Overview, Overview, Protocols, OSI Protocols, OSI Model, TCP/IP Model, TCP/IP

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Model, TCP/IP Model, TCP/IP basicsbasics

Data Network Fundamentals Data Network Fundamentals

Objectives� Describe how networks impact our daily lives .

� Describe the role of data networking in the human network.

� Identify the opportunities and challenges posed by converged networks.

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converged networks.

� Describe the characteristics of network architectures: fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service an d security.

� Describe OSI Model and TCP/IP architecture

How Networks Impact Daily Life

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How Networks Impact Daily Life� IM, Wikis , Blogs, Podcasting, and Collaboration

Tools–Instant messaging

•Real time communication between 2 or more people based on typed text

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people based on typed text–Weblogs (Blogs)

•Web pages created by an individual

–Podcasting•Website that containsaudio files availablefor downloading

How Networks Impact Daily Life

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Converged networkA type of network that can carry voice, video & dat a over the same network

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Network Architecture Characteristics� Characteristics that are addressed by network

architecture design–Fault tolerance

–Scalability

–Quality of service

–Security

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–Security

Network Architecture Characteristics� Packet switching helps improve the resiliency and fault tolerance

of the Internet architecture

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Network Architecture Characteristics� Characteristics of the Internet that help it scale to

meet user demand–Hierarchical

–Common standards

–Common protocols

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Network Architecture Characteristics� Quality of Service and the mechanisms necessary to

ensure it

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Network Architecture Characteristics

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Network Architecture Characteristics� QoS strategy for a given type of traffic

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Network Architecture Characteristics� Why networks must be secure ??

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Network Architecture Characteristics� Describe basic measures to secure data networks

–Ensure confidentialityconfidentiality through use of

•User authentication

•Data encryption

–Maintain communication integrity through use of

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•Digital signatures

–Ensure availability through use of

•Firewalls

•Redundant network

architecture

•Hardware without a single

point of failure

Network Structure� Network:

data or information networks capable of carrying ma ny different types of communications

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Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges

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Network Structure� End Devices and their Role in the Network

–End devices form interface with human network & com munications network

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Network Types

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Network Types: Internet

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Function of Protocol in Network Communication

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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI ModelA protocol model

provides a model that closely matches the structure of a particular protocol suite.

A reference model

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A reference model

provides a common reference for maintaining consistency within all types of network protocols and services.

OSI Model

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TCP/IPTCP/IP

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Compare OSI and TCP/IP model

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The Communication Process

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PDU and encapsulation

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Process of sending and receiving messages

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Addressing and Naming Schemes

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Application LayerApplication Layer

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Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks

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Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks

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Client and server processes in data networks

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Server Farm

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DNS ServicesDNS Services

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OSI Transport OSI Transport LayerLayer

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LayerLayer

Transport Layer Role and Services

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Major functions of the transport layer and the role it plays in data networks

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Supporting Reliable Communication

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� Identify the basic characteristics of the UDP and T CP protocols

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Port number and their role in the TCP and UDP Port number and their role in the TCP and UDP protocols.protocols.

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Application and Operation of TCP Mechanisms

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Segmentation and reassemblySegmentation and reassembly ..

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Managing TCP Sessions

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TCP protocol and acknowledgement numbersTCP protocol and acknowledgement numbers

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Window size, data loss and congestion during a session

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Port numbers establishing TCP sessionsPort numbers establishing TCP sessions

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UDP Protocol

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UDP Protocol

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OSI Network OSI Network LayerLayer

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LayerLayer

Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP)

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Basic characteristics and the role of the IPv4

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IP protocol as it is connectionless

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IP protocol as it is considered an unreliable proto colIP protocol as it is considered an unreliable proto col

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IP as it is media independentIP as it is media independent

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Encapsulation in IP packetsEncapsulation in IP packets

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Header fields in the IPv4 protocol

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Communication problems that emerge when very large numbers of devices are included in one large networ k

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� IP Address

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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding

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�Routed process

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Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses

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Define public address and private address

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Purpose of several special addresses

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Assigning Addresses

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How devices can obtain addresses?

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Grouping Devices into Networks and Hierarchical Addressing

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Calculating Addresses

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Calculating Addresses

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