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@[iktcl`-C

D`swir tmi olgglwc`h quistcl`s c` dflut 9:: wlrns idkm.

T. 4. Niocì tmi kl`kipt lo kugturi d`n ncskuss tmi strukturi lo kugturi c` ncooiri`t slkcitcis.

D`s.^mi wlrn kugturi mds ed y ncooiri`t eid`c`hs. Olr slei ct rioirs tl d` dpprikcdtcl` lo hlln gctirdturi,

eusck, drt, d`n olln. Olr d fclglhcst, ct cs gcaigy tl fi d klgl`y lo fdktircd lr ltmir eckrllrhd`cses hrlwc`h c` d

ùtrci`t eincue c` d gdflrdtlry Zitrc ncsm. Mlwivir, olr d tmrlplglhcsts d`n ltmir fimdvclurdg skci`tcsts, kugturi cs

tmi ougg rd`hi lo gidrìn mued` fimdvclur pdttir`s. ^mi tire wds ocrst usin c` tmcs wdy fy tmi pclìir I`hgcsm

D`tmrlplglhcst Inwdrn F. ^dyglr c` mcs flla, Zrcectcvi Kugturi, pufgcsmin c` 4=84. dyglr sdcn tmdt kugturi cs tmdt

klepgix wmlgi wmckm c`kgunis a`lwginhi, figcio, drt, gdw, elrdgs, kustle, d`n d`y ltmir kdpdfcgctcis d`n mdfcts

dkqucrin fy ed` ds d eiefir lo slkcity. Lo klursi, ct cs `lt gcectin tl ei`. Xlei` plssiss d`n kridti ct ds wigg.

[c`ki ^dyglr's tcei, tmi kl`kipt lo kugturi mds fiklei tmi ki`trdg olkus lo d`tmrlplglhy.

Kugturi cs d plwiroug mued` tllg olr survcvdg, fut ct cs d ordhcgi pmi`lei`l`. Ct cs kl`std`tgy kmd`hc`h d`n

idscgy glst fikdusi ct ixcsts l`gy c` lur ec`ns. Lur wrctti` gd`hudhis, hlvirèi`ts, fucgnc`hs, d`n ltmir ed`-edni

tmc`hs dri eirigy tmi prlnukts lo kugturi. ^miy dri `lt kugturi c` tmiesigvis. Olr tmcs ridsl`, drkmdilglhcsts kd``lt

nch up kugturi ncriktgy c` tmicr ixkdvdtcl`s. ^mi frlai` plts d`n ltmir drtcodkts lo d`kci`t pilpgi tmdt tmiy u`klvir

dri l`gy edtircdg riedc`s tmdt riogikt kugturdg pdttir`s--tmiy dri tmc`hs tmdt wiri edni d`n usin tmrluhm kugturdg

a`lwginhi d`n sacggs.

Kugturi cs kmd`hc`h kl`std`tgy. Kirtdc` prlnukts lo kugturi dri hlvirèi`ts, gd`hudhis, fucgnc`hs d`n edèdni

tmc`hs. Ct cs d plwiroug tllg olr tmi survcvdg lo edàc`n. Kugturdg pdttir`s lo d`kci`t pilpgi dri riogiktin c` tmicr

drtcodkts d`n dri stuncin fy drkmdilglhcsts tl u`nirstd`n tmicr wdy lo gcoi. Kugturi cs d` ceplrtd`t pdrt lo d slkcity olr

tmi viry ixcsti`ki lo slkcity. Kugturi dgsl pgdys d` ceplrtd`t rlgi tl istdfgcsm ncskcpgcì c` d slkcity. Dkklrnc`h tl

tmi fimdvclur pdttir`s d`n pirkiptcl`s, tmiri dri tmrii givigs lo kugturi.

Ocrst lì cs tmi flny lo kugturdg trdnctcl`s tmdt edais ylu tl ncooiri`tcdti d slkcity orle ltmirs. Xmi` pilpgi

spida Hired`, Bdpdìsi lr Ctdgcd`, tmi` tmiy dri rioirrin ds tmi gd`hudhi, figcios d`n trdnctcl`s smdrin fy idkm sit lo

pilpgi tmdt cs ncooiri`t orle ltmirs. [ikl`n lì cs tmi sufkugturi c` wmckm ncooiri`t slkcitcis orle ncooiri`t pdrts lo

tmi wlrgn prisirvi tmicr lrchc`dg kugturi. [ukm pilpgi dri tmi pdrt lo d sufkugturi c` tmi ìw slkcity. Olr ixdepgi,

sufkugturis c` Y`ctin [tdtis kl`scst lo itm`ck hrlups gcai Eixckd` Deirckd`s, Dorckd` Deirckd`s d`n _cit`deisi

Deirckd`s. ^mi eiefirs lo idkm sufkugturi smdri d kleel` gd`hudhi, cni`tcty, olln trdnctcl` d`n ltmir trdcts

D[[CH@EI@^ [LGY^CL@[ HYCNI (6:4>-6:49)

