' a$ p,in/ipai$ &an*ag'n$ na #*i3iGa + 'in&',$+,'$ /+8 /+n*,+3' &'*+,ia3 '$* + p,'/i$ + ' ,'g#3a + ' &'3+/i a '>*+,?#' 3in'a, pa,a ap3i/a J'$ ' p+$i +> *+,?#' 3in'a, pa,a ap3i/a J'$ '*,a +> aiFa +$/i3a J'$ ' *+,?#' /+8 a &a,ia + ' /a,ga.

O n+8' &'*+,ia3 4 a + p'3+ a*+ ' a /+,,'n*' *+*a3 $', a $+8a &'*+,ia3+$ /+8p+n'n*'$> a /+,,'n*' ' 8agn'*iGa + ' a /+,,'n*' g',a +,a '

*+,?#' ' + *+,?#' g',a + n+ 8+*+, $', p,+p+,/i+na3 a+ p,+ #*+ &'*+,ia3 +$ +i$/+8p+n'n*'$.

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A ?#a3i a ' na i 'n*i i/a + '$$'$ +i$ /+8p+n'n*'$ '*',8ina +'$'8p'n;+ + in&',$+,. Pa,a a '*',8ina + '$$'$ +i$ /+8p+n'n*'$ 4

n'/'$$á,i+ #8 p,+/'$$a8'n*+ '8 *'8p+ ,'a3 ' #8a '?#a + ?#' ,'p,'$'n*a8a*'8a*i/a8'n*' + /+8p+,*a8'n*+ + 8+*+,> pa,a *an*+> 4 p,'/i$+ + #$+ '8i/,+p,+/'$$a +,'$ /+8 g,an ' /apa/i a ' ' p,+/'$$a8'n*+> p+i$ +$

8'$8+$ ,'a3iGa, + 8i3;a,'$ ' +p',a J'$ 8a*'8á*i/a$ p+, $'g#n +.Ba$i/a8'n*'> 'Fi$*'8 +i$ *ip+$ ' i8p3'8'n*a + ' in&',$+,'$ &'*+,iai$ ai8p3'8'n*a + $'8 $'n$+,'$ +# 8a3;a a ',*a ' a i8p3'8'n*a + /+8,'a3i8'n*a + p+, encoder +# 8a3;a '/;a a.

E8 g,an ' pa,*' +$ $i$*'8a$ +n ' 4 ap3i/a + + /+n*,+3' &'*+,ia3 $ +#*i3iGa +$encoder '$ a/+p3a +$ a+ 8+*+, pa,a a i8p3'8'n*a + ' #8a 8a3;a

'/;a a> $'n + + in&',$+, 4 /apaG ' aG', + /+n*,+3' a &'3+/i a ' ' +*+,?#' + 8+*+, p+, 8'i+ + /á3/#3+ a$ /+8p+n'n*'$ ' /+,,'n*'.C+8+ 'F'8p3+ ' /a,a/*',%$*i/a$ ' ,'g#3a + ' ,'$p+$*a$ in78i/a$ pa,a +in&',$+, /+8 ,'a3i8'n*a + p+, encoder *'86$' +$ $'g#in*'$ ,'$#3*a +$

• R'g#3a + ' &'3+/i a ' 0>01• R'g#3a + ' *+,?#' -

"aiFa ' &a,ia + ' &'3+/i a ' 1 1000• T+,?#' ' pa,*i a 200 8áFi8+• T+,?#' 8áFi8+ (n + /+n*%n#+! 200• R'g#3a + ' &'3+/i a ' 0>01• R'g#3a + ' *+,?#' n + *'8

"aiFa ' &a,ia + ' &'3+/i a ' 1 1000• T+,?#' ' pa,*i a -0 8áFi8+•

T+,?#' 8áFi8+ (n + /+n*%n#+! -0 .

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4.2 P$&G%!t&os o i#v!&so& ! 3&!;+@#"i$

A$ /a,a/*',%$*i/a$ ' '$'8p'n;+ + in&',$+, ' ,'?#@n/ia '&'8 $'a '?#a, ' a/+, + /+8 a ap3i/a + a $', i8p3'8'n*a a. E$$a a '?#a + 4,'a3iGa a p'3a pa,a8'*,iGa +.

