ES-332-EM

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 7/21/2019 ES-332-EM

    1/6

    7

    J

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj7

  • 7/21/2019 ES-332-EM

    2/6

    5

    JGjswar tna `hkkhwbjl quastbhjs

    W. 7. Axpkgbj tna fngrgftarbstbfs h` nuogjbstbf gpprhgfn th kagrjbjl gji ibsfuss tna bophrtgjfa h` sak`

    bj tna nuogjbstbf gpprhgfn.

    Gjs. Nuogjbstbf gpprhgfn th kagrjbjl bs fhjfarjai wbtn nuogjs gji tnabr wak`gra. Nuogjbsts eakbava tngt

    kagrjbjl bs ujbqua `hr avary bjibvbiugk. Ynbs gpprhgfn `hfusas hj jaw bjibvbiugks fgj gttgbj tnabr phtajtbgk gji tnabr

    lragtast sgtbs`gftbhj.

    Nuogjbstbf gpprhgfn givhfgtas tngt nuogj eabjls phssas tna gebkbty th tgda tnabr hwj iafbsbhjs gji shkva

    prhekaos usbjl ragshjbjl, fhurgla, vbsbhj atf. Ynus, kagrjbjl snhuki jht ea bophsai hj gjyehiy. Bt bs bjavbtgeka.

    Fhjfapt h` Nuogjbstbf Gpprhgfn th Kagrjbjl

    Yna taro nuogjbstbf ngs bts hrblbj bj Kgtbj whri nhoh oagjbjl nuogj. Ynus nuogj eabjls gji tnabr wak`gra

    `hro tna fajtar hr `hros h` nuogjbstbf gpprhgfn th kagrjbjl.

    Fngrgftarbstbfs h` Nuogjbstbf Gpprhgfn th Kagrjbjl Ynbs gpprhgfn ngs nuogj wak`gra gs bts `hfus.

    Bt aopngsbzas h` sak`-ohtbvgtbhj hr kagrjbjl sh gs th ogda tna kagrjar bjiapajiajt.

    Bt hfusas hj kagvbjl wbtn axtarjgk prassuras gji wbtn bjjar pagfa, khva gji raaiho.

    Bt eakbavas tngt kagrjbjl bs jaai egsai, eut tna jaais snhuki ea h` nblnar kavak kbda sak`-gftugkbzgtbhj rgtnar

    tngj ohjay, wagktn.

    Fhjtrbeutbhj h` Ssyfnhkhlbsts

    Yhwgris Nuogjbstbf Ssyfnhkhly

    Ynara gra vgrbhus psyfnhkhlbsts wnh ngva fhjtrbeutai booajsaky th nuogjbstbf psyfnhkhly. Vhoa h` tnabr

    tnahrbas gra ibsfussai eakhw=

    Ogskhws Ynahry= Na eakbavai tngt nuogj axbstajfa iapajis hj tna `uk`bkoajt h` fartgbj iasbras gji wgjts

    wnbfn na taroai gs jaais. Na ngs lbvaj g nbargrfny h` nuogj jaais gs lbvaj eakhw stgrbjl rho khwar kavak jaaisth nblnar kavak jaais.

    Snysbhkhlbfgk jaais sufn gs `hhi, skaap, sax atf.

    Vg`aty jaais

    Jaai `hr eakhjlbjljass sufn gs khva

    Jaai hr prastbla sufn gs rawgris, rafhljbtbhj

    Jaai hr sak`-gftugkbzgtbhj

    Ynus kagrjbjl bjvhkvas sgtbgtbhj h` tnasa jaais gffhribjl th axparbajfa gji axphsura h` bjibvbiugk na givhfgtai

    tnraa oatnhis h` kagrjbjl=

    GVVBLJOAJY VHKQYBHJV LQBIA (5379-5371)

    A.V.-665

    Ssyfnhkhly h` Kagrjbjlgji IavakhpoajtIbsfkgboar/Vpafbgk Jhta=Ynasa gra must tna sgopka h` tna Gjswars/Vhkutbhjs th shoa h` tna Wuastbhjs lbvaj bj tna

