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tmrdd kdy Dhvorchfdhtnb, D`chcfo` nhg Pcònb pnrnfdtdrs. Wmd pdcpbd `dhtrdg scònb pnrnfdtdr lcrf tmd ercng ensd cl tronhjbd ns n`tovd puebo` pnrtoòpntoch mcbgs nh ohstrufdhtnb rcbd. Wmd ohtdrrdbntochsmop edtwddh pcpubntoch, dhvorchfdhtnhg gdvdbcpfdht os `cfpbdx. Edsogds kdy ln`tcrs, dlloòdht fnhpcwdr `npnòty euobgohj, ohstotutochnb strdhjtmdhohj,oh`bugohj strchj pcboto`nb wobb nhg dlld`tovd ofpbdfdhtntoch/ fchotcrohj fd`mnhosf pbny dqunbby ofpcrtnht rcbds lcrsu``dsslub cut`cfd cl tmd sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht. Ynrtoùbnrby, tmdsd `nh ed gdnbt ns dhvorchfdhtnb sustnohneoboty, d`c-hcfo` sustnohneoboty, scònb sustnohneoboty, nhg ohstotutochnb sustnohneoboty.

Dhvorchfdhtnb Pustnohneoboty1 Wmos rdbntds wotm fnohtdhnh`d cl `nrryohj `npnòty cl hnturnb rdscur`d ensd nhg boldsuppcrt systdfs. Wmos dfpmnsozds ch nrdn cl `chsdrvntoch cl eocgovdrsoty mctspcts, oh`rdnsd oh lcrdst `cvdr, wntdrsmdg

prctd`toch, nhg ngcptoch cl mcbosto` npprcn`m. Dqunbby ofpcrtnht nrd rdgu`toch cl dhvorchfdhtnb tmrdnts, dhvorchfdhtnbpcbbutoch nhg ngcptoch cl dhvorchfdht lrodhgby bdnh nhg jrddh td`mhcbcjods tc fotojntd bc`nb tc jbcenb bdvdb dhvorchfdhtnbprcebdfs su`m ns eocgovdrsoty bcss, `bofntd `mnhjd lrcf nh ohtdr-jdhdrntochnb dquoty pdrspd`tovd.

D`chcfo` Pustnohneoboty1 Wmos prcvogds enso`nbby ofpcrtnht dhdrjy scur`d bokd n enttdry tc sdùrd dhvorchfdhtnbnhg scònb sustnohneoboty. Wmos dfpmnsozds ch prcfctoch cl d`chcfo` sdbl-sustdhnh`d cl gdvdbcpfdht prcad`ts tmrcujmfdnsurds bokd ngdquntd eugjdtohj, eugjdt trnhspnrdh`y nhg lohnhònb oh`dhtovd. Wmd lcùs nrdn oh`bugds; nbbdvontoch cl pcvdrty, oh`rdnsd oh pdr `npotn oh`cfd, prcfctoch cl oh`cfd jdhdrntohj n`tovotods oh`bugohj cll lnrf dfpbcyfdht nhgjrddh fo`rc-dhtdrprosds, dstnebosmfdht cl fd`mnhosf cl lnor smnrohj cl edhdlot nhg hnturnb rdscur`d n``cuhtohj.

Pcònb Pustnohneoboty1 Wmos lcùsds ch upjrngohj mufnh dhvorchfdhtnb qunboty cl bold wotm lublobfdht cl enso` hddgsnhg trnhslcrfohj mufnh lrcf fcst gnhjdrcus nhofnb tc fcst ofpcrtnht rdntovd rdscur`d. Ot dfpmnsozds bc`nb cffuhotodsed wdbb ohlcrfdg ch tops cl sustnohnebd wnys cl rdscur`d utobozntoch. Dhsurd n`tovd puebo` pnrtoòpntoch nt vnrocus bdvdb cl gdvdbcpfdht n`tovoty ns wdbb ns lnor smnrohj cl rdspchsoeoboty cl edhdlot ns usdr jrcups. @cbbnecrntovd dllcrt oh chsdrvntochnhg gdvdbcpfdht n`tovotods, ofprcvdfdht oh puebo` mdnbtm, dgu`ntoch nhg enso` hddg, rdgu`toch cl `chlbo`t nfchjstnkdmcbgdrs ch rdscur`d usd. Wmos wobb ed gdrovdg tmrcujm upjrngohj puebo` dhvorchfdhtnb nwnrdhdss. Dhmnh`dg jdhgdrdquoty nhg sdbl-`chlogdh`d nfchj bc`nb `cffuhoty wotm nh dfpmnsos ch d`chcfo`nbby gosngvnhtnjdg/fnrjohnbozdg jrcups.

Ohstotutochnb Pustnohneoboty1 Ybnhs nhg prcjrnffds wotmcut n`toch rdprdsdht lutobd dxdròsd. Ptro`t ofpbdfdhtntochnhg fchotcrohj cl rdbdvnht dhvorchfdhtnb pcboòds, pbnhs, bnws, rdjubntochs nhg stnhgnrgs os ohgospdhsnebd tc nttnoh tmdjcnb cl sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht. Wmdrd smcubg ed ngdquntd skobbdg nhg fctovntdg fnhpcwdr nhg strchj ohstotutochnb`npnòty tc nggrdss dhvorchfdhtnb nhg scònb sustnohneoboty. Lcùs nrdn bods tc n`modvd dhvorchfdhtnb qunboty cl bold su`mns rdgu`dg nor, wntdr scob, hcosd pcbbutoch tc n``dptdg bdvdb cl ohtdrhntochnb stnhgnrg nhg puebo` `chlogdh`d tc jdt ohvcbvdgoh dhvorchfdhtnb `chsdrvntoch n`tovotods. Ohstotutochnb strdhjtmdhohj cl prcad`t fnhnjdfdht smcubg ed dlloòdht tc gdnbdhvorchfdhtnb prcebdfs mnvohj bc`nb, hntochnb, rdjochnb tc jbcenb bdvdb sojholo`nh`d nhg oh`bugohj bdjnbby eohgohj wcrbg`chvdhtochs nhg trdntods.

Ohgo`ntcrs `nh prcvogd `ruònb juognh`d lcr gdòsoch-fnkohj oh n vnrodty cl wnys. Wmdy `nh trnhsbntd pmyso`nb nhg scònbsòdh`d khcwbdgjd ohtc fnhnjdnebd uhots cl ohlcrfntoch tmnt `nh lnòbotntd tmd gdòsoch-fnkohj prc`dss. Wmdy `nh mdbp tcfdnsurd nhg `nboerntd prcjrdss tcwnrgs sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht jcnbs. Wmdy `nh prcvogd nh dnrby wnrhohj, scuhgohj tmdnbnrf oh tofd tc prdvdht d`chcfo`, scònb nhg dhvorchfdhtnb gnfnjd. Wmdy nrd nbsc ofpcrtnht tccbs tc `cffuho`ntd ogdns,tmcujmts nhg vnbuds ed`nusd ns chd nutmcroty snog, Zd fdnsurd wmnt wd vnbud, nhg vnbud wmnt wd fdnsurd.Njroùbturd

Njroùbturd mns `mnhjdg grnfnto`nbby, dspdònbby soh`d tmd dhg cl Zcrbg Znr OO. Lccg nhg loerd prcgu`tovoty scnrdggud tc hdw td`mhcbcjods, fd`mnhozntoch, oh`rdnsdg `mdfo`nb usd, spdònbozntoch nhg jcvdrhfdht pcboòds tmnt lnvcrdgfnxofozohj prcgu`toch. Wmdsd `mnhjds nbbcwdg ldwdr lnrfdrs wotm rdgu`dg bnecur gdfnhgs tc prcgu`d tmd fnacroty cl tmd lccg nhg loedr oh tmd T.P.

Nbtmcujm tmdsd `mnhjds mnvd mng fnhy pcsotovd dlld`ts nhg rdgu`dg fnhy rosks oh lnrfohj, tmdrd mnvd nbsc eddhsojholo`nht `csts. Yrcfohdht nfchj tmdsd nrd tcpscob gdpbdtoch, jrcuhgwntdr `chtnfohntoch, tmd gd`bohd cl lnfoby lnrfs,

`chtohudg hdjbd`t cl tmd bovohj nhg wcrkohj `chgotochs lcr lnrf bnecrdrs, oh`rdnsohj `csts cl prcgu`toch, nhg tmdgosohtdjrntoch cl d`chcfo` nhg scònb `chgotochs oh rurnb `cffuhotods.

N jrcwohj fcvdfdht mns dfdrjdg gurohj tmd pnst twc gd`ngds tc qudstoch tmd rcbd cl tmd njroùbturnb dstnebosmfdhtoh prcfctohj prn`to`ds tmnt `chtroeutd tc tmdsd scònb prcebdfs. Wcgny, tmos fcvdfdht lcr sustnohnebd njroùbturd os jnrhdrohjoh`rdnsohj suppcrt nhg n``dptnh`d wotmoh fnoh-strdnf njroùbturd. Hct chby gcds sustnohnebd njroùbturd nggrdss fnhydhvorchfdhtnb nhg scònb `ch`drhs, eut ot clldrs ohhcvntovd nhg d`chcfo`nbby vonebd cppcrtuhotods lcr jrcwdrs, bnecrdrs,`chsufdrs, pcbo`y-fnkdrs nhg fnhy ctmdrs oh tmd dhtord lccg systdf.

Fcgdrh njroùbturd os n tdrf usdg tc gds`roed tmd wogd fnacroty cl prcgu`toch prn`to`ds dfpbcydg ey Nfdro`n slnrfdrs. Wmd tdrf gdpo`ts tmd pusm lcr ohhcvntoch, stdwnrgsmop nhg ngvnh`dfdhts chtohunbby fngd ey jrcwdrs tc sustnohneby


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prcgu`d mojmdr-qunboty prcgu`ts wotm n rdgu`dg dhvorchfdhtnb ofpn`t. Ohtdhsovd sòdhtolo` rdsdnr`m nhg rceust ohvdstfdhtoh fcgdrh njroùbturd gurohj tmd pnst 49 ydnrs mns mdbpdg lnrfdrs gcuebd lccg prcgu`toch wmobd dssdhtonbby lrddzohj tmdlcctproht cl tctnb ùbtovntdg lnrfbnhg.

Wmd njroùbturd ohgustry wcrks wotm jcvdrhfdht njdhòds nhg ctmdr crjnhosntochs tc dhsurd tmnt lnrfdrs mnvd n``dsstc tmd td`mhcbcjods rdquordg tc suppcrt fcgdrh njroùbturd prn`to`ds. Lnrfdrs nrd suppcrtdg ey dgu`ntoch nhg drtolo`ntochprcjrnfs tmnt dhsurd tmdy nppby njroùbturnb wotm `nrd nhg chby wmdh rdquordg.

Wd`mhcbcjo`nb ngvnh`dfdhts mdbp prcvogd lnrfdrs wotm tccbs nhg rdscur`ds tc mdbp rdgu`d tmdor dhvorchfdhtnb lcctprohtnhg tc fnkd lnrfohj fcrd sustnohnebd.

Hdw td`mhcbcjods mnvd jovdh rosd tc ohhcvntochs bokd `chsdrvntoch tobbnjd, n lnrfohj prc`dss wmo`m mdbps prdvdhtbnhg bcss tc drcsoch, wntdr pcbbutoch nhg dhmnh`ds `nrech sdqudstrntoch.

Eoctd`mhcbcjy nhg prcgu`toch td`mhcbcjy ngvnh`ds nrd rdsubtohj oh hdw jdhdto` `cffcgotods nhg fdtmcgs cl prcgu`toch. Wmos trdhg os nbsc ofpn`tohj hdw prcgu`toch nhg prc`dssohj td`mhcbcjods. Oh fnhy òrùfstnh`ds, lnrfdrs`nhhct nllcrg tc ed bdlt edmohg ey hct ngcptohj tmd hdw td`mhcbcjods. Nt tmd snfd tofd, mcwdvdr, tmdy `nhhct nllcrg tcfnkd tmd ohvdstfdhts tc ngcpt hdw td`mhcbcjy. Lnrfdrs ednr tmd rosk cl uh`drtnohty necut Jdhdto`nbby Fcgolodg Crjnhosfs(JFCs) nhg n pcssoebd hdjntovd puebo` rdn`toch oh `nsd cl n rdnb, cr ofnjohdg, gnhjdr tc tmd lccg suppby.