O pa,78'*,+ + in&',$+, ' ,'?#@n/ia 4 #8a g,an 'Ga p'3a ?#a3 +

#$#á,i+ p+ ' 3', +# p,+g,a8a, &a3+,'$ ?#' a 4?#'8 + /+8p+,*a8'n*+ +8'$8+ ' + 8+*+, '8 #8a '*',8ina a ap3i/a +> + a/'$$+ a '$$'$pa,78'*,+$ 4 ,'a3iGa + p+, 8'i+ ' #8a I5M (in*', a/' ;+8'868á?#ina!>/+n +,8' ig#,a a $'g#i,.

,i/+&$ 5 > Es;+!%$ ! +%$ I M

P$&G%!t&o ! 8!it+&$)

O$ pa,78'*,+$ ' 3'i*#,a p+$$i i3i*a8 a &i$#a3iGa + +$ &a3+,'$p,+g,a8a +$ n+$ pa,78'*,+$ ' ,'g#3a +> + 8+*+,> ' /+n ig#,a + ' '

#n J'$ '$p'/iai$.

• P 16 R' ',@n/ia ' &'3+/i a '.• P V'3+/i a ' + 8+*+,.• P 2 C+,,'n*' + 8+*+,.• P 66 T'n$ + + /i,/#i*+ in*',8' iá,i+.• P 5 ",'?#@n/ia ap3i/a a a+ 8+*+,.• P = Ap,'$'n*a + '$*a + a*#a3 + in&',$+,.

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P$&G%!t&os ! &!/+8$'(o)

S + +$ pa,78'*,+$ ?#' p+ '8 $', a3*',a +$ p'3a #n + + in&',$+,.

• P1 6 T'8p+$ ' a/'3',a +.• P1 1 6 T'8p+ ' '$a/'3',a +.• P122 6 R' ',@n/ia 8%ni8a.• P126 6 R' ',@n/ia 8áFi8a.

P$&G%!t&os o %oto&)O$ pa,78'*,+$ ,'3a/i+na +$ a+ 8+*+, $ +

• P6 6 T'n$ + + 8+*+,• P6 1 6 C+,,'n*' + 8+*+,• P6 6 R+*a + + 8+*+,• P6 2 6 C+,,'n*' + 8+*+,.

R$%p$s ! $"!8!&$'(oQ !s$"!8!&$'(o

A a/'3',a + ' a '$a/'3',a + p+ '8 $', /+n*,+3a a$ '$p'/i i/an +6$'+$ &a3+,'$ ' *'8p+ ' &'3+/i a ' ina3> g',a38'n*' +$ in&',$+,'$ p+$$#'8 +i$*ip+$ ' ,a8pa$.

R$%p$ 8i#!$&

A ,a8pa 3in'a, 4 #*i3iGa a '8 ap3i/a J'$ '8 ?#' a$ /a,ga$ p+$$#'8,' #Gi + &a3+, ' in4,/ia> na pa$$ag'8 a &'3+/i a ' 0 pa,a + in%/i+ a ,a8pa' + ina3 a ,a8pa pa,a a &'3+/i a ' ina3. O $i$*'8a a/+p3a + a+ 8+*+, ,'/' ' #8 i8p#3$+ 'n+8ina + )',K.

R$%p$ S

A ,a8pa S p+$$i i3i*a a a/'3',a + ' a '$a/'3',a + + 8+*+, /#)aap3i/a + 'Fig' ?#' $' *'n;a pa,*i a$ ' pa,a a$ ' +,8a $#a&'. P+ ' $', a)#$*a a '8 #n + a ap3i/a + +software + in&',$+,> +n ' a348 +$*'8p+$ ' a/'3',a + ' '$a/'3',a + 'Fi$*' *a8 48 #8 p',/'n*#a3 '

i$*+, + S a /#,&a> /+n +,8' i3#$*,a + a aiF+.

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,i/+&$ 52) Di$/&$%$ V t4sMulti speed

A #n +multi speed p+$$i i3i*a a a3*',a + ' ,'?#@n/ia na $a% a +

in&',$+, a*,a&4$ ' /+8 ina J'$ na$ 'n*,a a$ igi*ai$. E$$a$ /+8 ina J'$na$ 'n*,a a$ igi*ai$ p+ '8 $', /+8an a a$ p+, /;a&'$ $'3'*+,a$> /+n*a*+,'$' CPL^$> 4 in i/a a ?#an + ;á a n'/'$$i a ' ' 8ai$ ' #8a &'3+/i a ' iFa>p+$$#i /+8+ g,an '$ &an*ag'n$ a $i8p3i/i a ' ' /+8an + ' a i8#ni a ' a,#% + '34*,i/+. O$ pa,78'*,+$ ,'3a*i&+$ a+multi speed & + ' P1 2 a P1 1> +#$')a> 4 p+$$%&'3 a i8p3'8'n*a + ' +i*+ &'3+/i a '$ i ','n*'$ na #n +multi speed .