    Gssbljoajts. Ynasa Vgopka Gjswars/Vhkutbhjs gra prapgrai ey Srbvgta Yagfnar/Yuthrs/Gunthrs hr tna nakp gji Lubigjfa

    h` tna stuiajt th lat gj biag h` nhw na/sna fgj gjswar tna Wuastbhjs h` tna Gssbljoajts. \a ih jht fkgbo 733% Gffurgfy

    h` tnasa sgopka Gjswars gs tnasa gra egsai hj tna djhwkaila gji fgegebkbty h` Srbvgta Yagfnar/Yuthr. Vgopka gjswars

    ogy ea saaj gs tna Lubia/Nakp Ehhd hr tna ra`arajfa th prapgra tna gjswars h` tna Wuastbhj lbvaj bj tna gssbljoajt. Gs

    tnasa shkutbhjs gji gjswars gra prapgrai ey tna prbvgta tagfnar/tuthr sh tna fngjfas h` arrhr hr obstgda fgjjht ea iajbai.

    Gjy Hobssbhj hr Arrhr bs nblnky ralrattai tnhuln avary fgra ngs eaaj tgdaj wnbka prapgrbjl tnasa Vgopka Gjswars/

    Vhkutbhjs. Skagsa fhjsukt yhur hwj Yagfnar/Yuthr ea`hra yhu prapgra g Sgrtbfukgr Gjswar & `hr upthigta gji axgft

    bj`hrogtbhj, igtg gji shkutbhj. Vtuiajt snhuki oust ragi gji ra`ar tna h``bfbgk stuiy ogtarbgk prhvbiai ey tna ujbvarsbty.

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj5

  • 7/21/2019 ES-332-EM

    3/6

    6

    J

    Vuemaftbva hr hj tna egsbs h` sak`-axparbajfas.

    Hemaftbva hr hj tna egsbs h` axtarjgk axparbajfas.

    Bjtarparshjgk hr ey hesarvbjl htnars.

    Fgrk Uhlars Ynahry=Vak` gji nuogj axparbajfas gra tna fajtra h` nbs tnahry. Gffhribjl th nbo kagrjbjl

    tgdas pkgfa bj gj bjibvbiugk gs g rasukt h` nbs bjtargftbhj wbtn tna axtarjgk ajvbrhjoajt egsai hj nbs bjtarjgk axparbajfas.

    Ynus tna bjtargftbhjs tgda pkgfa eatwaaj tna nuogj eabjl, nbs vgkuas, pgst axparbajfas, gbos atf.

    Ib``arajt bjibvbiugks ngva ib``arajt bjtargftbhjs. Nhwavar wnaj tnasa bjtargftbhjs gra phsbtbva tnay nakp tna

    bjibvbiugk bj eafhobjl g eattar kagrjar gji g wakk gimustai parshj.

    Aiufgtbhjgk Bopkbfgtbhjs

    Yna ogbj bopkbfgtbhjs h` nuogjbstbf gpprhgfnas gra=

    Skgfa h` fnbki bj tagfnbjl-kagrjbjl=Bt bs g fnbki-fajtrai gpprhgfn gji `hfusas hj tna `gft tngt bj hriar th

    tagfn tna fnbki, bt bs vary bophrtgjt th ujiarstgji nbs gebkbtbas, gptbtuias, bjtarasts, gji tnaj tagfn tna fnbki ey

    usbjl g subtgeka tagfnbjl oatnhi.

    Aopngsbs hj bjibvbiugkbty=Ynbs gpprhgfn nblnkblnts tngt gkk nuogj eabjls gra ujbqua gji ngva bjibvbiugk

    ib``arajfas bj taros h` fngrgf-tarbstbfs, axparbajfas, gebkbtbas atf.

    Oatnhi h` tagfnbjl= Ynbs gpprhgfn givhfgtas gj gftbva gji bjtargftbva oatnhi h` tagfnbjl- kagrjbjl wnara

    kagrjars oajtgk ragibjass gji ohtbvgtbhj snhuki ea tgdaj bjth fhjsbiargtbhj.

    Ibsfbpkbja=Ynbs gpprhgfn aopngsbzas sak`-ibsfbpkbja tngj axtarjgk fhjtrhk.

    Uhka h` tagfnar= Yagfnar pkgys g vary bophrtgjt rhka gs g lubia, `gfbkbtgthr gji g `rbaji bj tna prhfass h`

    hvargkk iavakhpoajt h` tna fnbki.

