Nossas Ruas, Nossa Gente: Logradouros Públicos de Leopoldina

5/16/2018 Nossas Ruas, Nossa Gente: Logradouros P blicos de Leopoldina - slidepdf.com

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Jbssks \uks, Jbssk

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Gbsè Ouhz Cke`kfb \bfrhiunsn

Jhozk Ekjtbjh






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!#$ohebs fk ehfkfn%

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Hjtrbfuéåb.......................................................................................................................................................;6Tokjb ^rlkjãstheb...........................................................................................................................................;0Obirkfburbs Ktukhs........................................................................................................................................<;

KLNOK\F !^!N" FN #\KH"$ ruk...................................................................................................<;KL%OH &N\'!H#$ (sekfkrhk.................................................................................................................<;K)*)HK"$ ruk...........................................................................................................................................<;K)*)H "N\TK$ ruk.................................................................................................................................<;KFK^+ !N++$ ruk..............................................................................................................................<<KF*,H TH\N" FN KO#NHFK$ ruk........................................................................................................<<K-!" +NHNH\K FN #K+"$ ruk......................................................................................................<<K/!NOO )\\4K F LN#$ ruk.........................................................................................................<<K/"+H! #N!N/H+N$ l(eb...........................................................................................................<<K/"+H! "HO,H! +NHNH\K FN \NN!FN$ ruk.........................................................................<<K/\HTH!K NF^K\FK ). "HO,K$ (sekfkrhk............................................................................................<5KOK! K\FN)$ ruk..............................................................................................................................<5KOLN\+ !^!N" FN #\KN"$ ruk.....................................................................................................<5

KO)N^ &^!>^NH\K -N\\K$ ruk.........................................................................................................<5KONK!F\N "KOH# \N)N$ ruk..........................................................................................................<6KO-\NF #K\+H!"$ l(eb......................................................................................................................<6KOH)N \F\H/^N" ,KON!+H#$ ruk.....................................................................................................<6KOH!N #!+NH\ /#N"$ ruk............................................................................................................<6KO%TH K""^!=9$ rkék......................................................................................................................<6KOH"H "K\N" -K&K\F$ ruk..........................................................................................................<8KO!" !/^NH\K$ ruk.......................................................................................................................<8KO+N#H\ K^/^"+ \F\H/^N"$ ruk..............................................................................................<8*O,K\ LK"+" -K\HK -\NH\N$ ruk..................................................................................................<7*O,K\ L+NO &^!>^NH\K$ F^+\$ ruk.................................................................................<7*O,K\ F K#K\KO$ ruk.....................................................................................................................<7

KOH\ FN KN,NF )K\,KO$ T\-N""\$ ruk.......................................................................<1K#K!FK -!"N)K$ ruk........................................................................................................................<1K#?\H) F^+\K #NFH!K$ ruk............................................................................................................<0K#?\H) . \)K$ l(eb.....................................................................................................................<0K!K!HK" "N\K-H#$ l(eb.......................................................................................................................<0K!FN\"! TN\NH\K LNOOK$ ruk........................................................................................................<03!/NOK OTN" FN KO#NHFK$ ruk.......................................................................................................<:K!/NON" N)N,N\\HK$ #KF\N$ rkék.............................................................................................<:3!/NO )OH$ ruk..................................................................................................................................<:3!/NO$ T\-N""\$ rkék.................................................................................................................52K!%H #NFNH\" -!+N"$ ruk..........................................................................................................52K!+N!\ \HLNH\ F" \NH"$ ruk.......................................................................................................52K!+N\ -N\!K!FN"$ (sekfkrhk...........................................................................................................5;K!+!H$ "K!+$ lkhrrb$ ruk ( Dhok.......................................................................................................5;K!+!H KO#NHFK \K#"$ ruk.........................................................................................................5<K!+!H )K\O" FN KO#NHFK \K#"$ ruk..................................................................................55K!+!H )^"+FH$ ruk......................................................................................................................55K!+!H FN OH,NH\K -HO$ ruk.....................................................................................................56K!+!H FN OH,NH\K / H#K\9N"$ F^+\$ ruk.......................................................................56K!+!H F )^+ -HO$ ruk.........................................................................................................56K!+'!H F ,KON !N+$ ruk..............................................................................................................56K!+!H -N\!K!FN" ,KON!+H#$ ruk..............................................................................................58K!+!H -N\\NH\K FN KO#NHFK$ rkék..........................................................................................58

K!+!H -\K!)H") ,KO,N\FN$ ruk...............................................................................................58K!+!H -\NFN\H) K!K!$ ruk..................................................................................................58K!+!H /K\)HK FN )K\,KO$ ruk...............................................................................................57




K!+!H OK#/OHK$ ruk.....................................................................................................................57K!+!H OH#K F" \NH"$ ruk..............................................................................................................57K!+!H #K)KF FN #K+"$ ruk.................................................................................................57K!+!H #N!N/H+N$ l(eb.................................................................................................................51K!+!H #^\K FN OH,NH\K /^H#K\9N"$ ruk..........................................................................51K!+!H !N++$ Dhok............................................................................................................................51

K!+!H !,K+ FN #\KH"$ okf(hrk..............................................................................................51K!+!H "KO#9$ ruk......................................................................................................................51KTK\N)HFK$ !""K "N!\K$ ruk....................................................................................................50K\K) )?"K\$ ruk.................................................................................................................................50K\KE&$ Dhok............................................................................................................................................50K\/N#H\ K^/^"+ TH!+ LH++N!)^\+$ ruk............................................................................50K\H"+N^ OK)N\FK #\KN"$ ruk.......................................................................................................5:K\H"+HFN"$ F#$ ruk.............................................................................................................................5:K\H"+HFN" LKFK\$ rkék...................................................................................................................62K\H"+HFN" TOH)HK! FK "HO,K$ ruk................................................................................................62K\ON++N LK"+"$ rkék........................................................................................................................62K\+^\ ON9$ lkhrrb.............................................................................................................................62

K\+^\ #K\K!K$ ruk.......................................................................................................................62K\ ,K")!)NO" )^!K$ ruk.........................................................................................................6;K"+\H) LK!FNH\K FN >^NH\$ ruk...........................................................................................6;*+HOK OK)N\FK FN )\^ #K)KF$ rkék...................................................................................6;K^/^"+ FN )K"+\$ ruk...................................................................................................................6<K^/^"+ F" K!&"$ TN+K$ ruk......................................................................................................6<K^\?OHK /. FN K""H"$ rkék..................................................................................................................65LK!FNH\K$ T\K=K FK$ lkhrrb............................................................................................................. 65LK!FNH\K!+N"$ &K\FH#$ lkhrrb..........................................................................................................65LNOK ,H"+K$ lkhrrb..................................................................................................................................65LNOK ,H"+K$ &K\FH#$ lkhrrb.................................................................................................................65LNOK\#H! -N\\NH\K FK )"+K$ trkD(ssk......................................................................................65LNOH"*\H FN OH,NH\K N "HO,K$ ruk................................................................................................65LN!NFH+ ,KOKFK\N"$ ruk.................................................................................................................65LN\!K\FH! &"? -HF?OH"$ ruk.........................................................................................................66LK "\+N$ lkhrrb...................................................................................................................................66L+NO \NH"$ T\-N""\$ rkék.....................................................................................................66L+NO$ "N!KF\$ rkék..................................................................................................................68L\;;7$ rbfbDhk.........................................................................................................................................68L\H+"$ ruk...............................................................................................................................................67)KH=K\K$ lkhrrb.......................................................................................................................................67)3!FHFK #K\HK FN &N"^"$ #KF\N$ kD(jhfk...................................................................................61)3!FHFK #K\HK -K&K\F OK#/OHK$ ruk.....................................................................................61

)3!FHF OKFNH\K$ ruk........................................................................................................................61)3!FHF ,NO"$ ruk..........................................................................................................................61)K\OH!F FN KO,K\N!/K #K\H!)$ ruk.................................................................................... 61)K\O" O^ #N!N/H+N$ rkék.........................................................................................................60)K\O" O^$ T\N"HFN!+N$ ruk...........................................................................................................60)K\O" #K/! /N"^KOFH LK\L"K$ ruk.....................................................................................6:)K\O" \^LN!" )K"+\ #NH\NON"$ ruk........................................................................................6:)K\O" ")N++H!$ ruk......................................................................................................................6:)K\#H+K #!+NH\$ ruk.....................................................................................................................82)K\#$ !""K "N!\K F$ ruk......................................................................................................82)K"+\ KO,N"$ ruk................................................................................................................................82)K+NF\KO$ lkhrrb....................................................................................................................................82

)KHK"$ F^>^N$ ruk..............................................................................................................................8;)N#H+?\H$ lkhrrb...................................................................................................................................8;)N!+N!*\H FK KLOH=9$ ruk........................................................................................................85




)H) LK"+"$ lkhrrb............................................................................................................................85)HT\HK! TN\NH\K LKHK$ ruk..............................................................................................................85)ONLN\ TN\NH\K "KON"$ ruk...............................................................................................................85)O,H" &^!>^NH\K LK"+"$ ruk........................................................................................................85)O,H" "KO/KF /K#K$ F^+\$ kD(jhfk ( rkék........................................................................86)KL!,K$ lkhrrb..............................................................................................................................86

)OK+H! LK\L"K FN )K"+\$ ruk...............................................................................................86)!)NH=9 "K\N" #!+NH\ FN )K"+\$ T\-N""\K ruk................................................88)!+\!$ ruk.......................................................................................................................................88)"+K #!+N"$ ruk...............................................................................................................................88)+N/HTN$ ruk..........................................................................................................................................88)\HK!=K$ trkD(ssk...................................................................................................................................87)\H"+,9$ "9$ lkhrrb........................................................................................................................81)\^$ "K!+K$ lkhrrb...............................................................................................................................81)^"+FH &^!>^NH\K$ F^+\$ ruk...............................................................................................81)^"+FH OK)N\FK$ ruk.....................................................................................................................80)\ /!=KO,N" FN OH,NH\K$ kok(fk.......................................................................................80FK!HNO "#H+$ ruk.................................................................................................................................80

F*\H OTN" FN -K\HK$ ruk................................................................................................................80F*\H #K+N^" FN OH,NH\K$ l(eb...................................................................................................80FK,HF TN\NH\K$ l(eb.............................................................................................................................8:F?O)H MN\!N) #\KH"$ ruk..........................................................................................................8:FNO-H# \HLNH\ /^NFN"$ F#$ kok(fk ( ruk.................................................................................8:FNF\$ #K\N)KO$ ruk.................................................................................................................72FN\!N,KO ,K\/K"$ ruk........................................................................................................................ 72FN"N!/K!$ lkhrrb................................................................................................................................72FHFH \K#"$ ruk.....................................................................................................................................7;FH\)N^ LK\L"K -K&K\F$ ruk........................................................................................................7;F#H!/" )!+N$ rkék......................................................................................................................7;F#H!/" K#L\K!$ ruk................................................................................................................7;F#H!/^N" TK)%-H) \K#"$ ruk....................................................................................................7;F!K N^?LHK$ lkhrrb...........................................................................................................................7;F^\,KO LK"+"$ ruk.............................................................................................................................7<F^\,KO LK"+"$ -K\#K)4^+H)$ ruk............................................................................................. 7<NF?"H "H>^NH\K$ ruk...........................................................................................................................7<NF#^!F FHK" FK )"+K$ ruk..........................................................................................................75NF"! LK\L"K \NN!FN$ ruk.........................................................................................................75NF"! MN\!N)$ ruk...........................................................................................................................75NF^K\F )ON#N!+H! "HO,K$ ruk...................................................................................................75NFMK\F K,HN\ "^K$ ruk..............................................................................................................75NOF\KF$ lkhrrb...................................................................................................................................75

NOHK" KL\KH#$ ruk..............................................................................................................................75NOHK" #K+"$ ruk...................................................................................................................................76NOHK" ,NH/K$ ruk....................................................................................................................................76NOH !/^NH\K /#N"$ ruk................................................................................................................76N#%OHK )!"+K!=K FN \NN!FN$ ruk..............................................................................................76N#%OHK ON,K""N^\ \)K$ ruk.........................................................................................................76N#%OHK TK)N)$ l(eb..........................................................................................................................78N#%OH \K#" TH!+$ T\-N""\$ ruk...........................................................................................78N!?K" /^H#K\9N" -\K!=K$ F^+\$ ruk....................................................................................78N!?K" OK)N\FK -\K!=K$ ruk............................................................................................................78N! OK)N\FK "KON"$ ruk....................................................................................................................77N\K"+ K!+^!N" FN OH,NH\K$ ruk.................................................................................................77

N\)%OHK /^H#K\9N"$ ruk.....................................................................................................................77N"+NOK O. FN #NOO$ ruk.....................................................................................................................77N"+N,N"$ lkhrrb.......................................................................................................................................77




N+NO,H!K -\NH+K" \K#"$ Dhok.........................................................................................................77NÔN\ -N\\NH\K !N++$ rkék...........................................................................................................77N^\%FH)N )K"+\ N"+N,N"$ ruk........................................................................................................71NTNFH)H!*\H"$ kD(jhfk..................................................................................................................71-*L\H)K$ lkhrrb.......................................................................................................................................71-K&K\F$ ruk...........................................................................................................................................70

-*+H#K$ lkhrrb ( Dhok................................................................................................................................70-NOH)HK!K FK )"+K K/^HK\$ ruk....................................................................................................7:-?OH -K\K/N$ rkék..............................................................................................................................7:-?OH #K\+H!"$ rkék............................................................................................................................7:-N\!K!F !,KH" FN OH,NH\K$ ruk..............................................................................................1;-N\\NH\K L\H+$ ruk.............................................................................................................................1;-HO#N!K$ "K!+K$ ruk..........................................................................................................................1;-OK^H!K )KH#$ ruk...........................................................................................................................1<-O\N"$ ruk..............................................................................................................................................1<-\+KONK$ lkhrrb..................................................................................................................................15-\K!)H") LK\L"K OH#K$ ruk........................................................................................................15-\K!)H") FN K!F\KFN LK"+"$ ruk............................................................................................15

-\K!)H") FN "^K OH#K$ ruk.......................................................................................................15-\K!)H") -\+N" FK "HO,K$ ruk.....................................................................................................16-\K!)H") O^H )\\4K$ trkD(ssk....................................................................................................16-\K!)H") O^H TN\NH\K$ ruk...........................................................................................................16-\K!)H") TH!NH\ )\\NHK FN OK)N\FK$ rkék....................................................................16-\K!)H") >^NH\/K$ ruk.................................................................................................................18-\K!)H") ")N++H!$ ruk................................................................................................................18-\K!)H") "H>^NH\K LK\L"K$ ruk................................................................................................18-\K!)H") K>^H!N$ rkék.................................................................................................................18-\K!OH! &"? FK "HO,K$ ruk.............................................................................................................18-^!)KO /K\)HK$ kD(jhfk...................................................................................................................18/KL\HNO FN K!F\KFN &^!>^NH\K$ ruk...........................................................................................17/KL\HNO #K/KO9N"$ ruk..................................................................................................................11/KL\HNOK$ H\#9$ ruk.............................................................................................................................10/K#K )N\>^NH\K$ rkék......................................................................................................................10/K\HLKOFH )N\>^NH\K$ ruk................................................................................................................1:/N!H LH++N!)^\+ FN K\KE&$ T\-N""\K$ rkék..................................................................02/N!+HO TK)N) FN #NO$ ruk.........................................................................................................02/N\KOF KO,N" -N\\NH\K$ ruk.........................................................................................................02/N\KOF )K#TK!K$ ruk......................................................................................................................02/N\K\F -N\\NH\K \NH"$ F#$ ruk.................................................................................................02/N\'!H# "HO,K$ ruk............................................................................................................................02/N+#H\ TN\NH\K LNOOK$ ruk............................................................................................................0;

/N+EOH ,K\/K"$ kD(jhfk....................................................................................................................0;/HOFK$ Dhok................................................................................................................................................0</!=KO,N" !N++$ ruk.......................................................................................................................0</\K=K"$ !""K "N!\K FK"$ Dhok.................................................................................................0</\K#K$ lkhrrb..........................................................................................................................................0</^HON\#N FN OH,NH\K$ #!"N!\$ ruk.................................................................................05/^"+K, LK\L"K #H\K!FK$ ruk.................................................................................................... 05/^"+K, #!+NH\ FN )K"+\$ T\-N""\$ ruk......................................................................05K\OF &"? LK"+" -\NH\N$ T\-N""\$ ruk.........................................................................06K\OF #K\K!K$ ruk....................................................................................................................06NLN\ TN\NH\K "KON"$ rkék..............................................................................................................06NH+\ \HLNH\ /^NFN"$ ruk.............................................................................................................08

NOLN\ TNF\ FN >^NH\"$ "K\/N!+$ ruk................................................................................08NON!K FN K!F\KFN LK"+"$ ruk...................................................................................................08NON!K &^!>^NH\K$ ruk......................................................................................................................08




NON!K &^!>^NH\K LK"+"$ ruk......................................................................................................08NON! +K,K\N" \NN!FN$ ruk........................................................................................................08?OH /^H#K\9N" -\K!=K$ F^+\$ ruk.....................................................................................08NO,?)H$ F#$ rkék...........................................................................................................................07N!\H>^N LK\L"K FK )\^$ T\-N""\$ okf(hrk......................................................................07N\)%OH KO#NHFK OH#K$ ruk.............................................................................................................07

HOFK #K\HK -\+N"$ ruk...................................................................................................................07!\H OK)N\FK -HO$ ruk...........................................................................................................07!\H \F\H/^N" OK)N\FK$ ruk................................................................................................07^#LN\+ FN KON!)K\ )K"+NO L\K!)$ #K\N)KO$ kD(jhfk..........................................01HFKOH!K /#N" F#H!/^N"$ ruk.....................................................................................................01HN\N)4 )^!K -\NH\N$ ruk..................................................................................................................01H#TN\KF\$ lkhrrb.................................................................................................................................01H\H!N^ #!+N"$ l(eb............................................................................................................................01H"KO+H!K \N!! /^NFN"$ T\-N""\K$ ruk.................................................................................00H"#KHO *,HOK$ ruk..................................................................................................................................00H,K! !H)FN#" )^+H!$ rkék..................................................................................................00HK^\ L\N+K"$ ruk..............................................................................................................................00

&KFN\ FN )K"+\ LK\L"K$ ruk......................................................................................................0:&KH\ "KO/KF /K#K$ krIu( ( t(rhjko rbfbDh@rhb.........................................................................0:&K\FH# LK!FNH\K!+N"$ lkhrrb...........................................................................................................0:&K\FH# LNOK ,H"+K$ lkhrrb..................................................................................................................0:&K\FH# )KH=K\K$ lkhrrb.......................................................................................................................:2&K\FH# OH"LK$ lkhrrb..........................................................................................................................:2&N^ TH!+ FN -K\HK$ kD(jhfk.............................................................................................................:2&9 LK+H"+K KO,H#$ T\-N""\$ ruk.............................................................................................:2&9 LK+H"+K -N\\NH\K !N++$ ruk................................................................................................:2&9 LNOK$ rkék....................................................................................................................................:2&9 L+NO$ ruk...............................................................................................................................:;&9 FN KO#NHFK )\^$ ruk..............................................................................................................:;&9 -N\\NH\K ,K\/K"$ ruk..............................................................................................................:;&9 /!=KO,N"$ ruk..........................................................................................................................:;&9 /^,4K$ ruk.................................................................................................................................:;&9 /^KOLN\+$ ruk..........................................................................................................................:;&9 &"? #!+NH\$ ruk...................................................................................................................:<&9 OK#K\)K$ ruk..............................................................................................................................:<&9 OK^$ )\!NO$ ruk.....................................................................................................................:5&9 #KOK>^HK"$ ruk..........................................................................................................................:5&9 #N!N/H+N$ ruk...........................................................................................................................:5&9 !N+$ ruk.......................................................................................................................................:5&9 TKÔH! LK\L"K$ ruk.............................................................................................................:6

&9 TKÔ H$ ruk...................................................................................................................................:6&9 TKÔ HH$ lkhrrb.............................................................................................................................:6&9 \KLNO +K,K\N"$ l(eb..............................................................................................................:8&9 \F\H/^N" FN K!F\KFN$ ruk.................................................................................................:8&9 "K#^NO$ ruk.................................................................................................................................:8&9 +NHNH\K FN #^\K /^H#K\9N"$ ruk..................................................................................:8&9 ,H)N!+N O)K$ ruk..................................................................................................................:8&9 HHH$ rkék.....................................................................................................................................:8&K>^H# )3!FHF -H/^NH\NF$ ruk...............................................................................................:7&K>^H# )3!FHF \HLNH\ &^!>^NH\K$ ruk................................................................................:7&K>^H# )^"+FH /^H#K\9N"$ lkhrrb ( ruk.................................................................................:7&K>^H# -N\\NH\K L\H+$ ruk..........................................................................................................:1

&K>^H# -^\+KF #N!NN"$ ruk.....................................................................................................:0&K>^H# -^\+KF TH!+$ F^+\$ lkhrrb.....................................................................................:0&K>^H# /K\)HK FN OH,NH\K$ ruk.................................................................................................:0




&K>^H# /^NFN" #K)KF$ T\-N""\$ ruk.............................................................................:0&K>^H# /^H#K\9N"$ ruk...................................................................................................................::&K>^H# #^\+H!$ ruk.....................................................................................................................::&K>^H# TN\NH\K FN OH,NH\K$ ruk................................................................................................::&K>^H# TH\N" LK\L"K$ ruk............................................................................................................::&L -H/^NH\NF$ ruk.............................................................................................................................::

&!K" LK"+"$ ruk..............................................................................................................................;22&!N" \)K$ ruk................................................................................................................................;22&"? K!+!H OK#/OHK$ ruk.........................................................................................................;22&"? K\K/! TH!NH\$ ruk.............................................................................................................;22&"? K\K!+N" &^!>^NH\K$ ruk........................................................................................................;22&"? K\\^FK$ lkhrrb............................................................................................................................;22&"? LK"+" -K\HK -\NH\N$ F^+\$ rkék.................................................................................;2;&"? )K#HO -N\\NH\K$ ruk.............................................................................................................;2;&"? )K\O" OTN"$ ruk....................................................................................................................;2;&"? FK "HO,K )^+H!$ trkD(ssk...................................................................................................;2;&"? FN "^K OH#K$ ruk...................................................................................................................;2;&"? F#H!/^N" /#N"$ TKF\N$ ruk............................................................................................;2;

&"? F" "K!+" /^H#K\9N"$ F^+\$ ruk..............................................................................;2;&"? N^/4!H F^+\K$ ruk.................................................................................................................;2<&"? N,K!/NOH"+K /^NFN"$ ruk......................................................................................................;2<&"? -\K!!N$ ruk............................................................................................................................;2<&"? /#N" F#H!/^N"$ F^+\$ ruk........................................................................................;2<&"? OH!+$ T\-N""\$ ruk.............................................................................................................;2<&"? #K\KH$ ruk...............................................................................................................................;25&"? #K^\%)H )^+H!$ trkD(ssk................................................................................................;25&"? TKÔH! F" \NH"$ Dhok.............................................................................................................;25&"? TK O LK+H"+K O^TK+H!H$ F^+\$ ruk...............................................................................;26&"? TNF\$ ruk....................................................................................................................................;26&"? TN\N"$ ruk.....................................................................................................................................;26&"? TH!+ FK "HO,K$ ruk...................................................................................................................;28&"? TH\N"$ rkék...................................................................................................................................;28&"? TOH)HK! FK "HO,K$ ruk.........................................................................................................;28&"? \. &^!>^NH\K$ ruk......................................................................................................................;28&"? \N!4 F ,KON$ ruk.....................................................................................................................;28&"?$ "9$ lkhrrb$ rkék$ ruk ( Dhok........................................................................................................;28&"? "HO,K$ ruk......................................................................................................................................;27&"? "HO,?\H FK "HO,K$ l(eb...........................................................................................................;27&"? "H>^NH\K FN )K"+\$ ruk........................................................................................................;27&"? +NHNH\K TH\N"$ ruk...................................................................................................................;27&"? M. K\K!+N" &^!>^NH\K$ ruk...................................................................................................;27

&,N!" /^HON\#N$ O^H )NO" N 3!/NO$ ruk.......................................................................;27&^K#H\ #^\K #N!F!=K$ ruk..................................................................................................;21&EOH LK\L"K$ rkék.........................................................................................................................;21&EOH )K\\K\$ ruk............................................................................................................................;21&EOH$ TKF\N$ ruk.................................................................................................................................;21&^\K!FH\ +ONF$ ruk.......................................................................................................................;21&^")NOH! ^LH+")N) FN OH,NH\K$ rkék............................................................................;20&^,N!KO )K\!NH\$ ruk....................................................................................................................;20OK)N\FK$ l(eb......................................................................................................................................;20OKN\+ K\KE& #N!F!=K$ ruk......................................................................................................;2:O?K FN #NFNH\" /^H#K\9N"$ ruk................................................................................................;2:ON!\ LKHK$ ruk.............................................................................................................................;2:

ONTOFH!K #N!FN" F \"*\H$ ruk........................................................................................;2:OH#NH\$ lkhrrb...................................................................................................................................;2:OH!FO- TH!NH\$ ruk....................................................................................................................;;2




OH! /!=KO,N"$ lkhrrb ( ruk............................................................................................................;;2O^\N!= N^?LH K^/^"+$ ruk................................................................................................;;2O^\N!= /!=KO,N" !^!N"$ ruk...............................................................................................;;2O^\N!= HN!!K)$ ruk...................................................................................................................;;2O^\N!= \NH"$ ruk............................................................................................................................;;;O^\N!= "K!+K!K$ ruk..................................................................................................................;;;

O^)K" K^/^"+$ ruk...........................................................................................................................;;;O^)K" OK)N\FK$ #K&\$ ruk...........................................................................................................;;5O^H )KTFN,HOON \HLNH\$ ruk........................................................................................................;;5O^H -N\!K!F -^\+KF$ rkék.....................................................................................................;;5O^H #!+NH\ \NN!FN$ ruk.........................................................................................................;;5O^H +\\N" LK\)NO"$ ruk............................................................................................................;;6O^H$ "9$ lkhrrb....................................................................................................................................;;6O^HK$ "K!+K$ ruk................................................................................................................................;;6O^HK L!H!$ ruk..................................................................................................................................;;6O^HK FN &N"^" )NO$ trkD(ssk....................................................................................................;;6OFH )"+K \NH"$ ruk........................................................................................................................;;6#K=!K\HK$ ruk...................................................................................................................................;;8

#K!NO K!+!H FN KO#NHFK$ ruk..............................................................................................;;8#K!NO K\OH!F )K\!NH\$ ruk...................................................................................................;;1#K!NO FN KO#NHFK OK)N\FK$ ruk..............................................................................................;;1#K!NO &K!^*\H$ ruk......................................................................................................................;;1#K!NO OK)N\FK ONKO$ ruk............................................................................................................;;0#K!NO OLK+$ ruk..........................................................................................................................;;0#K!NO #K\+H!" FN "^K$ ruk...................................................................................................;;0#K!NO #!+NH\$ ruk....................................................................................................................;;0#K!NO \F\H/^N" TK!FNO$ ruk................................................................................................;;0#K!NO +^\%LH LK\L"K$ ruk......................................................................................................;;:#*\)H LK\L"K FN )K"+\$ ruk.................................................................................................;;:#K\) K^\?OH$ )\!NO$ ruk......................................................................................................;;:#K\HK KTK\N)HFK TH!+ FK )"+K$ ruk.......................................................................................;;:#K\HK L+NO &^!>^NH\K$ ruk....................................................................................................;;:#K\HK )K"+K!NH\K$ ruk..................................................................................................................;;:#K\HK FK )!)NH=9 !N++ LK+H"+K$ ruk.................................................................................;<2#K\HK FK O^ "HO,K$ ruk...................................................................................................................;<2#K\HK F )K\# KTK\N)HFK "KON"$ ruk....................................................................................;<2#K\HK F )K\# &^!>^NH\K ,KOON$ T\-N""\K #K\HF?HKG$ ruk..................................;<2#K\HK N#%OHK +#?$ ruk................................................................................................................;<2#K\HK /^H#K\9N" -\K!=K$ lkhrrb................................................................................................;<2#K\HK H#K)ÔKFK$ rkék.................................................................................................................;<2#K\HK &,H+K FK "HO,K$ ruk............................................................................................................. ;<2

#K\HK OH,NH\K \K#"$ ruk............................................................................................................;<;#K\HK \"K )\N"T$ ruk...................................................................................................................;<;#K\HK \"K TH\N" LK"+"$ ruk.......................................................................................................;<;#K\HK!K$ Dhok.......................................................................................................................................;<;#K\HK!K FN OH,NH\K )"+K$ ruk.................................................................................................;<;#K\HK!K #K\H! )\+N"$ l(eb..................................................................................................;<;#K\HF?HK$ T\-N""\K$ ruk............................................................................................................;<;#*\H #KOK)HK" FN "^K$ rkék.............................................................................................;<;#*\H TH\N" FN )K"+\$ ruk...........................................................................................................;<;#*\H \KO$ ruk...............................................................................................................................;<;#K^\ )K\,KO F ,KON$ ruk..................................................................................................... ;<<#KH#HK!$ Dhok..................................................................................................................................;<<

#NHK OK\K!&K$ lkhrrb..........................................................................................................................;<<#N\)NFN" \. )K\!NH\ )N\>^NH\K$ ruk.....................................................................................;<<#H/^NO /N"^KOFH$ ruk.......................................................................................................................;<<




#H/^NO #!+NH\ FN OH,NH\K \N"N!FN$ ruk..........................................................................;<<#HO+! \K#" TH!+$ ruk................................................................................................................;<<#H!K FN ^\$ lkhrrb..........................................................................................................................;<<#H!K" /N\KH"$ ruk...............................................................................................................................;<5#K)H\ )^!K$ ruk............................................................................................................................;<5#\ LK+H"+K$ ruk..............................................................................................................................;<5

#^\HO \F\H/^N" TH!+$ ruk.......................................................................................................;<5 !K,N"$ #!"N!\$ ruk................................................................................................................... ;<5 !NO"! #!+NH\$ ruk.....................................................................................................................;<5 !N!?# )?"K\$ ruk............................................................................................................................... ;<5 !N"+\ K^/^"+ \F\H/^N"$ ruk.................................................................................................;<6 !NM+! LK\L"K$ ruk......................................................................................................................;<6 !H)*)H "KOON"$ ruk........................................................................................................................... ;<6 !H)OK^ N"+N,N"$ ruk....................................................................................................................... ;<6 !H)OK^ &"? OKO^!K$ ruk..............................................................................................................;<8 !HO )O! F" "K!+"$ ruk.......................................................................................................;<8 !%HK OK)N\FK K>^H!N$ ruk.......................................................................................................... ;<8 !,K ONTOFH!K$ lkhrrb..................................................................................................................;<8

FN+N FK "HO,K$ ruk............................................................................................................................;<7OFN#K\ #!+N!K\H$ ruk...............................................................................................................;<7O/K LK\L"K OKFNH\K$ ruk..........................................................................................................;<7O%#TH #^\9 -HO$ /N!N\KO$ ruk.......................................................................................;<7OH,HN\ -K&K\F$ )\!NO$ ruk....................................................................................................;<7O!+ /!=KO,N" !N++$ ruk..................................................................................................;<1#K\ LK\L"K$ ruk...........................................................................................................................;<1#K\ &^!>^NH\K LK"+"$ F^+\$ ruk......................................................................................;<1#K\ \N"N!FN TN\N"$ ruk...............................................................................................................;<1!=K$ lkhrrb...........................................................................................................................................;<0T+K+ OK)N\FK -\K!=K$ ruk........................................................................................................ ;<:\HNO LK\L"K$ ruk............................................................................................................................;<:\OK!F #!+NH\ ONH+N$ ruk......................................................................................................;<:\#N^ &^!>^NH\K L+NO$ F^+\$ (strkfk$ rkék ( ruk.......................................................;<:")K\ #K)KF$ ruk........................................................................................................................;52"#K\ FN KO#NHFK$ ruk....................................................................................................................;52"\H$ /N!N\KO$ rkék....................................................................................................................;52"MKOF ,HNH\K$ F^+\$ ruk.......................................................................................................;5;+!HNO LK\L"K$ Dhok.....................................................................................................................;5;++ OK)N\FK -\K!=K$ ruk............................................................................................................;5;TK)%-H) \)K$ ruk..........................................................................................................................;5<TKÔH! \F\H/^N"$ )KTH+9$ ruk...............................................................................................;5<TKÔ$ "9$ ruk....................................................................................................................................;5<

TKÔ K-!" F ,KOON$ ruk.......................................................................................................... ;5<TKÔ K-!" /!=KO,N" FN #K+"$ ruk.................................................................................;5<TKÔ "?\/H \N"N!FN$ ruk............................................................................................................;55TNF\$ "9$ lkhrrb ( ruk.......................................................................................................................;55TNF\ K\K!+N"$ F^+\$ ruk.........................................................................................................;55TNF\ L\H+ !N++$ lkhrrb...............................................................................................................;55TNF\ )?"K\ FN "^K LK"+"$ F^+\$ ruk..........................................................................;55TNF\ #K+OK$ kD(jhfk.....................................................................................................................;55TNF\ HH$ F#$ trkD(ssk.......................................................................................................................;56TN\)HOHK! FN OH,NH\K$ ruk..........................................................................................................;58TN\NH\K$ Dhok.........................................................................................................................................;58TN+\H!K /#N" #K)KF$ ruk......................................................................................................;58

TH!/^FK$ lkhrrb.....................................................................................................................................;58TH HH$ rkék..........................................................................................................................................;58TH\H!N^"$ lkhrrb.....................................................................................................................................;58




TOLH )\+N" FN TKÔK$ ruk.........................................................................................................;58T#T%OH /^H#K\9N"$ ruk................................................................................................................;57TTÔK\$ lkhrrb....................................................................................................................................;57T\K=K FK LK!FNH\K$ lkhrrb..............................................................................................................;57>^H!+K \N"HF4!)HK$ lkhrrb...............................................................................................................;57\K-KNO /\\KF$ kD(jhfk................................................................................................................;51

\K#"$ Dhok............................................................................................................................................;51\K!Ô- #K+OK #H\K!FK$ ruk...................................................................................................;51\KTKNO F#H!/^N"$ ruk................................................................................................................;51\KTKNO HN!!K)$ ruk......................................................................................................................;51\N!K+ #!+NH\ &^!>^NH\K$ ruk..............................................................................................;50\HLNH\ &^!>^NH\K$ ruk....................................................................................................................;50\H)K\F )^+H!$ )KTH+9$ ruk................................................................................................;50\H+K FN K""H"$ rkék.............................................................................................................................;5:\H+K /H!K LK\L"K$ ruk....................................................................................................................;5:\LN\+ ,HK!H ^!/$ ruk..............................................................................................................;5:\OK!F OKFNH\K "KO/KF$ ruk..................................................................................................;5:\#^KOF &K>^H# FN "^K$ ruk.............................................................................................;5:

\!KOF #NO9 #K)KF$ (sekfkrhk..........................................................................................;5:\"*\H$ lkhrrb ( rkék.........................................................................................................................;5:\^LN# F^K\+N$ ruk............................................................................................................................;6;\^LN!" -. \N"N!FN$ Dhok....................................................................................................................;6<"KO,KF\ \F\H/^N"$ ruk...............................................................................................................;6<"K!+ #N!N/N++H$ ruk...................................................................................................................;6<"K!+"$ Dhok...........................................................................................................................................;65"NLK"+H9 K!+^!N" -!"N)K$ kD(jhfk........................................................................................;65"NLK"+H9 KTK\%)H FK ,NH/K$ ruk...............................................................................................;65"NLK"+H9 )K#T" KO,H#$ F^+\$ okrib.................................................................................;66"NLK"+H9 -N\\NH\K OK)N\FK$ ruk..............................................................................................;66"NLK"+H9 TN\NH\K LNOOK$ ruk......................................................................................................;66"NLK"+H9 "K\N" FN OH,NH\K$ trkD(ssk....................................................................................;66"NLK"+H9$ "9$ lkhrrb.......................................................................................................................;66"NO# &^!>^NH\K$ ruk......................................................................................................................;66"N#H!*\H$ lkhrrb................................................................................................................................;68"N!\ F" TK"""$ ruk...................................................................................................................;68"N\/H! F \)$ ruk....................................................................................................................;68"N\\K ,N\FN$ lkhrrb............................................................................................................................;68"N+N FN "N+N#L\$ ruk.....................................................................................................................;68"HF!N -\K!)H! FN "9 &"?$ ruk..............................................................................................;67"%O,H ,H+H$ ruk...................................................................................................................................;67"H!FH)K+ +4+HO$ ruk.......................................................................................................................;61

"ONH\$ ruk..........................................................................................................................................;61"O,H #K\K!K$ ruk.......................................................................................................................;61+K!)\NF !N,N"$ F^+\$ kD(jhfk..............................................................................................;61+NK+\$ trkD(ssk....................................................................................................................................;61+NFOH! +K,K\N" FN #NFNH\"$ ruk.......................................................................................;60+N\NK$ "K!+K$ lkhrrb........................................................................................................................;60+H\KFN!+N"$ ruk..................................................................................................................................;6:+LHK" -H/^NH\K FK )"+K$ l(eb...................................................................................................;82+#? !/^NH\K$ lkhrrb......................................................................................................................;82+\K&K! TH\N" FN KO#NHFK$ ruk....................................................................................................;8;+\K!>^HOH! )\\NK F LN#$ ruk...............................................................................................;8;+\4" )\^N"$ lkhrrb.............................................................................................................................;8;

+\4" FN #K\=$ ruk...........................................................................................................................;8;+^-H) &\/N$ ruk..................................................................................................................................;8;,KON F "O$ lkhrrb.............................................................................................................................;8;




,KON!+H#$ Dhok......................................................................................................................................;8;,N!+K!HK$ lkhrrb ( rkék......................................................................................................................;8;,N\K /^H#K\9N" -\K!=K$ ruk.......................................................................................................;8<,H)N!+K /^HOK\+N KO!"$ #KF\N$ ruk..................................................................................... ;8<,H)N!+N LK"HON$ ruk...........................................................................................................................;8<,H)N!+N FN TKÔ$ "9$ ruk ( trkD(ssk$...........................................................................................;8<

,H)N!+N HN!!K)$ ruk.......................................................................................................................;8<,HOK #H\KOFK$ lkhrrb..........................................................................................................................;85,H!+N N "N+N FN KL\HO$ ruk..............................................................................................................;85,H!+N N ^# FN KL\HO$ ruk.................................................................................................................;85,H+\KO$ Dhok...........................................................................................................................................;86MKOFN#K\ +K,K\N" FN OK)N\FK$ rkék.....................................................................................;86MK"H!/+! K!F\HN"$ rkék...........................................................................................................;86MHO"! LN\LK\H$ ruk.........................................................................................................................;86MHO"! ,KON!+H#$ ruk......................................................................................................................;86K,HN\ FN "^K$ ruk........................................................................................................................;88N>^H!K \NH"$ rkék..........................................................................................................................;88H! #\KH"$ ruk..............................................................................................................................;88

HH!K \NN!FN$ T\-N""\K$ ruk.............................................................................................;88Kjthibs Obirkfburbs....................................................................................................................................;87

KT\N!FHKF......................................................................................................................................;81K\/H\H+K$ rkék.....................................................................................................................................;81K\\K!)K+)...................................................................................................................................;80LK ,H"+K$ ruk......................................................................................................................................;80LK ,H"+K$ ruk......................................................................................................................................;8:L#LK$ ruk............................................................................................................................................;72L\;<2$ rbfbDhk.......................................................................................................................................;72L^\K)$ ruk..........................................................................................................................................;72)K#H! F #NH.............................................................................................................................;7;)K#T OH#T$ ruk...............................................................................................................................;7;)K+K/^K"N"$ ruk.................................................................................................................................;7;)KHK"$ F^>^N$ okrib.........................................................................................................................;7<)N#H+?\H$ okrib..................................................................................................................................;7<)!)\FHK$ okrib................................................................................................................................;7<)!"+K!=K$ eboAjhk............................................................................................................................;7<)\?HK$ lkhrrb........................................................................................................................................;75FN")K\=KF\N"$ ruk......................................................................................................................;76FN"N!/K!$ kD(jhfk...........................................................................................................................;76FH\NH+K$ ruk...........................................................................................................................................;78-NH&9 )\^$ rkék ( trkD(ssk.................................................................................................................;78-O\N"+K$ ruk.......................................................................................................................................;77

-\)K$ brrb.........................................................................................................................................;77-\#"K$ ruk........................................................................................................................................;71/\K#K$ ruk............................................................................................................................................;71K\#!HK$ bjt($ ruk ( rkék...............................................................................................................;70H!F^"+\HKO$ lkhrrb...............................................................................................................................;70H"KLNO$ "K!+K$ kD(jhfk.......................................................................................................................;70&9 O^\N!=$ lkhrrb......................................................................................................................;7:&"? /K#K$ ruk.....................................................................................................................................;12OH!K$ lkhrrb..........................................................................................................................................;12#K+\H$ Kotb fk......................................................................................................................................;12#NO ,HK!!K$ rkék............................................................................................................................;1;#^!H)HTKO$ ruk.....................................................................................................................................;1;

!,K$ ruk................................................................................................................................................ ;1<TN\*\H"$ ruk.....................................................................................................................................;1<\-K!K+.............................................................................................................................................;15




TKOK$ ruk..............................................................................................................................................;15TKO#NH\K"$ ruk.....................................................................................................................................;15TK""NH$ okrib........................................................................................................................................;15THK)K+^LK$ ruk.....................................................................................................................................;15T!+N$ ruk..............................................................................................................................................;15T\H#NH\ FN #K\=$ ruk..................................................................................................................;16

T\,HF4!)HK$ ruk................................................................................................................................;18T^\$ kC(jfk..........................................................................................................................................;18\N)\NH$ rkék......................................................................................................................................;18\HK)^NO$ ruk....................................................................................................................................;18\H L\K!)$ ,H")!FN$ okrib rkékG..............................................................................................;17\F\H/^N"$ eJ@ekrk.............................................................................................................................;17"KO/KF -HO$ ruk...........................................................................................................................;17"KTN)KF$ kotb.....................................................................................................................................;17"KT$ ruk.................................................................................................................................................;11"+N\$ ruk...........................................................................................................................................;11+KL)K"$ lkhrrb ( ruk............................................................................................................................;11+N\N"K$ "K!+K$ lkhrrb.........................................................................................................................;11

+N\NH!K$ "K!+K$ ruk......................................................................................................................;10+NLK"$ ruk...........................................................................................................................................;10+NTHO +!H$ ruk.......................................................................................................................;1:+\4" FN &^!$ ruk.............................................................................................................................;1:^\^L^$ rkék.........................................................................................................................................;1:,K")!)NO"$ F^+\$ ruk............................................................................................................;02

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\nernhb, \h$nhrb Gujunhrk, /n$ks n k ckrinc fhrnhtk fb rhb <bc$k, `b'n tnrrhtrhb fn

Ektkiuksns%

&k$ncbs un nc 3:2: rnshfhkc jb =nh'åb Eru 32N mkcDohks, nc : !rb!rhnfkfns%

+ è $bc onc$rkr un !krtn fnstn ernsehcnjtb !bfn snr n(!ohekfb !nob mktb fn tnrnc shfb

rnujhfbs jb Ck!k fb =nh'åb Eru, koiujs cbrkfbrns fb ktuko fhstrhtb fn Kjiusturk n

tkc$èc fn &kjtb Kjt9jhb fb K"njturnhrb% enrtb un b !rhcnhrb ukrtnhråb, ebc @

mkcDohks, rn!rnsnjtk"k uc tnrrhtrhb enjtrkohzkfb jb ktuko $khrrb fk IrkckH b sniujfb,

ebc 2 mkcDohks, nstnjfhk*sn !nob tnrrhtrhb kb suo fb ktuko fhstrhtb*snfn n !krtn fbsfhstrhtbs fn /n$ks n <hkektu$kH jb tnrenhrb ukrtnhråb mbrkc ebjtk$hohzkfks 2 mkcDohks

rnshfnjtns jk ckrinc fhrnhtk fb rhb <bc$k, kD hjeouDfb b ktuko fhstrhtb fn 0hstk Konirn n

nstnjfnjfb*sn ktè, k!rb(hckfkcnjtn, k ktuko !krtn $kh(k fk ruk /hrkfnjtnsH n ks fnckhs