I.[.L.-44^mi [tuny lo [lkcity

Ncskgdceir/[pikcdg @lti2^misi dri bust tmi sdepgi lo tmi D`swirs/[lgutcl`s tl slei lo tmi Tuistcl`s hcvi` c` tmi

Dsschèi`ts. misi [depgi D`swirs/[lgutcl`s dri pripdrin fy Zrcvdti idkmir/ûtlrs/Dumtlrs olr tmi migp d`n Hucnd`ki

lo tmi stuni`t tl hit d` cnid lo mlw mi/smi kd` d`swir tmi Tuistcl`s lo tmi Dsschèi`ts. Xi nl `lt kgdce 4::%

Dkkurdky lo tmisi sdepgi D`swirs ds tmisi dri fdsin l` tmi a`lwginhi d`n kdfdfcgcty lo Zrcvdti îdkmir/ utlr. [depgi

d`swirs edy fi sii` ds tmi Hucni/Migp Flla olr tmi rioiri`ki tl pripdri tmi d`swirs lo tmi Tuistcl` hcvi` c` tmi

dsschèi`t. Ds tmisi slgutcl`s d`n d`swirs dri pripdrin fy tmi prcvdti tidkmir/tutlr sl tmi kmd`kis lo irrlr lr ecstdai

kd``lt fi ni`cin. D`y Lecsscl` lr Irrlr cs mchmgy rihrittin tmluhm iviry kdri mds fii` tdai` wmcgi pripdrc`h tmisi

[depgi D`swirs/[lgutcl`s. Zgidsi kl`sugt ylur lw` idkmir/ utlr fiolri ylu pripdri d Zdrtckugdr D`swir & olr uptlndti

d`n ixdkt còlredtcl`, ndtd d`n slgutcl`. [tuni`t smlugn eust ridn d`n rioir tmi loockcdg stuny edtircdg prlvcnin fy tmi

u`cvirscty.



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tmrluhm d kleel` d`kistrdg upfrc`hc`h. mi tmcrn givig cs tmi kugturdg u`cvirsdgs tmdt kl`scst lo fimdvclur pdttir`s

smdrin fy tmi mued`cty ds d wmlgi. [lei ixdepgis lo sukm fimdvclr pdttir`s dri kleeu`ckdtc`h wctm d virfdg

gd`hudhi, usi lo dhi d`n hi`nir tl kgdsscoy pilpgi, ncooiri`tcdtcl` fdsin l` edrrcdhi d`n rigdtcl`smcps.

[lkcity cs rioirrin tl ds d hrlup lo pilpgi wml smdri kleel` drid, kugturi d`n fimdvclur pdttir`s. [lkcity cs

u`ctin d`n rioirrin ds d ncstc`kt i`tcty. [lkcity kl`scsts lo d hlvirèi`t, midgtm kdri, inukdtcl` systie d`n sivirdg

lkkupdtcl`s lo pilpgi. C` d slkcity idkm d`n iviry c`ncvcnudg cs ceplrtd`t fikdusi idkm c`ncvcnudg kd` kl`trcfuti

sleitmc`h tl tmi slkcity. Dgsl ylu kd` oc`n sedggir hrlups lo pilpgi wctm d kirtdc` hldg wmckm c`kguni hrlups lo

stuni`ts, hlvirèi`t dhi`kcis lr hrlups tmdt rdcsi elìy olr d spikcock kdusi c` d slkcity. Ed`y ncooiri`t kugturiskd` fi olu`n wctmc` d slkcity. Slu kd` oc`n sivirdg ncooiri`kis wctmc` d klu`try lr tlw`.

C` d frldn si`si, tmi slkcity cs edni lo vdrcin eugtctuni lo c`ncvcnudgs wctm slkcdg, ikl`leck lr c`nustrcdg

còrdstrukturi. Lì lo tmi edblr fiìocts lo d slkcity cs tmdt ct sirvis tmi c`ncvcnudgs c` tmi tcei lo krcscs. [lkcitcis dri

dgsl lrhd`czin nipi`nc`h up l` tmicr plgctckdg strukturi sukm ds [tdti, fd`ns, kmcionles d`n trcfis.

T. 6. Ncskuss tmi plgctckdg systie c` elnir` slkcitcis. Cs C`ncd mdvc`h d elnir` plgctckdg systie< Kleei`t.

D`s.D plgctckdg systie cs d systie lo plgctcks d`n hlvirèi`t. Ct cs usudggy klepdrin tl tmi gihdg systie,

ikl`leck systie, kugturdg systie, d`n ltmir slkcdg systies. Mlwivir, tmcs cs d viry scepgcocin vciw lo d eukm elri

klepgix systie lo kdtihlrcis c`vlgvc`h tmi vciws2 wml smlugn mdvi dutmlrcty, mlw rigchclus quistcl`s smlugn fi

md`ngin, d`n wmdt tmi hlvirèi`ts cògui`ki l` cts pilpgi d`n ikl`ley smlugn fi. D plgctckdg systie cs d klepgiti

sit lo c`stctutcl`s, c`tirist hrlups (sukm ds plgctckdg pdrtcis, trdni u`cl`s, glffy hrlups), tmi rigdtcl`smcps fitwii`tmlsi c`stctutcl`s d`n tmi plgctckdg `lres d`n rugis tmdt hlvir` tmicr ou`ktcl`s (kl`stctutcl , igiktcl` gdw).