    Nuogjbstbf gpprhgfn pkgfas g rasphjsbebkbty hj tna tagfnar th ih tna `hkkhwbjl=

    Yagfnars snhuki `hfus hj ohtbvgtbhjgk kagrjbjl.

    Yagfnars snhuki daap bj obji tngt agfn fnbki bs ujbqua gji fgj `aak gji tnbjd gji ngs nbs hwj sat h` vgkuas

    gji axparbajfas.

    Yagfnars snhuki usa ibsfussbhj gji htnar bjtargftbva oatnhis h` kagrjbjl.

    Yagfnars snhuki lbva tna stuiajts raaiho th ogda hwj iafbsbhjs gji fnhbfas gji gttgfn tnabr hwj oagjbjl

    th kagrjbjl.

    Yagfnars snhuki lbva tna stuiajts raaiho th ogda hwj iafbsbhjs gji fnhbfas gji gttgfn tnabr hwj oagjbjl

    th kagrjbjl.

    Yagfnars snhuki ea aopgtnatbf gji ujiarstgji tnbjls `rho stuiajts phbjt h` vbaw.

    Kbobtgtbhjs h` Nuogjbstbf Gpprhgfn

    Ynbs gpprhgfn bs frbtbfbzai gs eabjl thh oufn fhoohj sajsa gji thh kbttka sfbajfa. Bt `hfusas thh oufn hj

    bjibvbiugk ib` arajfas gji fgtarbjl th jaais h` agfn bjibvbiugk wnbfn gt tboas bs jht phssbeka bj g ebl lrhup. Bt kgys

    g kht h` aopngsbs hj gftbva kagrjbjl. Nhwavar, hja fgjjht wrbta h` tna eaja`bts h` kaftura oatnhi h` tagfnbjl tnhuln

    bt bjvhkvas pgssbva kagrjbjl.

    Vak` gji nuogj axparbajfas gra tna fajtra h` Fgrk Uhlars tnahry wnh bs g `gohus nuogjbst psyfnhkhlbst. Nbs

    prhphsbtbhj wgs tngt kagrjbjl tgdas pkgfa bj gj bjibvbiugk bj hriar th gftugkbsa, ogbjtgbj gji ajngjfa nbs/nar sak`.

    Ynus tna bjtargftbhjs tngt tgda pkgfa eatwaaj tna nuogj eabjl, nbs vgkuas, pgst axparbajfas, gbos, gji tna

    axtarjgk ajvbrhjoajt, gkk gbo gt ogdbjl tna sak` eattar.

    Ib``arajt bjibvbiugks ngva ib``arajt bjtargftbhjs. Nhwavar wnaj tnasa bjtargftbhjs gra phsbtbva tnay nakp tna

    bjibvbiugk bj eafhobjl g eattar kagrjar gji g wakk gimustai parshj.

    W. 5. Ibsfuss tna bj`kuajfa h` ajvbrhjoajt hj bjibvbiugk ib``arajfas.Gjs. Jhw wa wbkk ibsfuss nhw ajvbrhjoajtgk `gfthrs rasukt bj bjibvbiugk ib``arajfas. \a djhw tngt tna

    ajvbrhjoajt h` g fnbki g``afts nbs uperbjlbjl gji parshjgkbty. Nhwavar wa jaai th ujiarstgji tngt ajvbrhjoajt

    ihas jht sbopky oagj hemafts grhuji g fnbki. Ssyfnhkhlbfgkky, bt oagjs tnhsa hemafts wnbfn gft gs stboukb gji

    ibraftky g``aft g fnbkis pnysbfgk gji oajtgk lrhwtn gji axparbajfas wnbka lrhwbjl up. Ynus twh fnbkiraj ehrj bj tna

    sgoa gobky ogy ngva vary ib``arajt ajvbrhjoajt iapajibjl hj tragtoajt gji axpaftgtbhjs h` pgrajt. Vtuibas ngva

    snhwj tngt avaj pra-jgtgk ajvbrhjoajt wnbfn bjfkuias ibat tna ohtnar ngs tgdaj nar oajtgk stgtus atf. bj`kuajfa tna

    iavakhpoajt h` fnbki bj ohtnars whoe.

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj6

  • 7/21/2019 ES-332-EM

    4/6

    9

    J

    Ajvbrhjoajt gji Bjibvbiugk Ib``arajfas

    Vavargk stuibas gji axparboajts ngva eaaj ihja th bji hut nhw ajvbrhjoajt fgusas bjibvbiugk ib``arajfas.

