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INTERNATIONALENERGY AGENCY
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Estratégias de Mitigação das Alterações ClimáticasModerador: Tiago Farias, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal
Mitigação de alterações climáticas: como desenvolver uma estratégia, Júlia Seixas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Acções e metas de referência para a sustentabilidade, Lorenzo Bono, Ambiente Italia, Itália
A estratégia “Växjö sem combustíveis fósseis”: uma visão de sustentabilidade, Bo Frank, Município de Växjö, Suécia
Sessão Plenária 228 de Maio | 14h30– 16h00
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Lorenzo Bono
Urban benchmark and actions for sustainability
Almada, 28 May 2009
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The report has been worked out by AmbienteItalia Research Institute and financed by DEXIA Group.
The survey is endorsed by the NGO Legambiente-Italy and by EU city networks such as ICLEI, UBC, MEDCITIES, CLIMATE ALLIANCE, the French Comité 21, the Italian CoordinamentoAgende 21 Locali and ANCI.
Urban Ecosystem Europe
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The Urban Ecosystem Europe Report provides an integrated assessment (25 indicators) of 32 main or bigger cities in Europe and focuses on their local responses capacity and needs. The report shows strengths and weaknessesand provides a baseline review clearly addressed to the environmental sustainabilitydimension, with climate change as core issue.
Urban Ecosystem Europe
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The 2006 EU - Thematic strategy on the urban environment says that “To monitor and up-date the effectiveness of the Strategy, accessible urban data is needed” and the EU Parlament (2006) demands“common core indicators to allow for comparisons andbenchmarking between European cities…”
The 2004-07 Aalborg commitments engage signatories “to cooperate with the European Sustainable Cities & Towns Campaign and its networks to monitor and evaluate progress towards meeting sustainability targets”.
The 2007 EU Leipzig Chart for Sustainable Cities says that “Indicators and Benchmaking should become arelevant tool to drive European, national and local policies”.
A tool coherent with EU policies engagements
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Local action for health - Natural common goods
Responsible consumption and lifestyle
Planning better mobility, less traffic
Energy and Climate change
Vibrant, sustainable local economy and social equity, justice and coesion
Local Management towards sustainability and Governance
25 indicators, 6 themes
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Energy and transportEnergy Balance and CO2 reduction targetClimate and Energy saving policiesElectric consumption variation Solar power generation in public buildings Inhabitants connected to district heating system
Passengers travelling on public transportUnderground and tram lines Cycle paths and lanes availability
Number of registered cars
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Metropol. areas
Big Medium Medium-small
BerlinG. LondonG. LyonMadridParisRoma
BarcelonaBrusselsMilanoNapoliPrahaWien
Munchen
AntwerpenKobenh.DresdenGoteborgHelsinki
RigaStockholmZaragozaHannover
Oslo
BristolAarhus
HeidelbergLefkosiaTampere
TurkuPatra
DurresAalborg
32 cities (16 countries) 10 northern; 10 central; 9 southern; 3 eastern
2006-2007 data collection
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How is critical the situation? Are there positive reactions?
European citizens are exposed to relevant health risks, due to air pollution. The situation is still over the limit. Car users are invading cities, but local policies could succeed.Municipal waste are a waste of energyand materials, but local policies and life styles make the difference. Risks due to climate changes could be avoided also thanks to local administrations, but now it’s time to act.
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A good majority (21) of the 32 cities adopted local CO2 reduction targetsBarcelona, Hannover, Munchen, Oslo, Zaragoza and Praha defined very innovative local regulations to improve energy efficiency in buildingsIn Helsinki, Kobenhavn, Aarhus, Tampere and Stockholm more than 70% of the population is connected to a district heating system. In Oslo all the traffic lights use LED tecnology, 60% in Lyon and 40% in GoteborgHeidelberg administration buy 25% of certified renewable energy for its electric consumptions
Energy: local policies
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Munich: self commitment to a 10 % reduction every 5 years, since 2005.