2N mkcDohks, nstk"kc fnjtrb fbs ohchtns fb A ukrtnhråb, un k$rkjihk b ktuko fhstrhtb fn

\h$nhrb Gujunhrk, !krtn fn Okrkj'ko, \nernhb n <kock, K$kD$k, <rb"hf-jehk n fh"hsk"k

ebc b 3A n 2A ukrtnhrþns%

+c 3:2 ') nrkc 32 ks mkcDohks fb fhstrhtb fn &åb &n$ksthåb fb =nh'åb Eru% Cuhtksfnoks, ebjsthtuDfks !br mho`bs fbs !rhcnhrbs cbrkfbrns un njtåb ') sn njebjtrk"kc

ekskfbs%

k !krthr fnstn cbcnjtb un ebcnékcbs k b$snr"kr k !rb")"no n(hst-jehk fn cbrkfhks

fnjtrb fb tnrrhtrhb un mbh fbkfb !krk ebjsthtuhr b !ktrhc9jhb fn &åb &n$ksthåb, nc$brk

khjfk snc k fnjbchjkéåb fbs obirkfburbs n(hstnjtns%

+c 3:N3 k !b!uokéåb fb =nh'åb Eru kthjihk uc j#cnrb shijhmhekth"kcnjtn ckhbr%

1s %3@3 cbrkfbrns fn 3:2, `k"hkc sn trkjsmbrckfb nc uksn %LLL `k$htkjtns, fn uckrrkhko kibrk non"kfb 6 ebjfhéåb fn =rniunshk%

E`nikcbs mhjkocnjtn k 3:N ebc k rnkohzkéåb fb sbj`b fn koiujs kjthibs !b"bkfbrns

fn jåb ckhs mhekrcbs jk fn!njf-jehk fn .kr$kenjk, \hb <bc$k, &åb Gbåb Jn!bcuenjb

bu Ckr fn +s!kj`k, ks kjtnrhbrns snfns kfchjhstrkth"ks k un sn su$brfhjbu b krrkhko n

fhstrhtb% +c k$rho fn 3:N mbh !rbcuoikfk k Onh n, nc 'kjnhrb fn 3:NN, nrk hjstkokfk k

e;ckrk cujheh!ko fk ehfkfn n "hok Onb!bofhjk%

Kuh "kon b rnihstrb fn un, kjkohskjfb*sn b !kjbrkck fk rnihåb jk è!bek, Onb!bofhjk mbh

hjstkokfk nc tnc!b cuhtb eurtb% 1 un, koh)s, 'usthmhek k kus-jehk fn !rèfhbs nc

3N




ebjfhéþns fn k$rhikr bs snr"hébs un !ksskrkc k n(hsthr% Ehfkfns "hzhj`ks on"krkc cuhtb

ckhs fb un bs jb"n cnsns un bs cbrkfbrns fn Onb!bofhjk ikstkrkc !krk kfnukr*sn

6 rnen!éåb fbs riåbs cujheh!khs%

/ufb jbs on"k k ernr, !br butrb okfb, un nstn mbh b cbcnjtb fk k$nrturk fbs

!rhcnhrbs obirkfburbs !#$ohebs fk ehfkfn%

\nmnr-jehks ns!krsks, khjfk snc b euhfkfb fn hfnjthmhekr kfnukfkcnjtn ekfk ruk, fåb

ebjtk fn un k ruk 4hrnhtk `k"hk shfb kokrikfk !krk bs 2L !kocbs fn okriurk, ebjmbrcn

fntnrchjkéåb fks <bsturks Cujheh!khs hc!okjtkfks obib k!s k hjstkokéåb fk E;ckrk

Cujheh!ko%

?ck eurhbshfkfn% Fhstbrhekcnjtn sk$n*sn un uksn tbfks ks !b"bkéþns !brtuiunsks

ebcnék"kc ebc uck ruk k un fnjbchjk"kc 4hrnhtk n un snr"hk fn kenssb kbs krrkhkhs

rneèc*mbrckfbs% Ebcb n(nc!obs, jb .rksho, tncbs nc &åb <kuob k ruk 4hrnhtk, un fk"kkenssb 6 hirn'k fn &kjtb Kjt9jhb n, jb \hb fn Gkjnhrb, k un ohik"k b cbrrb fb Ekstnob kb

cbrrb fn &åb .njtb% <br shchohtufn ebc bs `)$htbs ebobjhkhs, !bfncbs ebjshfnrkr un k

ruk 4hrnhtk, nc Onb!bofhjk, mbh k !rhcnhrk k snr k$nrtk !krk tr;jshtb !#$oheb n ohik"k k Eksk

fb Eurk 6 hirn'k fn &åb &n$ksthåb%

enrtb un ktè 3:@ nok khjfk sn e`kck"k ruk 4hrnhtk n, nc 3::L, ') `k"hk

rnen$hfb k fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk <rhcnhrb fn Ckréb, ebjmbrcn fbeucnjtbs fk E;ckrk

Cujheh!ko fn Onb!bofhjk rn!nthjfb, !brtkjtb, k cnsck cufkjék bebrrhfk jb \hb fnGkjnhrb, nc 3:@N, bjfn k ruk 4hrnhtk rnen$nu k jb"k fnjbchjkéåb `bcninkjfb k

$ktko`k fn Kuhfk$å un !9s mhc 6 Iunrrk fb <krkiukh%

Kernfhtkcbs, tkc$èc, un è fnssk cnsck è!bek k k$nrturk fk ruk Cujheh!ko, `b'n ruk

Ebtnih!n% 5stb !brun, sniujfb sn fn!rnnjfn fn uck ktk fn 'uo`b fn 3:@, k ohikéåb

njtrn k ruk 4hrnhtk n k Cujheh!ko, thj`k shfb k$nrtk rnenjtncnjtn% 1u sn'k, sniuhjfb !nok

ktuko ruk Ik$rhno fn Kocnhfk Ckiko`åns nc fhrnéåb 6 Ebtnih!n, n(hsthk k!njks uc

ekchj`b un fnckjfk"k b cbrrb fk Cktrhz% /kc$èc jåb n(hstn f#"hfk ukjtb kb mktb fnun k ktuko ruk Oueks Kuiustb mbh k$nrtk njtrn ks fèekfks fn NL n ML fbs bhtbenjtbs n s

jb mhjko fk fèekfk fn @L fb cnscb sèeuob mnz*sn k ohikéåb fnok ebc k njtåb ruk

Cujheh!ko%

Khjfk sb$rn nstns !rhcnhrbs obirkfburbs, rnihstrn*sn un b oh"rb fn ktks fk E;ckrk,

fn jA @, 6s mos% *"nrsb, ebc k fktk fn 3L%L%3::L, k!bjtk k ‟ebjvnjhnjehk fn snrnc

jucnrkfks ks eksks f‘nstk Ehfkfn, lnc ebcb bs okcphþns1 n fkr jbvks fnjbchjkéþns

ks ruks, n pkrk nssn mhc qun sngk jbcnkfk ùk ebcchssåb fb snhb f‘nstk Ekckrk qun sn

hjeuclk f‘nssn trklko`b, pnfhjfb-sn kbs prbprhntkrhbs pkrk ekfk uc mksnr k jucnrkéåb

3M




qun o`n pnrtnjenr % =bh k!rb"kfk n jbcnkfbs !krk cnc$rbs fk Ebcchssåb bs

0nrnkfbrns Ck'br .btno`b =koeåb n /`nbfbrb Ekrjnhrb%7

Ebcb sn fn!rnnjfn fnssn rnihstrb, mbh k !krthr fn 3::L, cnhb sèeuob fn!bhs fb

hjDehb fb !b"bkfb, un bebrrnu, fn mktb, k fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko fbs !rhcnhrbs obirkfburbs

fk ehfkfn%

+ è fnjtrb fnstn sèeuob un sn!krk bs trk$ko`bs fk ebchssåb mbrckfk !nob Ck'br .btno`b

=koeåb n /`nbfbrb Ekrjnhrb fks onhs "btkfks !br jbssbs ktukhs "nrnkfbrns, un

!rntnjfncbs fns"njfkr n ebjtkr uc !bueb fk `hstrhk fn Jbssks \uks n Jbssk Injtn%

3@




Tokjb rlkjãstheb

<nob un sn b$snr"k jbs oh"rbs fn Ktks fk E;ckrk fn Onb!bofhjk, njtrn 3:@M n

3::3 n(hsthk uck ns!èehn fn onh fn usb fb sbob fk ehfkfn ehtkfk jbs oh"rbs shc!onscnjtn

ebcb <bsturks Cujheh!khs un !rn"hk k ebjenssåb fn tnrrks k unc jnoks uhsnssn

nfhmhekr, sb$ enrtks ebjfhéþns% Ksshc, ks tnrrks fk )rnk ur$kjk n un !nrtnjehkc 6

cujheh!kohfkfn, jåb nrkc "njfhfks% 1 rnunrnjtn !kik"k k!njks b fhrnhtb fn usb njtåb

e`kckfb fn 8ebcchssb7 n un ebrrns!bjfnrhk kb okuf-chb khjfk `b'n eb$rkfb nc

fh"nrsks ehfkfns $rkshonhrks%

K 3@%L%3::L, ebjmbrcn oh"rb @ mos 2N "nrsb, b "nrnkfbr E`kiks Ob$ktb !rb!þn un

b =hseko !rb"hfnjehn !krk un sn skh$k ukhs bs tnrrnjbs ebjenfhfbs k !krtheuokrns !krk

nfhmhekéåb jåb rnen$nrkc khjfk jnjùck ebjstruéåb n un sn'kc tbfbs hjthckfbs k

euc!rhr b kebrfb fn enssåb jb !rkzb fn snhs cnsns, mhjfb bs ukhs bs tnrrnjbs !bfnråb

snr ebjenfhfbs k butrbs un bs rnunrnrnc% K !rb!bstk mbh k!rb"kfk n mbh fnehfhfb un

snrhk !u$ohekfk !br nfhtkhs%

+jtrn butrks, njebjtrkcbs rnmnr-jehks k tkhs ebjenssþns jk ruk fb .urkeb, ruk fb

\bs)rhb, Fkrcbjhk, Ebjerfhk n juc obeko un kernfhtkcbs snr ks /k$buhj`ks% 1 un

jbs on"k k ebjeouhr un nc tbfk k ehfkfn, bu cno`br, jk )rnk !nrtnjenjtn 6

cujheh!kohfkfn, ks !rhcnhrks ebjstruéþns ur$kjks mbrkc mnhtks nc tnrrnjbs enfhfbs, snc

fhrnhtb fn !bssn% +, !br sncno`kjék ebc uc !rbenssb ebrrhfb ebjtrk uc $njnmhehkfb fb

Krrkhko fb \hb <krfb Krihrhtk, su!bcbs un b 8ko"kr)7 mbssn rnjb"kfb k ekfk tr-s kjbs%

1$snr"kcbs tkc$èc un !krtn fbs tnrrnjbs fk cujheh!kohfkfn nrkc brhujfbs fn

uck fbkéåb mnhtk !br Gbåb Iuko$nrtb =nrrnhrk .rhtb, fn suk !rb!rhnfkfn jk mkznjfk fk

Irkck, n un "hnrkc 'ujtkr*sn 6s fbkéþns fn snu !kh, Gbkuhc =nrrnhrk .rhtb%

Jb hjDehb fb !b"bkcnjtb, bu sn'k, jb surihcnjtb fb krrkhko fb =nh'åb Eru, k

obekohzkéåb fks cbrkfhks sn fk"k ktrk"ès fk hjfhekéåb fn "hzhj`kjék% Ksshc è un

fnseb$rhcbs, !nok kj)ohsn fn Ck!ks fn <b!uokéåb n fb \nihstrb fn /nrrks, un k )rnk

!bstnrhbrcnjtn ur$kjhzkfk nrk beu!kfk !br

3% Ko"krb Eksnchrb =bjsnek ekskfb ebc /nrnsk E;jfhfk, un cbrk"k jk mkznjfk fk

Irkck, !nrtnjenjtn kb snu !kh .nrjkrfb Gbsè fk =bjsnekH

% Kjk =rkjehsek, rnshfhk !r(hcb 6 mkznjfk <hrhjnusH

2% Kjk Ckrhk, sbotnhrk, jåb ckhs rnshfnjtn jb krrkhko nc 3:2H

% Kjk \bsk, rnshfhk !r(hcb 6 mkznjfk <hrhjnusH

3:




N% Kjtbjhb Ko$hjb On"kssnur, cbrk"k nc uck e`)ekrk un fh"hsk"k ebc k mkznjfk

4nsnjikjbH

M% Kjt9jhb .nrjkrfhjb Cke`kfb ekskfb ebc Gbkuhjk, "hzhj`b fk mkznjfk Eke`bnhrkH

@% Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs ekskfb ebc Ckrhk Ebjstkjék fn Gnsus, cbrk"k jk

mkznjfk =nh'åb Eru !nunjb fn snu !kh Ckjbno Kjt9jhb fn KocnhfkH

:% Kjtbjhb =nrrnhrk <hj`nhrb ekskfb ebc Ekchok, "h"hk nc uck !rb!rhnfkfn jb

errnib &kjtk .)r$krkH

% Kjtbjhb \bfrhiuns Ibcns ekskfb ebc \htk +scèrhk fn Kocnhfk, cbrbu jk fh"hsk

fk mkznjfk fn snu sbirb, Ckjbno Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk n jb obeko e`kckfb errnib

fb Cbhj`b mbrcbu k mkznjfk Biuks 0nrtnjtnsH

3L%.njtb Gbsè ekskfb ebc =rkjehsek ?c$nohjk, tkc$èc khjfk jåb hfnjthmhekfbsH

33% .nrjkrfhjb Gbsè Cke`kfb, mbrcbu k mkznjfk fk 1jékH3%.nrjkrfb Gbsè fk =bjsnek ekskfb ebc Kjk fn &buzk, mbrckfbrns fk mkznjfk fk

IrkckH

32%Enonsthjb Kuiustb fn Ksshs , sbotnhrb, jåb ckhs rnshfnjtn jb krrkhko nc 3:NH

3%4bchjibs 4hks /bstns ekskfb ebc +cnrnjehkjk, mbrcbu k mkznjfk fk .krrk un

fh"hsk"k ebc k Eke`bnhrk n k fb =nh'åb Eru <nunjbH

3N%=rkjehseb .nrjkrfhjb Cke`kfb bu fn Kocnhfk ekskfb ebc Ckrhk E;jfhfk fk

Iorhk, mbrcbu mkznjfk jb obeko ebj`nehfb ebcb Ehreuhtb, jks hcnfhkéþns fbOhcbnhrbH

3M%=rkjehseb \bfrhiuns /noons ekskfb ebc Guohkjk Ckrhk, nj"hu"bu n eksbu*sn ebc

0he-jehk, tnjfb sn cufkfb !krk ks hcnfhkéþns fb ktuko fhstrhtb fn <rb"hf-jehkH

3@%=rkjehseb Tk"hnr ekskfb ebc Kjk Ckrhk, tkc$èc skDrkc fb krrkhko kjtns fn 3:2H

3:%5j)ehb =nrrnhrk fn Okenrfk, mbh !rb"k"nocnjtn b !rhcnhrb beu!kjtn fb tnrrnjb

fbkfb !br Gbkuhc =nrrnhrk .rhtb !krk k ebjstruéåb fk 8eksk fb eurk7H

3%Gbåb =nrrnhrk fk &ho"k ekskfb ebc Ckrhk fb Ekrcb Cbjtnhrb fn .krrbs,mbrckfbrns fk mkznjfk 4nsnjikjbH

L%Gbåb Iuko$nrtb =nrrnhrk .rhtb, mbrckfbr fk mkznjfk =brtkonzkH

3%Gbåb 5fns fn Jkzkrnt` ekskfb ebc Ckrhk +cnrnjehkjk fn &kjtkjk, rnshfhk jks

!rb(hchfkfns fb ktuko $khrrb Krtur OnåbH

%Gbåb \bfrhiuns =nrrnhrk .rhtb ekskfb ebc Cnsshks +scèrhk fn Kocnhfk, cbrk"k

jk fh"hsk fk mkznjfk fn snu sbirb, Ckjbno Kjt9jhb fn KocnhfkH

2%Gbkuhc Ekntkjb, jåb ckhs rnshfhk jb krrkhko nc 3:2H

3




%Gbkuhc Ekrobs Jbiunhrk ekskfb ebc Gbkjk \bsk, cufbu*sn fb krrkhko !br "botk

fn 3:LH

N%Gbkuhc =nrrnhrk .rhtb ekskfb ebc Gbkjk Ckrhk fn Ckenfb, fbkfbr fb !ktrhc9jhb

fn &åb &n$ksthåb, mbrckfbr fk mkznjfk fk Eke`bnhrkH

M%Gbkuhc Cke`kfb Jntb ekskfb ebc Kjk /nrnzk, trkjsmnrhu*sn !krk b Ekc!b

Ohc!b, bjfn mbrcbu mkznjfk jks ek$nenhrks fb rh$nhråb fb .kirnH

@%Gbsè .nrjkrfhjb Cke`kfb ekskfb ebc Ckrhk Kjt9jhk fb Jksehcnjtb, thj`k ebcb

"hzhj`bs b Ohcbnhrb, k mkznjfk fk Eke`bnhrk n k fb =nh'åb Eru !nunjbH

:%Gbsè =nrrnhrk fn Ckenfb eksbu*sn ebc Kjk Ekrbohjk !br "botk fn 3:2:% +rk mho`b

fn Gbkuhc =nrrnhrk .rhtb n cbrk"k jk mkznjfk fn snu !kh, k Eke`bnhrkH

%Gbsè 5ijkehb fn /bonfb Ko"ns ekskfb ebc \htk =okushjk, cufbu*sn fb krrkhko njtrn

3:2 n 3:NH2L%Gbsè Gbkuhc Ebrfnhrb ekskfb ebc =obrhjfk fn Gnsus, cufbu*sn !br "botk fn 3:L

!krk b Ekc!b Ohc!bH

23%Ckjbno Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk ekskfb ebc \htk +scèrhk fn Gnsus, mbrcbu k mkznjfk

=nh'åb Eru !nunjbH

2%Ckjbno fn &buzk, ekskfb ebc Ckrhk \bsk, mkcDohk khjfk jåb hfnjthmhekfkH

22%Ckjbno \bfrhiuns fk &ho"k ekskfb ebc Kjk .nrjkrfhjk, mbrckfbr fk mkznjfk fbs

<hrhjnusH2%Ckrhk Kjièohek, sbotnhrk, !rntk mbrrk, rnshfhk !r(hcb fk mkznjfk 4nsnjikjbH

2N%Ckrhk Gbkuhjk, sbotnhrk, jåb ckhs rnshfnjtn jb krrkhko nc 3:2H

2M%Ckrhk Gbsè fk &ho"k, jåb ckhs rnshfnjtn jb krrkhko nc 3:2H

2@%Ckrhkjk \bfrhiuns, rnshfhk !r(hcb fk mkznjfk 4nsnjikjbH

2:%<brehkjk Ckrhk, sbotnhrk, jåb ckhs rnshfnjtn jb krrkhko nc 3:2H

2%[uhjthohkjb fn Ekr"ko`b, rnshfhk !r(hcb fk mkznjfk <hrhjnusH

L%0nj;jehb Gbsè ekskfb ebc Ckrhk /nbfbrk, butrb eksko jåb hfnjthmhekfb%Ebcb fhssncbs jb hjDehb, nstns !bfnc tnr shfb bs !rhcnhrbs !rb!rhnt)rhbs fn eksks

bjfn sn mbrcbu b krrkhko% + un rnen$nrkc jb"bs "hzhj`bs jk cnfhfk nc un k e;ckrk

cujheh!ko mnz k enssåb !rb"hsrhk fn tnrrnjbs !krk butrks nfhmhekéþns% 1 un mhebu

$kstkjtn eokrb jnstn nstufb è un jåb `bu"n "njfk fn tnrrks fk cujheh!kohfkfn, cks

beu!kéåb !br ebjtrktb%

L




Obirkfburbs Ktukhs

KLNOK\B !^!NU N CB\KHU" rukCkrhk Iuhckråns =rkjék Ohik k ruk \k!`kno 5njjkeb 6 ruk Ckrhk Ekstkj`nhrk%

Jksehfb jb fhk N fn fnznc$rb fn 3::: jk mkznjfk .bc 4nsthjb, nc <rb"hf-jehk,

mho`b fn Jnc-jehb Jujns \kcbs n 5sk$no Jujns fn Cbrkhs, kc$bs ns!kj`hs% =bh

ekmnheuotbr, !rbfutbr fn ké#ekr n eke`kék, koèc fn fnfhekr*sn 6 kirb!neu)rhk n 6

kirheuoturk fn su$shst-jehk% +jekchj`k"k !krk b 5jsthtub .utkjtå bs bmDfhbs un ek!turk"k

nc suks tnrrks, rnen$njfb fn "botk b sbrb kjthbmDfheb un non cnscb k!ohek"k ukjfb

jnenss)rhb% 4nfhebu*sn tkc$èc 6 `bcnb!kthk, fbkjfb cnfhekcnjtbs !krk ks !nssbks

ekrnjtns% =bh mhohkfb kb <\C, ktukjfb kb okfb fn Gkhrb &koikfb, +jèks =rkjék n \kjuomb

Cktbok% Eksbu*sn ebc Erhsthjk Ebno`b fk &ho"k% =konenu jb fhk : fn ckréb fn 3@%

KL#OHB $N\%!HCB" nsekfkrhkEnchtèrhb Ohik k ruk Ckjbno Gnr9jhcb 6 ruk =k'krfb, jk koturk fb jA % &uk

fnjbchjkéåb surihu bmhehkocnjtn ebc k onh jA 3:@, fn L%L:%::

K&Ë&HKU" ruk0kon fb &bo K onh jA 2233, fn 3%LN%LLL, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk fks Ke)ehks 6 "hk

!#$ohek fnstk ehfkfn un jb ck!k fb Obtnkcnjtb 0kon fb &bo njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk

ebcb ruk 8U7% /nc hjDehb jk ruk <bntk Kuiustb fbs Kj'bs n mhjfk jk ruk &nrihj`b fb

\beV% &nu jbcn mbh hjfhekfb !nobs !r!rhbs cbrkfbrns fk ruk%

K&Ë&HB UN\TK" rukEnjtrb Ebcnék jk ruk <rnshfnjtn Ekrobs Ouz n tnrchjk jk !rkék Gbsè <hrns, jb hjDehb

fb $khrrb .nok 0hstk% b kjthib onhtb fk nstrkfk fn mnrrb%

K onh jA ML2, fn L^L2^M@ nstk$nonen un 8mhek fnjbchjkfk ruk 8Ke)ehb &nr!k k "hk

!#$ohek jnstk ehfkfn, ebc!rnnjfhfk, fhib, ebc!rnnjfnjfb b kjthib onhtb fk ohj`k mèrrnk,hjhehkjfb jk ruk Eno% 1oh"hnr =k'krfb n tnrchjkjfb jk !rkék snc fnjbchjkéåb, jb $khrrb

.nok 0hstk, !r(hck fk "krhkjtn fk \hb*.kj`hk, nc ebjstruéåb%7

Ke)ehb &nr!k mbh nc!rns)rhb n ebcnrehkjtn jb rkcb fn kutbs, juck sbehnfkfn un

fnthj`k k rn!rnsnjtkéåb fk ckrek =brf n !bssuDk uck njbrcn bmhehjk obekohzkfk jk ruk

Gbsè <nrns%

3




KK^'B !N''B" rukGkrfhc .kjfnhrkjtns 5jhehk*sn jk ruk Gbåb Ckokuhks n mhjfk jk ruk 1ttb Okenrfk

=rkjék n snu jbcn surihu ebc k onh jA 3%2L2, fn LM%3L%@:% Jk !okjtk ekfkstrko $)shek fk

!rnmnhturk n jb ck!k !u$ohekfb nc LLL, nstk ruk k!krnen ebc b jbcn fn Kjtbjhb Jntb%

Kfkutb nrk rurkohstk fnstkekfb n !nssbk cuhtb rns!nhtkfk%

KË(HB TH\NU N KOCNHK" ruk.nok 0hstk Ebcnék jk ruk \b$nrtb 0hzkjh ]buji% &uk fnjbchjkéåb surihu ebc k onh jA

223, fn @%L:%3%

Kf)"hb fhrhihk uc nserhtrhb fn ebjtk$hohfkfn n !krtheh!bu fk "hfk !boDthek fk ehfkfn ebcb

"nrnkfbr, nc 3MM n ekjfhfktb k !rnmnhtb% Ekskfb ebc Ckrhk fk Ouz fb 0kon, mho`k fn

Gbåb \bfrhiuns fk &ho"k 0kon n 1fhohk 4utrk% +rk hrcåb fn /rk'kjb <hrns fn Kocnhfk

ekskfb ebc Ckrhk Kcèrhek fb 0kon, hrcå fn Ckrhk fk Ouz% \nshfhk jk ruk <rnshfnjtn

Ekrobs Ouz, !r(hcb 6 !rkék Ikck Enrunhrk%

K)B!UB 'NH*NH\K N CK'BU" ruk<b!uokr K onh jA 2%22, fn 3%3%LLL, f) fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk !#$ohek fnstk ehfkfn un,

jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk 8F7%

Kmbjsb nrk cbtbrhstk fb 4J+\, jksenu nc &åb 4bchjibs k 3@%3L%32 n mbh

ekskfb ebc EneDohk Ibjéko"ns fn Cktbs% =konenu nc @%L:%3@% &nu mho`b <kuob KmbjsbIbjéko"ns fn Cktbs è, tkc$èc, jbcn fn ruk fk ehfkfn%

K+!NOOB &B\\,K B LNC" ruk5c!nrkfbr Ohik k k"% fbs +(!nfhehbj)rhbs 6 rnsnr"k mobrnstko fb $khrrb 5c!nrkfbr%

&urihu ebc k onh jA 23:L, fn 3%3L% %

Kijnoob nrk rurkohstk% Kfuhrhu ks tnrrks fn Cbhsès 4bchjiuns, obekohzkfks jb $khrrb /r-s

Eruzns, bjfn cbrbu% +rk ekskfb ebc K!krnehfk &ho"k fb .nc%

K+BU'H!-B CN!N+-H'N" lneb[uhjtk \nshf-jehk * 5jhehk jk ruk Jbssk &nj`brk K!krnehfk n mhjfk jb $neb fb Kjt9jhb

Cnjni`htn n tn"n snu jbcn bmhehkohzkfb !nok onh jA 2M@, fn 32%33%3%

0nr mkcDohk nc &kjtb Cnjni`ntth%

K+BU'H!-B UHO(H!B 'NH*NH\K N \N.N!N" ruk/r-s Eruzns Ebcnék jks !rb(hchfkfns fk !rkék Kjtbjhb =nrrnhrk fn Kocnhfk%

K onh jA 23N, fn 2%L%, un f) jbcn k nstk "hk !#$ohek fhz snr nok k kjthik ruk 8O7 fb

$khrrb &åb Gbsè%




K+\HTH!K N^K\K &/ UHO(K" nsekfkrhk0hok Chrkofk =hek jk ruk E;jfhfb 0nobsb n ohik b $khrrb \nfnjtbr 6 "hok Chrkofk, jks

!rb(hchfkfns fk ruk Inrbjhcb fk &ho"k% &uk fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko surihu ebc k onh jA

%NM, fn LM%L:%@% Kirh!hjk nrk ekskfk ebc Gbåb E;jfhfb un, furkjtn cuhtbs kjbs, trk$ko`bu jk

ekr!hjtkrhk fk !rnmnhturk%

KOK! 4K\N&4" ruk[uhjtk \nshf-jehk Ohik k !rkék Gbåb .nook 6 .\*33M, jb trn"b !r(hcb kb $khrrb

+ofbrkfb% =bh k onh jA 3L3, fn L:%L:%@N, fb "nrnkfbr \b$nrtb 0hzkjh ]uji, cbfhmhekfk

!nok fn jA 3LM un o`n fnu b jbcn%

K fnjbchjkéåb fnstk ruk è uck `bcnjkinc kb !rbmnssbr mrkje-s 4njhzkrf

Fh!boYtn*Oèbj \h"kho un kfbtbu nstn jbcn jbs trk$ko`bs rnokth"bs 6 ebfhmhekéåb ns!Drhtk,

!krk n"htkr un suk jbtbrhnfkfn fn nfuekfbr jk =rkjék n &uDék hjtnrmnrhssnc nc b$rk fn

jkturnzk tåb fh"nrsk% 1 !rbmnssbr 4njhzkrf jksenu nc Ohbj, =rkjék n fnfhebu bs #othcbs

kjbs fn suk "hfk 6 brikjhzkéåb fb nfhmDehb fbutrhj)rhb fb +s!hrhthscb% =ujfbu, nc

L3%L%3:N:, k &behnfkfn <krhshnjsn fn +stufbs +s!Drhtks, k !rhcnhrk rniuokrcnjtn

ebjsthtuDfk jk =rkjék% +sern"nu ")rhbs oh"rbs sb$rn ns!hrhthscb% =konenu nc <krhs k

23%L2%3:M, ebc MN kjbs%

KOLN\'B !^!NU N CB\KNU" rukCkrhk Iuhckråns =rkjék Ohik k ruk \k!`kno 5njjkeb 6 ruk Ckrhk Ekstkj`nhrk% &uk

fnshijkéåb surihu ebc k onh jA 332, fn LM%L:%@M, un fhzhk nstkr obekohzkfk jb tnrrnjb

bjfn mbrkc ebjstruDfks ks eksks !b!uokrns fk E1FK. CI%

KO&N^ $^!;^NH\K )N\\K." ruk

.nok 0hstk Ohik k ruk Ckjbno Cbjtnhrb 6 5sckho B"hok% K onh jA ::, fn 3N%LN%3@2, f)

fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk Koenu Gujunhrk =nrrkz, 6 "hk !#$ohek un jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb

$khrrb .nok 0hstk nst) ebcb ruk P%

<rbenfnjtn fn <kssk [uktrb, CI, mbh ekskfb ebc Iuho`nrchjk /bcè Gujunhrk

ebc unc rnshfhk nc suk mkznjfk <kssk /nc!b, nc K$kD$k% +c Onb!bofhjk ebjstruhu

uck $nok eksk kb okfb fk rnshf-jehk fb 4r% 1rcnu Gujunhrk .btno`b, jk !rkék =èoh(

Ckrthjs% &uk ns!bsk nrk mho`k fn /bcè Gujunhrk n 4% 5rhk, rnshfnjtns nc mrnjtn kb iru!b

nsebokr .btno`b \nhs%

2




KON*K!\N UKOHC \N&-N" ruk5c!nrkfbr Ebcnék jk ruk \njktb Cbjtnhrb Gujunhrk n tnrchjk jk rnsnr"k mobrnstko fb

$khrrb% &nu jbcn surihu ebc k onh jA 23:@, fn 3%3L%%

Kon(kjfrn &kohc \ne`n mbh ebcnrehkjtn n trk$ko`bu jk kjthik /rkjs!brtkfbrk

Ebchss)rhb .kr$bsk% \nshfhu nc <rb"hf-jehk% K!s snu ekskcnjtb ebc Ckrhk Kssujéåbfn Ekstrb, "nhb !krk Onb!bofhjk n cbrbu jk !rkék fb \bs)rhb% <bstnrhbrcnjtn rnshfhu,

furkjtn koiuc tnc!b, jb \hb fn Gkjnhrb% 0botbu !krk Onb!bofhjk n kfuhrhu uck eksk jk

!krtn kotk fk ruk /hrkfnjtns, obeko bjfn `b'n n(hstn b !rèfhb fn rnshf-jehk fn snus

fnsenjfnjtns% 4n snu ekskcnjtb såb b mho`bs Fnonjk Ckrhk fn Ekstrb \ne`n, ekskfk

ebc Gbsè Ekrobs \bfrhiuns EnrunhrkH &9jhk \nihjk fn Ekstrb \ne`n, ekskfk ebc

Kjtbjhb Ekrobs Ohck 5njkebH Gbsè Kjfnrsbj fn Ekstrb \ne`n, ekskfb ebc Ckrhk 5j-s

Ko"hcH n, Kon(kjfrn Kjtbjhb fn Ekstrb \ne`n, ekskfb ebc Gkjn PnrjneV Okfnhrk% Kon(kjfrn &kohc \ne`n, mkonehfb L%3%32, nrk jntb fb oh$kj-s Gbåb Gbsè \ne`n

n $hsjntb fn &kohc Gbåb \ne`n n Fnonjk &`k$n%

KO)\NB CK\'H!U" lneb[uhjtk \nshf-jehk Ebcnék jk ruk Kjtbjhb =nrjkjfns 0konjthc njtrn bs jA 3N n , n

"kh tnrchjkr nc tnrrnjb fn Gbrin K$råb &kouc% &uk fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko surihu ebc k onh

jA 3L, fn L%L:%::%

KOH&N \B\H+^NU (KON!'HC" rukGkrfhc .nok 0hstk * Ktè njtåb hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk L:, tn"n k suk fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko k

!krthr fk onh jA 2%2LL, fn 3%L%LLL% /nc snu hjDehb jk k"% fbs +(!nfhehbj)rhb n mhjfk jk

ruk Kjfnrsbj <nrnhrk .nok%

Kohen nrk ekskfk ebc 1ttb 0konjthc n cån, fnjtrn butrbs, fb n(*"nrnkfbr Phosbj

Gbsè 0konjthc, tkc$èc `bcnjkinkfb ebc jbcn fn ruk fk ehfkfn%

KOH!N CB!'NH\B +BCNU" ruk4bjk +uzè$hk * 0hk !#$ohek un jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb njebjtrk"k*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb

ruk 8=7 n rnen$nu snu jbcn ktuko !nok onh jA 2%23, fn M%3%LL3%

/hk Kohjn ckjthj`k uc 'krfhc fn hjm;jehk nc suk eksk, jk ruk Eustfhb Gujunhrk,

nc mrnjtn 6 kjthik mkrc)ehk Ckrhko"k, jks !rb(hchfkfns fb ktuko rnstkurkjtn E`nhrb

0nrfn%

KO#THB KUU^!<5B" 6rkék<hrhjnus k !rkék !rhjeh!ko fb $khrrb%




1 jbcn fnssk !rkék mbh fkfb !nok onh jA N@3, fn 2L%L@%3MN, un fhz !ksskr k

fnjbchjkr*sn 8KoD!hb Kssujéåb, k !rkék n(hstnjtn jb kotb fbs <hrhjnus, bjfn sn ke`k

hjstkokfb uc e`kmkrhz%7

&niujfb ebjstk, KoD!hb nrk ekoentnhrb fk !rnmnhturk%

KOBHUHB UBK\NU )K$K\B" rukJb"k Onb!bofhjk uck fks !krkonoks 6 r% 5sckho B"hok jk uko hjhehk n mhjfk jk ruk

&Do"hb 0hth% &uk fnjbchjkéåb surihu ebc k onh jA NN3, fn 3%3L%2%

Kobhshb nrk $kje)rhb n ebok$brkfbr mrnXnjtn fk Ikzntk fn Onb!bofhjk% 5fnkohzbu n

mujfbu, 'ujtb ebc 1ofnckr Cbjtnjkrh, k &b!k fk =rktnrjhfkfn jb Enjtrb +s!Drhtk Kcbr

kb <r(hcb%

Jksehfb jb fhk N fn kibstb fn 33, nc Onb!bofhjk, nrk mho`b fn Gbkuhc Fbjrhb=k'krfb n Ckrhj`k &bkrns% &nus k"s !ktnrjbs, Gbkuhc =k'krfb fn Cnob Ekc!bs n

Iuho nrchjk .ko$hjk, !nrtnjehkc k trkfhehbjkhs mkcDohks fn <hkektu$k% &nus k"s

cktnrjbs mbrkc Kjtnjbr fn &buzk &bkrns n \bsk Kc)ohk% Eksbu*sn ebc Ckrhk Kssujéåb,

ebc unc tn"n bs mho`b Gbsè Kjt9jhb, 5rkj, Ckrhk fn =)thck, Kobhshb n Krk!ukj% =konenu

nc Guhz fn =brk jb fhk N fn 'uj`b fn 3L%

KOB!UB !B+^NH\K" ruk

Gbkuhc =urtkfb <hjtb K onh jA 3%@N2, fn L%L:%:N, fb "nrnkfbr 4kreY Ouhz

0ksebjenobs \nsnjfn fnu jbcn 6 ruk un sn hjhehk jk k"njhfk /kjernfb Jn"ns n mhjfk

jk ruk Phosbj 0konjthc%

Kobjsb Jbiunhrk jksenu jb fhstrhtb fn \h$nhrb Gujunhrk k 2L%L%3: n mkonenu k

M%LN%3@@% +rk ekskfb ebc Ckrhntk <bYkrns Jbiunhrk% =bh kirb!neukrhstk n "nrnkfbr

!br snu fhstrhtb jktko% =hebu !b!uokrcnjtn ebj`nehfb ebcb /bcè Jbiunhrk%

KO'NCH\B K^+Û'B \B\H+^NU" ruk0hok Chrkofk /nc snu hjDehb jk k"% Ckrne`ko Fuc$nrtb fn Konjekr Ekstnob .rkjeb n

mhjfk jk ebjmou-jehk fks ruks Inr9jhcb fk &ho"k n E;jfhfb 0nobsb% &uk fnjbchjkéåb

bmhehko bebrrnu ebc k onh jA 3%L, fn LN%L:%@@%

&niujfb ebjstk, Kotnchrb tnrhk ebjstruDfb ks : !rhcnhrks eksks fk 0hok Chrkofk%

+rk mho`b fn <kuohjb Kuiustb \bfrhiuns, tkc$èc jbcn fn ruk n, fn ?c$nohjk E;jfhfk

\bfrhiuns% Jksenu nc L2%L%3: n mkonenu nc @%L%3@N%

0nr, tkc$èc, Chrkofk, "hok, Jnstbr Kuiustb \bfrhiuns n <kuob Kuiustb \bfrhiuns%

N




ËO(K\B LKU'BU )K\HK )\NH\N" rukIrkck Ebcnék jk ruk Ckjbno Ob$ktb, 'ujtb 6 !rkék <rbmnssbr Wjinob%

K onh jA 2:, fn 3@%3L%3@2, fhz un 8mhek fnjbchjkfk ruk Bo"krb .kstbs =rnhrn, k

"hk !#$ohek un !krthjfb fk !rkék <rbm% Wjinob "kh ktè b errnib =nh'åb Eru%7

Bo"krb nrk hrcåb fn 4ur"ko .kstbs, tkc$èc `bcnjkinkfb nc obirkfburb% +rk mho`bfn &neujfhjb fn Cktbs =rnhrn n fn Kjk .kstbs% Jksenu nc &åb Oburnjéb, mbh ekskfb

ebc Gkju)rhk Jbiunhrk ebc unc tn"n !nob cnjbs uc mho`b fn jbcn Kjtbjhb .kstbs

=rnhrn%

Koèc fn 4ur"ko n Bo"krb, &neujfhjb fn Cktbs =rnhrn n Kjk .kstbs mbrkc !khs

tkc$èc fn +tno"hjk =rnhrn, mkonehfk nc Onb!bofhjk k 3N mn"nrnhrb 3L nc Onb!bofhjkH

+"nrkofb fn .kstbs =rnhrnH n, Quochrk fn .kstbs =rnhrn, jksehfk !br "botk fn 3:: n

ekskfk k %33%3L, nc Onb!bofhjk, ebc 0henjtn Krk#'b fn Cnob%<nob okfb cktnrjb Bo"krb .kstbs =krhk =rnhrn fnsenjfhk fn =rkjehseb .krrntb =krhk

n Cnob, mkonehfb nc Onb!bofhjk k 3L 'uo`b 3L:%

0nr 4ur"ko .kstbs n Gbjks .kstbs%

ËO(K\B LB'NO-B $^!;^NH\K" B^'B\" ruk=)thck Ebcnék jk ruk 1!tktb Okenrfk =rkjék%

K onh jA :2, fn 3N%LN%3@2, 8f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk Bo"krb .btno`b Gujunhrk 6 "hk

!#$ohek un ebcnék nc ruk snc fnjbchjkéåb n tnrchjk 'ujtb kb tnrrnjb fn JkYobr

FkronY \nsnjfn 4bchjiuns, jb .khrrb fn =)thck%7

4r% Bo"krb jksenu jb \hb fn Gkjnhrb, nc %3%3LN n trkjsmnrhu*sn !krk Onb!bofhjk nc

3:% =konenu jb \hb fn Gkjnhrb nc M%L:%3M% =bh mkznjfnhrb n cèfheb cuhtb

ebjenhtukfb jk ehfkfn%

ËO(K\B B KCK\KO" rukGkrfhc .nok 0hstk /nc snu hjDehb jk ruk Gbåb Cnjni`htn n mhjfk jk ruk Kjfnrsbj

<nrnhrk .nok% K onh jA 2%23N, fn 2L%3L%LLL, o`n fnu nstk fnjbchjkéåb%

Bo"krb jksenu jb fhk N fn fnznc$rb fn 33 nc <hrk!nthjik, mho`b fn Komrnfb

Kcèrheb fb Kckrko n Gbkjk Ikck n mkonenu nc Onb!bofhjk k @ fn k$rho fn 3:3% =bh

ekskfb ebc Ckrtk Ckrhkjk &kobcåb, ebc unc tn"n bs mho`bs Ckrhko"k, Gbkjhen n

Ckrhofk%

=krcke-utheb !r)theb ebc rnihstrb jb \hb fn Gkjnhrb, n(nrenu k !rbmhssåb furkjtn

L kjbs, k ckhbr !krtn fnstn tnc!b nc Onb!bofhjk% 5jhehkocnjtn trk$ko`bu nc Okrkj'ko%

Jkunok è!bek ktuk"k n"njtukocnjtn ebcb b$stntrk, snc!rn un `k"hk jnensshfkfn%

M




KO.H\B N K.N(NB &K\(KO-B" T\B)NUUB\" ruk5c!nrkfbr Ebcnék jk ruk Kijnoob Ebrr-k fb .nc% &uk fnjbchjkéåb bebrrnu ebc k

onh jA 23:, fn 3%3L%%

<rbmnssbr Kozhrb jksenu nc mn"nrnhrb fn 33L, jk 0hok fn &åb Chiuno IukéuD,

+s!Drhtb &kjtb, mho`b fn Ckjbno 1oni)rhb fn Ekr"ko`b n \htk fn Kzn"nfb% =nz b eursb!rhc)rhb nc IukéuD n b hjDehb fb eursb ihjkshko jk ehfkfn fn Konirn, +&% <bstnrhbrcnjtn

nstufbu jb Eboèihb &åb Gbkuhc nc Obrnjk, &<, ebjeouhjfb b ihjkshko% 1 eursb

Ebcnrehko mbh mnhtb jb Ihj)shb Onb!bofhjnjsn, !krk bjfn trkjsmnrhu*sn nc 3M% +c 32L

"botbu !krk b nstkfb jktko, onehbjkjfb nc Eke`bnhrb fn 5tk!nchrhc% \ntbrjk

fnmhjhth"kcnjtn !krk Onb!bofhjk jb kjb sniuhjtn, k ebj"htn fb !rbmnssbr Ekrohjfb

CkYrhjeV, tnjfb n(nrehfb ks mujéþns fn njmnrcnhrb, e`nmn fn fhseh!ohjk, !rbmnssbr, "hen*

fhrntbr n fhrntbr, snc!rn fb Ihj)shb%+c 32 mujfbu k Ohik +s!brth"k fb Eboèihb Onb!bofhjnjsn Ihj)shb% +c 3M

fnh(bu b ckihstèrhb n obib fn!bhs hjirnssbu jk !boDthek, tnjfb shfb uc fbs mujfkfbrns fb

fhrntrhb cujheh!ko fb <krthfb /rk$ko`hstk .rkshonhrb </.% =bh "nrnkfbr !br : kjbs n "hen*

!rnmnhtb nc uck onihsokturk%

4n suk ktukéåb !boDthek såb rnmnr-jehks ks eksks !b!uokrns jbs <hrhjnus, b kjthib

&K<& Eb$ko, k ki-jehk fb 5K<5 fn!bhs 5J<&, k erhkéåb fb &KC4? n k hjstkokéåb fk

rnshf-jehk fb 4J1&% +c 3M kmkstbu*sn fk !boDthek !krthf)rhk !krk fnfhekr*sn 6

kth"hfkfn nc!rnskrhko% =bh !rb!rhnt)rhb fk Biuk Chjnrko /`n$kjk, uc fbs mujfkfbrns fk