    Gohjl tnasa, tna stuibas ihja hj biajtbfgk twbjs gra ohst sbljb`bfgjt. Ynbs bs eafgusa bj fgsa h` biajtbfgk twbjs

    lajatbf `gfthrs gra rukai hut eafgusa ehtn tna twbjs lat sgoa sat h` lajas `rho tna pgrajts.

    Uasagrfn ey Jawogj, @raaogj gji Nhkzbjlar (726) fhjiuftai g stuiy h` twh lrhups h` fnbkiraj h` sgoa gla gji sax gji kbvbjl bj sbobkgr khfgkbtbas wbtn g

    ib``arajfa tngt hja lrhup wgs h` gihptai fnbkiraj gji gjhtnar h` hstar nhoas. Vna fhjfkuiai tngt tnara wgs ohiargta

    bjfragsa bj bjtakkb-lajfa kavak h` gihptai fnbkiraj. Nhwavar, suparbhr naraibty gji suparbhr ajvbrhjoajt ia`bjbtaky

    kagis th g ogrdai bjfragsa bj bjtakkblajfa kavak.

    Vhoa Ohra Uasagrfn @bjibjls

    Vhoa ohra rasagrfn stuibas fhjfkuiai gt Qjbvarsbty h` Bhwg ngs fngkkajlai tna rasukt h` tna stuibas h` Eurds

    (7261) gji htnar psyfnhkhlbsts. Yna jaw stuibas fhjfkuia tngj ajvbrhjoajt ngs g kgrla bj`kuajfa hj tna BW h`

    fnbkiraj. Vuparbhr ajvbrhjoajt kagis th eattar BW. Ajvbrhjoajt fhjsbsts h` g ouktbpkbfbty h` gfthr. Hja h` tna gfthrs

    jutrbtbhj pkgys g vary bophrtgjt rhka bj sngpbjl g fnbkis BW gji parshjgkbty. Ogkjutrbtbhj gji g ibat kgfdbjl bj

    prhtabjs gji vbtgobjs fgj givarsaky g``aft tna pnysbfgk gji oajtgk iavakhpoajt h` fnbki. Yngt bs wny hur lhvarjoajt

    ngs stgrtai obi-igy oagk prhlrgooas bj lhvarjoajt sfnhhks sh tngt fnbkiraj rho phhr gobkbas fgj lat hja tboa

    prhpar oagk iurbjl tna igy. Ynbs ngs gksh gttrgftai ogjy phhr fnbkiraj th sfnhhks gji boprhvai gttajigjfa gt

    sfnhhk.

    Ssyfnhkhlbsts kbda Ekhho gji Igvbi Drafn ngva aopngsbzai tngt th ajsura prhpar bjtakkaftugk iavakhp-oajt h`

    fnbki4 na snhuki ea lbvaj g kht stboukus rho tna ajvbrhjoajt. Yna ohra gra tna stboukus lbvaj th fnbki, tna ohra nbs

    ergbj iavakhps.

    Ourkbingrgj gji Vrbvgstgvg fhjfkuiai tngt tna saraja gji fgko ajvbrhjoajt h` Nbjiu taopkas ngi g phsbtbva

    bopgft h` fhljbtbva iavakhpoajt h` fnbkiraj kbvbjl jagr sufn taopkas.

    Iasngji dggkhr tboa gji pkgfa gra twh bophrtgjt gfthrs wnbfn bj`kuajfa tna parshjgkbty gji hvargkk iavakhpoajt

    h` gj bjibvbiugk.

    Yna pkgfa wnara gj bjibvbiugk kbvas bj`kuajfas nbs eangvbhurs. @hr axgopka, g fnbki eangvas vary ib``arajtky gt

    sfnhhk, nhoa gji bj pkgy lrhup. Vbobkgrky dggkhr tboa gksh ngs gj bopgft hj tna bjtakkaftugk iavakhpoajt h` gj

    bjibvbiugk. Yna rgta h` oajtgk gji bjtakkaftugk iavakhpoajt bs tna nblnast iurbjl fnbkinhhi.

    W. 6. Biajtb`y tna `hkkhwbjl fgtalhrbas h` spafbgk jaais stuiajts bj yhur sfnhhk gji bkkustrgta tna strgtalbas

    yhu gihpt th oaat tnabr shfbgk, psyfnhkhlbfgk gji aiufgtbhjgk jaais.

