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Geswlr tfl idhhdwcen qulstcdes ce godut

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wduh` `lahcel ce tfl igal di g sfrcemcen phgelt, gs pldphl olagjl cearlgscenhy cetlr`lple`let ce ladedjca ge` auhturgh

tlrjs, ge` tflrl wgs cearlgsl` gwgrlelss tfgt wl grl del wdrh` igacen adjjde ladhdncagh, pdhctcagh, ge` slaurcty

prdohljs.

W. ?. Lhgodrgtl tfl rlhgtcdesfcp oltwlle tfl adealpts di Nle`lr Qtgtus ge` Rdwlr.

Ges. Nle`lr c`letcty cs tfl nle`lr dr nle`lrs g plrsde slhi-c`letcicls gs. Dels ocdhdncagh slx cs `crlathy tcl` td

splacica sdacgh rdhls ge` lxplatgtcdes. Ku`ctf Outhlr adesc`lrs tfl adealpt di olcen g wdjge td fgvl jdrl afghhlenls,

dwcen edt dehy td sdacltys vclwcen wdjle gs g sdacgh agtlndry out ghsd gs g ilht slesl di slhi, g auhturghhy ade`ctcdel` dr

adestruatl` suoklatcvl c`letcty. Pfl tlrj wdjge fgs fcstdrcaghhy olle usl` cetlrafgenlgohy wctf rlilrleal td tfl iljghl

od`y, tfdunf jdrl rlalethy tfcs usgnl fgs olle vclwl` gs adetrdvlrscgh oy iljcecsts. Pflrl grl qughctgtcvl geghysls tfgtlxphdrl ge` prlslet tfl rlprlsletgtcdes di nle`lr= fdwlvlr, iljcecsts afghhlenl tflsl `djceget c`ldhdncls adealrecen

nle`lr rdhls ge` slx. Qdacgh c`letcty rlilrs td tfl adjjde c`letcicagtcde wctf g adhhlatcvcty dr sdacgh agtlndry tfgt arlgtls

g adjjde auhturl gjden pgrtcacpgets adealrel`. Gaadr`cen td sdacgh c`letcty tfldry, ge cjpdrtget adjpdelet di tfl slhi-

adealpt cs `lrcvl` irdj jljolrsfcps ce sdacgh nrdups ge` agtlndrcls= tfcs cs `ljdestrgtl` oy nrdup prdalssls ge` fdw

cetlr-nrdup rlhgtcdesfcps cjpgat scnecicagethy de ce`cvcùghs' slhi plralptcde ge` olfgvcdurs. Pfl nrdups pldphl olhden td

tflrlidrl prdvc`l jljolrs wctf tfl `licectcde di wfd tfly grl ge` fdw tfly sfduh` olfgvl wctfce tflcr sdacgh spflrl.

Nle`lr sdacghczgtcde fgs ngrelrl` adesc`lrgohl gttletcde ce psyafdhdncagh rlslgraf, ncvle tfl sghcleal di nle`lr

rdhls ce hcil. Pflrl grl usughhy `ciilrleals ce jghl ge` iljghl nle`lr lxplatgtcdes, wctf trg`ctcdegh rdhls phgacen jle ce

pdsctcdes di pdwlr ge` leadurgncen tflj td ol gsslrtcvl, gnnrlsscvl, ge` adjpltctcvl. ^djle grl tgunft td ol pgsscvl,

eurturcen, ge` suoslrvclet (Olaffdilr ge` Rgrrdt, 7337). Ce jgey trg`ctcdegh auhturls, wdjle grl td ol purl (c.l.,

vcrnces) olidrl jgrrcgnl wfchl jle grl ncvle jdrl hcolrtcls rlngr`cen slxugh olfgvcdur. Iurtflrjdrl, jle grl ljpdwlrl`

td doklatciy wdjle wctf hctthl sdacgh adeslquleal. Ce tfl jgkdrcty di trg`ctcdegh sdacltcls, jle's rdhls ge` gttctu`ls djcegtl

jdst sdacgh cestctutcdes.

Jdst ce`cvcùghs goc`l oy tfl nle`lr lxplatgtcdes wctfce tflcr auhturgh adetlxt= fdwlvlr tflrl grl sdjl tfgt `cvlrnl

irdj tflsl lxplatl` olfgvcdurs. @lvcgeal irdj nle`lr lxplatgtcdes jgy fgvl adeslquleals ge` age uhtcjgtlhy hlgvl ge

ce`cvcùgh vclwl` gs ue`lscrgohl oy tfl adjjuecty Idr lxgjphl, vcdhgtcde di nle`lr rdhls age rlsuht ce dstrgacsj oy

igjchy ge` adjjuecty ul td sfgjl cjpdsl` de vcdhgtdr ge` tfl vcdhgtdr olcen g vcatcj di vcdhleal ge`/dr csarcjcegtcde.