,i/+&$ 56 ) Di$/&$%$ V t4s U

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4.3 I#st$8$'(o Do I#v!&so& D! ,&!;+@#"i$

D' a/+, + /+8 + a ,i/an*' ]E > + '$?#'8a $#g',i + pa,a a in$*a3a ++ in&',$+, ' ,'?#@n/ia 4 ap,'$'n*a + a aiF+.

,i/+&$ 55) Es;+!%$ ! I#st$8$'(o o I#v!&so& ! ,&!;+@#"i$

A /;a&' $'3'*+,a p+ ' $', #*i3iGa a pa,a a 8an#*'n +> +# '8 /a$+ ''8',g@n/ia +$ #$%&'i$ p,+*'g'8 a in$*a3a + /+n*,a $+ ,' /+,,'n*'. O*,an$ +,8a +, i$+3a +, +# a ,'a*7n/ia ' ,' ' p+$$#'8 a ina3i a ' ' i3*,a, a$;a,8 ni/a$ a ,' ' '34*,i/a> a ,'a*7n/ia 4 ,'$p+n$á&'3 p'3a i$+3a + ga3&7ni/a

+ in&',$+, a ,' '.

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4.4 Soft-starter

A /;a&' ' pa,*i a '3'*, ni/a> soft-starter > 4 #8 /i,/#i*+ /+8p+$*+ ' #8/+n)#n*+ *i,i$*+,'$ i+ +$ pa,a /a a a$' + 8+*+,> 4 *a8 48 /+n;'/i a /+8+pa,*i a $#a&'> p+i$ #8a *,an$i + ,#$/a a *'n$ + n + +/+,,' /+8+ n+$84*+ +$ ' pa,*i a p+, a#*+*,an$ +,8a +,> 3iga + '$*,'3a6*,i7ng#3+> '*/.

O /+8p+,*a8'n*+ a /+,,'n*' ' pa,*i a 4 ap,+Fi8a a8'n*' /+n*%n#+>+# $')a> $'8 g,an '$ &a,ia J'$. A /;a&' ' pa,*i a '3'*, ni/a *a8 48 *'8 a&an*ag'8 ' n + p+$$#i, pa,*'$ 8Q&'i$ +# ?#' g','8 a,/+ '34*,i/+> /+8+ na$/;a&'$ '3'*,+8'/7ni/a$.

A$ soft-starters #*i3iGa8 #8a p+n*' *i,i$*+,iGa a na /+n ig#,a +an*ipa,a3'3+> ?#' ,'/' ' + /+8an + ' #8a p3a/a '3'*, ni/a /+8 + + )'*i&+ ','a3iGa, + a)#$*' ' *'n$ + na $a% a> /+n +,8' p,+g,a8a + p,'&ia8'n*' 'i*ap'3+ #$#á,i+. U8a '$*,#*#,a $i8p3i i/a a a$soft-starters 4 ap,'$'n*a a na

ig#,a a $'g#i,

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,i/+&$ 5=) Es;+!%$ Po#t! Ti&isto&iF$ $

P+ '8+$ + $',&a, ?#' + /i,/#i*+ ' p+*@n/ia /+n*,+3a a *'n$ + ' ,' '$' #*i3iGan + a &a,ia + + 7ng#3+ ' i$pa,+ +$ SCR^$ /+8 + /+n$'?#'n*'/+n*,+3' + &a3+, ' i/aG a *'n$ + ap3i/a a a+ 8+*+,.

R$%p$ ! t!#s(o #$ $"!8!&$'(o

A$ /;a&'$ soft-starters p+$$#'8 #8a #n + ?#' ,'a3iGa a a#8'n*+g,a #a3 ' /+n*%n#+ a *'n$ + ' i/aG a*4 a*ingi, + &a3+, a *'n$ + n+8ina3 a,' '.