Kssbehkéåb Ebcnrehko fn Onb!bofhjk, ebcnrehkjtn "krn'hstk n rn!rnsnjtkjtn fk

Ebc!kj`hk Kjt)rethek <kuohstk jk ehfkfn%

=bh ekskfb ebc Kjhtk 5njjkeb, jksehfk jb fhk fn ckhb fn 33M nc Onb!bofhjk,

CI, mho`k fn Obrnjzb 5njjkeb, tkc$èc jbcn fn obirkfburb jk ehfkfn% 4n snus mho`bs

Kronjn, Kronjhen n Kozhrhj`b, såb bs jntbs Kjtbjnook, \bfbo!`b Kmmbjsb, Kjk =o)"hk, Gbsè

0henjtn, /`hkib, Kjjk n Kozhrb Jntb, $nc ebcb bs $hsjntbs G#ohk, 0hjDehus, Oueek, +rjnstb

n Fnonjk%

=konenu nc Onb!bofhjk kbs :M kjbs, jb fhk 3M fn kibstb fn 3M%

KCK!K )B!UN&K" ruk=)thck Ebcnék jk ruk =krcke-utheb 4ur"ko .kstbs n mhjfk !r(hcb kb errnib =nh'åb

Eru% =bh erhkfk !nok onh jA 2%L:, fn %3L%:%

Kckjfk, jkturko fn /n$ks, nrk ekskfk ebc +fcujfb Ebstk, tkc$èc

`bcnjkinkfb nc obirkfburb%

@




KC>\H&B ^'\K CNH!K" ruk=)thck Ohik k ruk +reDohk Iuhckråns 6 ruk Injtho <ke`neb fn Cnob% K onh jA M, fn

3:%3L%L, un fnu k ktuko fnjbchjkéåb, fhz un nok !krtn fk ruk =krcke-utheb 4ur"ko

.kstbs n "kh tnrchjkr jk ruk Injtho <ke`neb fn Cnob, ckrinkjfb ebc k Jb"kmkr%

KC>\H&B B/ \B&-K" lneb<hrhjnus +st) obekohzkfb jk ruk Eh!rhkjb <nrnhrk .khk%

&niujfb ebjstk, Kcèrheb nrk mho`b fn Ckjbno Kjtbjhb fk \be`k n Ckrhkjk +scèrhk fn

&åb Gbsè, jksehfb 3%3L%3:@2, nc <hkektu$k n mbh ekskfb koh cnscb ebc Inbrihjk

On$hst;jhk fn 1oh"nhrk k 3%3L%3:M%

K!K!HKU UN\K)HC" lneb

=)$rhek K onh jA 3%@, fn L:%L%:M, fn Jnohtb .kr$bsk \bfrhiuns, fnu jbcn k nstn$neb% /nc snu hjDehb jk k"% Int#ohb 0kriks, njtrn bs j#cnrbs : n n "kh tnrchjkr nc

tnrrnjbs fb obtnkcnjtb E`heb .kstbs%

Kjkjhks jksenu nc Onb!bofhjk jb kjb fn 3::N n mkonenu nc 3M% =bh ok"rkfbr n

mujehbj)rhb fk !rnmnhturk cujheh!ko% Eksbu*sn ebc Ckrhk +scèrhk%

K!N\UB! TN\NH\K LNOOK" rukGkrfhc .nok 0hstk /nc hjDehb jk ruk Inrkofb Ko"ns =nrrnhrk n mhjfk jk ruk <kehmheb

\be`k% &nu jbcn surihu ebc k onh jA 2%2LM, fn 3N%L%LLL%

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Onb!bofhjk k 3L fn kibstb fn 3::%

=brkc mho`bs fn Kjtbjhb n Fnjrhuntk * Komrnfb jksehfb nc Onb!bofhjk k butu$rb

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kibstb 3:M%

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chirbu !krk kunok ehfkfn%

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:




j#!ehks, ebc Kon(kjfrhjk Ckrkijk% K !rhcnhrk ns!bsk mkonenu !br "botk fn 3L: fnh(kjfb

M mho`bs% 4b sniujfb ekskcnjtb, nc 3M, !krnen jåb tnr `k"hfb fnsenjf-jehk%

+onhtbr nc Onb!bofhjk jb kjb fn 3:, Komrnfb nrk ok"rkfbr ebcb tbfbs bs snus

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Onb!bofhjk k 3 jb"nc$rb 33: nc ebjsnX-jehk fk irh!n ns!kj`bokH Gbsè <nrnhrk fk

.nook un sn eksbu ebc /`nbjhook Obc$k k 3: fn k$rho fn 33:H &n$ksthåb <nrnhrk fk

.nook, ekskfb ebc &kjthjk &nookjh, un chirbu !krk CurhkèH Qnohk, jksehfk nc sntnc$rb

fn 3LL n mkonehfk nc Onb!bofhjk jb c-s sniuhjtnH Intbchc <nrnhrk fn .nook,

`bcnjkinkfb ebc obirkfburb, ebjmbrcn "nr$ntn !r!rhbH n, Gbåb <nrnhrk fk .nook,

jksehfb !br "botk fn 3L:%

=!+NOK OBTNU N KOCNHK" ruk<b!uokr /nc snu hjDehb jk nstrkfk un f) kensb kb Fbrtb =obrnstko n mhjfk jk ruk

=rkjehseb Ouhz <nrnhrk% =bh erhkfk !nok onh jA 2%22:, fn 3%3%LLL%

K!+NONU N&-N(N\\HK" CK\N" 6rkékEnchtèrhb =hek jb mhjko fk ruk Ckjbno Gkju)rhb% &nu jbcn surihu ebc k onh jA M23, fn

2L%LM%, fb "nrnkfbr \bun &e`ntthjb%

=!+NOB &BOH" ruk<nfrb .rhtb Jnttb k kjthik ruk 8=7, ebc hjDehb jk ruk E n mhjko jk ruk Gbsè \bfrhiuns

PnrjneV% =bh erhkfk !nok onh jA 2%L:@, fn %3L%:%

Wjinob jksenu k 33%L%3L@ nc Enskrbob, mrkzhbjn fk ebcujn fn &kj Che`noon ko

/kiohkcnjtb, !rb"hjehk fn 0njnzhk, rnihåb fb 0njntb, 5tkohk% 1 jbcn brhihjko nrk Kjinob

Eboon n snus !khs mbrkc =rkjenseb Eboon n <hnrhjk Ikokssb% &nu !kh n snus hrcåbs &kjtk,

Ckrenohjk n \nihjk jksenrkc jk cnsck mrkzhbjn% &uk cån jksenu jk ebcujn fn

Okthskjk, !rb"hjehk fn ?fhjn, rnihåb =rhuoh 0njnzhk*Ihuohk, 5tkohk jb fhk fn 'uj`b fn

3:@2% K mkcDohk hjstkobu*sn jk Ebo9jhk Ebjstkjék nc 33L n koh jksenrkc bs hrcåbs ckhs

jb"bs fn Kjinob Kjt9jhb Gbsè nc 33N n =rkjehseb Gbåb nc 33:% Kjinob Eboon eksbu*

sn ebc Kjk &kjihrbokch ebc unc tn"n !nob cnjbs bs mho`bs Gbsè, Ckrhk, Ckrhjk n

Jnoshjk%

Kjinob Eboon mbh !rb!rhnt)rhb fn uc fbs obtns fk Ebo9jhk Ebjstkjék, kb uko

snc!rn sn fnfhebu%




=!+NOB" T\B)NUUB\" 6rkékIrkck k !rkék !rhjeh!ko fb $khrrb% Fb'n, uksn tbfk nok nst) tbckfk !nob Iru!b

+sebokr <rbmnssbr .btno`b \nhs Iru!b Jb"b% Jb !ksskfb mbh ebj`nehfk ebcb okrib fk

Irkck%

&b$rn nstk !rkék b 'brjko 1 Onb!bofhjnjsn, fn 3%LN%3:N, hjmbrck 8un bs

cbrkfbrns fb ouikr rneokckc fks b$rks fn k'krfhjkcnjtb fb okrib nc mrnjtn 6 5irn'hj`k%

4hznc un ks nsek"kéþns nståb !rb"bekjfb k rntnjéåb fks )iuks !ou"hkhs%7

K Ikzntk fn Onstn, fn 33%3L%3:L, fhz un b jbjb ukrtnhråb k$rkjihk k ruk

ek!htåb Gbåb Iuko$nrtb, okrib <rbmnssbr Wjinob n ruk fk .bk 0hstk ktè njebjtrkr k ruk

fks =obrns%7

.krrbsb G#jhbr fhz un b <rbmnssbr Wjinob nrk uc cnstrn fn"btkfb, un

nj"no`nenu hjstruhjfb bs onb!bofhjnjsns%

?c Kockjkun fn 3::@, un mkok sb$rn Onb!bofhjk, fhz un b <rbmnssbr Wjinob

Ob!ns fbs \nhs mbh b mujfkfbr fk ek!nok fk &bonfkfn ktuko 5irn'k fn &åb <nfrb n un b

cnscb 8n(nrenu b ckihstèrhb !#$oheb !br tkjtb tnc!b un e`nibu k tnr fhseD!uobs, jntbs

fn snus !rhcnhrbs fhseD!uobs%7

1 !rbmnssbr Wjinob Ob!ns fbs \nhs mbh jbcnkfb !rbmnssbr fn 8kuoks !#$oheks7 !krk

b sn(b ckseuohjb jb fhk fn sntnc$rb fn 3:M% =bh, !brtkjtb, b sniujfb !rbmnssbr fn

cnjhjbs nc Onb!bofhjk%

K!#.HB CNNH\BU )B!'NU" ruk/r-s Eruzns K fnjbchjkéåb fnstk ruk surihu ebc k onh jA 232, fn 2%L%%

K!'N!B\ \HLNH\B BU \NHU" ruk.nok 0hstk Ohik ks ruks Gbåb /nh(nhrk fn Cburk Iuhckråns n 1ofnckr Cbjtnjkrh% 1

jbcn fnstk ruk surihu ebc k onh jA :::, fn 3N%LN%3@2, un 8f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk

Kjtnjbr \h$nhrb fbs \nhs, 6 "hk !#$ohek un jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb .nok 0hstk

nst) ebcb ruk Q%

Kjtnjbr \nhs nrk mkznjfnhrb, hjfustrhko n mbh "nrnkfbr%

2L




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mhjko fk ruk =k'krfb, jks !rb(hchfkfns fb trn"b fn kenssb k Ektkiuksns% =bh erhkfk !nok

onh jA 3:M, fn L%L:%::%

K!'B!HB" UK!'B" lkhrrb" ruk n 9hokLkhrrb * Fb'n nstn $khrrb sn ebjmujfn ebc bs $khrrbs fb &nchj)rhb n Krtùr Onåb%

b $khrrb bjfn nst) b Kshob &kjtb Kjtbjhb% Inrkocnjtn såb fnjbchjkfks ruks fb $khrrb fb

Kshob kunoks un mhekc jks hcnfhkéþns fkunok hjsthtuhéåb% Jb njtkjtb, bmhehkocnjtn

nstks "hks !nrtnjenc kbs $khrrbs Krtùr Onåb bu, &nchj)rhb%

&niujfb ebjstk, b Kshob beu!k tnrrnjbs un !nrtnjenrkc 6 kjthik E`)ekrk fb

!kfrn &bonhrb%

1 !kfrn Gbsè Ckrhk &bonhrb, fn brhinc ns!kj`bok, "h"hk nc Onb!bofhjk jk è!bek

fk nckjeh!kéåb fk njtåb =rniunshk fn &åb &n$ksthåb fb =nh'åb Eru% +c 3:NM fneokrbu

!bssuhr 3 kounhrns fn tnrrks un fh"hsk"kc ebc Ouhs .btno`b =koeåb, =rkjehseb Kjt9jhb

/nh(nhrk, Kjt9jhb Gbsè <hjtb fn Kocnhfk, `nrfnhrbs fn Gbåb 5fns fn Jkzkrnt` n ks tnrrks

fbkfks !br ")rhbs cbrkfbrns !krk ebjsthtuDrnc b !ktrhc9jhb fn &åb &n$ksthåb%

K!s k cbrtn fb !kfrn &bonhrb k !rb!rhnfkfn tnrhk shfb fh"hfhfk njtrn kjthibs

nserk"bs un o`n !rnstk"kc snr"héb% ?ck fks `nrfnhrks, ebj`nehfk !nob jbcn fn

Gbkuhjk &bonhrb, tnrhk `nrfkfb tkc$èc kjthik hckinc fn &kjtb Kjt9jhb fn <)fuk,

!nrtnjenjtn kb !kfrn%

[ukjfb ') kthjihrk hfkfn k"kjékfk, Gbkuhjk &bonhrb ckjhmnstk"k b fnsn'b fn "nr

!rnsnr"kfk k suk eksk, !krk kebo`hcnjtb fn !nssbks hfbsks n fn"béåb k &kjtb Kjt9jhb%

G) jb mhjko fk fèekfk fn 32L, kjthibs cbrkfbrns onc$rkc*sn fk eksk bjfn "h"hkc

fh"nrsks snj`brks hfbsks n bjfn n(hsthk uck ek!nohj`k fnfhekfk k &kjtb Kjt9jhb%

&niujfb Ckjbno Onbjkrfb fn Cnob, uc fbs ckhs kjthibs mujehbj)rhbs fb Kshob, non mbh bebjstrutbr fn uck n(!kjsåb fk eksk brhihjko bjfn mbh ebobekfk k hckinc%

23




Ebc k e`nikfk fb $hs!b 4bc 4nomhc k Onb!bofhjk, mbh kebrfkfb ebc Gbkuhjk un

snu fnsn'b snrhk euc!rhfb n un nok tnrhk kebo`hfk jk Eksk fn Ekrhfkfn ktè b mhc fn snus

fhks% +c fnznc$rb fn 32 mbh okjékfk k !nfrk mujfkcnjtko fb Kshob &kjtb Kjt9jhb% +c

'uj`b fn 3N k fhbensn bmhehkohzbu k fbkéåb fn cntkfn fb tnrrnjb un Gbkuhjk

trkjsmnrhrk !krk k Eksk fn Ekrhfkfn, n bjfn ') nstk"k nc kjfkcnjtb k ebjstruéåb fb

Kshob% 1 !rhcnhrb !rnshfnjtn fb Kshob mbh b 4r% 1s_kofb E`rhstb"kc 0hnhrk%

\uk 0 8'r7s &ru1ns? Ebcnék jk ruk =nrrnhrk .rhtb% K onh jA 3%:, fn 3:%L:%3@:,

f) fnjbchjkéåb fn &kjtb Kjt9jhb, !kfrbnhrb fb $khrrb, 6 "hk !#$ohek jks /r-s Eruzns,

hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk E%

(hok 0 8\nfnjtbr? K onh jA 3%M2, fn L%3L%:, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn 80hok &kjtb

Kjt9jhb7 kb $neb obekohzkfb jb Kotb fk 0njtkjhk, un tnc hjDehb jk ruk Tk"hnr fn &buzk n

sniun nc fhrnéåb 6 E1<K&K% &niujfb !rb'ntb fb "nrnkfbr +oY \bfrhiuns Jntb, b jbcnmbh nc ktnjéåb k uc k$kh(b*ksshjkfb fbs cbrkfbrns fb rnmnrhfb obeko%

K fn"béåb k &kjtb Kjtbjhb "nc fn tnc!bs rncbtbs nc Onb!bofhjk !br ebjtk fk mè

jkunon un sn tbrjbu ebj`nehfb ebcb b 8skjtb fb !b"b, fbs cnjbs mk"brnehfbs7%

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Kzn"nfb nc 3N fn kibstb fn 33N, &kjtb Kjtbjhb, nrk fn mkcDohk jb$rn n rhek% K!s

k$rkékr k "hfk rnohihbsk trkjsmnrhu*sn !krk k 5t)ohk% +jshjbu /nbobihk nc kfbvk n fkD "nc

b ebc!oncnjtb fb snu jbcn rnohihbsb &kjtb Kjt9jhb fn <)fuk%

K!'B!HB KOCNHK \KCBU" ruk<rkék fk .kjfnhrk Ohik ks ruks Curhob \bfrhiuns <hjtb n +jY Okenrfk &kons% &uk

fnjbchjkéåb bebrrnu ebc k onh jA 2M, fn @%L:%3%

1 `bcnjkinkfb mbh uc fbs cuhtbs fnsenjfnjtns fb !brtuiu-s Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk

\kcbs jksehfb jk =rniunshk fb +s!Drhtb &kjtb fb Okjfko, /nrcb n Ebjeno`b fn S$hfbs,

jk è!bek <ktrhkrekfb fn Ohs$bk, <brtuiko% +c 3@, è!bek nc un Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk

\kcbs !kssbu kb .rksho, jåb `k"hk Ebcnjfkfbr fk 1rfnc fn Ckotk rnshfnjtn jb Okjfko%

Jnstk è!bek nrk <rbeurkfbr fk Ebcnjfk b !kh fn Kjt9jhb Gbåb fn Kocnhfk un, !br

jkturnzk fb ekrib, sn beu!k"k fk kfchjhstrkéåb fhrntk n fk ebjtk$hohfkfn fk Ebcnjfk

fk 1rfnc fn Ckotk jk =rniunshk fb +s!Drhtb &kjtb fb Okjfko% <nok !krtheh!kéåb fk

1rfnc jk kfchjhstrkéåb fb \nhjb ebjeouh*sn un k "hjfk fn Kjt9jhb n fbhs fn snus

!rhcbs !krk b .rksho tnj`k shfb fnehfhfk !br snu !kh% 5jstkokjfb*sn jk rnihåb fk snrrk fk

5$hth!bek, koh eksbu*sn ebc Ckrhk fn 1oh"nhrk <nfrbsk jb fhk : fn 'uo`b fn 3@N@% K!s b

mkonehcnjtb fn Ckrhk fn 1oh"nhrk <nfrbsk k 3%L@%3@: n fk cbrtn fb ckrhfb jb fhk 3M fn

'uo`b fn 3:LL, bhtb fbs fnz mho`bs fb eksko uthohzkrkc*sn fbs $njs !krtho`kfbs !krk kfuhrhr

2




!rb!rhnfkfns nc rnihþns khjfk !bueb !b"bkfks% 1 ekéuok fnstns mho`bs, Ckjbno Kjt9jhb

fn Kocnhfk, fn unc sn mkokr) nc butrb "nr$ntn, kfuhrhu uck mkznjfk jb =nh'åb Eru nc

3:: n nsthcuobu hj#cnrbs !krnjtns !krk "hrnc rnshfhr nc jbssk rnihåb% 4n butrbs tr-s

mho`bs fn Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs n Ckrhk fn 1oh"nhrk <nfrbsk "hnrkc mho`bs, jntbs n

kirnikfbs un mbrckrkc k irkjfn mkcDohk Kocnhfk \kcbs nc Onb!bofhjk%

&b$rn b `bcnjkinkfb, Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs, sk$ncbs un jksenu k 33 fn

sntnc$rb fn 3L2 nc \nernhb n mkonenu nc Onb!bofhjk k LM fn mn"nrnhrb fn 3:% +rk

mho`b fn Fbjrhb Kuiustb Kocnhfk \kcbs n fn Kjk Iko"åb% Eksbu*sn ebc 5sbohjk

Cke`kfb Ibu"-k, mho`k fn Ckrhkjk Eustfhk fn Cbrkns n Gbsè 0htko fn 1oh"nhrk%

Jntb !ktnrjb fn Kjt9jhb Gbsè fn Kocnhfk \kcbs n Ckrhkjk 5j)ehk fn 1oh"nhrk, nrk

$hsjntb !ktnrjb fn Kjt9jhb <rufnjtn fn Kocnhfk ekskfb ebc 5j)ehk Irkehkjk fb

Jksehcnjtb n fn Gbsè Ekrobs fn 1oh"nhrk ekskfb ebc /nrnzk Ckrhk fn Gnsus% &nustnrenhrb*k"s !nob rkcb !ktnrjb mbrkc =rkjehseb Ibjéko"ns <nrnhrk ekskfb ebc Kjk

/nbfbrk fn Kocnhfk n Ckjbno Gbsè =rkjeb ekskfb ebc 5j)ehk Ckrhk fn 1oh"nhrk%

+jtrn snus kjenstrkhs fk uhjtk inrkéåb "kcbs njebjtrkr =rkjehseb Ibjéko"ns fk

Ebstk n Gbsnmk Ckrhk fb +s!Drhtb &kjtb, fn unc fnsenjfnc fh"nrsbs fbs kjthibs

cbrkfbrns fb =nh'åb Eru, $nc ebcb b kehck ehtkfb !ktrhkrek Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs%

Jb cnscb jD"no fn !krnjtnseb, Kjt9jhb fnsenjfhk fn Ckjbno Gbsè fb .nc n fk ho`bk

/nrnzk Ckrhk fn Gnsus, koèc fb eksko Gbsè fn Ibu"-k n /nbfshk fn 1oh"nhrk, kc$bstkc$èc kjenstrkhs fn kjthibs cbrkfbrns fb =nh'åb Eru%

+stn `bcnjkinkfb è uc fbs ckhs oDfhcbs rn!rnsnjtkjtns, nc Onb!bofhjk, fk

fnsenjf-jehk chjnhrk fbs kébrhkjbs un !b"bkrkc b enjtrb fn Chjks jbs sèeuobs

fnznssntn n fnzbhtb%

K!'B!HB &K\OBU N KOCNHK \KCBU" ruk&åb Erhst"åb Ohik k ruk Ikrh$kofh Enrunhrk 6 ruk Gbåb <kuob .kr$bsk%

Kjtbjhb Ekrobs nrk fnsenjfnjtn fn Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs n Ckrhk fn 1oh"nhrk

<nfrbsk kehck ehtkfbs%

K!'B!HB &Û'3HB" ruk<hrhjnus Ohik k ruk E;jfhfb Okfnhrk 6 trk"nssk &åb 0henjtn fn <kuok%

Kjtbjhb Eustfhb nrk ekoentnhrb fk !rnmnhturk n rnshfhk jk ruk Ckrne`ko 4nbfbrb fk

=bjsnek, 'ujtb 6 !bjtn fb =nh'åb Eru%

22




K!'B!HB N BOH(NH\K )HO-B" ruk&åb Erhst"åb Ebcnék jk ruk 4bchjibs Qkc$rkjb% =bh erhkfk !nok onh jA 3%23:, fn

3%3%@:%

K!'B!HB N BOH(NH\K +^HCK\5NU" B^'B\" ruk=)$rhek Ohik k k"njhfk Int#ohb 0kriks 6 trk"nssk Gb$ =hiunhrnfb% +c inrko ks !nssbks

k nok sn rnmnrnc ebcb ruk fb 5J&&% Jk fèekfk fn 3ML koh n(hsthk uc ekc!hj`b fn

mutn$bo cuhtb ebjebrrhfb n un mhebu ebj`nehfb ebcb 8ekc!hj`b fb Ebebtk7%

K onh un fnu jbcn k nstk ruk è k fn jA @2, fn @%33%3@L, un fhz =hek

fnjbchjkfk ruk 4r% Kjt9jhb 1oh"nhrk Iuhckråns k "hk !#$ohek un, !krthjfb fk k"% Int#ohb

0kriks sniun ktè k hirn'k &åb Gbsè%

4r% Iuhckråns jksenu nc L3%3%3:L n mkonenu nc 32%L%3@L% =bh "nrnkfbr,

fn!utkfb nstkfuko, &nernt)rhb fn &k#fn fn Chjks Inrkhs n uc cèfheb cuhtb ebjenhtukfb

jk ehfkfn% Onehbjbu jk =keuofkfn fn 1fbjtbobihk fn Onb!bofhjk% +rk mho`b fn Kjt9jhb

/nh(nhrk fn 1oh"nhrk Iuhckråns G#jhbr n Ko$nrthjk Ckrhk% &uk sniujfk ns!bsk mbh 1oik

\kcbs <hjtb ebc unc sn eksbu k LM%3%33% +ok nrk mho`k fn +cDohb Kuiustb <nrnhrk

<hjtb n FnrcDjhk E;jfhfk \kcbs% &uk k" cktnrjk Kcèohk Ekrbohjk <nrnhrk <hjtb nrk

hrcå fn +cDohb Kuiustb <nrnhrk <hjtb% &nu k"9 cktnrjb, Kjt9jhb Gbsè Ko"ns \kcbs, mbh

!rb!rhnt)rhb fk mkrc)ehk Enjtrko, obekohzkfk jb hc"no rnmbrckfb !krk k$rhikr b

EboèihbÎhj)shb Onb!bofhjnjsn% K mkcDohk fn 1oik \kcbs <hjtb mbh !rbmujfkcnjtn ohikfk

kb 4r% Iuhckråns, ns!nehkocnjtn !br ebjtk fn suk choht;jehk !boDthek%

K!'B!HB B &B^'B )HO-B" rukCkrhk Iuhckråns =rkjék Erhkfk !nok onh jA 33, fn LM%L:%@M, tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk

\k!`kno 5njjkeb n mhjfk jk ruk Ckrhk Ekstkj`nhrk%

K!'%!HB B (KON !N'B" ruk

Gkrfhc .nok 0hstk /nc snu hjDehb ruk 0henjtn .kshon n mhjfk !r(hcb kb obtn jA 3L fk

ukfrk jA3% \nen$nu nstk fnjbchjkéåb ktrk"ès fk onh jA 2%M, fn 3%L%LLL%

Cuthj`b, ebcb mhebu ebj`nehfb, nrk mho`b fn Ckrenob fb 0kon n Kjk Kjhtk fn

1oh"nhrk% <nob okfb cktnrjb, nrk jntb fn Kjtbjhb Gusthjb fn 1oh"nhrk n 5ij)ehk fn Kocnhfk

1oh"nhrk%

4urkjtn cuhtbs kjbs mbh !rb!rhnt)rhb fn $kr, $btnuhc n trk$ko`bu ebcb ikrébc jb

rnstkurkjtn fb Eou$n Onb!bofhjk%

2




K!'B!HB )N\!K!NU (KON!'HC" ruk[uhjtk \nshf-jehk Ohik k k"% Gnù <hjtb fn =krhk, jks !rb(hchfkfns fb !bstb mhseko fk

<boDehk \bfb"h)rhk =nfnrko 6 ruk Kokj UkrfneV% <br cuhtb tnc!b mbh ebj`nehfk ebcb ruk

fb &k!b% <nok onh jA @N, fn :%LN%3M2, rnen$nu k fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk 8Kjt9jhb 0konjthc

k "hk un !krtn fb kotb fk 0njtkjhk n "kh ktè b $kr n rnstkurkjtn Ekhékrks, jb $khrrb &åb<nfrb, jnstk ehfkfn%7

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fnsenjf-jehk% &niujfb ebjstk nrk !kh fn 1ttb 0konjthc, fn unc rnihstrkcbs uck

eurhbsk jbtk fk Ikzntk fn Onb!bofhjk, fn 3L%L%33L, un mkok fn uck $rhik njtrn bs

cnjbrns, Kmbjsb &ho"k n Gbåb Ohck, jb uhjtko fn uck eksk fk ruk /hrkfnjtns, bjfn b

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ebcbéåb n mbh ktnjfhfb !nob 4r% Jujns <hj`nhrb%

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ktuko surihu ebc k onh jA 23L, fn 2%L%%

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Jntb n =nrrnhrk .rhtb%

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0ko"nrfn, kfuhrhu tnrrks fk mkznjfk fbs 0htkhs, nc <hkektu$k, k @%LN%3:@% Kernfhtkcbs

un tnj`k shfb !krk kerèsehcb fn suk !rb!rhnfkfn, ') un fnsfn koiujs kjbs kjtns b

sb$rnjbcn ') k!krnen ebcb rnmnr-jehk kb obeko ktè `b'n ebj`nehfb ebcb 80ko"nrfns7%

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snus ekskcnjtbs jks mkcDohks !b"bkfbrks%

K!'B!HB )\NN\H&B B.K!K!" ruk=)thck k su$hfk fk hirn'k &åb Gbsè%

2N




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ruk Gbjks .kstbs, !kssk !nok cktrhz &åb Gbsè n tnrchjk jk ruk Injtho <ke`neb fn Cnob%7

uck `bcnjkinc k Kjtbjhb =rnfnrheb 1zkjkc Ebno`b, erhkfbr fb cb"hcnjtb

0henjthjb% K &behnfkfn &åb 0henjtn fn <kuok, ebc!bstk fn Ebjmnr-jehks fn fhseD!uobs fn

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!r!rhk skjthmhekéåb%

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jA @@, fn 32%3%N%

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kjbs fn 3L%

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"botbu !krk k 5t)ohk n cbrrnu ebcb `nrh nc Cnsshjk, Kr)$hk, k LN%L%3M@% 1s butrbs

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3M:3, fn 3L%L%:%

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fnssk ujhåb mho`bs% =bh !rb!rhnt)rhb rurko n ebcnrehkjtn, tnjfb rnshfhfb nc ruk !r(hck 6

un rnen$n b snu jbcn%

2M




K!'B!HB CN!N+-H'N" lneb[uhjtk \nshf-jehk 0nr Kibsthj`b Cnjni`htn%

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$khrrb Ohjb Ibjéko"ns%7

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jb fhk 3@ fn 'kjnhrb fn 3:N n kuh mkonenu k 33 fn sntnc$rb fn 3MN% Eksbu*sn ebc

Jkhr &bkrns k 3M%L%33 n fnstn ebjsrehb såb bs mho`bs <kuob Kmbjsb mkonehfb n Gbsè

Kjt9jhb%

Gbrjkohstk !rbmhsshbjko, !rbmnssbr fn jD"no sneujf)rhb, nserhtbr n !bntk, !u$ohebu nc

'brjkhs n rn"hstks fh"nrsbs ebjtbs, njskhbs n !bncks% <br enrek fn L kjbs rnshfhu jb \hb

fn Gkjnhrb, bjfn trk$ko`bu jbs 'brjkhs Ebrrnhb fk Ckj`å, ebcb 'brjkohstk n rn"hsbr fn

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\kjuomb Cktbok fn Chrkjfk ruk fks =obrns, njtrn bs j#cnrbs 3@ n 33, "kh ktè k

ckrinc fb errnib =nh'åb Er#%7

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jbcn bmhehko surihu ebc k onh jA L@, fn 3%LN%:%

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un !krthjfb fk ruk &hjfhektb /-(tho, "kh jk fhrnéåb fk ruk Ckrne`ko 4nbfbrb%

2@




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&kjtu)rhb fn K!nrnehfk surihu k!s 3@3@, ukjfb tr-s !nsekfbrns 4bchjibs Ikrehk,

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okjékrkc ckhs uck "nz k rnfn n rnthrkrkc fks )iuks b ebr!b fn uck hckinc nseurk n

snc ek$nék% K !krthr fkD, k fn"béåb 6 &kjtk ernsenu n, nc 32L, tbrjbu*sn k !kfrbnhrk

fb <kDs%

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\nsnjfn%

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.njnfhetb 0kookfkrns%

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mbjtn fnjbchjkfk Krk#'b%

K\+NCH\B K^+Û'B TH!'B LH''N!&B^\'" ruk+ofbrkfb Ebcnék jk ruk Ebrbjno Gbåb Oku% =bh erhkfk !nok onh jA @3, fn 3@%3%%

Krinchrb nrk cknstrb fk 1runstrk Onb!bofhjk n n(nrenu k mujéåb fn snernt)rhb fbIhj)shb Onb!bofhjnjsn%

2:




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3%L%LLL%

[ukjtb kb `bcnjkinkfb, sk$n*sn un mbh $kthzkfb nc <hkektu$k, bjfn jksenu k3%33%3:N% +rk mho`b fn =hrchjb Ekrobs fn 1oh"nhrk n Ckrhk Gbsè fn Okenrfk% Jntb !ktnrjb

fn Gbsè 0htko fn Cbrkns n ?c$nohjk Eksshkjb fb Ekrcb, $hsjntb !ktnrjb fn Gbåb 5j)ehb

fn Cbrkns n Kjkst)ehk =nohs$hjk, !br nstk fnsenjfnjtn fn 0htko Kjtbjhb fn 1oh"nhrk n

Ckrhk Jkrehzk fn Gnsus% 0htko Kjtbjhb fn 1oh"nhrk nrk mho`b fn Gbsè \bfrhiuns .rkik n

.nrjkrfhjk Ekntkjk fb &kerkcnjtb, jntb !ktnrjb fn Gbåb =nrjkjfns n .njtk \bfrhiuns,

jntb cktnrjb fn Gbsè 4utrk fk &ho"nhrk n =rkjehsek Ckrhk fb &kerkcnjtb, kc$bs

hchirkjtns kébrhkjbs% K $hsk" fn Krhstnu, Ckrhk Jkrehzk fn Gnsus, nrk mho`k fn .nrjkrfbfk Ebstk fn Cnjfbjék n Ckrhk /nrnzk fn Gnsus, trbjeb fk irkjfn mkcDohk =urtkfb fn

Cnjfbjék fn &åb Gbåb Jn!bcuenjb n <hkektu$k% 1 $htb fn Krhstnu, nc Onb!bofhjk, mbh

k 3%3L%3::%

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Ckrhk Ebjstkjék fn Kocnhfk, jntk !ktnrjk fb Gbåb Oburnjéb =nrrnhrk fn Okenrfk n

cktnrjk fb Kjt9jhb 0nj;jehb fn Kocnhfk n \htk 0hriDjhk fn Kocnhfk% <nob okfb cktnrjb,

fnsenjfn fn Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs%

Krhstnu n 1tbohjk såb bs !khs fn 4hrenu Cbrkns PnrjneV, ekskfb ebc +!bjhjk

Ikrehk \nhmm, mho`k fn Kjtbjhb \nhmm n 0htkohjk Ikrehk fn Cktbs%

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=bh k onh jA :, fn 3:%L%3NL, un kotnrbu !krk 4bc Krhsthfns b jbcn fk ebj`nehfk ruk

fks /k$beks% Krhsthfns fn Krk#'b <brtb è b jbcn ebc!ontb fb "hi)rhb fk hirn'k fb \bs)rhb un,

nc 2L%L:%323, skirbu*sn $hs!b fn Cbjtns Eokrbs CI n sn tbrjbu 4bc Krhsthfns%

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Krhsthfns mkonenu jk ehfkfn fn Cbjtns Eokrbs, nc L@%L%3@%

hjtnrnsskjtn kernsenjtkr un 4bc Krhsthfns thj`k irkjfn hjtnrnssn jk `hstrhk fn

jbssk rnihåb, tnjfb nserhtb koiucks !)ihjks ebc ks hjmbrckéþns un ebjsniuhu k!urkr%

2




Fb'n, jk snerntkrhk !krbuhko fk hirn'k fb \bs)rhb, n(hstn uc n(nc!okr fn uc ckjuserhtb

fnh(kfb !br non %

K\HU'HNU LKK\3" 6rkék

=)$rhek k ebjmou-jehk fks ruks 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho n <bc!Dohb Iuhckråns% =bherhkfk !nok onh jA 33@@, fn 3N%L%@@, fb "nrnkfbr Gbkr-s &Do"hb fk Ebstk% Koh mhek"k b $kr

5jfustrhko, kjthib !bjtb fn njebjtrb fb $khrrb, un !nrtnjenu kb `bcnjkinkfb%

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jksenu jb fhstrhtb fn <hkektu$k, mho`b fn trkfhehbjko mkcDohk fk ehfkfn, mbh ebcnrehkjtn n

e`nmn fn mkcDohk n(nc!okr% +rk ekskfb ebc =noDehk =nrrkz fn Ekstrb%

K\HU'HNU TBOH&HK!B K UHO(K" rukGkrfhc .nok 0hstk =bh erhkfk !nok onh jA 2%2L, fn 3%L%LLL% /nc snu hjDehb jk ruk

Oburnjéb Ibjéko"ns Jujns n mhjfk jk ruk Kjfnrsbj <nrnhrk .nok%

K\ON''N LKU'BU" 6rkékE`heb .kstbs 4hz k onh jA 3%N3, fn LM%L:%:3, un k fnjbchjbu, un nstk !rkék nst)

obekohzkfk jb obtnkcnjtb 8E`heb .kstbs7%

Kronttn nrk ekskfk ebc 1ckr .kstbs, fnjthstk, tkc$èc jbcn fn obirkfburb%

\nshfhu jk eksk fn snu sbirb, =rkjehseb fn Kjfrkfn .kstbs, jk njtåb ruk fk =obrnstk% Ktukjtn jk "hfk sbehko fk ehfkfn, jk fèekfk fn ML, nrk uck fks brikjhzkfbrks fbs .khons

fn 4n$utkjtns fb Eou$n Onb!bofhjk% 4n snu ekskcnjtb såb bs mho`bs \nihjk Fnonjk,

Ouhz =nrjkjfb, Ekrobs Fnjrhun n &ho"hk Kcèohk%

K\'-^\ ON5B" lkhrrbEbjmujfn*sn ebc bs kjthibs $khrrbs fb &nchj)rhb n fb Kshob% Jnstn trk$ko`b,

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!rb(hchfkfns fb Ihj)shb%

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Iukjk`Yrb =rkik Cbtk%

L




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n fnh(bu sntn mho`b Ouhz, cèfheb n n(*fn!utkfb nstkfukoH Ckrhk fks Jn"ns, un rnshfhu nc

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=konenu nc 3:%L%3M@%

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/nrnsk =kok"hijk% +rk hrcåb fn &Yo"hb, un mbh snu sehb nc !kfkrhk fk ehfkfn%

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jk ruk 4bc Inrkrfb =nrrnhrk \nhs n mhjfk jk ruk KobDshb &bkrns =k'krfb

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krckrhj`bs, obekohzkfk fk !rkék <rbmnssbr Wjinob% <bstnrhbrcnjtn, ebc bs mho`bs, erhbu b

.kzkr +ck, jk ruk Ebtnih!n, k hjf#strhk fn tbrrnmkéåb fn ekmè 8+ck7 n kfuhrhu !krtn fk

mkznjfk fb <krkDsb% =konenu nc Onb!bofhjk, k 3M%L@%3L, ebc @N kjbs% +rk ekskfb ebc

0njhjk Ckruns%

4nsenjfhk fn trkfhehbjko mkcDohk fn Krihrhtk, !krk bjfn chirbu nc cnkfbs fbs

bhtbenjtbs Kjt9jhb <nfrb fn 0ksebjenobs, mho`b fn =rkjehseb Kjfrè fn 0ksebjenobs n

Ckrhk Eustfhk Chrkjfk, !rbenfnjtns fk rnihåb fk ktuko ehfkfn fn 1urb .rkjeb, CI%

Kjtbjhb <nfrb mbh ksenjfnjtn fn Ckjbno Ouhz fk Euj`k, !kh fb `bcnjkinkfb% &uk cån

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3




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2




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N




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fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko surihu ebc k onh jA 3%M3@, fn 32%LM%3:2, fn kutbrhk fb "nrnkfbr 0henjtn /`bcks &e`ntthjb%

Ekrobs Ouz Cnjni`ntth jksenu k 3%L%3M3% +rk mho`b fn Gbåb Cnjni`ntth n CkrhkJkzkrnt` &bfrè% Jntb !ktnrjb fn +rcnjnihofb Cnjni`ntth n Injb"nmmk Ekozk"krk%=konenu kbs 3 kjbs, jb fhk L@%3L%:L, ukjfb snr"hk kb +(èrehtb .rkshonhrb, nc Guhz fn=brk%

&åb snus hrcåbs Ouhz 1t)"hb, nfhtbr rns!bjs)"no !nob 'brjko Onb!bofhjnjsn, fbIru!b Onb!bofhjnjsn fn JbtDehksH /nrnzhj`k fn GnsusH =)thck OuehkH Ihb"kjh .kthstkH\bièrhb GbsèH 5zk$no ErhsthjkH Ckrhk /nrnzkH n, Iuho`nrcn Gbsè%

1 k"9 !ktnrjb fn Ekrobs Ouz, +rcnjnihofb Cnjni`ntth, jksenu k : 'uo`b 3::3 nc

Ekc!bobjib Ckiihbrn, 0njnzhk, 5tkohk, !kssbu kb .rksho ebc suk mkcDohk nc 3:::,fnsnc$krekjfb fb "k!br Pks hjitbj jb <brtb fb \hb fn Gkjnhrb% Eksbu*sn ebcInjb"nmmk Ekozk"krk k 3: Gkjnhrb 333 n mkonenu nc Onb!bofhjk k 3 1utu$rb 3@%

+rcnjnihofb n Injb"nmmk mbrkc !khs tkc$èc fn Kjk, Kjtbjhb, =nohen, =brtujktk,Fnonjk, &kjtn n Ckrhk Cnjni`ntth

+rcnjnihofb bu, Ihofb ebcb nrk `k$htukocnjtn ebj`nehfb, nrk mho`b fn &kjtnCnjni`ntth n fn \nihjk =brcnjtbj, jntb !ktnrjb fn butrb &kjtn Cnjni`ntth n Ckrhk n,jntb cktnrjb fn Ihusn!!n Ihrbokcb =brcnjtbj n Ckrhk =brcnjtbj% &k$n*sn un snushrcåbs k sniuhr rnokehbjkfbs, "h"nrkc jk rnihåb fn Onb!bofhjk 3 * =nohen KuiustbCnjni`ntth, jksehfb @ kibstb 3:@2H * Ebstkjthjk Cnjni`ntth, jksehfk 2 kibstb 3:@M,ekskfk ebc Ihb"kjjh .ktthstk Ibttkrfb k 3 jb"nc$rb 3L nc Onb!bofhjkH 2 * 0nrihjhb

Cnjni`ntth, jksehfb 3@ mn"nrnhrb 3:@, ekskfb ebc /nrnsk Enbofb k 3M 'kjnhrb 3L ncOnb!bofhjkH * Kck$hon +"k Cnjni`ntth, jksehfk 3 ckréb 3::@, ekskfk ebc =nohenCbjtb"kjh k jb"nc$rb 333 nc Onb!bofhjkH N * Gbsè Cnjni`ntth, jksehfb sntnc$rb3:L nc Onb!bofhjk, ekskfb ebc Kohen &tnmkjhH M * =brtujktb Cnjni`ntth, jksehfb 32 ckhb3:2 nc Onb!bofhjk, ekskfb ebc =nobcnjk .bjhjh : 'uo`b 33@H @ * Ckrhk Cnjni`ntth,jksehfk 32 ckhb 3:2 nc Onb!bofhjk, bjfn sn eksbu ebc <hntrb Ikoohtb k : k$rho 33@nc Onb!bofhjk

Injb"nmmk nrk mho k fn Ihusn!!n Ekozk"krk n Kjk &ekjtkc$uob, mkcDohk untkc$èc !kssbu kb .rksho jb cnscb "k!br Pks`hitbj, 'ujtb ebc snus hrcåbs \nihjk,<hntrb, Kjtbjhb n Kckohk Ekozk"krk, snjfb un nstk eksbu*sn ebc 1tk"hb fn Kjinohs,tkc$èc htkohkjb jksehfb k : kibstb 3:: nc /nrjh, ?c$rhk% G) nc Onb!bofhjk Ihusn!!n

n Kjk th"nrkc ckhs uc mho`b, <nfrb Kjinob Ekozk"krk, jksehfb k @ 'uo`b 3:@%1 sb$rnjbcn brhihjko, Cnjni`ntth, è fn uck mkcDohk !rbenfnjtn fb ebcujn fn

Ekc!bobjib Ckiihbrn, !rb"hjehk fn 0njnzhk, rnihåb fb 0njntb, 5tkohk%0nr tkc$èc &kjtb Cnjni`ntth n Gbåb Cnjni`htn%

&K\OBU O^." T\NUHN!'N" rukEnjtrb Ebcnék jk ruk Gbsè <nrns n tnrchjk fk !rkék Ikck Enrunhrk% &nu !rhcnhrbjbcn mbh ruk Jb"k% +c 3N ') nrk ebj`nehfk ebcb ruk /`n$ks% Jnok mujehbjbu bcnrekfb Cujheh!ko, k !rhcnhrk ki-jehk fb .kjeb fb .rksho jk ehfkfn, k snrrkrhk &åb Gbsè,k !rhcnhrk ikrkinc fk nc!rnsk fn 9jh$us /K05O, k ?.1O ?jhåb .njnmhenjtn fbs1!nr)rhbs Onb!bofhjnjsns n b njinj`b &kjtk Kfnokhfn% /brjbu*sn ruk <rnshfnjtn Ekrobs

