Livro Virologia Nova Edicao

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2012 2 Ediçãoa


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a ViRoloGia no esTaDo Do Rio De janeiRo

uma VisÃo Global


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PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA

Dilma Vana Rousseff

MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDEMinistro | alexanDRe PaDilha

FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZPresidente | Paulo eRnani GaDelha VieiRa

V ice -Presidência de Pesquisa e L aboratórios de r eferência | ClauDe PiRmezV ice -Presidência de Gestão e d esenVoLViMento institucionaL | PeDRo RibeiRo baRbosa

V ice -Presidência de e nsino , inforMação e c oMunicação | n sia TRinDaDe limaV ice -Presidência de aMbiente , atenção e ProMoção da s aúde | ValCleR RanGel feRnanDesV ice -Presidência de Produção e inoVação eM s aúde | CaRlos auGusTo GRabois GaDelha

INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZd iretora | T nia aRa jo joRGe

V ice -d ireção de serViços de r eferência e c oLeções c ientíficas | elizabeTh RanGelV ice -d ireção de d esenVoLViMento institucionaL e Gestão | ChRisTian nielV ice -d ireção de e nsino , inforMação e c oMunicaçã o | helene baRbosa

V ice -d ireção de Pesquisa , desenVoLViMento t ecnoLóGico e inoVação | maRiza moRGaDo

ELABORAÇÃOheRmann GonçalVes sChaTzmayR e mauloRi C. CabRal

COLABORAÇÃO:ana maRia CoimbRa GasPaR: L aboratório de d esenVoLViMento t ecnoLóGico eM V iroLoGia /ioc

ClaiRe feRnanDes KubelKa: l r tór d i g V r /ioCClaRa yoshiDa: l r tór d h p t t V r /ioC

eDson elias Da silVa: L aboratório de e nteroVíruselba ReGina samPaio lemos: L aboratório de H antaViroses e r ickettsioses /ioc

elisabeTh lamPe: L aboratório de HePatites V irais /ioc josé Paulo GaGliaRDi leiTe: L aboratório de V iroLoGia c oMParada e aMbientaL /ioc

maRCelo alVes PinTo: L aboratório de d esenVoLViMento t ecnoLóGico eM V iroLoGia /ioc maRilDa aGuDo menDonça TeixeiRa De siqueiRa: L aboratório de V írus r esPoratórios /ioc

oRTRuD moniKa baRTh sChaTzmayR:L aboratório de MorfoLoGia e MorfoGênese V iraLRiTa maRia RibeiRo noGueiRa:L aboratório de f LaViVírus /ioc

selma De anDRaDe Gomes: L aboratório de V iroLoGia MoLecuLar /ioc


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Hermann G. Schatzmayr&

Maulori Curie Cabral

A VIROLOGIA NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

UMA VISÃO GLOBAL

2a Edição

Rio de Janeiro2012


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Capa e Projeto Gráfco - Valéria de Sá

Revisão - Hermann G. Schatzmayr

Adaptação da segunda edição - Ortrud Monika Barth

Ficha catalográfca:

Elaborada pela Biblioteca de Ciências Biomédicas / ICICT / Fiocruz - RJ

S312

Schatzmayr; Herman G.

A virologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro: uma visão global / Herman G.

Schatzmayr, Maulori Curié Cabral. 2a Edição - Rio de Janeiro: FIOCRUZ, 2012.

176 p. : II. ; 25 cm

Bibliografa: p. 172 - 175

1. Virologia - Rio de Janeiro. 2. Epidemias. I. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.

II. Título

CDD 616.0194


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D d c tóre t vr d d c d h G P r r m rg r t (P gg

P r r p r c tr õ à V r g d p í p ct d d R d j r

1918 – 1994 1921 - 1987


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S r t rHERMANN G. SCHATZMAyR

D t r p u v r d d d G fr rg/a (1966). l vr -D c t V r g p u v r d d f d r f(1975). P d r – T t r d i t t t o w dCr , -Pr d t d f d ã o w d Cr

d s c d d br r d V r g . m rT t r d ac d br r d C ê c dac d br r d m d c V t r ár . eV r g t pr c p t ,

t r vír , p vír p t t v r ,p t r r t , v v r , p cd g r r . f c d 21 d d 2010.

MAULORI C. CABRAL

m tr (1976) D t r (1986) C ê c(m cr g ) p ufRj. Pr r-a c di d D p rt t d V r g , d i t t td m cr g Pr P d Gó d ufRj.at ár d : V r g bá c , t d d

v v r (d g r r ), aiDs; d v v t d t d gp c d à m cr g à i g ;

p p r ã d c ê c cr .


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VIRUSES ARE CLEVER, SUBVERSIVE, SUBTLE, INGENIOUSd orotHY H. c raWford

THE SINGLE BIGGEST THREAT TO MAN´S CONTINUED DOMINANCE ONTHE PLANET IS A VIRUS

J osHua LederberG - n obeL PriZe Winner

VIRUS: A PIECE OF BAD NEWS WRAPPED UP IN PROTEINsir Peter MedaWar - n obeL PriZe Winner

MICROBES NOT MACROBES, RULE THE WORLDbernard d iXon


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Apr t ãa g r c d d Pr r ed ã d t vr t

pr t r g d d ã c d - p r g d p rtpr r d ã p c p ct tór c c rr g r õ

r p t d .

o c c t d p d c tr p r r t d r pr v r c r pr c ã v ã p r t r , cr c c r c tr r gr v c d p r c õ v r .

e t vr rg c t v d pr t r v ã g d V t d d R d j r , d d pr órd t t d d , d c pr r t t r c t r g tr d , p d t g t pr t d v ã d t t õ d p , d v v t t c óg c pr d ã d pr d

óg c ár c p r tr t t c tr d v r t d

u r t t d d r r r õ r t d d r t t p t r , t d - p ív

t t v r t r d , pó v r ã . o t t r d t r d p d c ár , p r r

r d d r c r d c t úd .

e r ã à r r t t õ ã r p d r , prt r t t r g , p d d v r t , ã r tt t ã d r ã pr t d vr .

a V r g t t r t r c , g d tá v ã , c p c d t p t , p r rd d d p

t c d r , r d p tóg v r , g t c gr p rp d r d p t d v t d t ã c í

, c r tr vír .

P r tr d , d c d p r vír c v rí r p r tór v r , r r p áv p r gr d rt d d

9


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t v d p í , c d d r t t tór . j d a c r t p d , t v pr r d c t r g tr d

d 1562 (a c t g d C d r 2009): “n d 1562, p r t í d D , r v gr d d í d cr vp rt g , d t , gr d rr t g t . D

c r v v , t v d t r c d p rt g r cr v , p d d p rr t , p r r

f tã gr d rt d t g t d tr cr ví d rr rr r 30 p d d trê ”.

e t t ã , d cr t p r a c t , r p t p tr r g õ d a r c , p tr d ã c t t d d ã t t , t r t p r v d r d r d , d g

v r c v rí , v d r r tê c d t v d d r , r à d cc v r c t v r c t t d d â c t rr r p .

a pr t ã d t d d d gr p d p V r gpr t d r t r r c tí c t c óg c d p ív tR d j r d v r c r d p d r pú c p c

cr c t r d v v t , c r c c t dc d d , ú t tâ c d v r gr d c ár d tr

r d .

e p r - d t r rv d t v ã p r tr gr pv r t r tór d V r g tr r g õ d p í , d

, g d t p , c g r c d c t ã r t

10


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11

Agr d c to t r gr d c p r d t t d c g

v r t t d cr v d tr d v vr v r t t p r ó pr v t pr p r d r t

c crít c g tõ r t t d pr r d ã .

a d r rê c grá c c t d , r c t d p rcc rp r d t tr t r d d v g ã d t t õ trô c , t c t d r p ct v d r r d

agr d c t p t gr v r , c p t d p t d d r t t p t r t pút d d t c rv t grá c v t t d t d

Pr r ã pr t r t d t d c r rv t r õ r p rd áv , d t d

pr d r c c t .agr d c d à f d ã o w d Cr p c ã d t t

d c rv d C d o w d Cr t r ã p r r pr d r gpág d m ór d i t t t o w d Cr .

Os A o s


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13

Í d c

CAPíTULOS:

1 Introdução 132 PrImeIros eventos em vIrologIa no r Io de JaneIro 193 ePIdemIas do Passado 354 ePIdemIas modernas : dengue e aIds 73 5 InstItuIções envolvIdas com vIrologIa no estado 85

6 socIedade BrasIleIra de vIrologIa 1637 conclusões 1678 r eferêncIas BIBlIográfIcas 172


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1I tr d ã

i c t c c p t d C ô , p t r r t c p t d i pt c p t d R pú c , R d j r c tr d r t

gr d p rt d t v d d óc -c t r d p í , c d ár d úd , d p ct p ít c - d tr t v , própr

c d ã d c p t . a tr t r r d d pr d c t , p r rg t d gr v p d d r g v r g d

d r r , v rí ú t d c d pd g .

n t g d d ã r v d p d c g t pr c rr d p rt t ár d V r g , ã t

p r p ct v tór c c t p rt d v ã c tí c dc c t d p c d d c d d , cíp t d d

j r t d .a - , p r c ã d c g d d c rt p rt g , p p r ã d p p ã r t d , ã t d

d d d úd rv d t p r p r pr vc tr d d gr v t d .

C cr v t r p v g r t d c ã p tP rt g , c ê p rt ã d pr d t dú tr c


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t r p d c ã d p p õ d c ô , d r cã ó , c pr t c t p ráv , c t d d

d tr gr v , c t d c c t d ít t d c c v d , ã t d d rs c d d br r rg d .

P r tr d , m cr g t v rg r d cc d d v r , p r t r d t t

v d d d g t rv õ cr cóp .

a , d r t d c d c d c xx, vír , v ívcr cóp c , r r c d d t r d c õ d

t t r t d d p c t d tr ã t r t ct r , rg d d ã d “vír trá

pr ã pr p t p r P rr R c d P t r d r ã i t t t .

e t p õ , p r t t cr - rg , r c p dct r d p r t ã r pr d d dr c í c

. s t c d v v t d cr cóp trô c

d d c d d 30, p ív rv r vír d r t t , c d -d r tr t r , t d pr pr d d r óg c .

C d t c p t r r t , vír ã c p t d ác dc c , aRn aDn, v t p r pr t í c d s r P t r

m d w r, “ p d d á tíc v t pr t í ”.

