P R O S E D U R P E N Y E L E S A I A N S E N G I C E T A K O N S U M E N D E N G A N P E L A K U U S A H A D A N A K I B A T H U K U M N Y A M E N U R U T U N D A N G - U N D A N G

N O M O R 8 T A H U N 1999 T E N T A N G P E R L I N D U N G A N K O N S U M E N

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2 0 1 5

P E R S E T U J U A N D A N P E N G E S A H A N

P R O S E D U R P E N Y E L E S A I A N S E N G K E T A K O N S U M E N D E N G A N P E L A K U U S A H A D A N A K I B A T H U K U M N Y A M E N U R U T U N D A N G - U N D A N G

N O M O R 8 T A H U N 1 9 9 9 T E N T A N G P E R L I N D U N G A N K O N S U M E N

: R A H M A T

: 5 0 2 0 1 1 3 5 3

X H M U H U K U M

} H U K U M P E R D A T A

P e r s e t u j u a n O l e h T i m PcBfuJI:

K c t u a : H j . N u r s i m a h , S E . , S H . , M H .

A n g g o t a : 1 . R c n y O k p r i a n t i , S H . , M . H u m .

2 . H e l m i I b r a h i m , S B . , M . H u m .

D I S A H K A N O L E H

D E K A N F A K U L T A S H U K U M

M O T T O :

"Sesungguhnya k a m i telah mengutus Rasul-Rasul k a m i dengan membawa

bukti-bukti yang nyata dan telah h a n d t u r u n k a n bersama-sama A l Kitab dan

N e r a c a ( k e a d i l a n ) supaya manusia dapat melaksanakan k e a d i l a n ' ^

( Q . S . A I - H a d i d : 2 5 )

K u p e r s e m b a h k a n K e p a d a :

- A y a h a n d a H . A m i n b k a n d a r d a n

I b u n d a t e r c i n t a S a r i n a f a

~ S a u d a r a - a a u d a r a k u y a n g t e r s a y a n g

^ S e s o r a n g k e l a k m e n d a m p i n g i k u

T R I A P U T R I L E S T A R I , S H

- S a h a b a t - S a h a b a t k u D e d i E v r a n d y , E d o d a n U d i n

- A l m a m a t e r k u

i i i

J u d u l S k r i p s i : P R O S E D U R P E N Y E L E S A I A N S E N G K E T A K O N S U M E N D E N G A N P E L A K U U S A H A D A N A K I B A T H U K U M N Y A M E N U R U T U N D A N G - U N D A N G N O M O R 8 T A H U N 1 9 9 9 T E N T A N G P E R L I N D U N G A N K O N S U M E N

P e n u l i s , P e m b i m b i n g ,

R A H M A T N U R H U S N I E M I L S O N , S H . , S p . N . , M H .

A B S T R A K

Yang menjadi permasalahan adalah:

1. Bagaimanakah penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dengan pelaku usaha menurut Undang-Undang Nonior 8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen?

2. Apakah akibatnya hukumnya dan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen?

Selaras dengan tujuan paut dengan prosedur penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dengan pelaku usaha dan akibat hukumnya menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, maka jenis penelitiannya adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat Je.vAr/py/(menggambarkan) dan tidak bermaksud untuk menguji hipotesa.

1. Teknik Pengumpulan Data

Teknik pengumpulan data sekunder dititik beratkan pada penelitian kepustakaan { L i b r a r y Research) dengan cara mengkaji:

a. Bahan hukum primer, yaitu bahan hukum yang bersifat mengikat seperti undang-undang, peraturan pemerintah dan semua ketentuan peraturan yang beriaku

b. Bahan hukum sekunder, yaitu bahan hukum seperti, hipotesa, pendapat para ahli maupun peneliti terdahulu yang sejalan dengan permasalahan dalam skripsi ini

c. Balian hukum tersier, yaitu balian hukum yang menjelaskan baliari hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder seperti kamus bahasa, ensiklopedia dan lainnya

2. Teknik Pengolahan Data

Setelah data terkumpul, maka data tersebut diolah guna mendapatkan data yang tcrbaik- Dalam pcngolahan data tcrscbut, penulis mclakukan kegiatan editing yaitu data yang diperoleh diperika dan diteliti lagi mengenai

kelengkapan, kejelasan dan kebenaramiyei, sehingga terhindar dan kekelinian dan kesalahan

3. Analisa data

Analisa data dilaktikan secara k u a l i t a t i f yang dipergunakan untuk mengkaji aspek-aspek normatif atau yuridis melalui metode yang bersifat deskriptif a n a l i t i s yang menguraikan gambaran dari data yang diperoleh da menghubungkannya satu sama lain untuk mendapatkan suat kesimpulan yang bersifat umum.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:

1. Prosedur penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dengan pelaku usaha menurut Undang-undang Nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen adalah: Dapat dilakukan melalui badan peradiian, seperti: peradiian umum, peradiian tata usaha negara dan dapat juga dilakukan diluar pengadilan melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) dan putusan majelis BPSK itu bersifat final dan mengikat

2. Akibat hukum penyelesaian sengketa konsumen adalah: Bahwa kedua belah pihak hams mematuhi putusan majelis BPSK yang dapat bempa sanksi administratif yakni penetapan ganti mgi paling banyak Rp 200.000,- (dua ratus ribu rupiah) di sanksi pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp 2.000.000.000,- (dua miliar rupiah).

K A T A P F . N ( ; A N T A R

Assalamuhilaikum VVr. W b.

A l h a i i i d u l i l l a h p e n u l i s p a n j a l k a n p u j i s y u k u i " k e i i a d i r a l A l k i l i S W T , s c r l a

s h a l a w a l d a n s a l a m k e p a d a i u n j u n g a n k i t a N a h i B e s a r M u h a m m a d S A W b e s e r t a

k e l u a r g a d a n p a r a s a h a h a l . p e n u l i s d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i i n i d e n g a n j u d u ! :

" P R O S E D U R P E N Y E L E S A I A N S E N G K E T A KONSUMEN D E N G A N

P E L A K U USAHA D A N A K I B A T HUKUMNYA M E N U R U T U N D A N G -

U N D A N G N O M O R .V TAHUN 1 9 9 9 TENTANG P E R L I N D U N G A N

K O N S U M E N "

F * e n u i i s a n s k r i p s i i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e m e n u h i s y a r a l m e n d a p a t k a n g e l a r

S a r j a n a l i u k u n i p a d a E a k n l t a s I l u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l c m b a n g .

P e n u l i s m e n y a d a r i b a h w a s k r i p s i i n i m a s i h b a n y a k k e k u r a n g a n .

k e k e l i r u a n . d a n k e k h i l a t a n s e m u a i n i t i d a k I a i n k a r e n a p e n u l t s a d a l a h s e b a g a i

m a n u s i a b i a s a y a n g t a k l u p u l d a r i k e s a l a h a n d a n b a n y a k k e l e m a h a n , a k a n t e t a p i

b e r k a t a d a n y a b a n t u a n d a n b i m b i n g a n s e r t a d o r o n g a n d a r i h e r b a g a i p i h a k ,

a k h i r n y a k c s u k a r a n d a n k e s u l i t a n t c r s c b u t d a p a t d i l a l u i o l e h k a r e n a i t u d a l a m

k e s e m p a t a n i n i p e n u l i s m e n y a m p a i k a n r a s a t e r i m a k a s i h y a n g m e n d a l a m k e p a d a :

1. B a p a k D r . H . M . l d r i s , S E . , M s i , s e l a k u R e k t o r U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h

P a l e m b a n g .

2. I b u D r . H j . S r i S u a t m i a t i . S H . , M . H u m . s e l a k u D e k a n E a k u l t a s H u k u m

U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .

v i

3 . W a k i l D c k a n L I I . I l l d a n I V i a k u l l a s I l u k u m D u i \ c r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h

P a l e m b a n g .

4 . B a p a k M u l > a i . l i l a n / i l i , S l l . . M i l . s e l a k u K e l u a B a g i a n i l u k u m I ' e r d a t a

p a d a i ' a k u l t a s I l u k u m 1 i i i i \ e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l c m b a n g .

5 . B a p a k N u r l l u s n i l a i i i l s o n . S l k . S p . N . M i l . s e l a k u P e m b i m b i n g S k r i p s i

y a n g l e l a h h a n v a k m e m h e r i k a n p e U i t i i i i k - p c t u n j u k d a n a r a h a n - a r a h a n

d a l a m p e n u i i s a n d a n p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i .

6 . B a p a k / u l l l k r i N a w a w i , S l l , M i l , s e l a k u P e m b i m b i n g A k a d e m i k p a d a

F a k u l l a s I l u k u m I J n i v e r s i l a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .

7 . B a p a k d a n I b u D o s c n s e r t a K a r y a w a n d a n K a r y a w a t i F a k u l t a s H u k u m

U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .

8 . A y a h a n d a d a n I b i i n d a . K a k a n d a d a n A d i n d a . s e r t a s e l u r u h k e l u a r g a y a n g

t e l a h b a n y a k m c n i o t i v a s i p e n u l i s u n t u k n i e r a i h g e l a r k e s a j a n a a n i n i .

S e m o g a s k r i p s i i n i d a p a t m e m h e r i k a n m a T i f a a t b a g i s e m u a p i h a k y a n g

m e m b a c a n y a . a k h i r n y a s e g a l a k r i t i k d a n s a r a n p e n u l i s t e r i m a g u n a p e r b a i k a n

d i m a s a - m a s a m e n d a t a n g .

W a s s a l a m u ' a l a i k u m W r . W b .

P a l e m b a n g . i G P e h r u a r i 2 0 1 5

P e n u l i s .

V l l

DAKI AR ISI

[ l a l a n i a n

H A L A M A N J U D U I i

P E R S E T U J U A N U N T U K U J I A N K O M P K l . l I l i N S l E i i

H A L A M A N M O i l O D A K P l i R S E M B A H N i i i

A B S T R A K i v

K A I A P E N G A N T A R v i

D A E I A R I S ! v i i i

B A B . 1. P I : N D A I I U L U A N

A . L a t a r B e l a k a n g 1

B . P e n i i a s a l a h a n 6

U . R u a a g E i n g k u p d a n T u j u a n 6

L ) . M e t o d e P e n e l i t i a n 7

E . S i s t c m a t i k a P e n u i i s a n 9

B A I T 11. r i N J A U A N P U S I A K A

A . P e n g e r t i a n K o n s u m e n d a n P e l a k u U s a h a 1 0

1. P e n g e r t i a n K o n s u m e n 1 0

2 . P e n g e r t i a n P e l a k u U s a h a 1 4

B . H a k d a n K e w a j i b a n K o n s u m e n d a n P e l a k u U s a h a 15

1 . H a k d a n K e w a j i b a n K o n s u m e n 15

2 . H a k d a n K e w a j i b a n P e l a k u U s a h a 1 8

v i i i

C . B e n t u k - b e n l u k S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n 2 0

D . } * c n y e l c s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n 2 4

1 . P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a d i P e r a d i i a n U m u m 2 4

2 . P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a d i L u a r P e n g a d i l a n 2 8

B A B . 111. P E M B A H A S A N

A . P r o s e d u r P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n D e n g a n

P e l a k u U s a h a M e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8

T a h u n 1 9 9 9 f c n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n 3 3

B . A k i b a t H u k u m P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n

M e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 T a h u n 1 9 9 9

T e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n 4 4

B A B . I V . P E N U T U P

A . K e s i m p u l a n 4 8

B . S a r a n - s a r a n 4 9

D A F T A R P U S T A K A

L A M P I R A N - L A M P I R A N

I X

It A IT I

PKNDAHLLUAN

A. Latar Bclakang

P e n i b a n g u n a n d a n p c r k e m b a n g a n p e r e k o n o m i a n u m u m n y a d a n k h u s u s n y a

d i b i d a n g p e r i n d u s t r i a n d a n p e r d a g a n g a n n a s i o n a l l e l a h m e n g h a s i l k a n b e r b a g a i

v a r i a s i b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d a p a t d i k o n s u m s i . D i s a m p i n g i t u , g l o b a l i s a s i

d a n p e r d a g a n g a n b e b a s y a n g d i d u k u n g o l e h k e m a j u a n t e k n o l o g i t e l e k o m u n i k a s i

d a n i n f o m i a t i k a t e l a h m e m p e r l u a s r u a n g g e r a k a r u s t r a n s a k s i b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a

n i e l i n t a s b a t a s - b a l a s w i i a y a l i s u a t u n e g a r a . s e h i n g g a b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g

d i t a v v a r k a n b e r v a r i a s i b a i k p r o d u k s i l u a r n e g e r i m a u p u n p r o d u k s i d a l a m n e g a r i .

K o n d i s i y a n g d e m i k i a n p a d a s a t u p i h a k m e m p u n y a i m a n f a a t b a g i

k o n s u m e n k a r e n a k e b u t u h a n k o n s u m e n a k a n b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i i n g i n k a n

d a p a t t e r p e n u h i s e r t a s e m a k i n t e r b u k a l e b a r k e b e b a s a n u n t u k m e m i l i h a n e k a j c n i s

d a n k u a l i t a s b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a s e s u a i d e n g a n k e i n g i n a n d a n k e m a m p u a n

k o n s u m e n .

D i s i s i l a i n , k o n d i s i d a n f e n o m e n a t e r s e b u t d i a t a s d a p a t m e n g a k i b a l k a n

k e d u d u k a n p e l a k u u s a h a d a n k o n s u m e n m e n j a d i t i d a k s e i m b a n g d a n k o n s u m e n

b e r a d a p a d a p o s i s i y a n g l e m a h . K o n s u m e n m e n j a d i o b j e k a k t i v i t a s b i s n i s u n t u k

m e r a u p k e u n t u n g a n y a n g s o b e s a r - b e s a m y a oleh p e l a k u u s a h a m e l a l u i k i a t

p r o m o s i , c a r a p c n j u a l a n , s e r t a p e n e r a p a n p c r j a n j i a n s t a n d a r y a n g m c r u g i k a n

k o n s u m e n .

1

2

E a k t o r u t a m a y a n g m e n j a d i k e l e m a h a n k o s i i m e n a d a l a h t i n g k a t k e s a d a r a n

k o n s u m e n a k a n h a k n y a m a s i h r c i u l a h . I l a l i n i I c r u t a m a d i s e b a h k a n o l e h

r e n d a h n y a p e n d i d i k a n k o n s u m e n . O l e h k a r e n a i t u . u n d a n g - u n d a n g p e r l i n d u n g a n

k o n s u m e n d i m a k s u d k a n m e n j a d i l a n d a s a n h u k u m y a n g k u a t b a g i p e m e r i n t a h d a n

l e m b a g a p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n s w a d a y a m a s y a r a k a t u n t u k m e l a k u k a n u p a y a

p e m b e r d a y a a n k o n s u m e n m e l a l u i p e m b i n a a n d a n p e n d i d i k a n k o n s u m e n .

U p a y a p e m b e r d a y a a n i n i p e n t i n g k a r e n a t i d a k m u d a h m e n g h a r a p k a n

k e s a d a r a n p e l a k u u s a h a y a n g p a d a d a s a m y a p r i n s i p e k o n o m i p e l a k u u s a h a a d a l a h

m e n d a p a t k a n k e u n t u n g a n y a n g s e m a k s i m a l m u n g k i n d e n g a n m o d a l s e m i n i m

m u n g k i n . P r i n s i p i n i s a n g a l p o t e n s i a l m e r u g i k a n k c p e t i n g a n k o n s u m e n . b a i k

s e c a r a l a n g s u n g m a u p u n t i d a k l a n g s u n g .

D a l a m h a l k e p e n t i n g a n k o n s u m e n d i r u g i k a n b a i k s e c a r a l a n g s u n g m a u p u n

t i d a k l a n g s u n g o l e h p e l a k u u s a h a . m a k a u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o n i o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9

t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n m e n y e d i a k a n c a r a p e n y e l c s a t a n n y a m e l a l u i

k e t e n t u a n P a s a l 4 5 y a n g b e r b u n y i s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

( 1 ) S e t i a p k o n s u m e n y a n g d i r u g i k a n d a p a t m e n g g u g a t p e l a k u u s a h a m e l a l u i l e m b a g a y a n g b e r t u g a s m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e g k c t a a n t a r a k o n s u m e n d a n p e l a k u u s a h a a t a u m e l a l u i p e r a d i i a n y a n g b e r a d a d i l i n g k u n g a n p e r a d i i a n u m u m

( 2 ) P e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n d a p a t d i t e m p u h m e l a l u i p e n g a d i l a n a t a u d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n b e r d a s a r k a n p i l i h a n s u k a r e l a p a r a p i h a k y a n g b e r s e n g k e t a

( 3 ) P e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d p a d a a y a t ( 2 ) t i d a k m e n g h i l a n g k a n t a n g g u n g j a w a b p i d a n a s c b a g a i m a n d i a t u r d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g

( 4 ) A p a b i l a t e l a h d i p i l i h u p a y a p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n g u g a t a n m e l a l u i p e n g a d i l a n h a n y a d a p a t d i t e m p u h a p a b i l a u p a y a t e r s e b u t d i n y a t a k a n t i d a k b e r h a s i l o l e h s a l a h s a t u p i h a k a t a u o i e h p a r a p i h a y a n g b e r s e n g k e t a .

3

M e l a l u i k e t e n t u a n P a s a l 4 5 a y a t ( I ) d a p a t d i k c l a h u i b a h w a u n t u k

m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n t e r d a p a t d u a p i l i h a n . y a i t u :

1 . M e l a l u i l e m b a g a y a n g b e r t u g a s m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a a n t a r a k o n s u m e n

d a n p e l a k u u s a h a . a t a u

2 . M e l a l u i p e r a d i i a n y a n g b e r a d a d i l i n g k u n g a n p e r a d i i a n u m u m . '

K a l a u k i t a p c r h a l i k a n y a n g d i m a k s u d o l e h P a s a l 4 5 a y a t ( 1 ) m e n g e n a i

" l e m b a g a y a n g b e r t u g a s m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a a n t a r a k o n s u m e n d a n p e l a k u

u s a h a " i t u t i d a k l a i n a d a l a h B a d a n P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n ( B P S K ) .

B a d a n P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n ( B P S K ) m e r u p a k a n s u a t u

l e m b a g a k h u s u s y a n g d i b e n t u k o l e h p e m e r i n t a h d i t i a p - t i a p D a e r a h T i n g k a t I I

u n t u k m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n . U r a i a n m e n g e n a i

k e l e m b a g a a n d a n k e a n g g o t a a n , t u g a s d a n w e w e n a n g , s e r t a p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a

o l e h B P S K , d a p a t d i l e m u k a n s e c a r a k h u s u s d a l a m B a b X I U U P K , y a n g d i m u l a i

d a r i P a s a l 4 9 s a m p a i P a s a l 5 8 .