Iviry slkcity eust dndpt tl cts dturdg i`vcrlèi`t. mi edblr c`stctutcl` fy wmckm d slkcity dndpts tl dvdcgdfgi

rislurkis cs kdggin d` ikl`ley. D` ikl`leck systie, dgsl kdggin d elni lo prlnuktcl`, kd` fi scepgi lr viry

klepgix. mi scepgist elni lo prlnuktcl`, olu`n del`h trcfdg slkcitcis, cs mu`tc`h d`n hdtmirc`h. Olr ixdepgi, tmi

Ytis d`n [mlsmlì lo tmi @lrtm Deirckd` Hridt Fdsc` edni d gcvc`h fy mu`tc`h, ocsmc`h, d`n fy hdtmirc`h ivirytmc`h

incfgi tmc`h tmiy klugn oc`n, orle wcgn firrcis tl glkusts. Fy kl`trdst, d elnir` kdpctdgcst ikl`ley oidturis d

klepgix ncvcscl` lo gdflr, c`ti`scvi usi lo rislurkis, d`n edss prlnuktcl`.

Dgg plgctckdg lrnirs dri u`cqui ds prlnukts lo mcstlry d`n kridtcl`s lo tmi pikugcdr olrkis d`n kl`nctcl`s lo tmicr

i`vcrlèi`t. D sikl`n prlfgie tmdt klòrl`ts klepdrdtcvi d`dgyscs cs tmi ncoockugty lo nivcsc`h eidsuris lo plgctckdg

niviglpei`t. ^mi nioc`ctcl` lo wmdt cs elnir` lr wmdt kl`stctutis d` dnvd`kin lr niviglpin plgctckdg systie mdstrlufgin ed`y wrctirs. Kgidrgy, tmi lgnir ltcl`s lo niviglpei`t tlwdrn tmi hldgs lo kl`stctutcl`dgcse lr nielkrdky

eust `lw fi sirclusgy quistclìn, d`n tl bunhi tmi edturcty lo d plgctckdg systie c` tires lo tmi ixti`t tl wmckm ct

dnlpts d`y pdrtckugdr sit lo c`stctutcl s lr tikm`cquis lo rugi cs d` iqudggy nluftoug prlkinuri. D`ltmir ncoockugty cs

tmdt plgctckdg kmd`hi cs `lt scepgy d ridktcl` tl lfbiktcvi odktlrs sukm ds ikl`leck olrkis fut dgsl tmi prlnukt lo

kl`skclus ed`cpugdtcl`. C` ixpgdc`c`h tmi hrlwtm d`n niviglpei`t lo plgctckdg systies ct cs ceplsscfgi tl ch`lri tmi

odkt tmdt ei`, mdvc`h kl`scnirin tmi dnvd`tdhis d`n ncsdnvd`tdhis lo ncooiri`t olres lo hlvirèi`t, loti` nikcni tl

dnlpt lì olre rdtmir tmd` d`ltmir.

^mi C`ncd` ixpirci`ki cs ncooiri`t l` dgg tmrii klu`ts. C`ncd dnlptin u`cvirsdg suoordhi dt tmi tcei lo c`nipi`ni`ki,

gl`h fiolri tmi trd`sctcl` tl d elnir` c`nustrcdgczin ikl`ley fihd`. ^mi klu`try nlis `lt mdvi d` ixti`scvi wigodri

systie, dgtmluhm ct mds edni d hridtir ioolrt tl kridti lì lo gdti. D`n, nioyc`h nielkrdtck tmilry, d hridt pdrtckcpdtlry

upsurhi mds edrain C`ncd` plgctcks, d pmi`lei`l` tmdt cs l`gy fihc``c`h tl fi u`nirstlln fy skmlgdrs d`n lfsirvirs2

sc`ki tmi idrgy 433:s, C`ncds pgificd` lrnirs mdvi pdrtckcpdtin ltckidfgy elri c` igiktcl`s tmd` cts uppir d`n ecnngi

kgdssis. C` odkt, tmi riki`t wcsnle dflut C`ncd` igiktcl`s tur`s std`ndrn nielkrdtck tmilry l` cts midn2 tmi glwir tmi

kdsti, c`klei, d`n inukdtcl` lo d` C`ncd`, tmi hridtir tmi lnns tmdt mi wcgg vlti. mi rugc`h Y`ctin Zrlhrisscvi Dggcd`ki

(YZD), d kldgctcl` wctm tmi C`ncd` @dtcl`dg Kl`hriss dt cts klri, klu`ts l` tmi glwir slkcdg lrnirs ds cts elst ceplrtd`t

vltc`h fglk.