P d d d t d r t d r p c ã t rc t d r t r d tr ã d p d r

d t c d tr t g d r v vê c , vír r c r “ t g t , v r v , t g ”, pr õ

r à p rt , d g d c r ct r d c p rt t d tcr - rg (Cr w rd 2000).

n d íc dr c d d c c t d v rd d r t rvír , rg gr d g r c p d r p r à d c d dc t r r t tã d c c d p rt d t t r r r tR d j r pr t t tr .


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. . . a ViRoloGia no esTaDo Do Rio De janeiRo . . .

17

i c t d c t pr r v t r g tr d r pr c d V r g , c d p t r t r d t t

v c t v r ó c br v g P r d d c rã d d d r t t p i p r d r D. P dr ii, d tr r p r

t c g d pr p r d v c t -rá c , v t c rr dd r t i p r .

o w d G v Cr -(Ac vo a Casa Oswal o C z, COC/Fioc z)

a c p d rr d c ã d r r d v rí ícc xx, r d c d d o w d Cr , g r r

v t d c t ã tór c rã rd d d r rt d - tr rd ár v r d t c p d p t d v

úd pú c d R d j r .


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a - t p d d 1918 rr d c õp t d v rí d c d d 1970. a p d d d g a

ã t pr t d , c d r d - p rtâ c p r t d t c rt t t r .

a t t õ c tr ír d c tr p r vV r g p í , t d R d j r , ã g t r v t , p

p ct rc t d t ã t v r r p rtâtór c c tí c , c d tr t .

a tór d s c d d br r d V r g , t c d R d j r , r c d t p c c d r d p rtâ cr pr t ã d p c d d .

acr d t - t p c ã c tr rá p r r v ã c rr c rr V r g t d . e p r - d

tr õ t grá c c íd , d c t d vár d p ct drv rã d r rê c p r r c c t d V r g t d d

d j r p í .

o P v ã m r c , d d f d ã o w d Cr , Rj.(Fo o P Ilicci v/CCS)


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2Pr r v t V r g

t d d R d j rD p ód r r t à V r g c rr d d i p r

c d r ã , r t r tr d d v c ã t p í tr r cr ã d i t t t P t r d R d j r , t

c p rt c p ã d c v d s t C d m r córd d R d j

D t r , d cr v r c t c t tór c ár d údt d d R d j r g v ã , d c t d t

s t C , , c pr r t d d d tê c d c d p p p r v t g t c p d v r , t d

p c t g d c d tê c , dcr ã d i t t t P t r d R d j r , c d c t d t .

D c t pr p r d p C d o w d Cr /f cr , d p t ttp://www.d c t r d .c c. cr . r/ /P/v r t / tc

p r t v ã pr c d t ã d t d d , t d .

a s t C d d d d c xVi, d t c pr d s t l ú r 2, t r d s t l ú r 2d p r c t . e t c tr v r r t r


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tr d - p dr j a c t , d C p d j , c g r br c D rt d C t , 1553.

e 1582, a c t t r d d c tr r rr cã d p p r rít d rr d C t , t r d d r g à s t C

d m r córd d R d j r c pr r c d t d t pú c d c d d , r c c d t r c t .

apó p ã d r c d R d j r p g v r d r gm d sá, c d d p r tróp d d c ô , pr tc tr gr õ t r c ã d r g ã . a c d d p c p

p p ã d c rc d 3.850 t t , r p rt í d t750 p rt g 100 r c . s t v d d c ô c g

c xVi v - g d úc r, c t v d d d crdíg p t r r t r c .

er gr t t d p ít c d g pú c t , g r v p d d có r , r r v rí , tr tr d

t g p p ã d c d d , t ã , c v rá d tpr g t c g d d D. j ã Vi gr d p rt , t íc

d c xx.a t d d br g d s t C d l , v

t d r gr d c t d d d d p p ã c tê c d c , p r ór ã t t d v úv . i c t

ár d c c d pr d r c p r tr c d t r t d d t p rt c r d t õ

e tr t d d d l d R d j r , r d d c td d “C pr ” c t d , tr tr p ct , r cd v r r r g d d õ d v r , g d p r

d ã c d d t ã t v g “ p r ” c d gr d d p d r c r p r t d r c t

d t t ã d c ár .

e 1828, d c p v Pr v d r , r pr c p ã d ja tô f rr r , t r V c d d G r t , t r r d C g d p d d v rí tã v c d d .


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a d d r t i p r , c j C t P r r c pr v dtr 1838 1854, pr v r p õ rv pr t d p s t

P í gr d ê c p ít c , v c p c rg rc m r d C d e t d tr vár c õ . n

ã d pr v d r, R d j r , á c c rc d 20t t c t v c pr tár d g t r

d , c d p d c v d r rrt d d c v c r v d d v d à pr c r d d d

pr t d à p p ã à ê c d d d pr v t v p r c t r dt gr v . o h p t d s t C t r r - p p r d

pr t v r pr d tr t r , c v pr d C d r c c rc d trê c rp t d , t tp p d gr v c d d .

D t d t ã d p dr d t d v p2 d d 1840 c t r tr r d d c c p v

c p d 04/10/1830 v , t , pr d p tgr , cr t c v t , d t d - d d c t r p t d p r a g c R d j r p C t

i g , c d c , c d t d cr t . f r dp s t C t rr p r p t r C p s t d m r córd d C , p t r r t c t r sã fr c c x v r sã j ã b

b t g . n d 1850, s t C g c c ã d rvrár t t tr c t r d c d d , d

d t d r c r , d óv , gr d p rt r cc d ã .

a c r ô d t d p dr d t d v p t p rt c p ã d i p r d r P dr ii, d r d d d d R g t

i p r , P dr d ar ú l . o pr d g r d 27 d 1852, t d c p t r g pr t d t r d g r Dm t r , d c d p r j m r j c t R , d cíp d rt tGr d d m t g , d t d - t c á c .

a d g tã d C t P r r c tr - , p rt r 1842 g r d 1852, pr d d píc d c d d , t r r t c

pr c r t d r r d s t C d d hP dr ii, c p d p r t r d u v r d d f d r d R d j


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u t rrív p d d có r c rr d c d d 1856 v v t tã pr v d r d s t C h ór C r r l ã v d d c c d r d r d p d . b c d r r

d r d d r g d p t t ã , c ór ã dt d p C .

D r t g tã d j d s R , b rã d Trê b rr , tr 1879 1883, r c d d à f c d d d m d c d R d j r p r

p ã t h p t G r p t s t e r r , t d pr r c í c d tr t t pát c d c d d .

o b rã d C t g p , ú t pr v d r d i p r , c r ,tr p r vár v pr d t d b c d br , tr p rt

g r d c d d c c tr õ c r p r t r r td t t ã , d d - dív d t t . C t r d p

t v d d d d s t C r r r d p d d . o r c d i p r d r D. P dr ii v à e r p d d c a g tf rr r d s t , v t p í , p t i t t t P t r dd j r , c d t d cr t .

m g j R r d C rv pr v d r tr 1902-1938, p rt t t p p r c c rg . C d r trr pr t t d t c d d p r c r r c s t C , cPr d t d m r f , C d Câ d d m d , C d a CR b r , G r G l d P m c d , tr t t . eg tã tr r p t d cr sã z c r p r tr d dn v , v d t d r à â c p r z s d c d d . a p d

t g c d d 1918 v t d t d t c td p c t , r t gr v cr c r t d d .

a s t C , p rt t , d tr t v vár t t õ c r d d úd C rt c h p t G r , h píc d P dr ii, R c t d Ór ã , R d d e p t , r r d n sd s úd m rr d G c tór gr t t , t d d c rt rc pr g t d r c , c p t rvg v r t d úd , t pó p d d 1918, v r r r r d c t rv ã d C r C g , D r t r d i t t t o w d Cr .


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a d t v t c t , s t C p rt c p dd d c t d . a 1813, e c a tô c , C rúrgm d c d R d j r , tã d d ac d m d c -C rúrg ctr r d h p t m t r p r d p dê c d s t C G r , c p d d p t . e tr 1856 1918, t óv

h p t G r , d c r t r r t R c t de 1918 d c tr ã d pr d d f c d d d m d cR d j r , Pr V r , t rr r g t p rt cs t C , d r d t p d pr v d r d j C t P r rpr d v r d d d r t r g t r, r pr á gr

t d t d d c , c trár r g .o pr r v t V r g d c t d R d j r

d c ã r t r tr d d v c t v r ó c p í

l r g d p d d v rí t gG c t r r i g t r 1788, v edw rd j r, tr v c pr d d c r rg ã , rv rd d r

tr gr p d v d r t t c v ã ct v cd .

e d 1796 j r v d j P ppt r d p r p , c d t d d , r t d

típ c r ã v c g d g t . s pó , p r j r c t r t d d c d v rí , ã pr t

d d .

a d cr ã d edw rd j r 1798 d t d g p r pr vv rí , tr v c ã d t r t d d õ c tâ d

p r d crít c v t d pr c d t r gp c d tr r c p r pr v ã d d . a pd v c ã , p vr d r v d d v c , r d d r d t r

ã , c r tr d d c v t p rc xix.

a t d tr d j r r c c d “v r ã ” c t c ã c tâ d t r t d d c d v rígr v d d . o própr j r v d t d pr c d t 1756

r t dr c c t .


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a t ã d t r d c õ v c r p r p v c rr d vár p tr d r db j t, d r g ã d D r t, 1774, c g d cr v r

ã d í c t t r . nã j r c gt r c c t d t p r t t r r tr . n a , pr r d P t r P tt d cr v dê t c p r ê c 1791.

apó pr r c , j r p r t d v d , p rr r 1823, pr p r ã p d p p õ p r

t d r t v c t c r, , t d d .

j r c g c tr r rd d c p c td v c v c t p p õ p r .

a tã d r g d vír v ccí c t t t rt , dp r v v t d pót d r g d ü , v

ct r v . o própr j r, 1817 v t t pót c g pr c d r õ c t r d r g ü , rg t d

r t d r c t . a tr r p r tr ga t r d d d V c õ d i g t rr ã ó t , c d

tr gr p v v d v c ã t v r ó c . C t t rr t pr t c t p ív d r r g d vír v c , pó tp g t t p í .

P rt g ã c à p rt d pr v , d d tr d ã dv rí p í p r t t 1635 s v d r, rg r p dp r v gr v r pr t v gr d p rd c ô c c

c ô . a tr d vír v c r d p rt dv d br , c t t t v d p t r ã p íc c t .

s r tr d ã d v c c tr v rí p í , r c t tr(l p & P t 2007), d cr v d c t c tr d r v di t t t h tór c G grá c br r (ihGb), cr t p r j md m c d j n r rt 1859, p r c t ã d i p r d r P drii i t t t . e t d c t p d r c d r d pr r c c d ,

t d V r g r c tr t t r tr rd c t tór c R d j r .