Ouz, nc `bcnjkinc kb irkjfn !boDtheb rkfhekfb nc Onb!bofhjk,

:




4r% Ekrobs Ebhc$rk fk Ouz, mkonehfb nc 3M3, k !krthr fk onh jA 2, fn L3%L2%3M3%1 4r% Ekrobs Ouz mbh, nc Onb!bofhjk, kf"bikfb, fnonikfb fn !boDehk n !rnshfnjtn fke;ckrk jb !nrDbfb fn 32 k 323% Jb ;c$htb nstkfuko, mbh b brikjhzkfbr fb !okjbrbfb"h)rhb fk Qbjk fk Cktk, &nernt)rhb fn Kirheuoturk n fb 5jtnrhbr% +onhtb 4n!utkfb=nfnrko, tbrjbu*sn oDfnr fk $kjekfk n fk ckhbrhk% +(nrenu b ekrib fn !rnshfnjtn fk Ekh(k+ebj9chek =nfnrko n, mhjkocnjtn, fn !rnshfnjtn fk \n!#$ohek, fn L k 33%33%3NN%

&K\OBU CK+!B +NU^KOH LK\LBUK" rukEnjtrb * K ruk un !krtn fk ruk Gbsè <nrns n mhjfk jb njtrbjekcnjtb fks ruks 4r%Eustfhb Gujunhrk n !rkék Injnrko 1srhb rnen$nu nstk fnjbchjkéåb ktrk"ès fk onh jA2%2:, fn 3:%3%LLL% b kjthib trne`b fk ohj`k mèrrnk !krkonob 6 ruk Gbsè &ho"k, kb okfbfk !rkék =èoh( Ckrthjs, `b'n uthohzkfb ebcb !bjtb fn t)(h%

uck `bcnjkinc kb nc!rns)rhb inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb ebcb Ckiuhj`b, mho`b fnEkrobs .kr$bsk n Jkjntn Insukofh un, koèc fn butrbs nc!rnnjfhcnjtbs, nrk!rb!rhnt)rhb fk Ckickr Ebjmneéþns n mbh b hjebr!brkfbr fb &`b!!hji Ckr Enjtnr%

&K\OBU \^LN!U &KU'\B CNH\NONU" ruk&nchj)rhb Ohik k ruk <kfrn Gbsè 4bchjiuns Ibcns 6 ruk <rbmnssbr Gbkuhc IunfnsCke`kfb% k ruk un !kssk !nobs mujfbs fb Eboèihb +stkfuko, ckrinkjfb b =nh'åb Eru%+rk ebj`nehfk ebcb ruk fk 8.bc$k7, !brun koh n(hsthu, ukjfb fk k$nrturk fk ruk, uc!béb krtnshkjb un mbrjnehk )iuk !krk k ehfkfn, kjtns fk ek!tkéåb fks )iuks fb rhb<hrk!nthjik% K onh jA MM, fn L%3L%3M: fhz un 8=hek fnjbchjkfk ruk Ekrobs \u$njs fnEkstrb Cnhrnons b obirkfburb !#$oheb un !krthjfb fk ruk /r-s fn Guj`b n !ksskjfb !nokujhfkfn ns!brth"k fb Eboèihb +stkfuko .btno`b \nhs, "kh tnr k ruk <kfrn Gbsè 4bchjiunsn kb njebjtrb fk !rkék fb \bs)rhb%7

Ekrobs \u$njs nrk mho`b fn 5tkckr Cnhrnons Ekrjnhrb n Qbè Ohjk .kr$bsk fn Ekstrb,tnjfb jksehfb jb fhk 3 fn 'kjnhrb fn 32@ nc /n$ks n mkonehfb k L fn k$rho fn 3M: nc

Onb!bofhjk% Jntb cktnrjb fn Gbkuhc .kr$bsk fn Ekstrb n +chohkjk Kjtujns fn =krhk,sb$rhj`b fb Ebokthjb .kr$bsk fn Ekstrb n fn +urDfhen Ekstrb +stn"ns un tkc$èc såbjbcns fn ruks fk ehfkfn%

0nr mkcDohk nc Ebokthjb .kr$bsk fn Ekstrb%

&K\OBU U&-N''H!B" ruk&åb Erhst"åb Ohik k k"njhfk =uje`ko Ikrehk 6 ruk Jhe)ehb &kons% \nen$nu nstn jbcnktrk"ès fk onh jA 3%2L, fn LM%3L%@:%

Kuh "kon uck eurhbshfkfn k enrek fk mkcDohk &e`ntthjb% Ehrb Chbrkjzk, jb snu4hehbj)rhb fn &b$rnjbcns 5tkohkjbs njshjk un b sb$rnjbcn &e`ntthjb fnshijk ucehfkfåb shjenrb, k$nrtb, eokrb, fhrntb n "nrfkfnhrb% K mbrck &e`ntthjh, è k "krhkéåb !ourko

fn &e`ntthjb% + b k!nohfb tnrhk suk brhinc jk !rbmhssåb fn mk$rhekjtn n cnrekfbr fn ekrrbsn ekrrukinjs nc inrko%




&K\CH'K CB!'NH\B" rukGbsè Krrufk Ebcnék jk ruk E;jfhfk Ckrhk =% Okcbiohk%

Ekrchtk jksenu nc <ktrbeDjhb fb Curhkè, nc 3N%33%32% +rk mho`k fn &n$ksthåbCbjtnhrb n Ckrhk \htk Cbjtnhrb% =konenu nc Guhz fn =brk, kbs M3 kjbs, jb fhk L%L@%3L%+rk ekskfk ebc Gbsè Krrufk, ebc unc tn"n mho`bs%

&K\CB" !BUUK UN!-B\K B" ruk0hok Chrkofk K onh jA 2%N@, fn L%3L%LL, fnu jbcn k nstk "hk !#$ohek%1 oh"rb 81 &kjtb fb 4hk7, fn 4bc &nr"hohb Ebjth, 5%C%E%, fk +fhtbrk 0bzns, 3:M, !)ihjk2L@, njshjk un 3M fn 'uo`b è b fhk fk irkjfn mnstk fk 1rfnc fbs Ekrcnohtks n fk irkjfnmkcDohk fbs fn"btbs fn Jbssk &nj`brk fb Ekrcb%

&niujfb uck kjthuDsshck trkfhéåb, jb cbjtn Ekrcnob, jk /nrrk &kjtk, sn mbrcbuuc cbstnhrb fn !rbmntks 6 ns!nrk fk "hjfk fb Cnsshks% 0nrfkfn è un jb cbjtn Ekrcnob"h"hk uck ebcujhfkfn fn nrnchtks un, !br "botk fn 3%3NL, mbh trkjsmbrckfk nc 1rfncrnohihbsk% +c 3M%L@%3N3, k 0hrinc Ckrhk hjfhebu k &åb &hcåb &tbeV, sn(tb su!nrhbr inrkofk 1rfnc, b nsek!uo)rhb ebcb hjsDijhk ns!nehko fn snu kcbr cktnrjko% 4kD b jbcn fk=nstk fb +sek!uo)rhb fkfb 6 sbonjhfkfn fnstn fhk% 1 nsek!uo)rhb è uck "nstn ebcuc kcuhtks ebjirnikéþns rnohihbsks cks !krtheuokrcnjtn fhsthjth"k fk 1rfnc bs Ekrcnohtks%

K fn"béåb k Jbssk &nj`brk fb Ekrcb è fks ckhs kjthiks n ns!ko`kfks !nobcujfb, sb$rntufb jbs cnhbs fn brhinc ns!kj`bok%

&KU'\B KO(NU" ruk<hrhjnus Ebcnék jk ruk 1oDc!hb Cburåb =ho b% K onh jA :L@, fn L%L:%3@, fhz un8m hek fnjbchjkfk ruk Ekstrb Ko"ns k "hk !#$ohek, snc fnjbchjkéåb, un !krthjfb fk rukInjnrko 1oDc!hb Cburåb =ho`b, jb $khrrb &kjtk /nrnsk, jnstk ehfkfn%7

Kjtbjhb =rnfnrheb fn Ekstrb Ko"ns jksenu jk .k`hk, jk 0hok fn Eurrkohj`b `b'nehfkfn fn Ekstrb Ko"ns, jb cujheD!hb fn Curhth$k, nc 3%L2%3:@ n mkonenu nc &ko"kfbr

.K, nc LM%LM%3:@3% Cuhtb enfb b !bntk tbcbu b !krthfb fbs nserk"bs n okjébu sukshfèhks nc !rbo fk k$bohéåb% K$bohehbjhstk n(kotkfb, koh"hk"k suks !rnbeu!kéþnsrn"bouehbj)rhks ebc k suk "hsåb rbc;jthek% Ekstrb Ko"ns cbrrnu tu$nreuobsb, kbs kjbs, fnh(kjfb uck "kstk b$rk ohtnr)rhk un b tbrjk, `b'n, uc fbs ckhs ohfbs n !b!uokrns!bntks $rkshonhrbs%

&K'N\KO" lkhrrb

1 $khrrb fk Ektnfrko ebc!rnnjfn ks ruks n !rkéks un ehreujfkc k hirn'k cktrhz%1 jbcn Ektnfrko hjfhek snr nstk k !rhjeh!ko hirn'k fb $hs!kfb fn Onb!bofhjk%

NL




&b$rn k ktuko cktrhz "kon rnebrfkr un b Kockjkun fn 3::M hjmbrck un 83:2 brn"nrnjfb eurk Ckjbno Kjtbjhb rnzbu k !rhcnhrk chssk juck tbsek ek!nohj`k, eb$nrtk fn$heks fn !kochtb n nrnetk jb kotb fb cbrrb fb kjthib enchtèrhb n fk mbrek%7

5stb jbs on"k k ebjeouhr un nstk !rhcnhrk ek!nohj`k mbh ebjstruDfk jb cbrrb fbs<hrhjnus%

Jb cnscb Kockjkun b kutbr sniun kmhrckjfb un 8nc "nrfkfn k rnohihåb jåbsnjthk shc!kthk !br tko "hzhj`kjék n !bhs b tnc!ob cufbu*sn, ebcb k krek, !krk b cnhb fbcbrrb fn &åb &n$ksthåb, njtrn ks eksks brk !nrtnjenjtns kb 4r% Kcèrheb Ob$b n k GbåbJnttb, snjfb kmhjko trkjsmnrhfb !krk b kotb, bjfn `b'n ekc!nk k hirn'k cktrhz%7

&K*HKU" ^;^N" ruk/r-s Eruzns Ebcnék jk ruk =nrrnhrk .rhtb n sniun nc fhrnéåb 6 Ckjbno Kjtbjhb fn Kocnhfk%

Ouhz Ko"ns fn Ohck n &ho"k, b 4uun fn Ek(hks, è b !ktrbjb fb +(èrehtb .rkshonhrb%Jksenu jk 0hok +strnok, jb \hb fn Gkjnhrb, nc N%L:%3:L2 n mkonenu nc 0konjék \G, ncL@%LN%3::L% <krtheh!bu fn hj#cnrks $ktko`ks 6 mrnjtn fks trb!ks $rkshonhrks% /n"n!krtheh!kéåb kth"k jk Iunrrk fk /rD!ohen Kohkjék% =bh snjkfbr, chjhstrb fk iunrrk nebjsno`nhrb fb 5c!èrhb%

&NCH'>\HB" lkhrrb1 $khrrb fb Enchtèrhb è k !krtn fk ehfkfn un mhek jks !rb(hchfkfns fb ktuko

ekc!b skjtb, jk skDfk !krk Ektkiuksns% 1 obeko è inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb ebcb Kotb fbEnchtèrhb% K$rkjin, fnjtrn butrks, ks ruks K$Dohb Gnr9jhcb, +jèks Okenrfk =rkjék,Ckjbno Gkju)rhb, k kokcnfk EYrb Ibjéko"ns fn 1oh"nhrk, k nsekfkrhk Kjtnrb =nrjkjfns, k

"hok Ckrhkjk n ks !rkéks Ckfrn Kjinons +e`n"nrrhk n &åb Gbsè%

N3




1 jbcn fn Enchtèrhb Jbssk &nj`brk fb Ekrcb surihu ebc k onh jA M, fn3:%L%3NL% Jnstn cnscb fhk, ktrk"ès fk onh jA @, b okrib fb Enchtèrhb, un n(hsthk ncmrnjtn kb !brtåb, !kssbu k e`kckr*sn !rkék &åb Gbsè%

0kon onc$rkr, khjfk, un butrbs obekhs fk ehfkfn tkc$èc ') snr"hrkc ebcbenchtèrhb% =rkjehseb fn <kuok =nrrnhrk fn \nznjfn, tko"nz b !rhcnhrb `hstbrhkfbr fkehfkfn, rnmnrn*sn kb !rhcnhrb enchtèrhb fn Onb!bofhjk ebcb 8shtukfb jb cbrrb un mhek"k!krk tr)s fk \uk fb \bs)rhb ktuko ruk /hrkfnjtns, jk nstrkfk un sn nstnjfhk !krk bsokfbs fn Okrkj'ko, Ekc!b Ohc!b n 0hstk Konirn7, eu'bs rnstbs non 8kernfhtk"k tnr koekjékfb7% + fhz non un 8jb kotb fnssn cbrrb tnrhk shfb ebjstruDfk k !rhcnhrk ek!nok fb!b"bkfb7%

Jbutrb trne`b b 4r% \nznjfn n(!ohek un bs ohchtns fb !ktrhc9jhb fn &åb&n$ksthåb, nc$brk jåb !ufnssn !rnehskr, 8kernfhtk"k snr b =nh'åb Eru n uc !nunjbokerhcko errnib un, "hjfb fbs okfbs fb enchtèrhb "no`b, ktrk"nssk k ruk fb \bs)rhb n,fn!bhs fn ') nstkr 'ujtb ebc b ebrrnibzhj`b un !kssk !nok Ekfnhk ktuko Eou$nOnb!bofhjk, ktrk"nssk k ruk 4hrnhtk n "kh njtrkr jb =nh'åb Eru7%

Ebc nstks hjmbrckéþns, rnstk ernr jk `h!tnsn fnssn !rhcnhrb enchtèrhb 8!krk tr)s

fk ruk fb \bs)rhb7 snr, njtåb, jb cbrrb fbs <hrhjnus, !nob okfb fk ruk <rns% Ekrobs Ouzbu, ckhs !krk b okfb fk ktuko Ekfnhk% +(eouh*sn b cbrrb fb `bs!htko, !nob okfb fkEbtnih!n, !br njtnjfnr un ckhs oiheb snrhk b kutbr rnmnrhr*sn k non ebcb snjfb b cbrrbun fh"hsk"k b $khrrb fk Irkck% /kc$èc jåb sn ebihtk fk njebstk bjfn sn obekohzk b$khrrb +stn"ns !brun non jbutrb trne`b ehtk k chjk fks /k$beks, uthohzkfk !nobscbrkfbrns%

$bc onc$rkr un b 4r% \nznjfn "nhb !krk Onb!bofhjk nc %L%3:M3 n un, nc3:MN kfuhrhrk k mkznjfk =hokfnomhk n un b ktuko enchtèrhb, jk ruk \hkeùnob, mbhebjstruDfb jks tnrrks fbkfks !br non, ukjfb nrk !rb!rhnt)rhb fn uck e`)ekrk un,sniujfb non, mhek"k 8uksn !nikfk 6 hirn'k fb \bs)rhb, un njtåb sn ebcnék"k kebjstruhr7%

1 KockjkV Kfchjhstrkth"b fn Chjks Inrkhs, fn 3:MN, hjmbrck un jkunon kjb,Onb!bofhjk ebjtk"k ebc uc 8enchtèrhb fnenjtn, curkfb n ebc ek!nok7%1rk, sn non hckihjk tnr ebj`nehfb bs rnstbs fn uc, nc 3:M3 n, mbh b fbkfbr fks

tnrrks !krk k ebjstruéåb fb butrb, kjtns fn 3:MN, $"hb nst) un tnrhk n(hsthfb uctnrenhrb, un nstk"k nc usb jk suk è!bek% +, !krnen jåb `k"nr f#"hfks fn un nstn snrhkb un n(hsthu jk ktuko nsekfkrhk fn kenssb 6 ektnfrko, jb mhjko fk ruk Oueks Kuiustb%

1 'brjko 1 Onb!bofhjnjsn, fn L@%33%3::L hjmbrck un jkunon kjb mbh ebjstruDfb bEnchtèrhb fk ruk \hkeùnob% 4hz ckhs, un bs snr"hébs fn ekr!hjtkrhk fn suk ek!nok mbrkcebjtrktkfbs ebc b &r% Iuho`nrcn <nrnhrk fn Ekstrb, fk ckrenjkrhk 3A fn Ckréb%

Gbrjkhs fn 3::3 fåb ebjtk fn un k e;ckrk cujheh!ko rneokck"k fb /nsburb<rb"hjehko b !kikcnjtb fn "nr$k fnsthjkfk kb enchtèrhb fn Onb!bofhjk% /khs rneursbs,

sniujfb b jbtheh)rhb nserhtb, jåb e`nikrkc 6 ehfkfn ktè ckhb fn 3::%Jb 'brjko 1 Onb!bofhjnjsn, fn 32%L%3::, b iukrfk fb enchtèrhb !#$oheb k"hsk un

jnensshtkr) 8k$rhr sn!uoturks fb butrb okfb fb enchtèrhb, n(trkhr bs bssbs n fn!bsht)*obsnc uck "kok7% ?ck eokrk n"hf-jehk fn un `k"hk !rb$oncks fn su!nr obtkéåb%

Cks, !br nstk è!bek, b jb"b enchtèrhb fk ruk \hkeùnob ') nrk ebj`nehfb% 1 'brjkofn @%L%3::, ebcnjtk un 8uc ek"kob $rk"hb fhs!krbu !noks ruks fk ehfkfn n s mbh!rnsb jk !brtk fb enchtèrhb jb"b7 n, nc 3L%3%3::, b sn!uotkcnjtb fn 4% \htk .% fn Kocnhfk bebrrnu jb Enchtèrhb fk ruk \hkeùnob%

&niujfb .krrbsb G#jhbr, b !rhcnhrb sn!uotkcnjtb bebrrhfb jb ktuko enchtèrhb mbh bfn \bcåb, ehfkfåb fn cuhtb $rho`b jk !boDthek onb!bofhjnjsn fn butrbrk%

Jb"ks !nsuhsks jbs on"kc k ernr un .krrbsb G#jhbr unrhk rnmnrhr*sn k \bcåb<hj`nhrb Ebrr-k fn Okenrfk un, jb njtkjtb, mkonenu jb fhk 3 fn ckréb fn 3:@, eu'btrksokfb tnrhk bebrrhfb njtrn n : fn 'uo`b fn 3::2 !krk k sn!uoturk j#cnrb 22 fb njtåb

N




Jb"b Enchtèrhb, e`kckfb bmhehkocnjtn fn Enchtèrhb <#$oheb fn Onb!bofhjk, ebjmbrcnebjstk !rhcnhrb oh"rb fb E<O, mbo`ks 32%

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0nr ckhs, nc 8<hrhjnus7%

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N2




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N




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&B'N+HTN" ruk

NN




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NM




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&Û'3HB OK&N\K" ruk

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Ë\HB CK'NÛ N BOH(NH\K" lneb

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+c Onb!bofhjk tncbs cuhtbs fnsenjfnjtns fn =rkjehseb Ebno`b 4ukrtn .kfkr n

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K(H TN\NH\K" lneb

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=konenu 2%L%3:N n nst) njtnrrkfb jk 5irn'k fn Jbssk &nj`brk fb <hokr, nc &åb Gbåbfno \nh%

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0nr nc Kjthibs Obirkfburbs ks k"njhfks 4nsnjikjb n &kjtk 5sk$no%ML




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4ur"ko mbh mkznjfnhrb n kfchjhstrkfbr fk mkznjfk fk =obrnstk% &b$rn snuskjtn!ksskfbs n fnsenjfnjtns obekohzkcbs !bfncbs fhznr b un sn sniun

&neujfhjb fn Cktbs =rnhrn, mkonehfb nc Onb!bofhjk k 3%LN%3L@, mbh ekskfb ebc Kjk .kstbs% 4nstn eksko sk$ncbs fk n(hst-jehk fn !nob cnjbs bs mho`bs Bo"krb .kstbs=krhk =rnhrn ekskfb ebc Gkju)rhk JbiunhrkH +tno"hjk =rnhrn, mkonehfk 3N%L%L, nc

Onb!bofhjkH +"nrkofb fn .kstbs =rnhrnH 4ur"ko fn .kstbs =rnhrn, jksehfb !br "botk fn3:@2 n, Quochrk fn .kstbs =rnhrn, jksehfk !br "botk fn 3:: n ekskfk k %33%3L, ncOnb!bofhjk, ebc 0henjtn Krk#'b fn Cnob%

&neujfhjb, ns!bsk n mho`bs jksenrkc nc &nrih!n% 1 ckrhfb fn Quochrk, 0henjtn,jksenu jb Enkr)% <nob un sn !bfn k!urkr, k mkcDohk fn &neujfhjb tnrhk "hjfb fb Enkr)!krk Onb!bofhjk kjtns fn 3:::%

4ur"ko fn .kstbs =rnhrn fnh(bu irkjfn fnsenjf-jehk% &åb snus mho`bs OkurbHEDenrb, jksehfb nc .heks*CIH CkrhkH &neujfhjb fn Cktbs =rnhrnH 1tDohb =rnhrn, jksehfbnc jb"nc$rb fn 3LL n mkonehfb k L%L%3L3H Pkomrnfb, jksehfb nc 'uo`b fn 333 nmkonehfb nc LM%L3%33H Gbjks .kstbs fn =krhk =rnhrn, jksehfb nc kibstb fn 33 nmkonehfb nc L@%3%33H Kjtbjhb .kstbs =rnhrn, jksehfb nc kibstb fn 33: n mkonehfb k

M%L:%33:H 4ur"ko .kstbs fn =krhk =rnhrn mkrcke-utheb n jbcn fn ruk fk ehfkfnH 1tDohkH=rkjehseb .krrntb fn =krhk =rnhrn fuks "nzns !rnmnhtb fk ehfkfn n Gbsè .kstbs fn =krhk=rnhrn cèfheb n !kh fb n(*!rnmnhtb C)rehb =rnhrn%

0nr Bo"krb .kstbs =krhk =rnhrn, Gbjks .kstbs n mkrcke-utheb 4ur"ko .kstbs%

^\(KO LKU'BU" )K\CK&,^'H&B" ruk=)thck Ebcnék jk k"njhfk Int#ohb 0kriks n tnrchjk fk ruk +reDohk Iuhckråns% =bh konh jA 3LM3, fn %33%@, un o`n fnu nstk fnjbchjkéåb% Kjthikcnjtn nrk ebj`nehfk ebcbk 8!krtn fk ruk 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho un mhek"k fn!bhs fk k"njhfk7% k "hk !rhjeh!ko fb$khrrb% Koh, jb !ksskfb, n(hsthk k e`)ekrk fb 4r% 1s_kofb%

4ur"ko .kstbs nrk !rb!rhnt)rhb fk mkrc)ehk &kjtk Ckrhk, un mujehbjk"k jk nsuhjk

fks ruk Oueks Kuiustb n <rbmnssbr Gbkuhc Iunfns Cke`kfb%0nr Bo"krb .kstbs =krhk =rnhrn, Gbjks .kstbs n 4ur"ko .kstbs%

N>UHB UH;^NH\K" rukGkrfhc .nok 0hstk * K onh jA 2%2L@, fn 3N%L%LLL, f) fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk !#$ohek fnstkehfkfn un, jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb Gkrfhc .nok 0hstk, njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb rukL2% +stk ruk tnc snu hjDehb jk k"% fbs +(!nfhehbj)rhbs n mhjfk jk ruk Kjfnrsbj <nrnhrk.nok%

\n!rnsnjtkjtn ebcnrehko, !rbmhssåb un jk è!bek nrk inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfk ebcb8"hk'kjtn7, +fèshb jksenu 3M%L3%3 n mkonenu 2L%L:%3% Ebcb suk ns!bsk 4nomhjk!rbenfhk fn =krhk Oncbs, CI% Kuh cbrbu, jk ruk \h$nhrb Gujunhrk, furkjtn cuhtbs

kjbs% &uk ns!bsk n(nrehk k !rbmhssåb fn ebsturnhrk n ebok$brk"k tbekjfb riåb jk hirn'k%1 eksko fnh(bu fbhs mho`bs \hekrfb n \hzntn%

M




NC^!B HKU K &BU'K" ruk.nok 0hstk Ebcnék jk ruk Fkrbofb Ckrkj`k% &uk fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko bebrrnu k !krthr fk onh jA 33, fn 3%L%3:%

4urkjtn cuhtbs kjbs b sr% +fcujfb trk$ko`bu jb rkcb fn ckrcbrkrhk n mujnr)rhk%\nshfhu jk trk"nssk 4bc <nfrb 55% =bh ekskfb ebc suk !rhck, Kckjfk =bjsnek, tkc$èc`bcnjkinkfk nc obirkfburb% Kc$bs nrkc jkturkhs fn fn /n$ks% 1 eksko fnh(bu ks

mho`ks Quonhek, ekskfk ebc Kjtbjhb Ibrntth, fk 0hkéåb Ibrntth un mkzhk k ohj`kOnb!bofhjk^G=brkH \ut`, ekskfk ebc =nohehbH K!krnehfk ekskfk ebc 4r% Obe`krf, uDchebHJn"ns n Iorhk, i-cnks% K !rhcnhrk mbh !rbmnssbrk fn Fhstrhk n +fuekéåb =Dshek jbEboèihb 5ckeuokfk n mkonenu sbotnhrk% K sniujfk, Iorhk, ekskfk ebc Gkuns, !khs fn Ouhs+fcujfb, b #jheb jntb fb `bcnjkinkfb n un `b'n ebjthjuk 6 mrnjtn fk mujnr)rhk\nfnjtbrH Ckrhsk ekskfk ebc +!kchjbjfks Ckhk, uc fbs sehbs fk 8=nrrkinjs Ckhk7,ob'k un khjfk `b'n mujehbjk jb enjtrb fk ehfkfn%

NUB! LK\LBUK \N.N!N" ruk+stn"ns Ohik k ruk +urDfhen fn Ekstrb +stn"ns 6 ruk \k!`kno 5njjkeb% K onh jA 3%22@,fn %L%3@, fnu fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko k nstk "hk !#$ohek%

+fsbj nrk fnsnj`hstk fn !okjtks fn hc"nhs% =bh ekskfb ebc k !bntk n nserhtbrk4kurk \be`k%

NUB! N\!N&4" ruk\nfnjtbr <nr!njfheuokr 6 k"% Gn`# <hjtb fn =krhk, !krthjfb fb obeko bjfn sn njebjtrkcobekohzkfks ks mhrcks Ekr$urkutb n Cburkirb, "kh nc fhrnéåb 6 e`)ekrk un !nrtnjenu kb`bcnjkinkfb% &uk fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko surihu ebc k onh jA L3M, fn 3M%L%3::%

+fsbj PnrjneV mbh ebcnrehkjtn n trk$ko`bu jk =)$rhek fn /nehfbs n mbh fhrntbr fkQ]U*N, \)fhb &behnfkfn Onb!bofhjk, mujfkfk nc L@%LM%3@ n un, hjhehkocnjtnmujehbjbu jk snfn fb Eou$n Onb!bofhjk%

N^K\B &ONCN!'H!B UHO(K" ruk.nok 0hstk Ebcnék jk ruk Ckjbno Cbjtnhrb n tnrchjk jks !rb(hchfkfns fk .\*33M%=bh jbchjkfk bmhehkocnjtn !nok onh jA 2N2, fn 3M%3L%33%

4urkjtn cuhtb tnc!b +fukrfb trk$ko bu ebcb mujehbj)rhb !#$oheb jb <krun<rhc)rhb Ebc!oncnjtkr, ktuko E+=+/%

NK\ *K(HN\ UB^.K" ruk0njtkjhk Ebcnék jk ebjmou-jehk fk ruk Jheboku Gbsè Okoujk ebc k k"njhfk Fuc$nrtbfn Konjekr Ekstnob .rkjeb% &nu jbcn bmhehko surihu ebc k onh jA 3@@, fn 3:%L:%@:%

NOB\KB" lkhrrb+stn $khrrb surihu jk fèekfk fn 3L% =hek njtrn bs $khrrbs [uhjtk \nshf-jehk nGbkuhc Eustfhb Iuhckråns, jks tnrrks !r(hcks kb kjthib K!rnjfhzkfb%

K$rkjin ks ruks Krinchrb <hjtb .httnjeburt, +ohks 0nhik, Gbjns \be`k, Ckjbno\bfrhiuns <kjfno, 1sckr fn Kocnhfk, &åb <kuob, &n$ksthåb =nrrnhrk fn Okenrfk,0henjtn 5njjkeb n k !rkék <rbmnssbrk Injh .httnjeburt fn Krk#'b%

&niujfb b fhehbj)rhb fb Kurèohb, nofbrkfb 8è uc !kDs hckihj)rhb un sn fhzhk n(hsthr jk Kcèrhek cnrhfhbjko7% 8?c ouikr !rfhib nc fnoDehks n rhunzks7%

NOHKU KL\K-HC" rukGbkuhc Eustfhb Iuhckråns K onh jA LL, fn 3N%L%::, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk

obekohzkfk jb Ebj'ujtb Fk$htkehbjko 4r% Gbkuhc Iuhckråns n un jb ck!k fbobtnkcnjtb nst) ebcb ruk E% +stk "hk tnc hjDehb jk ruk +oh Jbiunhrk Ibcns n mhjfk jkruk =rkjehseb fn &buzk%

M2




+ohks nrk ebcnrehkjtn n cuhtb ebj`nehfb k ehfkfn%

NOHKU CK'BU" ruk&nchj)rhb Ohik k ruk <kfrn Gbsè 4bchjiuns Ibcns ebc k ruk 1oYjt`b Ibjéko"nsJnttb% K onh jA :N, fn 3N%LN%3@2, fnu jbcn fn 8ruk +ohks Cktbs, k "hk !#$ohek unebcnék juck ruk snc jbcn, jb $khrrb fb &nchj)rhb n sn fhrhin !krk b $khrrb Krtùr

Onåb, tnrchjkjfb jb rbfb !r(hcb kb Kshob &kjtb Kjt9jhb%7Ebjstk un +ohks Cktbs nrk cne;jheb, !hobtb n hjstrutbr fn "9b n mkonenu "Dthck fb

cnscb kehfnjtn kèrnb, jk snrrk fn <ntr!bohs, un cktbu Gbsè <nrns, !rnmnhtb fk ehfkfnfn &åb <nfrb fbs =nrrbs, CI n hrcåb fb 1ckr \nsnjfn <nrns, tkc$èc jbcn fn ruk fkehfkfn%

NOHKU (NH+K" ruk+ofbrkfb Ebcnék jk ruk Ebrbjno Gbåb Oku% &uk fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko surihu ebc k onhjA @, fn 3@%3%3%

+ohks 0nhik trk$ko`bu jk kjthik Eksk /hc$hrks% <bstnrhbrcnjtn k$rhu suk !r!rhkeksk fn jniehbs jk ruk Gbåb Jntb%

NO3H !B+^NH\K +BCNU" rukGbkuhc Eustfhb Iuhckråns K onh jA 3@, fn 3N%L%::, fhz un !kssk k fnjbchjkr*sn ruk, k "hk !#$ohek fnstk ehfkfn un jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb 4r% Gbkuhc Iuhckråns,njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk K% +stk ruk tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk <kfrn Gbsè Ibcns4bchjiuns n mhjfk jk !rkék G#ohb .kr$bsk%

+oh Jbiunhrk Ibcns mbh uc fbs sehbs fk kjthik bmhehjk kutbrhzkfk E`n"rbont fnOnb!bofhjk n rnshfhu juck E`)ekrk jb $khrrb fn =)thck%

NC#OHK &B!U'K!<K N \N.N!N" ruk

/r-s Eruzns * =bh erhkfk !nok onh jA 23, fn 2%L%% K `bcnjkinkfk nrk mho`k fn Ckjbno Ikofhjb /nh(nhrk fn \nznjfn n Kjk +cDohk fb Kcbr 4h"hjb, jksenu !br "botk fn 3:2 n mkonenu nc Onb!bofhjk k N%LN%3::%

NC#OHK ON(KUUN^\ \B&-K" ruk<rkék fk .kjfnhrk Ohik k ruk &n$ksthåb <nrnhrk .nook 6 k"njhfk Fuc$nrtb fn Konjekr Ekstnob .rkjeb% k kjthik ruk fks <kocnhrks bu, ruk fk "hok Ihofk%

4hz b tn(tb fk onh jA :LL, fn @%L%3@ un !br nok sn 8kotnrk k fnjbchjkéåb fkktuko ruk fks <kocnhrks !krk ruk <rbmnssbrk +cDohk On"kssnur \be`k7%

+cDohk On"kssnur \be`k nrk !rbmnssbrk n fnsenjfhk fb mrkje-s Kjtbhjn ?r$khjOn"kssnur, un mhebu ebj`nehfb !nob jbcn fn Kjtbjhb Ko$hjb On"kssr% =konenu nc

L%3%3M, kbs 3 kjbs% Eksbu*sn L3%3L%3: ebc /nmhob \be`k jksehfb !br "botk fn3:@L nc Cbjtn 0nrfn `b'n .kråb fn Cbjtn Kotb, mho`b fn Kjt9jhb Ibjéko"ns fk \be`k n=obrhkjk Kcèohk fb Jksehcnjtb%

Jb oh"rb fn ekskcnjtbs fn jA N, mos% @, jA 2M, ebjstk un +cDohk On"kssnur \be`k4% Chohek nrk mho`k fn +ohsk Ckrhk On"kssnur n Kjtbjhb 4nomhc Ikck%

C)rhb fn =rnhtks, nc 8Onb!bofhjk fb Cnu /nc!b7, fhz un 8jk !rkék IkckEnrunhrk rnshfhk k jbt)"no nfuekfbrk n n(Dchk !hkjhstk, fbjk Chohek, +cDohk On"kssnur \be`k, n suks mho`ks Fnonjk n FnobDsk%7

&niujfb .krrbsb G#jhbr, Kjtbhjn tnrhk "hjfb !krk Onb!bofhjk !br "botk fn 3:2@ n mbh!rb!rhnt)rhb n jnibehkjtn jb !b"bkfb%

Jksehfb !br "botk fn 3:L jk =rkjék, Kjtbhjn ?r$khj On"kssnur mbh uc fbs

!rhcnhrbs cbrkfbrns fb =nh'åb Er#% Ksshjbu ebcb tnstncuj`k fk fbkéåb fn tnrrks !krk b!ktrhc9jhb fn &åb &n$ksthåb nc 3:23% +rk cksektn n nc 3:2: k!krnen sbotnhrb,jnibehkjtn, komk$nthzkfb, snc nserk"bs% +c 3:2, ') `k"hk ebjsthtuDfb mkcDohk n nrk

M




!rb!rhnt)rhb fn 2 nserk"bs% +c 3:NM nrk !rb!rhnt)rhb fn tnrrks fk mkznjfk /k$bonhrb, ebc3 kounhrns fn d!okjtk fn cho`bd% &nus "hzhj`bs Ckjbno Gbsè fn Jb"kns, =rkjehseb fk&ho"k .kr$bsk, k mkznjfk fk .bekhjk n k ehfkfn% &uk ns!bsk mbh Gkehjtk Ckrhk fk Iorhk,jksehfk !br "botk fn 3:N nc Onb!bofhjk% =brkc !khs fn \bsk On"kssnur eê b ns!kj`bo.rkz Ob!nz, Kjtbjhb Gkehjtb On"kssnur mkonehfb nc Onb!bofhjk 3 Guj`b 3::M, .nj'kchcOn"kssnur eê =hobcnjk 0kriks Ebrr-k mho`k fn =rkjehseb fn 0kriks Ebrr-k n 0nj;jehk+scèrhk fn Gnsus, +ohsk Ckrhk On"kssnur, Gbsè Ckrhk On"kssnur mkonehfb nc Onb!bofhjk2 Kibstb 3::M, Kfnokhfn n Ckrhk Ckfkonjk On"kssnur %

NC#OHK TK&-N&B" lneb[uhjtk \nshf-jehk &niujfb ebjstk nrk k cån fb Gbkuhc n fb <nfrb <ke`neb%

NC#OHB \KCBU TH!'B" T\B)NUUB\" ruk.nok 0hstk K onh jA :L, fn 3N%LN%3@2, 8f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk +cDohb \kcbs <hjtb, k"hk !#$ohek un jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb .nok 0hstk nst) ebcb ruk F%7

1 !rbmnssbr +cDohb mbh, furkjtn cuhtbs kjbs, fhrntbr fb Iru!b +sebokr \h$nhrbGujunhrk Iru!b 0no`b% +rk ekskfb ebc k !rbmnssbrk \ut`%

Jksehfb 2L%33%3: nc Onb!bofhjk, mho`b fn +cDohb Kuiustb <nrnhrk <hjtb nFnrcDjhk E;jfhfk \kcbs% K"s !ktnrjbs =rkjehseb fn <kuok <nrnhrk <hjtb n Ekrbohjk\bsk fn Gnsus, nstk mho`k fn =rkjehsek fn <kuok fn &åb Gbsè n Kjt9jhb =nohs$nrtb fk&ho"k Ibjéko"ns, mho`b fn =nohs$nrtb Ibjéko"ns fk &ho"k, b !rhcnhrb snscnhrb fn Krihrhtk,sb$rhj`b fn /hrkfnjtns% &uk cån nrk mho`k fn Kjt9jhb Gbsè Ko"ns \kcbs, fk =krc)ehkEnjtrko, n fn Kcèohk Ekrbohjk <nrnhrk <hjtb, hrcå fn snu !kh%

&nu hrcåb Chotbj \kcbs <hjtb mbh bmhehko fn Ekrtrhb nc Onb!bofhjk% &uk hrcå 1oik\kcbs <hjtb mbh ekskfk ebc b 4r% Kjt9jhb fn 1oh"nhrk Iuhckråns%

+cDohb \kcbs <hjtb eksbu*sn nc 3: ebc \ut` &hunhrk fn =krhk n mbh !kh fn +ozkn FnrcDjhk%

N!>KU +^HCK\5NU )\K!<K" B^'B\" rukJb"k Onb!bofhjk Ebcnék jk ruk 4bc Inrkrfb =nrrnhrk \nhs% =bh jbchjkfk !nok onh jA%@, fn 3M%3L%3@%

4r% +jèks nrk cèfheb, mho`b fb 4r% Fèohb Iuhckråns =rkjék% Jntb !ktnrjb fn +jèksOkenrfk =rkjék kehck ehtkfb n fn 0nrk Iuhckråns% =konenu, khjfk 'b"nc, fn kehfnjtn fnekrrb%

N!>KU OK&N\K )\K!<K" rukEnchtèrhb Ebcnék nc mrnjtn kb !brtåb fb Enchtèrhb n tnrchjk jk ruk &bonhrb% =bhktrk"ès fk onh jA 333, fn :%L@%3NL un !kssbu k fnjbchjkr*sn ruk jnks Okenrfk

=rkjék k njtåb ruk .bk 0hstk%7\nsskotn*sn, kuh, un n(hsthu uck butrk ruk ebc b jbcn fn .bk 0hstk n un sntrkjsmbrcbu jk ktuko ruk Gbåb Jntb%

+jèks fn Okenrfk =rkjék mbh mkrcke-utheb n "hen*!rnmnhtb% =konenu nc 3NL% +rkmho`b fn Ckjbno .rujb 0hkjk =rkjék n Ckrhk Kuiustk \bfrhiuns Okenrfk% Jntb !ktnrjb fnCkjbno 0hkjk n cktnrjb fn Eustfhb fn Okenrfk =nrrnhrk n Kuiustk +scèrhk \bfrhiuns ')ehtkfbs jnstn trk$ko`b% +rk hrcåb fn Fèohb, 1ttb, 1!tktb n 1sckr Okenrfk =rkjék%

Jb fhznr fn C)rhb fn =rnhtks, nc 8Onb!bofhjk fb Cnu /nc!b7, +jèks nrk8mkrcke-utheb, nscnrkfb jk o`kjnzk fb trktb n !nssbk kotkcnjtn ùckjht)rhk7%

Jb snu $ustb, jk !rkék Injnrko 1srhb, nst) uck $bk fnmhjhéåb fnssnonb!bofhjnjsn ‟!nrvhu kbs ùchofns " #$%#&'

N!: OK&N\K UKONU" ruk<rkék fk .kjfnhrk Ohik k ruk Ohjb Ibjéko"ns 6 ruk Gbkuhc Ikrehk fn 1oh"nhrk%

MN




+jY nrk ekskfk ebc <nfrb &kons%

N\KU'B K!'^!NU N BOH(NH\K" ruk<b!uokr K onh jA 2%22N, fn 3%3%LLL, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk 6 "hk !#$ohek fnstk ehfkfnun, jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb <b!uokr, njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk E%

N\&#OHK +^HCK\5NU" ruk=)thck k ebjthjukéåb fk ruk =krcke-utheb 4ur"ko .kstbs, un sniun !krk k kjthike`)ekrk fbs \bfrhiuns%

4bjk +reDohk nrk k cån fbs mkrcke-uthebs Gbkuhc Eustfhb Iuhckråns n <bc!DohbIuhckråns%

NU'NOK O/ N CNOOB" ruk4bjk +uzè$hk Ebcnék jk ruk 4r% 1rcnu Gujunhrk .btno`b n mhjfk jk ruk \k!`kno5njjkeb% k njtrkfk !krk b $khrrb 4bjk +uzè$hk% 1 jbcn bmhehko fnstk ruk surihu ebc konh jA 3%2:, fn 3%LM%:L% 4hz k ehtkfk onh un nstk "hk !#$ohek tnc snu hjDehb jk rukOhjfbomb <hj`nhrb n mhjfk jk ruk \kmkno 5njjkeb%

4bjk +stnok rnshfhk jks !r(hchfkfns fk 5irn'k fb \bs)rhb n mbh ekskfk ebc b&n$ksthåb 8fk &hjinr7, snjfb cån fn Ouhz, Qhzhj`b, +stnok, Ckjbno n +fht`%

NU'N(NU" lkhrrbEbc!rnnjfn !krtn fb un nrk ebj`nehfb ebcb /k$beks bu /k$buhj`k, njtrn bs

ktukhs $khrrbs Ckrhk Iuhckråns =rkjék, <hrhjnus n \bs)rhb% &urihu jk fèekfk fn 3ML%\nen$nu b jbcn nc `bcnjkinc 6 mkcDohk +stn"ns, kjthik !rb!rhnt)rhk fn uck e`)ekrkjb obeko% K$rkjin ks ruks Ebokthjb .kr$bsk fn Ekstrb, 4bc Krhsthfns, +fsbj .kr$bsk\nznjfn, Gbkuhc =urtkfb fn Cnjnzns, Jheboku +stn"ns, &Yo"hb Ckrkj`k n /nbfbohjbCnfnhrbs%

N'NO(H!K )\NH'KU \KCBU" 9hokEnjtrb uck fks "hoks n(hstnjtns jk ruk fks =obrns% inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfk ebcb"hok \kcbs% =bh erhkfk !nok onh jA 33M2, fn L@%3%3@M%

NÔN\ )N\\NH\K !N''B" 6rkék+stn"ns 4hz b !rb'ntb fn onh jA 2^:, fn 3@%L%:, fb "nrnkfbr JkYobr FkronY4bchjiuns, un sn trkjsmbrcbu jk onh jA 3N@M, un nstk !rkék nst) obekohzkfk njtrn ksruks Jheboku +stn"ns n <nfrb Krkjtns% [unr jbs !krnenr un nstk !rkék, !bstnrhbrcnjtn,rnen$nu b jbcn fn Fn$nr &kons%

1 ebrbjno +uonr =nrrnhrk Jntb jksenu nc L@%L%3, nc Onb!bofhjk, nrk b tnrenhrb

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@@




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Eustfhb Iuhckråns, jb oh"rb 8Fhstrhk fk Cnfhehjk nc Onb!bofhjk7, hrcå Ik$rhnoktrk$ko`bu jk Eksk fn Ekrhfkfn Fbs!htko furkjtn 3M kjbs%

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5rcå Ik$rhnok rntbrjbu !krk Onb!bofhjk, bjfn mkonenu n mbh sn!uotkfk jb enchtèrhb Jbssk&nj`brk fb Ekrcb%