A + *'n + + /,'$/i8'n*+ g,a #a3 ' *'n$ + 4 + *i a &a,ian + + 7ng#3+' i$pa,+ +$ *i,i$*+,'$. P+ '6$' + $',&a, na ig#,a a $'g#i, + /+8p+,*a8'n*+a *'n$ + a+ 3+ng+ + *'8p+. O #$#á,i+ p+ ' a)#$*a, a *'n$ + ini/ia3 (Up! pa,a

ig#a3a, a *'n$ + ?#' /+8' a a 8+&', a /a,ga> a *'n$ +> 'n* +> a#8'n*a a*4 a*'n$ + a 3in;a #,an*' #8 *'8p+ a)#$*á&'3 (*,!. I$$+ a$$'g#,a #8a pa,*i a$#a&'.

,i/+&$ 5?) Di$/&$%$ T!#s(o T!%po

R$%p$ ! t!#s(o #$ !s$"!8!&$'(o

A pa,a a + 8+*+, p+ ' $', ,'a3iGa a ' #a$ +,8a$> p+, in4,/ia +#/+n*,+3a a. Na pa,a a p+, in4,/ia a *'n$ + &ai a G',+ in$*an*an'a8'n*' ' a

47


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,' # + ' &'3+/i a ' a /a,ga +/+,,' ' a/+, + /+8 a i$$ipa + a 'n',gia/in4*i/a a 8'$8a> na pa,a a /+n*,+3a a a $+ *6$*a,*', ,' #G g,a #a38'n*' a*'n$ + a*4 #8 &a3+, 8%ni8+ p,46 '*',8ina +.

,i/+&$ 5 ) Di$/&$%$ T!#s(o T!%po

Li%it$'(o ! "o&&!#t!

A #n + ' 3i8i*a + ' /+,,'n*' 4 #*i3iGa a '8 ap3i/a J'$ na$ ?#ai$ ain4,/ia a /a,ga 4 '3'&a a> '$*a #n + 3i8i*a a /+,,'n*' a+ &a3+, n'/'$$á,i+pa,a ?#' $')a &'n/i a a in4,/ia a /a,ga> p+$$i i3i*an + a a/'3',a + a8'$8a. P+ '8+$ + $',&a, na ig#,a a $'g#i, ?#' a pa,*i, a ' ini + ' #8p+n*+ ' 3i8i*a + ' /+,,'n*' ILIM> p+ '6$' &ia i3iGa, a pa,*i a ' 8+*+,'$ '8,' '$ ?#' )á '$* + 8#i*+ p,QFi8a$ ' $#a /apa/i a '> p+$$i i3i*an + *a8 48?#' $i$*'8a$ ' p,+*' + n + a*#'8 a '*an + + ,'$*an*' a in$*a3a +. Nap,á*i/a> '$*a #n + 4 8#i*+ #*i3iGa a ?#an + a ,a8pa ' *'n$ + $i8p3'$ n +a*'n ' a$ n'/'$$i a '$ ' pa,*i a.

,i/+&$ 5 ) Di$/&$%$ Co&&!#t! T!%po

E"o#o%i$ ! !#!&/i$

N+ 8+ + '/+n+8ia ' 'n',gia> a soft-starter i8in#i a *'n$ + ap3i/a aa+$ *',8inai$ + 8+*+, ' +,8a ?#' a 'n',gia +,n'/i a $')a p,+p+,/i+na3

'8an a $+3i/i*a a p'3a /a,ga> +# $')a> a 'n',gia n'/'$$á,ia pa,a $#p,i, +/a8p+. Na ig#,a a aiF+> + p+n*+ A ' in' + 8+8'n*+ +n ' a /a,ga 'Fig' +8áFi8+ /+n)#ga + /+8 + 8+*+, +p',an + /+8 a *'n$ + n+8ina3> /a$+ +/+,,a a,' # + a /a,ga /+8 #8 /+n$'?#'n*' a#8'n*+ ' &'3+/i a '> ,+*a + +8+*+,> a '8an a ' /+,,'n*' $',á ,' #Gi a ' + p+n*+ ' +p',a + $',á

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a3*',a + )#n*+ /#,&a pa,a + p+n*+ B. C+8+ + /+n)#ga + + 8+*+, 4p,+p+,/i+na3 a+ ?#a ,a + a *'n$ + ap3i/a a> /+8 a ,' # + a *'n$ + +/+,,'a ,' # + + /+n)#ga + ' /+8 a '&i a ,' # + ' *'n$ +> + p+n*+ '+p',a + pa$$a,á a $', A.