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o t t p t õ pr t d p r a tô m d R g v v c v d tr d d p í p r

c r rg ã fr c c m d R r d V c c , p r d rd V c d d s t a r , d m r ê d b r c , fC d r br t, r d r d d t d p

v c j r 1804 p d d c p r tr d r t i t t t V ccí c . e t t c tr - t t p d f

o w d Cr .

apó r d c d r õ p d r õ r d c

pr t d , d c ã r tr d t r d v c d m r d b r c , v P rt g t cr p r v rí , p r rv r d tr p rt d vír v c t

P rt g , tr v p g c v d vír d cr d r t c rc d 40 d d v g . e t d d r t d d c rt d g t d 1804 p r v d à t r d d p rt g , pr t c v v c ã C rt .

e r ã à d c t ã d a tô m d R r , c c c p v t d r d d t c c d tr d r

r pr t g d c tr v rí , t r c t d p c t , prát c d v r ã , c v d t r c d r g r d c grd t d “v c d ”.

e t p ód rv p r d r v c t v rtr d d p í 1808, d t r c c d c t p i

h tór c G grá c br r (ihGb), r õ d p pc t c r p ú r d p , c d t d c

o tr p ód p rt t v c rr r ú t d i pr v d v gr d v ã d D. P dr ii v

tr d 1886 d 1887, d d c a g t f rr r d s tpr r d q í c m r d f c d d d m d c (1849-1903),

g tã d j m r c W d r , b rã d C t g p ú t Pr vs t C d i p r , d pr d r tr r p r p í t c c

r c ã d v c t rrá c , v d r c t t fr p r l P t r.


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C , P t r D. P dr ii t r ã d rt dc t d i p r d r d õ c r p rt t p rc tr ã d r tór d t r i t t t P t r fr .

o t r tór d a g t d s t , c 392 pág , pr tà t r d d v t br , d t tr v d iP t r p c c t t c rv tór c t áv (s1888). u cóp d R tór t t c d f c d d d m d cufmG (www. d c . g. r).

s t r c ã tr v d c t d t p rctr cr t , p d d p m t r d n góc d i p r , tã c rgb rã d m r .

“o G v r i p r , t d t pr rv pr t dc c à d d p Dr. l. P t r, d d d c

t p r t tr pr r, d tr t t pr p t c d dr ppr v t d br , r v , d c rd c Pr v d r d s t C

m r córd , c r V. d r á e r p c p c d c p rt d , p r ê c tr , r ã á pt ,

P r .o pr d t c ã c rá c rr r d d t V. p rt r

d t C rt , rá d 14 , c pr d d t p d v g d d v t ”. opp rt t r t rá V r ã , c d c ã d pr

d ct d r pr c p r t d d cr c d f c d d , , p c t , d t d t r r r

tr t t d dr p , d p r t r d d p c c ã ”.

a g t d s t v d d t p r P r á 14 d pr t - P t r, tr g íg d Grã-Cr d ord

d R , c p d d D cr t i p r r p ct v , c c rt dpr t ã d p i p r d r d r g d P t r, d t d

d c t r c d , g d r t d a g t d s t c gr dr t ã .

apó c p r tr r d r tór , d D´u , r c c v t p r tr r d r t t r t ã


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Dr. R , tã v c -d r t r d r tór c d r P t r d i t t t .

a g t d s t d tr gr d d d c ã à tr d d r t t c gr d m tr pr r d cíp

pr v t d t d p rt d d r d d p r , pc t r t c c d pr p r d v c t rrá c ,

d d c ct d c vír rá c t t d tr t t d p t c d p r cã r v .

a t P t r, d 1880, c p , pc c d d d , p tr ã p rd d r d cã r

d d d c d d ã rg trág cc í c d v ã à rt d p c t .

a tr ã d r v p v v d d tr d p r vártr G t r, pr r d e c d V t r ár d l

c g c c c tr ã d c ã p r c . o P t r, 10 d d r d 1880, r c v d c c g d v v r r v p r c ã c .

a - à t p ã c c t r v r dd r v , d t vár pót r p ív cr rg

r rv d v .

D tr t d p r r d p c d r pr d vír rá c t rv c tr

p r r c , d táv c c õ pr t d p r D 1879, r t vír rá c pr p g v - g d r rv

t d t g d r g õ d rd d r , d r ã d rv p r r , d d d r d r ã v r ,

tr t d rv d t c tr rv . n pr r úd a d i t t t P t r d 25 d r d 1888, R d cr v

r d p r ê c r d r tr ã d vír rá c rv p r r c .

C t r õ d p ív , p rt P t r p r c t d r v c ã c t p r v c tâ

C r t d rr g r p t ã d c ã p


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P t r d c d t r c ã d r t t c r r d c , c c g r t d pr p t v . e t t c c d pr p g ãvír p r v tr c r r c c d p r P t r à ac d d C ê

30 d d 1881.

i c - tã r d p g c v d vír p r trv d - d ã d t p d c ã d dr d r v

d c rc d 15 d p r , p rt r d 80 p g p rv c r r . e pr t rv t v r , c dv r ê c g d p g c v . e t d t p r

t ã d v r ê c c c v ã c , r p tp rt d d d v v t d v c t rrá c .

n pr r õ , cã r c d p r v c tât r pr v t d t rv d c c rt p r v ;g d t cã r c d c p ã d c r r d cv r c d p r v tr c r r t r d c c t rd , c

c r r d 2 c tr p d c d c d pr r c v t , p d - d c c tr r g

c c .

a d c c c õ c v , cã t r r c ã p d d r c r vír p r v c r r , d r - t r

c tr r r v . a p d d d pr p r r v c p rt r d pr d c rt d , p d c d d d tr r c gr d ú r d

.

e g d P t r v r c p r t t v r ê c d p d d c g rd d r c p r tt r d , r c , c d ã d r g t d p t , t p r

d 20 25º c tígr d . a t d d p r c r t t t , v r ê c d crpr gr v t g d c rc d 15 d .

C t v rv ã , cã r c d p r v c tâd r t p r d , c p õ d d , d -

c t d r v r ê c c 15 d d t ã r c t d p r p d . e t d v v t t r

à d t t d pr r õ


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pó - c ã . a pr r d t j p m t r, g r t d d d d , t r d a ác , v d v r t gr

r v 4 d d 1885.

q d a g t d s t c g i t t t P t r, p gc v d vír p r v tr c r r d c c , c

ú r 176. a c ã t pr cíp c ã d15 d , t rd pó 20 25 p g c v , t p d cd r v t t d , pr p r t t 80 100 p g , d

p r t d . e t g d vír r d d dví s xo

t d à d c ã . a d rv p r v c ã . u d t g tr d p r

C ê t d d tr t t , d , 4.460 pt c d p r r v r tr t d p P t r, c

t d rt d d d p 1,3%, d rv t dp c t , t d d p d d d v c , v t d d 16%, g c p 642 p c t d v r vP t r, p . D tr pr r tr t d p i t t t

t p c t r r (s t 1888), ã t d c r v v p r á d c r , pó r gr d d p r r v .

D p t c pr r t gr t ã r c d cp t ã d v c ã t rrá c R d j r , a g t d

tr v t br trê c c d d Pv p r d v g 4 d d 1887, c vír d pr pd v c . D r t v g r p g p r v tr c rvír p rt r d c d P r d c r rdc r , t v tr d p r rd .

a p g g t d vír r d g pó c R d j r , 23 24 d , t õ pr v ór r cê t c d s t C , d r r t p

t c , t d íc d t v d d pr d d

a t d t v r t r p d r cr c p r tc p r tr p rt r c , p rt ct d , d tr t e r p p r rcá- v d v t br .


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u crív v t r própr c c c d íc rrd p g d vír r d rd 12 d d 188

c t t 155 p g d vír c r r d c , p rt r dc õ c d própr P t r.

e t c ã d cr t p r a g t d s t r“P 5 r d t rd d 12 d , v p r d c g d D k r, tr p

c c r c d g d c tr d d i t t t d Pc d 4 1/2 r d d , p rt c t 154ª p g , d c

d p r t tr r p r rd . n t p r ã , t

c d õ d íc rr c d , d d p d t ct Dr . art r P c c C r , d c d p tO oq .”

a d vír , r tr d d fr , c pr v t d c t r c ã , t r c ár p r t r rv t rrá t c d 170 t d v r , t d cr t r tó

c p t d - c t t t f c d d d m d c c d d p r t g d v r tór .

e t g r d c i t t t P t r d R d j r , rd

à s t C d m r córd , 25 d v r r d 1888, p rt t v t d g r ã c d pr d t d i t t t d P r t pó cr ã c d i t t t .

o pr d d r d p b rã d C t g p , Pr v d r d s t Cr d l r r ú r 62, ú r 308, d pr r td t d à v c ã t rrá c , r c d i t t t P ta r c t pr v v t pr r d , r d fr .

D v r t t õ rg r vár c d d r p , pr t c c d P t r, p rt r d 1886, c V r óv , s. P t r rg

m c od (s t 1888), ã c t d , p r , r d c t ãd t d cr d c d gr d c t t .

o t g i t t t c P t r, c r d p r d c tr i t t t P t r d l fr d a g r ,

t v d d 1894. o i t t t P t r d tã i d c , V tc c r 1895 c d d c t r d n Tr g d rd y r , r d - p t r r t r tór d s g , d d


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Pr d d t g i t t t P t r d R d j r r d l r r ú r 3

f t d r c t t ã d g t / m k b rt - 2009

f t r g - i t t t P t r d R d j r

C tt . o i t t t P t r d m d g c r rg 1898 dg d c xx.