+KCK &N\;^NH\K" 6rkékEnjtrb 1mhehkocnjtn nstk !rkék e`kck"k*sn Cnob 0hkjk% <nok onh jA LM, fnL2%3L%3M3, rnen$nu b jbcn fn 4r% Ikck Enrunhrk% <br uc eurtb !nrDbfb kmh(krkc jnokuck !okek hjfhekth"k ebc b jbcn fn Guhz Ikck Enrunhrk% Cks, nok snc!rn mbh ebj`nehfkebcb 8<rkék fb ?ru$u7%

4r% Ekntkjb Kuiustb Ikck Enrunhrk mbh b !rhcnhrb 'uhz fn fhrnhtb fk ebckrek fn

Onb!bofhjk% &uk ksenjf-jehk è rn!ontk fn ohikéþns ebc butrks mkcDohks onb!bofhjnjsns,nc$brk jnc tbfks ehtkfks jnstn trk$ko`b% +rk mho`b fn Ens)rhb Kuiustb fk Ikck n +cDohk

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fk Ikck Enrunhrk, eksko un tn"n tkc$èc bs mho`bs Gbsè Gkju)rhb, =rkjehseb Gkju)rhbn +fukrfb +rjnstb fk Ikck Enrunhrk% &uk ns!bsk e`kck"k*sn Kjk%

Ens)rhb nrk mho`b fn Ekntkjb Gbsè fn Kocnhfk Ikck n Kjk =rkjehsek fk &ho"kOhck% <khs, tkc$èc, fn Ckrhk Eustfhk 0hoks .bks fk Ikck, =rkjehseb fn <kuokGusthjhkjb fk Ikck, Ekrobtk, Ckrhkjk Kuiustk n Ckrhk Ekrobtk fk Ikck% <br suk "nz,nstk Ckrhk Ekrobtk nrk cån fk +cDohk, ekskfk ebc b Ens)rhb, b un jbs hjmbrck un kcån fb jbssb Guhz nrk !rhck fb ckrhfb%

Ekntkjb Gbsè nrk mho`b fn Ckjbno Ibcns 0hoks .bks, jksehfb nc &kjtk CkrhkCkhbr, .krenobs, .rkik, <brtuiko, mkonehfb nc Eksshtnrhtk, CI n fn 5j)ehk [uhtèrhk fkIkck, jksehfk nc 3@3 nc &kerkcnjtb, ?ruiukh, mkonehfk 3@ ckhb 3@@ nc &åb Gbåbfno \nh, CI% +stn eksko mbh !kh tkc$èc fn Kjk Gbsnmk fk Ikck eê Jheboku KjtbjhbJbiunhrk un è fbs Kocnhfks fn .kn!njfhH Ckjbno 5jkehb fn Kocnhfk 0hoks .bks n Ikck,jksehfb nc /hrkfnjtns, eê +cnrnjehkjk +onjk fn &kjtkjkH KjtbjhbH Ckrhk 5j)ehk fn KocnhfkH Ektkrhjk Gbkuhjk fn KocnhfkH Gbsè Ouhz fn Kocnhfk 0hoks .bksH .)r$krk 5j)ehkfn Kocnhfk n 5j)ehk [uhtèrhk fn Kocnhfk%

Ckjbno Ibcns 0hoks .bks nrk mho`b fn Kjtbjhb fn 0hoks .bks n 4bchjiks Ibcns%

5j)ehk [uhtèrhk nrk mho`k fn Ouhz fn Kocnhfk \kcbs n Fnonjk Gbsnmk Ebrr-k fk Ikck% Koèc fn 5j)ehk, nstn eksko fnh(bu bs mho`bs Ekntkjb Gbsè fn Kocnhfk, Ckjbno fn <kh"kCujhz Jntb eê Ouzhk \h$nhrk fn KocnhfkH n, [uhtèrhk 5j)ehk fk Ikck eê snu !krnjtnCkjbno fk Ebstk 0hoks .bks n cån fb !bntk Gbsè .ksDohb fk Ikck%

Ouhz fn Kocnhfk \kcbs nrk mho`b fn Ckjbno fn <kh"k Cujhz n Ckrhk \kcbs fkEbstk% Fnonjk Gbsnmk Ebrrnk fk Ikck nrk mho`k fn Onbjno fk Ikck .noonjs, jkturko fb Konjtn'b, <brtuiko n fn Ckrhk Gbsnmk Ebrr-k, eksko tkc$èc kjenstrko fn butrbsonb!bofhjnjsns !brun th"nrkc bs mho`bs =rkjehsek Gbsnmk Ebrr-k fk IkckH Gbsnmk Kjtbjhk Ebrr-k fk IkckH Kjtbjhk Gbsnmk Ebrr-k fk IkckH /nrnsk Gbsnmk Ebrr-k fkIkckH Gbåb fn Kocnhfk fk Ikck .noonjs n /bcn fk Ikck Ebrr-k

Ckjbno fn <kh"k Cujhz nrk mho`b fn Ckjbno Gbåb Cujhz n Ckrhk fn <kh"k% Ckrhk

\kcbs fk Ebstk nrk mho`k fn .njtb fk Ebstk n Kjk fn Kocnhfk \kcbs% Ckrhk GbsnmkEbrr-k nrk mho`k fn Kjtbjhb =rkjehseb n .kr$krk Ebrr-k% Khjfk sb$rn k !rkék Ikck Enrunhrk, ebjstk un uc fn snus !rhcnhrbs cbrkfbrns

mbh Kjtbhjn ?r$khj On"kssnur% Ksshc mbrkc fnserhtks suks tnrrks jb \nihstrb fn 3:NM ‟(&#) " *jtbjhb *olhjb +nvkssnur `n pbssuhfbr pbr thtuob fn ebcprk fn fnsbhtb koqunhrns fntnrrks pbueb ckhs bu cnjbs, shtks j‘nstk rnunshk fn !åb !nlksthåb fk ./ +nbpbofhjk,eugks tnrrks fnvhfnjsn pbr uc okfb ebc b tnrrnjb fk .hook pbr butrb ebc +uhs 4btno`bkoeåb, pbr butrb ebc ;& <krhk fb Ekrcb <bjtnhrb fn 4krrbs n pbr butrb ebc b ;r& *jtbjhb 5bs6 <bjtnhrb fn 4krrbs .hook +nbpbofhjk fnz fn <kréb fn cho bhtb enjtbs nehjebnjtk n snhs& > .h= 5bs6 </ !boonhrb'

0n'k ckhs sb$rn nstk !rkék, jb htnc 8?ru$u7 jb ek!Dtuob sb$rn bs Kjthibs

Obirkfburbs%

+K\HLKOH &N\;^NH\K" ruk&åb Erhst"åb Ohik ks ruks Chiuno Insukofh n Kjtbjhb Ekrobs fn Kocnhfk \kcbs% &nujbcn mbh bmhehkohzkfb !nok onh jA 3%23@, fn 3%3%3@:%

Ikrh$kofh Enrunhrk =ho`b, ekskfb ebc Jnuzk \nznjfn, såb bs !khs fn O#ehk n+uonr \nznjfn Enrunhrk% +on nrk mho`b fn Ikrh$kofh Enrunhrk, jksehfb nc 3::2 nc.nochrb .rkik n fn Okurk \kcbs jksehfk 3%L:%3:L nc Onb!bofhjk% Jntb !ktnrjb fnGbåb Gbsè Enrunhrk n \htk CkreDrhk% &nus k"s cktnrjbs, Kjt9jhb Gbsè Ko"ns \kcbs n Kcèohk Ekrbohjk <nrnhrk <hjtb, såb ehtkfbs nc butrk !krtn fnstn trk$ko`b !br snrnctkc$èc kjenstrkhs fn +cDohb \kcbs <hjtb%

Ikrh$kofh nrk ebcnrehkjtn jb rkcb fn tnehfbs ebc ob'k jk ruk /hrkfnjtns% =bh,tkc$èc, mujehbj)rhb !#$oheb nstkfuko%

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+N!H LH''N!&B^\' N K\K2$B" T\B)NUUB\K" 6rkék+ofbrkfb K onh jA 2%L@N, fn 3M%L%:, f) nstk fnjbchjkéåb !krk k !rkék obekohzkfknjtrn ks ruks +ohks 0nhik n Krinchrb Kuiustb <hjtb .httnjeburt%

+N!'HO TK&-N&B N CNOB" ruk

=)thck Ebcnék jk ruk Gbjks .kstbs% k skDfk !krk b fhstrhtb fn <rb"hf-jehk%1 jbcn fnssk ruk surihu ebc k onh jA @M, fn %L%3@3 eu'b tn(tb fhz 8=hek

fnjbchjkfk ruk Injtho <ke`neb fn Cnob, k "hk !#$ohek un !krtn fk ruk Gbjks .kstbs n"kh ktè k nstrkfk un f) kenssb kb rnsnr"ktrhb fR)iuk Ekrobs Ckrthjs%7 +stn rnsnr"ktrhb,`b'n fnskth"kfb, mhek"k obib kehck fk hirn'k &åb Gbsè%

Ebjstk un Injtho nrk trkjs!brtkfbr rbfb"h)rhb n rnshfhu, furkjtn cuhtbs kjbs, jkruk un rnen$nu b snu jbcn% +rk ekskfb ebc +chohk fn Cnob n fnh(bu irkjfn !rbon% &ukmho`k Ckrhk fk Ebjenhéåb Cnob <ke`neb nrk ekskfk ebc Gbåb Obe`k, !kDs fn Gbåb0henjtn Obe`k, jbcn fn ruk fk ehfkfn%

+N\KOB KO(NU )N\\NH\K" rukGkrfhc .nok 0hstk =bh ktrk"ès fk onh jA 2%, fn 3%L%LLL, un k "hk kjtnsfnjbchjkfk ruk 3M, jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb, rnen$nu nstn jbcn% +ok nst) shtukfk njtrnks ruks Gbåb Cnjni`htn n Kjfnrsbj <nrnhrk .nok%

+N\KOB &KCTK!K" rukEnjtrb K onh jA L2:, fn L%3%:: fnu nstn jbcn 6 "hk un !krthjfb fk ruk Eno% 1oh"hnr =k'krfb, kb okfb fn tnrrnjbs fn !rb!rhnfkfn fk Onbekr 0nDeuobs, "kh tnrchjkr jk ruk Ke)ehb &nr!k%

Inrkofb Ekc!kjk nrk inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb ebcb Inrkofhjb Ekc!kj`k%5jfustrhko, !bssuDk uck snrrkrhk jb $khrrb fk 1jék, bjfn mk$rhek"k, !rhjeh!kocnjtn,

tkckjebs fn ckfnhrk n "kssburks fn !hkék$k% &uk snrrkrhk, hjhehkocnjtn, mujehbjk"k jknjtrkfk !krk b $khrrb .bk &brtn% <bstnrhbrcnjtn, nstk hjf#strhk mbh trkjsmnrhfk !krk ks!rb(hchfkfns fk hirn'k fn &kjtb Kjtbjhb hirn'hj`k fk 1jék, bjfn mbh ebjstruDfk uck!nunjk "hok fn eksks !krk k$rhikr koiujs fbs snus mujehbj)rhbs%

Jksehfb %3L%333, mho`b fbs htkohkjbs =nohen Kjtbjhb Ekc!kjk n EkrchjkCksshiohk% Ekskfb ebc Ckrhk =bmkjb, jksehfk L%33%332, mho`k fbs tkc$èc htkohkjbsEkrob .kthstk =bmkjb n Kck$hon &tnmkjh% +rk uc fbs njtushkstks fb 'bib fn cko`ks, ncOnb!bofhjk%

K mkcDohk fn Inrkofb !rbenfhk fk !rb"hjehk fn .rnsehk, rnihåb fk Obc$krfhk%

+N\K\B )N\\NH\K \NHU" BC" ruk

Jb"k Onb!bofhjk K onh jA %@:, fn 3M%3L%@, f) nstk fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk !#$ohek fnstkehfkfn un tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk KobDshb &bkrns =k'krfb n mhjfk jk ruk &Do"hb 0hth%Jksenu nc Ko!hj!bohs*CI ,nc L3 fn butu$rb fn 333% +stufbu jb &nchj)rhb fn

Iuk(u!è bjfn ckhs tkrfn mbh \nhtbr% &kirbu*sn .hs!b !noks cåbs fn 4bc 5j)ehb, tkc$ècnc Iuk(u!è*CI% Kb k!bsnjtkr*sn, !br cbth"b fn sk#fn, !kssbu k cbrkr jb Ekrcnob fn&åb Gbsè, nc <kssbs*CI, bjfn mkonenu%

4bc Inrkrfb mbh b sniujfb .hs!b fk 4hbensn fn Onb!bofhjk, jbcnkfb !nob <k!kGbåb TT555% Kssuchu b ekrib nc 3N%3L%3M3%

+N\%!HCB UHO(K" ruk0hok Chrkofk Ebcnék jk ruk Qhj`b Cbrkns% 4hz k onh jA 3%N2, fn L%3L%:3, un o`n fnu

b jbcn un nok è k #jhek trkjs"nrsko fk ruk E;jfhfb Kuiustb 0nobsb%

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+N'BCH\ TN\NH\K LNOOK" ruk0njtkjhk Ebcnék jk !rkék Gbåb .nook% k su$hfk !krk k nstkéåb fn trktkcnjtb fn)iuks fk E1<K&K% \nen$nu nstk fnjbchjkéåb k !krthr fk onh jA 3%@N, fn 3L%3L%3:L,!br hjfhekéåb fb "nrnkfbr Phosbj Gbsè 0konjthc%

=ho`b fn Komrnfb Kuiustb <nrnhrk fk .nook n Kon(kjfrhjk, nrk jntb !ktnrjb fn Kjtbjhb <nrnhrk fk .nook n Fnjrhuntk Ckrhk Cbjtnhrb% Ebjstk un nstn snu k"9 !ktnrjb

!bssuDk uck <kfkrhk nc Onb!bofhjk nc 3:@2%Eksbu*sn L%LN%32 ebc Ckrhk Injn$rk &kjihrbokch, mho`k fbs htkohkjbs Ihb"kjjh

&kjihrbokch n Ihusthjk .brnook, ebc unc tn"n sntn mho`bs%5rcåbs fn Intbchr Kjt9jhk, Gbsè ekskfb ebc /nbjho`k Obc$k, &n$ksthåb ekskfb

ebc &kjthjk &nookjh, Qèohk n Gbåb%0nr mkcDohk nc Kjfnrsbj <nrnhrk fk .nok%

+N'2OHB (K\+KU" k9njhfkEnjtrb * Ohik k !rkék =rkjehseb <hj`nhrb Ebrrnhk fn Okenrfk kb hjDehb fb $khrrb fk "hokChrkofk, !ksskjfb !nobs $khrrbs fk =)$rhek, Gkrfhc Ohs$bk n <rkék fk .kjfnhrk%

Ktè k fèekfk fn 3ML nrk b onhtb fk nstrkfk \hb*.k`hk% Jnssk è!bek, ukjfb mbhnjtrniun 6 !rnmnhturk, snu ek!nkcnjtb ksm)otheb mbh su$sthtuDfb !br !krkonon!D!nfbs% Jnokmhek"kc ks !rhjeh!khs bmhehjks cne;jheks n bs cno brns $krns n rnstkurkjtns un

ktnjfhkc kbs "hk'kjtns un trkjshtk"kc !nok rbfb"hk% Koh, tkc$èc, jk nsuhjk fk ruk.njnfhtb 0kokfkrns, mujehbjk"k k snfn fb 4n!krtkcnjtb Jkehbjko fn +strkfks fn\bfkinc 4J+\%

Int#ohb 4brjnoons 0kriks, n(*!rnshfnjtn fb .rksho, jksenu nc &åb .br'k \&, nc3%L%3::2% =ho`b fb injnrko Ckjuno Jksehcnjtb 0kriks% Ebjeouhu b snu eursb su!nrhbr jk mkeuofkfn fn 4hrnhtb fn <brtb Konirn, bjfn e`nibu k snr !rbcbtbr !#$oheb% Kf"bibu nc&åb .br'k n, nc 3L, noninu*sn fn!utkfb nstkfuko n, nc 33@, fn!utkfb mnfnrko !nob\hb Irkjfn fb &uo% =bh chjhstrb fk mkznjfk fb !rnshfnjtn Pks`hjitbj OuDs n ib"nrjkfbr fb \hb Irkjfn fb &uo% +c 32L e`nik 6 !rnshf-jehk fk rn!#$ohek% 5jstkok b +stkfb Jb"bn hjhehk irkjfns cufkjéks jb !kDs% 4n!bstb, rntbrjk kb snu nstkfb jktko bjfn è nonhtbsnjkfbr% +c 3NL rnkssucn k !rnshf-jehk fb !kDs n, k %L:%3N è on"kfb kb suheDfhb%

\nihstrn*sn un b !rnshfnjtn Int#ohb 0kriks "hshtbu Onb!bofhjk nc %3L%32,ukjfb fk hjkuiurkéåb fn uc trne`b fk nstrkfk \hb*.k`hk%

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+HOK" 9hok<rkék fk .kjfnhrk =hek jb hjDehb fk ruk +cDohk On"kssnur \be`k% Fb'n, è uck sèrhn fneksks inchjkfks n, kb un !krnen, k$kjfbjkfks% K nstk "hok sn rnmnrn k onh jA :3, fn:%LN%3M2, un f) jbcn fn 8<rbmnssbr Gbsè Ohjtz 6 "hk !#$ohek, snc fnjbchjkéåb, unohik k ruk L2 fn 'uj`b 6 "hok Ihofk7%

&niujfb kjthibs cbrkfbrns fn Onb!bofhjk, nstk "hok mbh ebjstruDfk !br \k!`kno5njjkeb un, 'ujtb ebc Gurkeh Insukofh, mbrkc bs !khs fn Ihofk%

+B!<KO(NU !N''B" ruk[uhjtk \nshf-jehk Ohik k ruk Kjtbjhb =nrjkjfns 0konjthc 6 k"njhfk Gnù <hjtb fn=krhk% \nen$nu nstn jbcn !nok onh jA 3%NM, fn 3N%LM%3:, fb "nrnkfbr Phosbj 0konjthc%

uck `bcnjkinc 6 mkcDohk fn Cbzkrt Ibjéko"ns Jnttb% <kh n(nc!okr n !nssbkunrhfk jb $khrrb fk [uhjtk \nshf-jehk, bjfn snc!rn rnshfhu, Cbzkrt sn fhsthjiuhk,tkc$èc, !nob irkjfn !rkznr nc snr"hr kb !r(hcb, sniujfb ebjstk jk 'usthmhekth"k fb!rb'ntb fn onh% Jksenu k fn k$rho fn 3:M, mho`b fn <nfrb Ibjéko"ns Jntb n Kjk+scèrhk fn Kocnhfk, jntb !ktnrjb fn Gbåb Ibjéko"ns Jntb n Ckrhkjk =okuzhjk fn Kocnhfk n jntb cktnrjb fn Gbåb \bfrhiuns =nrrnhrk .rhtb n Cnsshks +scèrhk fn Kocnhfk%&nu k"9 !ktnrjb, Gbåb, è b !hbjnhrb fk mkcDohk, nc Onb!bofhjk% K k" !ktnrjk, Ckrhkjk,nrk mho`k fn Ckjbno Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk n \htk +scèrhk fn Gnsus% 1 k"9 cktnrjb, Gbåb\bfrhiuns =nrrnhrk .rhtb, nrk mho`b fn .njtb \bfrhiuns Ibcns n Kjk Gbkuhjk fn Gnsus% Kk" cktnrjk, Cnsshks, nrk mho`k fb cnscb Ckjbno Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk n \htk +scèrhk fnGnsus% +rk ekskfb ebc Ekrcnj, mho`k fn Gbåb fn 0kriks Jntb n +jnfhjk K!bohj)rhk fn&buzk, jntk !ktnrjk fn Gbåb 5zhfbrb Ibjéko"ns Jntb n Erhsthjk fn 0kriks Ebrr-k, jntkcktnrjk fn =rkjehseb Ko"ns fn &buzk Iunrrk n =rkjehsek K!bohj)rhk fn &buzk Ohck nfnh(bu, sniujfb hjmbrckéåb fn Ckurb fn Kocnhfk <nrnhrk, bs mho`bs Iorhk, Gbåb <nfrbeê Ckrhk Cbrkns, Gbsè 4kreY eê Ckrhk Ku(hohkfbrk Kocnhfk, Jkjtb eê Ckrhk fn Oburfns

\bfrhiuns n &hssbj eê Ckrhk fn Oburfns fn &buzk%+\K<KU" !BUUK UN!-B\K KU" 9hok4bjk +uzè$hk =hek jk ruk Ohjfbomb <hj`nhrb% K onh jA L2, fn %33%::, f)fnjbchjkéåb fn "hok kb obirkfburb !#$oheb fk ehfkfn un mhek !nr!njfheuokr 6 ruk Ohjfbomb<hj`nhrb%

+\KCK" lkhrrb1 $khrrb fk Irkck, un jb fhznr fn .krrbsb G#jhbr è k jbssk &kjtk /nrnsk $khrrb

rnshfnjehko n k!rkzD"no fb \hb fn Gkjnhrb, è `b'n mbrckfb !nok kjthik ruk fk Irkck ntbfks ks butrks un n(hsthkc n ks un mbrkc surihjfb jks tnrrks fk kjthik mkznjfk fk

Irkck, njtrn k !rkék <rbmnssbr Wjinob, b !krun =èoh( Ckrthjs n k ruk 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho% K mkznjfk fk Irkck !nrtnjenu kb komnrns .nrjkrfb Gbsè fk =bjsnek n, sniujfb

ebjstk, jb !bjtb fn njebjtrb fnok ebc ks mkznjfks, fb 4nsnjikjb, fk Eke`bnhrk n fk1jék, tnrhk surihfb k ehfkfn%

1 okrib fk Irkck, kb uko sn rnmnrn jb Kockjkun fn 3::@, è k ktuko !rkék<rbmnssbr Wjinob%

.nrjkrfb Gbsè fk =bjsnek mbh uc fbs kfuhrnjtns fn !krtn fks snsckrhksebjenfhfks kbs <hj`nhrb fn Okenrfk% =bh ekskfb ebc Kjk fn &buzk, hrcå fn =rkjehseb n\bcåb <hj`nhrb Ebrr-k fn Okenrfk% =konenu kjtns fn 3:NM n suks tnrrks mbrkc fh"hfhfksnjtrn bs mho`bs n "njfhfks k fh"nrsbs kjthibs cbrkfbrns% <krtn fnoks !nrtnjenu k Gbåb

Iuko$nrtb =nrrnhrk .rhtb un fn suk !rb!rhnfkfn mnz fbkéåb kb !ktrhc9jhb fn &åb&n$ksthåb% Kernfhtb un nstk !krtn nstkrhk obekohzkfk bjfn `b'n n(hstn k \uk Oueks

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Kuiustb, fkD k hjmbrckéåb khjfk jåb ebjmhrckfk fn un Gbåb Iuko$nrtb rnshfhu jk ekskun `b'n è k <rnmnhturk%

=ho`bs fn .nrjkrfb Gbsè n Kjk fn &buzk un "h"nrkc nc Onb!bofhjk n mbrkckjthibs cbrkfbrns fb ktuko $khrrb fk Irkck Bo"krb Gbsè fk =bjsnekH Gbåb +"kjinohstkfn &buzkH ?r$kjb =bjsnekH =nohs$hjkH +"-jehb Gbsè =k$rDehb fk =bjsnekH .ko$hjb GbsèH&n"nrb Gbsè Ikofhjb fk =bjsnekH Ckrhk GbkuhjkH n, Ikohkjb

<krnen*jbs un b #jheb fnstns mho`bs un n(nrenu koiuck kth"hfkfn !#$ohek jkehfkfn mbh &n"nrb Gbsè Ikofhjb fk =bjsnek un, nc !rhcnhrks j#!ehks, eksbu*sn ebc KjkEustfhk /nrnzk fn Gnsus, ebc unc tn"n bs mho`bs Gbåb n Gbsè Ibjéko"ns fk =bjsnek,\htk Eustfhk Jntb eê =rkjehseb Gbsè fn Okenrfk, Gbkuhc n Ckrhk Eustfhk fn Gnsuseê 5j)ehb \bfrhiuns fk &ho"k% 4n snu sniujfb ekskcnjtb, ebc Ckrhk Onb!bofhjk Onko,&n"nrb mbh !kh fn Qnmnrhjk Onko fk =bjsnek%

0nr ruk fk Irkck, nc Kjthibs Obirkfburbs%

+^HO-N\CN N BOH(NH\K" CB!UN!-B\" ruk<nfrb .rhtb Jnttb K fnjbchjkéåb fk "hk un jb ck!k fb $khrrb <nfrb .rhttb Jntb

njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk K, bebrrnu ktrk"ès fk onh jA ::, fn L%LM%M% + fhz konh un nstk ruk tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk Gbsè \bfrhiuns PnrjneV n mhjfk jk fh"hsk fbrnmnrhfb $khrrb%

[ukjtb kb `bcnjkinkfb sk$ncbs un jksenu nc Eke`bnhrb Konirn, fhstrhtb fn<kock CI, jb fhk L2%33%33M n mkonenu nc L3%L%3N% +stufbu jb snchj)rhb fnCkrhkjk n brfnjbu*sn !kfrn, nc 3@, jk ektnfrko fn Onb!bofhjk% +(nrenu ks mujéþns fnrnhtbr fb snchj)rhb Jbssk &nj`brk K!krnehfk, nc Onb!bofhjkH e`kjenonr fb $hs!kfbHe9jnib, ek!noåb fb Kshob &kjtb Kjtbjhb n kfchjhstrkfbr fhbenskjb% =bh nfuekfbr fn")rhks inrkéþns fn nstufkjtns onb!bofhjnjsns% 4n 23%L3% k 33%33%@, mbh b fhrntbr fbEboèihb +stkfuko <rbmnssbr .btno`b \nhs Ihj)shb%

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4bhs !bjtbs fn rnmnr-jehk fnstk ruk nrkc b $kr Iktb <rntb, jk nsuhjk fk k"njhfkInt#ohb 0kriks n k !kfkrhk Ckrhjb, jk nsuhjk ebc k !rkék fk .kjfnhrk%

Iustk"b mbh mkznjfnhrb n rnshfhu juck e`)ekrk un n(hsthu bjfn nst) `b'n b $khrrbGkrfhc Ohs$bk%

+Û'K(B CB!'NH\B N &KU'\B" T\B)NUUB\" ruk<hrhjnus Ohik k !rkék Ikck Enrunhrk 6 !rkék KoD!hb Kssujéåb% k su$hfk fbs<hrhjnus% Jb !ksskfb nrk ebj`nehfk ebcb okfnhrk bu, ruk fbs <hrhjnus% <nok onh jA MM, fnN%L@%3M:, k kjthik ruk fbs <hrhjnus tn"n cbfhmhekfk k suk fnjbchjkéåb !ksskjfb ke`kckr*sn ruk <rbmnssbr Iustk"b Cbjtnhrb fn Ekstrb%

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1 !rbmnssbr Iustk"b onehbjbu jb Ihj)shb Onb!bofhjnjsn n rnshfhu !r(hcb kb hjDehbfk ruk un on"k b snu jbcn% =bh ekskfb ebc k !rbmnssbrk Ebjenhéåb &bkrns Cbjtnhrb fnEkstrb, tkc$èc jbcn fn ruk fk ehfkfn%

-K\BOB $BU> LKU'BU )\NH\N" T\B)NUUB\" ruk=)thck Ohik k ruk =krcke-utheb 4ur"ko .kstbs 6 ruk Injtho <ke`neb fn Cnob% K onh jA :M:, fn %L3%3@2 fhz un 8=hek fnjbchjkfk &åb 0henjtn fn <kuob k

trk"nssk un ohikr) k ruk 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho 6 ruk Gbjks .kstbs, jnstk ehfkfn%7 Ebcnstks hjmbrckéþns !bfn*sn ebjeouhr un sn trktk fk ktuko ruk <rbmnssbr Fkrbofb G% .%=rnhrn%

1ebrrn un k onh jA :, fn 3N%LN%3@2, un fnu nstn jbcn 6 ruk, tkc$èc fhz unè uck 8"hk !#$ohek un ujn ks ruks 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho 6 ruk Gbjks .kstbs, jb $khrrb fn=)thck7, snc mkznr ukounr rnmnr-jehk kb jbcn kjtnrhbr 8&åb 0henjtn fn <kuob7%

Jnstk ruk, bjfn nståb `b'n ks hjstkokéþns fk hjf#strhk Jb"k Kcèrhek /nehfbs,mujehbjk"k uck m)$rhek fn fbens, ktè k fèekfk fn 3ML% 4n!bhs, jb obeko, mujehbjbu b

EbtbjhmDehb, un mk$rhek"k mhb fn koibfåb !krk tnenokinc%[ukjtb kb `bcnjkinkfb, b <rbmnssbr Fkrbofb, sk$n*sn onehbjk"k ebjtk$hohfkfn n

!r)thek nc c)uhjks fn fkthobirkmhk, jk suk nsebok !krtheuokr fnjbchjkfk 80hriDohb.kstbs7, un mujehbjk"k jk ruk Ik$rhno Ckiko`åns, jks !rb(hchfkfns fk !rkék fbIhj)shb%

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4r% Fkrbofb nrk kf"bikfb, mho`b fn Krtùr Ckrkj`k, tkc$èc jbcn fn ruk jk ehfkfnn, !krtheh!bu fk !boDthek onb!bofhjnjsn tnjfb shfb nonhtb "nrnkfbr nc 3MM% =bh "nrnkfbr n!rnshfnjtn fk e;ckrk n !rnshfhu b +s!brtn Eou$n \h$nhrb Gujunhrk%

0nr mkcDohk nc Krtùr Ckrkj`k%

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Fn$nr mbh ebcnrehkjtn jb rkcb fn cktnrhko fn ebjstruéåb juck sbehnfkfn ebc bhrcåb Eon$nr Eksk &kons, eu'k ob'k mujehbjk"k jk !rkék fb \bs)rhb% Fnrfkrkc bebcèrehb bs snus mho`bs, un b kc!ohkrkc k$rhjfb mhohkhs jbs $khrrbs 0njtkjhk n .nok 0hstk%

0nr Eoè$nr <nrnhrk &kons%

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-NH'B\ \HLNH\B +^NNU" rukGbåb <kuob 55 4njbchjk*sn Fnhtbr \h$nhrb Iunfns k "hk un jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtbGbåb <kuob 55, ebjstk"k ebcb ruk K% /nc snu hjDehb jk ruk <kfrn Gbsè 4bchjiuns Ibcnsn mhjfk jk ruk Jnosbj Cbjtnhrb% \nen$nu nstn jbcn !nok onh jA 3%@L3, fn L3%33%:, eu'b!rb'ntb è fn kutbrhk fb "nrnkfbr \bun Cke)rhb .rkz &e`nthjb%

Fnhtbr \h$nhrb Iunfns, mho b fn Oueks +"kjinohstk Iunfns n Kcèohk \h$nhrb

Iunfns, jksenu nc 23^3L^33 n mkonenu nc 3^3L^3@L% Eksbu*sn ebc 5skothjk \njj nfnssk ujhåb fnh(bu b mho`b .njnfhtb \njj Iunfns, n( "nrnkfbr n fn!utkfb nstkfuko%0nhb !krk Onb!bofhjk nc 3N3 bjfn !rnstbu rnon"kjtns snr"hébs jk Ebontbrhk +stkfukoktè b kjb fn 3M@% &niujfb kjthibs cbrkfbrns fn Onb!bofhjk, Fnhtbr nrk ebcnrehkjtn jkruk Ebtnih!n, fhstrh$uhfbr fn i)s fn ebzhj`k%

-NOLN\ TN\B N ;^NH\3U" UK\+N!'B" ruk4bjk +uzè$hk +stk ruk rnen$nu suk fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko !nok onh j 2%2:3, fn3L%3%LL3%

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-NON!K $^!;^NH\K LKU'BU" ruk=)$rhek Ebcnék jk ruk 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho, !r(hcb 6 !rkék Krhsthfns .kfkr% +rkuc fbs $nebs fk =)$rhek%

K onh @3N, fn L%L%3@L, fhz un 8mhek fnjbchjkfk ruk Fnonjk Gujunhrk .kstbs, k"hk !#$ohek jnstk ehfkfn, khjfk snc fnjbchjkéåb, un !krtn fk ruk 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho,jk koturk fb j%A 2 n sniun nc fhrnéåb kb errnib =nh'åb Eru7%

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k "hk un, !krthjfb fk .\*33M, kb okfb fb 54KO 5jsthtutb fn 4nsnj"bo"hcnjtb fb Kfbonsenjtn Onb!bofhjnjsn, f) kenssb kb !krun mobrnstko%

->OHB +^HCK\5NU )\K!<K" B^'B\" rukJb"k Onb!bofhjk Ebcnék jk ruk 4bc Inrkrfb =nrrnhrk \nhs% \nen$nu nstkfnjbchjkéåb k !krthr fk onh jA %@M, fn 3M%3L%3@%

4r% Fèohb nrk mho`b fn +jèks Okenrfk =rkjék n 0nrk Iuhckråns n jntb !ktnrjb fnCkjbno .rujb 0hkjk =rkjék% &uk mkcDohk mbh `bcnjkinkfk nc fh"nrsbs obirkfburbs fkehfkfn% +rk eoDjheb inrko n ekrfhbobihstk% Jk !boDthek, !nrtnjehk kb <krthfb \n!u$ohekjb<\, fn b!bshéåb kbs !boDthebs obekhs%

0nr mkcDohk nc +jèks Okenrfk =rkjék%

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-NO(>&HB" BC" 6rkékEktnfrko =hek kb okfb fk hirn'k cktrhz% Jnok nst) b Eboèihb 5ckeuokfk Ebjenhéåb n b<ko)ehb +!hseb!ko%

Fno"èehb Ibcns fn 1oh"nhrk nrk b kren$hs!b fn Ckrhkjk ukjfb mbh erhkfk k4hbensn fn Onb!bofhjk, nc 3%

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-N\&#OHB KOCNHK OHCK" ruk&åb Erhst"åb Ohik k ruk 4r% Eo"hs &koikfb Ikck 6 ruk Jhe)ehb &kons% \nen$nu nstnjbcn ktrk"ès fk onh jA 3%, fn %L%3@:, fb "nrnkfbr Kf)"hb <hrns fn Kocnhfk%

FnreDohb jksenu nc N%LN%3:@ n mkonenu nc 3@:% +rk mho`b fn =rkjehseb\bfrhiuns fn Kocnhfk n 4hbjDshk fn Cbrkns Ohck% Eksbu*sn ebc 5rkenck Cke`kfbIbu"-k j%3%L:%3L: n fnh(bu uc mho`b, Gbsè Kjtbjhb fn Kocnhfk eê Ckrhk E;jfhfkGnjfhrb$k% +rk ebcnrehkjtn n mhebu ebj`nehfb ebcb 8Cbrkns7, k!nohfb `nrfkfb fk mkcDohkfn suk cån%

Ebcb fhssncbs jbutrbs "nr$ntns, =rkjehseb \bfrhiuns fn Kocnhfk nrk mho`b fbGbåb \bfrhiuns =nrrnhrk .rhtb n fk Cnsshks +scèrhk fn Kocnhfk, jntb !ktnrjb fn .njtb

\bfrhiuns Ibcns n Kjk Gbkuhjk fn Gnsus n jntb cktnrjb fn Ckjbno Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk n \htk +scèrhk fn Gnsus%

-HOK CK\HK )B\'NU" ruk&åb Erhst"åb Ebcnék jk ruk 1ckr \nsnjfn <nrns% +stn jbcn surihu ebc k onh jAN, fn 3%3L%3L%

=ho`k fn =rkjehseb .kr$bsk fn 1oh"nhrk n Irkzhnok Ckrhk, 4bjk Fhofk jksenu nc<kock !br "botk fn 3@ n mkonenu nc Onb!bofhjk k 3%L%3:%

-B!3\HB OK&N\K )HO-B" ruk5c!nrkfbr Ebcnék jk ruk <rbmnssbrk Qhzhj`k \nsnjfn n tnrchjk jk ruk <rbmnssbr

Kozhrb fn Kzn"nfb Ekr"ko`b% K onh un jbcnbu nstk ruk è k fn jA 23:3, fktkfk fn3%3L%3%Fbjrhb, juck sbehnfkfn ebc snu hrcåb &n$ksthåb Biuhfb Okenrfk, mbh

ebcnrehkjtn su!nrcnrekfb Okenrfåb jk ehfkfn furkjtn !rkthekcnjtn tbfk k suk "hfk%+rk uck !nssbk konirn n snc!rn fhs!bstk k bu"hr% +rk ekskfb ebc QnoY Okfnhrk Okenrfkn fnh(bu bs mho`bs Fbjrhb Fnjrhun Okfnhrk Okenrfk, &9jhk Okenrfk Gujunhrk, KofkO#ehk Okenrfk Okcbiohk, Gbåb C)rehb Okfnhrk Okenrfk n 0koèrhk Okfnhrk Okenrfk%

-B!3\HB \B\H+^NU OK&N\K" ruk<rkék fk .kjfnhrk Ebcnék jk ruk Gbkuhc Curthj`b% 1 jbcn fnstk ruk surihu ebc konh jA MNN, fn 23%L@%3M:, un fnu fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk Fbjrhb \bfrhiuns Okenrfk kb

obirkfburb !#$oheb un !krtn fk ruk Gbkuhc Curthj`b n "kh 6 ruk !rb'ntkfk, nc!rbobjikcnjtb fk ruk 4ur"ko .kstbs% +stk ruk !kssk !nobs mujfbs fk su$nstkéåb fk Ehk=brék n Ouz%

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+stn jbcn è uck `bcnjkinc kb !kh fn fbhs irkjfns ebcnrehkjtns fk ehfkfnFbjrhb Okenrfk =ho`b n &n$ksthåb Biuhfb Okenrfk, erhkfbrns fb su!nrcnrekfb Okenrfåb%

-^CLN\'B N KON!&K\ &KU'NOB L\K!&B" CK\N&-KO" k9njhfk0njtkjhk b kjthib onhtb fk \hb*.k`hk, k !krthr fb mhjko fk k"njhfk Int#ohb 0kriks, ktèk !rkék Gbåb .nook% Kjthikcnjtn nrk ebj`nehfk ebcb 8su$hfk fk 0njtkjhk7%

K jb"k fnjbchjkéåb fnstk k"njhfk "nhb ebc k onh jA , fn 3@%3L%3@2, eu'b tn(tbè b sniuhjtn 84) fnjbchjkéåb fn k"njhfk Ckrne`ko Fuc$nrtb fn Konjekr Ekstnob.rkjeb kb trne`b fk k"njhfk Int#ohb 0kriks un "kh fk $hmurekéåb fk \hb .k`hk, ktè k!rkék Gbåb .nook%7

Ekstnob .rkjeb jksenu nc Cnen'kjk E+, kb L%L%3LL n mkonenu ncL%L@%3M@, "Dthck fn uc kehfnjtn fn k"håb% =bh b "hièshcb uhjtb !rnshfnjtn fk rn!#$ohekn b !rhcnhrb k beu!kr b ekrib k!s b cb"hcnjtb fn 3M% =ho`b fn chohtkr, ebcnébu snusnstufbs nc suk tnrrk jktko cks obib trkjsmnrhu*sn !krk b \hb Irkjfn fb &uo, ncebc!kj`hk fk mkcDohk% <krtheh!bu fk &niujfk Iunrrk Cujfhko% =bh e`nmn fb +stkfb Ckhbr fks =bréks Krckfks jb ib"nrjb Gbåb Ibuokrt% +c 3N%L%3M mbh nsebo`hfb !rnshfnjtn

fk rn!#$ohek !nobs oDfnrns fb cb"hcnjtb rn"bouehbj)rhb un fnrru$bu Ibuokrt% =nz ucib"nrjb kustnrb n cbrkohzkfbr%

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Jksehfk nc Cbe`kc$bc$k, Kje`hntk, \hb fn Gkjnhrb kbs fn jb"nc$rb fn 3::2,mkonenu nc Onb!bofhjk kbs 2L fn 'kjnhrb fn 3M@% =bh ekskfk ebc \kmkno 4bchjiuns,

`bcnjkinkfb nc obirkfburb fb $khrrb =)$rhek% 1 eksko rnshfhu jk !rkék Injnrko 1srhb%+ok nrk mho`k fn Gbsè Ibjéko"ns Ibcns n fn Kc$rbshjk Jkrehsk /nh(nhrk n fnh(bu njbrcnfnsenjf-jehk%

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4bjk 5nrne- nrk ns!bsk fb 4r% Gbsè .kstbs fn =krhk =rnhrn n cån fb n(*!rnmnhtb 4r%C)rehb Euj`k =rnhrn% <nrtnjehk 6 trkfhehbjko mkcDohk 0ksebjenobs Euj`k fn Krihrhtk% 0nr mkcDohk fn snu ckrhfb nc Bo"krb .kstbs =krhk =rnhrn%

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tnrrnjb fn Kjt9jhb Gbrin \kcbs fn 1oh"nhrk%

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3




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<nob un !ufncbs b$snr"kr jb oh"rb 2, fn ktks fn nonhéåb fn 'uhz fn !kz n"nrnkfbr nc Onb!bofhjk, !nrDbfb 3:M: k 3:@, Gbåb Iuko$nrtb nrk fbs ckhs hjmounjtnscnc$rbs fb <krthfb Ebjsnr"kfbr% <br bekshåb fk ukohmhekéåb fn nonhtbrns fn 3:@2 èeoksshmhekfb njtrn bs cbrkfbrns fn ckhbr rnjfk fk ehfkfn% +c 3:@N k!krnen njtrn bsmkznjfnhrbs fn ekmè fn Onb!bofhjk%

&niujfb k !u$ohekéåb 8\btnhrb /urDstheb fn Onb!bofhjk7, Gbåb Iuko$nrtb rnshfhu jb

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$B5B $BU> CB!'NH\B" ruk<hrhjnus K onh jA %N, fn 3%LM%@, f) fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk !#$ohek un tnc snu hjDehbjk ruk E;jfhfb Okfnhrk n mhjfk !r(hcb 6 ruk Onbjbr .k`hk%

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n mhjfk jk ruk Gbsè <nrns, rnen$nu nstn jbcn% b okfb fk !rkék =èoh( Ckrthjs bjfn nst)b =bruc%




Jk !nsuhsk rnkohzkfk mbh njebjtrkfb uc Ihb"kjjh Okckrek, ekskfb ebc \bskohjk&e`ntthjh, !khs fn Ckekrhb Okckrek jksehfb L2%3%3:@2 jb ebcujn fn Ckrktnk, !rb"Djehkfn <btnjzk, rnihåb fk .kshohektk% Kernfhtkcbs un nstn eksko è ksenjfnjtn fbsmujfkfbrns fb Fbtno Okckrek% Ckekrhb fneokrbu, nc 3, un nrk ebcnrehkjtn%

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Gbåb Cnjni`htn mbh ebjstrutbr, nc!rnhtnhrb n cnstrn fn b$rks rns!nhtkfb% +rk !kh fnOuhz 1t)"hb, rns!bjs)"no !nok Ikzntk fn Onb!bofhjk%

0nr ckhs sb$rn k mkcDohk, nc Ekrobs Ouz Cnjni`htn%

$B5B !N'B" rukEnjtrb * Jb !ksskfb nstk ruk nrk ebj`nehfk ebcb .bk 0hstk% Ebcnék jb hjDehb fk ruk

fks =obrns n tnrchjk jk !rkék <rbmnssbr Wjinob% k su$hfk !krk b Iru!b Jb"b, ekchj`bun b cnjhjb "hjfb fb $khrrb fk 1jék trho`k"k !krk k!rnjfnr ks !rhcnhrks ontrks% Kohmhek"kc ks "njfks fb +ohks 0nhik, fb Ohjibrfb, b $btnuhc fbs hrcåbs Gbsè n Gbåb\bfrhiuns fn Kjfrkfn n k sk!ktkrhk fb \njktb% Jk nsuhjk ebc k ruk fks =obrns, ncmrnjtn kb krckzèc fb Gbkuhc Ikrehk fn 1oh"nhrk, mhek"k b ek"kob, kiukrfkjfb b mhjko fkkuok n b rntbrjb kb sDthb <urhs 1jék%

K Ikzntk fn Onstn, fn 33%3L%3:L fhz un b bhtk"b ukrtnhråb nrk mbrckfb !nok rukfks =obrns ktè k ruk fk .bk 0hstk n !br nstk, ktrk"nssk"k k !bjtn ktè b Kotb fk 0njtkjhk%