,i/+&$ = ) Di$/&$%$ C #

C+8+ a*+,'$ n'ga*i&+$> pa,a '$*' *ip+ ' 'n',gia> p+ '8+$ '$*a/a, ag',a + ' *'n$J'$ ' /+,,'n*'$ ;a,8 ni/a$ ?#' p+ '8 ,' #Gi, a &i a *i3 +$/apa/i*+,'$ pa,a /+,,' + + a*+, ' p+*@n/ia ' &a,ia J'$ n+ a*+, ' p+*@n/ia?#' p+ '8 /a#$a, $+ ,'a?#'/i8'n*+ n+$ *,an$ +,8a +,'$.

P&ot!'H!s

A +p',a + ' a ap3i/a + a$ softstarters n + $' ,'$*,ing'8 pa,*i a '8+*+,'$> a$ 8'$8a$ *a8 48 + ','/'8 i&',$+$ *ip+$ ' p,+*' +> +$p,in/ipai$ $ +

• So:&! "o&&!#t! i%! i$t$ #$ s$- $ i8pJ' + 8áFi8+ &a3+, ' /+,,'n*'?#' a soft-starter p',8i*' 3#i, pa,a + 8+*+, p+, p',%+ + ' *'8p+ p,46a)#$*a + (&ia pa,a8'*,iGa +!

• S+:"o&&!#t! i%! i$t$ a)#$*a + 8%ni8+ &a3+, ' /+,,'n*' ?#' a soft-

starter p',8i*' 3#i, pa,a + 8+*+, p+, p',%+ + ' *'8p+ p,46a)#$*a + (&iapa,a8'*,iGa +!• S!;+@#"i$ ! 3$s! i#v!&ti $ '$*a p,+*' + '$*á i$p+n%&'3 '8

ap'na$ a3g#n$ 8+ '3+$ ' *'8 a #n + ' ga,an*i, ?#' a /a,ga n + $')aa/i+na a /+8 a$ a$'$ in&',*i a$> 4 8#i*+ #*i3iGa a pa,a ga,an*i, +$'n*i + ' gi,+ pa,a a3g#n$ *ip+$ ' /a,ga$ $'n$%&'i$ a3*',a + +8'$8+> /+8+ 4 + /a$+ ' +8 a$

• ,$8t$ ! 3$s! #$ &! ! '*'/*a a a3*a ' #8a a$' na a3i8'n*a + asoft-starter ' 3+?#'ia +$ p#3$+$ ' i$pa,+ +$ *i,i$*+,'$

• ,$8t$ ! 3$s! #o %oto& '*'/*a a a3*a ' #8a a$' na $a% a asoft-starter ' 3+?#'ia +$ p#3$+$ ' i$pa,+ +$ *i,i$*+,'$

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• ,$8 $ #os ti&isto&!s '*'/*a $' a3g#8 +$ *i,i$*+,'$ '$*á ani i/a +.Ca$+ 'Fi$*a> 3+?#'ia +$ p#3$+$ ' i$pa,+ ' 'n&ia #8a 8'n$ag'8 '',,+ a*,a&4$ +displa

• D!3!ito ! t!o a*#a a*,a&4$ ' #8a 'n*,a a igi*a3 p,+g,a8a a. S +a$$+/ia +$ i$p+$i*i&+$ ' p,+*' + 'F*',n+$ pa,a a*#a,'8 $+ ,' '$$a'n*,a a> /+8+ p+, 'F'8p3+> $+n a$ *4,8i/a$> p,'$$+$*a*+$> ,'34$a#Fi3ia,'$> '*/.

,o&%$s ! $"io#$%!#to

B 3'i*#,a$ ' 8+ni*+,a + 'status 'i*+$ &ia I5M.

,i/+&$ =1 ! 3i/+&$ = ) Di$/&$%$ Co% I#v!&s(o Do S!#ti o D! 0i&o ! Di$/&$%$ :


51/53

• R!3&i/!&$'(o) 8+n*a, $'8p,' a$ #ni a '$ &',*i/a38'n*' /+8 a&'n*i3a + pa,a /i8a. C+n$i ',' #8a p', a ' /a3+, ' >9 ] A a/+,,'n*' /i,/#3an*'. C+n$#3*' +$ 8an#ai$ pa,a 8ai+,'$ in +,8a J'$.