Oh tmd bnst 49 ydnrs, tmnhks tc tmd Jrddh Udvcbutoch, tmdrd mns eddh n fnacr smolt wotm n fnacr pnrt cl tmd pcpubntoch`chsufohj wmdnt nhg ro`d. Wmdsd nrd mojm wntdr utobozohj, mojm ldrtobozdr rdspchsovd, nhg mojm scbnr utobozohj vnrodtods.

Hcw, tmos fnacr smolt lrcf fobbdts tc wmdnt nhg lrcf fobbdts tc ro`d mns bdg tc gdlcrdstntoch oh tmd pbnohs. Fobbdts nhgpubsds, jrdw uhgdr njrc lcrdstry systdf tmnt os uhsuotnebd lcr ro`d nhg wmdnt. Wmd ngvdht cl jrddh rdvcbutoch, nhg tmd`chstru`toch cl eoj gnfs, stntd s suesogy lcr ldrtobozdrs, dbd`troòty, nhg lcr ldrtobozdr rdspchsovd vnrodtods bdg tc bnrjd s`nbd

rdsdnr`m oh mojm ldrtobozdr prchd nhg smcrt gurntoch vnrodtods. Oh tmd snfd pod`d cl bnhg, tmrdd `rcps wdrd ùbtovntdg pdrydnr, bdngohj tc n mojm dxpbcotntoch cl jrcuhg wntdr nhg mojm utobozntoch cl hotrcjdh ldrtobozdrs. Wmos jnvd eortm tc tmddfdrjdh`d cl pdsts nhg gosdnsds.

Wmd ofpn`t cl njroùbturnb pcboòds ch tmd sustnohnebd usd cl hnturnb rdscur`ds os cl jrcwohj hntochnb nhg ohtdrhntochnb`ch`drh, eut jcvdrhfdhts nrd cltdh uh`drtnoh ns tc tmd fcst dlld`tovd sdt cl pcboòds tc usd.

Fnhy lnrf pcboòds put prdssurd ch wntdr nhg scob rdscur`ds. Wmd wogd rnhjd cl njro-dhvorchfdhtnb fdnsurds edohjput oh pbn`d ey jcvdrhfdhts tc nggrdss `ch`drhs necut sustnohneoboty cltdh sofpby cllsdt prdssurds lrcf ctmdr njroùbturnbpcboòds. Oh pnrtoùbnr, tmdrd os oh`rdnsohj uh`drtnohty necut pcboòds gdsojhdg tc mdbp nbbdvontd nhg tc rdspchg tc tmd dlld`tscl `bofntd `mnhjd.

Wmd wny tmnt `rcps nrd scbg fust ed n``cuhtdg lcr oh tmd sustnohneoboty dquntoch. Lccg scbg bc`nbby gcds hct rdquordnggotochnb dhdrjy lcr trnhspcrtntoch (oh`bugohj `chsufdrs). Lccg scbg nt n rdfctd bc`ntoch, wmdtmdr nt n lnrfdrs fnrkdtcr tmd supdrfnrkdt, ohùrs n golldrdht sdt cl dhdrjy `cst lcr fntdronbs, bnecur, nhg trnhspcrt.

Ybnht Yrcgu`toch Yrn`to`ds1 Pustnohnebd prcgu`toch prn`to`ds ohvcbvd n vnrodty cl npprcn`mds. Ppdòlo` strntdjodsfust tnkd ohtc n``cuht tcpcjrnpmy, scob `mnrn`tdrosto`s, `bofntd, pdsts, bc`nb nvnobneoboty cl ohputs nhg tmd ohgovogunbjrcwdr s jcnbs. Gdspotd tmd sotd-spdòlo` nhg ohgovogunb hnturd cl sustnohnebd njroùbturd, sdvdrnb jdhdrnb prohòpbds `nh ednppbodg tc mdbp jrcwdrs sdbd`t npprcprontd fnhnjdfdht prn`to`ds1

Pdbd`toch cl spdòds nhg vnrodtods tmnt nrd wdbb suotdg tc tmd sotd nhg tc `chgotochs ch tmd lnrf;Govdrsolo`ntoch cl rcps (oh`bugohj bovdstc`k) nhg ubturnb prn`to`ds tc dhmnh`d tmd eocbcjo`nb nhg d`chcfo` stneobotycl tmd lnrf;Fnhnjdfdht cl tmd scob tc dhmnh`d nhg prctd`t scob qunboty;Dlloòdht nhg mufnhd usd cl ohputs; nhg@chsogdrntoch cl lnrfdrs jcnbs nhg boldstybd `mco`ds.

Pdbd`toch cl sotd, spdòds nhg vnrodty1 Yrdvdhtovd strntdjods, ngcptdg dnrby, `nh rdgu`d ohputs nhg mdbp dstnebosm nsustnohnebd prcgu`toch systdf. Zmdh pcssoebd, pdst-rdsostnht `rcps smcubg ed sdbd`tdg wmo`m nrd tcbdrnht cl dxostohj scobcr sotd `chgotochs. Zmdh sotd sdbd`toch os nh cptoch, ln`tcrs su`m ns scob typd nhg gdptm, prdvocus `rcp mostcry, nhg bc`ntoch(d.j. `bofntd, tcpcjrnpmy) smcubg ed tnkdh ohtc n``cuht edlcrd pbnhtohj.

Govdrsoty1 Yrcpdrby fnhnjdg, govdrsoty `nh nbsc eulldr n lnrf oh n eocbcjo`nb sdhsd. Lcr dxnfpbd, oh nhhunb `rcppohjsystdfs, `rcp rctntoch `nh ed usdg tc supprdss wddgs, pntmcjdhs nhg ohsd`t pdsts. Nbsc, `cvdr `rcps `nh mnvd stneobozohjdlld`ts ch tmd njrcd`csystdf ey mcbgohj scob nhg hutrodhts oh pbn`d, `chsdrvohj scob fcosturd wotm fcwdg cr stnhgohjgdng fub`mds, nhg ey oh`rdnsohj tmd wntdr ohlobtrntoch rntd nhg scob wntdr mcbgohj `npnòty. @cvdr `rcps oh cr`mnrgs nhgvohdynrgs `nh eulldr tmd systdf njnohst pdst ohldstntochs ey oh`rdnsohj edhdloònb nrtmrcpcg pcpubntochs nhg `nh tmdrdlcrdrdgu`d tmd hddg lcr `mdfo`nb ohputs. Tsohj n vnrodty cl `cvdr `rcps os nbsc ofpcrtnht oh crgdr tc prctd`t njnohst tmd lnoburdcl n pnrtoùbnr spdòds tc jrcw nhg tc nttrn`t nhg sustnoh n wogd rnhjd cl edhdloònb nrtmrcpcgs.


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? eobboch fdtro` tchs cl vdjdtntoch prcgu`dg nhhunbby oh trcpo`nb nhg tdfpdrntdjrnssbnhgs nhg snvnhhns prcvogds tmd ubtofntd austolo`ntoch lcr dvnbuntohj jrnzohj ns nh d`cbcjo`nb prc`dss.

@chlohdg Bovdstc`k Yrcgu`toch1 Oh fnhy `cuhtrods, `nttbd nhg ctmdr bovdstc`k nrd rnosdg oh `chlohdg qunrtdrs lcr ntbdnst n pnrt cl tmdor bold `y`bd. Nbtmcujm tmos gcds hct nlld`t jrnssbnhgs gord`tby, ot gcds mnvd n trdfdhgcus dhvorchfdhtnbofpn`t. Bovdstc`k prcgu`toch ch rnhjdbnhg nhg oh chlohdg spn`ds nh ed sustnohnebd, eut ot fust ed s`nbdg en`k, n``crgohjtc tmd Zcrbgwnt`m Ohstotutd. Wc gcwhsozd tmos n`tovoty, ro`m cuhtrods mnvd tc rdgu`d tmdor fdnt `chsufptoch. N sustnohnebdsystdf nbsc rdquords n rdohtdjrntoch cl bovdstc`k nhg `rcp prcgu`toch. Unhjdbnhgs hddg tc ed fnhnjdg wotm nh d`csystdfnpprcn`m, chd tmnt ngausts mdrg sozd tc tmd `nrryohj `npnòty cl tmd bnhg. Dllcrts nrd nbsc hddgdg tc rdstcrd gnfnjdgjrnssbnhgs.

(`) Zntdr1 Zmdh tmd prcgu`toch cl lccg nhg loedr gdjrngds tmd hnturnb rdscur`d ensd, tmd neoboty cl luturd jdhdrntochstc prcgu`d nhg lbcurosm gd`rdnsds. Wmd gd`bohd cl nhòdht òvobozntochs oh Fdscpctnfon, tmd Fdgotdrrnhdnh rdjoch, Yrd-



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@cbufeonh scutmwdst T.P. nhg @dhtrnb Nfdro`n os edbodvdg tc mnvd eddh strchjby ohlbudh`dg ey hnturnb rdscur`d gdjrngntochlrcf hch-sustnohnebd lnrfohj nhg lcrdstry prn`to`ds. Oh scfd nrdns, sulloòdht rnohlnbb os nvnobnebd lcr `rcp jrcwtm, eutfnhy ctmdr nrdns rdquord orrojntoch. Lcr orrojntoch systdfs tc ed sustnohnebd tmdy rdquord prcpdr fnhnjdfdht (tc nvcogsnbohozntoch) nhg fust hct usd fcrd wntdr lrcf tmdor scur`d tmnh os hnturnbby rdpbdhosmdg, ctmdrwosd tmd wntdr scur`ded`cfds, oh dlld`t, n hch-rdhdwnebd rdscur`d. Ofprcvdfdhts oh wntdr wdbb grobbohj td`mhcbcjy nhg suefdrsoebd pufps`cfeohdg wotm tmd gdvdbcpfdht cl grop orrojntoch nhg bcw prdssurd povcts mnvd fngd ot pcssoebd tc rdjubnrby n`modvd mojm`rcp yodbgs wmdrd rdbonh`d ch rnohlnbb nbchd prdvocusby fngd tmos bdvdb cl su``dss uhprdgo`tnebd. Mcwdvdr, tmos prcjrdssmns `cfd nt n pro`d, oh tmnt oh fnhy nrdns wmdrd tmos mns c`ùrrdg, su`m ns tmd Cjnbbnbn Nquoldr, tmd wntdr os edohj usdg nt

n jrdntdr rntd tmnh ots rntd cl rd`mnrjd.Oh @nbolcrhon, nh dxtdhsovd wntdr stcrnjd nhg trnhsldr systdf mns eddh dstnebosmdg wmo`m mns nbbcwdg `rcp prcgu`toch

tc dxpnhg tc vdry nrog rdjochs. Oh grcujmt ydnrs, bofotdg surln`d wntdr suppbods mnvd prcfptdg cvdrgrnlt cl jrcuhgwntdrnhg `chsdqudht ohtrusoch cl snbt wntdr, cr pdrfnhdht `cbbnpsd cl nquoldrs. Ydrocgo` grcujmts, scfd bnstohj up tc 49 ydnrs,mnvd c`ùrrdg oh @nbolcrhon. Pdvdrnb stdps smcubg ed tnkdh tc gdvdbcp grcujmt-rdsostnht lnrfohj systdfs dvdh oh hcrfnbydnrs, oh`bugohj ectm pcbo`y nhg fnhnjdfdht n`tochs1 (>) ofprcvohj wntdr `chsdrvntoch nhg stcrnjd fdnsurds, (5) prcvogohjoh`dhtovds lcr sdbd`toch cl grcujmt-tcbdrnht `rcp spdòds, (0) usohj rdgu`dg-vcbufd orrojntoch systdfs, (7) fnhnjohj`rcps tc rdgu`d wntdr bcss, cr (4) hct pbnhtohj nt nbb.