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Gbåb Ibjéko"ns Jntb nrk injrb fn Ckjbno Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk, ekskfb ebc

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3:M mbh nonhtb "nrnkfbr, nc 3:MN mbh rnnonhtb "nrnkfbr, nc 3:M: mbh nonhtb A 'uhz fn !kz%

2




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/n$ks, jk fh"hsk ebc b cujheD!hb fn Krihrhtk n b fhstrhtb fn <hkektu$k%&nu !kh jksenu nc [unouz, mho`b fn Kjtbjhb Gbsè .kr$bsk n Kjk Ekchok% &uk cån

nrk mho`k fn 4bchjibs Ibjéko"ns Ebrr-k n Ckrhkjk Kjièohek fn &åb Gbsè% =nohehkjb nOuhzk ekskrkc*sn nc [unouz jb fhk 3@ fn mn"nrnhrb fn 3:3 n koh rnshfhrkc ktè 3:@%/rkjsmnrhu*sn !krk b \hb <krfb, ktuko Krihrhtk jb mhjko fk fèekfk fn L fbs bhtbenjtbs,tnjfb kfuhrhfb tnrrks kb suo fk ktuko )rnk ur$kjk fkunon cujheD!hb, obekohfkfn njtåbebj`nehfk !br /h'ueko%

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\nsnjfn Cbjtns, mho`k fn Gbsè fn \nsnjfn Cbjtns n /nrnsk Gbkuhjk fn GnsusH 1oD"hbGbsè .kr$bsk nrk ekskfb ebc ?c$nohjk Kckrb fn Cbrkns, mho`k fn Komrnfb Eèskr 0hnhrkfk &ho"k n .ko$hjk Kuiustk, !br nstk jntk fn Gbsè 0htko fn Cbrkns n ?c$nohjk Eksshkjbfb EkrcbH .nohz)rhb Gbsè .kr$bsk mbh ekskfb ebc Qnjnhfk Un$ Uk$H n, =nohehkjb Gbsè.kr$bsk, jntb, ekskfb ebc Jnoshjk Kuiustb \bfrhiuns, mho k fn <kuohjb Kuiustb\bfrhiuns n ?c$nohjk E;jfhfk Ibu"-k, jntk n $hsjntk fbs cnscbs Gbsè 0htko fn Cbrknsn ?c$nohjk Eksshkjb fb Ekrcb kehck ehtkfbs%

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&nu jbcn surihu ebc k onh jA 3%2:, fn 3%3%@:, fn kutbrhk fb "nrnkfbr +oY\bfrhiuns Jnttb% Ko$hjb Ouehkjh jksenu k 3@%3L%33 nc Ekjkon 4RKibrfb, !rb"hjehk fn .nooujb,

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obekohzkfb b EK5E, jbs mujfbs fk Ebb!nrkth"k fbs <rbfutbrns fn Onhtn fn Onb!bofhjk% K$rkjin ks ruks Fnhtbr \h$nhrb Iunfns, 5rcå Ik$rhnok, Oburnjéb 5njjkeb%

b #jheb eksb fn `bcnjkinc k uck !nssbk "h"k%Ukrbo Gbsnm Pb'tYok jksenu nc Pkfb_hen, k NL Vc fk Erke"hk, <bo9jhk, jb fhk 3:

fn ckhb fn 3L% 5jsern"nu*sn jk ?jh"nrshfkfn fn Erke"hk nc 32: bjfn !nrckjnenu!br !bueb tnc!b nc "hrtufn fn ks mbréks fn beu!kéåb jkzhstk tnrnc mne`kfb k?jh"nrshfkfn nc 32% Jb !nrDbfb sniuhjtn b 'b"nc Ukrbo trk$ko`bu juck hjf#strhkuDchek% +c 3 njtrbu !krk b snchj)rhb n brfnjbu*sn skenrfbtn nc 3M nc Erke"hk%

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Gbåb nrk jntb !ktnrjb fn Ckjbno fn Kjfrkfn Jntb, mho`b fn Ckjbno Kjfrkfn1oh"nhrk n \htk /nrnzk fn Gnsus n fn 5ij)ehk 0hriDjhk fk Ebjenhéåb, mho`k fn Gbåb\bfrhiuns fk &ho"k n Ckrhkjk Eustfhk fn Cbrkns% Jntb cktnrjb fn Gbsè 0htko fn 1oh"nhrkn Ckrhkjk Eustfhk fn Cbrkns, snjfb un nstk nrk jntk fk `bc9jhck kehck ehtkfk% Gbsè0htko fn 1oh"nhrk nrk mho`b fn Ouhz Gbsè Ibjzkik fn Ibu"-k n Ckrhk Ekrbohjk fn Cbrkns%

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$B5B (H&N!'N OB&-K" ruk

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=ho`b fn Gbåb Obe`k n Ckrhk fk Ebjenhéåb Cnob <ke`neb, jntb fb Injtho <ke`neb ') cnjehbjkfb%

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+jtrn nstk !rkék n k Injnrko 1srhb nriuhk*sn k nstkéåb mnrrb"h)rhk un, sniujfb

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N




Kjinob Ihusn!!n, b !k!k Gbåb TT555, jksenu k N%33%3::3 nc &bttb ho Cbjtn,!rb"Djehk fn .nrikcb, rnihåb fk Obc$krfhk, 5tkohk% 1rfnjbu*sn nc 3:@ n nc 3N2 mbhjbcnkfb Ekrfnko% +onhtb !k!k k :%3L%3:N:, mkonenu L2%LM%3M2%

$BK;^HC &=!HB )H+^NH\NB" ruk

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4r% Gbkuhc E% Iuhckråns jksenu nc Onb!bofhjk jb fhk 3 fn fnznc$rb fn 33,

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M




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$BK;^HC )N\\NH\K L\H'B" ruk

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Jksehfb jb fhk @ fn k$rho fn 3@@ nc Khurubek, Gbkuhc nrk mho`b fb !brtuiu-s

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$BL )H+^NH\NB" ruk

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Gbsè Iuhckråns nrk fnjthstk n furkjtn cuhtb tnc!b trk$ko`bu jb <bstb fn &k#fn% !kh fb 4r% 1rokjfb Ebfb Iuhckråns%

3L3




$BU> N^+,!HB ^'\K" ruk&åb Erhst"åb +stk ruk mhek jks !rb(hchfkfns fk !rkék Gusenohjb Uu$htse`nV fn1oh"nhrk% +rk inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb ebcb 8$neb fk k"% Eo"hs &koikfb7% &nu jbcn surihuebc k onh jA 3%N, fn 3%L%:%

&niujfb k 'usthmhekth"k fb !rb'ntb fn onh fn kutbrhk fb "nrnkfbr +oY \bfrhiuns Jnttb,b jbcn fnstk ruk surihu !br sbohehtkéåb fbs snus cbrkfbrns un fnsn'k"kc `bcnjkinkr

nstn `bcnc un, koèc fn tnr shfb uc fbs !ktrbjbs fk hfèhk fn ebobekr b jbcn fn &åbErhst"åb jb $khrrb, snc!rn sn fnfhebu k outkr !nobs trk$ko`kfbrns nc inrko n, nc!krtheuokr, !nobs ebc!kj`nhrbs fb shjfhektb fbs cbtbrhstks%

Gbsè +ui-jhb Cbjtns 4utrk mbh uc fbs mujfkfbrns fb shjfhektb fbs cbtbrhstks fnOnb!bofhjk% +rk ekskfb ebc Choen, mho`k fn Curhob \bfrhiuns <hjtb, tkc$èc`bcnjkinkfb nc ruk fk ehfkfn%

$BU> N(K!+NOHU'K +^NNU" ruk<nfrb .rhtb Jnttb Jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb nok ebjstk ebcb ruk ., tnc snuhjDehb jk ruk Ouhz /brrns .krenobs n mhjfk jk ruk Wjinob Eboh% =bh k onh jA :M2, fn%L:%M, un o`n fnu nstn jbcn%

$BU> )\K!.B!N" ruk0kon fb &bo K onh jA 2%2L, fn M%3%LL3, fnu nstk fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk !#$ohek un jbck!k fb obtnkcnjtb njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk 5%

Gbsè =rkjzbjn jksenu nc 3@%L%3L2, nc Onb!bofhjk% +rk mho`b fn Ouhih =rkjzbjh n+chohk =hobth, !rbenfnjtns fk ebcujn fn Ekjfhk, !rb"Djehk fn /brhjb, rnihåb fb <hncbjtn,5tkohk% K mkcDohk !kssbu kb .rksho nc 3:N n rkfhebu*sn hjhehkocnjtn nc \nernhb,ebjtrktkfbs !br /nmhob .kr$bsk% <bstnrhbrcnjtn rnshfhrkc nc K$kD$k, bjfn jksenu sukhrcå Fnrehohk% 1s hrcåbs ckhs "no bs Enehohk, =hbrnjzb n Ckrhk jksenrkc jk 5tkohk% =bhe`nmn fb nserhtrhb fk Ehk =brék n Ouz jk ehfkfn%

$BU> +BCNU BCH!+^NU" B^'B\" ruk&åb Erhst"åb /nc snu hjDehb jk ruk Jhob Ebobjb fbs &kjtbs n mhjfk jk k"% KijnoobEbrrnk fb .nc% K onh jA 3%M, fn 32%LM%@:, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn k"njhfk Gbsè Ibcns4bchjiuns 6 "hk !#$ohek obekohzkfk jk ckrinc fhrnhtk fb $khrrb .nok 0hstk n un jb ck!kfb obtnkcnjtb k!rb"kfb njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb 8ruk 37%

4r% Gbsè 4bchjiuns nrk mho`b fb ebcnrehkjtn \k!`kno 4bchjiuns n fn 5fkohjkIbcns, kc$bs `bcnjkinkfbs nc obirkfburbs% =brcbu*sn nc kf"bekehk n mbh fnonikfbfn !boDehk jk ehfkfn% <bstnrhbrcnjtn hjirnssbu jk "hfk !boDthek snjfb nonhtb fn!utkfbnstkfuko nc 3MM% +c sniuhfk, mbh nsebo`hfb snernt)rhb fn kfchjhstrkéåb fb nstkfb fnChjks Inrkhs, jb ib"nrjb fn \bjfbj <ke`neb%

&niujfb k !u$ohekéåb 8\btnhrb /urDstheb fn Onb!bofhjk7, b !rèfhb fb =bruc,ebjstruDfb nc 3LM jk !rkék =èoh( Ckrthjs, tkc$èc rnen$nu b jbcn fb 4r% Gbsè Ibcns4bchjiuns%

$BU> OH!'." T\B)NUUB\" rukChjk fn 1urb Ebcnék jk ruk <rbmnssbr Gbkuhc Iunfns Cke`kfb, kjthik /r-s fnGuj`b n tnrchjk jk !rkék Gbåb .nook, jb kotb fk 0njtkjhk%

K onh jA :3, fn :%LN%3M2 fnu jbcn fn ruk <rbmnssbr Gbsè Ohjtz 6 "hk !#$ohek,snc fnjbchjkéåb, un ohik k ruk /r-s fn Guj`b 6 "hok Ihofk, jnstk ehfkfn, b un kebjmujfn ebc !krtn fk ruk &åb <nfrb%

<bstnrhbrcnjtn k onh jA M:, fn N^L@^M:, ebrrhihu k mko`k n ebjmhrcbu un k ruk

<rbmnssbr Gbsè Ohjtz, è k "hk !#$ohek, snc fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko, un !krthjfb fk ruk /r-sfn Guj`b "kh ktè b Kotb fk 0njtkjhk%

3L




Gbsè Ckrthjhkjb .krrbsb Ohjtz jksenu nc 3: fn 'uo`b fn 3:@L nc Khurubek, CI nmkonenu k 3N fn 'uo`b fn 32 nc Onb!bofhjk, CI% =ho`b fn Ckrthjhkjb fn &buzk Ohjtz n=rkjehsek fn &buzk .krrbsb% &niujfb suk jntk Ckrhk K!krnehfk Ohjtz Cke`kfb, d=bhebc!bshtbr, !rbmnssbr n 4hrntbr fb Iru!b +sebokr \h$nhrb Gujunhrk, k!s k cbrtn fb!bntk Kuiustb fbs Kj'bs% =bh ekskfb ebc 5j)ehk fn &buzk, mho`k fn Ckjbno =nrrnhrk fk&ho"k n Ckrhk 0htbrhk fn &buzk% &nus mho`bs .njnfhtb, Gbsè, &n$ksthåb, Irkzhnok, Kirh!hjk,Ckrhk, Gufht`, KokDfn n EkoDb!n, mujfkfbrns fb ') n(thjtb n trkfhehbjko Eboèihb &åb Gbsè%d

&uk mho`k Gufht` Ohjtz, jksehfk nc 3:: n mkonehfk fn ckréb fn 3L, onehbjbufurkjtn cuhtbs kjbs jb Eboèihb +stkfuko <rbmnssbr .btno`b \nhs Ihj)shb n mbh ekskfkebc b tkc$èc !rbmnssbr Gbkuhc Iunfns Cke`kfb%

&nu !kh, Ckrthjhkjb fn &buzk Ohjtz, jksenu !br "botk fn 3:2, mho`b fn Gusthjb Kurnohkjb fn &buzk n &n$ksthkjk Euj`k Ekr"ko`b% &niujfb ohtnrkturk, nrk fn brhinchjionsk, b un jåb sn ebc!rb"bu ktè kibrk% <rb"k"nocnjtn "h"nu jk rnihåb fn Ektks Kotks fb Cktb 4njtrb, &kjtk .)r$krk n .kråb fn Ebekhs% K `hstrhk fk mkcDohk ebjmujfn*snebc b !nrDbfb fk chjnrkéåb nc un nc!rnsks hjionsks !ksskrkc k n(!obrkr k ektk nn(!brtkéåb fb cntko% +jtrn 3: n 3LL k!krnen ebcb kf"bikfb nc Onb!bofhjk%

=rkjehsek fn &buzk .krrbsb nrk mho`k fn Gbsè Ibjéko"ns .krrbsb n Kjk fn &buzkOhck%&k$n*sn un Gusthjb Kurnohkjb fn &buzk è fn mkcDohk trkfhehbjko fk rnihåb fn

Khurubek, fk snrrk fk 5$hth!bek n un suk ns!bsk &n$ksthkjk Euj`k Ekr"ko`b nrk fkmkcDohk fb .kråb fn Ebekhs%

=rkjehsek fn &buzk .krrbsb, !br suk "nz, è mho`k fn Gbsè Ibjéko"ns .krrbsb n Kjk fn &buzk Ohck%

$BU> CK\K..H" ruk\nfnjtbr K onh jA 3N, 3:%3%M, f) k fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk Gbsè Ckrkzzh 6 "hk !#$ohekfb cujheD!hb fn Onb!bofhjk un jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk

ebcb ruk E%5c!nrkfbr * Eurhbskcnjtn k onh jA 2%2@, fn 3%L%LL3, tkc$èc f) b cnscb jbcn!krk k "hk !#$ohek un, jb obtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb 5c!nrkfbr, njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcbk"njhfk jA 3

$BU> CK^\#&HB &B^'H!-B" trk9nssk\bs)rhb Ohik k ruk 4r% 1rcnu Gujunhrk .btno`b 6 ruk Gbkuhc =nrrnhrk .rhtb% Kjthiktrk"nssk &åb 0henjtn fn <kuob, un tkc$èc rnen$nu b jbcn fn \kjuomb Cktbok, sniujfbebjstk fk onh jA @, fn @%L%@%

Eurhbskcnjtn n(hstnc fuks onhs un, k!krnjtncnjtn, fåb jbcn k uck cnsck "hk% K !rhcnhrk fnoks, k onh jA M:2, fn 3M%L%3M, f) fnjbchjkéåb k uck "hk !#$ohek jk

ehfkfn n fhz un 8mhek fnjbchjkfk trk"nssk &åb 0henjtn fn <kuob k "hk !#$ohek un ohik kruk Gbkuhc =nrrnhrk .rhtb 6 jb"k ruk k$nrtk jk e`)ekrk 4% +uzè$hk7% K onh è k fn jA @,fn @%L%3@, fhz 8!ksskr fnjbchjkr*sn trk"nssk Gbsè CkurDehb k "hk !#$ohek un, jnstkehfkfn, mkz ohikéåb fks ruks Gbkuhc =nrrnhrk .rhtb n Ektkiuksns, k un tnc b jbcn fn\kjuomb Cktbok%7 <br nstks hjmbrckéþns ebjeouh*sn un k cnsck trk"nssk rnen$nu tr-sjbcns fhmnrnjtns%

Gbsè CkurDehb fk &ho"k Ebuthj`b nrk cnstrn fn b$rks n ebjstrutbr%

$BU> TKÔH!B BU \NHU" 9hok[uhjtk \nshf-jehk K onh jA 3%@, fn 3%L%:N, fn kutbrhk fb "nrnkfbr .njnfhtb\u$njs \njj Iunfns, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn 80hok G% <kuohjb fbs \nhs7 6 obirkfburb

!#$oheb fnstk ehfkfn% +stk "hok tnc hjDehb njtrn bs j#cnrbs M3 n M@ fk ruk Kjt9jhb=nrjkjfns 0konjthc%

3L2




Gbsè <kuohjb fbs \nhs jksenu nc 3L n mkonenu nc 3M:% =bh !kjhmhekfbr nmujehbj)rhb fk =kznjfk +stkfuko% +rk mho`b fn <kuohjb Gbsè fn .rhtb \nhs n Ckrhk fn Gnsus\nhs% Eksbu*sn ebc &n$ksthkjk n th"nrkc tr-s mho`bs%

$BU> TKÔB LK'HU'K O^TK'H!H" B^'B\" rukJb"k Onb!bofhjk +stk ruk tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk 4bc Inrkrfb =nrrnhrk \nhs n mhjfk jk

ruk KobDshb &bkrns =k'krfb% &nu jbcn surihu ebc k onh jA %@N, fn 3M%3L%@%4r% Gbsè <kuob nrk cèfheb, mbrckfb nc 3@M% =bh "nrnkfbr n mkonenu khjfk 'b"nc%

+rk mho`b fn \ut` .kthstk n Gbsè <nfrb Ou!kthjh, !rb!rhnt)rhb fb ekchj`åb fn onhtn unmkzhk k ohj`k fn /n$ks !krk k Ebb!nrkth"k, jk fèekfk fn ML%

Jntb !ktnrjb fn Ihusn!!n <hntrb Ou!kthjh n Ckrhk Oknethehk Ekc!kjk% &nus$hsk"s !rbenfhkc fb ebcujn fn Ekstrnzzktb, !rb"hjehk .rnsehk, rnihåb fk Obc$krfhk,5tkohk% <br Ihusn!!n nrk $hsjntb fn Ihb"kjjh Ou!kthjh n Ckrhk Qkjntth% <br Ckrhk Oknetehknrk $hsjntb fn Ihb"kjjh <rhcb Ekc!kjk n <ksuk Kjinok Cke`hjk%

$BU> TN\B" rukGbkuhc Eustfhb Iuhckråns K onh jA 3M, fn 3N%L%::, f) fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk !#$ohekfnstk ehfkfn un jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb 4r% Gbkuhc Iuhckråns, njebjtrk*snhfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk .% +ok tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk Eno% Gbåb Oku n mhjfk jk fh"hsk fbrnmnrhfb $khrrb%

Gbsè <nfrb nrk snr"hfbr !#$oheb cujheh!ko%

$BU> TN\NU" rukEnjtrb /nc snu hjDehb jk !rkék =èoh( Ckrthjs% <krtn fnok, k !krthr fk !rkék =rkjehseb<hj`nhrb Ebrrnhk fn Okenrfk ktè b trn"b fk .\*33M, jk skDfk !krk Okrkj'ko, è b kjthib onhtbfk rbfb"hk \hb*.k`hk%

+c 8Onb!bofhjk fn Fb'n n fn 1jtnc7, Ouhz +ui-jhb .btno`b fhz 8+jtrn uck fks

koks fb Iru!b +sebokr \h$nhrb Gujunhrk n b !rèfhb fk kjthik rnshf-jehk fb fr% \h$nhrbGujunhrk, bjfn ebcnék k ruk Gbsè <nrns, mbh $kthfk nc 32M, k!s k sbonjhfkfn $njéåbchjhstrkfk !nob !kfrn Gbsè 4bchjiuns Ibcns, k !rhcnhrk nstkek fk ebjstruéåb fb trne`bOnb!bofhjk*Curhkè, fk nstrkfk \hb*.k`hk%7

3L




C)rhb fn =rnhtks, nc 8Onb!bofhjk fb Cnu /nc!b7, hjmbrck un Gbsè <nrns nrkmkznjfnhrb n mbrjnenfbr fn ckfnhrk !krk k +strkfk fn =nrrb Onb!bofhjk%

1 ns!kj`bo Gbsè <nrns Ko"krnz fnh(bu irkjfn fnsenjf-jehk% ?c fn snus mho`bs,1ckr \nsnjfn <nrns, mbh ebcnrehkjtn n ekjfhfktb k !rnmnhtb fn Onb!bofhjk% 1utrb, Gbsè\nsnjfn <nrns, mbh snernt)rhb fn kirheuoturk fb nstkfb fb \hb fn Gkjnhrb%

$BU> TH!'B K UHO(K" ruk0kon fb &bo =bh ktrk"ès fk onh jA 2%23, fn LM%33%LLL, un nstk ruk rnen$nu kfnjbchjkéåb ktuko% Jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb nok njebjtrk"k*sn hfnjthmhekfkebcb ruk E% /nc snu hjDehb jk ruk Ouhz Ek!fn"hoon \h$nhrb n mhjfk juc $krrkjeb jnokn(hstnjtn% Gbsè <hjtb nrk cbtbrhstk fn t)(h%

$BU> TH\NU" 6rkék.nok 0hstk k !rkék un mhek jb hjDehb fk k"njhfk fbs +(!nfhehbj)rhbs, 'ujtb kb"hkfutb fk .\*33M% &nu jbcn surihu ebc k onh jA :2, fn 3%L2%M%

$BU> TBOH&HK!B K UHO(K" ruk<b!uokr K fnjbchjkéåb fnstk ruk bebrrnu k !krthr fk onh jA 2%22, fn 3%3%LLL% Jbck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb <b!uokr, un mhek 6s ckrinjs fk .\*33M, nstk ruknjebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk =%

Gbsè <bohehkjb mbh mujehbj)rhb !#$oheb cujheh!ko n nrk ekskfb ebc <kochrk Kjt9jhkfk &ho"k% +rk jkturko fn <hkektu$k n snus mho`bs Chrtns n Eokufhbchrb tkc$èc !rnstkrkcsnr"héb 6 !rnmnhturk% &uk mho`k, =okuzhjk <bohehkjb fk &ho"k eksbu*sn ebc Inrkofb Ckjbno Ko"ns nc Krihrhtk% ?ck fks suks jntks è bmhehko fb ekrtrhb fn Krihrhtk%

$BU> \/ $^!;^NH\K" rukE`heb .kstbs Ebcnék jk ruk Gbsè Krkjtns Gujunhrk%

$BU> \N!, B (KON" ruk=)$rhek Ebcnék jk ruk 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho% b sniujfb $neb fk ruk 0hjtn &ntn fn K$rho jb snjthfb fk !rkék Qnuhj`k \nhs !krk b $khrrb fn =)thck% &nu jbcn bmhehkok!krnen ebc k onh jA , 32%L:%%

\nj- nrk mho`b fn Gbåb \bfrhiuns fk &ho"k 0kon n 1fDohk 4utrk n mbh, furkjtn cuhtbtnc!b, tk(hstk nc Onb!bofhjk%$BU> \B\H+^NU N\!N&4" ruk<nfrb .rhtb Jnttb +stk ruk ebcnék jk Ouhz /brrns .krenobs n mhjfk jk ruk F% \nen$nufnjbchjkéåb bmhehko !nok onh jA232:, fn 2%L%

$BU>" U5B" lkhrrb" 6rkék" ruk n 9hok.khrrb 0nr rnmnr-jehk k nstn $khrrb nc Kibsthj`b &ho"hjb /nh(nhrk fn \nznjfn% &åb Gbsènrk jbcn fn uck irkj'k un n(hsthk jb obeko%<rkék * Enchtèrhb 4hz k onh jA @, fn 3:%L%NL, un !kssk k fnjbchjkr*sn !rkék &åbGbsè k !rkék mbrckfk !nok ebjmou-jehk fk ruk =k'krfb ebc k ruk .bk 0hstk n nstrkfkkjthik fn Ektkiuksns, jnstk ehfkfn, ktukocnjtn fnjbchjkfk okrib fb Enchtèrhb%\uk * &nchj)rhb +stk ruk jåb ebjstk jb ck!k fk <rnmnhturk% &nu jbcn surihu ebc konh jA MM, fn @%L2%3M2, un 8f) jbcn fn ruk &åb Gbsè 6 "hk snc jbcn un, !krthjfbfb &nchj)rhb, sniun nc fhrnéåb fn snus tnrrnjbs, !ksskjfb !noks eksks fn !rb!rhnfkfnfn 4% Kc)ohk Ebrtns, 1sckr <kh(åb fn <kuok n butrbs%7

[unr jbs !krnenr un k onh jA ::, fn 3N%LN%3@2, un 8f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk

<rbmnssbrk Ebjenhéåb &bkrns Cbjtnhrb fn Ekstrb 6 "hk !#$ohek un ebcnék jk nsuhjknc un sn njebjtrk b Kjn(b fb Eboèihb +stkfuko, jb $khrrb fb &nchj)rhb7, fnu 6 cnsckruk &åb Gbsè, uc sniujfb jbcn%

3LN




Ktè !brun k butrk ruk un !bfnrhk tnr rnen$hfb b jbcn fn &åb Gbsè, snrhk k <kfrnGbsè 4bchjiuns Ibcns, jbchjkfk !nok onh jA :@, fn 3N%LN%3@2%

1ebrrn un nstk onh jA :@ fhz un b jbcn fb <kfrn snr) fkfb k uck 8"hk !#$ohekun ebcnék jk !rkék hjfb nc fhrnéåb kb $khrrb &nchj)rhb7, b un è $nc fhmnrnjtn fn8!krthjfb fb &nchj)rhb7, ebjmbrcn ebjstbu fk onh jA MM bu, 8ebcnék jk nsuhjk nc unsn njebjtrk b Kjn(b7, ebcb ebjstbu fk onh jA ::%

<br nstns mktbs sbcbs mbrékfbs k kernfhtkr un b onihsokfbr jåb mbh hjmbrckfb fnun k ehtkfk "hk thj`k b jbcn fn ruk &åb Gbsè, ukjfb rnsbo"nu `bcnjkinkr,cnrnehfkcnjtn, k <rbmnssbrk Ebjenhéåb%0hok * <rkék fk .kjfnhrk Ebcnék jk k"njhfk Fuc$nrtb fn Konjekr Ekstnob .rkjeb%

$BU> UHO(K" rukEnjtrb Ohik k !rkék Injnrko 1srhb 6 !rkék Bthok Okenrfk fk Eruz Cke`kfb, kb okfbfk !rkék =èoh( Ckrthjs% K onh jA 32, fn L%L@%3@2, è k un fnu fnjbchjkéåb fn Gbsè&ho"k 6 "hk !#$ohek un, !krthjfb fk !rkék Injnrko 1srhb, sniun !krkonok kb kjthib onhtbfk ohj`k mèrrnk n "kh ktè b njtrbjekcnjtb ebc k ruk <kfrn G#ohb%7

/èejheb nc nontr9jhek, Gbsè &ho"k ckjthj`k uck bmhehjk n eksk fn ebcèrehb jk rukun rnen$nu b snu jbcn%

$BU> UHO(>\HB K UHO(K" lneb<hrhjnus Ebcnék jk ruk Gbkuhc =urtkfb fn Cnjnzns%

Gbsè &ho"èrhb nrk $bc$nhrb n mujehbj)rhb !#$oheb cujheh!ko%

$BU> UH;^NH\K N &KU'\B" ruk+stn"ns Ebcnék jk ruk Ebokthjb .kr$bsk fn Ekstrb%

$BU> 'NH*NH\K TH\NU" ruk

<hrhjnus /nc snu hjDehb jk ruk Ckébjkrhk n mhjfk jk !rkék C)rhb Ckokuhks% K onh jA33, fn L%L@%3@2, fnu fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk Gbsè /nh(nhrk <hrns 6 "hk !#$ohek obekohzkfkjb Kotb fbs <hrhjnus, bjfn sn ke`kc nfhmhekfks ks +seboks \nujhfks Ebrbjno Ouhz&koikfb fn Ohck%

Gbsè /nh(nhrk <hrns nrk tk(hstk n inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb !br 8<kjikrè7%

$BU> / K\K!'NU $^!;^NH\K" rukE`heb .kstbs k un !krtn fk k"njhfk Int#ohb 0kriks, jks !rb(hchfkfns fbs tnrrnjbsfn Kjt9jhb Qkuhjn n "kh ktè b mhjko fb obtnkcnjtb% &urihu ebc k onh jA 3%N3, fn LM%L:%:3%

$B(N!U +^HO-N\CN" O^H. &NOUB N =!+NOB" ruk

Enjtrb Ohik ks ruks <rnshfnjtn Ekrobs Ouz 6 1oh"hnr =k'krfb%&nu jbcn surihu ebc k onh jA N, fn 3@%3L%3@2 n `bcnjkinhk tr-s 'b"njs unmkonenrkc, nc L:%L%3@2, "Dthcks fn uc kehfnjtn kutbcb$hoDstheb un ebcb"nu $bk!krtn fbs onb!bofhjnjsns%

Iuho`nrcn .kr$bsk E9rtn \nko, jksehfb 33%L%3NN nc Onb!bofhjk, nrk mho`b fn Ksohk .kr$bsk n Phoohkc Jbiunhrk Ebrtn \nko, snjfb jntb cktnrjb fn +cDohk <hrns n5oksthc!`hob .kr$bsk Jnttb n jntb !ktnrjb fn FnrcDjhk Jbiunhrk n 0htko EYsjnhrbs E9rtn\nko%

Ouhz Enosb 5njkeb fn Ekstrb nrk mho`b fn &n$ksthåb fn Ekstrb n +ck 5njkeb%&n$ksthåb nrk mho`b fn Gbsè Kuiustb /nh(nhrk fn Ekstrb n =rkjehsek Kochjfk fn Kocnhfk,nok fnsenjfnjtn fb cnscb Kjtbjhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs ') ehtkfb%

Wjinob <nrnhrk Insukofh nrk mho`b fn Gbsè Insukofh n +urDfhen <nrnhrk, jntb !ktnrjbfn Chiuno Insukofh, tkc$èc `bcnjkinkfb nc obirkfburb%

3LM




$^KCH\B CB^\K CN!B!<K" rukEnjtrb Ebcnék jk ruk .nohz)rhb 1oh"nhrk &ho"k n sniun jk fhrnéåb fk k"njhfk Int#ohb0kriks% Fb'n, khjfk è uck ruk snc skDfk, un mhek njtrn k ruk Eustfhb Gujunhrk n berrnib =nh'åb Eru, jks !rb(hchfkfns fb eou$n fb Cbhj`b%

4njbchjkfk ktrk"ès fk onh jA 3%M:, !rb'ntb fn kutbrhk fb "nrnkfbr .njnfhtb\u$njs \njj Iunfns, `bcnjkinhk Gukchrb Cburk Cnjfbjék, jksehfb nc 3^L@^3M,

mho`b fn =rkjehseb \nsnjfn Cnjfbjék n Enchrk Cburk Cnjfbjék% Eksbu*sn ebc Ckrhkfk K!krnehfk .krrbs Cnjfbjék%Gukchrb trk$ko`bu jb rkcb fn `btnokrhk Gukckr Fbtno, jk ruk Gbsè &ho"k, jb enjtrb fkehfkfn%

$2OHB LK\LBUK" 6rkékGbkuhc Eustfhb Iuhckråns * 4hz k onh jA LL3, fn 3N%L%::, un !kssk k fnjbchjkr*sn !rkék G#ohb .kr$bsk b obirkfburb !#$oheb obekohzkfb njtrn ks ruks Eno% Gbåb Oku, Gbsè<nfrb n <kuob &èrihb \nsnjfn%

G#ohb .kr$bsk fnsenjfhk fn mkcDohk rkfhekfk nc <hkektu$k% 4urkjtn koiuc tnc!b!bssuhu uck e`)ekrk jb obeko bjfn nst) k !rkék un rnen$nu snu jbcn% &niujfb ebjstk,mbh b !rhcnhrb shthkjtn fb ouikr k tnr ouz noètrhek nc suk !rb!rhnfkfn% Koèc fk kth"hfkfnrurko mbh, khjfk, ebcnrehkjtn n ebjstrutbr fn hc"nhs% +rk ekskfb ebc fbjk ChrkofkFnjrhuns, mho`k fn trkfhehbjko mkcDohk fn &åb Gbåb Jn!bcuenjb%

$2OHB &K\\K\B" rukGkrfhc .kjfnhrkjtns Ohik k ruk Kfkutb Jntb 6 Gbåb Ckokuhks% &nu jbcn ktuko surihuebc k onh jA 33:, fn 32%LN%@@% Jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb ebjstk"k ebcb ruk E%

=ho`b fbs htkohkjbs +chohb Ekrrkrb n Ckrhk =krhjkzzb, jksenu nc 3LL ncOnb!bofhjk n k @%3L%32 eksbu*sn ebc Krchjfk =bmkjb, mho`k fn <ksukon 4bcnjheb=bmkjb n 1oh"hk Cnjni`ntth% 4urkjtn cuhtbs kjbs mbh kirheuotbr n !bssuhu uck !rb!rhnfkfn

jk obekohfkfn ebj`nehfk ebcb Ckeueu, jk skDfk !krk Okrkj'ko%$2OHB" TK\N" rukEktnfrko Ebcnék jk !rkék Bthok Okenrfk fk Eruz Cke`kfb n tnrchjk jk !rkék 4bcFno"èehb% k ruk fb Fbs!htko Eksk fn Ekrhfkfn Onb!bofhjnjsn% uck `bcnjkinc kb!kfrn G#ohb Ihuohb =hbrnjthjh, jksehfb jb fhk fn ckhb fn 3:NL n un "nhb !krkOnb!bofhjk nc 3:M, kuh !nrckjnenjfb ktè suk cbrtn jb fhk : fn ckhb fn 3%

<kfrn G#ohb nstn"n 6 mrnjtn fn fh"nrsks b$rks cnrhtrhks nc Onb!bofhjk% Gujtb kb!kfrn =noh( <bhjsbt, hjkuiurbu k Jb"k +sebok nc 3L:, uc hjsthtutb fn nstufbssneujf)rhbs fnfhekfb 6 mbrckéåb fbs cbébs !krk trk$ko bs tnrhebs n !r)thebs fnkirheuoturk, ksshc ebcb !krk ks Ontrks n !krk k ekrrnhrk neonsh)sthek% +c 3, !br

hjmou-jehk suk, mbh mujfkfb b <ktrbjktb !krk cnjhjks ekrnjtns, hjsthtuhéåb un s "nhb ksnr hjkuiurkfk k fn ckhb fn 3M, ebc b jbcn fn <ktrbjktb 4bjk Onjhtk Gujunhrk% K Ikzntk fn 32%L2%3:: hjmbrck un nc LM%L2%3:: mbh hjstkokfk k Ebckrek

+eonsh)sthek fn Onb!bofhjk, erhkfk !nob .hs!b fn Ckrhkjk, 4% &ho"èrhb Ibcns <hcnjtk,snjfb !)rbeb b !kfrn G#ohb =hbrnjthjh%

4bs oh"rbs !krbuhkhs fn suk è!bek, $nc ebcb fks ktks fn "hshtkéåb 6s !kruhksfbs fhstrhtbs, b$snr"k*sn un nrk cuhtb n(hinjtn% <br bekshåb fk rn'nhéåb ckjhmnstkfk!nobs !krbuhkjbs fn <hkektu$k k uc !kfrn un o`ns fk"k ksshst-jehk, b !kfrn G#ohbnstn"n jb fhstrhtb n fnh(bu suks b$snr"kéþns $nc n(!ohekfks jb oh"rb fkunok 5irn'k%

$^\K!H\ 'BONB" ruk

&nrrk 0nrfn +rk !neukrhstk, fnsenjfnjtn fn mkcDohk cuhtb ohikfk 6s kth"hfkfns rurkhsfb cujheD!hb% =bh !rb!rhnt)rhb fks tnrrks bjfn `b'n fnsnj"bo"n*sn b $khrrb bjfn k$rhrkcnstk ruk%

3L@




$Û&NOH!B 4^LH'U&-N&4 N BOH(NH\K" 6rkék&åb Erhst"åb +stk !rkék mhek njtrn ks ruks Jhob Ebobjb fbs &kjtbs n Gbsè +ui-jhb4utrk% k !rkék !rhjeh!ko fb $khrrb% \nen$nu nstn jbcn !br !rb'ntb fbs "nrnkfbrns +oY\bfrhiuns Jnttb n Gkhr fn Kocnhfk Okenrfk, un sn trkjsmbrcbu jk onh jA 3%NLL, fnL@%LN%:3%

Gusenohjb nrk jkturko fn 4hkckjthjk CI, bjfn jksenu nc 3L% /rk$ko`bu jbsEbrrnhbs n mbh ek!htåb cèfheb fk <boDehk Chohtkr Chjks% 5jirnssbu jk "hfk !boDthek tnjfbn(nrehfb bs ekribs fn !rnmnhtb fn .nob Fbrhzbjtn, fn!utkfb nstkfuko n mnfnrko,ib"nrjkfbr fb nstkfb, snjkfbr n !rnshfnjtn fk rn!#$ohek% b erhkfbr fn .rksDohk n mnz ucib"nrjb "botkfb !krk b fnsnj"bo"hcnjtb fb !kDs% K non sn fn"n k ebjstruéåb fks ushjks`hfrnoètrheks fn =urjks n /r-s Ckrhks% =bh eksskfb nc 3M n mkonenu nc fnskstrnkutbcb$hoDstheb jk "hk 4utrk \hb*&åb <kuob%

$^(N!KO &K\!NH\B" ruk=)$rhek Ohik k ruk 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho 6 ruk Ckjbno Ob$ktb%

K onh jA :, fn M%L@%3M2, fnu fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk Gu"njko Ekrjnhrb 6 "hk un!krthjfb fk ruk 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho, nc mrnjtn kb nserhtrhb fk Ehk =hkéåb n /nehfbsOnb!bofhjnjsn, sniun jk fhrnéåb fk ruk Ckjbno Ob$ktb, bjfn "kh tnrchjkr, ktrk"nsskjfbb errnib =nh'åb Er#%

&niujfb Ouhz +ui-jhb .btno`b, nc 8Onb!bofhjk fn Fb'n n fn 1jtnc7, Gu"njkoEkrjnhrb jksenu nc &åb Gbsè fb \hb <rntb CI, 3N%L%3:@3 n mkonenu, jb \hb fn Gkjnhrb\G nc 3%3L%323, fnh(kjfb "h#"k 4% Fbjbrhjk Kjtujns 0hnhrk n fnz mho`bs un tnc snusjbcns hjhehkfbs !br ontrks un mbrckc 8Chjks Inrkns7 Cbkehr, 5nrne-, Jkùc), Krkeh,&uhuhrn, Iukrkeh, +rhc), \uf), K!kokDs, +rujfh n b ekéuok fn unc jåb tncbs b jbcn%

Gu"njko nrk mho`b fn Kjtbjhb /nbfbrb fn &busk Ekrjnhrb n Kckjfk Cko"hjk fn Kjfrkfn Kckjfk Kjfrkfn Ekrjnhrb, ebjmbrcn k 8Injnkobihk fbs \nsnjfns7, fn

1s_kofb fn \nznjfn% /n"n sntn hrcåbs, tbfbs jksehfbs nc Onb!bofhjk Kjtbjhb 3:@@,/nbohjfk 3::L, =okushjk 3::3, Ik$rhno 3::, ?$kofhjk 3::, Ckrhk fks Cnre-s3::M n Kckjfk 3::@% &nu !kh mbh su!onjtn fn "nrnkfbr nc 3::3, !rb!rhnt)rhb fb FbtnoEkrjnhrb, n(hstnjtn jk ruk <rhcnhrb fn Ckréb nc Onb!bofhjk, !br "botk fn 3::N n nc 3::@rnkohzbu jniehbs nc 5tk!hrussu%

1 !rbmnssbr Gu"njko Ekrjnhrb rnshfhu nc Onb!bofhjk furkjtn cuhtbs kjbs bjfn sntbrjbu mhiurk fn fnstkun% /rk$ko`bu furkjtn uhjzn kjbs jk Eksk .kje)rhk \h$nhrbGujunhrk fn!bhs, .kjeb \h$nhrb Gujunhrk, n(nrenjfb k mujéåb fn ebjtkfbr% =ujfbu nfhrhihu, jk ehfkfn, b Eursb Ebcnrehko Kmbjsb 0hznu n !u$ohebu koiucks b$rks jks )rnksebcnrehko n ebjt)$ho% /rkjsmnrhu*sn !krk b \hb fn Gkjnhrb bjfn onehbjbu jb 5jsthtutbOkmkYntn%

Eksbu*sn ebc Fbjbrhjk Kjtujns 0hnhrk k %L%3:M nc Onb!bofhjk% +ok nrkjkturko fn Curhkè, mho`k fn Fbjrhb Kjtujns <nrnhrk n Ckrhk .ko$hjk 0hnhrk fn \nznjfn%

OK&N\K" lnebEkhékrk Ebcnék jk k"njhfk Gnù <hjtb fn =krhk, jk kjthik e`)ekrk fb EustfhbOkenrfk%

1 $neb obekohzk*sn nc obeko bjfn rnshfhrkc fnsenjfnjtns fn uck fks mkcDohks!hbjnhrks fn Onb!bofhjk% 1 sb$rnjbcn Okenrfk mkz !krtn fk `hstrhk fk ehfkfn% =brkcfbhs fn snus rn!rnsnjtkjtns bs $njnmhehkfbs ebc ks snsckrhks obekohzkfks 6s ckrinjsfb =nh'åb Eru bs hrcåbs =nrjkjfb Kmbjsb Ebrr-k fn Okenrfk n Gnr9jhcb <hj`nhrb fnOkenrfk% 1s $njnmhehkfbs jåb "hnrkc tbckr !bssn fks tnrrks, b!tkjtb !br fnshijkr fbhs

fn snus sb$rhj`bs !krk b euc!rhcnjtb fb un fntnrchjk"kc ks ekrtks fn snsckrhk% 1usn'k beu!kr, !okjtkr n !b"bkr% Ksshc è un, enrek fn 3L kjbs k!s tnrnc rnen$hfb kstnrrks, snus sb$rhj`bs =rkjehseb n \bcåb <hj`nhrb Ebrr-k fn Okenrfk hjhehkrkc k fh"hsåb

3L:




n "njfk njtrn mkznjfnhrbs fk rnihåb fk &nrrk fk 5$hth!bek% Ebcb ') mbh fhtb nc butrk !krtnfnstn trk$ko`b, =rkjehseb nrk injrb fn Gbkuhc =nrrnhrk .rhtb, ebc!rkfbr fk !krtn bjfnmbrcbu k mkznjfk fk Eke`bnhrk% 1 mho`b fn Gbkuhc, Gbåb Iuko$nrtb =nrrnhrk .rhtb,kfuhrhu ks tnrrks bjfn mbrcbu k mkznjfk =brtkonzk% 1 sbirb fn Gbåb Iuko$nrtb, Ckjbno Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk, ebc!rbu ks tnrrks bjfn mbrcbu k mkznjfk fb =nh'åb Eru <nunjb%1utrb injrb fn Ckjbno Kjt9jhb, Gbåb Ibjéko"ns Jntb, kfuhrhu k !krtn bjfn mbrcbu kmkznjfk \nshf-jehk% + butrbs ckhs mbrkc bs kfuhrnjtns fks tnrrks fbkfks k =nrjkjfb Kmbjsb n Gnr9jhcb%

1 sb$rnjbcn Okenrfk nst) !rnsnjtn nc uksn tbfbs bs iru!bs mkchohkrns!hbjnhrbs fn Onb!bofhjk, !br ebjtk fbs ekskcnjtbs njtrn fnsenjfnjtns%