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o i t t t P t r P r v d cr d p r D cr t Pr d c d d 1887, P t r d c d D r t r v t íc C d ad tr ã , c p t d r d d v r ac dfr c , r pr t t d ár d c t c ô c c d r td b c d fr b rã a p d R t c d, c rt t p r c

rr c d ã d d p r c tr ã d pr d d t v d i t tg r d g t (s t 1888).

e pr r tr R d j r , d s t C d pr d d r d l r r , a g t d s t t , tr v

t r d 1887, 940 c r p rt d p s t C d Rd Pr t , p r c t p í r rr g r p ú(s t 1888).

a c d pr d d r t d i t t t P t r rprópr a g t d s t , d cr v d c d d d ptá-

v t v d d , t d v t p r d tr . a t vd i t t t r c c tr d d r t rr d pr d .

e r d 1888, c d s t C , r r

c tí d c c d d t r t r p r v cc d ê tr d pr p r d v r dd d c ct d , á v r tór .

a v d v r r t v c p t c d d t d d c ã t d c d pr r tr t t b

d p c t p t d t r d ct d p vír rá c , d i T rr d r g ã d s d r , pró à c d d d R j r . a g r t c tr t d t d g r ã d i t t t , 25 d v r r d . C p r c r à c r ô b rã d C t g p , Pr d t d C d m tr Pr v d r d sC , v d d t r d pr t d d c , m c-Dm tr d j t vár tr t r d d d ár d c p r

g d d tr ã d s t C .

o pr d d R d j r v d r dê c d V c d d a p t r r t t d 1934 p Pr t r d tã D tr t f d


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33

o óv t d d p r t v d d c rc d v r , p r pr rv d p ct t r , c t p d c

d i t t t , r pr t d g rc d p g d t p p r d r t . C rt t d v r r pr v t d p

pú c d v g d c t tór c d p rtâ c dc d d .

o c v t d p i p r d r P dr ii 29 d t r d d g r ã , p rc rr t õ p r c rc d d

d tr d v v t r p r t d t v d d d pr p r t

v c t rrá c .o tr i t t t P t r rg r p í p t r r t c R c

(1899), sã P (1903), j d f r (1908), P rt a gr (1910) s tC t r (1910). C r t d t g g ã tc i t t t P t r d P r , c tr r d i t t t d

t c d c ô r c Á r c Á (R r 199P t r d R d j r p r c c t 1910, tr r p r r d m rr c ú r 25, d pr d d

pr c d õ , d p t r r t d c d c t rrá c p r R d R d ú r 118, p rd d - t

d i t t t P t r, c c rp r ã l r tór C tr d e tc d t d cr t . a - ã d r v d

t d , d c d d 1980.

a d r tór d cr v , g t , pr r c dtr t d R d j r d 1888.

s dúv d , t g d i t t t P t r R d j r cpr r d , v rd d r , r d r t

tác d v r d t r . o tr d a g t f rd s t c ír t t c t , p d v rp r d t tr gr d d úd pú c r r .

u c rt v ã d r tór , c d r d g d p r pc t c r c t t p c d (R & C r 2008).


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a pr r pág d r tór , d t d d 1888, r pr d d g r.

Pr r pág d r tór d a g t f rr r d s t , d t d d 1888.


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3Ep d p d : v rí , r

r , , p t

3.1 . V rí r ra c g d d C rt p rt g br 1808, c c rc d 15.000

p , tr pr d t r õ c rp c d c p t , d d r ã d t r t d r r (f r d 1999).

f t r t r dê c p r r c rt r c -c g d , c c d pr d r d r d d p r t d r do pr d c c d r c p c c c PR, d PR g t , tít d D. j ã Vi, p t t í g v r à ã , rD. m r i, t d d tr p r d t . a c PR rp p p ã c “p - r ” “pr d r d ”.

o r d c rt c ár c d r v v g p br c d gr d ã c d , l j d s

m rr c , tr v R b t c , r r à vc rt p l : “at d d c p t , r t - t rr ; p r v d c tí p d d t p vcr c rr pt d t rr ”... “c t d - c d d rc r p rt 22 pr t p r c ” (m rr c g d C d r 2009).


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o p ct d cr t d t ã d úd c d d c rc cr v g t , tã p rí d t , tr d ã

r p r c c d c , m t at â t c p d t d gr d t õ d t d .

a c g d d v cr v t t rr p d íc dd c d d 1830, d rc g , p r t r c rc

tár , p r t rc pt r r v gr r d r g br .

a p d d d g t v r t d tr d d Á r ccr v , d r r tr d p r p , c c

d v rí , r , p r ã á t d d t d r t .

o rv d úd r pr t c t t t t r dt d t d p p ã g r . f r d pr r pr

r r t d , d pr d c d v rí p p ãd c d r rc t d t t .

C t , á 1811, cr d j t V cí c d C rt , r prp r t t pr r ã d úd pú c tr d d p

g v r t R d j r . ap r d d c ã d d r à j t p pd p d r v c ã t v r ó c c d d t p r t d pr t d r t t d .

a , C t t ã d 1824 pr v d c tr ã d õj t , p d cíp õ d v c ã t v r ó c .d j r , Cód g d P t r d 1832 cr r g t r d d d v cp r t d cr d tr d trê pó c t , t c d

t p r ã c pr d t r ã (f r d 1999). uv r g d v c ã r tr d d p r o w d Cr

g r d gr d p ê c r v t p p r, c d t d cr t .

ap r d g ã , v c ã c t v t g r r d d úd p t d c d d 1830 p d v c d d .

u d c ã t t r c d d d r v c r d r t rt d d . C rt t , d c t d d d v c


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p p p rt t p c cr d t t pr d t t à p p

d ã d v r c rr r.a c d d d r c rd ã d õ v r cr

órgã c tr d d i t t t V ccí c d i p r , g t d 18e t t t ã 1886 r d à j t C tr d h g , rcr ã d i p t r G r d h g .

s rt t d v rí v t r c rr r d c d d 185d tr d v r g d d d t , r d -

p c v c pr p r d d ã v c g

p í , c t d - r t r c t d d v c d ,c rt t p r t tr ã d tr c õ .

a t ã d úd r ã à v rí p c d d gi p r , c g t t t v r tr d d pr p r d pr d t c pr t p t P t R Gr d d s . pr t r c p c r d g v r p r , p r , pó d

d t v d p á d d d v c pr p r d (f r d 1

a d i p r , 1887, v rí d cc ó t c c d d d R d j r , p r d t rc .

b rã d P dr a - (ac rv d CoC)


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n t t pr t g r d P dr a fr c , b rãd P dr a v r pr r d r t r d t r i t to w d Cr .

a t t ã , t r f d ã o w d Cr , r g ãc r ã d c d p t ô c c d d d s t d c xP r c d tr d t R d j r , b rã t v d PrC ár a v cr ã , t rr d c p d d , d t t ãpr p r d r t p t d d i t t t s r t ráp c f dC t c c p c d d c d p própr R , tã d r

i t t t P t r, d o w d Cr , c p , b t G v Cr d c g d b rã f c d d d m d c (fr g 2005).

C tr d o w d Cr , d g r ã d i t t t 1900, r t p t t v d p c d c p t

pó , o w d Cr d r ã d t t ã , v t d p r i t t t V ccí c m c p , d pr p r v v

t v r ó c t d t d .

o b rã d r t v d gr d pr tíg c d d d t p , c

c r rg ã r g t , t d p r d c c Pr d t Pr d tm r d r d c p . P í ó d r ã d c p rt fr c g , pó g t t t v r tr d , r c

d p í , 1887, vír v ccí c r g ár d , c dd t pr p r r pr d t v v , d p dê c d s

C d m r córd .

e 4 d g t d 1887 v pr r cr c v c p rpr p r d , c tê c d a g t f rr r d s t , d c

p t br v c t rrá c , c t r r t d cr t

e t t t v d p d r pr d ã d v c v t p r trr g õ d p í , b rã d P dr a , p r c t v própr , v vc r d r p r sã P , C rá tr t d , t d d c t ã d g d r t v t c d pr dd v c t v r ó c (f r d 1999).

ap r d vár t t t v d o w d Cr p t r r t d C rC g , p r tr r r pr d ã p r m g , d pr d


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d v c p i t t t V ccí c m c p t v - t 1920, r p d c tr t c Pr t r d R d j r d v r d r

g t .

a v c r r p d à t r d d d úd tr v r cv õ tr r d p c r , c õ d p

C t - g d pr d r d C t t , d pr d t r pr pp c ã tr d r c d . a , c t v pr v d

p d r pú c d pr d t c à úd d p p ã d r t d trê d c d , gr pír t pr d d r d P dr a , t

c rp r ã d t v d pr d ã p i t t t o w d Cr .

P v ã m r c pr r c tr õ r tór d i t t t o w d(ac rv d CoC)


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a d pr d ã v t , rg 30 t c g d v r d p r cr c t d vír v c . a t c c t d p r vár r tór d pr d ã p í , c v i

o w d Cr , t d pr d ã d v c br , d d d cd 1970.

o d v r d , r t c t õ t c t c táv d d , pr t v d v t

d pr d r r t d d d vír , c rc d t d d r t d v t , v t c v t d d d v c pr

p r tór .av d - c d d d R d j r , c p t d R pú c

d c xx, p r d p r ár d gr d t r tr t tô c , r c c gr v pr r , c d c

r d d ág g t , c t d t pr cár t õ c td d c rt , c gr d ú r d p v v d pr d d r , p c r g õ c tr d c d d .

e r ã à t ã , í t d r c pr

d r t t d c ác r d d p d r c dpr v g d , r t d à p p ã g r c d t g r d d d d v d p á c rv ã t d g

p ã . D r t t , d tr d c xx, v c tr d c d d c d v d d t d , cc r , tr t r c tr g .

e t pr cár c d õ p r t d ã d d ct rc , t , r p , r r , p t ô c v rív r d gr v p d d r dê c ã c trn p rí d d 1850 1902 v d r g tr d c d d d R d j58.063 ó t p r r r (fr c 1986). e t tr t t ã d c d dc d r d c táv p r c - t Pr d t d R pú c Ra v (1902-1906) c v c Pr t P r r P o w d C

v d d c d p tr jj s r p r D r t r d h g1903, p r g tã d s G rr , g c g P c í c GR d j r (fr g 2005). a c r p t ã d gr dr r c d d , tr v d d ã d pr d t g r d c


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tr r d r tr t p v d pr . e p c r r r d rr c t d d íc c p r r r a

C tr , t R br c .

e t r r r , g r gr d p ê c c c cc bo a abaixo, p r d p ct t p t v r t t rc d d , r t d c t d úc p p c d c tr d c d d , rt r d v ár d r d . C

c t r ár d c p ã d rd d rr pró , t d p t r r t c d t t .

e á crít c , pr tár c rd c t , t d t g d d , r p rd ár c tr d c d d p r p r r , d p r c t

p c c t d rr c d d .

C t d r r R d j r tr 1872 1909

e r ã o w d Cr , t d g t drá t c r p rt d p r ã /c tr d r r , v rí p t

c tr d d pr d úd r dê c , t rr d r d r tr t t d c r p r tr p

c tr d v t r , p c d t d p c A s a gyp i,tr r d r r d d g .


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o w d Cr , v c p d c t t c r c t d ã d r r C íc d c xx

pr p t d C r j f (j C r f ), cp r ê c d e R sã P d ã r c h

sã s t ã R d j r , t v g r d tr ã d d p A s a gyp i - tr c v g r d t r ã , pr p d

c r r t d d C trê .