Copenhagen: - 20 % in the period 1990-2005 and goal of 20 % reduction by 2015 (2005 base).
Amsterdam: the strategy “New Climate for Amsterdam” defines the target -40% by 2025 (1990 base); 30% of the consumed energy must be generated from local renewable energy sources (sun, wind and biomass) by 2025.
Oslo: -50% by the year 2030 (1990 base). In January 2008, the City Council adopted a “Ten point plan for reducing climate gas emissions”.
CO2 target setting
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Hamburg: Strategy for Climate Protection: -20% by 2020 (1990 base), but there is a self commitment which aims to reduce CO2 emissions by 40 % until 2020 and by 80% until 2050.
Stockholm: -25% per capita CO2 emissions, from 5.3 tons (1990) to 4.0 tons (2005). The long-term target is to continue at the same rate: in theory, this means to become a fossil fuel free city by 2050.
CO2 target setting
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Inhabitants connected to a district heating system (% pop)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%Pr
aha
Wie
n
Paris
Mila
no
Lyon
Rom
a
Barc
elon
a
Hel
sink
i
Kobe
nhav
n
Rig
a
Stoc
khol
m
Got
ebor
g
Dre
sden
Han
nove
r
Osl
o
Bris
tol
Aarh
us
Turk
u
Tam
pere
Aalb
org
Hei
delb
erg
big medium small
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Traffic lights using LED (% )
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%O
slo
Lyon
Got
ebor
g
Aalb
org
Barc
elon
a
Hel
sink
i
Turk
u
Han
nove
r
Antw
erpe
n
Rom
a
Dur
res
Hei
delb
erg
Prah
a
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Solar panels diffusion in public buildings is growing: Wien is the best for thermal panels(about 13.000 m2). Good also Barcelona (4.300 m2) and Lyon (3.500 m2). Munchen has the greatest amount of photovoltaic panels on public buildings (more then 4.000 kW), followed at a certain distance by Barcelona and Roma. Heidelberg - as the first - and then Hannover, Helsinki and Dresda are the best among smaller sized cities. In Hannover and Copenhagen the first energy audits and retrofitting measures were done more than 10 years ago. Helsinki implemented energy audit in 80% of public buildings.
Energy: public buildings
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Copenhagen (2002-2006): electricity consumption -5 %, heating -7 %.Hamburg (2000-2007): energy consumption (electricity+heating) –10%.Stockholm: aim to reduce the energy consumption in the city’s own buildings and plants by 10% by 2010 (compared to 2006).Oslo: all new municipal buildings will be of passive/low energy standard. Heating oil will be phased out by the end of 2011 and fossil energy for heating will be phased out entirely by 2020.
Energy: public buildings
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Solar thermal and PV plants on public buildings (kW)
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
9.000
10.000W
ien
Mun
chen
Bar
celo
na
Lyon
Paris
Rom
a
Mad
rid
Nap
oli
Prah
a
Han
nove
r
Hel
sink
i
Dre
sden
Got
ebor
g
Zara
goza
Hei
delb
erg
Lefk
osia
big medium small
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Energy savings in transportCar is used up to 70% for home to work trips in Italian cities, that, together with the Belgians havethe higher number of circulating cars: Rome reaches 70 cars every 100 inhabitants, double than Berlin, London and Paris. In Riga and Copenhagen car has a very marginal use (20 cars/100 inh).
In Praha workers use public transport (58%) more then cars (27%). Wien, Goteborg, Helsinki, Hannover, Kobenhavn and Stockholm achieved the goal to mantain below 50% the use of car in home to work trips, thanks to the combined use of the bicycle in short medium trips and a qualified public transport related to longer trips.