C`ncds niviglpei`t ixpirci`ki cs dgsl gcaigy tl fi ncstc`kt orle Idst Dscds. [lutm Alrid d`n ^dcwd` iefrdkin

u`cvirsdg-ord`kmcsi nielkrdky l`gy c` tmi gdti 43=:s d`n tmi ecn-433:s, twl nikdnis dotir tmicr ikl`leck uptur`


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fihd`. Ltmir ikl`leckdggy sukkissoug klu`trcis c` tmi rihcl`, sukm ds Kmc`d d`n [c`hdplri, mdvi yit tl fiklei

gcfirdg nielkrdkcis. Zirclnck riìwdgs lo edss ed`ndtis tmrluhm tmi fdgglt flx dri `lt ìkissdry c` dutmlrctdrcd`

klu`trcis, fut tmiy dri c` C`ncd. Nielkrdtck plgctcks pdrtgy ixpgdc`s wmy, olr ixdepgi, prcvdtczdtcl` mds hlì sl

sglwgy c` C`ncd klepdrin tl c` Kmc`d. C` C`ncd, wlrairs mdvi u`cl`s d`n plgctckdg pdrtcis tl prltikt tmicr c`tirists.

[iktcl`-CC

D`swir tmi olgglwc`h quistcl`s c` dflut 69: wlrns idkm.

T. ;. Ncskuss tmi edblr cnids lo Iecgi Nuramice.

D`s.Nuramice mdn d` ivlgutcl`dry dpprldkm, kl`scnirin slkcity tl fi gcai d` lrhd`cse, d`n ncstc`hucsmin

strukturi d`n ou`ktcl`. Xmcgi mi riklh`czin tmdt slkcity wds kleplsin lo c`ncvcnudgs, olr Nuramice, slkcity wds

`lt bust tmi sue lo c`ncvcnudg fimdvclurs, dktcl`s, d`n tmluhmts. ^mdt cs, slkcity mdn d` ixcsti`ki lo cts lw`, dpdrt

orle tmi c`ncvcnudgs c` ct. Ourtmir, slkcitcis cògui`ki c`ncvcnudgs tmrluhm lres, slkcdg odkts, si`tcei`ts, d`n slkcdg

kurri`ts. misi ieirhi orle mued` dktcl`, fut std`n dpdrt orle tmi c`ncvcnudg d`n dooikt tmi c`ncvcnudg.

Nuramice wds ispikcdggy kl`kirìn wctm tmi quistcl` lo slkcdg lrnir, mlw nlis elnir` slkcity mlgn tlhitmir

hcvi` tmi c`ncvcnudgcse d`n dutl`ley lo idkm pirsl`. Dndes d`n [ynci `lti tmdt mi olkusin l` prlfgies lo

"rikl`kcgc`h oriinle d`n elrdgcty, lr c`ncvcnudgcse d`n slkcdg klmiscl` c` elnir` slkcity" (p. 3:). Mcs flla^mi

Ncvcscl` lo Gdflur c` [lkcity wds d` ixpglrdtcl` d`n ixpgd`dtcl` lo tmisi cssuis, d`n mi oc`ns tmi d`swir c` tmi

kl`kipt lo slkcdg slgcndrcty, kleel` kl`skclusìss, d`n systies lo gdw. Fikdusi sukm olrkis dri lt dgwdys iooiktcvidt prlnukc`h slgcndrcty d`n fikdusi lo slkcdg kmd`his, tmiri kd` fi ncsruptcl`s c` tmi slgcndrcty d`n kl`skclusìss.

Nuramice kl`ìkts tmisi tl wmdt mi kdggs tmi olrkin ncvcscl` lo gdflur (ih. sgdviry) d`n tl pirclns lo klòuscl`,

wmdt mi kdggsd`leci. C` [uckcni, tmi gdttir cs dgsl kl`ìktin tl mcs d`dgyscs lo suckcni, d` ixpglrdtcl` lo ncooiri`t

suckcni rdtis dt ncooiri`t pgdkis d`n tceis c` Iurlpi, d`n d` dttiept tl ixpgdc` wmy tmiy ncooir.

Ds Mdnni` `ltis (p. =9), lì lo Nuramice's edblr kl`trcfutcl`s wds tl migp niocì d`n istdfgcsm tmi ocign lo

slkclglhy ds d` dkdnieck ncskcpgcì. Nuramice ncstc`hucsmin slkclglhy orle pmcglslpmy, psykmlglhy, ikl`lecks,

d`n ltmir slkcdg skci`ki ncskcpgcìs fy drhuc`h tmdt slkclglhcsts smlugn stuny pdrtckugdr oidturis lo klggiktcvi lr

hrlup gcoi. ^mcs cs tmi stuny lo slkcdg odkts, tmc`hs wmckm dri ixtir`dg tl, d`n klirkcvi lo, c`ncvcnudgs. ^misi slkcdg

odkts dri oidturis lo tmi hrlup, d`n kd``lt fi stuncin dpdrt orle tmi klggiktcvi, `lr kd` tmiy fi nircvin orle tmi

stuny lo c`ncvcnudgs. [lei ixdepgis dri rigchcl`, urfd` strukturis, gihdg systies, d`n elrdg vdguis sukm ds odecgy

vdguis. Nuramice drhuin tmdt tmisi dri "oidturis lo klggiktcvi ixcsti`ki wmckm dri lt rinukcfgi tl oidturis lo tmi

dtles, c`ncvcnudgs, wmckm edai ct up" (Mdnni`, p. =8).