(g) Wmd D`chcfo`, Pcònb nhg Ycboto`nb @chtdxt1 Oh nggotoch tc strntdjods lcr prdsdrvohj hnturnb rdscur`ds nhg`mnhjohj prcgu`toch prn`to`ds, sustnohnebd njroùbturd rdquords n `cffotfdht tc `mnhjohj puebo` pcboòds, d`chcfoòhstotutochs, nhg scònb vnbuds. Ptrntdjods lcr `mnhjd fust tnkd ohtc n``cuht tmd `cfpbdx, rdòprc`nb nhg dvdr-`mnhjohjrdbntochsmop edtwddh njroùbturnb prcgu`toch nhg tmd ercngdr scòdty.

Udbntochsmops nfchj tmdsd n`tcrs smolt cvdr tofd ns hdw td`mhcbcjods spnwh d`chcfo`, scònb nhg pcboto`nb `mnhjds.N wogd govdrsoty cl strntdjods nhg npprcn`mds nrd hd`dssnry tc `rdntd n fcrd sustnohnebd lccg systdf. Wmdsd wobb

rnhjd lrcf spdòlo` nhg `ch`dhtrntdg dllcrts tc nbtdr spdòlo` pcboòds cr prn`to`ds, tc tmd bchjdr-tdrf tnsks cl rdlcrfohjkdy ohstotutochs, rdtmohkohj d`chcfo` procrotods, nhg `mnbbdhjohj wogdby-mdbg scònb vnbuds.

(d) Lccg nhg Njroùbturnb Ycbo`y1 Dxostohj ldgdrnb, stntd nhg bc`nb jcvdrhfdht pcboòds cltdh ofpdgd tmd jcnbs cl sustnohnebd njroùbturd. Hdw pcboòds nrd hddgdg tc sofubtnhdcusby prcfctd dhvorchfdhtnb mdnbtm, d`chcfo` prclotneoboty,nhg scònb nhg d`chcfo` dquoty. Lcr dxnfpbd, `cffcgoty nhg pro`d suppcrt prcjrnfs `cubg ed rdstru`turdg tc nbbcwlnrfdrs tc rdnbozd tmd lubb edhdlots cl tmd prcgu`tovoty jnohs fngd pcssoebd tmrcujm nbtdrhntovd prn`to`ds. Fnrkdtohj crgdrsnhg `csfdto` stnhgnrgs `cubg ed nfdhgdg tc dh`curnjd rdgu`dg pdstoògd usd.

Ey mdbpohj lnrfdrs tc ngcpt prn`to`ds tmnt rdgu`d `mdfo`nb usd nhg `chsdrvd s`nr`d rdscur`ds, sustnohnebd njroùbturdrdsdnr`m nhg dgu`ntoch `nh pbny n kdy rcbd oh euobgohj puebo` suppcrt lcr njroùbturnb bnhg prdsdrvntoch. Dgu`ntohj bnhg

usd pbnhhdrs nhg gdòsoch-fnkdrs necut sustnohnebd njroùbturd os nh ofpcrtnht procroty. Wmd `bcsd prcxofoty cl hdwbygdvdbcpdg rdsogdhtonb nrdns tc lnrfs os oh`rdnsohj tmd puebo` gdfnhg lcr dhvorchfdhtnbby snld lnrfohj prn`to`ds.(l) Bnhg usd1 Bnhg usd nhg bnhg fnhnjdfdht prn`to`ds mnvd n fnacr ofpn`t ch hnturnb rdscur`ds oh`bugohj wntdr,

scob, hutrodhts, pbnhts nhg nhofnbs. Bnhg usd ohlcrfntoch nh ed usdg tc gdvdbcp scbutochs lcr hnturnb rdscur`d fnhnjdfdhtossuds su`m ns snbohoty nhg wntdr qunboty. Lcr ohstnh`d, wntdr ecgods oh n rdjoch tmnt mns eddh gdlcrdstdg cr mnvohj drcsochwobb mnvd golldrdht wntdr qunboty tmnh tmcsd oh nrdns tmnt nrd lcrdstdg.

Wmd fnacr dlld`t cl bnhg usd ch bnhg cvdr soh`d >:49 mns eddh gdlcrdstntoch cl tdfpdrntd rdjochs. Fcrd rd`dht sojholo`nhtdlld`ts cl bnhg usd oh`bugd urenh sprnwb, scob drcsoch, scob gdjrngntoch, snbohozntoch nhg gdsdrtolo`ntoch. Bnhg-usd `mnhjd,tcjdtmdr wotm usd cl lcssob ludbs, nrd tmd fnacr nhtmrcpcjdho` scur`ds cl `nrech gocxogd, n gcfohnht jrddhmcusd jns.

(j) Bnecur1 Oh tdrfs cl scònb stnhgnrgs nhg bdjnb prctd`tochs oh ctmdr lcrfs cl dfpbcyfdht, tmd `chgotoch cl njroùbturnb bnecurdrs os lnr lrcf sntosln`tcry. Wc nggrdss tmos sotuntoch, pcboòds nhg prcjrnffds nrd hd`dssnry lcr erohjohjtmd `mnhjd. Wmd jcvdrhfdht fust tnkd `nrd cl bnecur lcr n sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht oh tmd bchj-tdrf.

(m) Uurnb @cffuhoty Gdvdbcpfdht1 Lnfoby lnrfs nhg rurnb `cffuhotods nrd vdry ofpcrtnht lcr sustnohnebdnjroùbturd. Lcr tmos purpcsd, n fcrd govdrsolodg njroùbturnb prcgu`toch ch lnfoby lnrfs smcubg ed dh`curnjdg. Pustnohnebdnjroùbturd pcboòds nhg prn`to`ds wcubg lcstdr `cffuhoty ohstotutochs tmnt fddt hct chby dfpbcyfdht hddgs eut nbscctmdr hddgs ns wdbb.

(o) @chsufdrs nhg tmd Lccg Pystdf1 @chsufdrs pbny n `roto`nb rcbd oh `rdntohj n sustnohnebd lccg systdf tmrcujmtmdor pur`mnsds. @chsufdrs sdhg strchj fdssnjds tc prcgu`drs, rdtnobdrs nhg ctmdrs oh tmd systdf necut wmnt tmdy tmohk osofpcrtnht. Lccg `cst nhg hutrotochnb qunboty mnvd nbwnys ohlbudh`dg `chsufdr `mco`ds. Wmd `mnbbdhjd hcw os tc lohgstrntdjods tmnt ercngdh `chsufdr pdrspd`tovds, sc tmnt dhvorchfdhtnb qunboty, rdscur`d usd, nhg scònb dquoty ossuds nrdnbsc `chsogdrdg oh smcppohj gdòsochs. Wmd lccg systdf dxtdhgs lnr edychg tmd lnrf nhg ohvcbvds tmd ohtdrn`toch cl


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ohgovogunbs nhg ohstotutochs wotm `chtrnstohj nhg cltdh `cfpdtohj jcnbs oh`bugohj lnrfdrs, rdsdnr`mdrs, ohput suppbodrs,lnrfwcrkdrs, uhochs, lnrf ngvoscrs, prc`dsscrs, rdtnobdrs, `chsufdrs, nhg pcbo`y-fnkdrs.

Pustnohnebd Njroùbturd Ohgo`ntcrs1 Njroùbturnb ohgo`ntcrs nrd usdg tc sdt tmd `rotdron lcr sustnohnebd njroùbturd.Lcbbcwohj ohgo`ntcrs nhg pnrnfdtdrs nrd usdg lcr tmos purpcsd.

>. Pcob ldrtoboty/mdnbtm1Wmdsd ohgo`ntcrs oh`bugd pnrnfdtdrs su`m ns scob crjnho` `nrech, hufedr cl edhdloònbcrjnhosfs, hufedr cl prdgntcry fotds nhg hufedr cl edhdloònb fo`rc-crjnhosfs.

5. Pcob bcss1Wmd ohgo`ntcrs lcr scob bcss `cvdr scob drcsoch nhg scob cob `cvdr ohgdx.0. Hutrodhts1 Wmdsd ohgo`ntcrs oh`bugd enbnh`d cl H/Y/K cvdr `rcp rctntochs, nfcuht cl ohcrjnho` Hotrcjdh (H)/

Ymcspmntds (Y)/ Yctnssouf (K) nppbodg, dfossochs cl H-`cfpcuhgs tc nor nhg prcpcrtoch cl H loxdg ch sotd/ ofpcrtdg.

7. Ydst Fnhnjdfdht1 Ydr`dhtnjd cl `rcp uhgdr Ohtdjrntdg Ydst Fnhnjdfdht (OYF), nfcuht cl pdstoògds (n`tovdohjrdgodht) nppbodg nhg typd pdstoògds nppbodg.

4. Eoc-govdrsoty1 Wmd ohgo`ntcrs lcr scob bcss `cvdr bdvdb cl eocgovdrsoty cll-sotd (`rcss-ecuhgnry dlld`ts) nhg bdvdbcl eocgovdrsoty ch sotd1 hufedr cl spdòds; lnrf bnhgs`npd; mneotnt lcr hnturnb prdgntcr systdfs.

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lcr td`mhcbcjy jdhdrntoch nhg gossdfohntoch os rdquordg oh rdsdnr`m. Hdw ohlcrfntoch nhg `cffuho`ntoch td`mhcbcjodswcubg fnkd dxtdhsoch sdrvo`ds rdspchsovd.

^.4. Dxpbnoh tmd lcbbcwohj oh ycur cwh wcrgs1(n) D`c-systdf npprcn`m.Nhs. Wmd d`csystdf npprcn`m os n strntdjy lcr tmd ohtdjrntdg fnhnjdfdht cl bnhg, wntdr nhg bovohj rdscur`ds tmnt

prcfctds `chsdrvntoch nhg sustnohnebd usd oh nh dquotnebd wny. Nppbo`ntoch cl tmd d`csystdf npprcn`m wobb mdbp tc rdn`mn enbnh`d cl tmd tmrdd cead`tovds cl tmd `chvdhtoch. Ot os ensdg ch tmd nppbo`ntoch cl npprcprontd sòdhtolo` fdtmcgcbcjodslcùsdg ch bdvdbs cl eocbcjo`nb crjnhosntoch wmo`m dh`cfpnss tmd dssdhtonb prc`dssds, luh`tochs nhg ohtdrn`tochs nfchj

crjnhosfs nhg tmdor dhvorchfdht. Ot rd`cjhozds tmnt mufnhs, wotm tmdor ùbturnb govdrsoty, nrd nh ohtdjrnb `cfpchdht cl d`c-systdfs.

D`c-systdf Fdnhs n gyhnfo` `cfpbdx cl pbnht, nhofnb nhg fo`rc-crjnhosf `cffuhotods nhg tmdor hch-bovohjdhvorchfdht ohtdrn`tohj ns n luh`tochnb uhot . Ns gds`roedg ey tmd @chldrdh`d cl tmd Ynrtods, tmd d`c-systdf npprcn`m ostmd profnry lrnfdwcrk lcr n`toch uhgdr tmd `chvdhtoch. Wmd @chldrdh`d cl tmd Ynrtods, nt ots Loltm Fddtohj, dhgcrsdg tmdgds`roptoch cl tmd d`csystdf npprcn`m nhg cpdrntochnb juognh`d nhg rd`cffdhgdg tmd nppbo`ntoch cl tmd prohòpbds nhgctmdr juognh`d ch tmd D`c-systdf Npprcn`m. Wmd sdvdhtm fddtohj cl tmd @chldrdh`d cl tmd Ynrtods njrddg tmnt tmd procrotynt tmos tofd smcubg ed ch lnòbotntohj ofpbdfdhtntoch cl tmd d`csystdf npprcn`m nhg wdb`cfdg nggotochnb juogdbohds tctmos dlld`t.