    (g)stuiajt wbtn kagrjbjl ibsgebkbty

    Gjs. Yagfnbjl Vtuiajts wbtn Khw Oajtgk Gebkbty= Vufn stuiajts snhuki ea tgulnt gjy tgsd hr taxt vary skhwkygji tngt thh ey rapatbtbhjs. Ynay snhuki ea lbvaj booaibgta rawgris th ajfhurgla tnao. Yna furrbfukuo jaais th ea

    tgulnt bj bjtarastbjl ogjjar sh tngt tnay fgj lgbj tna ogxbouo bj snhrt spgj h` gttajtbhj.

    Vtuiajts wbtn Kagrjbjl Ibsgebkbty

    G tagfnar gt tboas ogy fhoa gfrhss stuiajts wbtn spafb`bf kagrjbjl prhekaos sufn gs ragibjl, wrbtbjl, spakkbjl

    hr grbtnoatbf. Ynbs bs eafgusa h` ib``bfuktbas bj hja hr ohra psyfnhkhlbfgk prhfassas bjvhkvai bj kagrjbjl. Vhoa h`

    tnasa prhekaos gra gpngsbg(ib``bfukty bj lrgspbjl sphdaj kgjlugla), ib`kasbg(ib``bfukty bj ragibjl), nyparkaxbg

    (kbttka hr jh fhopranajsbhj) iysfgkfukbg(ib``bfukty bj ihbjl grbtnoatbf) gji iyslrgpnbs (ib``bfukty bj wrbtbjl).

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj9

  • 7/21/2019 ES-332-EM

    5/6

    1

    J

    Vhoa syopthos h` sufn kagrjbjl ibsgebkbty gra wrbtbjl pgt bjstagi h` tgp hr 75 bjstagi h` 57 jht eabjl geka

    th mhbj gkpngeat shujis th ragi whris, phhr par`hrogjfa bj axgobjgtbhj. Ynay gra jhrogk gs gehva gvargla bj

    bjtakkblajfa. Vhoa gra nypargftbva, bjgttaj-tbva gji eangva bopuksbva. Ynay `hkkhw bjstruftbhjs phhrky gji ih jht

    h`taj fhopkata tna gssbljai tgsds.

    Aiufgtbhj h` Vtuiajts wbtn Ibsgebkbty=Yna tagfnar snhuki prhvbia giibtbhjgk nakp gji gttajtbhj th tna spafb`bf

    ibsgebkbtbas h` sufn fnbkiraj bjstagi h` frbtbfbzbjl hr sfhkibjl tnao.

    (e)Afhjhobfgkky gji shfbgkky wagdar lbrk stuiajt

    Gjs. Vbjfa glas wa bji lajiar ebgsai gji ibsfrbobjgtbhj glgbjst whoaj pravgkajt bj hur shfbaty. Bt bs sh iaap

    rhhtai tngt bt ngs ngoparai tna iavakhpoajt h` whoaj. Vhoa axgopkas h` ibsfrbobjgtbhjs glgbjst whoaj gra=

    \hoaj gra fhjsbiarai th ea bjfgpgeka h` tgdbjl tnabr hwj iafbsbhjs.

    Ynay gra fhjsbiarai th ea pnysbfgkky gji oajtgkky kass fgpgeka bj fhopatbjl wbtn oaj bj grags kbda kagiarsnbp,

    ehkijass atf.

    Vhfbgk avbks kbda ihwry, prhstbtutbhj, fnbki ogrrbgla ngva gksh fhjtrbeutai bj ialrgibjl tna stgtus h` whoaj

    bj shfbaty.

    \bihws, spbjstar, bssuakass whoaj gra khhdai ihwj uphj bj hur shfbaty tnhuln tnbs bs jht tna fgsa wbtn

    oaj ngvbjl sbobkgr fngrgftarbstbfs.

    Uhkas h` oaj gji whoaj ngva eaaj rblbiky ia`bjai ey tna shfbaty. Oaj gra tna eragi wbjjars gji gra

    fhjsbiarai th ea tna ehss, wnarags whoaj gra axpaftai th khhd g`tar tna `gobky gji ea sueobssbva. Ynasa

    trgbts gra jurturai bj fnbkiraj sbjfa fnbkinhhi.