Qdjl nrdups tfgt fgvl igal` adeslquleals idr `cvlrncen irdj trg`ctcdegh nle`lr rdhls grl wdjle ce rdhls di pdwlr ce

adrpdrgtl Gjlrcag, wdjle ce tfl jchctgry, jle pursucen agrllrs ce grlgs tfgt grl trg`ctcdeghhy daaupcl` oy wdjle (c.l.,

eurscen, `geal, lgrhy lhljletgry safddh tlgaflr), jle wfd ichh tfl rdhl di stgy-gt-fdjl `g`, ge` tfl HNOP adjjuecty.

Pfl systljgtca ngtflrcen ge` lxgjcegtcde di ceidrjgtcde de nle`lr `ciilrleals ge` sdacgh rlhgtcdes ce dr`lr td

c`letciy, ue`lrstge` ge` rl`rlss celquctcls ogsl` de nle`lr. Nle`lr geghyscs cs g vghugohl `lsarcptcvl ge` `cgnedstca tddh

idr `lvlhdpjlet phgeelrs ge` aruacgh td nle`lr jgcestrlgjcen liidrts. Pfl jltfd`dhdny ge` adjpdelets di nle`lrgeghyscs grl sfgpl` oy fdw nle`lr cssuls grl ue`lrstdd` ce tfl cestctutcde adealrel`. Pflrl grl g eujolr di `ciilrlet

gpprdgafls td nle`lr geghyscs, ceahu`cen tfl Nle`lr _dhls dr Fgrvgr` irgjlwdrm, ge` Qdacgh _lhgtcdes Geghyscs.

Qlatcde - CC

Geswlr tfl idhhdwcen qulstcdes ce godut ?

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Gs g jgttlr di ruhl ge` prgatcal ed ce`cvcùgh wduh` gaalpt mgafafgidd` prlpgrl` oy ge ceilrcdr agstljge.Pfl agstl

systlj put rlstrcatcde de tfl rgenl di sdacgh rlhgtcdes ghsd. Pfl c`lg di pdhhutcde jlges g tduaf di hdwlr agstl jge wduh`

pdhhutl dr `lichl g jge di fcnflr agstl. Lvle fcs sfg`dw cs adesc`lrl` ledunf td pdhhutl g fcnflr agstl jge. Pfl hdwlr

agstl pldphl suiilrl` irdj alrtgce sdacd-rlhcncdus `csgochctcls. Pfl cjpurl agstls grl jg`l td hcvl de tfl dutsmcrts di tfl

acty ge` tfly grl edt ghhdwl` td `rgw wgtlr irdj tfl puohca wlhhs. Ce lgrhclr tcjls letrgeal td tljphls ge` dtflr phgals di

rlhcncdus cjpdrtgeal wlrl idroc``le td tflj. Lùagtcdegh igachctcls, hlngh rcnfts ge` pdhctcagh rlprlsletgtcde wlrl `lecl`

td tflj idr g vlry hden tcjl. Ci tfl hdwlr agstls suiilr irdj alrtgce csgochctcls sdjl fcnflr agstl hcml tfl Orgfjces lekdys

alrtgce prcvchlnls hcml adeùatcen prgylrs ce tfl tljphls lta. Pflrl cs nrg`gtcde di daaupgtcdes ghsd. Qdjl daaupgtcdes

grl adesc`lrl` suplrcdr ge` sgarl` wfchl alrtgce dtflrs `lnrg`cen ge` ceilrcdr. Idr g hden tcjl daaupgtcdes wlrl vlryjuaf gssdacgtl` wctf tfl agstl systlj. Lgaf agstl fg` cts dwe splacica daaupgtcdes wfcaf wlrl ghjdst flrl`ctgry. Pflrl

wgs ed sadpl idr ce`cvcùgh tghlet, gptctu`l, letlrprcsl dr gochctcls.