Wmd d`c-systdf npprcn`m os n strntdjy lcr tmd ohtdjrntdg fnhnjdfdht cl bnhg, wntdr nhg bovohj rdscur`ds tmnt prcfctds`chsdrvntoch nhg sustnohnebd usd oh nh dquotnebd wny. Wmus, tmd nppbo`ntoch cl tmd d`c-systdf npprcn`m wobb mdbp tc rdn`mn enbnh`d cl tmd tmrdd cead`tovds cl tmd `chvdhtoch1 `chsdrvntoch; sustnohnebd usd; nhg tmd lnor nhg dquotnebd smnrohj cl tmdedhdlots nrosohj cut cl tmd utobosntoch cl jdhdto` rdscur`ds.

Nh d`csystdf npprcn`m os ensdg ch tmd nppbo`ntoch cl npprcprontd sòdhtolo` fdtmcgcbcjods lcùsdg ch bdvdbs cl eocbcjo`nb crjnhosntoch, wmo`m dh`cfpnss tmd dssdhtonb stru`turd, prc`dssds, luh`tochs nhg ohtdrn`tochs nfchj crjnhosfsnhg tmdor dhvorchfdht. Ot rd`cjhosds tmnt mufnhs, wotm tmdor ùbturnb govdrsoty, nrd nh ohtdjrnb `cfpchdht cl fnhy d`c-systdfs.

Wmos lcùs ch stru`turd, prc`dssds, luh`tochs nhg ohtdrn`tochs os chsostdht wotm tmd gdlohotoch cl d`c-systdf prcvogdgoh Nrto`bd 5 cl tmd @chvdhtoch ch Eocbcjo`nb Govdrsoty1 D`c-systdf fdnhs n gyhnfo` `cfpbdx cl pbnht, nhofnb nhgfo`rc-crjnhosf `cffuhotods nhg tmdor hch-bovohj dhvorchfdht ohtdrn`tohj ns n luh`tochnb uhot. Wmos gdlohotoch gcds hctspdòly nhy pnrtoùbnr spntonb uhot cr s`nbd, oh `chtrnst tc tmd @chvdhtoch gdlohotoch cl mneotnt . Wmus, tmd tdrf d`c-systdf gcds hct, hd`dssnroby, `crrdspchg tc tmd tdrfs eocfd cr d`cbcjo`nb zchd , eut `nh rdldr tc nhy luh`tochohj uhotnt nhy s`nbd. Ohgddg, tmd s`nbd cl nhnbysos nhg n`toch smcubg ed gdtdrfohdg ey tmd prcebdf edohj nggrdssdg. Ot `cubg, lcr

dxnfpbd, ed n jrnoh cl scob, n pchg, n lcrdst, n eocfd cr tmd dhtord eocspmdrd.Wmd d`c-systdf npprcn`m rdquords ngnptovd fnhnjdfdht tc gdnb wotm tmd `cfpbdx nhg gyhnfo` hnturd cl d`csystdfsnhg tmd nesdh`d cl `cfpbdtd khcwbdgjd cr uhgdrstnhgohj cl tmdor luh`tochohj.

D`c-systdf prc`dssds nrd cltdh hch-bohdnr, nhg tmd cut`cfd cl su`m prc`dssds cltdh smcws tofd-bnjs. Wmd rdsubt osgos`chtohuotods, bdngohj tc surprosd nhg uh`drtnohty. Fnhnjdfdht fust ed ngnptovd oh crgdr tc ed nebd tc rdspchg tc su`muh`drtnohtods nhg `chtnoh dbdfdhts cl bdnrhohj-ey-gcohj cr rdsdnr`m lddgen`k. Fdnsurds fny hddg tc ed tnkdh dvdhwmdh scfd `nusd-nhg-dlld`t rdbntochsmops nrd hct ydt lubby dstnebosmdg sòdhtolo`nbby.

Wmd d`c-systdf npprcn`m gcds hct prd`bugd ctmdr fnhnjdfdht nhg `chsdrvntoch npprcn`mds, su`m ns eocspmdrdrdsdrvds, prctd`tdg nrdns nhg sohjbd-spdòds `chsdrvntoch prcjrnffds, ns wdbb ns ctmdr npprcn`mds `nrrodg cut uhgdrdxostohj hntochnb pcbo`y nhg bdjosbntovd lrnfdwcrks, eut `cubg, rntmdr, ohtdjrntd nbb tmdsd npprcn`mds nhg ctmdr fdtmcgcbcjodstc gdnb wotm `cfpbdx sotuntochs. Wmdrd os hc sohjbd wny tc ofpbdfdht tmd d`c-systdf npprcn`m, ns ot gdpdhgs ch bc`nb,prcvohònb, hntochnb, rdjochnb cr jbcenb `chgotochs. Ohgddg, tmdrd nrd fnhy wnys oh wmo`m d`c-systdf npprcn`mds fny ed

usdg ns tmd lrnfdwcrk lcr gdbovdrohj tmd cead`tovds cl tmd `chvdhtoch oh prn`to`d.(e) Bohohj oh Mnrfchy wotm Hnturd.Nhs. Wmd Thotdg Hntochs @chldrdh`d ch tmd Mufnh Dhvorchfdht, mnvohj fdt nt Ptc`kmcbf lrcf 4 tc >< Auhd

>?:5,mnvohj chsogdrdg tmd hddg lcr n cffch cutbcck nhg lcr cffch prohòpbds tc ohspord nhg juogd tmd pdcpbds cl tmdwcrbg oh tmd prdsdrvntoch nhg dhmnh`dfdht cl tmd mufnh dhvorchfdht, Yrc`bnofs tmnt1

Fnh os ectm `rdnturd nhg fcubgdr cl mos dhvorchfdht, wmo`m jovds mof pmyso`nb sustdhnh`d nhg nllcrgs mof tmdcppcrtuhoty lcr ohtdbbd`tunb, fcrnb, scònb nhg sporotunb jrcwtm. Oh tmd bchj nhg tcrtucus dvcbutoch cl tmd mufnh rn`d chtmos pbnhdt n stnjd mns eddh rdn`mdg wmdh, tmrcujm tmd rnpog n``dbdrntoch cl sòdh`d nhg td`mhcbcjy, fnh mns n`quordg tmdpcwdr tc trnhslcrf mos dhvorchfdht oh `cuhtbdss wnys nhg ch nh uhprd`dgdhtdg s`nbd. Ectm nspd`ts cl fnh s dhvorch-


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fdht, tmd hnturnb nhg tmd fnh-fngd, nrd dssdhtonb tc mos wdbb-edohj nhg tc tmd dhacyfdht cl enso` mufnh rojmts tmd rojmttc bold otsdbl.

Wmd prctd`toch nhg ofprcvdfdht cl tmd mufnh dhvorchfdht os n fnacr ossud wmo`m nlld`ts tmd wdbb-edohj cl pdcpbdsnhg d`chcfo` gdvdbcpfdht tmrcujmcut tmd wcrbg; ot os tmd urjdht gdsord cl tmd pdcpbds cl tmd wmcbd wcrbg nhg tmd guty cl nbb Jcvdrhfdhts. @mnhjds nrd nbsc rdquordg oh tmd nttotugds nhg prc`dgurds cl ectm puebo` nhg provntd-sd`tcr dhtdrprosds.Fcrdcvdr, dhvorchfdhtnb rdjubntoch fust fcvd edychg tmd usunb fdhu cl snldty rdjubntochs, zchohj bnws, nhg pcbbutoch`chtrcb dhn`tfdhts; dhvorchfdhtnb cead`tovds fust ed euobt ohtc tnxntoch, procr npprcvnb prc`dgurds lcr ohvdstfdht nhgtd`mhcbcjy `mco`d, lcrdojh trngd oh`dhtovds, nhg nbb `cfpchdhts cl gdvdbcpfdht pcbo`y.

Yrcebdf cl n``cuhtohj dhvorchfdhtnb bcssds1 Wmd edst vubhdrneoboty nhg rosk nhnbysos mns hct eddh nppbodg `chsos-tdhtby n`rcss td`mhcbcjods cr systdfs. N fnacr purpcsd cl bnrjd systdf gdsojh smcubg ed tc fnkd tmd `chsdqudh`ds cl lnoburd cr snectnjd bdss sdrocus. Wmdrd os tmus n hddg lcr hdw td`mhoquds nhg td`mhcbcjods ns wdbb ns bdjnb nhg ohstotu-tochnb fd`mnhosfs lcr snldty gdsojh nhg `chtrcb, n`ògdht prdvdhtoch, `chtohjdh`y pbnhhohj, gnfnjd fotojntoch, nhgprcvosoch cl rdbodl. Wmd bofots cl trngotochnb lohnhònb nhg `cst-n``cuhtohj fdtmcgs tc rdlbd`t crjnhosntochs dllcrts tc-wnrgs sustnohneoboty nhg tc prcvogd fnhnjdfdht wotm ohlcrfntoch hddgdg tc fnkd sustnohnebd eusohdss gdòsochs mnvdeddh ercngby rd`cjhosdg. Ohlcrfntoch ch dhvorchfdhtnb pdrlcrfnh`d cl crjnhosntochs fojmt ed nvnobnebd tc scfd dxtdht,eut, ohtdrhnb `cfpnhy gdòsoch-fnkdrs, ns wdbb ns tmcsd oh puebo` nutmcrotods, nrd sdbgcf nebd tc bohk dhvorchfdhtnbohlcrfntoch tc d`chcfo` vnronebds nhg nrd `ruònbby bn`kohj dhvorchfdhtnb `cst ohlcrfntoch.

Ns n `chsdqudh`d, gdòsoch-fnkdrs lnob tc rd`cjhozd tmd d`chcfo` vnbud cl hnturnb rdscur`ds ns nssdts, nhg tmdeusohdss nhg lohnhònb vnbud cl jccg dhvorchfdhtnb pdrlcrfnh`d. Edychg Jccg-wobb ohotontovds, ldw fnrkdt-ensdgoh`dhtovds dxost tc ohtdjrntd dhvorchfdhtnb `ch`drhs oh gdòsoch-fnkohj. Wmdrdlcrd, tmdrd os n hddg tc upjrngd tmd euso-hdss gdòsoch-fnkohj prc`dss ey oh`bugohj ohlcrfntoch ch fntdronb lbcws nhg rdbntdg `csts tc n``cuht lcr dllcrts tcwnrgssustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht.

Yrcebdf cl loxohj rdspchsoeobotods nhg fnkohj tmdf pny1 Pcfd bnrjd-s`nbd prcad`ts, mcwdvdr, rdquord pnrtoòpn-toch ch n golldrdht ensos. Yuebo` ohquorods nhg mdnrohjs ch tmd gdvdbcpfdht nhg dhvorchfdht ofpn`ts `nh mdbp jrdntby ohgrnwohj nttdhtoch tc golldrdht pcohts cl vodw. Lrdd n``dss tc rdbdvnht ohlcrfntoch nhg tmd nvnobneoboty cl nbtdrhntovd scur`dscl td`mho`nb dxpdrtosd `nh prcvogd nh ohlcrfdg ensos lcr puebo` gosùssoch. Zmdh tmd dhvorchfdhtnb ofpn`t cl n prcpcsdgprcad`t os pnrtoùbnrby mojm, puebo` s`rutohy cl tmd nsd smcubg ed fnhgntcry nhg, wmdrdvdr ldnsoebd, tmd gdòsoch smcubg edsuead`t tc procr puebo` npprcvnb, pdrmnps ey rdldrdhguf.

Dllo`n`y nhg nutmcroty cl ohtdrhntochnb bdjnb systdf oh scbvohj dhvorchfdhtnb `chlbo`ts1 Wmd ohtdjrntoch cl d`c-hcfo` nhg d`cbcjo`nb ln`tcrs ohtc tmd bnw nhg ohtc gdòsoch-fnkohj systdfs wotmoh `cuhtrods mns tc ed fnt`mdg nt tmdohtdrhntochnb bdvdb. Wmd jrcwtm oh ludb nhg fntdronb usd go`tntds tmnt gord`t pmyso`nb bohknjds edtwddh d`c-systdfs cl

golldrdht `cuhtrods wobb oh`rdnsd. D`chcfo` ohtdrn`tochs tmrcujm trngd, lohnh`d, ohvdstfdht, nhg trnvdb wobb nbsc jrcw nhgmdojmtdh d`chcfo` nhg d`cbcjo`nb ohtdrgdpdhgdh`d. Mdh`d, oh tmd luturd, dvdh fcrd sc tmnh hcw, sustnohnebd gdvdbcp-fdht rdquords tmd uholo`ntoch cl d`chcfo`s nhg d`cbcjy oh ohtdrhntochnb rdbntochs.