    Qj`hrtujgtaky hur taxtugk ogtarbgk gksh gllrgvgtas tna ibsfrbobjgtbhjs ey nblnkblntbjl ohra hj tna narhbf iaais

    h` oaj tngj whoaj gji gt tboas usbjl axprassbhjs kbda ihjt fry kbda lbrks wnbfn ialajargta tna stgtus h` whoaj.

    Yagfnars eangvbhur gt tboas gksh rabj`hrfas tna ibsfrbobjgtbhjs. Uaogrds pgssai ey tagfnars kbda ih jht eangva

    kbda lbrks bj g ehys fkgss fhjtrbeuta th tna ibsfrbobjgtbhj.

    G tagfnar fgj ih tna `hkkhwbjl th fragta g phsbtbva bogla h` lbrks=

    Axpkgbj tna bophrtgjfa h` lbrks aiufgtbhj aspafbgkky th pgrajts rho khw shfbh-afhjhobf gobkbas.

    Ajfhurgla lbrks bj tna fkgss th ea sak`-rakbgjt.

    Axpkgbj th lbrks gji tnabr pgrajts tngt ehys gji lbrks gra aqugk. Vnhw tnbs ey hwj eangvbhur.

    Ajfhurgla nagktny fhopatbtbhj gohjl ehys gji lbrks.

    Ibsfhurgla ogkprgftbfas kbda ihwry, fnbki ogrrbgla.

    Ogda tna lbrks ragkbza tnabr trua phtajtbgk gji fgpgebkbtbas.

    (f)VF/VY stuiajt

    Gjs. Jhw wa wbkk `hfus hj tna fnbkiraj eakhjlbjl th sfnaiukai fgstas gji sfnaiukai trbeas. Ynabr lrhups gji

    tnabr spafbgk aiufgtbhjgk jaais gra raqubrai th ea stuibai sapgrgtaky eafgusa tna ragshjs `hr tnabr aiufgtbhjgk

    egfdwgrijasis gra ib``arajt. \a jaai th ujiarstgji tna ragshj `hr bjaqugkbty bj aiufgtbhjgk iavakhpoajt h` tnasa

    lrhups gji tna rhka h` tagfnars gji aiufgtbhj bj ibsfhurglbjl tna ibsfrbobjgtbhjs glgbjst tnasa lrhups.

    Vtuiajts `rho Vfnaiukai Fgstas

    Yna taro sfnaiukai fgstas ra`ars th tnhsa fgstas bj Bjibg wnbfn gra fhjsbiarai ujthufngekas sbjfa glas eafgusa

    tnay gra bjvhkvai bj hffupgtbhjs kbda fkagjbjl, swaapbjl, snha ogdbjl atf. Ynbs taro sfnaiukai fgstas bs gj axprassbhj

    tgdaj `rho hur Bjibgj Fhjstbtutbhj wnbfn lbvas g kbst h` fgstas wnbfn gra shfbgkky gji afhjhobfgkky egfdwgri gji

    iaprbvai gji tnus jaai spafbgk oagsuras `hr tnabr upkb`toajt.

    Yna ragshj hr tna pgtnatbf fhjibtbhj h` tnasa fgstas ngs eaaj tna ibsfrbobjgtbhj glgbjst tnao sbjfa glas iua thtnabr ibrty hffupgtbhj. Hj hkiaj tboas tnasa fgstas wara jht parobttai th usa puekbf goajbtbas kbda tgjds, rbvars atf.

    gji wara prhnbebtai `rho lhbjl th taopkas gji rafabva aiufgtbhj. Ynbs `urtnar iatarbhrgtai tnabr fhjibtbhj gji

    jbeeai gkk fngjfas h` tnabr ohebkbty th htnar ohra raspaftai mhes.

    Pgrbhus ihfuoajts h` aiufgtbhj kbda Jgtbhjgk Shkbfy h` Aiufgtbhj, 72>0 gji Srhlrgooa h` Gftbhj

    (SHG- 25) spakk hut tna prhvbsbhjs gji sfnaoas tngt ngva eaaj kgbi ihwj ey lhvarjoajt hr tnasa egfdwgri fgstas,

    Ynasa ihfuoajts rafhooaji tngt bjfajtbvas kbda raa ehhds, sfnhkgrsnbps, raa fhgfnbjl snhuki ea prhvbiai th tna

    fnbkiraj h` tnasa egfdwgri fkgssas gji spragi gwgrajass gohjl tagfnars ralgribjl tna jaais h` tnasa fnbkiraj.