Nuramice kl`scnirs tmi figcios, prdktckis, d`n kl`skclusìss lo tmi klggiktcvi tl fi klirkcvi l` c`ncvcnudgs ds

dktlrs. C` tmcs si`si, Nuramice mds d strukturdgcst dpprldkm, kl`scnirc`h tmi slkcdg strukturis tl ixirt d strl`h cògui`ki

l` slkcdg dktcl`. Lo klursi, ct cs c`ncvcnudgs wml dkt, fut tmiy nl `lt dkt l` d purigy c`ncvcnudg fdscs. Vdtmir, tmiy

mdvi lfgchdtcl`s d`n nutcis, d`n hiìrdggy dkt c` wdys tmdt dri strl`hgy cògui`kin fy tmi strukturis lo wmckm tmiy dri

pdrt. [lkclglhy kd` fi ncstc`hucsmin orle psykmlglhy c` tmcs wdy - `ltc`h tmdt psykmlglhcsts stuny c`ncvcnudgs d`n

tmicr ei`tdg prlkissis, wmirids slkclglhcsts dri kl`kirìn wctm tmi strukturis tmdt cògui`ki dktcl`.

T. >. Ncstc`hucsm fitwii` stdtus d`n rlgi wctm suctdfgi ixdepgis.

D`s.^mi tire mds twl slkclglhckdg usis2

4. V. Gc`tl` niocìn stdtus scepgy ds d plsctcl` c` d slkcdg systie, sukm ds kmcgn lr pdri`t. [tdtus rioirs tl wmdt

d pirsl` cs, wmirids tmi kglsigy gcàin `ltcl` lo rlgi rioirs tl tmi fimdvclur ixpiktin lo pilpgi c` d stdtus.

6. [tdtus cs dgsl usin ds d sy`l`ye olr ml`lur lr pristchi, wmi` slkcdg stdtus ni`ltis tmi rigdtcvi plsctcl` lo d

pirsl` l` d pufgckgy riklh`czin skdgi lr mcirdrkmy lo slkcdg wlrtm. ([ii [lkcdg [trdtcockdtcl ).

Ct cs tmi ocrst eid`c`h lo tmi tire stdtus, stdtus ds plsctcl`, wmckm wi dri hlc`h tl rioir tl c` tmi olgglwc`h

pdrdhrdpms. [tdtus ds ml`lur lr pristchi cs d pdrt lo tmi stuny lo slkcdg strdtcockdtcl`.


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D stdtus cs scepgy d rdà lr plsctcl` tmdt lì mlgns c` d hrlup. Lì lkkupcis tmi stdtus lo sl` lr nduhmtir,

pgdyedti, pupcg, rdnckdg, ecgctd`t d`n sl l`. Ivi`tudggy lì lkkupcis tmi stdtusis lo musfd`n, eltmir fridn-wc`ìr,

krckait od`, d`n sl l`, lì mds ds ed`y stdtusis ds tmiri dri hrlups lo wmckm lì cs d eiefir. Olr d`dgytckdg

purplsis, stdtusis dri ncvcnin c`tl twl fdsck typis2

Dskrcfin d`n

Dkmcivin.

Ed` cs d slkcdg d`cedg d`n ds d eiefir lo tmi slkcity, mi mds d ùefir lo rlgis tmdt mi pirolres. Fihc``c`horle mcs odecgy, mi pirolres tmi rlgis lo d sl` d`n d frltmir, d`n gdtir l` tmi rlgis lo musfd`n d`n odtmir. Mi dgsl mds

tmi rlgi lo d rispl`scfgi kctczi` c` tmi slkcity. Iviry rlgi mds d stdtus c` tmi slkcity wmckm cs tmi sit lo fimdvclurs

ixpiktin wctm tmdt rlgi.

Git us fihc` wctm tmi odecgy. D odtmir cs d rlgi tmdt kdrrcis tmi stdtus lo d prlvcnir d`n prltiktlr c` tmi odecgy. C`

tmi scepgist lo wlrns, stdtus cs tmi plsctcl` c` tmi systie (slkcity c` tmcs c`std`ki). [tdtus sleitceis cs usin ds d

sy`l`ye olr ml`lr d`n pristchi tmdt dri dsslkcdtin wctm kirtdc` plsts. C` d slkcdg systie, stdtus cs tmi rdà d pirsl`

mlgns c` d slkcdg mcirdrkmy. Ct cs tmcs stdtus tmdt niocìs tmi fimdvclur lo ltmirs tlwdrns tmi pirsl`.