Wmd Dvdr Jrcwohj Ycpubntoch1 Ycpubntoch jrcwtm oh gdvdbcpohj `cuhtrods wobb rdfnoh uhdvdhby gostroeutdg ed-twddh rurnb nhg urenh nrdns. TK prcad`tochs sujjdst tmnt ey tmd lorst gd`ngd cl tmd hdxt `dhtury, tmd nescbutd sozd cl rurnbpcpubntochs oh fcst gdvdbcpohj `cuhtrods wobb stnrt gd`bohohj. Hdnrby ?9 pdr `dht cl tmd oh`rdnsd oh tmd gdvdbcpohj wcrbgwobb tnkd pbn`d oh urenh nrdns, tmd pcpubntoch cl wmo`m oh dxpd`tdg tc rosd lrcf >.>4 eobboch oh >?=4 tc 0.54 fobboch oh5954./>9. Wmd oh`rdnsd wobb ed pnrtoùbnrby fnrkdg oh Nlro`n nhg, tc n bdssdr dxtdht, oh Nson.

Npprcprontd cr Nbtdrhntd Wd`mhcbcjy1 Dhvorchfdhtnb rosks nrosohj lrcf td`mhcbcjo`nb nhg gdvdbcpfdhtnb gdò-sochs ofpohjd ch ohgovogunbs nhg nrdns tmnt mnvd bottbd cr hc ohlbudh`d ch tmcsd gdòsochs. Wmdor ohtdrdsts fust ed tnkdhohtc n``cuht. Hntochnb nhg ohtdrhntochnb ohstotutochnb fd`mnhosfs nrd hddgdg tc nssdss pctdhtonb ofpn`ts cl hdw td`mhcbc-jods edlcrd tmdy nrd wogdby usdg, oh crgdr tc dhsurd tmnt tmdor prcgu`toch, usd, nhg gospcsnb gc hct cvdrstrdss dhvorchfdh-

tnb rdscur`ds. Pofobnr nrrnhjdfdhts nrd rdquordg lcr fnacr ohtdrvdhtochs oh hnturnb systdfs, su`m ns rovdr govdrsoch crlcrdst `bdnrnh`d. Oh nggotoch, boneoboty lcr gnfnjds lrcf uhohtdhgdg `chsdqudh`ds fust ed strdhjtmdhdg nhg dhlcr`dg.

^.:. (n) @chstotutochnb prcvosochs lcr dhvorchfdhtnb prctd`toch nhg sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht.Nhs. Wmd dhn`tfdhts nrd pbdhty nhg tmd rubds nsscòntdg wotm tmd N`t nrd ufptddh. Wmdrd mnvd eddh ohotontovds lrcf tmd

bdjosbnturd nhg tmd dxdùtovd eut ot os tmd Ohgonh augoònry wmo`m mns tnkdh n bdng oh tdrfs cl tmd n`tunb offdgontd dlld`ts ohtmd fnttdrs cl tmd dhvorchfdht. Lnoburd cl tmd jcvdrhfdhtnb njdhòds tc ofpbdfdht tmd bnws fngd, prcfptdg tmd HJC nhgYuebo` tc npprcn`m tmd @curts ns n bnst rdscrt. Wmcujm tmd `rdgot lcr tmd dvcbutoch cl dhvorchfdhtnb aurosprugdh`d oh Ohgonjcds tc tmd Puprdfd @curt, wmo`m `nhhct ed gdhodg ey nhy `mnh`d, ot wns tmd >??: Fnjsnysny Nwnrg Zohhdr lcr Yuebo`Pdrvo`d, F@ Fdmtnwmc usdg YOB tc prctd`t tmd dhvorchfdht oh Ohgon vdry wosdby. Ctmdrs nbsc mng n smnrd oh tmos prn`to`d.


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(n) Nhgmrn Yrngdsm Ycbbutohj Ohgustrods @nsd1 Hnkkn \nju wns n lrdsm wntdr strdnf wmo`m prcvogdg lrdsm wntdrlcr grohkohj nhg orrojntoch tc tmd vobbnjdrs bovohj oh >7 vobbnjds ngan`dht tc ot. Eut tmd ohgos`rofo-hntdby sdt up 549 ohgustrodswmo`m gog hct lublobb tmd `chgotoch cl sdttohj up wntdr trdntfdht pbnhts turhdg tmd strdnf ohtc n mujd grnoh `nrryohjohgustronb dllbudhts. Wmd Puprdfd @curt gord`tdg tmnt nh nfcuht cl 59 fobboch smcubg ed pnog tc tmd lnrfdrs wmc mng bcsttmdor `rcps nhg `nttbd gud tc nor nhg wntdr pcbbutoch. Wmd nutmcrotods nrd gord`tdg fchotcr sdttohj up cl sdt up pcbbutoch`chtrcb gdvo`ds ey tmd pcbbutohj ohgustrods.

(e) Nhtcp Mobb @nsd1 Nt Nhtcp Mobb, oh tmd mdnrt cl Fufeno n bnrjd-s`nbdmdfo`nbs stcrnjd `dhtdr lcr mnznrgcus`mdfo`nbs wns prcpcsdg tc ed sdt up. Hdnrby >.4 fobboch pdcpbd bovohj nrcuhg tmd nrdn wobb ed stnkohj tmdor snldty ey tmos

prcpcsnb. N Yueo` Ohtdrdst Botojntoch wns lobdg oh tmd Puprdfd @curt cl Ohgon njnohst tmos. Wmd Npdx @curt rdn`tdgpcsotovdby nhg gord`tdg lcr tmd stcppnjd cl tmd ohgustrods nhg stcrohj cl su`m `mdfo`nb oh tmnt pnrtoùbnr nrdn.

(`) Nqunùbturd @nsd1 Ns nbrdngy fdhtochdg necvd tmd `cnstnb edbt cl Ohgon (dspdònbby tmd `cnstnb stntds cl Crossn,Nhgmrn Yrngdsm nhg Wnfob Hngu) os vdry bdhjtmy nhg ro`m oh lbcrn nhg lnuhn. Yrnwh lnrfohj ey sfnbb lnrfdrs wns gchdch n sfnbb s`nbd oh tmd pnst. Eut ch`d ot mns eddh `cffdrònbozdg ey tmd eoj ohgustronb mcusds nhg fubtohntochnbs tmdgdjrngntoch stnrtdg oh dvdry nspd`t. Wmd fdtmcgs ofpbdfdhtdg ey tmdf wdrd uhs`rupubcus, uhpbnhhdg nhg uhsòdhtolo`.Wmdsd prn`to`ds gdstrcydg tmd bovdbomccg cl tmd sfnbb lnrfdrs. Wmcusnhgs cl md`tnrds cl ldrtobd bnhgs nlld`tdg. Pnbohoty ohtmd jrcuhg wntdr mng oh`rdnsdg wmo`m rdsubtdg oh tmd s`nròty cl grohkohj wntdr. Wmd hdojmecurohj bnhgs nrd nlld`tdg nhgmnvd ed`cfd tctnbby usdbdss lcr `rcps. Oh tmos en`kgrcp P. Anjnhhntm n scònb wcrkdr nhg Jnhgmonh lobdg n wrot pdtotoch ohtmd Puprdfd @curt prnyohj lcr tmd prctd`toch cl `cnstnb d`cbcjy nhg bovds nhg bovdbomccg cl tmcusnhgs cl sfnbb lnrfdrsnhg losmdrfdh. Wmd Puprdfd @curt cl Ohgon rdn`tdg pcsotovdby nhg mdbg tmnt ohtdhsovd prnwh ùbturd wotmoh 499 fdtrds cl Mojm Wogd Bohd nhg wotmoh >999 fdtrds cl @mobkn Bnkd nhg Yubo`nt Bnkd smcubg ed enhhdg. Nh Nutmcroty uhgdr tmd@mnorfnhsmop cl n rdtordg Puprdfd @curt Augjd wns crgdrdg tc ed chstotutdg ey tmd @dhtrnb Jcvdrhfdht uhgdr DhvorchfdhtYrctd`toch N`t >?=< tc ofpbdfdht tmd prohòpbds cl Yrd`nutochnry Yrohòpbd nhg tmd Ycbbutdr Ynys Yrohòpbd tc nssdsstmd bcss tc d`cbcjy nhg rd`cvdr tmd `cst cl d`c-rdstcrntoch nhg nfcuht cl `cfpdhsntoch lrcf tmd pcbbutdrs.

(g) Ero`k Kobh @nsd1 Hdw Gdbmo Fdtrcpcbotnh nutmcroty grnltdr n Fnstdr Ybnh oh tmd ydnr >??9. N``crgohj tc tmntpbnh Ero`k Kobhs wdrd `ntdjcrozdg ns M. Wmd Puprdfd @curt cl Ohgon gord`tdg tmdf tc `bcsd gcwh tmdor ohgustrods crnbtdrhntovds tmdy `nh ed smoltdg cutsogd Gdbmo bofots wotmoh tmrdd ydnrs cl tmd fnstdr pbnh `cfohj ohtc dlld`t. Nppbo`ntochswdrd lobdg ey tmd ero`k kobh cwhdrs cl Gdbmo lcr fcgolo`ntoch cl tmd crgdr oh wmo`m tmd nppbo`nhts mng eddh gord`tdg tcsurrdhgdr tmd bnhg wotmcut edohj pnog nhy `cfpdhsntoch. Wmdor `chtdhtoch os tmnt oh tmd Fnstdr Ybnh cl >??9, ero`k kobhswdrd hct smcwh ns n `ntdjcry M ohgustry. Eut tmd Gdbmo Ycbbutoch @chtrcb @cffottdd oh tmdor rdpcrt suefottdg tc tmdPuprdfd @curt ch >??< npprnosdg tmd ln`t tmnt 57< ero`k kobhs nrd cpdrntohj oh H@W cl Gdbmo. Zmobd crgdrohj `bcsurd nhgsmoltohj cl tmdsd ohgustrods oh Gdbmo tmd Puprdfd @curt oh tmdor dnrbodr augjfdht mng gord`tdg tmnt tmd usd cl tmd bnhg wmo`m

wcubg ed`cfd nvnobnebd ch n``cuht cl smoltohj/rdbc`ntoch cl ero`k kobhs smnbb ed pdrfottdg oh tdrfs cl tmd crgdr cl >9tmFny, >??/?< jct fcgolodg. Wmd @curt nbsc fngd ot `bdnr tmnt tmos crgdr wobb hct nppby tc tmcsd ero`k kobhs cwhdrs wmc mnvdnvnobdg tmos @curt crgdr gntdg 5>/?< nhg mnvd edhdlotdg oh tmd snfd oh tmd fnttdr cl rdbc`ntoch.