D tór d c p d o w d Cr , R G r s v r , rr d b t g , Rj - (f t T rr 1913)

o p d c t à r r c 1903 c í , trtr d d , tr d c p r r c d t . m

c d c ã d s pr Tr g r t d v d d d r d ã d ú r d ó t g d g t p r dc v c t p r p r r r tê c d t t .


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a - 1889, d pr c ã d R pú c , r g tr d 2.156 ó t p r r r R d j r , c t

t ã t t d r t t d i p r d , d v rã , p r c rt d v p r P tróp , t t c gr d p

d c rp d p át c cr d c d R d j r , p r v t r d

a t d g t d d p rg r dê c p r c d t t d d t t d pr t ã p

ã tr t c ã , t g r p t t v pra r - prát c d d c ã d t d v p c

v t d c t d d , p r r út , d c ã gc gr d p ê c d c d c d d .

o w d Cr d cr v t d d t r ã d t õ : “a c p rg r c p t t c d . a t d

r íc ã c d t r p d d p p ”... “a c c õrr ã rt d p d r t d t d c rt c t d d

d p r d rr à p r d t r d pr d . apó cd t d óv , r d pr p r ã d 10 20 grp r tr cú c ”... “o r c d p c tã d c d p v p

r c p - tr v d d t d , p d - p r t ; t , p r , ã p d c p r d d r d

t r d d g r , p r c r t d p c rt r d tc p rg r p r c c d d r t d r í ” (o wCr 1909).

o tr t d p c d p r o w d Cr ráp d ã t rd c c r d d d , c d r c d

ct d d ár . e t t d g d p t r

c p d ã c tr d tr d , c cc p d c tr v rí , c v c rpó t v c ã c v c v t r d vd t c d .

n pr r tr d 1904 r t c rc d 110 vd c r t rd t d 626 d íc c . o p c t d

r t r d p t d p r p d r p rtróp d v t r . a t tí t c d c d r r ,


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r g tr r c rc d rt 1902, r p r p 48 á 1904e 1909 ã r g tr d c d d d R d j r vítd , t tr rd ár p áv g t .

i t t d p r p c t d r r . - (f t T rr 1913)

C t o w d Cr , v r d v t crít c d r

p t ã d d d d r , p r r c c d dp p p ã v vr d d r r , d td tr p c , c d , v t v c r r t d

p c t d .


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e r ã à v rí , 1904 3.566 p v rr d vít d , c d ú r p r v c d d p , p c p d v c ã tr d d p r o w d Cr . e 1908,

p d v ó t p r c rc d 6.550, c r t d d d v c õ c d .

n c ã o w d Cr c t c v ê c crp t p r t d r c d õ d d g r p c t

d cc . a - t t , d 100 d p d o w d Cr , c t ã d p r d t

t d , p c t crít c t d d , p pd tr d p r v r d v r d t p r c d d c

rrág c v r .

Pr d d m ã fr c h p t sã s t ã p r d cc , R

(f t T rr 1913)


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a v c ã r g tór c tr v rí p r d 31 d t r d 19pr v d c t d c d d p C gr , p r t v c ã

c tr v t d d p , d d t c r v t p p t t c d d p r vár d . e r d d , c d

P t r m c p d 1832 á pr v v c ã r g tór c tr v

g d p d vár p í r p c ã , p r ã r c pr d p í .

o v t t c rt t c p ít c c tr g v r d R dr ga v , c v t r t r r r d t r p d r c tr ,

d r d d rt t g v r c v d R pú c , c t c r30 rt d 100 r d , d gr d ú r d p pr

d p rt d p r r g ã ô c p r ã d c d d .

C rt r d c v p r ã d r p r r t . - (f t T rr 1913


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u t r p rt t p v t c tr v c , p r pd t r p c p rt t , r P t v t ,

d a g t C t , ã c t v t r p t r d d cr rg c d r d d .

j r d p c r t gr d d túr c rr r c tc rr r , d túr trâ t , c rc c d , v íc d trpú c d pr d d d , p õ d ã pú c

p dr d , d tr ã d c d d d íc pú c pr v d d rr d , tr d r v t d p p ã d R d j r c tr pr

d r g t r d d d v c ã t v r ó c pr p t p r o w d Cra c d vol a a vaci a rg 10 d v r d 1904 t v c í d 13, c gr d v t d r d tr ír

pú c pr v d d tr p rt r . o t d t d m t r, tã d d Pr V r , c d d t ce rc t t t c Pr d t , d r r v t p ptr p r d c rc d 200 v c d t , c d d p r t r dp t t , t t d r g r P ác d C t t d r p d p r tr pg v r , v t d c d t à d d e c .

a d v c ã r g tór c d p d v r , d cr t d t d d ít c rr v t tr võ t r c tr r v t , r t d pr õ d p rt

a ô , c d - t r d t p t t .

e r r v t t v d c tr d t r t , c p v c ã c t v r r t d p ód o w d C

d p r p c gr d d , d d c v c d d d t v r dê c . e d t p ód , rr d p r

G rr (fr g 2005) 14 d v r d 1904, o w d Cr c tp r p t d c v r , r c tr v t d , p r r gr r n t t gr p cr c t d p g r - rd c d tã r d r V tár d Pátr , b t g . o c g r p dr t r r c tr c c r d g , r gr t r d d í d o w d Cr p t r r t d própr d

c v p r c d .


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C v t d r d d r t r d v c õ v r c d d ú r d c d v rí p r c p t

d d c d d , c pr v d c rt d d d t d , rc t p r t d c rt t c táv .

ap r d r v g ã d v c ã r g tór , p r c c dd pr t r t t d d v c p r tríc c r t

t v d d , d , g c t ã d r g t r d dv c ã d r t v . e 1910 r g tr d úvít d v rí , d o w d Cr á ã r D r t r d h gp r v d d rc d v d tr d t c d

l t v t c íd d o w d Cr , p c v t r c d v rí c d d g d , r c pr d â c

c õ g c d p v r t d vír d d v rg d p r t t Á r c r tr d d p í .

e 1908, c r c c t p tr , Pr d t aP r i t t t d m g c i t t t o w d Cr .

apó t t t d , rc d õ v t à

m tr d s úd d , o w d Cr d c d d d c r- t i t t t , r v p t r r t c t r õ rt d p írr v m d r -m r b d P rá.

u á crít c d c p c tr v rí pr c p t c r r , tr c ã p r t tr c c

c tí c tr d c p d . l r - d tr ã d tr ã d r r p v t r A s a gyp i

v c rr d p 1900 C , d r t c t c pr v d c t c t c c t d d c c v

t d d e t d u d , C r f . e r v d d 1871 p t r r tr ã c rr tr v d p c d d A s a gyp i.

C f r t r t d t r d pr r d cr vc t dã c c rr tr ã d d . C r j f , p

tr , d c d vár v p r Prê n , p r c g , t v p t d t r c d a r c l t .


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a p d d d tr ã d r r p t t r r t j n tt, e t d u d d p c c r vr r t (n tt & R p 1850). n tt r p r

c tr v r pr t v d d gr d r g d d , d c t v c t r p c d d p t c p d

r pr d cr ã , r .

P r tr d , c pír t rv d r tr v c pd t c d d g d , c v t d p rd d

c r r , d d r ú c r d g t d

r v c r d tâ c tr c d d t d d e t dc v t c rt pr , c v tr v d r , r p rp rt t tr v t , pr pr t d v c

a pót v t d p r l D b p rt , c d c r d G d p pó t d fr

V . o rg t d b p rt , p c d d 185p r ód c “G c t o c d C á”, c d d d V , r r cp t r r t p r o w d Cr c t t v c c dc r r t 4 C gr l t -a r c 1909 (f cã 1972),

r b p rt cr d t t ct v c g t p t r t d c c d , v r r pâ t .

j C r f


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T d t p r r c r d r d prgr d r d c t p râ , pr c p t r p , c pd d t r tr ã d r r p r v t r , t t c pr v d h v p r W t r R d c r d r r cc 1900.

R d t d p c t r t r d í g g , pr t d d c r d r d c c d vír t , ã c rr . s gr d

r t c pr v ã ív c d t , ã v d c gp r t c r , c v f .

n br , f gô l p ut g pr r d d dtr ã d g t d r r p t , ã d ac di p r d m d c d 27 d t r d 1885, g t d p rt

r t r (fr c 1968).

a p r ê c r d C 1900 p r c pr v r t tr r p t d sã P p r e í R , c c r ã d ad p

l t , o c r m r r , D g P r r V , a dr R j ár f rre tr d r d 1902 r d 1903, d c v v d p

c d - ad p l t c gr t t d r - p r t ct d c r r t v r c t t d r t cr p d p c t v rr d d d , v ú t c , r tr ã d c ã (a t 1992, m rc 20

f t c c í c rg d d tr d r p ct c t d , r d p c gr v d d , c t p

c pr v d r d t v p p d v t r tr ã c ã .

e p r ê c t r d R d j r p r m rcs d d m ã fr c t v R d j r íc d 20, c p rt c p ã d o w d Cr , h p t sã s t ã .

u t tór c r v t , c d d r d 1896 pr g t d 1897, c d t c tr p ã d CrLomba ia, d r t . a p rt r R d j r , c d t

c tr d p r t v r v t r P tróp . a v tpr t v d r r . nã r t d à c ã v


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d t , tr p ã r c t g rd - r , vv t d tr t r d p t t . a g rd r c g d d vc d t , p d v pôd p r p c d d . n t v

t d d c r t rr r c r r .

a p d rd t r d d p rt ár c tr t r tr pp r v r v t i Gr d , d tr p ã t c rp á v l r t p t d r t p r t d r t

t õ c t .

P rt d l r t p r r t d tr p õ p g r t d i Grp t r r t tr r d pr ã , d t v d .

(f t T rr 1913)

a p rd d gr d p rt d t r d g rd - r , t d rr d 234d 337 v p rt d R d j r , d c d c dd p át c p r p rt d itá , g v d c d t r d d rp r c v t t c . o c rp r v d p r C t


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i g , rr d G , d r p t d tr g r d ct d vít d r r .o C t r , cr d 1811 p r c t v d l rd str g rt,

c p c t v r v g p r br , d t - r g p t t d pr t t t g c , ã p d r p

gr c v t c tó c , c r c t d p c .

a r g ã d c t r , à r d r, r t p t r c , t d d v tp r vár r d c rt p rt g , c v D. P dr i, r d

t tã v g t d p t t d tr d gr . T r - pr r c t r rt d c d d , rv d c d p r p td c t r c tó c d c c p ã R d j r p sC , c t C t r d C p t r r t sã j ã b th c t r tá t d d r c rc d d c d d d r d , p r t g p t r d p ív r cca sa-mo is p vr t “ w v r”.