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Energy savings in transport Amsterdam: only 25% of all journeys under 5 kmby private car; 61% by bike. Between 1994 and 1997, 29% of such journeys took place by car and 52% by bicycle. Copenhagen: 36 % of inhabitants use a bike to go to work or study and 98% live less than 350 m from a public transport service.Stockholm: the share of trips to the city centre taken by public transport increased from 57% to 64% during the last ten years. In the morning peak hour, the share increased from 72% to 77%.
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Percentage of journeys to work (%)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%M
unch
en
Wie
n
Bar
celo
na
Ber
lin
Prah
a
Mad
rid
Mila
no
Nap
oli
Rom
a
Stoc
khol
m
Han
nove
r
Kob
enha
vn
Dre
sden
Hel
sink
i
Got
ebor
g
Zara
goza
Bris
tol
Aal
borg
Aar
hus
bike foot underground/rail tram bus car motorbike other
smallmediumbig
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Cycle paths and lanes (m/100 inh)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Wie
n
Mun
chen
Lyon
Ber
lin
Bru
xelle
s
Paris
Prah
a
Bar
celo
na
Gre
ater
Lon
don
Rom
a
Mila
no
Mad
rid
Nap
oli
Hel
sink
i
Han
nove
r
Stoc
khol
m
Got
ebor
g
Kob
enha
vn
Dre
sden
Bris
tol
Osl
o
Zara
goza
Rig
a
Turk
u
Aal
borg
Tam
pere
Aar
hus
Hei
delb
erg
Patr
a
smallmediumbig 297
24
Urban rail lines: underground and tram (m/100 inh)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Mila
no
Wie
n
Mun
chen
Prah
a
Bru
xelle
s
Ber
lino
Paris
Mad
rid
Bar
celo
na
Gre
ater
Lon
don
Lyon
Nap
oli
Rom
a
Stoc
khol
m
Osl
o
Hei
delb
erg
Han
nove
r
Rig
a
Hel
sink
i
Ant
wer
pen
Kob
enha
vn
medium-smallbig
25
Download the report
http://www.ambienteitalia.it/lavori/public/index.asp?mode=byarea&fileID=Agenda%2021&page=4
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Cycle paths and lanes (m/100 inh)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Wie
n
Mun
chen
Lyon
Ber
lin
Bru
xelle
s
Paris
Prah
a
Bar
celo
na
Gre
ater
Lon
don
Rom
a
Mila
no
Mad
rid
Nap
oli
Hel
sink
i
Han
nove
r
Stoc
khol
m
Got
ebor
g
Kob
enha
vn
Dre
sden
Bris
tol
Osl
o
Zara
goza
Rig
a
Turk
u
Aal
borg
Tam
pere
Aar
hus
Hei
delb
erg
Patr
a
smallmediumbig 297
PM10: number of daily means exceeding 50 μg/mc (highest values)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
reat
er L
ondo
n
Rom
a
Mila
no
Mad
rid
Bar
celo
na
Prah
a
Paris
Mun
chen
Wie
n
Ber
lin
Lyon
Bru
xelle
s
Nap
oli
Rig
a
Zara
goza
Kob
enha
vn
Stoc
khol
m
Ant
wer
pen
Han
nove
r
Dre
sden
Osl
o
Hel
sink
i
Got
ebor
g
Bris
tol
Patr
a
Aal
borg
Hei
delb
erg
Aar
hus
Tam
pere
Turk
u
traffic
background
smallmediumbig
limit value
N O2
P M 10
So lar po wer
Water co ns.
P arks and gardensC ycling
P ublic t ranspo rt
Waste
Separated co llect .
Hannover median
Benchmark your city
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2009-2011: PRIMUS, EU research project coordinated by Iclei, with the aim to refine the european urban ecosystem methodology together with researcher, politicians and stakeholders and to test it in 100 pilot cities.
2009-2011: CHAMP, EU LIFE+ Project coordinated by UBC, with the aim to develop an extensive training for integrated urban management reducing EU greenhouse gases up to 2020.
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