(d) @cnstnb Nrdns @nsd1 Ns nbrdngy eddh gosùssdg oh tmos nrto`bd tmd @cnstnb Qchd Udjubntoch Hctolo`ntoch mng `cfdohtc dxostdh`d oh tmd ydnr>??>. Ohspotd cl tmd hctolo`ntoch hc `cnstnb Ptntds mng lcrfubntdg `cnstnb zchd fnhnjdfdht pbnh.Wmd rdsubt os mnpmnznrg `chstru`tochs nhg ohgustronb n`tovotods nrd pdrfottdg oh tmdsd nrdns. Ot bdng tc tmd bnrjd s`nbdgnfnjd tc `cnstnb d`cbcjy nhg bcss cl bovdbomccg tc bnkms cl losmdrfdh nhg ctmdr ohgojdhcus `cffuhotods gdpdhgdht chfnrohd rdscur`ds. Ohgonh @cuhòb lcr Dhvorc-Bdjnb N`toch (O@DBN) lobdg n Yuebo` Ohtdrdst Botojntoch lcr tmd prctd`toch cl `cnstnb zchd n``crgohj tc tmd hctolo`ntoch ossudg ey tmd Jcvdrhfdht cl Ohgon. Puprdfd @curt gdbovdrdg n bnhgfnrk

Augjfdht enhhohj ohgustronb/ `chstru`toch n`tovoty wotmoh 499 ftrs cl tmd Mojm Wogd Bohd nhg sdt n tofd bofot lcr tmd`cnstnb stntds tc lcrfubntd `cnstnb fnhnjdfdht pbnhs.

(e) Udjochnb ohotontovds lcr dhvorchfdht prctd toch nhg sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht.Nhs. Wmd DT mns scfd cl tmd mojmdst dhvorchfdht stnhgnrgs oh tmd wcrbg, gdvdbcpdg cvdr gd`ngds tc nggrdss n wogd

rnhjd cl ossuds. Wcgny, tmd fnoh procrotods nrd `cfentohj `bofntd `mnhjd, prdsdrvohj eoc-govdrsoty, rdguòhj mdnbtm prce-bdfs lrcf pcbbutoch nhg usohj hnturnb rdscur`ds fcrd rdspchsoeby. Zmobd nofdg nt prctd`tohj tmd dhvorchfdht, tmdsd jcnbs`nh `chtroeutd tc d`chcfo` jrcwtm ey lcstdrohj ohhcvntoch nhg dhtdrprosd. Gdentd oh HNLWN mnvd lcùsdg ch(>) pcssoebd tmrdnts pcsdg tc prdvocusby sojhdg T.P. gcfdsto` dhvorchfdhtnb bnws nhg ohtdrhntochnb dhvorchfdhtnb njrdd-fdhts; (5) `ch`drh tmnt mnrfchozntoch cl dhvorchfdhtnb stnhgnrgs wcubg rdsubt oh n``dptnh`d cl tmd bdnst `cffch gd-


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hcfohntcr; nhg (0) ldnr tmnt T.P. ohgustrods wcubg dstnebosm pcbbutoch mnvdhs oh Fdxo`c, wmdrd bnecr os `mdnpdr nhgdhlcr`dfdht cl rdjubntochs os wdnkdr tmnh oh tmd Thotdg Ptntds. Oh crgdr tc nbbny su`m `ch`drhs, sdvdrnb prcvosochs wdrdnggdg tc tmd HNLWN tdxt. Lcr dxnfpbd, tmd prdnfebd `cffots jcvdrhfdhts tc uhgdrtnkd oh`rdnsdg trngd oh n fnhhdr`chsostdht wotm dhvorchfdhtnb prctd`toch nhg `chsdrvntoch, nhg tmd njrddfdht s gosputd-sdttbdfdht prcvosochs `nh pbn`dtmd eurgdh ch tmd `cuhtry `mnbbdhjohj nh dhvorchfdhtnb rdjubntoch. Oh nggotoch, procr tc HNLWN dhtdrohj ohtc lcr`d chAnhunry >, >??7, tmd pnrtoòpntohj jcvdrhfdhts njrddg tc tmd Hcrtm Nfdro`nh Njrddfdht ch Dhvorchfdhtnb @ccpdrntoch(HNND@), wmo`m cebojds dn`m `cuhtry tc Dhsurd tmnt ots bnws nhg rdjubntochs prcvogd lcr mojm bdvdbs cl dhvorchfdhtnbprctd`toch nhg tc strovd tc `chtohud tc ofprcvd tmcsd bnws nhg rdjubntochs. Ot nbsc dhsurds n``dss ey provntd pdrschs tc

lnor nhg dquotnebd ngfohostrntovd nhg augoònb prc`ddgohjs ch fnttdrs pdrtnohohj tc tmd dhvorchfdht. Wmd HNND@ dstne-bosmdg tmd @cffossoch lcr Dhvorchfdhtnb @ccpdrntoch (@D@), wmo`m mns tmrdd ohstotutochnb `cfpchdhts1 n @cuhòb, nPd`rdtnront, nhg n Acoht Yuebo` Ngvoscry @cffottdd. Wmd @cuhòb, nssostdg ey tmd Pd`rdtnront, os `mnrjdg wotm fchotcrohjHNLWN s dhvorchfdhtnb ofpn`ts. Zmdh tmdy uh`cvdr ngvdrsd dhvorchfdhtnb ofpn`ts, tmdy pueboòzd tmdf oh vnrocuswnys, oh`bugohj pcstohj hcto`ds ch tmdor wde sotd. Wmd nof cl tmd `cuhòb os tmnt, ey fdnhs cl tmos puebo` smnfohj,`cuhtrods wobb tnkd n`toch tc rdfdgy tmdsd sotuntochs.

Nbb tmd Fdkchj stntds mnvd dfenrkdg ch lnr-rdn`mohj trngd boedrnbozntoch prcjrnffds, grovdh ey cr ns n rdquordfdhtclZcrbg Wrngd Crjnhosntoch fdfedrsmop, fdfedrsmop oh tmd Nsscòntoch cl Pcutmdnst Nsonh Hntochs (NPDNH) LrddWrngd Njrddfdht cr ctmdr ohtdrhntochnb ln`tcrs. Wmd dxpnhsoch cl trngd nhg boedrnbozntoch ohotontovds lurtmdr prdssurozdstmd dhvorchfdhtnb sustnohneoboty cl tmos rdjoch. Npnrt lrcf lcrfnb trngd nhg ohvdstfdht rdjofds, obbdjnb trngd-pnrtoùbnrbycl wobgbold nhg tofedr prcgu`ts-os nbsc uhgdrfohohj tmd sustnohneoboty cl tmd rdjoch's dhvorchfdht.

Fcrd dfpmnsos smcubg ed jovdh tc tmd strdhjtmdhohj cl tmd rdjoch s cwh ohstotutochnb fd`mnhosfs nhg n mojmdrbdvdb cl rdjochnb cwhdrsmop cl tmd trngd-dhvorchfdht njdhgn.Lcrdojh gchcrs smcubg ohtdhsoly dllcrts nbrdngy uhgdrwny tc ofprcvd tmd `ccrgohntoch cl tmd pobbnrs cl suppcrt-eobntdrnb prcad`ts nhg td`mho`nb nssostnh`d, cuhtry-ensdg NPDNH prcad`ts, nhg suppcrt tc tmd NPDNH Pd`rdtnront-tc dhsurd tmnt syhdrjods nrd n`modvdg.@ccrgohntoch nfchj gchcrs, nfchj NPDNH fdfedr stntds, edtwddh tmd NPDNH Pd`rdtnront nhg fdfedr stntds,nhg edtwddh gchcrs nhg NPDNH urjdhtby hddgs tc ed strdhjtmdhdg.Wmd hdw Yuebo` Cutrdn`m nhg @ovob Pcòdty Govosoch wotmoh tmd NPDNH Pd`rdtnront smcubg ed ohvdstdg wotm ngord`t fnhgntd tc nggrdss nhg lnòbotntd `ccpdrntoch edtwddh stntd nhg hch-stntd n`tcrs ch dhvorchfdhtnb fnttdrs.

^. ?. (n) Ohtdjrntoch cl sòdhtolo` nhg trngotochnb gdvdbcpfdht khcwbdgjd lcr sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht.Nhs. Nt tmd Zcrbg @chldrdh`d ch Pòdh`d oh >???, crjnhosdg ey THDP@C oh `ccpdrntoch wotm tmd Ohtdrhntochnb

@cuhòb lcr Pòdh`d, tmd rdbntochsmop edtwddh sòdhtolo` nhg trngotochnb khcwbdgjd wns tmd lcùs cl n tmdfnto` sdssoch chPòdh`d nhg Ctmdr Pystdfs cl Khcwbdgjd . Wmrcujm tmd Pòdh`d Njdhgn N Lrnfdwcrk lcr N`toch , n sdt cl rd`cf-fdhgntochs ch tmos spdòlo` ossud wns nggrdssdg tc jcvdrhfdhts, HJCs nhg ohtdrhntochnb crjnhosntochs oh`bugohj tmdrd`cffdhgntoch tc sustnoh trngotochnb khcwbdgjd systdfs tmrcujm n`tovd suppcrt tc tmd scòdtods tmnt nrd kddpdrs nhggdvdbcpdrs cl tmos khcwbdgjd, tmdor wnys cl bold, tmdor bnhjunjds, tmdor scònb crjnhosntoch nhg tmd dhvorchfdhts oh wmo`mtmdy bovd, nhg lubby rd`cjhosd tmd `chtroeutoch cl wcfdh ns rdpcsotcrods cl n bnrjd pnrt cl trngotochnb khcwbdgjd.

Wcgny, oh n wcrbg tmnt n`khcwbdgjd tmd `dhtrnb rcbd cl khcwbdgjd oh tmd gdvdbcpfdht prc`dss nhg tmnt sdts edlcrdotsdbl tmd jcnb cl euobgohj n khcwbdgjd scòdty , n ho`md ch tmd ohtdrhntochnb njdhgn mns eddh `bdnrby gdlohdg lcr tmdgostoh`tovd systdfs cl khcwbdgjd nhg khcw-mcw pcssdssdg ey ohgojdhcus nhg bc`nb `cffuhotods.

Eut dvdh tmcujm fu`m prcjrdss mns eddh fngd oh tmd rd`cjhotoch cl trngotochnb khcwbdgjd, tmd tnsk cl n`tunbbyofpbdfdhtohj rd`cffdhgntochs njrddg upch nt tmd Dnrtm Puffot, tmd Zcrbg @chldrdh`d ch Pòdh`d nhg ctmdr ohtdrhntochnb,rdjochnb nhg hntochnb dvdhts, mns prcvdg ohlohotdby fcrd `cfpbdx tmnh crojohnbby nhtoòpntdg. Ol sòdhtosts ngfot tc smnrohjn wcrbgvodw tmnt mns n ensos oh ùbturd, tmdh augjohj trngotochnb khcwbdgjd ey tmd tdhdts cl sòdh`d fnkds hc fcrd sdhsdtmnh dvnbuntohj sòdh`d n``crgohj tc tmd tdhdts cl trngotochnb khcwbdgjd.

Wcgny tmd bohkohj cl trngotochnb nhg sòdhtolo` khcwbdgjd os oh hddg cl hcvdb nhg fcrd `cfprdmdhsovd npprcn`mdstmnt n`khcwbdgjd tmd govdrsoty, gyhnfosf nhg fubtopbd gofdhsochs cl trngotochnb khcwbdgjd nhg tmd ercng rnhjd cl ots`chtroeutochs tc sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht. Wc erohj necut tmd prc`dss cl sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht lnstdr tmdrd nrd vnrocusdllcrts edohj fngd tc mnrhdss tmd trngotochnb prn`to`ds nhg khcwbdgjd nbchj wotm sòdhtolo` ohputs oh vnrocus nrdns.Njroùbturd nhg Lcrdstry

Eoc-govdrsoty, ohgojdhcus khcwbdgjd, nhg sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht nrd vdry bcsdby bohkdg. Wmd ohgojdhcus khcwbdgjdsystdfs cl tmd pdcpbds cl tmd Pcutm `chstotutd tmd wcrbg bnrjdst rdsdrvcor cl khcwbdgjd cl tmd govdrsd spdòds cl pbnht nhgnhofnb bold ch dnrtm. Lcr fnhy `dhturods, tmdor ohgojdhcus njroùbturnb systdfs mnvd utobosdg prn`to`ds nhg td`mhoqudswmo`m dfecgy, wmnt chd sòdhtost mns `nbbdg Yrohòpbds cl Ydrfnhdh`d .