C t r d i g . - (j. sc üt 1850)


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n pr d d d c t r c v R V g , d tr t d r t d v d d cr v c g d v gr

u tr d d r c d à r r d r t i p r c n t ró h p t m rít d s t i (hmsi), t t ã c t r d c d c rt , c t d t p g t r c d r

d r p t d d p r tr t t d p rít .

C t ã d R pú c p t r c d P Cd c p g t , t g D r t r, p r g d t p p rd

c r ct rí t c d p t rít p t rr à r t , c d t c t d d .

a tr t r c t rg d , c v d p p ã d t r , v p rd d c rt r c t t c rr r c dd tr ã t t . o t g hmsi tá t d r t d t ã d rcC r t , rr d c d d . a p rt t r t r d

C d Pr c , d cr p c ã t d d . o rc tr ã tá p r r d r t t r . u d t t r

d c t r p t tã d p ív c rv d mm r , h d , d r t d cóp d d c t , c r

p rtâ c t p .

Trê t(1856, 1922 2006) d

C p ar t tô cd h p t m rít d

s t i .j r - n t ró - Rj

1856 1922

2006


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ad p l t - (ac rv d CoC)

a d 1909, p d d r r d c r d t tR d j r , c ã d A s a gyp i, r g t

c d d g , g t d p d p rt t d d cxix R d j r v r p t r r t c r gr v prc r t r d t tr r, c d c t d t .

e r d d ã r t d trê c p d rr d c ã d v t r t d , pr r p r o w d Cr , p t r r t g d c p

c rd d p r C t fr g d c d d 20 c p c t td rr d c ã d d c d d 1950-1960, t d c p d .

a c p c rd d p r C t fr g , D p rt tn c d s úd P c 1926, c d d d 1928 19

d r r c c d d d R d j r c rc d 7c , c 436 ó t . n c p , C t fr g r p t t c cd o w d Cr d d tr ã d rv d v t r, c t d c p df d ã R ck r , p rt r d d 1931, p trt d p í c t A s. a gyp i d t c vê d c

G v r r r . a c p c g ár ítr d c r t c ã d r d d d t á c .


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a t rc r c p d rr d c ã d A s d v v d ívc t t p r c t v d org ã P r c d s úd , d1950, t d d A s a gyp i d c r d t t br 1957, v t d

t v t d c d d 1970.

a pr r 200 d d v c c tr r r c g r r d 1937 75 d r p c d d r p r v R d j r d d m G r (h t

d c d d 1937 r c ã d pr d t br , c d cr t .

ap r d d d t d , r r v tr c t vár r g õ d p í d c t t à v g â c p r

r p t ã , c d r d tê c d v t r r A s a gyp i t d t d d R d j r .

e p d r c d r tr d ã c rr d 2000, d r d t d c d d d R d j r v t r c óg c p r d G á , v c r pr v t . a v t r à c d d , d gc í c r t r t v c ã d r r d

gr v d d , r g d p r v c ã t r d r dê c c d p ív c c dár , t ã c rr r c . 2001).

e r ã à v rí , c d , pó c d c po w d Cr , c c rr r d t p v c õ c r c r

ú r rg p í v tr d vír d v rí , dtr , c t d t d d t r d p 1%, d t r

c tr ír p r v rí v t t r r dê c t d

a v c õ c v p p rt d cr , c rr r v cd gr p , d t tí t c d c rt r v cpr d t t d r c r ê c d p tê c c tc ct r , c d r õ c p r v p rt t , d cr

v c p r p rt d p p ã . er prát c c p c r t ptc á c ã v c , p r pr v r p g d v c

ct r c .


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a t ã d c d c ã d org ã m d d s úd drr d c r v rí , d c t p t d r d 196

r g p í r , c d br , r v r trd v c ã , r r pr d ã c tr d v c pr g d

p r r c rt c d p r p drõ t r c tr d ã d v c , t c rv d c g c r . a d

d r p t d c d v c ã rg c d p p d t d r d c ã t d G r d rr d c ã d d ,

g t c t d c p d v c ã p ípr r d pr gr .

a d c p d rr d c ã ív d r ãtê c d tr p d r t r d v rí d ,

d v c c pr v d t c , pr c v r r d r d p í pr d t r r t v c t g d d d d d r t t d c r ê c p c pr g

c t ct í t p r v c rr r tr ã .

a f cr R d j r c c - c d gr d pr d t rd v c d , d t c d - d j f c d C cc rd d r d pr d ã , c c rc d 231 õ d d t1948 1971 d c d ráv p rt p rt d , pr c p t p r pr gr d v c ã Á r c .

a f cr c d d vár p d g t p r p d oc C r d q dr , r c p d rr d c ã vár p í , d ú t c t r d d d t ct d s á1977.

o vír d v rí c d r d p ív g t d t rr rt t d , c p rv ã d C tê a r d oms, v d

d v v d pr t d t d r t d ráp d d d g ó t c , v c dr g t v r t v c tr vír , d r tór

d tê tr v v d vír d v rí , e t d u d (CD tr Rú (V ct r).


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a a r c r c rt c d c vr d v rí t r d 1e d r d 1979 c t c rt c d rr d c ã d v rí

d , c pr r t t , ú c d d p d p t . e t rr d c ã r c c d ã d aG r d org ã m d d s úd d 1980.

n br r v c d c rc d 80 õ d p , r pr84% p p ã p c . a f cr t t c d d r tór

c d r rê c , d tr c d i t t t ad p l t P , p r d g ó t c d c p t d v rí tr 1968 1

r tór d f cr t c d D p rt t d C ê c bd e c n c d s úd Pú c (ensP), c c rd ã d h rsc t r, t d ú t c d v rí br a r c c rr

rr d Cr r , rr d P d R d j r r d 1971, v t g d p r j ã b t t R jú r c r d r tór

3.2 . ia d g rr d d 1914-1918, c r rg r tr

t r c v c d gr p c t d t d d d c v t ct d , c tr t r d c t p r

j f c d C


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r t rv d c (Cr w rd 2000), p rt t cd t t tã r g tr d .

o rv - d t d t d d p p õ vt ã v r d c rr r t , d d ã

r pr t d d tr c t (st rt-h rr c . 1985).

e t - t d c rc ã d t c p v r t , 50%p p ã d t v c t t c g t , c 25% pr t d

t d gr p , c rt d d tr 50 100 õ d p(G rt 2005), v r r d rt c rr d d g

d r d c p d .

P gr d ú r d c c t r t d c t e p t v tr c t r d r d d r ú r d

c p í , p d c d d d gr p p , d d tr p í t t g d p p d .

e r ã à r p rc ã R d j r d p d d 1918-1920 e r p , tíc r r c t r c dd pr c p ã p t r d d d úd d br , g d - d tâ c , c c p r d , ã p r t r c g d d p d

p í .

C c t d c v c gr p c , d td v v r p d t dr d p gr v . a g r

pó d r tr d p t , rg dr d c rt c r c rt pr , p r c ê c r p r tór g d .

a gr p p r d d c rr d d d 1918. n

pr r d , p rt r d v r r , r d r d ã c d trê d d r - t r. n g d p d , p rt r d gt r - d gr v c t d d v d , d c p r d c pr r d p dê c .

o tr d r p rt t tr d p ód pr r tp c t e t d u d e r p , t g d c

d t r , c d Á , Á r c a r c d s C tr .


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a p d c g br p p rt d R c , t r d 191 t d d c v d d D k r, tr d p r r r r r

rv t r r g ã . o tr t pr váv tr d ã d tr v v rc t g ê s.s. D r r , r r t l v

D k r / R c / s v d r / R d j r d p rt íc d t

n R d j r , p d c - d r d dd l d r (br t 1997). o tã d r t r d s úd Pú c , C r s

t pr c p ã p p d d d d c rp r pr c r - tr r c rg c rát r d g

c c t p c d d . n d 7 8 d td g t c r c n t ró 88 t r pr c d t gD k r v c g d br 23 d t r (br t 1997). ed t r ú r d p c t á c v v t , c d

c d rt .

À d d c t v ú r gr v d d , pâ cc t r c t d c d d , tr r c d

t , c rv pú c p r d p t t , c r p rt õ pú c . R t r rv pú c d ár d úd , tc ót c c d õ d pr t r í pr c r v , p

t g r d p d r c c d .

a p p ã d r c r g d c d d v pr pr d d d ã p r t tr d d r p ,

t r id d m d r p r c p r d p t grtã gr v e r p .

f rt crít c r d r g d D r t r d s úd , c r c rg 17 d t r . s t t t T óp T rr c C

C g , tã D r t r d i t t t o w d Cr , p r c r r c trp d , t t r c v t t d c r.

C g c v g r ã , c t c v c d ú c r , d c c v c g d ac d

pr t r c rr à p p ã t c c p t d rgê cp t d t d t ( ttp://c r c g . ct. r/).


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o própr C r C g í d c r , r v v d t dà c ã . o d t ã t v R dr g a v v d p r v d t d Pr d t d R pú c d v r t r p

ê d t r . R dr g a v d c d r cc c d r d 1919.

D r t p d í t r v v d t õ c ív d g r t g d , v c r c rp c v

g d r , d r r c d pó g d , cr d vd t c d c rp d c p ã r d rt , t r v d

c d õ pr cár p r c t r p t d c v c(K t 2002).

P t d tr p rt p c õ , v t prd c t , c t t c t c d pc d p r c r c C rr d m ã 21 d t(br t 1997).

a c d d c c v , r v t r , gr d r c d . e 19 d t r d cr t d r

d trê d (br t 1997) t c ã c c d á t g d t d d p p ã d c d d , t d 700.000 p . e15 d v r d v g - d d p d d t tã r g tr14.349 rt , d d d 13 d t r .

o ú r d c d c dr t c t d t r , r t r d c d d p c p c à r t d ár , c d r p r t p rg t v r v t d p d , ã c rr .

a - c r v d 1919 t r d d dt d t p (br t 1997), c p p ã r v v t c

v v d pó gr d tr g d d ê d t r d 1918.

o p ód c r d c p r r r d rv úd pú c t d , p rt r d 1919, c t v p rt c p ã d C r

C g .