M e n u r u t P a s a l 5 2 B a d a n P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n ( B P S K )

m e m p u n y a i t u g a s d a n w e w e n a n g s e b a g a i b e r i k u t -

a. m e l a k s a n a k a n p e n a n g a n a n d a n p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n , d e n g a n c a r a m e l a l u i m c d i a s i a t a u a r b i t r a s e a t a u k o a l i s i

b . m e m h e r i k a n k o n s u l t a s i p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n c. m e l a k u k a n p e n g a w a s a n t e r h a d a p p e n c a n t u m a n k l a u s u l a b a k u d . m e l a p o r k a n k e p a d a p e n y i d i k u m u m a p a b i l a t e r j a d i p e l a n g g a r a n k e t e n t u a n

d a l a m U n d a n g - u n d a n g i n i e. m e n e r i m a p c n g a d u a n , b a i k t e r t u l i s m a u p u n t i d a k t e r t u l i s d a r i k o n s u m e n

t e n t a n g t e i j a d i n y a p e l a n g g a r a n t e r h a d a p p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n f. m e l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n d a n p e m e r i k s a a n s e n g k e t a p e r l i n d u n g a k o n s u m e n g . m e m a n g g i l p e l a k u u s a h a y a n g d i d u g a t e l a h m e l a k u k a n p e l a n g g a r a n

t e r h a d a p p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n

'Ahniadi Miru & Sularman Yodo, H u k u m P e r l i n d u n g a n Konsumen. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2007, him 224

4

h . m e m a n g g i l d a n m e n g h a d i r k a n s a k s i . s a k s i a h l i . d a n / a t a u s e t i a p o r a n g y a n g d i a n g g a p m c n g e t a h u i p e l a n g g a r a n t e r h a d a p u n d a n g - u n d a n g i n i

i . m e m i n t a b a n t u a n p e n y i d i k u n t u k m e n g h a d i r k a n p e l a k u u s a h a , s a k s i . s a k s i a h l i , a t a u s e t i a p o r a n g s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d p a d a h u r u f g d a n h u r u f " h , y a n g t i d a k b e r s e d i a m e m e n u h i p a n g g i l a n b a d a n p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n .

j . M e n d a p a t k a n . m e n e i i t i . d a n / a t a u m e n i l a i s u r a t . d o k u m e n . a t a u a l a t b u k t i l a i n g u n a p e n y i d i k a n d a n / a t a u p e m e r i k s a n

k . M e m u l u s k a n d a n m e n c t a p k a n a d a a t a u l i d a k a d a n y a k e r u g i a n d i p i h a k k o n s u m e n

1. M e m b e r i t a h u k u n p u t u s a n k e p a d a p e l a k u u s a h a y a n g m e l a k u k a n p e l a n g g a r a n t e r h a d a p p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n

m . M e n j a t u h k a n s a n k s i a d m i n i s t r a t i f k e p a d a p e l a k u u s a h a y a n g m c l a n g g a r

k e t e n t u a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g i n i . ^

D a l a m m e n a n g a n i d a n m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n B P S K .

m e m b e n t u k m a j e l i s , d e n g a n j u m l a h a n g g o t a y a n g h a r u s b e r j u m i a h g a n j i l . y a i t u

t e r d i r i d a r i s c d i k i t - d i k i t n y a 3 ( t i g a ) o r a n g y a n g m e w a k i l i s e m u a u n s u r , d a n

d i b a n t u o l e h s e o r a n g p a n i t c r a . M e n u r u t k e t c n l u a n P a s a l 5 4 a y a t ( 4 ) k e t e n i u a n

t e k n i s d a r i p e l a k s a n a a n t u g a s m a j e l i s B P S K y a n g a k a n m e n a n g a n i d a n

m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e l a k o n s u m e n a k a n d i a t u r t e r s e n d i r i o l e h M e n t e r i

P e r i n d u s t r i a n d a n p e r d a g a n g a n . Y a n g j e l a s B P S K d i w a j i b k a n u n t u k

m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n y a n g d i s e r a h k a n k e p a d a n y a d a l a m j a n g k a

w a k t u 2 1 ( d u a p u l u h s a t u ) h a r i t e r h i t u n g s e j a k g u g a t a n d i t e r i m a o i e h B P S K .

D a l a m P a s a l 5 4 a y a t ( 3 ) U U P K d i k a t a k a n b a h w a p u t u s a n y a n g d i j a t u h k a n

m a j e l i s B P S K b e r s i f a t f i n a l d a n m e n g i k a t . W a l a u p u n d e m i k i a n , p a r a p ' h a k y a n g

t i d a k s e t u j u a t a s p u t u s a n t e r s e b u t d a p a t m e n g a j u k a n k e b e r a t a n k e p a d a P e n g a d i l a i i

N e g e r i u n t u k d i p u t u s . T e r h a d a p p u t u s a n P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i i n i , m e s k i p u n

d i k a t a k a n b a h w a U U P K h a n y a m e m h e r i k a n h a k k e p a d a p i h a k y a n g t i d a k m e r a s a

Gunawan Wijaya dan Ahmad Yani, H u k u m T e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n Konsumen, Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 2000, him. 76-77

5

p u a s a tas p u t u s a n t e r s e b u t u n t u k m e n g a j u k a n k a s a s i k e M a h k a m a h A g u n g . n a m u n

d e n g a n m e n g i n g a t a k a n r e l a t i v i t a s d a r i " l i d a k m e r a s a p u a s " . p e l u a n g u n t u k

m e n g a j u k a n k a s a s i s e b e n a m y a t e r b u k a b a g i s e t i a p p i h a k d a l a m p e r k a r a . S e l a i n i t u

U n d a n g - u n d a n g t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n j u g a t e l a h m e m b c r i k a n j a n g k a

w a k t u y a n g p a s t i p e n y e l e s a i a n p e r s e l i s i h a n k o n s u m e n y a n g t i m b u l , y a k n i 2 1 ( d u a

p u l u h s a t u ) h a r i u n t u k p r o s e s p a d a t i n g k a t P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i , d a n 3 0 ( l i g a p u l u h )

h a r i u n t u k d i s e l e s a i k a n o l e h M a h k a m a h A g u n g , d e n g a n " j e d a " m a s i n g - m a s i n g 1 4

( e m p a t b e l a s ) h a r i u n l u k m e n g a j u k a n k e b e r a t a n k e P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i m a u p u n

k a s a s i k e M a h k a m a h A g u n g .

U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n ( U U P K ) t i d a k m e m h e r i k a n

b a t a s a n a p a k a h y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n . K a t a - k a t a " s e n g k e t a

k o n s u m e n " d i j u m p a i p a d a b e b e r a p a b a g i a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n

K o n s u m e n , y a i t u :

1 . P e n y e b u t a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n s e b a g a i b a g i a n d a r i s e b u t a n i n s t i t u s i a d m i n i s t r a s i n e g a r a y a n g m e m p u n y a i m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a a n t a r a p e l a k u u s a h a d a n k o n s u m e n , d a l a m h a l i n i B a d a n P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n ( P a s a l 1 b u t i r 11 j o B a b X I U U P K )

2 . P e n y e b u t a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n m e n y a n g k u t t a t a c a r a a t a u p r o s e d u r p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a t e r d a p a t p a d a B a b X p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a . P a d a B a b i n i d i g u n a k a n p e n y e b u t a n s e n g k e l a k o n s u m e n s e c a r a k o n s i s l e n , y a i t u P a s a l 45 a y a t ( 2 ) d a n P a s a l 48 U U P K . ^

B e r t i t i k t o i a k d a r i u r a i a n d i a t a s , p e n u l i s m e r a s a t e r t a r i k u n t u k m e l a k u k a n

p e n e l i t i a n l e b i h m e n d a l a m y a n g h a s i l n y a a k a n d i t u a n g k a n k e d a l a m t u l i s a n y a n g

b e r b e n t u k s k r i p s i d e n g a n j u d u l : " P R O S E D U R P E N Y E L E S A I A N S E N G K E T A

K O N S U M E N D E N G A N P E L A K U U S A H A D A N A K I B A T H U K U M N Y A

•'Yusuf Shofle. Penyelesaian Sengkela Konsumen M e n u r u l U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n Konsumen, T e o r i & Praktek Penegakan H u k u m . Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2003. him. 12

6

M l i N U R U r U N I ) A N ( l - l i N ! ) A N ( i N O M O R X l A l H l N 1 9 9 9 T E N T A N G

E l i R I . I N D U N G A N K O N S l A I I N " .

\i. P c r m a s a l a h u n

Y a n g m e n j a d i p e r m a s a l a h a n a J a l a l i :

1 . B a g a i m a n a k a h p i d s c d u r p c j n e l e s a i a n s e n g k e l a k o n s u m e n d e n g a n

p e l a k u u s a h a m e n u r u l U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 l a h u n 1 9 9 9

t e n l a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n ?

2 . A p a k a h a k i b a t h u k u m n y a d a r i p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n

m e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g

P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n ?

(\ Ruang IJngkiip dan Tujuan

R u a n g i i n g k u p p e n e l i l i a n t e r u l a i n a d i t i t i k b e r a t k a n p a d a p e n e l u s i i r a n

t e r h a d a p p r o s e d u r p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e l a k o n s u m e n d e n g a n p e l a k u u s a h a d a n

a k i b a t h u k u m n y a m e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g

I * e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n , t a n p a m e n u t u p k e m u n g k i n a n m c n y i n g g u n g p u l a h a l - h a l

l a i n y a n g a d a k a i t a n n y a .

T u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n a d a l a h :

1 . U n t u k m c n g e t a h u i d a n m e n j e l a s k a n b a g a i m a n a k a h p r o s e d u r p e n y e l e s a i a n

s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n d e n g a n p e l a k u u s a h a m e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r

8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n

7

2 . U n t u k m e n g c l h u i d a n m c m a h a n i i a p a k a h a k i b a t h u k u m n y a d a r i

p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n m e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 t a h u n

1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n .

U a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i p e r g u n a k a n u n t u k m e l e n g k a p i p e n g e t a h u a n t e o r i t i s

s e l a n i a s t u d i d i F a k u l t a s I l u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g d a n

d i h a r a p k a n b e r m a n f a a t s e b a g a i t a m b a h a n i n f o r m a s i b a g i i l m u p e g e t a h u a n .

k h u s u s n y a h u k u m p e r d a t a . s e k a i i g u s m e r u p a k a n s u m b a n g a n p e m i k i r a n y a n g

d i p e r s e m b a h k a n k e p a d a a l m a m a t e r .

D. Metode Penelitian

S e l a r a s d e n g a n t u j u a n y a n g b e m i a k s u d m e n e l u s u r i p r i n s i p - p r i n s i p

t e m t a m a y a n g b e r s a n g k u t p a u t d e n g a n p r o s e d u r p e n y e l e s a i a i i s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n

d e n g a n p e l a k u u s a h a d a n a k i b a t h u k u m n y a m e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8

t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n , m a k a j e n i s p e n e l i t i a n n y a a d a l a h

p e n e l i t i a n h u k u m normal if yang b e r s i f a t i / e s A ? - / / ? / / / ( m e n g g a m b a r k a n ) d a n t i d a k

b e r m a k s u d u n t u k m e n g u j i h i p o t e s a .

1 . T e k n i k p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a

T e k n i k p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a s e k u n d e r d i t i t i b e r a t k a n p a d a p e n e l i t i a n

k e p u s t a k a a n ( l i b r a r y research) d e n g a n c a r a m e n g k a j i :

a . B a h a n h u k u m p r i m e r , y a i t u b a h a n h u k u m y a n g b e r s i f a t m e n g i k a t

s e p e r t i u n d a n g - u n d a n g p e r a t u r a n p e m e r i n t a h , d a n s e m u a k e t e n t u a n

p e r a t u r a n y a n g b e r i a k u

8

b . B a h a n h u k u m s e k u n d e r . y a i t u b a h a n h u k u m s e p e r t i , h i p o t e s a .

p e n d a p a t p a r a a h l i m a u p u n p e n e l i t i t e r d a h u l u y a n g s e j a l a n d e n g a n

p e r m a s a l a h a n d a l a m s k r i p s i i n i

c. B a h a n h u k u m t e r s i e r . y a i t u b a h a n h u k u m y a n g m e n j e l a s k a n b a h a n

h u k u m p r i m e r d a n b a h a n h u k u m s e k u n d e r s e p e r t i k a m u s b a h a s a .

e n s i k l o p e d i a . d a n l a i n n y a .

2 . T e k n i k p e n g o l a h a n d a t a

S e t e l a h d a t a t e r k u m p u l , m a k a d a t a t e r s e b u t d i o l a h g u n a m e n d a p a t k a n d a t a

y a n g t e r b a i k . D a l a m p e n g o l a h a n d a t a t e r s e b u t , p e n u l i s m e l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n

editing, y a i t u d a t a y a n g d i p e r o l e h d i p c r i k s a d a n d i t e l i t i l a g i m e n g e n a i

k e l e n g k a p a n , k e j e l a s a n d a n k e b e n a r a n n y a , s e h i n g g a t e r h i n d a r d a r i

k e k e l i r u a n d a n k e s a l a h a n

3 . A n a l i s a d a t a

A n a l i s a d a t a d i l a k u k a n s e c a r a kualitatif y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n u n t u k

m e n g k a j i a s p e k - a s p e k normatif aim yuridis m e l a l u i m e t o d e y a n g b e r s i t a t

deskriptif analitis y a n g m e n g u r a i k a n g a m b a r a n d a r i d a t a y a n g d i p e r o l e h

d a n m e n g h u b u n g k a n n y a s a t u s a m a l a i n u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n s u a t u

k e s i m p u l a n y a n g b e r s i f a t u m u m . ' '

^Bambang Sunggono, Metode P e n e l i t i a n H u k u m , Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 1997, him. 129

9

E . Sistematika Penuiisan

S e s u a i d e n g a n b u k u p e d o m a n p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i 1 n k u l t a s I l u k u m

U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g , p e n u i i s a n s k r i p s i i n i s eca ra k e s e i u r u h a n

t e r s u s u n d a l a m 4 ( e m p a t ) b a b d e n g a n s i s t e m a t i k a s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

B a b . I . P e n d a h u l u a n , b e r i s i m e n g e n a i l a t a r b e l a k a n g . p e r m a s a l a h a n . r u a n g

I i n g k u p d a n t u j u a n , m e t o d e p e n e l i t i a n , s c r t a s i s t e m a t i k a p e n u i i s a n

B a b . I I . T i n j a u a n P u s t a k a , m e m a p a r k a n l i n j a u a n p u s t a k a y a n g m e n y a j i k a n

m e n g e n a i p e n g e r t i a n k o n s u m e n d a n p e l a k u u s a h a , h a k d a n k e w a j i b a n

k o n s u m e n d a n p e l a k u u s a h a , b e n t u k - b e n t u k s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n , t u g a s

d a n k e w e n a n g a n b a d a n p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n

B a b . I I I . P e m b a h a s a n , y a n g b e r i s i k a n p a p a r a n t e n t a n g h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n s e c a r a

k h u s u s m e n g u r a i k a n d a n m e n g a n a l i s a p e r m a s a l a h a n y a n g d i t e l i t i

m e n g e n a i b a g a i m a n a k a h p r o s e d u r p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n

d e n g a n p e l a k u u s a h a m e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9

t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n , d a n j u g a m e n g e n a i a p a k a h a k i b a t

h u k u m n y a d a r i p e y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n m e n u r u t U n d a n g -

u n d a n g N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n

B a b . I V . P e n u t u p , p a d a b a g i a n p e n u t u p i n i m c r u p a k a n a k h i r p e m b a h a s a n s k r i p s i

i n i y a n g d i f o r m a t d a l a m k e s i m p u l a n d a n s a r a n - s a r a n .

BAB. II

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

A. Pengertian Konsumen dan Pelaku Usaha

1. Pengertian Konsumen

I s t i l a h k o n s u m e n b e r a s a l d a r i a l i h b a h a s a d a r i k a t a consumer ( I n g g r i s -

A m e r i k a ) , a t a u consumenlkonsumen! ( B e l a n d a ) . P e n g e r t i a n d a r i consumer a t a u

consument i t u t e r g a n t u n g d a l a m p o s i s i m a n a i a b e r a d a .

S e c a r a h a r t i a h a r t i k a t a consumer i t u a d a l a h : " ( l a w a n d a r i p r o d u s e n ) s e t i a p

o r a n g y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n b a r a n g " . T u j u a n p c n g g u n a a n b a r a n g a t a u j a s a i t u n a n t i

m c n e n t u k a n t e r m a s u k k o n s u m e n k e i o m p o k m a n a p e n g g u n a t e r s e b u t . b e g i t u p u l a

k a m u s b a h a s a I n g g r i s - I n d o n e s i a m e m b e r i a r t i k a t a consumer s e b a g a i " p e m a k a i

a t a u k o n s u m e n " .

D a l a m p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n d i I n d o n e s i a , i s t i l a h " k o n s u m e n "

s e b a g a i d e f e n i s i y u r i d i s f o r m a l d i l e m u k a n p a d a P a s a l 1 a y a t ( 2 ) U n d a n g - u n d a n g

N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n { U U P K ) , U U P K

i n e n y a t a k a n ; " K o n s u m e n a d a l a h s e t i a p o r a n g p e m a k a i b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g

t e r s e d i a d a l a m m a s y a i a k a t , b a i k b a g i k e p e n t i n g a n d i r i s e n d i r i , k e l u a r g a , o r a n g l a i n

m a u p u n m a k h l u k h i d u p l a i n d a n t i d a k u n t u k d i p e r d a g a n g k a n " .