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Gurohj >?=9s, tmd rdsdnr`mdrs nhg tmd sòdhtosts oh @JONU (@chsubtntovd Jrcup ch Ohtdrhntochnb Njroùbturnb Udsdnr`m)rd`cjhozdg tmd ofpcrtnh`d cl ohgojdhcus khcwbdgjd lcr sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht oh njroùbturnb prcgu`tovoty. Ohgojdhcusscob `mnrn`tdro-zntoch nhg scob fnhnjdfdht oh Nlro`n wns uhgdrtnkdh wotm tmd pnrtoòpntoch cl tmd bc`nb pdcpbd. Fcrdcvdr,oh Ohgon tcc, tmd njroùbturnb uhovdrsotods mnvd lcùsdg tmdor rdsdnr`m ch ohgojdhcusby nvnobnebd pbnht strnohs oh cbbnecrntochwotm tmd bc`nb lnrfdrs. Oh `cbbnecrntoch wotm tmd bc`nb `cffuhotods, sustnohnebd `rcp ùbtovntoch nhg orrojntoch fdtmcgs(d.j. grop orrojntoch) mnvd eddh prcfctdg ey HJCs nhg gdvdbcpdg ey sòdhtosts.@chsdrvntoch cl Eoc-govdrsoty

Wmd ln`t tmnt ohgojdhcus khcwbdgjd mns n pctdhtonb scur`d lcr `chsdrvntoch cl eocgovdrsoty mns hcw eddh rd`cjhosdg.

Zotm tmdor mdbp cl bc`nb pdcpbd, sòdhtosts mnvd eddh nebd tc gos`cvdr hdw spdòds. Dtmhc-ectnho`nb rdsdnr`m oh Ohgon nhgFdxo`c mns lcùsdg ch sn`rdg jrcvds c`ùrrohj tmrcujmcut tmdsd `cuhtrods tmnt nrd prctd`tdg nhg fnhnjdg ey bc`nb`cffuhotods. Oh tmdsd lcrdsts, trdds nrd hct ldbbdg. Udsdnr`m wns stnrtdg ch trngotochnb khcwbdgjd nhg systdfs oh tmd nrdncl fnrohd rdscur`d oh tmd Ynòlo` Osbnhgs. Lurtmdr, ohgojdhcus `chsdrvntoch nhg fnhnjdfdht prn`to`ds rdbntohj tc fnrohdeoc-govdrsoty wdrd cesdrvdg tmnt `cubg ed ngnptdg lcr luturd.Nrtosnhnb Wd`mhcbcjods

Oh vobbnjds nhg hch-ohgustronbosdg sdttohjs nrtosnhnb prcgu`ts su`m ns pcttdry, wccg wcrk, bdntmdr wcrk, fdtnb wcrk,mnhgo`rnlts, `nrpdt wdnvohj nhg ctmdrs mnvd eddh usdg oh cur scòdty tmrcujmcut cur mostcry. Wmd khcwbdgjd nhg skobb cl tmd nrtosnhs mnvd eddh pdrld`tdg cvdr muhgrdgs cl ydnrs usohj bc`nbby nvnobnebd fntdronbs nhg gdsojhs npprcprontd tc tmdùbturd cl tmd rdjoch nhg nrd pnssdg lrcf chd jdhdrntoch tc tmd hdxt oh tmd snfd lnfoby. Nrtosnhs khcwbdgjd mns eddh tmdensos cl sfnbb-s`nbd ohgustrods oh cur scòdty.

Fcrdcvdr, `cffuhotods oh rurnb nhg troenb nrdns usd lcrdst nhg pbnht prcgu`ts, tc fnkd tmdor dssdhtonb otdfs nhgmcusds dt`. Wmd ofpcrtnht ldnturd cl tmos td`mhcbcjy ots sustnohneoboty. Wmd usd cl bc`nbby nvnobnebd eocgdjrng-nebd nhgrdpbdhosmnebd rdscur`ds, fnxofuf utobosntoch cl rdhdwnebd dhdrjy nhg bcw `npotnb ohputs nrd scfd cl ots enso` dbdfdhts.Mcwdvdr, tmdsd td`mhcbcjods nrd lnòhj dxtoh`toch gud tc ohgustronbo-sntoch nhg nrtosnhnb prcgu`ts nrd lnòhj stoll `cfpdtotoch.Chd cl fnoh rdnschs lcr tmos sotuntoch os tmnt tmd nrtosnhnb fdtmcgs cl prcgu`toch mnvd rdfnohdg stnto` nhg mnvd hct eddhngcptdg nhg ofprcvdg tc fddt tmd rdquordfdhts cl prdsdht sotuntoch.

HJCs mnvd fngd jrdnt dllcrts oh Ohgon tc ohlusd hdw bold ohtc tmd gyohj nrtosnhnb `rnlts nltdr rdnbosohj tmd ofpcrtnh`dcl nrtosnhnb td`mhcbcjy tc sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht. Thgdr tmd jdhdrnb totbd cl Pòdh`d nhg Wd`mhcbcjy lcr UurnbGdvdbcpfdht , fnhy prcad`ts nhg prcjrnffds prcvogd n ro`m nhg usdlub ensd tc euobg upch oh tmd Nsonh rdjoch. Lcrohstnh`d, tmd @cuhòb lcr Pòdhtolo` nhg Ohgustronb Udsdnr`m (@POU) mns eddh tryohj tc ogdhtoly prdvnobohj trngotochnbprn`to`ds nhg prcvogd sòdhtolo` ohputs tc nrrovd nt d`cbcjo`nbby nhg ùbturnbby n``dptnebd td`mhcbcjods.Mdnbtm nhg Fdgoòhd

Wmd hddg lcr tmd profnry mdnbtm nrd cl necut =9% cl tmd wcrbg s pcpubntoch os prcvogdg ey tmd trngotochnb khcwbdgjd.Wrngotochnb systdfs cl fdgoòhd nhg mdnbtm`nrd su`m ns Poggmn, Thnho nhg Nyurvdgn, os n`tovdby suppcrtdg nhg rdsdnr`mdgoh Ohgon. Pofobnrby, oh @mohn, tmd @mohdsd nhg Woedtnh systdfs cl fdgoòhd nrd fcstby usdg oh mdnbtm`nrd. Fcrdcvdr,wdstdrh fdgoòhd chtohuds tc ed strchjby ohlbudh`dg ey trngotoc-hnb khcwbdgjd. Wmd nbbcpntmo` systdf tcc mns ots rccts ohtmd trngotochnb khcwbdgjd.

@urntovd fdgoòhd ns wdbb ns prdvdhtovd fdgoòhds, `csfdto`s nhg hutrn`duto`nbs tmnt nrd tnkdh ns suppbdfdhts tc godtnbb `nh ed prcgu`dg wotm tmd mdbp cl trngotochnb khcwbdgjd. Wmus, ohgojdhcus khcwbdgjd os dxtrdfdby vnbunebd lcr tmdgruj sòdhtosts. Wmos fdnhs `cbbnecrntoch wotm tmd bc`nb pdcpbd wcubg ed edhdloònb lcr tmd sòdhtosts nhg lcr tmd wmcbd cl mufnh scòdty.Ynrthdrsmop edtwddh Pòdhtolo`@cffuhoty nhg Ohgojdhcus Ydcpbd

Ot os edohj rd`cjhosdg tmnt pnrthdrsmops edtwddh tmd Pòdhtolo` nhg Wd`mhcbcjo`nb (P&W) `cffuhotods nhg ohgojdhcus

pdcpbd os hd`dssnry tc prcfctd sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht oh cur scòdty. Wmos pnrthdrsmop fust ed ensdg upch futunbrdspd`t nhg uhgdrstnhgohj, cpdh gonbcjud. Poh`d, tmd lodbgs cl trngotochnb nhg sòdhtolo` khcwbdgjd dxtdhg ohtc nrdnsohvcbvohj gdvdbcpfdht prc`dssds, eusohdss nhg jcvdrhfdht, tmdsd `cffotfdhts nrd ofpcrtnht.

Wmd P&W `cffuhoty fust erohj tmd hd`dssnry `mnhjds oh tmd `chgu`t cl sòdhtolo` rdsdnr`m. Wmos rdsdnr`m fustnggrdss tmd scònb, d`chcfo`, nhg dhvorchfdhtnb ossuds cl sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht. Ercng-ensdg pnrtoòpntcry npprcn`mdsohvcbvohj tmd mcbgdrs cl trngotochnb khcwbdgjd smcubg ed ngcptdg nhg tmd ossud cl cwhdrsmop cl khcwbdgjd fust eduhgdrstccg nhg n`khcwbdgjdg. Wmd Hntochnb Ohhcvntoch Lcuhgntoch (HOL) oh Ohgon os nh ofpcrtnht stdp oh tmos gord`toch.Ot os nbsc ofpcrtnht nt tmd snfd tofd tc dxpnhg tmdsd `cbbnecrntovd pnrthdrsmops tc oh`bugd npprcprontd ohtdrjcvdrhfdhtnbcrjnhosntochs, hntochnb jcvdrhfdht njdhòds, HJCs, bc`nb nutmcrotods, eusohdss nhg ohgustry.



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(e) Mufnh Udscur`d Gdvdbcpfdht lcr sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht.Nhs. Mufnh Udscur`d Gdvdbcpfdht (MUG) os tmd lrnfdwcrk lcr mdbpohj dfpbcydds gdvdbcp tmdor pdrschnb nhg

crjnhosntochnb skobbs, khcwbdgjd, nhg neobotods. Mufnh Udscur`d Gdvdbcpfdht oh`bugds su`m cppcrtuhotods ns dfpbcyddtrnohohj, dfpbcydd `nrddr gdvdbcpfdht, pdrlcrfnh`d fnhnjdfdht nhg gdvdbcpfdht, `cn`mohj, fdhtcrohj, su``dssochpbnhhohj, kdy dfpbcydd ogdhtolo`ntoch, tuotoch nssostnh`d nhg crjnhosntoch gdvdbcpfdht. Wmd lcùs cl nbb nspd`ts cl Mu-fnh Udscur`d Gdvdbcpfdht os ch gdvdbcpohj tmd fcst supdrocr wcrklcr`d sc tmnt tmd crjnhosntoch nhg ohgovogunb df-pbcydds `nh n``cfpbosm tmdor wcrk jcnbs oh sdrvo`d tc ùstcfdrs. Crjnhosntochs mnvd fnhy cppcrtuhotods lcr mufnhrdscur`ds cr dfpbcydd gdvdbcpfdht, ectm wotmoh nhg cutsogd cl tmd wcrkpbn`d. Mufnh Udscur`d Gdvdbcpfdht `nh ed

lcrfnb su`m ns oh `bnssrccf trnohohj, n `cbbdjd `cursd, cr nh crjnhosntochnb pbnhhdg `mnhjd dllcrt. Mufnh Udscur`dGdvdbcpfdht fny nbsc ed ohlcrfnb ns oh dfpbcydd `cn`mohj ey n fnhnjdr. Mdnbtmy crjnhosntochs edbodvd oh MufnhUdscur`d Gdvdbcpfdht nhg `cvdr nbb cl tmdsd ensds.Lnfoby Ybnhhohj

Jrcwtm cl pcpubntoch os tc ed fnhnjdg oh crgdr tc fnohtnoh mufnh rdscur`ds dlld`tovdby. Lcr tmos, wd hdd lnfobypbnhhohj wmo`m os tmd pbnhhohj cl wmdh tc mnvd `mobgrdh, nhg tmd usd cl eortm `chtrcb nhg ctmdr td`mhoquds tc ofpbdfdhtsu`m pbnhs. Ctmdr td`mhoquds `cffchby usdg oh`bugd sdxunboty dgu`ntoch, prdvdhtoch nhg fnhnjdfdht cl sdxunbbytrnhsfottdg ohld`tochs, prd-`ch`dptoch `cuhsdbohj nhg fnhnjdfdht nhg ohldrtoboty fnhnjdfdht.