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f t d c d d d R d j r c d d c d d 1920, p c t p pó p dd , v d - c tr t rr r g rr d urc à d r t ,

Pr V r , t g e c m t r, p rt c p d “R v t d V c

D t d t g e c m t r, r t à Pr V r . - (f t P. f )


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u p c ã c tí c d rt d d v d d t p d ã tá d p ív , p r t t cr d t ráp d v

d ív d c t c p c t d c d d p r d t r d tr, c gr d cú d d p õ ,

õ p c r . i t p c r pr d gr d ú v tr vít , r p d r d r c rp t óg c d gr p tár d .

e t d r c t , r c p r r r g t d tr d vírp r t c c c r , d c rp d p c t c r d

a k d r t p d , d t c r tr t r g t c d c rc t 1918 c d vír d t p a, g h1n1e t g d c rc d d d , p r ã pr

v r ê c d tr d 1918. apó t gr d p d , rg r d , g d t p , tr p d rt d t r

gr v d d c , p r p , p d d 1957/1958, c d p trh2n2 d d gr p át c , t g d t t t d t d

r c t d t d d .

oc rr r d p d d 1968, tr h3n2 ( h gK g) d 1976/1977, v t c tr h1n1 g tr p rc t r t d r r pr p r ã , t rg t dp d d 2009, g t t g .

a r d 2009, tr c tr t r á c h1n1 rg ,pr v v t p r r c õ g t c d tr í , v ár

m c e t d u d , t g d r p d t trp í .

e pr r d d 2009, p d v c d 62 p í , c r d 17.410 c c 115 rt . n br v d c r d

t d t p 18 c t .

a org ã m d d s úd c ã c c p ódív c c , c d , d c d rt t ê c

r ã d p d d p r t tr , p d p ct p pó p r ív 6, r c c d - pr d p d

r c t d d r r p ód d 1918-1920.


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e d t r d 2009 r r g tr d p í , g d oPas oms, 9249 c d 899 t . o v d ú r d c p c c gr d d d r rv d úd , t t t dd c , c d g ó t c r t r , d r d p

r r c d p r d g ó t c .

f c ár p t r c d d d R d j r d d d rc t ã ár pú c d p t d t d t d c pd r t r .

a p d br t g pr c p t d t r g ã d c c tr r c rc d 70% d c , d d d tr

tr r g õ .

u v ã d m t r d s úd v r d 2009 tr t d t d d g p í c p 0,8 p r 100.000

p c rc ã d h1n1 r g õ n rt n rd t d p í . a tt d d t d d s v d , c d á t d d P r á. o R d j r pr t t d 0,84 c c d -

t g r p í .

e á d t d 7% d 22.565 p c t c tr írgr p í p í v r c r. e t ú r r pr t 24,4 % d d 6.260 c r g tr d p oms, d p rt t , t t t c t b

p í c r ú r d ó t p v vír . n t t , c d r d t c ã t r g õ d d , d d p d

r pr t r r t ã d c ã ív g .

D v d à c t t d c õ vír d , t v a, r g d , d d 1947 oms c rd r

d d r tór t r tr c rc t . a r dp t d 85 p í c 110 r tór p r ã , c d

C tr d R rê c i t r c i t t t o w d Cr .

P d gr d tróp , c p v t d pv d d t p , tr d d v t p d ,

a, pr v ív v táv . a v c ã d gr p d r r c , ã r d 3 d d , c d r d

p rt t p r pr v r c c í c d r gr v d d , r gr v p d t t g d pr c p t p p õ v .


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3.3 .P ta p t c t t gr v pr d úd pú

rg d d p dê c , t d d c r g d d rd rd d c d õ d g d gr d c d d d d c d

pó r v ã d tr . at g d t d c c , r t r d d c r d tr ã g t t óg

s t c tr d ã d t c c d c t r d t c d d c dd 1940 1950 d c p d , t r - p ív c t v r vír

c d d d t r pr t . atr v d cr c p trô c c vír r g t t óg c d dr , v d - tã t

d c g r v c c p d c tr r d .

o pr r rt R d j r d cr t p r f r d f g r1911, c c d c c p d (C p c . 2005).

c ã d c t - r d tr d d vír rg , prr c g d p c ã d cr õ c d p c

P rtíc d vír d r c t t d , c p ct p ór c .(f t m k b rt /ioC)


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Vír d p t r t p 3 - (f t m k b rt /ioC)

e 1953 v c rr r r p d t tã r g tr d Rj r , c d - c c t d 21,5 c p r c td d p r t pr c p ã d p p ã c d , d v c c p d pr v - .

o h p t j r tã r rê c p r tr t t d p pr d d d “p õ d ” c t ,

d d p r pr d c d d r p r tór d t d p p t , r tr t dr , t r v r t

rt .

o d d r p t R d j r tr 1907 1974 r v d p r v h g r (1975), d - , p rt r d

t c ã t c d 1968, t 1980 r r g tr d tr 1.100 c d p t t d br , c tr d R d j

p rc c d ráv d t t t . s rt c rr r g t r g õ d p í , c sã P , pr d tr d c d d rgd v c ã p d cr .


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e 1948, e d r c r d r c rt rt g r d gr p Prê n d m d c , v d cr t r p c ã d vír d p

t d d p c t , r g t d t c d ã rv , d c c t d vír t c rát r c v t r tróp c .

C t v r ã d p ív d d tr r c d d p r j s k, c pr p r d v c t v d

t tr gr p d p d t , c rd d r p ct vp r C , K pr w k a rt s , p rt r p r t ã d v c v

t d .

C tr t p r t ã d vír p r v c r dc r d pr t c pt r d t r , v t pr ã ó t c , c d g r d pr d t , p p ívpr d tr vír tr t c d . e r d t

d c pr v d r ã c õ v c d p r g t d r vd pr t , g d d d r t d t d d tr g r t d d r , t d r c t d t cr p r pr p r d pr d t .

a v c t v d r d p r 1955, c r t d c v c t , d - p t d p í c s cD rc .

a g d t p p r , v c c vír v v t d c g r d pt , p c t p í c br , p c

p c ã p r v r d c ár p d d p r d cr .

e 1957, s d v v gr d pr gr d ã d cr u ã s v t c , d c rc d 15 õ d cr r v c d

t dv r d tráv . e t p r ê c d t v p r d các d v pr d t p d d d p t r v c õ

gr d c , c ráp d ã d c c í c d d .

Tã g d , v c c r t d p r p d tbr , c d rt d t r ã c , p ã - ã d p p c ã d p d r c r p r c pr r pr d t . C

t g r pr ã p r t r d d tár d r


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pr d t p r d p p ã g r . D - t 1961 p c r v c r 25 cr sã P .

n R d j r pr r c p r d P tróp d g t 2 d t r d 1961, t g d c rc d 15 cr (C

c . 2003). n t pr r c p - d d t p 1 g d d c t d trê t p , p r ê c d tr r d ã r p c prát c p r t r pt p v c

c trê t p v v d c ã t r , c d c d d p c d .

e t c p c rr d t v p í dúv d r t p d v c r pr g d , t d v t c t t r

v c r , c d d d p c ã , t pr g d , p r p c ã d vír v c cr , pr v d t r

d t c rp ã d vír v c p p d d c r cr ã t v d v c d cpr v d ã . a v c r p d c p c dr p d t t rr p r rt , p t r r ív t t vír v g , d r p c ã .

C r t d t tã t d , r - gr d c pd v c ã R d j r tr 16 21 d t r d 1961,

p c r c rc d 500.000 d c t d p t p dc d d , t g d cr tr tr d d d .

o tr p ct p rt t d c p d rr d c ã d p t g d r d d d g ó t c r t r , c rd d p i

o w d Cr (sc t r c . 2002) c c t d úd p c d vár t d , r tr d c v

c r g , r d d - d p p t t th d d g ó t c t p C tr d R rê c nd ms / oms ioC.

h t r c t , r g d t r d c vê c r d tioC oPas c d d c d d 1960, d t d r tód t r v r d r t rr d p v ã R ck r c pm g .


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e t r tór t v r p d d d r d g ó t c d p t d p t tr d r d v

t t ã d pr r v c r d tr íd p í , v t c ã , v d d d p t d d vv d c r p d p r t d t d , g pó pr p r , p rt

c c tr d p rt d d v c .

P r pr p ít c , r tór d t v d 1964 tr d d g ó t c r t r d c p t d p td d tr ã d v c , p r c t d t i t t t n órgã t d . e t i t t t d d tã rc ã d r tór cd t d d R d j r V r g , c d t d cr t .

e 1968, v r tór d t r v r t d p r h rsc t r, c p rt c p ã d ak r h D p rt t d C ê cb óg c d e c n c d s úd Pú c , t r d - rc tr d p í p pr gr d m t r d s úd rr d cd p t . n t r tór d ensP r r - pr r

br r vír t r c c õ d ág g t , t d d v t t d p ã d í d G r c c r ã d

m r . a t c g d c c tr ã d vír d v v d rr tr r d c ã p r C t sã P , d t t t v r g d .

o r tór tr r d ioC 1977, d p r c t c C tr d R rê c n c i t r c , c c rd ã d ed

e d s v d p c t c g v d p r á dd vír d p í , t d d r g v c , d d rr d cc rc ã d tr v g p í . e t r tór t d dd p r ác d p v t c d à v c ã r , tr v

d g d tr d p í , pr gr c r ãc ms, p r t c pr v r g c r c dv c ã , t r c c d d cr t t tr p í .

e 1971 t t P n c d C tr d Pc t c c p t d d e pír t s t , p r v

r p t r óg c d v c cr r c c t d v c ã d t d ú c d (b t c . 1974, C p c . 2003). n g

p p d p r 14 t d .


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e t tr t d d e pír t s t d gr d p rtâ c úd pú c , c p r t r d ioC, c d 600 crd d tr 3 4 d d d , v v trê c d d d

o t d c c c r r p t r óg c p r c d d td p t pó v c ã r , c pr v d p t ã d vgr p , t p d vír d p t c rc t ár rv c p p t p r Pr gr n c d C tr d P

d g d (b t c . 1974). u d r t d p rd pr t d tr ã d r ã d t c rp , r

d v c d , c t d d d vír d r t p 3 t v c v c . e t t r t p ód rd t 1986 d cp t t d r t p 3 c g t t óg c , t d c rr dp r t p , t R d j r .