1 0

11

U n s u r - u n s u r d e l e n i s i k o n s u m e n : " ^

a. S c t i a p o r a n g

S u b j e k y a n g d i s c b u t s e b a g a i k o n s u m e n b e r a r t i s e t i a p o r a n g y a n g b c s t a t u s

s e b a g a i p e m a k a i b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a . I s t i l a h " o r a n g " s c b e t u l n y a

m e n i m b u l k a n k e r a g u a n , a p a k a h h a n y a o r a n g i n d i v i d u a l y a n g l a z i m d i s c b u t

natuurlijk persoon a t a u t e r m a s u k j u g a b a d a n h u k u m (rechl persoon). H a l

i n i b e r b e d a d e n g a n p e m g c r l i a n y a n g d i b e r i k a n u n t u k " p e l a k u u s a h a "

d a l a m P a s a l 1 a n g k a 3 y a n g s e c a r a e k s p l i s i t m e m b e d a k a n k e d u a

p e n g e r t i a n persoon d i a t a s . T e n t u y a n g p a l i n g t c p a t t i d a k m e m b a t a s i

p e n g e r t i a n k o n s u m e n i t u s e b a t a s p a d a o r a n g p e r s e o r a n g a n . N a m u n .

k o n s u m e n h a r u s m e n c a k u p j u g a b a d a n u s a h a d e n g a n m a k n a l e b i h l u a s d a r i

p a d a b a d a n h u k u m .

b . P e m a k a i

S e s u a i d e n g a n b u n y i p e n j e l a s a n P a s a l 1 a n g k a 2 U U P K , k a t a " p e m a k a i "

m e n e k a n k a n , k o n s u m e n a d a l a h k o n s u m e n a k h i r {ultimate consumer).

I s t i l a h " p e m a k a i " d a l a m h a l i n i d a p a t d i g u n a k a n d a i a m r u m u s a n k e t e n t u a n

t e r s e b u t , s e k a i i g u s m e n u n j u k k a n , b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i p a k a i t i d a k

s e r t a m e r t a h a s i l d a r i t r a n s a k s i j u a l b e l i . A r t i n y a s e b a g a i k o n s u m e n t i d a k

s e l a l u h a r u s m e m h e r i k a n p r e s t a s i n y a d e n g a n c a r a m e m b a y a r u a n g u n t u k

m e m p e r o l e h b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a i t u . D e n g a n k a t a l a i n , d a s a r h u b u n g a n

h u k u m a n t a r a k o n s u m e n d a n p e l a k u u s a h a t i d a k p e r l u h a r u s k o n t r a k t u a l .

Celina Tri Siwi Kristiyanti, H u k u m P e r l i n d u n g a n Konsumen, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2008, him. 27

1 2

c. B a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a

U U P K n i e n g a r t i k a n h a r a n g s e b a g a i s e t i a p b e n d a , b a i k b e r w u j u d m a u p u n

t i d a k b e r w u j u d , b a i k b e r g c r a k m a u p u n t i d a k b e r g e r a k , b a i k d a p a t

d i h a b i s k a n m a u p u n t i d a k d a p a t d i h a b i s k a n . y a n g d a p a t u n t u k

d i p e r d a g a n g k a n . d i p a k a i , d i p e r g u n a k a n a t a u d i m a n f a a t k a n o l e h k o n s u m e n .

S e m e n t a r a i t u , j a s a d i a r t i k a n s e b a g a i s e t i a p l a y a n a n y a n g b e r b e n t u k

p e k e r j a a n a t a u p r e s t a s i y a n g d i s e d i a k a n b a g i m a s y a r a k a t u n t u k

d i m a n f a a t k a n o l e h k o n s u m e n . P e n g e r t i a n " d i s e d i a k a n b a g i m a s y a r a k a t "

m e n u n j u k k a n . j a s a i t u h a r u s d i t a w a r k a n k e p a d a m a s y a r a k a t .

d . Y a n g t e r s e d i a d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t

B a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i t a w a r k a n k e p a d a m a s y a r a k a t s u d a h h a r u s

t e r s e d i a d i p a s a r a n . D a l a m p e r d a g a n g a n y a n g m a k i n k o m p l e k s d e w a s a i n i ,

s y a r a t i t u l i d a k m u t l a k l a g i d i i u n t u t o l e h m a s y a r a k a t . M i s a l n y a p e m s a h a a n

p e n g e m b a n g (developer) p e r u m a h a n s u d a h b i a s a m e n g a d a k a n t r a n s a k s i

t e r l e b i h d u l u s e b e l u m b a n g u n a n n y a j a d i

e. B a g i k e p e t i n g a n d i r i s e n d i r i , k e l u a r g a , o r a n g l a i n , m a k h l u k h i d u p l a i n

T r a n s a k s i k o n s u m e n d i t u j u k a n u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n d i r i s e n d i r i , k e l u a r g a ,

o r a n g l a i n d a n m a k h l u k h i d u p l a i n . U n s u r y a n g d i l e t a k k a n d a l a m d e f e n i s i

i t u m e n c o b a u n t u k d i p e r l u a s p e n g e r t i a n k e p e n t i n g a n .

f . B a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a i t u t i d a k u n t u k d i p e r d a g a n g k a n

P e n g e r t i a n k o n s u m e n d a l a m U U P K i n i d i p e r t e g a s , y a k n i h a n y a k o n s u m e n

a k h i r . B a t a s a n i t u s u d a h b i a s a d i p a k a i d a l a m p e r a t u r a n p e r l i n d u n g a n

k o n s u m e n d i b e r b a g a i n e g a r a .

13

S e b e l u m U U P K y a n g d i b e r l a k u k a n p e m e r i n t a h m u l a i l a n g g a l 2 0 A p r i l

2 0 0 0 . p r a k t i s h a n y a s e d i k i t p e n g e r t i a n n o r m a t i f y a n g t e g a s t c n l a n g k o n s u m e n

d a l a m h u k u m p o s i t i f d i I n d o n e s i a . D a l a m G a r i s - g a r i s B e s a r I l a l u a n n N e g a r a

( K e t e t a p a n M P R N o I I / M P R 1 9 9 3 ) d i s e b u t k a n k a t a k o n s u m e n d a l a m r a n g k a

m e m b i c a r a k a n t e n l a n g s a s a r a n b i d a n g p e r d a g a n g a n . S a m a s e k a l i t i d a k a d a

p e n j e l a s a n l e b i h l a n j u t t e n t a n g p e n g e r t i a n i s t i l a h i n i d a l a m k e t e t a p a n t e r s e b u t .

D i a n t a r a k e t e n t u a n n o r m a t i f i t u d i l e t a p k a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 5 t a h u n

1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g L a r a n g a n P r a k t e k M o n o p o l i d a n P e r s a i n g a n U s a h a T i d a k S e h a t

( d i l a k u k a n 5 M a r e t 2 0 0 0 , s a t u t a h u n s e t e l a h d i u n d a n g k a n ) . U n d a n g - u n d a n g i n i

m e m u a t s u a t u d e f e n i s i t e n t a n g k o n s u m e n , y a i t u s e t i a p p e m a k a i d a n p e n g g u n a

b a i a n g d a n a t a u j a s a , b a i k u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n s e n d i r i m a u p u n u n t u k e p e n t i n g a n

o r a n g l a i n . B a t a s a n i t u m i r i p d a n g a r i s b e s a r m a k n a n y a d i a m b i l a l i h o l e h U U P K .

I s t i l a h l a i n y a n g a g a k d e k a t d e n g a n k o n s u m e n a d a l a h " p e m b e l i " , i s t i l a h i n i

d a p a t d i j u m p a i d a l a m K i t a b U n d a n g - u n d a n g I l u k u m P e r d a t a ( K U H P c r d a t a ) .

P e n g e r t i a n k o n s u m e n j e l a s l e b i h l u a s d a r i p a d a p e m b e l i . L u a s n y a p e n g e r t i a n

k o n s u m e n d i l u k i s k a n s e c a r a s e d e r h a n a o l e h m a n t a n P r e s i d e n A m e r i k a S e r i k a t ,

y a n g d i k u t i f M a r i a m D a r u s B a d r u l z a m a n , J o h n F K e n n e d y d e n g a n m e n g a t a k a n

"consumers by definition include us alU.^

A n d e r s o n d a n K u m p t y a n g d i k u t i f S h i d a r t a , m e n g g a m b a r k a n k e s u l i t a n

m e r u m u s k a n d e f e n i s i k o n s u m e n s e p e r t i b e r i k u t i n i

B e b e r a p a k e s u l i t a n y a n g d i j u m p a i j i k a s e s e o r a n g m e n d e k a t i p a d a b a t a s s i l u a s i s p e k t r u m y a n g l u a s d a r i . s e o r a n g p e m a k a i . C o n t o h n y a : . s e seo rang t i d a k s e l a l u b e r p i k i r b a h w a s e o r a n g p e m i n j a m a t a u s e o r a n g p e n e m u s e b a g a i

'Mariam Darus Badrulzaman, P e r l i n d u n g a n Konsumen D i l i h a t D a r i Sudut P e r j a n j i a n B a k u ( S t a n d a r t ) , Bina Cipta, Bandung, 1986, him. 57

1 4

s e o r a n g p e m a k a i . P e j a l a n k a k i y a n g k a u g i l a s k e t i k a m o b i l m u k e l u a r k o n t r o l t i d a k b i a s a n y a d i p a n d a n g s e b a g a i s e o r a n g p e m a k a i . I n i d a l a m k e s e i u r u h a n s i t u a s i , b a g a i m a n a p u n p c n y e b u t b i a s a d a r i p e r l i n d u n g a n s e s e o r a n g d a r i s u a t u b a h a y a y a n g d i a l i d a k d a p a t m c i i n d u n g i d i r i n y a s e n d i r i . ^

P a k a r m a s a l a h k o n s u m e n d i B e l a n d a . H o n d i u s m e n y i m p i i l k a n , p a r a a h l i

h u k u m p a d a u m u m n y a s e p a k a t m e n g a r t i k a n k o n s u m e n s e b a g a i p e m a k a i p r o d u k s i

t e r a k h i r d a r i b e n d a d a n j a s a . D e n g a n r u m u s a n i t u , H o n d i u s i n g i n m e m b e d a k a n

a n t a r a k o n s u m e n b u k a n p e m a k a i t e r a k h i r ( k o n s u m e n a n t a r a ) d a n k o n s u m e n

p e m a k a i t e r a k h i r .

D i P r a n c i s , b e r d a s a r k a n d o k t r i n d a n y i i r i s p r u d e n s i y a n g b e r k e m b a n g ,

k o n s u m e n d i a r t i k a n s e b a g a i " s e s e o r a n g y a n g m e m p e r o l e h b a r a n g - b a r a n g a t a u

p e l a y a n a n u n t u k a t a u t u j u a n k e l u a r g a .

D a r i d e f e n i s i i i u t e r k a n d i i n g d u a u n s u r , y a i t u ( 1 ) k o n s u m e n h a n y a o r a n g ,

d a n ( 2 ) b a r a n g a t a u j a s a y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n l u k k e p e r l u a n p r i b a d i a t a u

k e l u a r g a n y a , s e k a l i p u n d e m i k i a n m a k n a k a t a " m e m p e r o l e h " m a s i h k a b u r , a p a k a h

m a k n a n y a h a n y a m e l a l u i h u b u n g a n j u a l b e l i a t a u l e b i h l u a s d a r i i t u .

2. P e n g e r t i a n P e l a k u U s a h a

D a l a m P a s a l 1 b u t i r 3 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9

P e l a k u u s a h a a d a l a h s e t i a p o r a n g p e r o r a n g a n a t a u b a d a n u s a h a , b a i k y a n g b e r b e n t u k b a d a n h u k u m m a u p u n b u k a n b a d a n h u k u m y a n g d i d i r i k a n d a n b e r k e d u d u k a n a t a u m e l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n d a l a m w i l a y a h h u k u m R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a , b a i k s e n d i r i m a u p u n b e r s a m a - s a m a m e l a l u i p e r j a n j i a n m e n y e l e n g g a r a k a n k e g i a t a n u s a h a d a l a m b e r b a g a i b i d a n g e k o n o m i .

'Shidarta, H u k u m P e r l i n d u n g a n Konsumen I n d o n e s i a , Grasindo, Jakarta, 2000, him. 37 Mbid, h i m . 89

15

D a l a m p e n j e l a s a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g y a n g t e r m a s u k d a l a m p e l a k u u s a h a

a d a l a h p c r u s a h a a n , k o r p o r a s i , B U M N , k o p e r a s i , i m p o r t e r , p e d a g a n g , d i s t r i b u t o r

d a n I a i n - I a i n . ' '

D a r i k e t e n t u a n y a n g t e r m u a t d i a t a s , n y a t a l a h b a h w a b a t a s a n p a r a p i h a k

y a n g b e r k e c i m p u n g d i d a l a m m a s a l a h p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n . k o n s u m e n d a n

p e l a k u u s a h a , m e n g i k u t i b a t a s a n - b a t a s a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n o l e h p a r a a l i l i y a n g

d i s a m p a i k a n d a l a m b e r b a g a i s e m i n a r t e r s e b u t d i a t a s , k e c u a l i t e n t a n g " m a k l u k

l a i n " d a r i i s t i l a h k o n s u m e n . Y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n m a k h l u k l a i n i t u a n t a r a l a i n

h e w a n a t a u m a k h l u k h i d u p l a i n n y a y a n g d i k o n s u m s i a t a u b e r a d a d i s e k i t a r

k o n s u m e n , l a d a p a t b e r b e n t u k h e w a n t e m a k , p e l i h a r a a n s e p e r t i a y a m , s a p i ,

k a m b i n g , a n j i n g k u c i n g d a n s e b a g a i n y a .

B. Hak dan Kewajiban Konsumen dan Pelaku Usaha

1. Hak dan Kewajiban Konsumen

a, H a k - h a k Konsumen

I s t i l a h " p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n " b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n p e r l i n d u n g a n h u k u m .

O l e h k a r e n a i t u , p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n m e n g a n d u n g a s p e k h u k u m . A d a p u n

m a t e r i y a n g m e n d a p a t k a n p e r l i n d u n g a n i t u b u k a n s e k e d a r fisik, m c l a i n k a n

t e r l e b i h - l e b i h h a k - h a k n y a y a n g b e r s i f a t a b s l r a k . D e n g a n k a t a l a i n , p e r l i n d u n g a n

k o n s u m e n s e s u n g g u h n y a i d e n t i k d e n g a n p e r l i n d u n g a n y a n g d i b e r i k a n h u k u m

t e n t a n g h a k - h a k k o n s u m e n .

' A Z . Nasution, H u k u m P e r l i n d u n g a n Konsumen, Tarawang Press, Yogyakarta, 2 0 0 1 , him. 1 7

1 6

S e c a r a u m u m d i k e n a l 4 ( e m p a t ) h a k d a s a r k o n s u m e n , y a i t u : " *

1 . l l a k u n l u k m e n d a p a t k a n k c a m a n a n (ihe right lo safety)

2. H a k u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n i n f o r m a s i (the right lo be informed)

3 . H a k u n t u k m e m i l i h (ihe right lo choose)

4 . H a k u n l u k d i d e n g a r (ihe right lo be heard).

E m p a t h a k d a s a r i n i d i a k u i s e c a r a i n t e m a s i o n a l . D a l a m p e r k e m b a n g a n n y a ,

o r g a n i s a s i - o r g a n i s a s i k o n s u m e n y a n g t e r g a b u n g d a l a m The International

Organization of Consumer Union ( l O C U ) m e n a m b a h k a n l a g i b e b e r a p a h a k ,

s e p e r t i h a k m e n d a p a t k a n p e n d i d i k a n k o n s u m e n , h a k m e n d a p a t k a n g a n t i k e r u g i a n ,

d a n h a k m e n d a p a t k a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p y a n g b a i k d a n s e h a t .

N a m u n t i d a k s e m u a o r g a n i s a s i k o n s u m e n m e n e r i m a p e n a m b a h a n h a k - h a k

t e r s e b u t . M e r e k a b e b a s u n t u k m e n e r i m a s e m u a a t a u s e b a g i a n . Y L K I , m i s a l n y a

m e m u l u s k a n u n t u k m e n a m b a h k a n s a t u h a k l a g i s e b a g a i p e l e n g k a p e m p a t h a k

d a s a r k o n s u m e n , y a i t u h a k m e n d a p a t k a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p y a n g b a i k d a n s e h a t

s e h i n g g a k e s e l u r u h a n n y a d i k e n a l s e b a g a i p a n c a h a k k o n s u m e n .

H a k k o n s u m e n s e b a g a i m a n a t e r t u a n g d a l a m P a s a l 4 U n d a n g - u n d a n g

N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

a. H a k a t a s k e n y a m a n a n d a n k e s e l a m a t a n d a l a m m e n g k o n s u m s i b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a

b . H a k u n t u k m e m i l i h b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a s e r t a m e n d a p a t k a n b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a t e r s e b u t s e s u a i d e n g a n n i l a i t u g a s d a n k o n d i s i s e r t a j a m i n a n y a n g d i j a n j i k a n

c. H a k a tas i n f o r m a s i y a n g b e n a r , j e l a s d a n j u j u r m e n g e n a i k o n d i s i d a n j a m i n a n b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a

d . H a k u n t u k d i d e n g a r p e n d a p a t d a n k e l u h a n n y a a t a s b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i g u n a k a n

Shidarta, O p . C i l , him. 16-27

1 7

c. H a k u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n a d v o k a s i p e r l i n d u n g a n d a n u p a y a p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e l a p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n s e c a r a p a t u t

r. H a k u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n p e m b i n a a n d a n p e n d i d i k a n k o n s u m e n g. H a k u n t u k d i p c r l a k u k a n a t a u d i l a y a n i s e c a r a b e n a r d a n j u j u r s e r t a t i d a k

d i s k r i m i n a t i t " h . H a k u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n k o m p e n s a s i g a n t i r u g i d a n / a t a u p e n g g a n l i a n .

a p a b i l a b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i t e r i m a t i d a k s e s u a i d e n g a n p e r j a n j i a n a t a u t i d a k s e b a g a i m a n a m e s t i n y a

i . 1 l a k - h a k y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m k e t e n t u a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n l a i n n y a .

D i s a m p i n g h a k - h a k d a l a m P a s a l 4 , j u g a t e r d a p a t j a k - h a k k o n . s u m e n y a n g

d i r u m u s k a n d a l a m p a s a l - p a s a l b e r i k u t n y a , k h u s u s n y a d a l a m P a s a l 7 y a n g

m e n g a t u r t e n t a n g k e w a j i b a n p e l a k u u s a h a . K e w a j i b a n d a n h a k m c r u p a k a n

a n t i n o m i d a l a m h u k u m , s e h i n g g a k e w a j i b a n p e l a k u u s a h a d a p a t d i l i h a t s e b a g a i

h a k k o n s u m e n .

b. K e w a j i b a n Konsumen

A d a p u n m e n g e n a i k e w a j i b a n k o n s u m e n d i j e l a s k a n d a l a m P a s a l 5 U n d a n g -

u n d a n g N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n a d a l a h s e b a g a i

b e r i k u t :

a. M e m b a c a a t a u m e n g i k u t i p e t u n j u k i n f o r m a s i d a n p r o s e d u r p e m a k a i a n a t a u

p e m a n f a a t a n b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a , d e m i k e a m a n a n d a n k e s e l a m a t a n

b . B c r i t i k a d b a i k d a l a m m e l a k u k a n t r a n s a k s i p e m b e l i a n b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a

c. M e m b a y a r s e s u a i d e n g a n n i l a i t u k a r y a n g d i s e p a k a t i

d . M e n g i k u t i u p a y a p e n y e l e s a i a n h u k u m s e n g k e t a p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n

s e c a r a p a t u t .