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj1

  • 7/21/2019 ES-332-EM

    6/6

    0

    J

    Ogjy h` tna rafhooajiai sfnaoas ngva gkragiy eaaj bopkaoajtai ey tna lhvarjoajt. Uasarvgtbhjs ngva eaaj

    ihja `hr tnasa stuiajts bj vgrbhus aiufgtbhjgk bjstbtutbhjs gfrhss tna fhujtry.

    Bt ngs eaaj hesarvai tngt iaspbta oagsuras tgdaj ey lhvarjoajt, tna fhjibtbhj h` tnasa fkgssas gji tna spragi h`

    aiufgtbhj gohjl tnao raogbjs phhr. Yna sfnhhk irhphut rgta gohjl tna VF gji VY stuiajts fhjtbjuas th ea nbln.

    Ynbs bs eafgusa tnasa stuiajts ih jht lat supphrt gji ajfhurglaoajt `rho tnabr tagfnars gji pgrajts th ohtbvgta

    tnao th stuiy gji par`hro wakk bj stuibas.

    Vtuiajts `rho Vfnaiukai Yrbeas

    Vfnaiukai trbeas bj Bjibg ra`ars th tnhsa trbeas tngt kbva bj gr `kujl grags kbda bjtarbhrs h`mujlkashr grags tngt grajht gffassbeka eafgusa h` jh rhgis kagibjl th tnao. Gs g rasukt h` tnbs prhvbibjl hhi, fkhtnbjl gji aiufgtbhj th tnao

    ngs eaaj ib``bfukt.

    Yna hkkhwbjl gra shoa h` tna ragshjs hr khw aiufgtbhjgk kavak gohjl fnbkiraj h` sfnaiukai trbeas gji oagsuras

    tngt fgj ea tgdaj th raftb`y tnao=

    Yna taxtehhds snhuki ea wrbttaj bj khfgk kgjlugla h` tna trbegks gji fartgbj axgopkas rho tnabr ajvbrhjoajt

    gji rakgtai th tnabr kb`a. Qj`hrtujgtaky tnbs bs jht tna fgsa bj ohst sfnhhks jagr th trbegk grags.

    Bj trbegk grags tnara gra g kht h` nurikas bj tna pgtn h` aiufgtbhj sufn gra kass juoear h` sfnhhk, gesajfa h`

    tagfnar, khw ajrhkoajt rgtbh h` stuiajts atf.

    @hrogk aiufgtbhj systao bs jaw `hr trbegks. Easbias, tnay ih jht `aak fho`hrtgeka bj tna fhopgjy h` jhj-

    trbegk pahpka. Gkk tnasa gfts gra iaohtbvgtbjl `hr tnao th saji tnabr fnbkiraj th `hrogk sfnhhks.

    Yagfnars rhka bs vary bophrtgjt bj trbegk aiufgtbhj. Sra`argeky, tagfnar snhuki ea gpphbjtai `rho gohjlsttnaosakvas sh tngt tnay fgj fhjvbjfa tna pgrajts th saji tnabr fnbkiraj th sfnhhk ohra a``aftbvaky gji tagfn

    bj tna khfgk ibgkaft.

    Yagfnars snhuki ea aopgtnatbf thwgris tna stuiajts bjstagi h` sfhkibjl tna stuiajts hr jht gttajibjl sfnhhk4

    tagfnar snhuki ujiarstgji tngt tnasa fnbkiraj gra axpaftai th nakp tnabr pgrajts bj nhusanhki whrd gji

    glrbfuktura. Ynus tagfnar snhuki prhvbia ogxbouo supphrt th tna stuiajts gt sfnhhk.

    Yna sfnhhk furrbfukuo gji ohia h` tagfnbjl snhuki ea fkhsa th tna ragk kb`a h` trbegk fnbkiraj. Fkgssas bj

    hpaj grag gji furrbfukuo tngt bs usa`uk bj tnabr igbky kb`a fgj gttrgft ohra gji ohra trbegk fnbkiraj th sfnhhks.

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj

    www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj www.bljhu-gf.bj0