OKN\' K\K2$B CN!B!<K" ruk\nfnjtbr Ebcnék jk ruk Intbchr <nrnhrk .nook, jks !rb(hchfkfns fk ujhfkfn fntrktkcnjtb fn )iuks fk E1<K&K n "kh tnrchjkr jbs tnrrnjbs !nrtnjenjtns kb 1rmkjktb%\nen$nu nstk fnjbchjkéåb !nok onh jA N, fn 3:%L:%%

Jk fèekfk fn 3ML, jks !rb(hchfkfns fnstk ruk n(hsthu uc !nunjb ekc!b fn

mutn$bo un k ikrbtkfk e`kck"k fn 8Ekc!hj`b fb Erhstb7%Oknrt Krk#'b nrk ebcnrehkjtn n rurkohstk%

O>K N CNNH\BU +^HCK\5NU" ruk5c!nrkfbr Ebcnék jk ruk Kijnoob Ebrr-k fb .nc% K onh jA 23:N, fn 3%3L%3, fnujbcn bmhehko k nstk ruk%

Oèk Iuhckråns nrk rns!bjs)"no !br uc fbs ekrtrhbs fn jbtks fn Onb!bofhjk% =ho`kfn Okurb /nh(nhrk Ob!ns Iuhckråns n Ckrhntk, mkonenu %L%3:: kbs @ kjbs% +rk hrcåfn Okurb Iuhckråns, kf"bikfbH Fbjbrhjk fn Cnfnhrbs Iuhckråns, fhrntbrk fb Iru!b+sebokr .btno`b \nhs n Ebrk Iuhckråns, !rbmnssbrk fb Iru!b +sebokr \h$nhrb Gujunhrk%\nshfhk jk ruk Ebtnih!n, jb nfhmDehb un è #jheb n(nc!okr fk kruhtnturk jbrckjfk nc

Onb!bofhjk%ONB!B\ LK-HK" ruk<hrhjnus 4hz k onh jA 3@, fn L%L%::, un nstk ruk tnc hjDehb jk Eh!rhkjb <nrnhrk.khk n "kh ktè 6 ruk =nrjkjfb Jb"khs fn 1oh"nhrk%

&niujfb ebjstk, bs .k`hk bu, .kDk, nståb jk rnihåb fnsfn b hjDehb fb !b"bkcnjtbn tnrhkc "hjfb fk snrrk fn 5$hth!bek, ebcb ")rhks butrks mkcDohks kuh rkfhekfks jkbekshåb%

ONBTBOH!K CN!NU B \BUË\HB" ruk=)$rhek K onh jA 33:, fn 32%LN%@@, fb "nrnkfbr +oY \bfrhiuns Jnttb, f) fnjbchjkéåb

k nstk ruk n fhz trktkr*sn fk "hk !#$ohek un !krthjfb fk ruk 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho, ncmrnjtn 6 ruk &hjfhektb /-(tho, "kh ktè uc tnrrnjb $kofhb un f) mujfbs !krk k !krtn!bstnrhbr fk ruk .njnfhtb 0kokfkrns% +rk uc fbs $nebs fk =)$rhek%

&niujfb b !rb'ntb fn onh, Onb!bofhjk Cnjfns, furkjtn objibs kjbs, mbh knjmnrcnhrk n !krtnhrk un kebo`nu nc snus $rkébs, kjtns cnscb fbs !r!rhbs !khs,enjtnjks fn onb!bofhjnjsns, $nc k"njturkfbs bu ùchofns%

OHCBNH\B" lkhrrb K onh jA 3%M, fn L%L:%:2, fb "nrnkfbr \bun Cke)rhb .rkz &e`ntthjb, fnu k

fnjbchjkéåb fn $khrrb kb obeko ebc!rnnjfhfb njtrn b trn"b rbfb"h)rhb fk .\*33M kenssbk Ektkiuksns n b cbrrb fb Ohcbnhrb% +stn $khrrb è ebrtkfb !nob onhtb fk kjthik nstrkfk

!krk Ektkiuksns nstrkfk fn skh$rb n k$rkjin tnrrhtrhb butrbrk `k$htkfb !nobsfnsenjfnjtns fn fbjk Ko$hjk Gbkuhjk fn Okenrfk% Koh mbrkc !rb!rhnt)rhbs fn tnrrks nccnkfbs fbs bhtbenjtbs, koèc fn 4% Ko$hjk, Fnjrhun 4nomhc n &ho"k, Gbsè Ckrhk fk <nj`k,

3L




Gbkuhc Gbsè Cbjtnhrb, Kjt9jhb Gbsè fn Kocnhfk Ikck, =rkjehseb Gbkuhc fn KocnhfkIkck, Gbåb Oburnjéb =nrrnhrk fn Okenrfk n Gbåb +"kjinohstk fk &ho"k% K$rkjin ks ruksCkfrn Ckrhk E;jfhfk fn Gnsus n Jnjèc Eèskr%

1 Kockjkun fn 3::@ ') mkz rnmnr-jehk kb Ohcbnhrb, b un hjfhek snr uc jbcnkjthib% 4hz un koh rnshfhk b kf"bikfb 4r% Gbåb Ekrjnhrb <nstkjk fn Kiuhkr%

Ouhz \bussnku .btno`b, nc 8Ebrkéåb fn Cnjhjb7 ehtk, ")rhks "nzns, k mkznjfk fbOhcbnhrb un, jb hjDehb fbs kjbs fn 3LL, mhek"k jb ekchj`b !krk k mkznjfk fb.bjsuenssb, b un ebhjehfn ebc k obekohzkéåb fb $khrrb%

OH!BO)B TH!-NH\B" ruk4bjk +uzè$hk Ebcnék jk ruk 4r% 1rcnu Gujunhrk .btno`b%

K onh jA :, fn @%L%3M2, f) jbcn fn ruk Ohjfbomb <hj`nhrb k uc obirkfburb!#$oheb un mhek jbs mujfbs fk hirn'k fb \bs)rhb%

Ohjfbomb, inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb !br 8Obobtn7, nrk mho`b fn =obrhkjb <hj`nhrb fn &buzkCbrkns n <rnsenohkjk <hj`nhrb fn Okenrfk PnrjneV, snu !kh nrk mujehbj)rhb !#$oheb ncOnb!bofhjk nc 3:% Eksbu*sn k 3:%LN%3:N nc Onb!bofhjk ebc Iuhbckr fn Okenrfk

mho`k fn Gbsè \bcåb Ebrr-k fn Okenrfk n Ouhzk Kuiustk /k"krns, snjfb jntb !ktnrjb fb!hbjnhrb \bcåb <hj`nhrb Ebrr-k fn Okenrfk n suk !rhcnhrk ns!bsk Kjk &n"nrhjk% <kh fn5rkenck 3L: n Eoèk 332%

OH!B +B!<KO(NU" lkhrrb n ruk.khrrb * +stn $khrrb surihu ebc b krrukcnjtb fks tnrrks un !nrtnjenrkc k OhjbIbjéko"ns% Fb'n, non mkz !krtn fb $khrrb fk <rkék fk .kjfnhrk%\uk * <rkék fk .kjfnhrk Ohik k ruk Ckrne`ko 4nbfbrb fk =bjsnek 6 ruk Kjtbjhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs%

K onh jA :, fn 3@%3L%3@2, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk Ohjb Ibjéko"ns k uck "hk!#$ohek un skh fk ruk Ckrne`ko 4nbfbrb%

Ohjb Ibjéko"ns mbh ckhs uc fbs hchirkjtns un cufkrkc k mken fk ehfkfn ebc snutrk$ko`b n fnfhekéåb 6 ekusk !#$ohek% <rbenfnjtn fk +s!kj`k, rkfhebu*sn nc Onb!bofhjkjb mhjko fbs bhtbenjtbs n ebc b mrutb fn snu trk$ko`b nc mkznjfks fk rnihåb kcnko`bu bsumhehnjtn !krk kfuhrhr uck $bk !rb!rhnfkfn un mkzhk fh"hsk ebc b Kotb fk 0njtkjhk%&nc tnr fnh(kfb mho`bs, fnfhebu*sn kb ku(Dohb fbs ebc!ktrhbtks n fn butrbs hchirkjtns un!kssk"kc !br fhmheuofkfns%

OB^\N!<B N^.>LHB K^+Û'B" ruk<nfrb .rhtb Jnttb K onh jA 2%L:, fn %3L%:, f) fnjbchjkéåb k nstk ruk n fhz un noktnc snu hjDehb jk ruk Ouhz /brrns .krenobs n mhjfk jk ruk Gbsè \bfrhiuns PnrjneV%

OB^\N!<B +B!<KO(NU !^!NU" rukGkrfhc .nok 0hstk 4hz k onh jA 2%2L3, fn 3%L%LLL un nstk ruk tnc snu hjDehb jk k"%fbs +(!nfhehbj)rhbs n mhjfk juc okrib n(hstnjtn jk cnsck% Jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtbGkrfhc .nok 0hstk nok njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk 33%

OB^\N!<B HN!!K&B" rukGbåb <kuob 55 +stk ruk tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk 5rcå Ik$rhnok n mhjfk jk fh"hsk fbobtnkcnjtb% &uk fnjbchjkéåb ktuko surihu ebc k onh jA 2::, fn L%L%%

Oburnjéb 5njjkeb jksenu k L3%L2%3::N, nc Ckrktèk, <btnjzk, .kshohektk, 5t)ohk nmkonenu nc LN%L:%3N nc Onb!bofhjk% 0nhb !krk b .rksho !br "botk fn 3:N% 5jhehbu suk"hfk, nc Onb!bofhjk, ebcb cksektn% Eksbu*sn, nc !rhcnhrks j#!ehks, ebc +cck &%

5njjkeb jbcn un fnu brhinc 6 eksk ebcnrehko, kb $kzkr n kb ekmè +ck% 4nssnekskcnjtb såb bs mho`bs \k!`kno n 0henjtn tkc$èc jbcns fn ruks fk ehfkfn, Ckrhk,5bokjfk, Chiuno, 1s"kofb n Kjhtk un mbh ekskfk ebc b !rbmnssbr Kozhrb fn Kzn"nfb

33L




Ekr"ko`b, tkc$èc `bcnjkinkfb ebc jbcn fn ruk fk ehfkfn% +c sniujfks j#!ehks,Oburnjéb eksbu*sn ebc Quochrk Cke`kfb 5njjkeb, ebc unc tn"n bs mho`bs Ekrobs,Ckrhk, JnoY, Oburnjéb =ho`b, .njhtb, Krtùr n 4kreY%

OB^\N!<B \NHU" rukGbåb <kuob 55 Jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb nstk"k hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk .% <nok onh jA

3%@M, fbs "nrnkfbrns +oY \bfrhiuns Jnttb n .njnfhtb \u$njs \njj Iunfns, rnen$nunstk fnjbchjkéåb%

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333




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33




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Ouhz \nznjfn nrk kirheuotbr%

332




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O:HB &BU'K \NHU" ruk

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L%L%3:, LL kounhrns 6s ckrinjs fb errnib fb Cbhj`b% =brcbu k mkznjfk Biuks0nrtnjtns, jk rnihåb fb ktuko !b"bkfb fn &åb Oburnjéb% =bh b !rhcnhrb nserh"åb fnOnb!bofhjk% +c 3:@N nrk mkznjfnhrb fn ekmèH 2 Ckrhk 0nj;jehk fn Kocnhfk, $kthzkfk:%3%3:L nc &kjtkjk fb Ikrkc$nb, mbh k !rhcnhrk ns!bsk fn Gbåb Iuko$nrtb =nrrnhrk.rhtb, fn unc sn mkok nc "nr$ntn !r!rhbH Ouehkjk +scèrhk fn Kocnhfk, mkonehfk ncL%L:%3:M, ekskfk ebc Gbkuhc Enzkrhb fn Kocnhfk, mho`b fn 5j)ehb Gbsè fb .nc n Kjt9jhk Ckrhk fn Kocnhfk, nstk hrcå fn Ckjbno Kjt9jhb% =brcbu k mkznjfk /nsburb fb=nh'åb Eru, nc tnrrks !r(hcks kb ktuko !b"bkfb fn &åb Ckrthj`b% Gbkuhc Enzkrhbmkonenu k 3:%L2%3:NN% 1 eksko tn"n bhtb mho`bs n cuhtbs fn snus fnsenjfnjtns mbrkcktukjtns jk "hfk !#$ohek fn Onb!bofhjk% Koèc fk mkznjfk ehtkfk, mbrkc !rb!rhnt)rhbs fnuck snsckrhk jb Eurktb fn Ebjenhéåb fk .bk 0hstkH N Ckrhkjk =okuzhjk fn Kocnhfk,

$kthzkfk L%LM%3:LN nc &kjtkjk fb Ikrkc$nb, ekskfk ebc Gbåb Ibjéko"ns Jntb%<ktrhkreks fk irkjfn mkcDohk Ibjéko"ns Jntb nc Onb!bofhjk, mbrckrkc k mkznjfk\nshf-jehk, khjfk `b'n rnmnrhfk nc ekrtbirkmhk fn Onb!bofhjk, jks hcnfhkéþns fbs $khrrbs=brtkonzk n /r-s Eruzns snrrk fbs Jntbs% Gbåb Ibjéko"ns mbh nonhtb Guhz fn <kz nc 3:Nn 3:M, "nrnkfbr nc 3:MN n jb"kcnjtn Guhz fn <kz nc 3:M:% Ckrhkjk mkonenu nc 3:2HM Kjtbjhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs Jntb mbh ekskfb ebc Ckrhk Ebjstkjék fn Gnsus n ncsniujfks j#!ehks ebc \htk .nrjkrfhjk fn Kjfrkfn, mho`k fn Ckjbno Ibuokrt fn Kjfrkfn n=rkjehsek 5j)ehk =rkjeb, !br nstk fnsenjfnjtn fk ho`bk Kjt9jhk fk Irkék% K !rhcnhrkns!bsk mkonenu %33%3: n Kjtbjhb mhebu "h#"b !nok sniujfk "nz k L%3%3::, "hjfbnon !r!rhb k mkonenr jb fhk L:%L:%3::M% &uk mkznjfk nstk"k obekohzkfk nc tnrrhtrhb fbkrrkhko fn Cbjtn Konirn, `b'n fhstrhtb fn /n$ks n nrk !rbfutbrk fn ekmèH @ 0nj;jehb Gbsè

fn Kocnhfk Ebstk ekskfb ebc suk sb$rhj`k Kjk <kuok fn &njk, mho`k fn suk hrcå Ckrhk0nj;jehk% K n(nc!ob fn snus mkchohkrns, nc 3:@N nrk mkznjfnhrb fn ekmèH : Ckjbno/nbfbrb fn Kocnhfk ekskfb ebc E;jfhfk Ckrhk fn Gnsus, mkonenu nc 3:N, kjtns !bhs fnsnus !khs% 1 eksko rkfhebu*sn nc tnrrhtrhb jk è!bek !nrtnjenjtn kb fhstrhtb fn Kjiusturkn snus jb"n mho`bs ns!ko`krkc*sn tkc$èc !br &åb 4bchjibs fb K"njturnhrb% 4kfb bobjib !nrDbfb nc un "h"nrkc hsbokfbs jk zbjk rurko, tko ebcb khjfk "h"nc cuhtbsfnsenjfnjtns, suenssh"bs cktrhc9jhbs njfbi;chebs fhmheuotkc njbrcncnjtn uck $bkhfnjthmhekéåb% Gbkuhjk +scèrhk fn &kjtkjk $kthzkfk 3%L@%3:3 nc .bc Gkrfhc*CI,ekskfk ebc Gbåb Ikrehk fn Cktbs Jntb, mho`b fn uc eksko fn !krnjtns &hc!ohehkjbIkrehk fn Cktbs n +cnrnjehkjk Ckrhk fn Gnsus% 0h"nrkc tkc$èc nc tnrrhtrhb fn Kjiusturk% Gbkuhjk mkonenu 32%LM%3:NH 3L Cnsshks +scèrhk fn Kocnhfk ekskfk ebcGbåb \bfrhiuns =nrrnhrk .rhtb, mho`b fn .njtb \bfrhiuns Ibcns n Wjinok Gbkuhjk fnGnsus, !krnjtn !bhs fn snu euj`kfb Kjt9jhb \bfrhiuns Ibcns% <br ebjtk fk irkjfn

33M




ukjthfkfn fn `bc9jhcbs jåb jbs mbh !bssD"no hfnjthmhekr k obekohzkéåb fks !rb!rhnfkfnsfb eksko mkznjfk fk Ebjenhéåb, sDthbs Ekntè n <kocnhrk% Cnsshks mbh njtnrrkfk ncOnb!bofhjk k LN%L%3::@H 33 Ckrhk 5jbe-jehk Kocnhfk ekskfk ebc Kjt9jhb 0nj;jehb fn Kocnhfk, mho`b fn snu thb Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs Jntb n Ckrhk Ebjstkjék fn Gnsus%=brkc !rb!rhnt)rhbs fn mkznjfk jb tnrrhtrhb bjfn "nhb k sn mbrckr b kjthib fhstrhtb fn&kjtk 5sk$no, `b'n K$kD$k% +c 3:M k mkznjfk ') nrk ebrtkfk !br uck nstrkfk un snebcujhek"k ebc k 8nstrkfk Cujheh!ko, nc Onb!bofhjk7H 3 \bcåb fn Kocnhfk e`nibu kOnb!bofhjk khjfk jk hjm;jehk n kuh mkonenu, sbotnhrb, !br "botk fn 3:2H 32 Gbkuhc Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs, $kthzkfb M%L3%3:N, nc .bc Gkrfhc*CI è b mho`b unCkjbno Kjt9jhb jåb tnrhk "hstb jksenr !br nstkr !noks 8cktks fb =nh'åb Eru7% Eksbu*snebc Ckrhk /nrnsk fn Gnsus n rkfhebu*sn nc tnrrhtrhb fb kjthib krrkhko fk <hnfkfn, ebcmkznjfk "hzhj`k 6 mkznjfk Cbjtn Konirn, jk nstrkfk khjfk n(hstnjtn n un ohik /n$ks k<hkektu$k% +c 3:@N nrk mkznjfnhrb fn ekmè% &uk ns!bsk, ksshc ebcb suk euj`kfk CkrhkEbjstkjék fn Gnsus, !bfnc tnr shfb mho`ks fn Gbkuhc Gbsè <nrnhrk Oncbs n jntks fnCkjbno <nrnhrk Oncbs n 5zk$no 5j)ehk Gbkuhjk, kjthibs cbrkfbrns fb =nh'åb Eru khjfknsunehfbs !nok `hstrhk bmhehko% +jtrn snus fnsenjfnjtns njebjtrkc*sn bs #jhebs

usu)rhbs nc Onb!bofhjk fn kjthibs tDtuobs fk Iukrfk Jkehbjko un !ufncbs ebc!rb"kr nc !nsuhsk !r!rhk%

CK!BNO K\OH!B &K\!NH\B" ruk.nok 0hstk K onh jA 2L, fn 3%L%3, f) nstk fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk !#$ohek un jb ck!kfb obtnkcnjtb rnen$nu b jbcn fn ruk I% k ruk un tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk Gbåb /nh(nhrkfn Cburk Iuhckråns n mhjfk jk .\ 33M, !r(hcb kb "hkfutb%

Ckjbno Krohjfb nrk ebcnrehkjtn%

CK!BNO N KOCNHK OK&N\K" rukGbkuhc =urtkfb <hjtb K onh jA 3%@N, fn L%L:%:N, fb "nrnkfbr 4kreY Ouhz

0ksebjenobs \nsnjfn, f) fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk !#$ohek fnstk ehfkfn un, jb ebj'ujtb`k$htkehbjko 4r% Gbkuhc =urtkfb <hjtb, njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk E% <nob ck!k!u$ohekfb !nok !rnmnhturk nc LLL, nstk "hk ebcnék jk ruk 4hfh \kcbs n tnrchjk jbsmujfbs fn uck e`)ekrk n(hstnjtn jk ruk Kokj UkrfneV%

&niujfb k 'usthmhekth"k fb !rb'ntb fn onh jA 2M^:N, Ckjbno fn Kocnhfk Okenrfkjksenu nc :%L%3L, jb fhstrhtb fn 0hstk Konirn% Eksbu*sn ebc \bsk fn KocnhfkOkenrfk n th"nrkc sntn mho`bs% \nshfhu nc Onb!bofhjk furkjtn uksn cnhb sèeuob% +(nrenuks !rbmhssþns fn ebcnrehkjtn n kinjtn fn sniurbs%

=ho`b fn Fbjrhb \bfrhiuns Okenrfk n Ckrhntk \bfrhiuns fn Kocnhfk, eê \bsk Kocnhfk, mho`k fn snus thbs 0hrhktb \bfrhiuns fn Kocnhfk n .nrjkrfhjk Ikck% &uk mkcDohkè rnmnrhfk nc tnrrks fb ktuko fhstrhtb fn 0hstk Konirn fnsfn cnkfbs fb sèeuob fnznjb"n% 1

!kh fn 0hrhktb n Ckrhntk mbh =rkjehseb Ckrthjs fn Kocnhfk, !br suk "nz mho`b fn Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk \kcbs n Ckrhk Ebjstkjék fn Gnsus, ehtkfbs jb "nr$ntn fn Ckjbno Kjt9jhb fn Kocnhfk% =rkjehseb Ckrthjs fn Kocnhfk mbh njtnrrkfb k LM%3%33N nc Krkekth% K cån fn0hrhktb n Ckrhntk mbh \htk Ikrehk fk Jkth"hfkfn, mho`k fn Gbsè Gbkuhc <nrnhrk Ikrehk nCkrhkjk +scèrhk fk Jkth"hfkfn, tkc$èc ') ehtkfbs jnstn trk$ko`b%

CK!BNO $K!^Ë\HB" rukEnchtèrhb K onh jA 2, fn 3@%3L%3@2, fnu fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk Ckjbno Gkju)rhb6 "hk !#$ohek un !krthjfb fk !rkék &åb Gbsè, "kh ktè b ebrtn fk \hb .k`hk% K onh jA 3:@,fn L%L:%::, f) jbcn fn ruk Ckjbno Gkju)rhb k un mkz k ohikéåb !r(hcb kb jA 2, jb$khrrb &kjtk Eruz%

Ckjbno Gkju)rhb nrk cbtbrhstk fk <rnmnhturk%

33@




CK!BNO OK&N\K ONKO" rukGkrfhc .kjfnhrkjtns 4hz k onh jA 3L:, fn LM%LM%@N, un nstk "hk !#$ohek jb ck!k fbobtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb nst) ebcb ruk +, tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk Gbåb Ckokuhks n mhjfk jkruk ek!htåb \hekrfb Ebuthj`b% <nob ck!k fk !rnmnhturk, nfhtkfb nc LLL, nstk "hk tnrchjkjk ruk =k'krfb%

Ckjbno Okenrfk Onko, inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb !br 8Ckjbno Qk#7 nrk rurkohstk n

!bssuDk uck e`)ekrk jks !rb(hchfkfns fb $khrrb [uhjtk \nshf-jehk%

CK!BNO OBLK'B" ruk

Enjtrb Ohik k !rkék =èoh( Ckrthjs 6 !rkék <rbmnssbr Wjinob% Jb hjDehb nrk uck nstrkfkfn trb!nhrbs n fn!bhs "hrbu ruk fk Irkck% Jnstk ruk mujehbjbu k !rhcnhrk Eksk fnEkrhfkfn fn Onb!bofhjk%

uck `bcnjkinc kb ebrbjno Ckjbno Ob$ktb Cbjtnhrb Iko"åb fn &åb Ckrthj`b

un mbh !rnshfnjtn fk e;ckrk cujheh!ko jb mhjko fb rnihcn hc!nrhko n mkonenu nc 3L3, n(*!rb"nfbr fk Eksk fn Ekrhfkfn Onb!bofhjnjsn, n(*"nrnkfbr n "hen*e`nmn fb n(neuth"bcujheh!ko, jk e`nmhk fn Gbkuhc Kjtbjhb 4utrk%

CK!BNO CK\'H!U N UB^.K" ruk&åb Ouhz K onh jA 3%M@, fn L3%33%:, f) nstk fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk !#$ohek fnstk ehfkfnun ohik ks ruks \kjuomb Cktbok n 1ckr .kr$bsk%

Jksehfb jb fhstrhtb fn \h$nhrb Gujunhrk nc 3%L2%3L2, mho`b fn Kjtbjhb Ckrthjs fn&buzk, Ckjbno mbh ekskfb ebc 4nbekehjk Cke`kfb Ckrthjs% =bh uc fbs !rhcnhrbscbrkfbrns fb $khrrb &åb Ouhz% +rk ebcnrehkjtn n suk rnshf-jehk mbh k !rhcnhrk k tnr ouznoètrhek jkunon obeko, rnsuotkfb fn snus !r!rhbs nsmbrébs !krk un mbssn mnhtk k n(tnjsåb

fk rnfn noètrhek !krk b $khrrb un thj`k nsebo`hfb !krk "h"nr%

CK!BNO CB!'NH\B" ruk.nok 0hstk +stk ruk tnc snu hjDehb jk 5sckho B"hok% &uk fnjbchjkéåb surihu ebc k onhjA 3%:M, fn L:%L:%:M%

Ckjbno Cbjtnhrb nrk inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb ebcb 8\neb*rneb7% +rk c#sheb,ebc!bshtbr n mbh cknstrb fn $kjfks fk ehfkfn%

CK!BNO \B\H+^NU TK!NO3" ruk+ofbrkfb Ebcnék jk ruk Ebrbjno Gbåb Oku n mhjfk jk Gbjns \be`k% &ukfnjbchjkéåb bmhehko surihu k !krthr fk onh jA :@3, fn L%L%M%

Ckjbno nrk rurkohstk, mho`b fn Gbåb \bfrhiuns <kjfnobt, jksehfb nc 3:M nc<brtuiko n mkonehfb k 3L%L3%33 nc Kjiusturk, Koèc <krkD$k*CI% + fn +o"hrk \bfrhiunsfk &ho"k, mho`k fn 0henjtn Ouhz fk &ho"k n Okurnjthjk \nihjkofk fn Gnsus, jksehfk nc 3:@

33:




n mkonehfk k %L@%3 nc Kjiusturk% Gbåb \bfrhiuns <kjfnobt, !br suk "nz, nrk mho`b fnCkjbno \bfrhiuns <kjfnobt n \bsk <nstkjk fn Gnsus, un jåb !ksskrkc kb .rksho%

CK!BNO '^\#LHB LK\LBUK" ruk/r-s Eruzns Ebcnék jk !rkék Kjtbjhb =nrrnhrk fn Kocnhfk% =bh jbchjkfk !nok onh jA23 ,fn 2%L%3%

Ckjbno /urD$hb nrk mujehbj)rhb !#$oheb mnfnrko n trk$ko`bu jb 4J+\%

CË\&HB LK\LBUK N &KU'\B" rukCnhk Okrkj'k <nok onh jA @, fn N%LN%3M2, mhebu fnjbchjkfk ruk C)rehb .kr$bsk fnEkstrb k "hk ktè njtåb snc fnjbchjkéåb, un ohik k ruk Ik$rhno fn Kjfrkfn Gujunhrk 6k"njhfk Int#ohb 0kriks% K onh jA 3%@@, fn 3L%3L%:L, fnu jb"k rnfkéåb kb krthib 3A fk onhjA @% <br nstn jb"b fh!obck oniko, nstk "hk tnc hjDehb jk ruk Gbsè <nrns, !r(hcb kbok"kfbr fn ekrrb fb Gbkuhc <nfrb, n mhjfk jk !rkék &njkfbr .btno`b% <nob ck!k!u$ohekfb !nok <rnmnhturk nc LLL, nstk "hk rnen$n b jbcn fn C)rhb <hrns fn Ekstrb%

CK\&B K^\>OHB" &B\B!NO" rukEktnfrko Ebcnék jk ruk <o$hb Ebrtns fn <kuok n tnrchjk jk !rkék 4r% 1rcnuGujunhrk .btno`b% K !krthr fk onh jA 3MN, fn L%33%3N3, !kssbu k fnjbchjkr*sn EbrbjnoCkreb Kurèohb k ruk un, !krthjfb fb eruzkcnjtb fk ruk <kfrn G#ohb, nc mrnjtn 6snsekfkrhks fb Fbs!htko, "kh tnrchjkr jk Ektnfrko%

Ckreb Kurèohb Cbjtnhrb fn .krrbs nrk mkznjfnhrb n irkjfn !rbfutbr fn ekmè fbcujheD!hb%

CK\HK KTK\N&HK TH!'B K &BU'K" ruk<hjiufk +stk ruk k!krnen jk !okjtk ekfkstrko $)shek fk !rnmnhturk, jk skDfk !krk bfhstrhtb fn <rb"hf-jehk, nc$brk jåb tnj`kcbs obekohzkfb k onh un o`n fnu b jbcn%

CK\HK LB'NO-B $^!;^NH\K" rukE`heb .kstbs Ebcnék jb mhjko fk ruk =rkjehseb fn Kjfrkfn .kstbs n tnrchjk juck!rkék !rb'ntkfk !krk b $khrrb, sniujfb k onh jA 3%N3, fn LM%L:%:3%

CK\HK &KU'K!-NH\K" rukCkrhk Iuhckråns =rkjék K onh jA 332L, fn 3%LN%@M, fb "nrnkfbr Iukjk`Yrb =rkikCbtk, f) fnjbchjkéåb k nstk ruk n fhz un nok tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk Kjt9jhb Ebutb =ho`bn mhjfk jk ruk E;jfhfk =k'krfb Okcbiohk%

K !rbmnssbrk Ckrhk .rDihfk Ekstkj`nhrk 4% Jnjèc, jksenu jk ehfkfn fn/k$uonhrb, nc L:%3L%3:@, mho`k fn Gbkuhc =urtkfb fn Cnfnhrbs n Ckrhk .)r$krk fk

Ebjenhéåb% 1 !kh fn 4% Jnjèc jksenu nc <brtuiko jb kjb fn 3:2 n mkonenu ncOnb!bofhjk jb fhk L fn 'kjnhrb fn 3L:% 4h!obcbu*sn !nok nsebok jbrcko fn 1urb <rntb%+rk, tkc$èc, !rbmnssbrk fn !hkjb% =bh jbcnkfk !krk b ekrib fn !rbmnssbrk, ncOnb!bofhjk, nc LM%L3%3:M% Eksbu*sn ebc .njtb .nrjkrfns Ekstkj`nhrk jb fhk : fnjb"nc$rb fn 3:M nc Onb!bofhjk, CI% +on jksenu nc .bc &uenssb, CI, n mkonenu jbfhk : fn ckhb fn 33 nc Onb!bofhjk% +rk mho`b fn Gbsè .nrjkrfns fn &buzk n 4nomhjk+usè$hk Ekstkj`nhrk% +c 33 4% Jnjèc kssuchu b ekrib fn fhrntbrk fb Iru!b +sebokr \h$nhrb Gujunhrk, nc su$sthtuhéåb kb !rbmnssbr Kuiustb fbs Kj'bs un, kfbnjtkfb, "nhb kmkonenr jkunon cnscb kjb% +c 33M trkjsmnrhu*sn !krk Ektkiuksns%

4% Jnjèc, un mkonenu nc :%33%3M, jb \hb fn Gkjnhrb n rnshfhu juck e`)ekrkun n(hsthk bjfn nst) b <boh"konjtn, jb kotb fbs <hrhjnus%

33




CK\HK K &B!&NH<5B !N''B LK'HU'K" ruk/r-s Eruzns +stk ruk rnen$nu fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko ktrk"ès fk onh jA 3N:, fnL:%33%3:, eu'b !rb'ntb mbh k!rnsnjtkfb !nobs "nrnkfbrns Kjtbjhb Ekrobs =nrrnhrk fn Kocnhfk n +oY \bfrhiuns Jnttb%

Ckrhk fk Ebjenhéåb jksenu nc %L:%3L2 n mkonenu nc 2L%L%3@% +rkonb!bofhjnjsn n kuh mkonenu% =bh ekskfk ebc Gbåb .kthstk =nrrnhrk Jnttb, tkc$èc jbcn

fn ruk fk ehfkfn, n fnh(bu bs mho`bs 4hbjèhk, un mbh !rbmnssbrk n 4hotbj, ehrurihåb fnjthstk%1 eksko !bssuDk uck !rb!rhnfkfn rurko jks !rb(hchfkfns fb $khrrb fks /r-s Eruzns%

0nr Gbåb .kthstk =nrrnhrk Jnttb%

CK\HK K O^. UHO(K" ruk[uhjtk \nshf-jehk 1 jbcn fnstk ruk surihu ebc k onh jA 2, fn L%L%% +ok tncsnu hjDehb jk ruk Kjt9jhb =nrjkjfns 0konjthc, !kssk !br uck "hok fn eksks o) n(hstnjtn nmhjfk jk ruk Jbssk &nj`brk K!krnehfk%

CK\HK B &K\CB KTK\N&HK UKONU" rukEnjtrb k un tnc hjDehb jk k"njhfk Ke)ehb &nr!k, !kssk !nob J#eonb Euruchc nmhjfk jk ruk 5fkohjk Ibcns 4bchjiuns% \nen$nu nstk fnjbchjkéåb ebc k onh jA @3, fn3%L%N%

CK\HK B &K\CB $^!;^NH\K (KOON" T\B)NUUB\K 8CK\H>HK?" ruk[uhjtk \nshf-jehk Ebcnék jk ruk Kokj UkrfneV n "kh ktè b !brtåb fb 4+\4n!krtkcnjtb +stkfuko fn +strkfks fn \bfkinc% &uk fnjbchjkéåb surihu ebc k onh jA3%N2, fn 3%L%:, fn kutbrhk fb "nrnkfbr Phosbj Gbsè 0konjthc%

Ckrhk fb Ekrcb .rhtb Gujunhrk, jksenu nc Eksekthj`k, <ntr!bohs \G% +rk mho`kfn Kjtbjhb \nhs Gujunhrk n Ckrhk Kcèohk 0ksebjenobs .rhtb Gujunhrk% Jbrckohstkmbrckfk !nob Eboèihb 5ckeuokfk Ebjenhéåb, onehbjbu furkjtn uksn fuks fèekfk jk +%

+% 1ckr \nsnjfn <nrns% =bh "hen fhrntbrk fkunok nsebok, !rbmnssbrk fk +%+% <rbmnssbr .btno`b \nhs n fb &+&5% +c 2%LM%@ eksbu*sn ebc Iokfstbjn 1oh"nhrk 0kon% =konenu kL@%33%:L%

CK\HK NC#OHK '-BC>" rukCkrhk Iuhckråns =rkjék <nob tn(tb fk onh jA 33, fn LM%L:%@M, nstk ruk njebjtrk*snhfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk =, jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb, tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk \k!`kno 5njjkeb nmhjfk jk ruk Ckrhk Ekstkj`nhrk%

Ckrhk +cDohk nrk mho k fn Jn_tbj 4RB"hok /`bcè, ebcnrehkjtn jb rkcb fnebc$ustD"nhs n rn!rnsnjtkjtn fb unrbsnjn 8Gkekrè7%

CK\HK +^HCK\5NU )\K!<K" lkhrrb+stn $khrrb k$rkjin ks ruk Ckrhk Ekstkj`nhrk, \k!`kno 5njjkeb, Eon$nr <nrnhrk&kons, Kjtbjhb Ebutb =ho`b, Krtùr Ckrkj`k, K$nokrfb Jujns fn Cbrkhs, Ckrhk +cDohk/bcè, Kjtbjhb Okcbiohk, E;jfhfk Ckrhk =% Okcbiohk n !rkék Ekrobs Ouz Cnjni`htn%

CK\HK HCK&ÔKK" 6rkék/r-s Eruzns <nok onh jA NM, fn L%LM%3MN, mhek fnjbchjkfk 4 Ckrhk 5ckeuokfk uck!rkék k snr ebjstruDfk jb $khrrb /r-s Eruzns, !r(hcb k uck chjk fR)iuk koh n(hstnjtn%

CK\HK $B(H'K K UHO(K" ruk<rkék fk .kjfnhrk K onh jA 2%@, fn %LN%LLL, f) nstk fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk un tnc

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3L




CK\HK BOH(NH\K \KCBU" rukEkhékrk 4hz k onh jA 3%3L, fn 3%L%@@, un nstk k "hk !#$ohek tnc hjDehb jk ruk Kjt9jhb=nrjkjfns 0konjthc n ebjstbu jb ck!k fk <rnmnhturk ebcb 8.neb jA L37%

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"nrnkfbr Jnohtb .kr$bsk \bfrhiuns, un hjmbrck snr k "hk !#$ohek un !krthjfb fk !rkék Krhsthfns .kfkr, ebjmou-jehk ebc ruk <bc!Dohb Iuhckråns, "kh tnrchjkr nc tnrrnjbs fn!rb!rhnfkfn fb .4CI n(*5jtnrtn(%Ckrhk \bsk fnfhebu irkjfn !krtn fn suk "hfk 6 Eksk fn Ekrhfkfn Onb!bofhjnjsn%

CK\HK \BUK TH\NU LKU'BU" ruk5c!nrkfbr Ebcnék jk ruk Kijnoob Ebrr-k fb .nc% &nu jbcn mbh bmhehkohzkfb !nok onh jA2%3, fn 3%3L%3% Jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk 32%

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CK\HK!K N BOH(NH\K &BU'K" ruk+ofbrkfb Ebcnék jk ruk 1sckr fn Kocnhfk%

CK\HK!K CK\H!-B &B\'NU" lneb\bs)rhb Ebcnék jk ruk Gbkuhc =nrrnhrk .rhtb%

CK\H>HK" T\B)NUUB\K" ruk

[uhjtk \nshf-jehk 0nr Ckrhk fb Ekrcb Gujunhrk 0koon%

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C)rhb Ckokuhks nrk fnsnj hstk n ebjstrutbr% =bh rns!bjs)"no !br uc irkjfnj#cnrb fn ebjstruéþns jk ehfkfn% fn suk kutbrhk, hjeoush"n, b !rb'ntb fn ebjstruéåb fk5irn'k n(hstnjtn jb $khrrb <hrhjnus% Jksenu nc Okrkj'ko, nc 3%LN%3L:, mho`b fn GbkuhcCkoke`hks fn &buzk n Ckrhk &bfrè% +rk ekskfb ebc Ihsnofk 4hntz fn Kocnhfk, jksehfknc 3L%L:%33M, mho`k fn Ekrobs Ekrrhtb fn Kocnhfk n Iuho`nrchjk 4hntz% Cbrkrkc snc!rnjk ruk 4bc Krhsthfns, kb okfb fk Chjk fn 1urb% &åb mho`bs fb eksko /nrnzhj`k \httz fn&buzk, ekskfk ebc 4k`hr fk &ho"kH Ckrhk Iuho`nrchjk fn &buzk mkonehfk, ekskfk ebcGbsè Ohs$bk 0kriksH Ckrtk fn &buzk "h#"k fn \bsnj"kofb Jbrbj`k CnfnhrbsH +f_hinsCkrhk fn &buzk ekskfk ebc Fuib CkrthjsH \bsk Ckrhk 4httz Kocnhfk fn &buzk ekskfkebc GnssY Gkhcn Qkc!hnr OkenrfkH &èrihb \u$njs /kfnu fn &buzk ekskfb ebc Ckrhk fnOburfns 4hksH n, Ckifk Ebnoh 4httz ekskfk ebc +fukrfb Eèohb <kjzk Kjfrè% C)rhbCkoke`hks mkonenu nc L3%L3%@%

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33




C)rhb fk Ebstk \kYbo, sniujfb b !rb'ntb fn onh un fnu jbcn k nstk "hk !#$ohek,jksenu nc 3:%LM%3L@ n mkonenu nc @%L:%@% +rk ekskfb ebc +jnfhjk Ob!ns \kYbo ebcunc tn"n snhs mho`bs%

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njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk +%

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ebjstk, mbh thrkfb fb mbrcktb fb cbrrb bjfn nst) b $khrrb% Kjthibs cbrkfbrns fk ehfkfn snrnmnrnc k uc okrkj'ko un tnrhk n(hsthfb jb obeko%

CN\&NNU \/ &K\!NH\B &N\;^NH\K" ruk=)$rhek K onh jA 33N, fn L:%3L%@M, f) jbcn k nstk ruk n fhz un tnc hjDehb jb jA @3 fkruk <bc!Dohb Iuhckråns, tnrchjkjfb jbs mujfbs fb 4J+\% <bstnrhbrcnjtn, ebc k onh jA3, fn %LM%L, mbh kotnrkfk k rnfkéåb fb krt% 3A fk onh jA 33N%

<nob ck!k !u$ohekfb !nok !rnmnhturk nc LLL, nstk ruk ebcnék jk k"njhfk Int#ohb0kriks n sniun !krkonok 6 ruk <bc!Dohb Iuhckråns%

Cnrenfns Enrunhrk nrk mho`k fn Ikrh$kofh Enrunhrk, tkc$èc jbcn fn ruk jkehfkfn, n mbh !rbmnssbrk furkjtn cuhtb tnc!b%

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1mhehko fb Ekrtrhb fn \nihstrb Eh"ho% Jksenu jb fhk L fn kibstb fn 3:2, mho`b fn+cDohb Kuiustb <nrnhrk <hjtb n FnrcDjhk E;jfhfk \kcbs% +rk hrcåb fn +cDohb \kcbs<hjtb, ') ehtkfb%

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3




CH!KU +N\KHU" ruk0kon fb &bo 4hz k onh jA 23M, fn %LM%, un fnu fnjbchjkéåb k nstk "hk !#$ohekun nok tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk &nrihj`b fb \beV n mhjfk !r(hcb k eksk \hekrfb <kjtnrk%Jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk 1%

CBK&H\ &^!-K" ruk

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CbrY fn <kuok .kthstk fnsenjfhk fn mkcDohk fn <hkektu$k, bjfn jksenu jb fhk23%L@%3LN, mho`b fn Kckfnu .k!thstk n 4hjbrk`% 5jhehbu*sn jk !rbmhssåb ebcb k!rnjfhz fnsnu !kh, tkc$èc mkrcke-utheb% =bh ohenjehkfb nc 3: !nok nsebok mkrcke-uthek fn ChjksInrkhs, "hjfb nstk$nonenr*sn nc 0hstk Konirn, nc 322% Jnstn cnscb kjb eksbu*sn ebc4kickr Ekc!bs .k!thstk, fn eu'k ujhåb th"nrkc snhs mho`bs% +c 3NL nstk$nonenu sukmkrc)ehk jk ruk \hkeùnob% +c sniuhfk, trkjsmnrhu*sn !krk k njtåb !rkék fk .kjfnhrkbjfn !nrckjnenu 6 mrnjtn fn suk mkrc)ehk Chjnhrk ktè 3N, ukjfb fnehfhu sn fnsmkznr fb jniehb% +c 3ML, nc sbehnfkfn ebc b snu mho`b Gbsè, k$rhu jb"k eksk jk ruk/hrkfnjtns n, nc 3@2, ebc b mho`b <kuob &èrihb, hjstkobu k 4rbikchjks, nc CkrktkDzns+&% =konenu k L%L@%@, "Dthck fn kehfnjtn kutbcb$hoDstheb%

C^\HOB \B\H+^NU TH!'B" ruk<rkék fk .kjfnhrk Ebcnék jk !rkék Qnuhj`k \nhs n tnrchjk jk +cDohk On"kssnur \be`k% k kjthik ruk &koikfb =ho`b%

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32




!NU'B\ K^+Û'B \B\H+^NU" ruk4bjk +uzè$hk * <krtn fk okfnhrk \hkeùnob, kjtns fb hjDehb fk ruk <kuohjb \bfrhiuns, "khktè k ruk 4hrenu .kr$bsk =k'krfb% &nu jbcn surihu ebc k onh jA 3%2L, fn LN%3L%@:%

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nc LM%L@%33, mho`k ckhs "no`k fn Ckrhk Ekrbohjk fn Cbrkns n fn Ouhz Gbsè Ibjzkik fnIbu"-k%

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4n Gbåb \bfrhiuns fk &ho"k sk$ncbs un nrk mho`b fn Ckjbno \bfrhiuns fk &ho"kn, !bssh"nocnjtn, Kjk .nrjkrfhjk 4RKocnhfk% 4n Ckrhkjk Eustfhk fn Cbrkns sk$ncbsun nrk mho`k fn Gbsè 0htko fn Cbrkns bu, 0htko 5ijkehb fn Cbrkns, jksehfb njtrn 3:3 n