18

2. Hak dan Kewajiban Pelaku Usaha

0. Hak P e l a k u Usaha

D a l a m P a s a l 6 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n

K o n s u m e n , p r o d u s e n d i s e b u t s e b a g a i p e l a k u u s a h a y a n g m e m p u n y a i h a k s e b a g a i

b e r i k u t :

a. H a k u n t u k m e n e r i m a p e m b a y a r a n y a n g s e s u a i d e n g a n k e s e p a k a t a n m e n g e n a i k o n d i s i d a n n i l a i t u k a r b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i p e r d a g a n g k a n

b . H a k u n t u k m e n d a p a t p e r l i n d u n g a n h u k u m d a r i t i n d a k a n k o n s u m e n y a n g b e r i t i k a d t i d a k b a i k

c. H a k u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e m b e l a a n d i r i s e p a t u l n y a d i d a l a m p e n y e l e s a i a n h u k u m s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n

d . H a k u n t u k r e h a b i l i t a s i n a m a b a i k a p a b i l a t e r b u k t i s e c a r a h u k u m b a h w a i t u k e r u g i a n k o n s u m e n t i d a k d i a k i b a t k a n o l e h b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i p e r d a g a n g k a n

e. H a k - h a k y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m k e t e n t u a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n .

H a k p e l a k u u s a h a u n t u k m e n e r i m a p e m b a y a r a n s e s u a i k o n d i s i d a n n i l a i

t u k a r b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i p e r d a g a n g k a n , m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a p e l a k u

u s a h a t i d a k d a p a t m e n u n t u t l e b i h b a n y a k j i k a k o n d i s i b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g

d i b e r i k a n n y a k e p a d a k o n s u m e n t i d a k a t a u k u r a n g m e m a d a i m e n u r u t h a r g a y a n g

b e r i a k u p a d a u m u m n y a a t a s b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g s a m a . " D a l a m p r a k t e k

y a n g b i a s a t e r j a d i , s u a t u b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g k u a l i t a s n y a l e b i h r e n d a h d a r i

p a d a b a r a n g y a n g s e r u p a , m a k a p a r a p i h a k m e n y e p a k a t i h a r g a y a n g l e b i h m u r a h .

D e n g a n d e m i k i a n y a n g d i p e n t i n g k a n d a l a m h a l i n i a d a l a h h a r g a y a n g w a j a r " . "

M e n y a n g k u t h a k p e l a k u u s a h a y a n g t e r s e b u t p a d a h u r u f b , c, d a n d ,

s e s u n g g u h n y a m e r u p a k a n h a k - h a k y a n g l e b i h b a n y a k b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n p i h a k

a p a r a t p e m e r i n t a h d a n / a t a u B a d a n P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n / p e n g a d i l a n

"Ahmadi Miru & Sutarman Yodo, O p . C i l , him. 50

1 9

d a l a m t u g a s n y a m e l a k u k a n p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a . M e l a l u i h a k - h a k t e r s e b u t

d i h a r a p k a n p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n s e c a r a b e r l e h i h a n h i n g g a m c n g a b a i k a n

k e p e n t i n g a n p e l a k u u s a h a d a p a t d i h i n d a r i . S a t u - s a t u n y a y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n

k e w a j i b a n k o n s u m e n a tas h a k - h a k p e l a k u u s a h a y a n g d i s e b u t k a n p a d a h u r u f b . c ,

d a n d t e r s e b u t a d a l a h k e w a j i b a n k o n s u m e n m e n g i k u t i u p a y a p e n y e l e s a i a n

s e n g k e t a s e b a g a i m a n a d i u r a i k a n s e b e l u m n y a .

T e r a k h i r t e n t a n g h a k - h a k y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m k e t e n t u a n p e r a t u r a n

p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n l a i n n y a , s e p e r t i h a k - h a k y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m U n d a n g - u n d a n g

P e r b a n k a n , U n d a n g - u n d a n g L a r a n g a n P r a k t e k M o n o p o l i d a P e r s a i n g a n U s a h a

T i d a k S e h a t , U n d a n g - u n d a n g P a n g a n . d a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g l a i n n y a . B e r k e n a a n

d e n g a n b e r b a g a i u n d a n g - u n d a n g t e r s e b u t , m a k a h a r u s d i i n g a l b a h w a U n d a n g -

u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n a d a l a h p a y u n g b a g i s e m u a a t u r a n l a i n n y a

b e r k e n a a n d e n g a n p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n .

b. K e w a j i b a n P e l a k u Usaha

K e w a j i b a n p e l a k u u s a h a d a p a t d i l i h a t d i d a l a m P a s a l 7 U n d a n g - u n d a n g

N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

a. B e r i t i k a t b a i k d a l a m m c l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n u s a h a n y a b. M e m b c r i k a n i n f o r m a s i y a n g b e n a r , j e l a s , d a n j u j u r m e n g e n a i k o n d i s i d a n

j a m i n a n b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a s e r t a m e m b e r i p e n j e l a s a n p e n g u n a a n , p e r b a i k a n d a n p e m e l i h a r a a n

c. M e m p e r l a k u k a n a t a u m e l a y a n i k o n s u m e n s e c a r a b e n a r d a n j u j u r s e r t a t i d a k d i s k r i m i n a t i f

d . M e n j a m i n m u t u b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i p r o d u k s i d a n / a t a u d i p e r d a g a n g k a n b e r d a s a r k a n k e t e n t u a n s t a n d a r m u t u b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g b e r i a k u

c. M e m h e r i k a n k e s e m p a t a n k e p a d a k o n s u m e n u n t u k m e n g u j i d a n / a t a u m e n c o b a b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a " t e r t e n t u s e r t a m e m h e r i k a n j a m i n a n d a n / a t a u g a r a n s i a t a s b a r a n g y a n g d i b u a t d a n / a t a u y a n g d i p e r d a g a n g k a n

f. M e m b e r i k o n p e n s a s i g a n t i r u g i d a n / a t a u p e n g g a n t i a p a b i l a b a r a n g d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i t e r i m a a t a u d i m a n f a a t k a n t i d a k s e s u a i d e n g a n p e r j a n j i a n .

20

K e w a j i b a n p e l a k u u s a h a b e r i i i k a d b a i k d a l a m m c l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n u s a h a

m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u a s a s y a n g d i k e n a l d a l a m h u k u m p e r j a n j i a n . K e t e n t u a n

t e n t a n g i t i k a d b a i k i n i d i a t u r d a l a m F a a l 1 3 3 8 a y a t ( 3 ) B W , b a h w a p e r j a n j i a n

h a r u s d i l a k s a n a k a n d e n g a n i t i k a d b a i k . S e d a n g k a n A r r e s t M R d i N e g e r i B e l a n d a

m e m h e r i k a n p e r a n a n t e r t i n g g i t e r h a d a p i t i k a d b a i k d a l a m t a h a p p r a p e r j a n j i a n .

b a h k a n k e s e s a t a n d i l e m p a t k a n d i b a w a h asas i t k a d b a i k , b u k a n l a g i p a d a t e o r i

k e h e n d a k . B e g i t u p e n t i n g n y a i t i k a d b a i k t e r s e b u t , s e h i n g g a d a l a m p e r u n d i n g a n -

p e r u n d i n g a n a t a u p e r j a n j i a n a n t a r a p a r a p i h a k . k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k a k a n b e r h a d a p a n

d a l a m s u a t u h u b u n g a n h u k u m k h u s u s y a n g d i k u a s a i o l e h i l i k a d b a i k d a n

h u b u n g a n k h u s u s i n i m e m b a w a a k i b a t l e b i h l a n j u t b a h w a k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k i t u

h a r u s b e r t i n d a k d e n g a n m e n g i n g a t k e p e n t i n g a n - k e p e n t i n g a n y a n g w a j a r d a r i

p i h a k l a i n . B a g i m a s i n g - m a s i n g c a l o n p i h a k d a l a m p e r j a n j i a n t e r d a p a t s u a t u

k e w a j i b a n u n t u k m e n g a d a k a n p e n y e l i d i k a n d a l a m b a t a s - b a t a s y a n g w a j a r

t e r h a d a p p i h a k l a w a n s e b e l u m m e n a n d a t a n g a n i k o n t r a k , a t a u m a s i n g - m a s i n g

p i h a k h a r u s m e n a r u h p e r h a t i a n y a n g c u k u p d a l a m m e n u t u p k o n t r a k y a n g

b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n i t i k a d b a i k .

C. Bentuk-bentuk Sengketa Konsumen

U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n ( U U P K ) t i d a k m e m b c r i k a n

b a t a s a n a p a k a h y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n . K a t a - k a t a " s e n g k e t a

k o n s u m e n " d i j u m p a i p a d a b e b e r a p a b a g i a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n

K o n s u m e n ( U U P K ) , y a i t u :

1 . P e n y e b u t a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n s e b a g a i b a g i a n d a r i s e b u t a n i n s t i t u s i a d m i n i s t r a s i n e g a r a y a n g m e m p u n y a i m e n y e l c s a i a k a n s e n g k e t a a n t a r a

22

p e l i h a r a a n s e p e r t i i k a n , a y a m , k u c i n g . a n j i n g , b u r u n g d a n s e b a g a i n y a . N a m u n

t c r n y a t a b a t a s a n k o n s u m e n m e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n i n i

t i d a k d i p e r l u a s i n d i v i d u p i h a k k e t i g a y a n g d i r u g i k a n a t a u m e n j a d i k o r b a n a k i b a t

p e n g g u n a a n a t a u p e m a n f a a t a n s u a t u p r o d u k b a r a n g a t a u j a s a t a n p a

m e m p c r h a t i k a n b e s a r - k e c i l n y a m o d a l l i q u i d d a n n o n l i q u i d y a n g d i t a n a m k a n s c r t a

i n s t r u m e n t - i n s t u m e n i n v e s t a s i y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n b u k a n k o n s u m e n , k a r e n a m o t i f

u n t u k d a p a t d i p e r s a m a k a n d e n g a n i t u t i d a k d a p a t l a h t e r m a s u k k a t e g o r i b a r a n g

d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i m a k s u d k a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n .

Y a n g s a n g a t a s a s i , U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n t i d a k

m e n g a k u i b a d a n h u k u m s e p e r t i : Y a y a s a n d a n P e r s e r o a n T e r b a t a s ( P T ) s e b a g a i

k o n s u m e n . J i k a s a j a b a d a n h u k u m d i a k u i s e b a g a i k o n s u m e n m e n u r u t U n d a n g -

u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n , m a k a e s e n s i p e r l i n d u n g a n h u k u m y a n g

d i b e r i k a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n m e n j a d i k a b u r .

Kedua. b a t a s a n B a d a n P e n y e l s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n ( B P S K ) p a d a

P a s a l 1 b u t i r 11 U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n ( U U P K ) m e n u n j u k k a n

b a h w a y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n " s e n g k e l a k o n s u m e n " , y a i t u ; . s e n g k e t a a n t a r a

p e l a k u u s a h a d a n k o n s u m e n . I ' e l a k u u s a h a d i s i t u , y a i t u :

1 . S e t i a p o r a n g a t a u i n d i v i d u

2 . B a d a n u s a h a y a n g b c r b a d a n h u k u m a t a u t i d a k b c r b a d a n h u k u m .

S e l e n g k a p n y a p a s a l t e r s e b u t b e r b u n y i : " B a d a n P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a

K o n s u m e n a d a l a h b a d a n y a n g b e r t u g a s m e n a n g a n i d a n m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a

a n t a r a p e l a k u u s a h a d a n k o n s u m e n " .

2 2

p e l i h a r a a n s e p e r t i i k a n . a ) n n i . k u c i n g . a n j i n g . b u r u n g d a n s e b a g a i n y a . N a m u n

t c r n y a t a b a t a s a n k o n s u m e n i n e n u i u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g I ' e l i n d i i n g a n K o n s u m e n i n i

t i d a k d i p e r l u a s i n d i v i d u p i h a k k e t i g a y a n g d i r u g i k a n a t a u m e n j a d i k o r b a n a k i b a l

p e n g g u n a a n a t a u p e m a n f a a t a n s u a t u p r o d u k b a r a n g a t a u j a s a t a n p a

m e m p c r h a t i k a n b c s a r - k e c i l n > a m o d a l l i q u i d d a n n o n l i q u i d y a n g d i t a n a m k a n s e r t a

i n s t r u m e n t - i n s t u m e n i n v e s t a s i y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n b u k a n k o n s u m e n , k a r e n a m o t i f

u n t u k d a p a t d i p e r s a m a k a n d e n g a n i l u t i d a k d a p a t l a h t e r m a s u k k a t e g o r i b a r a n g

d a n / a t a u j a s a y a n g d i m a k s u d k a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n .

Y a n g s a n g a t a s a s i , U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n t i d a k

m e n g a k u i b a d a n h u k u m s e p e r t i : Y a y a s a n d a n P e r s e r o a n T e r b a t a s ( P T ) s e b a g a i

k o n s u m e n . J i k a s a j a b a d a n h u k u m d i a k u i s e b a g a i k o n s u m e n m e n u r u t U n d a n g -

u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n , m a k a e s e n s i p e r l i n d u n g a n h u k u m y a n g

d i b e r i k a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n m e n j a d i k a b u r .

Kedua. b a t a s a n B a d a n P e n y e l s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n ( B P S K ) p a d a

P a s a l 1 b u t i r 1 1 U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n ( U U P K ) m e n u n j u k k a n

b a h w a y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n " s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n " , y a i t u : s e n g k e t a a n t a r a

p e l a k u u s a h a d a n k o n s u m e n . P e l a k u u s a h a d i s i t u , y a i t u :

1 . S e t i a p o r a n g a t a u i n d i v i d u

2 . B a d a n u s a h a y a n g b c r b a d a n h u k u m a t a u t i d a k b e r b a d a n h u k u m .

S e l e n g k a p n y a p a s a l t e r s e b u t b e r b u n y i : " B a d a n P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a

K o n s u m e n a d a l a h b a d a n y a n g b e r t u g a s m e n a n g a n i d a n m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a

a n t a r a p e l a k u u s a h a d a n k o n s u m e n " .

2 3

J a d i , s e n g k e l a s e s a m a p e l a k u u s a h a b u k a n l a h s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n .

k a r e n a n y a k e t e n t u a n - k e l e n t u a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n ( U U I * K )

t i d a k d a p a t l a h d i g u n a k a n p e l a k u u s a h a .

B e n t u k - b e n t u k s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n d e n g a n p e l a k u u s a h a a n t a r a l a i n : ' ^

1 . B e r s i f a t t e r t u l i s , h a l i n i d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k m e m u d a h k a n p e m b u k t i a n ,

p e n g e r t i a n t e r t u l i s d i s i n i , b u k a n l a h d a l a m a r t i b e n t u k f o r m a l n y a ,

m e i a i n k a n c u k u p t e r t u l i s a s a l s a j a

a . j e l a s s i a p a y a n g m e n g e l u a r k a n n y a

b . j e l a s i s i d a n m a k s u d t u l i s a n t e r s e b u t y a n g m e n i m b u l k a n h a k d a n

k e w a j i b a n

c. j e l a s k e p a d a s i a p a t u l i s a n i t u d i t u j u k a n

2 . B e r s i f a t k o n k r i t a r t i n y a o b j e k b e r w u j u d t e r t e n t u a t a u d a p a t d i t e n t u k a n

3 . B e r s i f a t i n d i v i d u a l , a i t i n y a t i d a k d i t u j u k a n u n t u k u m u m , t e t a p i d i t u j u k a n

u n t u k o r a n g - o r a n g a t a u b a d a n h u k u m p e r d a t a t e r t e n t u , j a d i t i d a k b e r u p a

s u a t u p e r a t u r a n u m u m

4 . B e r i f a t f o r m a l a r t i n y a s u d a h d e f e n i t i f d a n k a r e n a n y a d a p a t m e n i m b u l k a n

a k i b a t h u k u m a t a s k e t e t a p a n s a j a t i d a k m e m b u t u h k a n l a g i p e r s e t u j u a n d a r i

i n s t a n s i a t a s a n n y a .

"Rozali Abdullah, H u k u m A c a r a P e r a d i i a n T a t a U s a h a N e g a r a . Raja Grafindo Pustaka. Jakarta, 1991, him. 23

24

D. Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen

1. Penyelesaian Sengketa di Peradiian Umum

A k t i v i t a s e k o n o m i d i r a s a k a n h i d u p b i l a t e r c i p t a s u a s a n a y a n g m e n d u k u n g

k e l a n c a r a n a r u s p r o d u k s i b a r a n g d a n j a s a d a r i p r o d u s e n k e k o n s u m e n . G l o b a l i s a s i

e k o n o m i d i t a n d a i d e n g a n p e r d a g a n g a n b e b a s b e l u m b a n y a k m e m b c r i k a n

p e r b a i k a n e k o n o m i I n d o n e s i a . A n g g a p a n b a h w a p e r d a g a n g a n b e b a s

m e n g u n l u n g k a n k o n s u m e n d a l a m b e n t u k m u t u d a n h a r g a b a r a n g , b a r a n g k a l i

m a s i h m e r u p a k a n m i t o s y a n g d i c i p t a k a n u n t u k m e m p e r t a h a n k a n d o m i n a s i

p e r u s a h a a n / p r o d u s e n a t a s k o n s u m e n d a l a m s i s t e m i n i .

