Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias – Inglês Ensino Médio, 3° Ano Linkers (though, however, nevertheless, etc)

Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias – Inglês

Ensino Médio, 3° Ano

Linkers (though, however, nevertheless, etc)

INGLÊS, 3º Ano do Ensino MédioLinkers

Imagem: Pumbaa80 / Public Domain

Since

yet

and

because

for

but

until

however


Linkers, também chamados de conjuctions ou linking words (conjunções), são palavras ou grupo de palavras que ligam orações ou termos de mesma função sintática. Podem ainda ligar parágrafos. São importantes para dar coesão ao texto.Vejamos alguns exemplos de linkers:e.g.I like English but it is a hard language to learn. I cannot eat and speak at the same time.

Linkers, também chamados de conjuctions ou linking words (conjunções), são palavras ou grupo de palavras que ligam orações ou termos de mesma função sintática. Podem ainda ligar parágrafos. São importantes para dar coesão ao texto.Vejamos alguns exemplos de linkers:e.g.I like English but it is a hard language to learn. I cannot eat and speak at the same time.


Nesse exemplo, temos a conjunção conclusiva therefore que exprime conclusão de pensamento, equivalente em português a logo, ligando sentenças.

Nesse exemplo, temos a conjunção conclusiva therefore que exprime conclusão de pensamento, equivalente em português a logo, ligando sentenças.

Imagem: CDC / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / United States Department of Health and Human Services

I think, therefore I

am.I think,

therefore I reduce, reuse

an recycle.


Nesse anúncio contra o fumo, podemos observar outro exemplo de conjunção aditiva and (equivalente à conjunção “e”, em português) exprimindo a ideia de soma, adição, ligando termos de mesma função sintática.

Nesse anúncio contra o fumo, podemos observar outro exemplo de conjunção aditiva and (equivalente à conjunção “e”, em português) exprimindo a ideia de soma, adição, ligando termos de mesma função sintática.

Imagem: Silverxxx (talk) / GNU Free Documentation LicenseImagem: Silverxxx (talk) / GNU Free Documentation License


Vamos estudar as conjunções mais usuais em inglês, com suas traduções correspondentes.

Vamos estudar as conjunções mais usuais em inglês, com suas traduções correspondentes.

Para exprimir adição, temos:

And (e)Moreover ( além do mais, além de ) In addition ( além do mais, além de ) Furthermore ( além do mais, além de ) Besides ( além do mais, além de ) What´s more ( além do mais, além de ) Not only... but also ( não só... mas também )


And (e)Moreover ( além do mais, além de ) In addition ( além do mais, além de ) Furthermore ( além do mais, além de ) Besides ( além do mais, além de ) What´s more ( além do mais, além de ) Not only... but also ( não só... mas também )


And (e)Moreover (além do mais, além de) In addition (além do mais, além de) Furthermore (além do mais, além de) Besides (além do mais, além de) What´s more (além do mais, além de) Not only... but also (não só... mas também)


And (e)Moreover (além do mais, além de) In addition (além do mais, além de) Furthermore (além do mais, além de) Besides (além do mais, além de) What´s more (além do mais, além de) Not only... but also (não só... mas também)


Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando adição :

I usually work in the morning and sleep in the afternoon.

She is not only tired but also hungry.

The house is very old. Moreover, the rent is very expensive.

Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando adição :

I usually work in the morning and sleep in the afternoon.

She is not only tired but also hungry.

The house is very old. Moreover, the rent is very expensive.


Para exprimir contraste, temos:

But (mas)Although (embora)Though (embora) However (todavia )Nevertheless (entretanto)Yet (contudo) On the other hand (por outro lado)

Para exprimir contraste, temos:

But (mas)Although (embora)Though (embora) However (todavia )Nevertheless (entretanto)Yet (contudo) On the other hand (por outro lado)


Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando contraste:

The lecture was long but interesting.

I am not very good at English. However, I try hard.

She is very rich, yet I can see tears in her eyes.

Although she was sick, she went to school.

Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando contraste:

The lecture was long but interesting.

I am not very good at English. However, I try hard.

She is very rich, yet I can see tears in her eyes.

Although she was sick, she went to school.