• E"o#o%i$ ! !#!&/i$ n + p+ ' $', #$a a '8 8+*+,'$ ' an4i$ +# '8ap3i/a J'$ +n ' +/+,,a8 ,ápi a$ 8# an a$ ' /a,ga.

• Moto&!s ! $#9is ,'?#', #8 ni/+ ,'$i$*+, ' pa,*i a n+ /i,/#i*+,+*Q,i/+ pa,a +p',a, /+8 pa,*i a $#a&'.

• Co&&!'(o ! 3$to& ! pot@#"i$ n#n/a /+3+?#' /apa/i*a,'$ na $a% aa$ soft-starter $. N#n/a 3ig#' /apa/i*+,'$ #,an*' a ,a8pa '

a/'3',a +.• Moto&!s "o% 3&!io a3i8'n*' + ,'i+ $'pa,a a8'n*'> 'n',giG' /+8 +

,'34 ' pa,*i a a softstarter! N + 4 ,'/+8'n a a a #*i3iGa + ' soft-starter na$ $'g#in*'$ ap3i/a J'$ '3'&a +,'$ ' g#in a$*'$ ' ap3i/a J'$?#' ,'?#','8 *+,?#' *+*a3 &'3+/i a ' G',+

Pa,a $' '$p'/i i/a, #8a soft-starter 4 i8p+,*an*' + *', +$ $'g#in*'$a +$

• So:&! $ $p8i"$'(o 6 *+8' /#i a + /+8 a8+3a +,'$> *,i*#,a +,'$>'3'&a +,'$> g#in a$*'$> /'n*,% #ga$ ' +# +#*,a$ ap3i/a J'$ /+8 #8 a3*+n 8',+ ' pa,*i a$ p+, ;+,a

• So:&! os %oto&!s 6 *'n;a a$ in +,8a J'$ ' /+,,'n*' a p+*@n/ia>*'n$ + ' $' +$ 8'$8+$ $ + a$$%n/,+n+$ ' &'3+/i a ' ni/a

• Mo#t$/!% ?#a3 4 + g,a# ' p,+*' + IP + pain'3` p+ 'n + $',

#rofiBus$ %e&ice'et$

ModBus (T) .

FIELDB S

D'$*ina a$ p,in/ipa38'n*' a in*'g,a, g,an '$ p3an*a$ ' a#*+8a +in #$*,ia3> a$ ,' '$ ' /+8#ni/a + ,ápi a$ /+n ','8 '3'&a a p', +,8an/' 'a*#a + ' g,an ' 3'Fi i3i a ' +p',a/i+na3> /a,a/*',%$*i/a$ 'Figi a$ '8ap3i/a J'$ ' $i$*'8a$ /+8p3'F+$ ' +# in*'g,a +$.

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,i/+&$ =2 > Es;+!%$ ! R! !s

BIBLIO0RA,IA

BISONI> P. R. VAZ> ". S. ' O. PEREIRA HUNIOR> P. R..Instala*+es El,tricasIndustriais . SENAI. "3+,ianQp+3i$ SC> 010.

LOMBARD C;a&'$ E34*,i/a$ ' "',,a8'n*ai$. .a&e ompensadora .Di$p+n%&'3 '8.ttp/00www!lom"ard!com!"r0index!p.p01oomlaorg02342-34-35-36-78-9:0partida-compensadora . A/'$$a + '8 09 ' )#n;+ ' 012.

]E . omando e prote*;o 8Q #3+ 1. Ha,ag#á + S#3> 00 . 29 p. 1 CD6ROM.

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http://www.lombard.com.br/index.php/joomlaorg/2012-01-06-04-57-39/partida-compensadorahttp://www.lombard.com.br/index.php/joomlaorg/2012-01-06-04-57-39/partida-compensadorahttp://www.lombard.com.br/index.php/joomlaorg/2012-01-06-04-57-39/partida-compensadorahttp://www.lombard.com.br/index.php/joomlaorg/2012-01-06-04-57-39/partida-compensadorahttp://www.lombard.com.br/index.php/joomlaorg/2012-01-06-04-57-39/partida-compensadora


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