S e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n d i s i n i d i b a t a s i p a d a s e n g k e t a p e r d a t a . M a s u k n y a

s u a t u s e n g k e t a / p e r k a r a k e d e p a n p e n g a d i l a n b u k a n l a h k a r e n a k e g i a t a n s a n g

h a k i m , m e i a i n k a n k a r e n a i n i s i a t i f d a r i p i h a k y a n g b e r s e n g k e t a d a l a m h a l i n i

p e n g g u g a t b a i k i t u p r o d u s e n a t a u k o n s u m e n . P e n g a d i l a n y a n g m e m b c r i k a n

p e m e c a h a n a t a s h u k u m p e r d a t a y a n g t i d a k d a p a t b e k e r j a d i a n t a r a p a r a p i h a k

s e c a r a s u k a r e l a . D a l a m h u b u n g a n i n i S a t j i p t o R a h a r j o m e n g a t a k a n : " P e m b i c a r a a n

m e n g e n a i b e k e i j a n y a h u k u m d a l a m h u b u n g a n d e n g a n p r o s e s p e r a d i i a n s e c a r a

k o n v e n s i o n a l m e i i b a l k a n p e m b i c a r a a n t e n t a n g k c k u a s a a n k e h a k i m a n , p r o s e d u r

b e i p e r k a r a d a n s e b a g a i n y a " . ' ^

I s t i l a h " p r o s e d u r b e r p c r k a r a " d i d a h u l u i d e n g a n p e n d a f t a r a n s u r a l g u g a t a n

d i k e p a n i t e r a a n p e r k a r a p e r d a t a d i p e n g a d i l a n n e g e r i . S e b e l u m n y a , i t u b e r a r t i s u r a t

g u g a t a n h a r u s s u d a h d i p e r s i a p k a n t e r l e b i h d a h u i u s e c a r a t e l i t i d a n c e r m a t . P a s a l

4 5 a y a t ( 1 ) U U P K m e n y a t a k a n :

'^Satjipto Raharjo. H u k u m D u n M a s y a r a k a t , Angkasa, bandung, 1986, him. 70

25

( 1 ) S e t i a p k o n s u m e n y a n g d i r u g i k a n d a p a t m e n g g u g a t p e l a k u u s a h a m e l a l u i l e m b a g a y a n g b e r t u g a s m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a a n t a r a k o n s u m e n d a n p e l a k u u s a h a a t a u m e l a l u i p e r a d i i a n y a n g b e r a d a d i l i n g k u n g a n p c r a d i l a n u m u m

( 2 ) P e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n d a p a t d i t e m p u h m e l a l u i p e n g a d i l a n a t a u d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n b e r d a s a r k a n p i l i h a n s u k a r e l a p a r a p i h a k y a n g b c r s e n g k t a

( 3 ) P e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d p a d a a y a t ( 2 ) t i d a k m e n g h i l a n g k a n t a n g g u n g j a w a b p i d a n a s e b a g a i m a n a d i a t u r d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g

( 4 ) A p a b i l a t e l a h d i p i l i h u p a y a p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e l a k o n s u m e n d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n , g u g a t a n m e l a l u i p e n g a d i l a n h a n y a d a p a t d i t e m p u h a p a b i l a u p a y a t e r s e b u t d i n y a t a k a n t i d a k b e r h a s i l o l e h s a l a h s a t u p i h a k a t a u o l e h p i h a k y a n g b e r s e n g k e t a .

D a r i p e m y a t a a n P a s a l 4 5 a y a t ( 3 ) j e l a s s e h a r u s n y a b u k a n h a n y a t a n g g u n g

j a w a b p i d a n a y a n g t e t a p d i b u k a k e s e m p a t a n n y a u n t u k d i p e r k a r a k a n , m e i a i n k a n

j u g a t a n g g u n g j a w a b l a i n n y a , m i s a l n y a d i b i d a n g a d m i n i s t r a s i n e g a r a . K o n s u m e n

y a n g d i r u g i k a n h a k n y a , t i d a k h a n y a d i w a k i l k a n o l e h j a k s a d a l a m p e n u n t u t a n

p e r a d i i a n u m u m u n t u k k a s u s p i d a n a , t e t a p i i a s e n d i r i d a p a t j u g a m e n g g u g a t p i h a k

l a i n d i l i n g k u n g a n p e r a d i i a n t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a j i k a t e r d a p a t s e n g k e t a a d m i n i s t r a s i

d i d a l a m n y a . H a l y a n g d i k e m u k a k a n t e r a k h i r i n i d a p a t t e r j a d i , m i s a l n y a d a l a m

k a i t a n n y a d e n g a n k e b i j a k a n a p a r a t p e m e r i n t a h y a n g t e m y a t a d i p a n d a n g

m e r u g i k a n k o n s u m e n s e c a r a i n d i v i d u a l . B a h k a n , m e n g i n g a t m a k i n b a n y a k n y a

p e m s a h a a n m u l t i n a s i o n a l u a n g b c r p r o p e s i d i I n d o n e s i a j u g a t i d a k m e n u t u p

k e m u n g k i n a n a d a k o n s u m e n y a n g m e n g g u g a t p e l a k u u s a h a d i p e r a d i i a n n e g a r a

l a i n , s e h i n g g a s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n i n i p u n d a p a t b e r s i f a t t r a n s n a s i o n a l . " '

D a l a m k a s u s p e r d a t a d i P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i , p i h a k k o n s u m e n y a n g

d i b e r i k a n h a k m e n g a j u k a n g u g a t a n m e n u m t P a s a l 4 6 U U P K a d a l a h :

1 . S e o r a n g k o n s u m e n y a n g d i r u g i k a n a t a u a h l i w a r i s y a n g h e r s a n g k u t a n

Yusuf Sofle, P e r l i n d u n g a n Konsumen D a n I n s t r u m e n - i n s t r u m e n H u k u m n y a , Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2003, him. 313

2 7

D a l a m p m k t o k p c u i i n g a n a n p e r k a r a . pa t i a u m u m i n a t i d a k m u d a h

n i e n e t a p k a n k u a l i l l k a s i g u g a t a n . nie .sk i p u n s e c a r a t e o r i t i s s e b a g a i m a n a

d i k e m u k a k a n d i a t a s h a h w a k i i a l i l i k a s i g u g a t a n s e t i d a k n y a d a p a t d i b e d a k a n

m e n j a d i 3 ( t i g a ) . \ a i l u w a n p r e s l a s i ( i n g k a r j a n j i l . p e r b u a t a n m e l a w a n h u k u m

(onrechlmaligc i k u u l ) d a n p e r b u a t a n m e l a w a n l u i k u m pcngua . sa {onrechimatige

overheads daad). P a r a kua.sa h u k u m s e r i n g m e m a n f a a t k a n h a l i n i u n t u k

m e n g a j u k a n e k s e p s i / t a n g k i s a n b a h w a g u g a t a n k a b u r , m i s a l n y a g u g a t a n n y a

s e h a r u s n y a w a n p r e s t a s i . b u k a n p e r b u a t a n m e l a w a n h u k u m a t a u s e b a l i k n y a .

M i n i m n y a m a s a l a h - m a s a l a h k o n s u m e n d i p e n g a d i l a n ( t i d a k t e r m a s u k d i

l u a r p e n g a d i l a n ) m u n g k i n d i s e b a h k a n s i k a p k o n s u m e n I n d o n e s i a y a n g e n g g a n

b e r p e r k a r a d i p e n g a d i l a n . P e n y e b a b k e e n g g a n a n m e r e k a m e m i n t a k e a d i l a n d a r i

p e n g a d i l a n d i . s e b a b k a n o l e h y a n g b e r s i t a t y u r i d i s - p o l i t i s - s o s i o l o g i s .

Perfama. k a r e n a t i d a k k o n s i s t e n n y a b a d a n p c r a d i l a n k i t a a t a s p u t u s a n n y a .

S e r i n g t e r j a d i p e r b e d a a n p u t u s a n - p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n d a l a m k a s u s - k a s u s y a n g

s e r u p a . D a i a m k a s u s - k a s u s b e r s k a l a n a s i o n a l s a j a , p e n g a d i l a n b e l u m m a m p u

b e r s i k a p k o n s i s t e n , b a g a i m a n a d e n g a n k a s u s - k a s u s k o n s u m e n p a d a e r a

p e r d a g a n g a n b e b a s y a n g b e r s u a s a n a i n t e m a s i o n a l .

Kedua, k o n s u m e n e n g g a n b e r p e r k a r a d i p e n g a d i l a n p a d a h a l l e l a h ( s a n g a t )

d i r u g i k a n p e n g u s a h a . K e e n g g a n a n m e r e k a s e b e l u m d i u n d a n g k a n n y a U n d a n g -

u n d a n g N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n p a d a 2 0 A p r i l

1 9 9 9 , l e b i h d i d a s a r k a n p a d a :

Ceiina lVi Siwi Kristiyanti, O p . (7/. him. 181

28

a. b e l u m j e l a s n y a n o r m a - n o r m a p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n ( s e b e l u m d i u n d a n g k a n n y a U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 8 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n )

b . p c r a d i l a n k i t a y a n g b e l u m s e d e r h a n a . c e p a t d a n b i a y a r i n g a n c. s i k a p m e n g h i n d a r k o n t l i k m e s k i p u n h a k - h a k n y a s e b a g a i k o n s u m e n

d i l a n g g a r .

Ketiga, t a r i k m e n a r i k b e r b a g a i k e p e n t i n g a n d i a n t a r a p a r a p e l a k u e k o n o m i

y a n g b u k a n k o n s u m e n , y a n g m e m i l i k i a k s e s k u a t d i b e r b a g a i b i d a n g , t e r m a s u k

a k s e s k e p a d a p e n g a n i b i l k e p u t u s a n . Y a n g t e r a k h i r i n i s e c a r a s o s i o l o g i s b e r a d a d i

I n a r j a n g k a u a n h u k u m . K a l a u p u n h u k u m m a m p u m e n j a n g k a u n y a i t u p u n h a n y a

s e b a t a s p a d a m e r e k a y a n g m e n j a d i l u m b a l t a r i k m e n a r i k k e p e n t i n g a n t e r s e b u t .

2. Penyelesaian Sengketa di Luar Pengadilan

A s a s h u k u m y a n g b e r b u n y i point d'interei, pom! d action ( t i a a a

k e p e n t i n g a n , m a k a t i d a k a d a a k s i ) m e n g g a m b a r k a n b a h w a g u g a t a n d i a j u k a n u n t u k

m e m p e r t a h a n k a n h a k ( k e p e n t i n g a n ) o r a n g a t a u b a d a n h u k u m y a n g d i l a n g g a r .

O l e h k a r e n a i t u , a p a b i l a s e s e o r a n g t i d a k m e m p u n y a i k e p e n t i n g a n , m a k a i a t i d a k

d a p a t m e n g a j u k a n g u g a t a n . P a d a u m u m n y a , s u a t u g u g a t a n d i a j u k a n o l e h

s e s e o r a n g a t a u b e b a r a p a o r a n g p r i b a d i u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n b a d a n h u k u m i t u

s e n d i r i , y a n g d a p a t d i w a k i l k a n k e p a d a s e s e o r a n g a t a u b e b e r a p a o r a n g k u a s a .

K o m p e t e n s i i n i d i d a s a r k a n p a d a k u a l i t a s m e r e k a s e b a g a i persona standi in

judicio, y a n g m e m h e r i k a n k e w e n a n g a n d a l a m h u k u m u n l u k b e r t i n d a k s e b a g a i

p i h a k d a l a m p r o s e s p e r k a r a p e r d a t a , b a i k s e b a g a i p i h a k y a n g m e n g g u g a t m a u p u n

s e b a g a i p i h a k y a n g d i g u g a t .

D e n g a n m a r a k n y a k e g i a t a n b i s n i s , t i d a k m u n g k i n d i h i n d a r i t e r j a d i n y a

s e n g k e t a (dispute! difference) a n t a r a p a r a p i h a k y a n g t e r l i b a t . d i m a n a

p e n y e l e s a i a n n y a d i l a k u k a n m e l a l u i p r o s e s p e r a d i i a n (litigasi). P r o s e s i n i

29

m e m b u t u h k a n w a k t u y a n g l a m a , n a m u n a l a s a n y a n g s e r i n g m e n g e m u k a

d i p i i i h n y a p e n y e l e s a i a n a l t e m a t i f . y a i t u k a r e n a i n g i n m e m a n g k a s h i r o k r a s i

p e r k a r a , b i a y a d a n w a k t u . s e h i n g g a r c l a l i f l e b i h c e p a t d e n g a n b i a y a r e l a t i f l e b i h

r i n g a n . l e b i h d a p a t m c n j a g a h a r m o n i s o s i a l d e n g a n i n e n g e n i h a n g k a n b u d a y a

m u s y a w a r a h d a n b u d a y a n o n k o n f r o n t a t i f . M e l a l u i j a l a n t e r s e b u t d i h a r a p k a n t i d a k

t e r j a d i p r i n s i p lose-win t e t a p i win-win. p a r a p i h a k m e r a s a m e n a n g s e h i n g g a

m c n g h i n d a r k a n t e r j a d i n y a hard feeling d a n loosing face.

D i I n d o n e s i a , A D R m e m p u n y a i d a y a t a r i k k h u s u s k a r e n a k e s e r a s i a n n y a

d e n g a n s i s t e m s o s i a l b u d a y a t r a d t s i o n a i b e r d a s a r k a n m u s y a w a r a h m u f a k a t .

B e b e r a p a h a l d i b a w a h i n i m e r u p a k a n k e u n t u n g a n y a n g s e r i n g m u i i e u l d a l a m

A D R , y a i t i i :

( 1 ) s i f a t k c s u k a r e l a a n d a l a m p r o s e s ( 2 ) P r o s e d u r y a n g c e p a t :

k e p u t u s a n n o n y u d i s a l k o n t r o l t e n t a n g k e b u t u h a n o r g a n i s a s i

- p r o s e d u r r a h a s i a {confidential) fleksibilitas d a l a m m e r a n c a n g s y a r a t - s y a r a t p e n y e l e s a i a n m a s a l a h l i e m a t w a k t u

- h e m a t b i a y a - p e m e l i h a r a a n h u b u n g a n

t i n g g i n y a k e m u n g k i n a n u n t u k m e l a k s a n a k a n k e s e p a k a t a n k o n t r o l d a n l e b i h m u d a h m e m p e r l i h a t k a n h a s i l k e p u t u s a n b e r t a h a n s e p a n j a n g w a k t u . " '

S e l a n j u t n y a m e n g e n a i l e m b a g a a l t e m a t i f p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a t e l a h

d i a t u r d a l a m U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 3 0 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g A r b i t r a s e d a n

A l t e m a t i f P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a . P a s a l 1 a y a t ( 1 ) U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 3 0

t a h u n 1 9 9 9 b e r b u n y i : " A r b i t r a s e a d a l a h c a r a p e n y e l e s a i a n s u a t u s e n g k e l a p e r d a t a

him. 184

30

d i l u a r p e r a d i i a n u m u m y a n g d i d a s a r k a n p a d a p e r j a n j i a n a r b i t r a s e y a n g d i b u a t

s e c a r a t e r t u l i s o l e h p a r a p i h a k y a n g b e r s e n g k e t a " .

A d a p u n a l t e m a t i f p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g e k a t a m e n u r u t P a s a l 1 a y a t ( 1 )

U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 3 0 t a u n 1 9 9 9 b e r b u n y i : " A l t e m a t i f p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e l a

a d a l a h l e m b a g a p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e l a a t a u b e d a p e n d a p a t m e l a l u i p r o s e d u r y a n g

d i s e p a k a t i p a r a p i h a k , y a k n i p e n y e l e s a i a n d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n d e n g a n c a r a

k o n s u l t a s i , n e g o s i a s i , m e d i a s i , k o n s i l i a s i a t a u p e n i l a i a n a h l i " .

K e m u d i a n b e r d a s a r k a n i s i P a s a l 1 a y a t ( 1 0 ) U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 3 0

t a h u n 1 9 9 9 d i a t a s , m a k a a l t e m a t i f p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n

c a r a b e r i k u t .

1 . K o n s u l t a s i

P a d a p r i n s i p n y a k o n s u l t a s i m e r u p a k a n s u a t u t i n d a k a n y a n g b e r s i f a t

" p e r s o n a l " a n t a r a s u a t u p i h a k t e r t e n t u y a n g d i s e b u t d e n g a n " k l i e n " d e n g a n

p i h a k l a i n y a n g m e r u p a k a n p i h a k " k o n s u l t a n " y a n g m e m h e r i k a n

p e n d a p a t n y a k e p a d a k l i e n t e r s e b u t u n t u k m e m e n u h i k e p e r l u a n d a n

k e b u t u h a n k l i e n n y a . P e n d a p a t t e r s e b u t t i d a k m e n g i k a t , a r t i n y a k l i e n b e b a s

u n t u k m e n e r i m a p e n d a p a t n y a a t a u t i d a k

2 . N e g o s i a s i

N e g o s i a s i a d a l a h p r o s e s k o n s e n s u s y a n g d i g u n a k a n p a r a p i h a k u n t u k

m e m p e r o l e h k e s e p a k a t a n d i a n t a r a m e r e k a . N e g o s i a s i m e n u r u t R o g e r

F i s h e r d a n W i i i a m U r y a d a l a h a d a l a h k o m u n i k a s i d u a a r a h y a n g d i r a n c a n g

u n t u k m e n c a p a i k e s e p a k a t a n p a d a saa t k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k m e m i l i k i

b e r b a g a i k e p e n t i n g a n y a n g s a m a m a u p u n b e r b e d a . N e g o s i a s i m e r u p a k a n

3 1

s a r a n a b a g i p i h a k - p i h a k y a n g m e n g a i a m i s e n g k e t a u n t u k m e n d i s k u s i k a n

p e n y e l e s a i a n n y a t a n p a m e i i b a l k a n p i h a k k e t i g a p e n e n g a h y a n g l i d a k

b e r w e n a n g m e n g a m b i ! k e p u t u s a n ( m e d i a s i ) d a n p i h a k k e t i g a p e n g a m b i l

k e p u t u s a n ( a r b i t r a s e d a n l i t i g a s i )

N e g o s i a s i b i a s a n y a d i p e r g u n a k a n d a l a m s e n g k e t a y a n g t i d a k l e r l a l u p e l i k ,

d i m a n a p a r a p i h a k m a s i h b e r i t i k a d b a i k u n t u k d u d u k b e r s a m a d a m

m e m e c a h k a n m a s a l a h . N e g o s i a s i d i l a k u k a n a p a b i l a k o m u n i k a s i a n l a r

p i h a k y a n g b e r s e n g k e t a m a s i h t e r j a l i n d e n g a n b a i k , m a s i h a d a r a s a s a l i n g

p e r c a y a , d a n a d a k e i n g i n a n u n l u k c e p a t m e n d a p a t k a n k e s e p a k a t a n d a n

m e n e r u s k a n h u b u n g a n b a i k .

3 . M e d i a s i

D a l a m P a s a l 6 a y a t ( 3 ) U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 3 0 t a h u n 1 9 9 9 d i k a t a k a n

b a h w a a t a s k e s e p a k a t a n t e r t u l i s p a r a p i h a k s e n g k e t a a t a u b e d a p e n d a p a t

d i s e l e s a i k a n m e l a l u i b a n t u a n s e o r a n g a t a u l e b i h p e n a s i h a t a h l i m a u p u n

m e l a l u i s e o r a n g m e d i a t o r .