^miri dri twl typis lo stdtus' `deigy dskrcfin d`n dkmcivin stdtus. Dskrcfin stdtus cs lì tmdt d pirsl` hits fy

vcrtui lo tdac`h fcrtm c` d odecgy (lr kdsti ds c` C`ncd). L` tmi ltmir md`n, dkmcivin stdtus cs wmdt d pirsl` idr`s wctm

d glt lo ioolrt d`n i`nidvlur.

T. 9. Niskrcfi slei lo tmi edblr ou`ktcl`s lo odecgy.

D`s.Odelus [lkclglhcst Edkgvir mds ncvcnin ou`ktcl`s c`tl issi`tcdg d`n l`-issi`tcdg ou`ktcl`s. Y`nir `l`-

issi`tcdg lr sikl`ndry ou`ktcl`s mi c`kgunis ikl`leck, rigchclus, inukdtcl`dg, midgtm d`n rikridtcl`dg ou`ktcl`s.

Dgl`h wctm tmi issi`tcdg ou`ktcl`s odecgy dgsl pirolres tmisi `l`-issi`tcdg ou`ktcl`s. ^misi ou`ktcl`s dri `l`-

issi`tcdg lr sikl`ndry c` tmi si`si tmdt tmisi dri dgsl pirolrein sceugtdìlusgy fy ltmir slkcdg c`stctutcl`s c` odecgy.

^misi ou`ktcl`s dri ds olgglws2

(4) Ikl`leck ou`ktcl`s2[c`ki d`kci`t tceis odecgy mds fii` pirolrec`h sivirdg ikl`leck ou`ktcl`s. Ct cs d`

ceplrtd`t ikl`leck u`ct. C` d`kci`t tcei odecgy wds fltm d prlnuktcl` d`n kl`sueptcl` u`ct. Ct usin tl ougocgg dgelst

dgg tmi ikl`leck iins lo ct's eiefirs sukm ds olln, kgltmc`h, mlusc`h itk. C` tmi tmi` ndys odecgy wds sigo- suoockci`t.

Fut lw d ndys dgelst dgg tmi ikl`leck ou`ktcl`s lo odecgy cs pirolrein fy ltmir dhi`kcis d`n odecgy l`gy riedc`

ds d kl`sueptcl` u`ct. Ct nl lt prlnuki d`ytmc`h. Dgg tmi eiefirs lo odecgy `lw wlrac`h lutscni tmi mlei.

Fut c` spcti lo dgg odecgy stcgg pirolrec`h slei ikl`leck ou`ktcl`s lo purkmdsc`h, prltiktc`h d`n edc`tdc`c`h

prlpirty. Ct dgsl iqudggy ncstrcfuti prlpirty del`h ct's eiefirs.

(6) Inukdtcl`dg ou`ktcl`s2Odecgy pirolres ed`y inukdtcl`dg ou`ktcl`s olr ct's eiefirs. Ds d` prcedry

inukdtcl`dg c`stctutcl` odecgy usin tl tidkm gittirs, a`lwginhi, sacgg d`n trdni sikrit tl dgg ct's eiefirs. Ct gllas dotir

tmi prcedry inukdtcl` lo ct's eiefirs d`n elugns tmicr kdriir d`n kmdrdktir. Eltmir dkt ds tmi ocrst d`n fist tidkmir

lo d kmcgn. Fiscnis mi gidr`s dgg slrts lo còlredg inukdtcl` sukm ds ncskcpgcì, lfinci`ki, ed`ìrs itk. orle odecgy.

Lo klursi dt prisi`t ed`y lo tmi inukdtcl`dg ou`ktcl`s lo odecgy dri tdai` lvir fy skmllg, klggihi d`n u`cvirsctcis

scgg odecgy kl`tcùis tl pgdy d` ceplrtd`t rlgi c` prlvcnc`h tmi ocrst gissl`s d`n prcedry inukdtcl` tl cts eiefirs.

(;) Vigchclus ou`ktcl`s2Odecgy cs tmi ki`tri lo dgg rigchclus dktcvctcis. Dgg tmi odecgy eiefirs looir tmicr

prdyirs tlhitmir d`n lfsirvi ncooiri`t rigchclus rctis, rctudgs d`n prdktckis blc`tgy. Dgg tmi eiefirs figcivi c` d

pdrtckugdr rigchcl` d`n lfsirvi rigchclus kiriel`cis dt mlei. Kmcgnri` gidr` ncooiri`t rigchclus vdguis orle tmicr

pdri`ts. Gcvc`h c` d spcrctudg dtelspmiri spcrctudgcty niviglps del`h tmi kmcgnri`. Odecgy trd`sects rigchclus figcios

d`n prdktckis orle lì hiìrdtcl` tl d`ltmir. Fut dt prisi`t odecgy fikdei elri sikugdr c` tmicr lutglla. Kleel`

odecgy wlrsmcp fikdei viry rdri d`n dfslguti. [tcgg odecgy kl`tcùis tl pgdy d` ceplrtd`t rlgi c` smdpc`h rigchclus

dttctuni lo cts eiefirs.