C t t - ú r d p rtíc d t r t p p r cd 600.000 p rtíc p r d , c rr d tã d p r c t d td c d p t c d p r t t p d vír , t rr d cd p í .

h v gr d d c õ r d v r r d t d v c ã ú c d d v r r r r tr d v cr t . o gr p d pr d R d j r pr d d v c

c rt pr , p ã pr v c , t d vd drá t c d ú r d c d p t , à d d c p

c d .

a D n c d V c ã t c r d r d d c p , t d g p r c t , c

v c r cr tr 0 5 d d d , t d R d j r c d t p rc t d c rt r .

e 29 d t r d 1994 t t d c rt c ã d êd c rc ã d vír v g c t t , g c d rr d cd p r vír ã -v c t p í .

a rr d c ã d p t t v c p rc r p rt t Rj r f cr , tr v p d r tór d ioC g d

d b -m g , r p áv p pr d ã d v c


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c d r d p d tr p d g t d R d j r cR d m , ed rd m r ã f r d l d r, tr vár trc g .

o tr d b -m g p t c c t c t d c rd d c p r ã t c c tr br

j pã , t d c t v tr rê c d t c g d pr p r dc tr d v c c tr p t r p . D tr d c td c rd , pr d ioC d b -m g t v r j pãr c d t c g d pr d ã c tr d v c , c d t

r v r ê c pr t . apó t t d , t c d c pm g ctór d pr t t d t d pr t r td pr d ã d b -m g , c t t d v r ê c d v cc tr p t r r .

i c t c tr d d d d v c r t D p rt t d V r g d ioC, tr 1981 1983, r pp t r r t t c g p r i t t t n c d C tr d q

s úd (inCqs).

a g d , c d d pr d v c r rc dd p cr c t d c d d d p rt ã d pr t , d

ã t c r p í t d t p d pr d ã d v c , c t d p rt r c c tr d v r c p t d - d t p d pr d c tr d d d p í . Vár v t c óg c r d c

à pr d ã p r b -m g , c r ã d pt d à c d õ , c v t r - t d r d c d pr d t

o pr gr d oms d rr d c ã d p t ív d vc tr d d c d d p r r ú t c d d . a

t r - tr t g c p r p í tr d b -m g , d t rr c t d v c c ár pr gr c d c tr

d , v c p c d v c ã tê c tt p r t r c d p t d .


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o rr d l d ip , d c d d 1930, v d - d C p cà rd p rt d p t d c rr d d jó C br r c d t

r V c d d a r .

o C p d s , r t t t t d C rc v d r g t c tr íd d r 1885. a t t d Cr t R d t r g r d 1931, tr

v ã à rd d r t , r t r d d c d d 1940, p rd d c d d d t t r c t t r t .


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4Ep d d d g a d

4.1 . ep d d d gep d d d g r d cr t 1846, 1847 1848 c d d

R d j r (R g 1872), 1886 cíp d V , Rj (l 1d d r c vár p p r c r V c

polka, t ú t r c d c d r rt c r t t p d d 1922-1923 n t ró (a tô P dr 1923).

a trê c p d rr d c ã d v t r A . a gyp i, r d r g dp r c tr d r r , r t r t ã d dC t t d t v vr d c ã p r d c d , t ã

ã t t .

a g p í c e t d u d , V g dã p rt c p r d pr gr tr d r t p 2 tr d d

d c d d 50, d v r ê c , c t c rc d R g ã C rpr d p p õ d A . a gyp i r c t .

C d rt c ã d pr gr d rr d c ã d v t r, c rd dp oPas, d v d rg t d tr pr r d d r d ã d r c

c rr v t d tr r p t t , a r c C tr , C rg d p ã p r a r c d s , t t c tr

vír d g , r rg d p í , g d t p .


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o d g r t p 1 c p d p v a r c d cd 70 p c pó c br , p d t db V t , R r , 1981/1982, t t c r t p 4. e 1986,

t t , r t p 1 v c r gr d p d R d j r

o r t p 4 d ã c d c t t , p d t t c rr r r t , p t trá g d p v

d t r r, p c v rã . [(e d 2010 b V t , R rc r d r - tr d ã d DenV-4 br (sVs 2010)]

Vír d g r t p 2 - (f t m k b rt /ioC)


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q tr pó , g t R d j r , pr c t n t ró , d r t tr d v g â c t d cíp

d t p 2 d c c á c d d g .

C p d d C v c rr d t t p r t p rg d pó tr d p d p r t p 1, cr -

gr d p ct t v t d v t p d d d r pr d r d j r tr p d d d g rrág c . o t ã c cr t , tr t t c rr r c õ c dár p r t

c r t d gr v d d d t , c p t p

c t d , rr g r ú r d p c t c tp t ã (n g r c . 1993).

e d r d 2000 rg d g r t p 3 g t cípd n v ig (n g r c . 2001). e t v r t p , c tr

r r c d vír c rc t sr l k , c d tr d pá c r r tór , c d p d gr v 1990

2008. e t t c rr t t c r rgê c d r t p 2c rr d c tár d t r r t tpr d p í d p drõ p d óg c d d t át c .

V r c - d t t p d gr d t úd p t õ cr , d c p r d c t ra t c ã tár d r d 15 , t d 20

t v - t r d 20% d t t d t c õ d 2007 200t p rc t v - p r 30% c p râ tr d r gr v d d d

dr c í c . D ú r t t d t r õ c 8620 c , c rr r tár d r d 15 .

n d 2002 br v t c d 813.104 c d d g dt t , 288.245 c rr p d r c t d d R d j r . n

, 1831 c d Dh 91 ó t r c r d . e t t t c d ú r d c t c d d Dh ó t p rí d d 20 d d tr d ã d d g p í (n g r c . 2005). o d g r t p

3 d c r r p d g d d g p í , d rc r ct rí t c d p r d c d d .


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C d r d ú r d ó t , p d d 2008 p d r c d gr v p r t d d R d j r t pr t , d c r

1.776 c d Dh 240 ó t t ê d r d 2009. Tr t trê c t d ó t c rr r tár d 0 15 (sVs 2009).

u p ct rc t rv d d r t p d d 2008 c rrêd 1.140 c p t d d g g t t . D c v t

tr v ír p r ó t t r t tr tr c tr c r d (sesDeC, 2010).

C d d g t c d t d d R d j r . 1986 1989: d g r t p 1 2000: d g r t p 1 2; 2001 2010: d g r t p 1, 2 3.


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P g r c c r t p d c rr r 1986-1987 c tr d d d g r t p 1, 1990-1991 c d pd g r t p 2 d rg r c d r gr v d d p c

c dár , 2001-2002 c rg t d r t p 3 tr srl k , r c c d t v r t t 2008, d pó pr d â c t d r t p 3 p r vár , r t p 2 r rg

r d 2007 p pr d r p rt r d r d 2008, c c t d t cr (sVs 2009). n d 2009 DenV-1 t v t

c rc ã t d d R d j r d r t vár , r -c p t c d gr v d d , d r t d rv t r r t , cc gr v ó t c r d c v r d 2010 2011(sesDeC).

a t ã d s t d V g â c V r óg c at v t c d 1986 p r t d t ct r DenV-2 DenV-3 c r t tr d ãd DenV-4 cíp d n t ró r d 2011 (sesDeC).

o rv - d t d d R d j r , ú r d ct c d d d g d 2003 (9.242), 2004 (2.694) 2005

(2.580), ã c d r d c t r p dê c (ar ú 2009).

o d g t p 2 r rg 2007 d - p r tr t dd d t íc d 2009, d r p áv p r rt vár d

o l r tór d f v v r d ioC, d r t vár , d d 19 ú c d v v p s rv d R rê c d

t d , c t g d c p rt c p ã d v r g t ch r G. sc t r, R t m r R r n g r , m r P. m g t vl T d f g r d , a m r d f pp f áv b rr t d s td r c tr õ t áv p r t d d p d d d gR d j r .

4.2 . ep d d aiDsa p d d d R d j r c d c d d

pr c p t , p d d - p t r r t gr


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d ár d dr g g d tr g t p p ct t , pr t ã tr , d r p áv p

d c õ tr t d t .

a t tí t c r c d d ã r c c d t d p p í d v v t , p g v ã d d

r c c t d gr d ú r d ct d . D t d r c c d t , c d R d j r , r p d p r c rc d 50

d c t d p í . s g d org ã m d d s úd , br2005 t r t d tr 370.000 ã d p rt d r d vír , c

d t r d 620.000 p ct d .e 2010, m t r d s úd pr t d d pr r r

p rí d d 1980 d 2010, r g tr d - 592.914 c d dbr c 344.140 t c d e t d d R d j r . at d 2229.222 rt c rr r p r c d d d d d 2008 tr

t t v d 630.000 r r ct d p vír .

o ú r d c d d R d j r , r g ã d t br , g d m t r d s úd , ã pr t d grá c

d 2007. s g d b t ep d óg c aiDs 2010, Vii, d dr r t d 2008, 2009 2010 (d r ) t d d j r tr , r p ct v t , 4.394, 4.910 1.625 c c r d

1 C : R d j r , 2 C : R g ã s d t , 3 C : bro : o d d d ú t tr tã t r v ã .

f t : b t ep d óg c aiDs/DsT. m t r d s úd , V, 01, 2008


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o rv - t dê c d d ã d ú r d c t c d p í p rt r d 2002/2003 , r d p c c t d , t p c õp t v p d g d d p í , r pr t d r p

õ d v v d t d d c r c t d p p ã r d

n t t , ú t tá d rv d t dc õ c r d p c t c d 50 . a , tr 1993

2003, t ú r c rc d 130% tr 390 % tr r , t d d r c c t ã d gr p tár p

pr . at t c c - c rr c d 11 c p r 100.000

t t gr p d r c 50 60 , d gr p ,t ú r t v c rc d trê c , p c trá .

e t t d c p c t d c p t dê cd , v e t d u d c dê c t tár

d 20 p r 25% tr 2003 2006 (sc d c . 2009). a - d p rí d tr c ã rg t d t c í c d í dr

d c p c rc d tr , ã d d d dt r t rv d t tár (sc d c . 2009).

oc rr g t t d ú r d c r , t dd c d d 2009, pr p r ã d 10 c r p15 c . n d 13 19 ú r d c d d

r d , pr p r ã d d p r t c .

o tr t dê c rv d ú t v õ t d c tr d p í t r r ã d c õ p r hiV, ô

t rv d t d d R d j r .

a t v d d d c tr d d t d , c t d br , c rd d p Pr gr n c d D s t Tr / aiDs d m t r d s úd (Pn-DsT/aiDs). o pr gr cr d 1986

t d r t ár , c p ct r t r d p à c d d g ó t c à t p r r c t gr t t d d c

p rt d r d vír tr v d p rt ã d t r pr d r c p í d t rr tr v r . e t r c ã tá d r d pr c p t d d R d j r p r f r-m g , d u d d d f d

o w d Cr .


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