4 . K o n s i l i a s i

K o n s i l i a s i t i d a k j a u h b e r b e d a d e n g a n p e r d a m a i a n , s e b a g a i m a n a d i a t u r

d a l a m P a s a l 1 8 5 1 K U H P e r d a t a . K o n s i l i a s i s e b a g a i s u a t u a l t e m a t i f

p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n a d a l a h s u a t u t i n d a k a n a t a u p r o s e s

u n t u k m a n c a p a i p e r d a m a i a n d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n . U n t u k m e n c e g a h

d i l a k s a n a k a n n y a p r o s e s p e r a d i i a n (litigasi) m e i a i n k a n j u g a d a l a m s e t i a p

t i n g k a t p e r a d i i a n y a n g s e d a n g b e r ' i a n g s u n g , b a i k d i d a l a m m a u p u n d i l u a r

p e n g a d i l a n . D a l a m k o n s i l i a s i p i h a k k e t i g a m e n g u p a y a k a n p e r t e m u a n d i

32

a n t a r a p i h a k y a n g b e r s c l i s i h u n t u k m e n g u p a y a k a n p e r t e m u a n d i a n t a r a

p i h a k y a n g b e r s e l i s i h u n t u k m e n g u p a y a k a n p e r d a m a i a n . P i h a k k e t i g a

s e l a k u k o n s i l i a t o r t i d a k h a r u s d u d u k b e r s a m a d a l a m p e r u n d i n g a n d e n g a n

p a r a p i h a k y a n g b e r s e l i s i h , k o n s i l i a t o r b i a s a n y a t i d a k t e r l i b a t s e c a r a

m c n d a l a m a l a s s u b s t a n s i d a r i p e r s e l i s i h a n .

5 . P e n i l a i a n A h l i

Y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n p e n i l a i a n a h l i a d a l a h p e n d a p a t h u k u m o l e h

l e m b a g a a r b i t r a s e . D a l a m P a s a l 1 a n g k a 8 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 3 0

t a h u n 1 9 9 9 b e r b u n y i : " ( . c m b a g a a rb i t r a . se a d a l a h b a d a n y a n g d i p i l i h o l e h

p a r a [> i l iak y a n g b c r . s e n g k e t a u n t u k m e m h e r i k a n p u t u s a n m e n g e n a i

s e n g k e t a t e r t e n t u , l e m b a g a t e r s e b u t j u g a d a p a t m e m b c r i k a n p e n d a p a t y a n g

m e n g i k a t m e n g e n a i s u a t u h u b u n g a n h u k u m t e r t e n t u d a l a m h a l b e l u m

t i m b u l s e n g k e t a " .

BAB I I I

PEMBAHASAN

A. Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen dengan Pelaku Usaha Menurut

Undang-Undang Nomor 8 tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen

1. Penyelesaian di Peradiian Umum

P a s a l 4 5 A y a t ( 1 ) U U P K m e n y a t a k a n " S e t i a p K o n s u m e n y a n g

d i r u g i k a n d a p a t m e n g g u g a t p e l a k u u s a h a m e l a l u i l e m b a g a y a n g b e r t u g a s

m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a a n t a r a k o n s u m e n d a n p e l a k u u s a h a a t a u m e l a l u i

p e r a d i i a n y a n g b e r a d a d i l i n g k u n g a n p e r a d i i a n u m u m "

K e t e n t u a n a y a t b e r i k u t n y a m e n g a t a k a n : " P e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a

k o n s u m e n d a p a t d i t e m p u h m e l a l u i p e n g a d i l a n a t a u d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n

b e r d a s a r k a n p i l i h a n s u k a r e l a p a r a p i h a k y a n g b e r s e n g k e t a . "

A y a t p e r t a m a i t u t i d a k t e r l a l u j e l a s . D i s i t u h a n y a d i k a t a k a n , s e t i a p

k o n s u m e n y a n g d i r u g i k a n d a p a t m e n g g u g a t p e l a k u u s a h a . A p a k a h s e c a r a a

contrario d a p a t d i t a f s i r k a n h a k i t u t i d a k d i b e r i k a n k e p a d a p e l a k u u s a h a .

T e n t u , j i k a m e l i h a t k e d a l a m asas -asas h u k u m a c a r a , h a k y a n g s a m a h a r u s

d i b e r i k a n k e p a d a s m e u a p i h a k y a n g b e r k e i n g i n a n d a n i i d a k t e r t u t u p

k e m u n g k i n a n a d a n y a k o n s u m e n y a n g m e n g g u g a t p e l a k u u s a h a d i p e r a d i i a n

n e g a r a l a i n , s e h i n g g a s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n m i p u n d a p a t b e r s i f a t t r a n s n a s i o n a l

a t a u i n t e m a s i o n a l .

3 3

3 4

D a l a m k a s u s u p e r d a t a d i P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i . p i h a k k o n s u m e n y a n g d i b e r i

h a k m e n g a j u k a n g u g a t a n m e n u r u t P a s a l 4 6 U U P K . a d a l a h :

a. S e o r a n g k o n s u m e n y a n g d i r u g i k a n a t a u a h l i w a r i s y a n g h e r s a n g k u t a n b . S e k c l o m p o k k o n s u m e n y a n g m e m p u n y a i k e p e n t i n g a n y a n g .sama c. L e m b a g a p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n s w a d a y a m a s y a r a k a t y a n g m e m e n u h i

s y a r a t , y a i t u b e r b e n t u k b a d a n h u k u m a t a u y a y a s a n , y a n g d a l a m a n g g a r a n d a s a m y a m e n y e b u l k a n d e n g a n i c g a s b a h w a l u j u a n d i d i r i k a n n y a o r g a n i s a s i t e r s e b u t a d a l a h u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n d a n t e l a h m e l a k s a n a k a n k e g i a t a n s e s u a i d e n g a n a n g g a r a n d a s a m y a

d . P e m e r i n t a h d a n / a t a u i n s t a n s i t e r k a i t a p a b i l a b a r a n g d a n / a t a u y a n g d i k o n s u m s i a t a u d i m a n f a a t k a n m e n g a k i b a t k a n k e r u g i a n m a t e r i y a n g b e s a r d a n / a t a u k o r b a n y a n g t i d a k s e d i k i t .

P a d a k i a s i f i k a s i y a n g p e r t a m a , y a i t u s e o r a n g k o n s u m e n ( a t a u a h l i

w a r i s n y a ) t e n t u s a j a t i d a k a d a i s t i m e w a d i l i h a t d a r i k e t e n t u a n b e r a c a r a . H a l y a n g

m e n a r i k a d a l a h k i a s i f i k a s i k e d u a d a n s e t e m s n v a .

P a d a k i a s i f i k a s i k e d u a . g u g a t a n d a p a t d i l a k u k a n o l e h s e k e l o m p o k

k o n s u m e n y a n g m e m p u n y a i k e p e n t i n g a n y a n g s a m a . K e t e n t u a n i n i h a r u s

d i b e d a k a n d e n g a n g u g a t a n d e n g a n m e v / a k i l k a n k e p a d a o r a n g l a i n s e p e r t i d i a t u r

d a l a m P a s a i 1 2 3 a y a t ( 1 ) H I R . P e n j e l a s a n P a s a l 4 6 m e n y e b u t k a n g u g a t a n

k e i o m p o k i n i d e n g a n i s t i l a h class action. K e m u d i a n k i a s i f i k a s i k e t i g a a d a l a h

l e m b a g a s w a d a y a m a s y a r a k a t . K i a s i f i k a s i k e t i g a i n i b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n legal

standing.

L e m b a g a S w a d a y a M a s y a r a k a t ( L S M ) y a n g b e r g e r a k d i l a p a n g a n

p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n i n i b o l e h j a d i t e r u s b e r t a m b a h b a n y a k . M e n j a d i

p e r t a n y a a n , a p a k a h s e m u a d a r i m e r e k a b e r h a k m e n g k i a i m s e b a g a i k o n s u m e n .

P e r s y a r a t a n y a n g d i a j u k a n o l e h P a s a l 4 6 a y a t ( 1 ) h u r u f e m a s i h t e r l a l u u m u m .

U n t u k i t u , p e r t i m b a n g a n a g a r d i l a k u k a n s e m a c a m " a k r e d i t a s i " t a m p a k n y a p e r l u

d i j a j a k i . S y a r a t n y a t e n t u s a j a b a d a n y a n g m e m g a k r e d i t a s i i t u h a r u s i n d e p e n d e n t .

3 5

S a y a n g n y a , P a s a l 1 a n g k a 9 d a n P a s a l 4 4 a y a t ( 1 ) U U P K m e n u t u p k e m u n g k i n a n

i t u d e n g a n m e n y a t a k a n l e m b a g a p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n s w a d a y a m a s y a r a k a t

t e r d a f t a r d a n d i a k u i o l e h p e m e r i n t a h . B a d a n P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n . s u m e n N a s i o n a l

( B P K N ) y a n g s e b e n a m y a d a p a t m e n g a m b i ) a l i h t u g a s d e m i k i a n , j i k a t i d a k

d i m u n g k i n k a n m e n u r u t r i n c i a n t u g a s P a s a l 3 4 U U P K .

K i a s i f i k a s i p e n g g u g a t d a l a m s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n y a n g k e e m p a t a t a u

t e r a k h i r a d a l a h p e m e r i n t a h d a n i n s t a n s i t e r k a i t . M e r e k a b a m a k a n m e n g g u g a t

p e l a k u u s a h a j i k a a d a k e r u g i a n m a t e r i y a n g b e s a r d a n k o r b a n y a n g t i d a k s e d i k i t .

N a m u n t i d a k d i s e b u t k a n a p a k a h g u g a t a n d e m i k i a n m a s i h d i p e r l u k a n j i k a a d a

g u g a t a n d a r i p a r a k o n s u m e n a t a u d a p a t d i l a k u k a n b e r s a m a a n w a k t u n y a d e n g a n

g u g a t a n d a r i p i h a k k o n s u m e n y a n g t e r m a s u k k l a s i f i k a s i - k l a s i f i k a s i s a t u s a m p a i

t i g a . T a m p a k n y a h a l - h a l i t u t e t a p d i b i a r k a n t a n p a p e n j e l a s a n k a r e n a m e n u r u t

k e t e n t u a n P a s a l 4 6 a y a t ( 3 ) m a s a l a h i t u m a s i h d i p e r l u k a n p e n g a t u r a n l e b i h l a n j u t

d e n g a n P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h .

2. Penyelesaian di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara

K e b e r a d a a n p e r a d i i a n t a t a u s h a n e g a r a s e r i n g d i a n g g a p s e b a g a i u n s u r

u t a m a b e r d i r i n y a s u a t u n e g a r a h u k u m (rechtstaat). E k s i s t e n t i p e r a d i i a n t a t a u s a h a

n e g a r a s e n d i r i r e l a t i f m a s i h b a m d i I n d o n e s i a . S e c a r a s u b s t a n t i f p e n g a t u r a n n y a

d i c a n t u m k a n d a l a m U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 5 T a h u n 1 9 8 6 t e n t a n g P e r a d i i a n t a t a

U s a h a N e g a r a , n a m u n p e n e r a p a n n y a d i t u n d a s e k i t a r l i m a t a h u n k e m u d i a n .

L i n g k u n g a n p e r a d i i a n t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a m e m p a k a n s a l a h s a t u p e l a k s a n a

k c k u a s a a n k e h a k i m a n b a g i p e n c a r i k e a d i l a n y a n g t e r l i b a t s e n g k e t a t a t a u s a h a

n e g a r a .

36

Y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g e n s e n g k e t a t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a a d a l a h s e n g k e t a y a n g t i m b u l d a l a m b i d a n g l a t a u s a h a n e g a r a a n t a r a o r a n g a l a u b a d a n h u k u m p e r d a t a b e r h a d a p a n d e n g a n h a t i a n a t a u p e j a b a t t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a , b a i k d i p u s a t m a u p u n d i d a e r a h , s e b a g a i a k i b a t d i k e l u a r k a n n y a k e p u t u s a n t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a . T e n n a s u k d a l a m k a t e g o r i s e n g k e t a t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a a d a l a h s e n g k e t a k e p e g a w a i a n b e r d a s a r k a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n y a n g b e r i a k u . ^ "

P e n g e r t i a n p e j a b a t l a t a u s a h a n e g a r a t e r m a s u k b a d a n a l a u p e j a b a t y a n g

m e m a k s a n a k a n u r u s a n p e m e r i n t a h a n b e r d a s a r k a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n

y a n g b e r i a k u . K e p u t u s a n t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a i t u h a r u s b e r u p a p e n e t a p a n t e r t u l i s

y a n g b e r i s i t i n d a k a n h u k u m t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a b e r d a s a r k a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g -

i m d a n g a n , y a n g b e r s i t a t k o n k r i t , i n d i v i d u a l d a n f i n a l y a n g m e n i m b u l k a n a k i b a t

h u k u m b a g i s e s e o r a n g a t a u b a d a n h u k u m p e r d a t a . B e b e r a p a k e t e n t u a n y a n g

t e r k a i t y a n g p e r l u d i p e r h a l i k a n d a l a m m e n g a r t i k a n " s e n g k e t a t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a "

a d a l a h P a s a l 1 a n g k a ( 3 ) , (4) d a n (5), P a s a l 2 d a n 3 s e r t a P a s a l 4 7 s .d 6 7 U n d a n g -

u n d a n g N o m o r 5 T a h u n 1 9 8 6 .

P a s a l 4 5 a y a t ( \ ) d a n P a s a l 4 6 a y a t ( 2 ) U U P K t e r k e s a n h a n y a

m e m b o l e h k a n g u g a t a n k o n s u m e n d i a j u k a n k e l i n g k u n g a n p e r a d i i a n u m u m .

P e m b a t a s a n i n i j e l a s m e n g h a l a n g i k o n s u m e n y a n g p e r k a r a n y a m u n g k i n

m e n y e n t u h k o m p e t e n s i p e r a d i i a n l a t a u s a h a n e g a r a . K e n d a l i d e m i k i a n , j i k a

k o n s u m e n d i a r t i k a n s e c a r a l u a s , y a k n i m e n c a k u p j u g a p e n e r i m a j a s a l a y a n a n

p u b l i k , t e n t u p e r a d i i a n t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a s e h a r u s n y a p a t u t j u g a m e l a y a n i g u g a t a n

t e r s e b u t . U n t u k i t u p e r l u d i p e r h a l i k a n b a h w a s y a r a t - s y a r a t s u a t u s e n g k e t a i t u

b e r a w a l d a r i a d a n y a p e n e t a p a n t e r t u l i s , b e r s i f a t k o n k r i t i n d i v i d u a l d a n f i n a l , h a r u s

t e t a p t e r p e n u h i .

'Roza l i A b d u l l a h , Op. Cit, h i m . 23

37

P e n g e r t i a n p e j a b a t a t a u b a d a n t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a . a n t a r a l a i n m e n u r u t A M .

D o n n e r y a n g d i k u t i f R o z a l i A b d u l l a h , d a p a t d i p e r l u a s d a l a m b e n t u k p e m s a h a a n

y a n g m e l a y a n i j a s a - j a s a u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n u m u m . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n . B a d a n -

b a d a n U s a h a M i l i k N e g a r a ( B U M N ) a t a u M i l i k D a e r a h ( B U M D ) d a p a t

d i k a t a g o r i k a n s e b a g a i k e p a n j a n g a n t a n g a n p e m e r i n t a h d a l a m b e r u s a h a d e n g a n

m a s v a r a k a t . ^ '

M a s y a r a k a t I n d o n e s i a s e b a g a i p e n e r i m a j a s a l a y a n a n p u b l i k s e r i n g

m e n g a i a m i k e s u l i t a n a k i b a t k e t i a d a a n s t a n d a r p e l a y a n a n y a n g j e l a s . M a s y a r a k a t

a k a n m u d a h s e c a r a s e p i h a k d i j a t u h i s a n k s i j i k a y a n g h e r s a n g k u t a n t e r l a m b a t

m e n u n a i k a n k e w a j i b a n n y a . t e t a p i s e b a l i k n y a s a n k s i y a n g s a m a t i d a k d a p a t

d i a r a h k a n k e p a d a p e j a b a t t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a y a n g t e r l a m b a t m e r e a l i s a s i k a n

p e l a y a n a n k e p a d a m a s y a r a k a t . K e t i n i p a n g a n i n i d a p a t t e r j a d i d i s e m u a s e k t o r

k e h i d u p a n . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , p e j a b a t a t a u b a d a n i t u d a p a t d i m i n t a k a n p e r t a n g g u n g

j a w a b a n , m u n g k i n s e c a r a p c r d a t a , p i d a n a a t a u a d m i n i s t r a s i t e r g a n t u n g p a d a

k a r a k t e r i s t i k p e r k a r a y a n g t i m b u l . K a r a k t e r i s t i k p e r k a r a i l u m e m a n g p e r l u s e c a r a

h a t i - h a t i d i i d e n t i t l k a s i k a n o l e h k o n s u m e n a g a r t i d a k i c r j e b a k d a l a m k e k e l i r u a n

m e n a f s i r k a n y u r i s d i k s i a b s o l u t a n t a r a l i n g k u n g a n p e r a d i i a n u m u m d a n p e r a d i i a n

t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a .

D i s a d a r i s e j a k a w a l b a h w a h i r o k r a s i y a n g d i c i p t a k a n o l e h p e j a b a t a t a u

b a d a n u s a h a n e g a r a a c a p k a l i m e m b u a t m a s y a r a k a t ( k o n s u m e n ) k u r a n g t e r l a y a n i

s e c a r a l a y a k . B a h k a n t i d a k j a i a n g t e r j a d i , h i r o k r a s i i t u j u s t r u m e n j a d i l a d a n g s u b u r

b a g i t e r j a d i n y a p e n y a l a h g i i n a a n w e w e n a n g y a n g b e r t e n l a n g a n d e n g a n a s a s - a s a s

^'Rozali Abdullah, l.oc. Cit

38

p e m e r i n t a h a n y a n g b a i k . A g a r t i n d a k a n a p a r a t n e g a r a y a n g m e n y i m p a n g d a r i a s a s

p e m e r i n t a h a n y a n g b a i k , h i s a d i l u r u s k a n . S e b a g a i m e d i a t o r , i a b e r u s a h a u n l u k

m e n g k o n s u m s i k a n k e l u h a n m a s y a r a k a t k e p a d a i n s t a n s i t e r k a i t . D a l a m p r o s e s

k o m u n i k a s i i l u . p e k e r j a a n O m b u s m a n t i d a k p e r l u h a r u s d i b u k a k e p a d a p u b l i k .