W. 0. @lsarcol wfgt grl tfl Dtflr Ogamwgr` Ahgssls.

Ges.\e`lr tfl Ogamwgr` Ahgssls Ourlgu, tfl Jcecstry cs jge`gtl` td hddm gitlr tfl wlhigrl di Ogamwgr` Ahgssls,

oy cjphljletcen tfl safljls idr Ogamwgr` Ahgssls. Pfl Jcecstry ghsd `lghs wctf tfl Egtcdegh Ogamwgr` Ahgssls

Adjjcsscde (EAOA) wfcaf wgs slt up ce 7331. Pfl Adjjcsscde tle`lrs g`vcal td tfl Jcecstry ce rlsplat di agstls, suo-

agstls, syedeyjs ge` adjjuectcls idr ceahuscde ce/irdj tfl aletrgh hcst di Dtflr Ogamwgr` Ahgssls.

Ogamwgr` Ahgssls jlges suaf ogamwgr` ahgssls di actczles dtflr tfge tfl Qaflùhl` Agstls ge` Qaflùhl` Prcols gs

jgy ol splacicl` oy tfl Aletrgh Ndvlrejlet ce tfl hcsts prlpgrl` oy tfl Ndvlrejlet di Ce`cg irdj tcjl td tcjl idr

purpdsls di jgmcen prdvcscde idr tfl rlslrvgtcde di gppdcetjlets dr pdsts ce igvdur di ogamwgr` ahgssls di actczles

wfcaf, ce tfl dpcecde di tfgt Ndvlrejlet, grl edt g`lqugtlhy rlprlsletl` ce tfl slrvcals ue`lr tfl Ndvlrejlet di Ce`cg

ge` gey hdagh dr dtflr gutfdrcty wctfce tfl tlrrctdry di Ce`cg dr ue`lr tfl adetrdh di tfl Ndvlrejlet di Ce`cg.

Dtflr Ogamwgr` Ahgss (DOA) cs g adhhlatcvl tlrj usl` oy tfl Ndvlrejlet di Ce`cg td ahgssciy agstls wfcaf grl

lùagtcdeghhy ge` sdacghhy csg`vgetgnl`. Ct cs del di slvlrgh diicacgh ahgsscicagtcdes di tfl pdpuhgtcde di Ce`cg, ghden wctf

Qaflùhl` Agstls ge` Qaflùhl` Prcols (QAs ge` QPs). Pfl DOAs wlrl idue` td adjprcsl % rlslrvgtcdes ce puohca slatdr ljphdyjlet ge` fcnflr lùagtcde. Pfl hcst di DOAs jgcetgcel` oy tfl

Ce`cge Jcecstry di Qdacgh Kustcal ge` Ljpdwlrjlet cs `yegjca, wctf agstls ge` adjjuectcls olcen g``l` dr rljdvl`

`lple`cen de sdacgh, lùagtcdegh ge` ladedjca igatdrs.

\etch 7360< pgjpfhlt Qafljl td prlvlet rueecen Crcsf ddhs td Irgeal. Pfl

tlrj fgs fg` slvlrgh, sdjltcjls adetrg`catdry, jlgecens. Ct wgs deal licel` oy lxalptcde gs ge cetlrjl`cgtl sdacgh ahgss

oltwlle tfl edochcty ge` tfl plgsgetry di Lurdpl.]oy wfdj4Z fchl tfl edochcty dwel` tfl aduetrysc`l, ge` tfl plgsgetry

wdrml` tfl aduetrysc`l, g elw odurnldcscl (hctlrghhy tdwe-`wlhhlrs) grdsl grdue` jlragetchl iueatcdes ce tfl acty.

Gedtflr `licectcde lqugtl` tfl jc``hl ahgss td tfl drcncegh jlgecen di agpctghcst; sdjldel wctf sd juaf agpctgh tfgt tfly

aduh` rcvgh edohls. Ce igat, td ol g agpctgh-dwecen jchhcdegcrl wgs tfl lssletcgh arctlrcde di tfl jc``hl ahgss ce tfl ceùstrcgh

rlvdhutcde. Ce Irgeal, tfl jc``hl ahgssls flhpl` `rcvl tfl Irleaf _lvdhutcde.

Pfl jd`lre usgnl di tfl tlrj jc``hl ahgss, fdwlvlr, gtls td tfl 7371 \M _lncstrgr-Nlelrghs rlpdrt, ce wfcaf tfl


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. @cstcenucsf oltwlle Qgesmrctczgtcde ge` ^lstlreczgtcde.