Para exprimir razão ou causa, temos:

Because (porque )

As (como, porque)

Since (como)

Para exprimir razão ou causa, temos:

Because (porque )

As (como, porque)

Since (como)


Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando razão ou causa:

As it was raining heavy, I drove to work.

She didn´t go to school because she was very sick.

Since he was very busy, I typed all the letters.

Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando razão ou causa:

As it was raining heavy, I drove to work.

She didn´t go to school because she was very sick.

Since he was very busy, I typed all the letters.


Para exprimir resultado ou conclusão, temos:

Therefore (logo)

Consequently (consequentemente)

So (por isso)

Thus (assim)

Para exprimir resultado ou conclusão, temos:

Therefore (logo)

Consequently (consequentemente)

So (por isso)

Thus (assim)


Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando conclusão:

I was sick, so I decided to stay in bed.

He was not paying much attention. Consequently, he

could not answer the questions.

He jogs every day, therefore he is fit.

They laid off many employees and thus cut costs.

Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando conclusão:

I was sick, so I decided to stay in bed.

He was not paying much attention. Consequently, he

could not answer the questions.

He jogs every day, therefore he is fit.

They laid off many employees and thus cut costs.


Para exprimir uma condição, temos:

If (se)

Unless (a menos que)

Provided that (se)

Providing that (se)

In case (caso)

Para exprimir uma condição, temos:

If (se)

Unless (a menos que)

Provided that (se)

Providing that (se)

In case (caso)


Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando condição:

I can lend you some money provided that you pay it back.

She won´t go unless you go too.

Bring some food in case you get hungry.

If you don´t study, you will not pass.

Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando condição:

I can lend you some money provided that you pay it back.

She won´t go unless you go too.

Bring some food in case you get hungry.

If you don´t study, you will not pass.


Para exprimir finalidade, temos:

So that (para que, a fim de que)

In order to (para)

So as to (para)

Para exprimir finalidade, temos:

So that (para que, a fim de que)

In order to (para)

So as to (para)


Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando finalidade:

I put on my glasses in order to see better.

She is studying Spanish so that she can live in Madrid.

I called him up so as to invite him to the party.

Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando finalidade:

I put on my glasses in order to see better.

She is studying Spanish so that she can live in Madrid.

I called him up so as to invite him to the party.


Para exprimir alternativa:

Or (ou)

Either... or (ou...ou)

Neither... nor (nem...nem)

Instead (em vez de)

Para exprimir alternativa:

Or (ou)

Either... or (ou...ou)

Neither... nor (nem...nem)

Instead (em vez de)


Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando alternativa:

I can´t decide whether to study German or French.

Either you shut up or you will leave the classroom.

Neither my brother nor my sister lived in New York.

There is no beer. Would you like some wine instead ?

Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando alternativa:

I can´t decide whether to study German or French.

Either you shut up or you will leave the classroom.

Neither my brother nor my sister lived in New York.

There is no beer. Would you like some wine instead ?


Exercício 1

Complete as sentenças usando os seguintes linkers: and, moreover, but, therefore, unless, so that, e not only... but also.a)You won´t get cancer.................. you smoke.b)Smoking is harmful. ..................., it is expensive.c)She is............... sleepy .................... thirsty. d)They may be rich, .............. a little sad.e)I am studying French ............... I can travel to Paris.f)I think ........................ I recycle. g)Tidy up your room ............... then take a shower.

Exercício 1

Complete as sentenças usando os seguintes linkers: and, moreover, but, therefore, unless, so that, e not only... but also.a)You won´t get cancer.................. you smoke.b)Smoking is harmful. ..................., it is expensive.c)She is............... sleepy .................... thirsty. d)They may be rich, .............. a little sad.e)I am studying French ............... I can travel to Paris.f)I think ........................ I recycle. g)Tidy up your room ............... then take a shower.

unless

Moreover

not only but also

but

so that

therefore

and


Exercício 2Complete as sentenças usando os seguintes linkers: if, as, although, nevertheless, consequently, so as to e instead.a)Wash your hands ..................... avoid diseases. b)................... it was raining, we went to the beach.c)I will have the hot tea.......................... d)The flight was overbooked. ...................., the departure was delayed.e)..............Mary was very sick, she slept all day long.f)His wife was sick. ........................, he flew to Miami.g).......... you need some money, just give me a call.