K o m i s i o m b u s m a n j u g a t i d a k m e m p u n y a i k e w e n a n g a n m c l a k u k a n p e n y e l i d i k a n

a t a u p e n y i d i k a n s e p e r t i h a l n y a K e p o l i s i a n a t a u K e j a k s a a n , t e t a p i h a n y a s e b a t a s

m e l a k u k a n k l a r i t i k a s i p e m i a s a l a h a n . H a s i l a k h i r n y a a d a l a h r e k o m e n d a s i a g a r

b a d a n a t a u p e j a b a t t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a t e r t e n t u d a p a t m e n i n d a k l a n j u t i n y a .

L k s i s t e n s i t i m O m b u s m a n i n i m e m p u n y a i a r t i p e n t i n g d a l a m g e r a k a n

p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n . D i p e r k i r a k a n a k a n b a n y a k k a s u s - k a s u s k e l u h a n t e r h a d a p

k u a l i t a s l a y a n a n p u b l i k y a n g s e l a m a i n i s e p e r t i m e n g a i a m i j a l a n b u n t u , a k a n d a p a t

d i b a n t u p e n y e l e s a i a n n y a m e l a l u i k o m i s i t e r s e b u t . k i p r a h m a s y a r a k a t ( k o n s u m e n )

t e r h a d a p p e j a b a t a t a u b a d a n p e l a k s a n a l a y a n a n p u b l i k y a n g s e r i n g m e n u t u p d i r i .

K a s u s - k a s u s y a n g k e r a p m e n i m b u l k a n f r u s t a s i m a s y a r a k a t i t u b a r a n g k a l i t i d a k

t c r s e l e s a i k a n k a r e n a s e b a g i a n b e s a r m e m a n g t i d a k d a p a t d i k o n s t r u k s i k a n s e b a g a i

s e n g k e t a t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a , a t a u k a l a u p u n d a p a t d i g u g a t m e l a l u i p e r a d i i a n u m u m ,

k o n s u m e n s e n d i r i e n g g a n m e n e m p u h n y a k a r e n a p r o s e s y a n g d e m i k i a n p a n j a n g

d a n b e r l i k u .

U n t u k m e m u d a h k a n a k s e s m a s y a r a k a t , k h u s u s n y a k o n s u m e n d a l a m

h u b u n g a n n y a d e n g a n p e l a y a n a n a p a r a t h i r o k r a s i n e g a r a , d i b e r b a g a i n e g a r a

d i d i r i k a n k o m i s i k h u s u s a n t a r a I a i n b e r t u g a s m e n e r i m a p c n g a d u a n d a r i

m a s y a r a k a t a t a s k e r u g i a n y a n g d i d e r i t a n y a a t a s p e r i l a k u p e n y e l e n g g a r a

p e m e r i n t a h a n . D i I n d o n e s i a k o m i s i d e m i k i a n d i r e a l i s a s i k a n . y a k n i b e r d a s a r k a n

39

K e p u t u s a n P r e s i d e n N o m o r 1 5 5 5 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g T i m P e n g k a j i a n

I V ' m b e n t u k a n L e m b a g a O m b u s m a n . S e m e n t a r a i n i t i m t e r s e b u t b a r n b e r a d a d i

t i n g k a t p u s a l , b e r a n g g o t a k a n d e l a p a n o r a n g d a r i b e r b a g a i k a l a n g a n .

O m b u s m a n s e n d i r i d i a d o p s i d a r i l e m b a g a y a n g b e r k e m b a n g p e r t a m a k a l i

d i n e g a r a S w e d i a d a n s e k a r a n g b e r k e m b a n g d i s e k i t a r 9 3 n e g a r a d i d u n i a .

M e n u r u t H e n r y C . B l a c k , O m b u s m a n a d a l a h : " S a t u l e m b a g a r e s m i a t a u s e t e n g a h

r e s m i y a n g d i j a b a t o l e h s e s e o r a n g u n t u k n a m a r a k y a t b o l e h k e m b a l i d e n g a n t i d a k

b c r k e c i l h a t i d e n g a n p e m e r i n t a h o m b u s m a n b e r k e d u d u k a n s e b a g a i w a k i l d i a n t a r a

r a k y a t d e n g a n p e m e r i n t a h " . t u g a s u t a m a o m b u s m a n a d a l a h s e b a g a i m e d i a t o r

b a g i m a s y a r a k a t .

3. Penyelesaian di Luar Pengadilan

U n t u k m e n g a t a s i k e b e r l a k u a n p r o s e s p e n g a d i l a n , U U P K m e m b e r i j a l a n

a l t e m a t i f d e n g a n m e n y e d i a k a n p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n d i l u a r

p e n g a d i l a n . G u g a t a n m e l a l u i p e n g a d i l a n h a n y a d a p a t d i t e m p u h j i k a u p a y a i t u

d i n y a t a k a n t i d a k b e r h a s i l o l e h s a l a h s a t u p i h a k a t a u o l e h p a r a p i h a k y a n g

b e r s e n g k e t a . I n i b e r a r t i p e n y e l e s a i a n d i p e n g a d i l a n p u n t e t a p d i b u k a s e t e l a h p a r a

p i h a k g a g a l m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e l a m e r e k a d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n .

L a g i - l a g i t i d a k j e l a s m a k s u d d a r i k a t a - k a t a " d i n y a t a k a n t i d a k b e r h a s i l " d a l a m a y a t d i a tas . S e c a r a r e d a k s i o n a l , j u g a t i d a k j e l a s a p a k a h y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n i s t i l a h " p e n y e l e s a i a n d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n " i n i a d a l a h u a p a y a p e r d a m a i n d i a n t a r a m e r e k a , a t a u j u g a t e n n a s u k p e n y e l e s a i a n m e l a l u i B a d a n P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n ( s e l a n j u l n y a d i s i n g k a t B P S K ) . ^ ^

J i k a y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g e n " p e n y e l e s a i a n d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n " i n i t e r m a s u k

j u g a p e n y e l e s a i a n m e l a l u i B P S K , t e n t u s a j a t i d a k m u n g k i n a d a k e s a n b a h w a s a l a h

'^R. Subekti, H u k u m P e r j a n j i a n , Inlermasa, Jakarta, 1991, hini. 2 8 ^•'Mariam Dars Badrulzaman, O p . Cit, h i m . 28

40

s a t u p i h a k a t a u p a r a p i h a k d a p a l m c n g h c n t i k a n p i h a k d i t e n g a h j a l a n . s e b e l u m

B P S K m e n j a t u h k a n p u t u s a n . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n , k a t a - k a t a " d i n y a t a k a n t i d a k

b e r h a s i l " p u n t i d a k m u n g k i n d a p a l d i l a k u k a n b e g i t u .saja o l e h s a l a h s a t u p i h a k

a t a u p a r a p i h a k . S e k a l i m e r e k a m e m u l u s k a n u n l u k m e m i l i h p e n y e l e s a i a n m e l a l u i

B P K S , m a k a m e r e k a s e h a r u s n y a t e r i k a t u n l u k m e n e m p u h p r o s e s p e m e r i k s a a n

s a m p a i s a a t p e n j a t u h a n p u t u s a n n y a . J i k a m e r e k a l i d a k d a p a t m e n e r i m a n y a ,

b a r u l a h m e r e k a d i b e r i h a k m e l a n j u l k a n p e n y e l e s a i a n n y a d i p e n g a d i l a n n e g e r i .

T a m p a k n y a i n t e r p r e t a s i s e p e r t i d i k e m u k a k a n t e r k a h i r i n i l a h y a n g d i m a u i o l e h

p e m b e n t u k u n d a n g - u n d a n g t e r s e b u t , s e b a g a i m a n a t a m p a k d a r i k e t e n i u a n P a s a l 5 6

U U P K .

H a n y a sa ja P a s a l 5 4 a v a l ( 3 ) U U P K m e n e g a s k o n b a h w a p u t u s a n m a j e l i s

d a r i B P S K i t u b e r s i f a t final d a n m e n g i k a t . K a t a " f i n a l " d i a r t i k a n n y a s e b a g a i t i d a k

a d a n y a u s a h a b a n d i n g d a n ka . sas i . Y a n g a d a h a n y a l a h " k e b e r a t a n " y a n g d a t a

d i s a m p a i k a n k e p a d a p e n g a d i l a n n e g e r i d a l a m w a k t u 1 4 h a r i k e r j a s e t e l a h p i h a k

b e r k e p c n t i n g a n m e n e r i m a p e m b e r i t a h u a n p u t u . s a n t e r s e b u t . J i k a p i h a k y a n g

" d i k a l a h k a n " t i d a k m e n j a l a n k a n p u t u s a n B P S K , m a k a p u t u s a n i t u a k a n d i s e r a h k a n

o l e h B P S K k e p a d a p e n y i d i k u n t u k d i j a d i k a n b u k t i p e r m u l a a n y a n g c u k u p d a l a m

p e n y i d i k a n . U U P K s a m a s e k a l i t i d a k m e m h e r i k a n k e m u n g k i n a n I a i n b a g i B P S K ,

k e c u a l i m e n y e r a h k a n p u t u s a n i t u k e p a d a p e n y i d i k ( d a l a m h a l i n i , U U P K t i d a k

m e n g g u n a k a n k a t a " d a p a t " s e h i n g g a b e r a r t i m e n u t u p a l t e m a t i f u n t u k t i d a k

m e n y e r a h k a n k a s u s i t u k e p a d a p e n y i d i k ) .

K e m b a l i t i m b u l k e n m e u a n t e n t a n g k a t a " f i n a l " d a n " m e n g i k a t " t a d i .

P e r t a m a d e n g a n d i b u k a n y a k e s e m p a t a n m e n g a j u k a n " k e b e r a t a n " d a p a t l a h

41

d i s i m p u l k a n b a h w a p u t u s a n B P S K i t u m a s i h b e l u m f i n a l . S e m e n t a r a k a t a

" m e n g i k a t " d i l a i s i r k a n s e b a g a i " h a r u s d i j a l a n k a n " o l e h p i h a k y a n g d i w a j i b k a n

u n t u k i t u . . l i k a t i d a k d i j a l a n k a n , m a k a p u t u s a n n y a a k a n d i j a d i k a n b u k t i

p e n y i d i k a n . M u n c u l p e r t a n y a a n l e b i h l a n j u t . a p a k a h d e n g a n d e m i k i a n p e r k a r a

y a n g b a r a n g k a l i s e m u l a b e r s i f a t m u m i p e r d a t a i t u s e r t a m e r t a d a p a l d i u b a h k a n

m e n j a d i k a s u s p i d a n a .

K a t a " f i n a l " d a i a m P a s a l 5 4 a y a t ( 3 ) U U P K d i a t a s j u g a d i p e r t a n y a k a n

k a r e n a k o n t r a d i k s i d e n g a n P a s a l 5 8 U U P K .

P e r t a m a . d i k a t a k a n j i k a a d a k e b e r a t a n a tas p u t u s a n B P S K , m a k a

p e n g a d i l a n n e g e r i y a n g d i i i m p a h k a n p e r k a r a i n i w a j i b m e n j a t u h k a n p u t u s a n

p a l i n g l a m b a t 2 1 h a r i s e j a k d i t e r i m a n y a k e b e r a t a n . f e n t u s a j a b a t a s a n w a k t u i n i

a k a n m e m h e r i k a n b e b a n y a n g l i d a k k e e l ! b a g i p e n g a d i l a n n e g e r i k i t a , m e n g i n g a t

s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n i t u s e n d i r i m u n g k i n s e k a l i s a n g a t k o m p l e k s d a n p e r l u

p e n g k a j i a n l e b i h t e l i t i o l e h h a k i m .

K e d u a , j i k a p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n n e g e r i i i u t i d a k d i t e r i m a o l e h s a l a h s a t u

p i h a k a t a u p a r a p i h a k , m a k a m a s i h d i b u k a k e s e m p a t a n m e n g a j u k a n k a s a s i k e

M a h k a m a h A g u n g d a l a m w a k t u 1 4 h a r i . U n t u k i t u , M a h k a m a h A g u n g w a j i b

m e n g e l u a r k a n p u t u s a n d a l a m w a k t u 3 0 h a i i s e j a k m e n e r i m a p e r m o h o n a n k a s a s i .

B a t a s a n - b a t a s a n w a k t u y a n g d i u a n g k a p k a n d i a l a s , t e r k e s a n s a n g a t

o p t i m i s , s e k a l i p u n b o l e h j a d i t i d a k r e a l i s t i s k a r e n a b e b a n k e r j a y a n g d i i i m p a h k a n

k e p a d a b a d a n - b a d a n p e n g a d i l a n k i t a m e m a n g s a n g a t b e r a t . P e n u m p u k a n p e r k a r a

d i M a h k a m a h A g u n g s a n g a t l u a r b i a s a , s e h i n g g a r a s a n y a s u l i t j i k a p a r a U a k i m

A g u n g d i S a n a m a s i h d i b e b a n i b a t a s w a k t u y a n g d e m k i a n .

4 2

J i k a p e l a k u a s a h a d a p a t m e n e r i m a p u t u s a n B P S K . m a k a i a d i b e r i w a k t u

t u j u h h a r i s e j a k m e n e r i m a p u t u s a n i l u u n t u k m e l a k u k a n e k s e k i i s i . K e t e n i u a n P a s a l

5 6 a y a t ( 1 ) i n i a g a k " m e n g g a n g g u " k a r e n a p a d a a y a t b e r i k u t n y a p a r a p i h a k d i b e r i

w a k t u p u l a u n t u k m e n g a j u k a n k e b e r a t a n d a l a m w a k t u 14 h a r i . D a p a l d i b a y a n g k a n

j i k a a d a p e l a k u u s a h a m e n e r i m a p u t u s a n B P S K d a n m e l a k s a n a k a n n y a . n a m u n

m a s i h t e r b u k a b a g i p i h a k k o n s u m e n u n t u k m e n g a j u k a n k e b e r a t a n k e p a d a

P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i .

P o k o k p e r m a s a l a h a n l a i n b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n p e r s o n a l i a B P S K . S u s u n a n

k e a n g g o t a a n B P S K d i b e n t u k o l e h p e m e r i n t a h , d a l a m h a l i n i m e l a l u i k e p u t u s a n

m e n t e r i . S a t u h a l y a n g l u a r b i a s a , B P S K i n i a d a d i w i l a y a h d a e r a h t i n g k a t I I d a n

s e m u a p e n g a n g k a t a n e n g g o t a n y a h a r u s d e n g a n k e p u t u s a n m e n t e r i . D a p a t

d i b a y a n g k a n b e r a p a b a n y a k k e p u l u . s a n m e n t e r i h a r u s d i k e i u a r k a n u n t u k i t u s e m u a ,

a p a l a g i d a p a t d i d u g a b a h w a m a s a j a b a t a n s e o r a n g B P S K i n i p u n t e r b a t a s .

A l a p g k a h b a i k n y a , d a l a m k e p u t u s a n m e n t e r i y a n g m e n i n d a k l a n j u t i p e n g a t u r a n

t e n t a n g B P S K i n i n a n t i d i a t u r m e k a n i s m e p e n g a n g k a t a n d a n p e m b e r h e n t i a n

a n g g o t a B P S K y a n g l e b i h b a i k .

D a l a m P a s a l 4 9 U U P K d i s e b u t k a n s y a r a t - s y a r a t u n t u k m e j a d i a n g g o t a

B P S K , y a i t u :

1. W a r g a N e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a 2 . B e r b a d a n s e h a t 3 . B e r k e l a k u a n b a i k 4 . T i d a k p e r n a h d i h u k u m k a r e n a k e j a h a t a n 5 . M e m i l i k i p e n g e t a h u a n .serta p e n g a l a m a n d i b i d a n g p e r l i n d u n g a n

k o n s u m e n 6 . B e r u s i a s e k u r a n g - k u r a n g n y a 3 0 t a h u n .

43

B e r b e d a d e n g a n B a d a n P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n N a s i o n a l y a n g b e r s k a l a

n a s i o n a l d a n n i c l i b a t k a n b a n y a k u n s u r d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t . p a d a l i P S K

k e a n g g o t a a n n y a h a n y a b e r a s a l d a r i l i g a u n s u r . y a i t u p e m e r i n t a h a n . k o n s u m e n d a n

p e l a k u u s a h a . S e t i a p u n s u r t e r d i r i d a r i m i n i m a l t i g a o r a n g d a n m a k s i m a l 5 o r a n g .

A r t i n y a d a i a m .satu p e n g a n g k a t a n B P S K t i a p D a e r a h l i n g k a t I I a k a n d i a n g k a t

( i n g g o l a a n t a r a 9 o r a n g a m p a i 15 o r a n g . . l u m l a h i l u d i l u a r k e p a l a s e k r e t a r i a t d a n

a n g g o t a s e k r e t a r i a t y a n g b e r t u g a s m c m ' o a n l u t u g a s - t u g a s B I * S K .

S e t i a p k a s u s s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n d i s e l e s a i k a n k o n . s u m e n d e n g a n

m e m b e n i u k m a j e l i s , y a n g b e r j u m i a h g a n j i l , t e r d i r i d a r i m i n i m a l t i g a o r a n g

m e w a k i l i s e m u a u n s u r . M e r e k a a k a n m e n a n g a n i d a n m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e n g k e t a

k o n . s u m e n i t u m e l a l u i j a l a n m e d i a s i . i i r b i t r a s e a t a u k o n s i l i a s i . J u m l a h m i n i m a l t i g a

o r a n g i t u m a s i h d i t a m b a h d e n g a n b a n t u a n s e o r a n g p a n i t e r a . N a m u n d a l a m U U P K

t i d a k d i j e l a s k a n a p a k a h p a n i t e r a i n i d i a m b i l d a r i a n g g o t a B P S K a t a u d a r i l u a r

B P S K .