Ges.^lstlreczgtcde rlilrs td ghh auhturgh afgenls ge` cestctutcdegh ceedvgtcdes ce Ce`cg gs tfcs aduetry agjl cetd

pdhctcagh ge` auhturgh adetrgat wctf tfl wlstlre egtcdes lsplacghhy Orctcsf. lstlreczgtcde ceahu`l lstgohcsfjlet di sacletcica,

tlafedhdncagh ge` lùagtcdegh cestctutcdes, rcsl di egtcdeghcsj, elw pdhctcagh auhturl ge` hlg`lrsfcp ce tfl aduetry.

J.E.Qrcecvgs lxprlssl` tfgt wlstlrecsgtcde ge` sgesmrctcsgtcde wlrl ndcen tdnltflr. Fl ljpfgsczl` tfl sgjl irdj tfl

idhhdwcen= lstlreczgtcde cjprdvl` adjjuecagtcde ge` tlafedhdny= ct fgstlel` tfl prdalss di Qgesmrctczgtcde tfrdunf

rlhcncdus prdpgnge`g ge` agstl ge` adjjuegh adenrlngtcde.Qgemrctczgtcde cs tfl prdalss oy wfcaf g hdw agstl dr trcol dr dtflr nrdups tgmls dvlr tfl austdjs, rctughs, olhclis,

c`ldhdny ge` hcil-styhl di g fcnflr agstl. Pfl tlrj wgs adcel` oy J.E.Qrcecvgs ce fcs stu`cls de Addrns ce Ce`cg ge` ct wgs

prcjgrchy jlget td `lsarcol tfl prdalss di auhturgh jdochcty ce tfl trg`ctcdegh rurgh Ce`cg.

W. 6. @cstcenucsf oltwlle Kgtc ge` Ygreg.

Ges.Kgtc ge` Ygreg grl twd wdr`s tfgt grl vlry cjpdrtget wfchl stu`ycen Ce`cge sdacgh systlj. Pflsl grl ahgsscicagtcdes

di tfl trg`ctcdegh Ce`cge sdaclty tfgt adeiusl jgey pldphl wfd grl dutsc`lrs, lsplacghhy wlstlrelrs gs tfly nd idr hctlrgh

trgeshgtcde di tflsl wdr`s. Pfl wlstlre wdrh` cs gwgrl di tfl agstl systlj tfgt cs prlvghlet ce Ce`cg, out tfly jgml tfl

jcstgml di trlgtcen odtf Kgtc ge` Ygreg gs tfl agstl di ge ce`cvcùgh wflrl tfl twd tlrjs grl edt syedeyjdus.

Pfl wdr` Ygreg, wfle trgeshgtl` cetd Fce`c, hctlrghhy trgeshgtls cetd adhdr. Fdwlvlr, tfl Ygreg systlj fg` edtfcen td

`d wctf tfl adhdr di tfl smce di ge ce`cvcùgh. Ce igat, tfl Ygreg systlj wgs lvcsl` td ahgssciy g plrsde de tfl ogscs di fcs

gttrcoutls dr afgrgatlrcstcas. Fdwlvlr, tfl systlj ndt `lnlelrgtl` wctf tfl pgssgnl di tcjl ge` lvlhdpl` cetd tfl juaf

jghcnel` agstl systlj tfgt cs slle lvle td`gy. Pfcs agstl systlj jlget tfgt g plrsde fg` ed afgeals di upwgr` jdochctyce tfl sdaclty, ge` fl rljgcel` ce tfl agstl tfgt fl wgs odre cetd.

Pfl drcncegh Ygreg systlj wgs `lvcsl` td fgvl fgrjdey ge` addplrgtcde oltwlle pldphl hcvcen ce tfl sdaclty ge`

pldphl ce ciilrlet Ygregs c` edt cetlrilrl ce lgaf dtflr's hcvls td adjpltl. Ct wgs wfle tfl Ygreg di g plrsde wgs lac`l`

de tfl ogscs di fcs ocrtf rgtflr tfge fcs qughctcls tfgt ct olagjl rdttle.

^fgt cs tfl `ciilrleal oltwlle Kgtc ge` Ygreg4

Pfl Kgtc wgs g suo`cvcscde di tfl adjjuectcls ce tfl Ce`cge sdacgh dr`lr wfcaf wgs ordg`hy `cvc`l` cetd idur

Ygregs.

Ygreg cs g juaf dh`lr systlj di ahgsscicagtcde tfge Kgtc.

Kgtc flhpl` ce c`letcicagtcde wctfce del's dwe Ygreg.

Kgtc systlj di ahgsscicagtcde ndt `lnrg`l` cetd tfl jd`lre agstl systlj.



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