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(>) Midgtm rigdtin ou`ktcl`s2Odecgy ds d prcedry slkcdg hrlup pirolres sivirdg midgtm rigdtin ou`ktcl`s olr cts

eiefirs. Ct glla dotir tmi midgtm d`n vchlr lo cts eiefirs. Ct tdais kdri lo tmi scka lgn d`n dhin pirsl`s lo tmi

odecgy. Fy prlvcnc`h ikissdry utrctcvi olln tl cts eiefirs odecgy tdais kdri lo tmi midgtm lo dgg.

T. ?. Xmdt cs d`tckcpdtlry slkcdgczdtcl`< Ncskuss wctm ixdepgi.

D`s.D`tckcpdtlry slkcdgczdtcl` lkkurs wmi` wi stdrt gidr`c`h ìw `lres d`n vdguis c` d`tckcpdtcl` lo d rlgi

wigg lkkupy c` tmi outuri. Edac`h ìkissdry dnbustei`ts c` dnvd`ki edais tmi dktudg trd`sctcl` c`tl tmi ìw rlgi

idscir. Dgsl, fy dnlptc`h slei lo tmi `lres d`n vdguis lo d outuri rlgi, wi kd` ivdgudti wmitmir tmdt rlgi wcgg fi

rchmt olr us wmi` tmi tcei kleis tl dssuei ct.

Ixdepgi2D plgcki loockir wml cs dflut tl fihc` wlrac`h tmi `chmt smcot dnbusts mcs sgiipc`h mdfcts sivirdg

wiias fiolri mcs stdrt ndti. Mi hlis tl fin d` mlur gdtir idkm ivi`c`h, d`tckcpdtc`h mcs ìw skminugi lo stdyc`h

dwdai dgg `chmt d`n sgiipc`h nurc`h tmi ndy. Gcaiwcsi, slei klupgis gcvi tlhitmir fiolri hittc`h edrrcin tl sii

wmitmir tmiy oiig kleolrtdfgi c` tmdt outuri rlgi. ^miy tist tmi rlgi lo splusi fiolri kleecttc`h tl ct gihdggy.

D`tckcpdtlry slkcdgczdtcl` cs loti` stuncin c` rigdtcl` tl pripdrc`h olr ìw blfs d`n siiac`h dnvd`kiei`t c`

prloisscl`dg gcoi. D klggihi stuni`t, olr c`std`ki, loti` i`hdhis c` d`tckcpdtlry slkcdgczdtcl` wmi` trd`soirrc`h orle

tmi loti`-còlredg gcoi lo d stuni`t tl d iw prloisscl`dg ixcsti`ki. mcs echmt c`vlgvi nrissc`h lr dktc`h c` d mchmgy

prloisscl`dg ed`ìr ivi` fiolri oc`nc`h iepglyei`t. Dgsl, slei iepglyiis siiac`h fittir blfs kmllsi tl nriss d`n

dkt ds tmluhm tmiy dgridny mlgn sukm plsctcl`s. ^mcs sirvis fltm tl pripdri tmie olr tmi igivdtin plsctcl`s d`n tl

kleeu`ckdti tl ltmirs tmdt tmiy dri slkcdggy d`n prloisscl`dggy klepdtcfgi wctm tmicr niscrin blfs. Ct cs lt u`kleel`

olr pilpgi tl i`hdhi c` d`tckcpdtlry slkcdgczdtcl` c` tmicr ndy-tl-ndy slkcdg ixcsti`ki. Eiitc`h wctm lì's kglsi

orci`ns edy `lt ìkissctdti d`y pdrtckugdr tmluhmt lr rimidrsdg, fut tmi ixpiktdtcl` lo eiitc`h ìw pilpgi loti`

risugts c` d`tckcpdtlry slkcdgczdtcl`. Lì edy, olr c`std`ki, rimidrsi kl`virsdtcl` tlpcks d`n fimdvclrs fiolri eiitc`h

d splusi's pdri`ts lr ltmir pilpgi ncstd`t orle lì's lredg slkcdg hrlup.

[iktcl`-CCC

D`swir tmi olgglwc`h quistcl`s c` dflut 4:: wlrns idkm.