Exercício 2Complete as sentenças usando os seguintes linkers: if, as, although, nevertheless, consequently, so as to e instead.a)Wash your hands ..................... avoid diseases. b)................... it was raining, we went to the beach.c)I will have the hot tea.......................... d)The flight was overbooked. ...................., the departure was delayed.e)..............Mary was very sick, she slept all day long.f)His wife was sick. ........................, he flew to Miami.g).......... you need some money, just give me a call.

so as to

Although

instead

Consequently

As

Nevertheless

If


Exercício 3 (UNIFESP 2003 – Adapted)

Moreover, they do not allow patients to act meaningfully.

Na frase acima, a palavra MOREOVER pode ser substituída, sem mudar o sentido, por:

a) Furthermore.b) However.c) Thus.d) Nevertheless.e) Rather.

Exercício 3 (UNIFESP 2003 – Adapted)

Moreover, they do not allow patients to act meaningfully.

Na frase acima, a palavra MOREOVER pode ser substituída, sem mudar o sentido, por:

a) Furthermore.b) However.c) Thus.d) Nevertheless.e) Rather.

A


Exercício 4 (PUC-SP, 2003)

Na frase "Students were either leftist or they would keeptheir mouths shut". A expressão either... or indica uma ideia de:

a) exclusão.b) inclusão.c) gradação.d) predominância.e) enumeração.

Exercício 4 (PUC-SP, 2003)

Na frase "Students were either leftist or they would keeptheir mouths shut". A expressão either... or indica uma ideia de:

a) exclusão.b) inclusão.c) gradação.d) predominância.e) enumeração.

A


Exercício 5 (UNIRIO, 2003)

In "You hate air conditioning, YET your houses deal with changes in the weather," the discourse marker yet denotes:

a) addition.b) cause.c) contrast.d) comparison.e) condition.

Exercício 5 (UNIRIO, 2003)

In "You hate air conditioning, YET your houses deal with changes in the weather," the discourse marker yet denotes:

a) addition.b) cause.c) contrast.d) comparison.e) condition.

C


Exercício 6 (UNESP, 1997)

Marque a alternativa que completa corretamente as lacunas na sentença a seguir:

Charles ... Mary are brother ... sister.

a) or / andb) and / orc) and / butd) and / ande) but / and

Exercício 6 (UNESP, 1997)

Marque a alternativa que completa corretamente as lacunas na sentença a seguir:

Charles ... Mary are brother ... sister.

a) or / andb) and / orc) and / butd) and / ande) but / and

D


Exercício 7

Marque a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna que vemos na sentença abaixo.

The teacher explained the rules slowly, ................... the students could not understand them.

a)ifb)furthermorec)yetd)besidese)so that

Exercício 7


The teacher explained the rules slowly, ................... the students could not understand them.

a)ifb)furthermorec)yetd)besidese)so that

c


Exercício 8


.................. it is snowing, we won´t be able to go to the mall.

a)Because ofb)Forc)So thatd)So as toe)Since

Exercício 8


.................. it is snowing, we won´t be able to go to the mall.

a)Because ofb)Forc)So thatd)So as toe)Since

E


Exercício 9

Marque a alternativa correta.

She will give me her phone number so that I can phone her if I need to.

A expressão destacada exprime...

a)causab)alternânciac)finalidaded)contrastee)adição

Exercício 9

Marque a alternativa correta.

She will give me her phone number so that I can phone her if I need to.

A expressão destacada exprime...

a)causab)alternânciac)finalidaded)contrastee)adição

C


Exercício 10


Some people hate driving in the rush hour, ........... they take a bus instead.

a)sinceb)becausec)thoughd)soe)yet

Exercício 10


Some people hate driving in the rush hour, ........... they take a bus instead.

a)sinceb)becausec)thoughd)soe)yet

D


The endThe end

Tabela de Imagens

n° do slide

direito da imagem como está ao lado da foto

link do site onde se consegiu a informação Data do Acesso

2 Pumbaa80 / Public Domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smiley.svg 29/08/20124 CDC / Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention / United States Department of Health and Human Services

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Two_people_talking.tiff

29/08/2012

5 Silverxxx (talk) / GNU Free Documentation License

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smoking_warning_australia.jpg

29/08/2012

Documents

Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias – Inglês Ensino Médio, 3° Ano Linkers (though, however, nevertheless, etc)