Lnfoby pbnhhohj os scfdtofds usdg ns n syhchyf lcr tmd usd cl eortm `chtrcb, tmcujm ot cltdh oh`bugds fcrd. Ot os fcstusunbby nppbodg tc n ldfnbd-fnbd `cupbd wmc wosm tc bofot tmd hufedr cl `mobgrdh tmdy mnvd nhg/cr tc `chtrcb tmd tofohjcl prdjhnh`y (nbsc khcwh ns spnòhj `mobgrdh). Lnfoby pbnhhohj fny dh`cfpnss stdrobozntoch, ns wdbb ns prdjhnh`ytdrfohntoch. Hcw ot os dnsodr tc rdn`m rdfctd nrdns gud tc tmd rnpog ngvnh`ds oh `cffuho`ntoch td`mhcbcjy. Zotm ots mdbpwd `nh dgu`ntd tmd fnssds necut tmd ofpbo`ntochs cl pcpubntoch dxpbcsoch. Ohlcrfntoch td`mhcbcjy, nbchj wotm tdbd-`cffuho`ntochs, mns ercujmt nwnrdhdss nfchj pdcpbd.Ycvdrty nhg Pustnohnebd Gdvdbcpfdht

Bohknjds edtwddh pcvdrty nhg dhvorchfdhtnbby sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht nrd cltdh gdpdhgdht ch mcw pcvdrty osgdlohdg, tmd dhvorchfdhtnb prcebdf oh qudstoch, nhg tmd jrcups nfchj tmd pccr tmnt nrd nlld`tdg ey dhvorchfdhtnb`mnhjd/gdjrngntoch oh tmd `chtdxt cl uhdvdh gdvdbcpfdht. Wmd `nusds cl pcvdrty nhg dhvorchfdhtnb gdjrngntoch nrdstru`turdg ey tmos uhdvdh prc`dss cl gdvdbcpfdht cpdrntohj von td`mhcbcjods, oh`dhtovds nhg ohstotutochs nhg rdjubntochswmo`m lnvcur scfd. Wmd ercngdhohj cl chvdhtochnb pcvdrty fdnsurdfdhts (oh`cfd/`chsufptoch lbcws) tc oh`bugd ctmdrgofdhsochs cl pcvdrty su`m dhtotbdfdhts nhg vubhdrneoboty os mnhjohj tmd wny bohknjds edtwddh pcvdrty-dhvorchfdht nrdvodwdg.

Wc nggrdss qudstochs cl sustnohneoboty, tmdh, os tc chlrcht tmd luhgnfdhtnb gobdffns lnòhj tmd gdvdbcpfdht cffuhoty

tcgny. Wrngotochnb npprcn`mds nhg fcgdbs mnvd hct rdscbvdg tmd prcebdfs lcr tmd vnst fnacroty cl tmd wcrbg s pcpubntoch,wmo`m bovds oh pccrdr `chgotochs tcgny tmnh oh rd`dht mufnh mostcry. Zmobd tmd tro`kbd-gcwh npprcn`mds tc d`chcfo`prcjrdss dhro`m n ldw nhg stofubntd jrcwtm oh fcgdrh d`chcfods nhg sd`tcrs oh trngotochnb scòdtods, tmdy mnvd hctsdrvdg tc nggrdss fcst pdcpbd s hddgs; lurtmdrfcrd, tmdy `chtroeutdg tc gdpbdtohj tmd wcrbg s stcrd cl hnturnb wdnbtm, tc ngdtdrocrntoch oh tmd qunboty cl cur hnturnb dhvorchfdht, nhg tc dhro`mohj tmd wdnbtmy. Wmd ercngdhohj jnp edtwddh ro`mnhg pccr wotmoh hntochs nhg ch nh ohtdrhntochnb s`nbd clldrs stnrk tdstofchy cl tmd scònb ohngdqunòds cl tmos uhlcrtuhntdfcgdb cl d`chcfo` gdvdbcpfdht.

\nrocus td`mhcbcjods su`m ns njroùbturnb eoctd`mhcbcjy, dhdrjy td`mhcbcjods nhg ohlcrfntoch td`mhcbcjy mnvddhcrfcus pctdhtonb tc ofprcvd tmd bovds cl tmd pccr cl cur scòdty. Wmd vobbnjds nhg urenh sbufs nrd tc ed trnhslcrfdg lcrtmos purpcsd. Oh Ohgon, tmd jcvdrhfdht os dvcbvohj n pbnh tc gdvdbcp mdrenb nhg hnturnb prcgu`ts nhg mcrtoùbturd. Wmospbnh wobb bohk tmd pccr lnrfdr tc tmd rojmt kohg cl td`mhcbcjy ohput nhg tmd bnrjd jbcenb nhg gcfdsto` fnrkdts. Wmd prcpdrgdsojh nhg dlld`tovd nvnobneoboty cl tmd Ohlcrfntoch nhg @cffuho`ntoch Wd`mhcbcjods (O@Ws) tc tmd pccr nrd roto`nb nrdns

tmnt hddg nttdhtoch. Oh smcrt, td`mhcbcjods fust ed mnrhdssdg tc rdgu`d tmd jnp edtwddh tmd pccr nhg ro`m lcr sustnohnebdgdvdbcpfdht.Mdnbtm

Oh`rdnsohjby rnpog ngvnh`ds oh sòdh`d nhg td`mhcbcjy mnvd snvdg cr dxtdhgdg tmd bovds cl fobbochs cl pdcpbd wcrbgwogd.Eut ohgustronbozdg nhg gdvdbcpohj `cuhtrods mnvd hct smnrdg tmd jnohs dqunbby1 Ydcpbd bovohj oh gord pcvdrty oh gdvdbcpohj`cuhtrods stobb bn`k n``dss tc enso` `nrd tmnt `cubg prdvdht cr ùrd gosdnsds nhg ctmdr mdnbtm `chgotochs. Oh tmd sd`chg mnbl cl tmd 59tm `dhtury, n stdngy n`ùfubntoch cl khcwbdgjd oh fdgoòhd nhg puebo` mdnbtm bdg tc rdfnrknebd su``dssds oh`chtrcbbohj `cffuho`nebd gosdnsds su`m ns sfnbbpcx. Wmdsd ngvnh`ds nbsc rdsubtdg oh edttdr fnhnjdfdht cl hch-`cffuho`nebd gosdnsds su`m ns mdnrt gosdnsd nhg gonedtds, pnrtoùbnrby oh ohgustronbosdg cuhtrods. Fu`m cl tmd gdvdbcpohj



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wcrbg hcw ln`ds tmd gunb `mnbbdhjds cl nggrdssohj gosdnsds rdbntdg tc pcvdrty-uhgdr-hutrotoch nhg ohld`tocus gosdnsdswmobd nbsc sddohj n rosd oh tmd gosdnsds tmnt nllbo`t wdnbtmodr `cuhtrods. Wc ofprcvd mdnbtm oh gdvdbcpohj `cuhtrods, nenbnh`d fust ed stru`k edtwddh rdbyohj ch hdw fdgo`nb ngvnh`ds nhg nppbyohj `chvdhtochnb mdnbtm fdnsurds oh `cst-dlld`tovd wnys. Oh nggotoch, mdnbtm rdsdnr`m fust ngcpt n fcrd jbcenb pdrspd`tovd1 Jrdntdr `ccpdrntoch edtwddh tmdohgustron-bozdg `cuhtrods cl tmd Hcrtm nhg tmd gdvdbcpohj `cuhtrods cl tmd Pcutm wobb ed dssdhtonb tc dhsurd tmnt hdwsòdhtolo` ngvnh`ds edhdlot pccrdr `cuhtrods ns wdbb ns wdnbtmodr chds. Pdvdrnb procrotods smcubg juogd luturd eocfdgo`nbrdsdnr`m. Lorst, tmd enbnh`d cl rdsdnr`m edtwddh ohgustronb nhg gdvdbcpohj cuhtrods smcubg smolt sc tmnt n jrdntdr prcpcrtochos gord`tdg nt tmd hddgs cl pccrdr cuhtrods. Yuebo` nhg provntd luhgohj oh ohgustronb cuhtrods mns prdgcfohnhtby suppcrtdg

rdsdnr`m ch gosdnsds nlld`tohj tmdor cwh pcpubntochs nhg ojhcrdg tmd mdnbtm prcebdfs cl gdvdbcpohj `cuhtrods. Wmosskdwdg luhgohj mns rdsubtdg oh tmd >9/?9 jnp, oh wmo`m fcrd tmnh ?9 pdr `dht cl tmd wcrbg s spdhgohj ch mdnbtmrdsdnr`m os gord`tdg nt gosdnsds tmnt nlld`t chby >9 pdr `dht cl tmd wcrbg s pcpubntoch. Ol n edttdr enbnh`d os hct n`modvdg,ngvnh`ds oh sòdh`d nhg td`mhcbcjy `cubg lurtmdr wogdh tmd jnp oh mdnbtm `nrd edtwddh tmd Hcrtm nhg Pcutm. N sd`chgprocroty os tc nhnbyzd nhg usd fdtmcgs cl mdnbtm `nrd gdbovdry nbrdngy khcwh tc ed `boho`nbby dlld`tovd nhg `cst-dlld`tovd.Mdnbtm sdrvo`ds smcubg ed ensdg ch wdbb-gdsojhdg pobct stugods rntmdr tmnh pcboto`nb judsswcrk, nhg mdnbtm `nrd systdfssmcubg ed dvnbuntdg rojcrcusby nhg mdbg tc mojm pdrlcrfnh`d stnhgnrgs. N tmorg procroty os tc usd n fubtogosòpbohnrynpprcn`mdxnfohohj tmd eocbcjo`nb ns wdbb ns scònb gofdhsochs cl gosdnsdstc nggrdss tmd fnacr `nusds cl gdntm nhgobbmdnbtm tmnt mnvd ydt tc ed `chtrcbbdg. Wmd tnrjdt gosdnsds oh`bugd fnbnron, NOGP, tuedrùbcsos, `nrgocvnsùbnr gosdnsd,`nh`dr, gonedtds, nhg fdhtnb mdnbtm goscrgdrs.

Mufnh rdscur`ds os n tdrf usdg tc gds`roed tmd ohgovogunbs wmc `cfprosd tmd wcrklcr`d cl nh crjnhosntoch, nbtmcujmot os nbsc nppbodg oh bnecur d`chcfo`s tc, eusohdss sd`tcrs cr dvdh wmcbd hntochs. Mufnh rdscur`ds os nbsc tmd hnfd cl tmdluh`toch wotmoh nh crjnhosntoch `mnrjdg wotm tmd cvdrnbb rdspchsoeoboty lcr ofpbdfdhtohj strntdjods nhg pcboòds rdbntohjtc tmd fnhnjdfdht cl ohgovogunbs (o.d. tmd mufnh rdscur`ds). Pustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht mns eddh n tcpo` cl gosùssochs nhggdentds nfchj jcvdrhfdht clloònbs, eusohdss prcldssochnbs nhg ctmdr fdfedrs cl tmd scòdty soh`d tmd edjohhohj cl jbcenbosntoch fcrd tmnh twc gd`ngds njc. Hufdrcus nttdfpts nrcuhg tmd wcrbg, oh`bugohj Jccg Jcvdrhnh`d nhg @crpcrntdPcònb Udspchsoeoboty, mnvd eddh fngd tc dhsurd sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht. Nh nbtdrhntovd npprcn`m tc sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdht`nbbdg tmd Pulloòdh`y D`chcfy Ymobcscpmy mns eddh ohtrcgu`dg. Nbtmcujm tmd pmobcscpmy dh`cfpnssds sustnohnebd gdvdbcpfdhtoh fnhy lrchts (d.j. ohgovogunbs, `cffuhotods, njroùbturd, jcvdrhfdht), tmd lcùs cl tmos dssny os ch `crpcrntd sustnohneobotysoh`d eusohdss crjnhosntochs uhgcuetdgby pbny n povctnb rcbd oh sustnohohj nhy d`chcfy nhg scòdty. @bdnrby, `crpcrntdsustnohneoboty `cvdrs oh sojholo`nht pnrt tmd gdvdbcpfdht cl mufnh rdscur`ds nhg eusohdss ohstotutochs.


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