T. 8. Niocì kl`sueptcl`.

D`s.Kl`sueptcl`, c` ikl`lecks, tmi usi lo hllns d`n sirvckis fy mlusimlgns. Kl`sueptcl` cs ncstc`kt orle

kl`sueptcl` ixpi`ncturi, wmckm cs tmi purkmdsi lo hllns d`n sirvckis olr usi fy mlusimlgns. Kl`sueptcl` ncooirs

orle kl`sueptcl` ixpi`ncturi prcedrcgy fikdusi nurdfgi hllns, sukm ds dutlelfcgis, hiìrdti d` ixpi`ncturi edc`gy

c` tmi pircln wmi` tmiy dri purkmdsin, fut tmiy hiìrdti kl`sueptcl` sirvckis (olr ixdepgi, d` dutlelfcgi

prlvcnis trd`splrtdtcl` sirvckis) u`tcg tmiy dri ripgdkin lr skrdppin. Dkklrnc`h tl edc`stride ikl`lecsts, l`gy tmi

oc`dg purkmdsi lo hllns d`n sirvckis fy c`ncvcnudgs kl`stctutis kl`sueptcl`, wmcgi ltmir typis lo ixpi`ncturi - c`

pdrtckugdr, ocxin c`vistei`t, c`tireincdti kl`sueptcl`, d`n hlvirèi`t spi`nc`h - dri pgdkin c` sipdrdti kdtihlrcis.

Ltmir ikl`lecsts niocì kl`sueptcl` eukm elri frldngy, ds tmi dhhrihdti lo dgg ikl`leck dktcvcty tmdt nlis `lt

i`tdcg tmi nisch`, prlnuktcl` d`n edraitc`h lo hllns d`n sirvckis.

T. =. Xrcti smlrt `ltis l` d`y twl2

(d)[lkcdg strukturi

D`s.C` tmi slkcdg skci`kis, slkcdg strukturi cs tmi pdttirìn slkcdg drrd`hiei`ts c` slkcity tmdt dri fltm ieirhi`t

orle d`n nitirec`d`t lo tmi dktcl`s lo tmi c`ncvcnudgs. L` tmi edkrl skdgi, slkcdg strukturi cs tmi systie lo slkcl-

ikl`leck strdtcockdtcl` (i.h., tmi kgdss strukturi), slkcdg c`stctutcl`s, lr, ltmir pdttirìn rigdtcl`s fitwii` gdrhi

slkcdg hrlups. L` tmi eisl skdgi, ct cs tmi strukturi lo slkcdg itwlra tcis fitwii` c`ncvcnudgs lr lrhd`czdtcl`s. L`

tmi eckrl skdgi, ct kd` fi tmi wdy lres smdpi tmi fimdvclur lo dktlrs wctmc` tmi slkcdg systie. misi skdgis dri `lt

dgwdys aipt sipdrdti. Olr ixdepgi, riki`t skmlgdrsmcp fy Blm` Givc Edrtc` mds tmilrczin tmdt kirtdc` edkrl-skdgi

strukturis dri tmi ieirhi`t prlpirtcis lo eckrl-skdgi kugturdg c`stctutcl s (tmcs eid`c`h lo strukturi risiefgis tmdt

usin fy d`tmrlplglhcst Kgduni Gvc-[trduss). Edrxcst slkclglhy dgsl mds d mcstlry lo ecxc`h ncooiri`t eid`c`hs lo


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slkcdg strukturi, tmluhm ct mds nlì sl fy scepgy tridtc`h tmi kugturdg dspikts lo slkcdg strukturi ds ipcpmi`lei`d lo

cts ikl`leck lìs. [c`ki tmi 43;:s, tmi tire mds fii` c` hiìrdg usi c` slkcdg skci`ki, ispikcdggy ds d vdrcdfgi wmlsi

suf-kleplì`ts iinin tl fi ncstc`hucsmin c` rigdtcl`smcp tl ltmir slkclglhckdg vdrcdfgis.

(k)[lkcdg nivcd`ki

D`s.[lkcdg nivcd`ki cs d pmi`lei`l` tmdt mds ixcstin c` dgg slkcitcis wmiri tmiri mdvi fii` `lres. ^miri dri

twl plsscfcgctcis olr mlw d` c`ncvcnudg wcgg dkt c` tmi odki lo slkcdg `lres1 klòlre lr vclgdti. ^miri dri cepgckct

slkcdg lres d`n ixpgckct slkcdg lres. Ixpgckct slkcdg lres dri lt ìkissdrcgy gdws (sukm ds d sch` dt d kleputir

gdf tmdt sdys olln d`n nrcà dri prlmcfctin). C` ridgcty, tmiri cs loti` d fgi`n lo klòlrecty d`n nivcd`ki c` tmi wdys

pilpgi fimdvi. Vdrigy co ivir nlis d pirsl` nivcdti orle lr klòlre tl dgg lres. Ourtmirelri, slei fimdvclurs c`

tmiesigvis riogikt fltm klòlrecty d`n nivcd`ki dt l`ki. Kl`scnir fridac`h tmi spiin gcect, wmckm cs tikm`ckdggy d

gihdg vclgdtcl`, fut wmckm cs dgsl klòlrecst, pdrtckugdrgy l` oriiwdys wmiri eltlrcsts hl wctm tmi oglw. mdt cs d

krctckdg oidturi lo nivcd`ki, klòlrecty, d`n `lres. ^miri dri olres lo nivcd`ki (d`n kirtdc` `lres) tmdt dri dflut

ds u`cvirsdg ds d`ytmc`h c` tmi slkcdg skci`kis kd` fi, sukm ds wmi` lì edgckclusgy mdres d kmcgn.



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