D i l u a r t u g a s p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a i n i , P a s a l 5 2 U U P K j u g a m e n e l a p k a n

t u g a s d a n w e w e n a n g B P S K , y a i t u :

1 . M e m h e r i k a n k o n s u l t a s i p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n 2 . M e l a k u k a n p e n g a w a s a n t e r h a d a p p e n c a n t u m a n k l a u s u l a b a k u 3 . M e l a p o r k a n k e p a d a p e n y i d i k u m u m j i k a t e r j a d i p e l a n g g a r a n k e t e n t u a n

d a l a m U U P K 4. M e n e r i m a p c n g a d u a n b a i k t e r t u l i s m a u p u n t i d a k t e r t u l i s d a r i k o n s u m e n

t e n t a n g t e r j a d i n y a p e l a n g g a r a n t e r h a d a p p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n 5 . M e l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n d a n p e m e r i k s a a n s e n g k e t a p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n 6 . M e m a n g g i l p e l a k u u s a h a y a n g d i d u g a m e l a k u k a n p e l a n g g a r a n t e r h a d a p

p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n s u m e n 7 . M e m a n g g i l d a n m e n g h a d i r k a n s a k s i , s a k s i a h l i / s e t i a p o r a n g y a n g d i a n g g a p

m c n g e t a h u i p e l a n g g a r a n t c r h a d a p U U P K 8. M e n e r i m a b a n t u a n p e n y i d i k u n t u k m e n g h a d i r k a n p e l a k u u s a h a , s a k s i ,

s a k s i a h l i a l a u s e t i a p o r a n g y a n g t i d a k b e r s e d i a m e m e n u h i p a n g g i l a n B P S K

44

9 . M e n d a p a t k a n , m e n e i i t i a t a u m e n i l a i s u r a t . d o k u m e n a t a u a l a t b u k t i l a i n g u n a p e n y e l i d i k a n a l a u p e m e r i k s a a n

1 0 . M e n c t a p k a n d a n m e m u t u s k a n a d a a t a u t i d a k n y a k e r u g i a n d i p i h a k k o n s u m e n

1 1 . M e m b e r i t a h u k a n p u t u s a n k e p a d a p e l a k u u s a h a y a n g m c l a k u k a n p e l a n g g a r a n t e r h a d a p p e r l i n d u n g a n k o n . s u m e n

1 2 . M e n j a t u h k a n s a n k s i a d m i n i s l r a s i k e p a d a p e l a k u u s a h a y a n g m c l a n g g a r k e t e n t u a n U U P K .

D e n g a n m e m p e r b a n d i n g k a n b o b o t t u g a s d a n w e w e n a n g y a n g d e m i k i a n

l u a s , s e r t a s y a r a t - s y a r a t u n t u k m e n j a d i a n g g o t a B P S K , p a t u t d i p e r t a n y a k a n a p a k a h

a d a o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g b e r k o m p e t e n u n t u k i t u d i s e t i a p w i l a y a h D a e r a h T i n g k a t T I .

T e r l e b i h - l e b i h l a g i u n t u k a n g g o t a y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i u n s u r k o n s u m e n , h a r u s

d i l a k u k a n s e i e k s i y a n g b e n a r - b e n a r m a t a n g . J i k a p e m e r i n t a h d i b e r i k e w e n a n g a n

p e n u h u n t u k m e n g a n g k a t d a n m e m b e r h e n t i k a n w a k i l - w a k i l k o n s u m e n i t u d a l a m

k e a n g g o t a a n B P S K . d i k h a w a t i r k a n a d a k e c e n d e m n g a n u n t u k t i d a k l a g i

m e m p e r c a y a i o b j e k l i v i t a s m e r e k a d a l a m m e m p e r j u a n g k a n k e p e n t i n g a n k o n s u m e n

t a t k a l a b e r s e n g k e t a d i B P S K .

B. Akibat Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Menurut Undang-

undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen

P e l a k u u s a h a d i a r t i k a n s e b a g a i s e t i a p o r a n g p e r o r a n g a n a t a u b a d a n u s a h a

b a i k y a n g b e r b e n t u k b a d a n h u k u m m a u p u n b u k a n b a d a n h u k u m y a n g d i d i r i k a n

d a n b e r k e d u d u k a n d i I n d o n e s i a b a i k s e d i r i m a u p u n b e r s a m a d e n g a n p e r j a n j i a n

m e n y e l e n g g a r a k a n k e g i a t a n u s a h a y a n g a r t i n y a b a h w a . p e l a k u u s a h a b e r j a n j i

45

u n l u k m e l a k s a n a k a n s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n u n t u k b e r b u a l s e s u a t u d a n p e r j a n j i a n u n t u k

t i d a k b e r h u a t s e s u a t u /

K e w a j i b a n p e l a k u u s a h a s e p e r t i d i a t u r d a l a m P a s a l 7 U n d a n g - u n d a n g

N o m o r 8 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n a d a l a h h a r u s m e l a k u k a n

s u a t u p e r i k a t a n , p e k e r j a a n d e n g a n i l i k a d b a i k a r t i n y a p e k e r j a a n t e r s e b u t

d i l a k s a n a k a n d e n g a n j u j u r d a n b e r s i h t a n p a m a k s u d u n t u k m e n i p u d a n m e l a n g g a r

n o r m a k a p a t u t a n s e r t a k e s u s i l a a n y a n g b e r i a k u d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t .

S e l a n j u l n y a m e n g e n a i p e l a k u u s a h a u n t u k t i d a k b e r b u a t s e s u a t u d a p a t

d i a r t i k a n b a h w a p e l a n g g a r a n b a g i p e l a k u u s a h a u n t u k m e l a k u k a n s u a t u p e r b u a t a n

s e p e r t i d i a t u r d a l a m P a s a l 8 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 .

B a g i p e l a k u u s a h a y a n g m e l a n g g a r p e r j a n j i a n u n t u k m e l a k u k a n s u a t u

p e k e r j a a n d a n m e l a n g g a r s u a t u p e l a n g g a r a n u n t u k t i d a k m e l a k u k a n s u a t u y a n g

d i a t u r d a l a m p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n a k a n m e n e r i m a a k i b a t h u k u m ( s a n k s i ) g a n t i

r u g i d a n s a n k s i p i d a n a s e r t a s a n k s i l a i n . S a n k s i a d m i n i s t r a s i b a g i p e l a k u u s a h a

y a n g m e l a n g g a r k e t e n t u a n P a s a l 1 9 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 a y a t ( 2 )

d a n a y a t ( 3 ) , P a s a l 2 5 d a n P a s a l 2 6 a d a l a h d a p a l d i k e n a k a n s a n k s i a d m i n i s t r a s i

y a n g d i t e t a p k a n o l e h B a d a n P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n . S a n k s i

a d m i n i s t r a s i b e r u p a p e n e t a p a n g a n t i r u g i p a l i n g b a n y a k R p 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 , - ( d u a

r a t u s j u t a r u p i a h ) .

S a n k s i p i d a n a d a p a t j u g a d i k e n a k a n p a d a p e l a k u u s a h a m e n u r u t U U P K ,

P a s a l 6 1 j i k a p e l a k u u s a h a d a n / a t a u p e n g u r u s n y a :

( I ) P e l a k u u s a h a y a n g m e l a n g g a r k e t e n t u a n s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d d a l a m P a s a l 8 , P a s a l 9 , P a s a l 1 0 , P a s a l 13 a y a t ( 2 ) , P a s a l 1 5 , P a s a l 17 a y a t ( 1 )

^*Ibid, h i m . 2 8

4 6

h u r u f a . h u r u f b , h u r u f c . h u r u f e. a y a t ( 2 ) , d a n P a s a l 1 8 d i p i d a n a d e n g a n p i d a n a p e n j a r a p a l i n g l a m a 5 ( l i m a ) t a h u n a t a u p i d a n a d e n d a p a l i n g b a n y a k R p 2 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . - ( d u a m i l i a r r u p i a h )

( 2 ) P e l a k u u s a h a y a n g m c l a n g g a r k e t e n t u a n s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d d a l a m Pa.sal I I , P a s a l 1 2 , P a s a l 13 a y a t ( 1 ) , Pa.sal 1 4 , P a s a l 1 6 , d a n P a s a l 17 a y a t ( 1 ) h u r u f d d a n h u r u l " f d i p i d a n a d e n g a n p i d a n a p e n j a r a p a l i n g l a m a 2 ( d u a ) t a h u n a t a u p i d a n a d e n d a p a l i n g b a n y a k R p 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 , - ( l i m a r a t u s j u t a r u p i a h )

( 3 ) T c r h a d a p p e l a n g g a r a n y a n g m e n g a k i b a t k a n l u k a b e r a t , s a k i l b e r a t , c a c a l t e t a p , a t a u k e m a t i a n d i b e r l a k u k a n k e t e n t u a n p i d a n a y a n g b e r i a k u .

T e r h a d a p s a n k s i p i d a n a s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d d a l a m P a s a l 6 2 U U P K

d a p a t d i j a t u h i h u k u m a n t a m b a h a n b e r u p a :

a. P e i a m p a s a n b a r a n g t e r t u d u h

b . P c n g u m u m a n p u t u s a h a k i m

c. P e m b a y a r a n g a n t i r u g i

d . P e r i n t a h p e n g h e n t i a n k e g i a t a n t e r t e n t u y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n l i m b u l n y a

k e r u g i a n k o n s u m e n

e. K e w a j i b a n p e n a r i k a n b a r a n g d a r i p e r c d a r a n

f. P c n c a b u t a n i z i n u s a h a .

A k i b a t h u k u m d a n / a t a u m a s a l a h a n t a r a k o n s u m e n d a n p e l a k u u s a h a ,

u m u m n y a t e r j a d i m e l a l u i s u a t u p e r i k a t a n . b a i k k a r e n a p e r j a n j i a n a t a u k a r e n a

u n d a n g - u n d a n g .

P e r a t u r a n y a n g d i p a k a i m a s y a r a k a t d a l a m m e l a k s a n a k a n p e r i k a t a n a t a u

p e r j a n j i a n d i a t t i r d a l a m K U H P e r d a t a B u k u k e I I I y a n g m e m p u n y a i s i s t e m

t e r b u k a . M e n u r u t P a s a l 1 3 1 3 K U H P e r d a t a , p e n g e r t i a n p e r j a n j i a n a d a l a h : " S u a t u

p e r j a n j i a n a d a l a h s u a t u p e r b u a t a n d e n g a n m a n a .sa lu o r a n g a t a u l e b i h m e n g i k a t k a n

d i r i n y a t e r h a d a p s a t u o r a n g a t a u l e b i h "

47

S e d a n g k a n M . Y a h y a H a r a h a p m e n g a t a k a n : " P e r j a n j i a n a d a l a h s u a t u

h u b u n g a n h u k u m k e k a y a a n a t a u h a r t a b e n d a a n t a r a d u a o r a n g a t a u l e b i h . y a n g

m e m h e r i k a n k e k u a t a n h a k p a d a s a t u p i h a k u n l u k m e m p e r o l e h p r e s t a s i d a n

s e k a i i g u s m e w a j i b k a n p a d a p i h a k I a i n u n t u k m e n u n a i k a n p res ta s i " . " ' ^

D a r i a p a y a n g l e l a h d i u r a i k a n d i a t a s , m a k a d a p a l d i s i m p u l k a n b a h w a

p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n t i d a k t e r l e p a s d a r i i t i k a d b a i k k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k ,

s e h i n g g a m e n g i k a t b a g a i k a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g b a g i y a n g m e m b u a t n y a .

M. Yahya Harahap, Segi-segi H u k u m P e r j a n j i a n , Alumni, Bandung, 1993, him. 6

BAB. IV

P E N U T U P

B e r d a s a r k a n u r a i a n p a d a b a b - b a b t e r d a h u l u , l e r u i a m a y a n g b e r s a n g k u t

p a u t d e n g a n p e r m a s a l a h a n . m a k a d a p a t d i t a r i k k e s i m p u l a n d a n s a r a n - s a r a n

s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

A . Kesimpulan

1 . P r o s e d u r p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n d e n g a n p e l a k u u s a h a

m e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 i a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g

P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n a d a l a h : D a p a l d i l a k u k a n m e l a l u i b a d a n

p e r a d i i a n , s e p e r t i : p e r a d i i a n u m u m , p e r a d i i a n t a t a u s a h a n e g a r a

d a n d a p a t j u g a d i l a k u k a n d i l u a r p e n g a d i l a n m e l a l u i B a d a n

P e n y e l e s a i a n S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n ( B P S K ) , d a n p u t u s a n m a j e l i s

B P S K i t u b e r s i f a t final d a n m e n g i k a t y a n g d i a r t i k a n t i d a k a d a n y a

u p a y a h u k u m b a n d i n g d a n k a s a s i .

2 . A k i b a t h u k u m p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a k o n s u m e n a d a l a h : B a h w a

k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k h a r u s m e m a t u h i p u l u s a n m a j e l i s B P S K y a n g

d a p a t b e r u p a s a n k s i a d m i n i s t r a s t i f b e r u p a p e n e t a p a n g a n t i r u g i

p a l i n g b a n y a k R p 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 , - ( d u a r a t u s j u t a r u p i a h ) d a n s a n k s i

p i d a n a p e n j a r a p a l i n g l a m a 5 ( l i m a ) t a h u n a t a u p i d a n a d e n d a p a l i n g

b a n y a k R p 2 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 , - ( d u a m i l i a r r u p i a h ) .

48

49

B. Saran-saran

1 . D i s a r a n k a n t e r h a d a p p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a a n t a r a k o n s u m e n d e n g a n

p e l a k u u s a h a d a p a t d i s e l e s a i k a n h a n y a m e l a l u i B a d a n P e n y e l s a i a n

S e n g k e t a K o n s u m e n ( B P S K ) a g a r p e n y e l e s i a n n y a l e h i h s e d e r h a n a , c e p a t

d a n b i a y a r i n g a n . N a m u n u n t u k e k s e k u s i n y a t e t a p m e m i n t a b a n t u a n

l e m b a g a p e r a d i i a n .

2 . D i s a r a n k a n s u p a y a s a n k s i t e r h a d a p p e l a k u u s a h a l e b i h d i p e r b e r a t , a g a r

d a p a t m e n i m b u l k a n e f e k jera.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

A h m a d i M i r u & S u l a r m a n Y o d o , Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen, R a j a G r a f i n d o P e r s a d a . J a k a r t a , 2 0 0 7

B a m b a n g S u n g g o n o , Metode Penelitian Hukum, R a j a G r a f i n d o P e r s a d a , J a k a r t a , 1 9 9 7

C e l i n a T r i S i w i K r i s t i y a n t i , Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen. S i n a r G r a f i k a . J a k a r t a , 2 0 0 8

G u n a w a n W i j a y a d a n A h m a d Y a n i , Hukum Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, G r a m e d i a P u s t a k a U t a m a , J a k a r t a , 2 0 0 0

H a r a h a p M . Y a h y a , Segi-segi Hukum Perjanjian, A l u m n i , B a n d u n g , 1 9 9 3

M a r i a m D a r u s B a d r u l z a m a n . Perlindungan Konsumen Dilihat Dari Sudut Perjanjian Baku (Standart), i i i n a C i p t a , B a n d u n g , 1 9 8 6

N a s u t i o n . A Z , Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen. T a r a w a n g P r e s s , Y o g y a k a r t a , 2 0 0 1

R o z a l i A b d u l l a h , Hukum Acara Peradiian Tata Usaha Negara, R a j a G r a f i n d o P u s t a k a , J a k a r t a , 1 9 9 1

R . S u b e k t i , Hukum Perjanjian. I n t e r m a s a , J a k a r t a , 1 9 9 1

S a t j i p t o R a h a r j o , Hukum dan Masyarakat, A n g k a s a , B a n d u n g , 1 9 8 6

S h i d a r t a , Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Indonesia, G r a s i n d o . J a k a r t a , 2 0 0 0

Y u s u f S h o f i e , Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Menurut Undang-undang Perlindungan Konsumen, Teori & Praktek Penegakan Hukum, C i t r a A d i t y a B a k t i , B a n d u n g , 2 0 0 3

U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n

K O N S U L T A S I K E

M A T E R I Y A N G D I B I M B I N G K A N

P A R A F P E M B I M B I N G

/ ^ - ^ ^ f^ f / '

'<A Jf

A fl

N/ / / y

y x

z

/.

K E T E R A N C i A N

C A T A T A N :

M O H O N D I B E R I W A K T U M E N Y E L E S A I K A N S K R I P S I B U L A N S E J A K T A N G G A L D I K E L U A R K A N D I T E T A P K A N

D I K E L U A R K . A N D I P A L E M B A N G P A D A T A N G G A L f K E T U A B A G I A N .

M U L \ A D I T A N Z I L I . S H . M H

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG FAKULTAS HUKUM

REKOMENDASI DAN PEMBIMBING SKRIPSI

N a m a N i m P r o g r a m S t u d y P r o g r a m K e k h u s u s a n J u d u l S k r i p s i

; R a h m a t 5 0 2 0 1 1 3 5 3 I l m u H u k u m H u k u m P e r d a t a P r o s e d u r p e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a d e n g a n p e l a k u u s a h a d a n a k i b a t m e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r

k o n s u m e n h u k u m n y a

8 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n l a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n K o n s u m e n

I. Rekomendasi Ketua Bagian

a R e k o m c n d a s a i

b . U s u l a n P e m b i m b i n g

: H u k u m P e r d a t a

f - { i ( R f f l / J ^ / &yifC£of^. - / > z - Q ^ A ^ 2 .

P a l e m b a n g , , ^ S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 4 K c t i i a Bag«in,

M u y a d i T a n z i l i , S H . , M . H

II . Penetapan Pembimbing Skripsi Oleh Wakil Dckan. I

2

SURAT PERNYATAAN

Y a n g b e i t a n d a t a n g a n d i b a w a h i n i :

N a m a K a h n i a l

N I M 5 0 2 0 1 1 3 5 3

P r o g r a m S t u d y I l m u I l u k u m

P r o g r a m K e k h u s u s a n : H u k u m P e r d a t a

M e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s k r i p s i y a n g b e r j u d u l :

" P R O S E D U R P E N Y E L E S A I A N S E N G K E T A K O N S U M E N D E N G A N

P E L A K U U S A H A D A N A K I B A T H U K U M N Y A M E N U R U T

U N D A N G - U N D A N G N O M O R 8 T A H U N 1 9 9 9 T E N T A N G

P E R L I N D U N G A N K O N S U M E N "

A d a l a h b u k a n m e r u p a k a n k a r y a t u l i s o r a n g l a i n , k e c u a l i d a l a m b e n t u k

k u t i p a n y a n g t e l a h s a y a s e b u t k a n s u m b e m y a . A p a b i l a p e m y a t a a n i n i t i d a k

b e n a r m a k a s a y a b e r s e d i a m e n d a p a t k a n s a n k s i a k a d e m i k .

D e m i k i a n l a h p e m y a t a a n i n i s a y a b u a t d e n g a n s e b e n a r - b e n a m y a .

P a l e m b a n g , P e b r u a r i 2 0 1 5

Y a n g m e n y a t a k a n .