3: nc Ebjenhéåb fn 5$hth!bek n mkonehfb nc 3@%L@%3:@ nc <hkektu$k*Onb!bofhjk n fn?c$nohjk Eksshkjb fb Ekrcb bu, ?c$nohjk E;jfhfk fn Cbrkns bu, ?c$nohjk Eksshkjkfn Gnsus, un fnu brhinc 6 fnsenjf-jehk k un !nrtnjenc bs kutbrns fnstn oh"rb%

0nr <kuohjb Kuiustb \bfrhiuns%

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3




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&nu !kh jksenu k L fn 'uo`b fn 3::, mho`b fn Eustfhb Okenrfk =nrrnhrk n Kuiustk+scèrhk \bfrhiuns% &uk cån nrk mho`k fn Kjtbjhb 0henjtn =nrrnhrk n Kjk Gbsè \bfrhiunz%

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Kjtbjhb 0henjtn =nrrnhrk, jksehfb nc 32 fn 'uj`b fn 3:M, nc Onb!bofhjk, nrk

hrcåb fn Kuiustk +scèrhk \bfrhiuns% Eksbu*sn ebc Kjk Gbsè \bfrhiunz k 3L fn k$rho fn3:@N jk Ek!nok J% &% 4brns Cbjtn Konirn fb \hb <bc$k, ktuko fhstrhtb fn 5tk!hrussu% KjkGbsè \bfrhiunz, jksehfk k L3%L:%3:N:, nc Onb!bofhjk, nrk mho`k fn Gbsè \bfrhiunsEkrjnhrb =nrrnhrk n Ckrhkjk +scèrhk fn &njk%

K $hsk" !ktnrjk fn JDzhk, Ckrhkjk =okushjk =nrrnhrk Jntb, nrk mho`k fn Gbsè 5jkehbfk &ho"k n Ckrhk =nohehfkfn% Cks, è ktrk"ès fn snus $hsk"s cktnrjbs un !bfncbshfnjthmhekr uck objik ksenjf-jehk "hjeuokfk kbs !b"bkfbrns fb enjtrb fn Chjks, fn bjfn"hnrkc bs !rhcnhrbs `k$htkjtns oh"rns fb =nh'åb Eru%

0henjtn \bfrhiuns =nrrnhrk nrk mho`b fn .njtb \bfrhiuns Ibcns n Wjinok Gbkuhjkfn Gnsus, jntb !ktnrjb fn .nrjkrfb \bfrhiuns n /nrnsk fn Gnsus% &uk ns!bsk n !rhckOuehkjk =rkjenohjk fk Kjujehkéåb nrk mho`k fn Kjtbjhb \bfrhiuns Ibcns =ho`b n Ckrhkjk

.nrjkrfhjk fn &åb Gbsè, jntk !ktnrjk fn Kjtbjhb \bfrhiuns Ibcns n Gkehjtk \bsk fnGnsus% K $hsk" Ckrhkjk +scèrhk fn &njk nrk mho`k fn Gbåb Iuko$nrtb =nrrnhrk .rhtb n

Ckrhk 0nj;jehk fn Kocnhfk% 0nr mkcDohks Kocnhfk \kcbs n =nrrnhrk .rhtb%

!B(K ONBTBOH!K" lkhrrb+stn $khrrb surihu jk fèekfk fn 3L n nst) kb suo fk .\ 33M, jb !bjtb nc un

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BN'N K UHO(K" rukGbsè Krrufk Ebcnék jk ruk +stnok fn Cnob%

3N




BONCK\ CB!'N!K\H" ruk.nok 0hstk =bh ktrk"ès fk onh jA 3%3@, fn L%3L%@@, un nstk "hk rnen$nu k ktukofnjbchjkéåb% Jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb nok nstk hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk jA LN% /ncsnu hjDehb jk ruk Gbsè =nrrkz n mhjfk jk ruk Kjtnjbr \h$nhrb fbs \nhs%

1ofnckr mbh $kr$nhrb skoåb .h'bu, ebcnrehkjtn n ns!Drhtk% +rk uc ehfkfåb fn "hfk

shc!ons n n(trnckcnjtn fnfhekfb 6 ksshst-jehk kbs ckhs ekrnjtns% +c kibstb fn 3@Nerhbu, nc ebj'ujtb ebc Kobhshb &bkrns =k'krfb, k &b!k fk =rktnrjhfkfn, un on"k b snujbcn, "hjeuokfk kb Enjtrb +s!Drhtk Kcbr kb <r(hcb%

Jb fhznr fn C)rhb fn =rnhtks, nc 8Onb!bofhjk fb Cnu /nc!b7, 1ofnckr Cbjtnjkrh8jåb mnz butrk ebhsk snjåb kckr bs snus sncno`kjtns% 1 snu ebrkéåb snc!rn nstn"botkfb !krk bs fnsnrfkfbs fk mbrtujk%7

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BO#CTHB CB^\5B )HO-B" +N!N\KO" ruk<hrhjnus * Ebcnék jk !rkék KoD!hb Kssujéåb% K onh jA :L:, fn L%L:%3@, fhz un 8mhekfnjbchjkfk ruk injnrko 1oDc!hb Cburåb =ho`b k "hk !#$ohek, snc fnjbchjkéåb, un!krthjfb fk !rkék KoD!hb Kssujéåb, ebjtbrjk tbfb b $khrrb &kjtk /nrnzk% ktè b obtnkcnjtbfb $khrrb +stn"ns%7

Injnrko Cburåb =ho`b fnstkebu*sn !br bekshåb fb cb"hcnjtb fn 3M%

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un kotnrbu b jbcn fk kjthik ruk <hkektu$k !krk Ebrbjno 1oh"hnr =k'krfb% Ebjstk un nstkruk tnrhk rnen$hfb, kjtnrhbrcnjtn, k fnjbchjkéåb fn <hnfkfn, un mbh b !rhcnhrb jbcn fbfhstrhtb fn <hkektu$k%

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Ekc!bs%1oh"hnr eksbu*sn, nc N fn mn"nrnhrb fn 3LN ebc suk !rhck 1zh-tk =k'krfb, mho`k

fb ebrbjno Gbkuhc =k'krfb fn Cnoob Ekc!bs% =bh ek!htåb fk Ehk% fb @@A .ktko`åb fn

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3:




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Kjthiks mbtbirkmhks fk <rkék

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Enjtrb * K !rkék Injnrko 1srhb è b kjthib okrib fk +stkéåb% Koh mhek"k, njtrn nstk !rkékn k !rkék Gbåb TT555, k +stkéåb fk +strkfk fn =nrrb Onb!bofhjk% Ebc k rnthrkfk fbstrho`bs n fk nstkéåb fk Onb!bofhjk n k fncbohéåb fb kjthib `btno Ibcns obeko bjfn nståbbs !rèfhbs fb .kjeb fb .rksho n fk Ekh(k +ebj9chek =nfnrko k !rkék mbh kc!ohkfk nhjtnrohikfk 6 !rkék \nernhb Onåb TT555, sniujfb Ouhz +ui-jhb .btno`b nc 8Onb!bofhjkfn Fb'n n fn 1jtnc7%

1srhb mbh `nrh fks ekc!kj`ks !krkiukhks%

BUKOB (HNH\K" B^'B\" rukEnjtrb Ebcnék jk !rkék <rbmnssbr Wjinob% k su$hfk !krk k Ektnfrko% Jb snu hjDehbnst) k hirn'k fn &åb <nfrb, un ') sn e`kcbu hirn'k fn Jbssk &nj`brk fk &bonfkfn,ukjfb mbh ebjstruDfk !nob <rbmnssbr Wjinob%

4r% 1s_kofb E`rhstb"kc 0hnhrk jksenu nc N%L@%3LL% =bh !rbmnssbr fk mkeuofkfnfn 1fbjtbobihk fn Onb!bofhjk n uc fbs cèfhebs ckhs fnstkekfbs fk ehfkfn% =konenu nc3L%33%3N@% Eohjhebu furkjtn 3 kjbs% =bh mkznjfnhrb, !rbmnssbr, "nrnkfbr n b !rhcnhrb!rnshfnjtn fb Kshob &kjtb Kjtbjhb% +(nrenu b ekrib fn !rnmnhtb jb !nrDbfb fn %33%N k

L%L3%@%B'B!HNO LK\LBUK" 9hokEnjtrb =hek jk ruk fks =obrns, jb tnrrnjb fk eksk bjfn cbrbu 1tbjhno% K onh jA MN2, fn23%L@%3M:, fnu jbcn fn "hok 1tbjhno \nsnjfn kb ebj'ujtb fn eksks rnshfnjehkhsn(hstnjtns njtrn bs j#cnrbs @ n 33 fk ruk fks =obrns%

1tbjhno mbh mujehbj)rhb fk Ehk =brék n Ouz Ektkiuksns Onb!bofhjk%

B''B OK&N\K )\K!<K" rukGkrfhc .kjfnhrkjtns Ohik k ruk fb Ebjtbrjb 6 ruk Gbåb Ckokuhks% &nu jbcn surihuebc k onh jA 33:3, fn 32%LN%@@% Jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb njebjtrk*sn fnjbchjkfk ebcb

ruk K% 1ttb nrk ckhs uc fbs hrcåbs fb n(*!rnmnhtb 1sckr Okenrfk =rkjék, Ohohu% 4urkjtncuhtb tnc!b trk$ko`bu jb .kjeb \h$nhrb Gujunhrk, bjfn e`nibu kb !bstb fn inrnjtn n

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!rnshfhu b \h$nhrb Gujunhrk &!brt Eou$n% +rk ekskfb ebc 4% Krchjfk n è !kh fb !rbmnssbr &èrihb =rkjék%

TK&#)H&B \B&-K" rukGkrfhc .nok 0hstk =bh ktrk"ès fk onh jA 2%2LN, fn 3N%L%LLL un sn fnu fnjbchjkéåbk nstk "hk !#$ohek un, jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk L, tnc

snu hjhehb jk k"% fbs +(!nfhehbj)rhbs n mhjfk jk ruk Kjfnrsbj <nrnhrk .nok%

TKÔH!B \B\H+^NU" &KTH'5B" ruk\bs)rhb Ohik ks ruks 4r% 1rcnu Gujunhrk .btno`b 6 <kuob Kmbjsb fn Cktbs%

<kuohjb Kuiustb \bfrhiuns nrk mho`b fn Gbåb \bfrhiuns fk &ho"k n Ckrhkjk\bfrhiuns fn Cbrkns, !rb!rhnt)rhbs fk mkznjfk <urh% Jksenu nc 3%3%3:@L,!rb"k"nocnjtn jk mkznjfk fbs !khs, bjfn nst) `b'n b sDthb <urhs, jk .\*33M, Vc @@M, jb$khrrb fk 1jék% +c 3L <kuohjb kfuhrhu k mkznjfk .nok Kurbrk, ebj`nehfk ebcbmkznjfk fb .kjeb, jk kjthik nstrkfk !krk <hkektu$k% =bh, khjfk, !rb!rhnt)rhb fn ckhs fntr-s fnznjks fn eksks ns!ko`kfks !nok ehfkfn, !rhjeh!kocnjtn jb $khrrb fb \bs)rhb%Eksbu*sn, nc !rhcnhrks j#!ehks, nc 3%L%3:3, ebc suk !rhck ?c$nohjk E;jfhfk\bfrhiuns n, nc sniujfks, ebc Ckrhk Gbsè Okenrfk Qnznek% 4bs fbhs ekskcnjtbsfnh(bu 3M mho`bs n uck njbrcn fnsenjf-jehk, $bk !krtn fnok rnshfhjfb khjfk jk ehfkfn%4urkjtn tbfk k "hfk <kuohjb mbh snc!rn uc k!bhb n nob fn ohikéåb fk mkcDohk% +(nrenu bsekribs fn fnonikfb fn !boDehk su$sthtutb n 'uhz fn !kz%

TKÔB" U5B" ruk+ofbrkfb K onh jA L, fn 32%L:%, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk &åb <kuob 6 "hk !#$ohekfnstk ehfkfn un tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk Eno% Gbåb Oku n mhjfk !r(hcb k uc $krrkjeb jkcnsck ruk%

[ukjtb kb `bcnjkinkfb, b oh"rb 81 &kjtb fb 4hk7, fn 4bc &nr"hohb Ebjth, 5%C%E%,

+fhtbrk 0bzns, 2 +fhéåb * 3:M, fhz un k ohturihk rbckjk snc!rn rnujhu bs k!stbobs<nfrb n <kuob juck s sbonjhfkfn, nc fn 'uj`b, !br ebjshfnr)*obs bs mujfkfbrns fk5irn'k \bckjk% <kuob jksenu !rb"k"nocnjtn jbs !rhcnhrbs kjbs fk nrk erhstå, nc /krsbfk EhoDehk, `b'n beu!kfk !nok /uruhk% +c$brk 'ufnu, k <kuob sn ktrh$uh b tDtuob fn ehfkfåbrbckjb, tko"nz !br !rh"hoèihb kjn(b 6 ehfkfn fn /krsb% ?sk"k uc jbcn 'ufnu, &kuob nbutrb rbckjb, <kuob, ebc b uko mbh cno`br ebj`nehfb% \nen$nu sohfk mbrckéåb jks&kirkfks +serhturks n jbs cètbfbs fk trkfhéåb fbs rk$hjbs% <nrsniuhu k ebcujhfkfnerhstå% <bstnrhbrcnjtn ebj"nrtnu*sn kb erhsthkjhscb% Jb kjb M@, mbh !rnsb !nobs `bcnjsfb hc!nrkfbr Jnrb n ebjfnjkfb !br sniuhr k rnohihåb honiko% =bh cbrtb n fnek!htkfb% 1!k!no fn <kuob jk hirn'k !rhchth"k mbh fn trkjsenjfnjtko rnon"b% Koèc fn tnr mujfkfb kscno`brns ebcujhfkfns erhstås jb cujfb `no-jheb, un mbrkc b nstnhb fk n(!kjsåb fb

Erhsthkjhscb jk Bshk Cnjbr, <kuob mbh b irkjfn tnobib un tnjtbu nok$brkr uck sDjtnsnfbutrhj)rhk fb chstèrhb fn Erhstb%

TKÔB K)B!UB B (KOON" ruk&åb &n$ksthåb K onh jA %@, fn 3%3%@, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk 6 "hk !#$ohek untnc hjDehb jk k"% fbs +(!nfhehbj)rhbs n mhjfk jk ruk fbs .rhtbs%

TKÔB K)B!UB +B!<KO(NU N CK'BU" ruk4bjk +uzè$hk K fnjbchjkéåb fnstk ruk sn fnu !nok onh jA 2%L:N, fn %3L%:% +ok tncsnu hjDehb jk ruk Ohjfbomb <hj`nhrb n mhjfk jk ruk <kuohjb \bfrhiuns%

<kuob Kmbjsb nrk mho`b fn Kmbjsb /nh(nhrk fn Cktbs n EneDohk Ibjéko"ns fn Cktbs%

=bh $kje)rhb n ebcnrehkjtn furkjtn cuhtb tnc!b% =konenu nc 3%33%3:% &nu !kh è,tkc$èc, jbcn fn ruk fk ehfkfn%

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TKÔB U>\+HB \NUN!N" rukGbkuhc Eustfhb Iuhckråns K onh jA 3:, fn 3N%L%::, f) fnjbchjkéåb k nstk ruk%Jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk =% /nc snu hjDehb jk !rkékG#ohb .kr$bsk n mhjfk jk ruk Gbåb .kthstk Ko"hc%

<kuob &èrihb fn Cnob \nznjfn, mho`b fn +(!nfhtb 0hnhrk fn \nznjfn n &uzntn/nrnzk nrk ekchj`bjnhrb n mkonenu k 2L%L2%3::, kbs N kjbs%

TN\B" U5B" lkhrrb n ruk.khrrb * ehtkfb jk onh jA @N, fn :%LN%3M2, un f) jbcn 6 ruk Kjtbjhb =nrjkjfns0konjthc% <br nstk hjfhekéåb, non sn ebjmujfn ebc b ktuko $khrrb Ekhékrk%\uk =hek jb $khrrb fk Chjk fn 1urb% Ohik k ruk <rbmnssbr Gbsè Ohjtz 6 &n$ksthåb<nrnhrk .nook%

1 jbcn fn &åb <nfrb è tkc$èc onc$rkfb juck ek!nok un mhek jb hjDehb fk ruk1s_kofb E% 0hnhrk, ek!nok nstk un ') mbh ebjskirkfk k Jbssk &nj`brk fk <hnfkfn bu, fk&bonfkfn%

TN\B K\K!'NU" B^'B\" ruk+stn"ns Ohik k ruk Jheboku +stn"ns 6 !rkék Fn$nr <nrnhrk &kons% &nu jbcn surihuebc k onh jA 3N@N, eu'b !rb'ntb mbh k!rnsnjtkfb nc 3@%L%: !nob "nrnkfbr JkYobr FkronY\% 4bchjiuns%

<nfrb \h$nhrb Krkjtns jksenu k 3N%LM%3:: jk ehfkfn fn \nsnjfn \G n mkonenunc Onb!bofhjk jb fhk L:%L%M% =ho`b fn Gbsè Pnjensoku fn &buzk Krkjtns n CkrhkInjnrbsk \h$nhrb, eksbu*sn ebc Burnk &!Djbok% =brcbu*sn nc bfbjtbobihk !nok=keuofkfn fb \hb fn Gkjnhrb n n(nrenu nssk !rbmhssåb furkjtn cuhtbs kjbs ncOnb!bofhjk% Onehbjbu jb Eboèihb Onb!bofhjnjsn n jk =keuofkfn fn 1fbjtbobihk n=krc)ehk fk ehfkfn% =bh "hen*fhrntbr n hjs!ntbr =nfnrko fb cnscb nfuekjf)rhb% +(nrenubs ekribs fn fnonikfb fn !boDehk, "nrnkfbr, !rnshfnjtn fk e;ckrk n !rnmnhtb% <krtheh!bu

fk erhkéåb fb +s!brtn Eou$n \h$nhrb Gujunhrk, fb \btkrY Eou$n fn Onb!bofhjk n fk\)fhb &behnfkfn Onb!bofhjk%

TN\B L\H'B !N''B" lkhrrb uc $khrrb rnokth"kcnjtn jb"b, un surihu njtrn k [uhjtk \nshf-jehk n k .\*33M%

&nu kenssb !rhjeh!ko è !nok ruk Jbssk &nj`brk K!krnehfk% K onh jA NNL, fn 2L%L%2,kutbrhzk b +(neuth"b Cujheh!ko k nmntukr obtnkcnjtb ebc nstk fnjbchjkéåb%

K$rkjin, fnjtrn butrks, ks ruks Wjinob Eboh, Cbjs% Iuho`nrcn fn 1oh"nhrk, Gbsè+"kjinohstk Iunfns, Gbsè \bfrhiuns PnrjneV, Oburnjéb +uzè$hb Kuiustb, Ouhz /brrns.krenobs, Ouzhk .bjhj, Jn_tbj .kr$bsk n !rkék Pkofnckr /k"krns fn Okenrfk%

&nu jbcn è uck `bcnjkinc kb sbirb fb ktuko !rnmnhtb, Gbsè \b$nrtb fn 1oh"nhrk%

<nfrb .rhtb Jnttb è mho`b fn Ikståb =nrrnhrk .rhtb n Kjk Onbfhjk Ibjéko"ns Jntb%<nob okfb !ktnrjb, è jntb fn Gbåb 0njturk =nrrnhrk .rhtb n Inbrihjk <nrnhrk PnrjneV%<nob cktnrjb, fn <nfrb Ibjéko"ns Jntb n Kjk +scèrhk fn Kocnhfk%

TN\B &>UK\ N UB^.K LKU'BU" B^'B\" rukE`heb .kstbs * K onh jA 3%N3, fn LM%L:%:3 fhz snr nstn b jbcn fk ruk un !krtn fk ruk=rkjehseb Kjfrkfn .kstbs, "kh ktè bs obtns fk ukfrk = n nst) obekohzkfk jb ck!k fbobtnkcnjtb njtrn ks ukfrks 4 n +%

TN\B CK'BOK" k9njhfk&åb Ouhz &niujfb b !rb'ntb un o`n fnu b jbcn, è k "hk !krkonok kb onhtb fk .\*33M, )

nsunrfk fn unc sniun jb snjthfb fb \hb fn Gkjnhrb% 5jhehk !r(hcb 6 njtrkfk fb $khrrb&åb Ouhz hjfb ktè b mhjko fb !bstb fb C)rhb Cktbok% &uk fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko bebrrnu k!krthr fk onh jA 2%3@, fn 3%L:%%

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<nfrb Cktbok jksenu nc Onb!bofhjk jb fhk : fn jb"nc$rb fn 3M, mho`b fn fn\kjuomb Cktbok Chrkjfk n Fbjbrhjk <ke`neb Cbrkns% <nfrb eksbu*sn ebc Oèk .kr$bsk,ebc unc tn"n bs mho`bs &hock Gbrintn, &huok Erhsthjk, <nfrb G#jhbr, \bièrhb n &hockrk%=bh =hseko fb /rkjs!brtn Ebonth"b fb 4J+\ n mkonenu nc Onb!bofhjk k @ fn ckhb fn3L%

TN\B HH" BC" trk9nsskEnjtrb Ohik k ruk Ebtnih!n 6 ruk <rnshfnjtn Ekrobs Ouz%

K irkjfn rnmnr-jehk `hstrhek fnstk trk"nssk è b mktb fn un jk suk nsuhjk ebc kruk Ebtnih!n nst) k kjthik eksk bjfn kocbébu b hc!nrkfbr nc suk "hshtk 6 ehfkfn%

<nfrb Ekrrkjb fn Ko$uunrun, nc 8+jebjtrb ebc bs Kjenstrkhs7, hjmbrck un b<nfrb fn Koe;jtkrk Gbåb Ekrobs Onb!bofb &ko"kfbr .h$hkjb =rkjehseb Tk"hnr fn <kuokChiuno Ik$rhno \kmkno Ibjzkik, b sniujfb hc!nrkfbr fb .rksho, jksenu jb <kéb 5c!nrhko,jb \hb fn Gkjnhrb, nc L%3%3:2 n mkonenu nc <krhs, nc LN%3%3:3% Ib"nrjbu b !kDsfn 3:23 k 3::, ukjfb mbh !rbeokckfk k \n!#$ohek% +c 3:L mbh fneokrkfb ckhbr nebrbkfb rnh% +, nc 3:2, eksbu*sn ebc k !rhjensk /nrnsk Erhsthjk Ckrhk, mho`k fn

=rkjehseb 5, rnh fks 4uks EneDohks%1 jbcn fk trk"nssk onc$rk k "hshtk fb 5c!nrkfbr 6 ehfkfn, nc 2L%L%3::3, bjfnnon kocbébu n nstn"n `bs!nfkfb !br uc eurtb !nrDbfb, juck eksk un mhek jk rukEbtnih!n, jk nsuhjk ebc k trk"nssk <nfrb 55%

&b$rn nstk "hshtk b 'brjko 1 Onb!bofhjnjsn, fn 3%L%3::3, fhz un !krk nok b$kjuntn mbh bmnrnehfb !nob \nstkurkjtn Ekrenonr% <krk kob'kcnjtb, mbh enfhfk k nonikjtnn "kstDsshck rnshf-jehk fb 4r% =% <% =nrjkjfns%

1 cnscb 'brjko, fn %L%3::3, hjmbrck un &uks Ck'nstkfns mhekråb jb <kjtkjb,fhk :H jb fhk kocbékråb nc <hrk!nthjik, sniuhjfb obib fn!bhs !krk &åb Inrkofb,fbjfn "botkråb !krk !nrjbhtkrnc jk mkznjfk fbs 4butbrns Ens)rhb Ko"hc n hrcåb% Jb fhksniuhjtn 2L%L%3::3, fn "botk fn ?$), kocbékråb jnstk ehfkfn sniuhjfb jb cnscb fhk!krk <brtb Jb"b ebc fnsthjb 6 E9rtn%

1 Onb!bofhjnjsn fn L3%LN%3::3 fhz un 4% <nfrb e`nibu 6s 33N `brks jk!oktkmbrck fk nstkéåb n mbh rnen$hfk !noks ebchssþns jbcnkfks !nob Eou$ KirDebok n5rckjfkfn fb &kjtDsshcb% K ebchssåb fb Eou$ KirDebok nrk ebc!bstk fbs srs% .kråb fnOnb!bofhjk n Eno% Gbkuhc Kjtbjhb fn Kocnhfk Ikck, bmhehkhs fk Iukrfk Jkehbjko fb 2@A$ktko`åb, "hen*e9jsuo fn <brtuiko, Ebjsno nhrb Gbsè Ekntkjb fn Kjfrkfn <hjtb,Cbjsnj`br Gbsè Kuiustb, nte% 4n!bhs fb kocbéb suk Ck'nstkfn, kebc!kj`kfk fb4n!utkfb Inrko Kjtbjhb Ko"krns fn K$rnu n &ho"k, fbs fhrntbrns fk +strkfk fn =nrrb nbutrbs, "hshtbu b Eboèihb J% &% fb Kc!krb, k ekfnhk n k E;ckrk% 4k ruk Cujheh!kosniuhrkc !krk k Cktrhz, bjfn rnzkrkc n "botkrkc 6 ki-jehk fk +strkfk fn =nrrb% >s

32NN ` k ebchth"k !krthu !krk <brtb Jb"b, e`nikjfb kb \hb fn Gkjnhrb 6s 2L `brks%

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TN\&HOHK!B N BOH(NH\K" ruk=)$rhek * 0nr ruk E1&/K C1J/+&%

TN\NH\K" 9hokEnjtrb =hek jk ruk fks =obrns nc tnrrnjb un !nrtnjen 6 mkcDohk <nrnhrk%

TN'\H!K +BCNU CK&-KB" ruk0kon fb &bo K onh jA 2%23:, fn LM%33%LLL, f) fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk un jb ck!k fbobtnkcnjtb nst) ebcb ruk +% +stk "hk tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk Gbsè <hjtb fk &ho"k n mhjfk jkruk F%

[ukjtb 6 `bcnjkinkfk sk$ncbs un jksenu jk Ok'hj`k, nc %LM%3L@ nmkonenu k 3:%L%3::, nc Onb!bofhjk% +rk mho`k fn Ckjbno Ekntkjb Ibcns n Ik$rhnokCbjtnhrb Ob$b% Eksbu*sn ebc 1t)"hb Cke`kfb fn Ekr"ko`b, mho`b fn Fbr)ehb Cke`kfb4hks n +f_hins Erhsthjk fn Ekstrb, nc 3N%LN%32L% =bh snr"hfbrk !#$ohek n trk$ko`bu jk.h$ohbtnek <#$ohek Cujheh!ko% 4nh(bu 33 mho`bs, njtrn nons, Ebjsunob Cke`kfb fn Ekr"ko`b,kutbrk fb oh"rb 8Injnkobihk fks =kcDohks Ekntkjb Ibcns n Cbjtnhrb Ob$b, 3LL*LLL7%

TH!+^K" lkhrrb b $khrrb un sn fnsnj"bo"n jks ckrinjs fk nstrkfk un sniun !krk b fhstrhtb fn

<rb"hf-jehk% K$rkjin, fnjtrn butrks, ks ruks Kjtbjhb Ohck fbs \nhs, =rkjehseb [unhrbik nGbåb 0henjtn Obe`k%

THB *HH" 6rkékEktnfrko =hek kb okfb fk Ektnfrko% Jnok nst) b !ko)ehb +!hseb!ko snfn fk 4hbensn% Ktè b mhjko fbs kjbs fn 3NL, 'ujtb kb !ko)ehb mujehbjk"k k rnfkéåb fb 'brjko 1Onb!bofhjnjsn%

<hb T55 mbh b <k!k un erhbu k 4hbensn fn Onb!bofhjk, ebjmbrcn $uok 8[ukn KfCk'us7, fn @%L2%3%

TH\H!NÛ" lkhrrb K Ikzntk fn %L:%333 mkok jk ekh(k fR)iuk jb cbrrb fk mbrek n fn uck enrek

ebjstruDfk jks /k$beks, !br Kfåb <nrnhrk \bfrhiuns, un hc!nfhk b tr;jshtb n kenssb 6chjk% 1 Onb!bofhjnjsn, fn L%LM%3:N fhz un b cbrrb fk =brek "kh tnr uc rnsnr"ktrhbfR)iuk% K$rkjin, koèc fn butrbs obirkfburbs, k !rkék KoD!hb Kssujéåb, ks ruks Ekstrb Ko"ns, Eh!rhkjb <nrnhrk .khk, =nrjkjfb Jb"khs fn 1oh"nhrk, Iustk"b Cbjtnhrb fn Ekstrb,Onbjbr .khk, Ckébjkrhk, Chotbj \kcbs <hjtb, /umhe Gbrin n &åb 0henjtn fn <kuob%

0nr, khjfk, =brek n /k$beks nc Kjthibs Obirkfburbs%

TO3LHB &B\'NU N TKÔK" ruk

Enjtrb Ebcnék jk !rkék Injnrko 1srhb n "kh tnrchjkr jk ruk <kfrn G#ohb% Kjtns fnrnen$nr nstn jbcn, nstk "hk mkzhk !krtn fk ruk &kjtk =hobcnjk% =bh k onh jA 3N, fn

32N




33%L@%3@2, un fnu jbcn fn 8<o$hb Ebrtns fn <kuok, 6 "hk !#$ohek un, !krthjfb fk!rkék Injnrko 1srhb, "kh ktè 6 ruk <kfrn G#ohb%7

<o$hb mbh ebcnrehkjtn jk ehfkfn furkjtn cuhtbs kjbs n snu nstk$nonehcnjtbebcnrehko mhek"k jk nsuhjk fk !rkék Injnrko 1srhb ebc ruk un rnen$nu b snu jbcn%

TBCT#OHB +^HCK\5NU" ruk

=)$rhek Ohik k ruk 0hjtn n &ntn fn K$rho 6 k"njhfk Int#ohb 0kriks%4r% <bc!Dohb jksenu nc 23%3L%3:N n nrk mho b fb mkrcke-utheb Ckrthj`b fn

Ekc!bs Iuhckråns n fn +reDohk =urtkfb Iuhckråns% +rk mkrcke-utheb, !rbmnssbr fkmkeuofkfn fn 1fbjtbobihk fn Onb!bofhjk n cèfheb ebjenhtukfb jk ehfkfn% +(nrenu bsekribs fn ebjsno`nhrb cujheh!ko n !rnmnhtb hjtnrhjb% =konenu nc 23%L:%32M% +sern"nu,fnjtrn butrbs, bs oh"rbs 8Jbcnjeokturk [uDchek7 n [uDchek 1ri;jhek7%

1 'brjko 1 Iukrkr), fn 3%L@%2, cnjehbjk Ckrthj`b fn Ekc!bs Iuhckråns ebcbtnjfb shfb uc fbs !rhcnhrbs mkrcke-uthebs fn Ckrh!) fn Chjks% 4hz k jbtk, hjeoush"n, unnon !rnstbu rnon"kjtns snr"hébs 6 ebcujhfkfn% Jåb sn njebjtrbu ckhbrns fntko`ns sb$rnk "hfk fnstn snj`br nc Ckrh!) cks è $nc !rb")"no un sn'k non b !kh fb 4r% <bc!Dohb,

un fn!bhs fn cbrkr nc Ckrh!) tnrhk "hjfb mh(kr rnshf-jehk nc Onb!bofhjk%TBTÔK\" lkhrrb

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32M




snr rnmnrhfb ebcb N \nshf-jehk% Jb obeko bjfn mhek"k k snfn fb 4+\ n(hsthk uc ekc!bfn mutn$bo%

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32@




+stn $khrrb sn ebjmujfn ebc b fk 0njtkjhk% <br "nzns è ehtkfb ebc Erhstb\nfnjtbr%

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mkonenu nc 3%LN%3M, jb \hb fn Gkjnhrb \G% +rk ekskfb ebc Fnonjk fn Kjfrkfn\h$nhrb Gujunhrk% Eursbu fhrnhtb nc &åb <kuob% Ebobu irku nc 3: n jb cnscb kjb mbhnonhtb fn!utkfb !nob &uo fn Chjks n nc 3:: rnnoninu*sn !nok Qbjk fk Cktk% +oninu*snkinjtn n(neuth"b fn Onb!bofhjk , nc 3L2% Jnssn cnscb kjb tbrjbu*sn fn!utkfb mnfnrko!br Chjks Inrkhs, ekrib !krk b uko mbh rnnonhtb sniuhfks "nzns% =bh snjkfbr, &nernt)rhbfn Kirheuoturk fb +stkfb, uc fbs mujfkfbrns fb Ihj)shb Onb!bfhjnjsn, fk Eksk fnEkrhfkfn, fk =brék n Ouz, fb .kjeb \h$nhrb Gujunhrk n fk =)$rhek fn /nehfbs%

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=konenu nc suk mkznjfk jb fhk 33%L2%N%

32:




\H'K N KUUHU" 6rkékCnhk Okrkj'k K onh jA 3%:N, fn 3:%3%:M, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn !rkék kb obirkfburb!#$oheb fk ehfkfn, bu sn'k, 6 !rkék !rb'ntkfk jb /nrchjko \bfb"h)rhb, k snr ebjstruDfbjnstk ehfkfn%

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32




=rkjehseb fn <kuok =nrrnhrk fn \nznjfn n(!ohek un bs ohchtns fb !ktrhc9jhb fn&åb &n$ksthåb, nc$brk jåb !ufnssn !rnehskr, 8kernfhtk"k snr b =nh'åb Eru n uc !nunjbokerhcko errnib un, "hjfb fbs okfbs fb enchtèrhb "no`b, ktrk"nssk k ruk fb \bs)rhb n,fn!bhs fn ') nstkr 'ujtb ebc b ebrrnibzhj`b un !kssk !nok Ekfnhk ktuko Eou$nOnb!bofhjk, ktrk"nssk k ruk 4hrnhtk n "kh njtrkr jb =nh'åb Eru7% 1 cnscb kutbr sn rnmnrn6 ruk fb \bs)rhb ukjfb mkok fb !rhcnhrb enchtèrhb fk ehfkfn 8shtukfb jb cbrrb un mhek"k!krk tr)s fk ruk fb \bs)rhb, jk nstrkfk un sn nstnjfhk !krk bs okfbs fn Okrkj'ko, Ekc!bOhc!b n 0hstk Konirn7%

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3L




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Jb oh"rb fn Ktks fk E;ckrk, jA M, mos 32, ebc fktk fn 3:@:, b "nrnkfbr /nh(nhrk

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okfb fk ki-jehk fbs Ebrrnhbs%

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\^LN!U )/ \NUN!N" 9hokChjk fn 1urb * =bh k onh jA @, fn 3@%3L%3@2, un fnu k fnjbchjkéåb fn "hok, jk ruk&åb <nfrb, kb ebrrnr fn eksks fn !rb!rhnfkfn fn \u$njs =% \nsnjfn%

UKO(KB\ \B\H+^NU" ruk&åb Erhst"åb /rkjs"nrsko 6 ruk Jhe)ehb &kons% K onh jA 3%23@, fn 3%3%@:, f)

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1s hrcåbs &ko"kfbr n \kmkno jåb sn fnfhekrkc 6 ok"burk ebcb k ckhbrhk fbshchirkjtns fn njtåb% &ko"kfbr nrk ebjstrutbr n \kmkno uc n(Dchb krtnsåb ebc ckfnhrk% Kskjthiks !botrbjks fb tnktrb Konjekr, $nc ebcb butrbs c"nhs njebjtrkfbs nc kjthiksrnshf-jehks fn Onb!bofhjk, mbrkc b$rk fn \kmkno \bfrhiuns ] \bfrhiunz%

Jåb sk$ncbs ebcb sn fnu k kuhshéåb fb tnktrb !br &ko"kfbr% 4beucnjtkfbtncbs k!njks un non !rnsnr"bu !krk suk mkcDohk b tnrrnjb kb okfb, bjfn "h"hk suk mho`kCkrhk fn Oburfns \bfrhiuns n \bfrhiunz ktè suk cbrtn nc 23%L@%LL% &niujfb onjfksmkchohkrns, k bmhehjk fb ckrenjnhrb \kmkno nstn"n obekohzkfk, furkjtn koiujs kjbs, jbtèrrnb fb ktuko sb$rkfb kb okfb fb ehjnck Konjekr bjfn !kssbu k rnshfhr k Ckrhk fnOburfns n snu ckrhfb Ikståb Enrunhrk Ob$b%

?ck hjmbrckéåb "nhb sn sbckr k butrks ns!krsks k rns!nhtb fb !rhcnhrb /nktrb fnOnb!bofhjk% Jb oh"rb d1 \hb Kjthib * <htbrnseb Cushekod, fn E% Ekrobs G% Pn`rs, 6 !)ihjk

3@@ njebjtrkcbs uck kjbtkéåb fb fh)rhb fb kutbr, nc butu$rb fn 3::M ?> tnktrb, b pr6fhb, nu b sncprn bo`kvk ebc enrtb rnenhb, pbrqun jåb kernfhtkvk jk suk nstklhohfkfn&3rk uck hcnjsk eksk fn pku-k-phqun, fhvhfhfk nc konrhks n ekckrbtns nc tbrjb fk pokt6hk, n, nclkh8b, ebjsthtu:fk fn ekfnhrks n lkjebs&? \nstk*jbs njebjtrkr butrksrnmnr-jehks un nseokrnékc nc un è!bek b !rèfhb brhihjko mbh fncbohfb !krk kebjstruéåb fb nfhmDehb un e`nibu kbs jbssbs fhks%

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&kjtb nrk hrcåb fn Gbåb Cnjni`htn, tkc$èc `bcnjkinkfb ebc jbcn fn uck "hk

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3




bs mho`bs k 4bchjibs Cnjni`ntth, fn 3%33%3L, nc Onb!bofhjkH $ Ckrhk 5sbohjkCnjni`ntth, fn 3L:, un ebjtrkhu j#!ehks ebc Gbsè Kjtbjhb &kjikooh, fn 3%L:%33LH e\nihjk Cnjni`ntth, fn 3:%3L%33, ekskfk ebc Gbsè =bmkjb, fn 3LH f &kjtb Cnjni`ntth,fn L3%3L%3, `bcnjkinkfb ebc b jbcn fnstk rukH n Krchjfb Cnjni`ntth, fn 3H m4hrenu Cnjni`ntth, fn 3:H i 1rokjfb Cnjni`ntth, fn L%L:%% +rcnjnihofbCnjni`ntth, htkohkjb jksehfb nc 3::, ekskfb ebc Injb"n"k Ekosk"krk, fn LM%L%3:L,!khs fn Ckrhk Cnjni`ntth, fn 2L%3L%33H Fnonjk Cnjni`ntthH =brtujktk Cnjni`ntthH KjkCnjni`ntthH &kjtn Cnjni`ntthH Gbåb Cnjni`ntth, ns!bsb fn Ckrhk Jkzkrnt` &bfrè n !khfn Ouhz 1t)"hb, rnfktbr fk Ikzntk fn Onb!bofhjkH =nohehb Cnjni`ntthH n, KjtbjhbCnjni`ntth% 4n Injb"n"k sk$ncbs snr mho`k fn Ihusn!!n Ekosk"krk n Kjjk&ekjtkc$uobH N +"k Cnjni`ntth, jksehfk nc 3::@, jk 5tkohk, mbh ekskfk ebc b htkohkjb=nohen Cbjtb"kjh% cån fn Ckrhk Cbjtb"kjh, jksehfk nc 3%L3%3H M =brtujktbCnjni`ntth, jksehfb nc Onb!bofhjk nc 32%LN%3:2 mbh ekskfb ebc =nobcnjk .bjhjh,mkcDohk un ') cnjehbjkcbs kjtnrhbrcnjtnH n, @ Ckrhk Cnjni`ntth, jksehfk nc32%LN%3:2 n ekskfk ebc b htkohkjb <hntrb Ikoohtb, jksehfb nc 3:, ncCbjtkijkjk^<kfb"k% Ckrhk n <hntrb såb bs !khs fn Kjtbjhb &kjtb Ikoohtb, fn 3%L3%33: n

fn Ouzhk Ikoohtb, fn L2%3%3%UK!'BU" 9hokEnjtrb +st) jk ruk fks =obrns% 1rhihjkocnjtn nrk ebc!bstk fn @ eksks ebjstruDfks!br Kijnoob 0htrko% &nu jbcn bmhehko, `bcnjkinc 6 ns!bsk fb ebjstrutbr fks eksks, mbhfkfb !nok onh jA 3M, fn 3@%L:%3N3 eu'b tn(tb fhz 8=hekc fnjbchjkfks, jk ruk fks=obrns, rns!neth"kcnjtn, "hok 0htrko, k un ebjmrbjtk ebc b $neb !#$oheb n b tnrrnjb fnFnhtbr Cbjtns n, "hok &kjtbs, k un mhek jbs mujfbs fk "hok 0htrko, njtrn uc $neb 6 fhrnhtk nk nsunrfk, tnrrnjbs fn Kjt9jhb 0kriks Jntb%

Kijnoob 0htrko jksenu nc K"njturnhrb, fhstrhtb fn Koèc <krkD$k, nc 3%3%3:%4nsenjfhk fn Gbsè .rkz 0htrko n +o"hrk fn =krhk 0htrko% Eksbu*sn nc L@%L@%33N ebc

Ckrhk Gbsè &kjtbs 0htrko, mho`k fn Gbsè 4hcks fbs &kjtbs n Ckrhk Kmrk fn Gnsus% 4nssnekskcnjtb såb bs mho`bs Inrkofb, Kurbrk, Iho, Gb$, Komnj, 5rkenck, Kfbjkh, Kurnk n \njè%+c 3L Kijnoob mh(bu rnshf-jehk nc Onb!bofhjk bjfn ktubu jb ebcèrehb ebc k suk8Eksk +ohtn7% =bh uc fbs mujfkfbrns fb \kehbjkohscb Erhståb nc Onb!bofhjk%

UNLKU'H5B K!'^!NU )B!UN&K" k9njhfkEkhékrk K"njhfk !krkonok kb onhtb fk .\*33M, jb okfb fhrnhtb fk rbfb"hk, jb snjthfb fnunc "kh !krk b \hb fn Gkjnhrb, k !krthr fb !bstb mhseko fk <boDehk \bfb"h)rhk =nfnrko% Kfnjbchjkéåb bmhehko fnstk k"njhfk bebrrnu ebc k onh jA 2%3@3, fn 3%L:%% 4hz b ehtkfbtn(tb oniko un nstk "hk tnc snu hjDehb jb <bstb fk <boDehk \bfb"h)rhk =nfnrko , bjfn snobekohzk"k k $kokjék, hjfb ktè k snfn fk &1OK&K, !krkonok 6 \bfb"hk \hb .k`hk 33M, kb

okfb fhrnhtb fn unc "kh nc fhrnéåb kb \hb fn Gkjnhrb*\G%&n$ksthåb Kjtujns fk =bjsnek jksenu nc /n$ks jb fhk 3 fn 'uj`b fn 33, mho`b

fn Gusthjhkjb Kjt9jhb fk =bjsnek n 1oik Kjtujns% Eursbu k nsebok !rhc)rhk ncEkrkjibok, bjfn cbrk"k suk k"% \ntbrjkjfb k Onb!bofhjk mbh koujb fb IYcjkshbOnb!bofhjnjsn jk fèekfk fn 2L% Eksbu*sn ebc 5"bjn =k'krfb ebc unc tn"n bs mho`bsGbsè Ouhz, Ckrhk K!krnehfk, Fnjbe` n U)thk% Koèc fn butrks !rbmhssþns un n(nrenukjtnrhbrcnjtn, mbh nserh"åb fb rnihstrb eh"ho fn Onb!bofhjk furkjtn 2L kjbs, tnjfbkssuchfb b ekrtrhb kjtnrhbrcnjtn fhrhihfb !br Chotbj \kcbs <hjtb, tkc$èc`bcnjkinkfb nc obirkfburb% =konenu jb fhk 3@ fn kibstb fn 3M%

UNLKU'H5B KTK\#&HB K (NH+K" ruk

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32




ruk <rb"hf-jehk jnstk ehfkfn% Ktukocnjtn nstk ruk tnc hjDehb jk ruk Gb"njs Iuho`nrcn,Enosb n Wjinob n mhjfk jk ruk Ik$rhno Kjfrkfn Gujunhrk%

&n$ksthåb K!krDehb, inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb !br 8/ktåb7, mbh uc ehfkfåb un cuhtb snfnfhebu kb ns!brtn jk ehfkfn n ktubu ebcb trnhjkfbr fn fh"nrsks nuh!ns%

UNLKU'H5B &KCTBU KO(HC" B^'B\" okrib

<rkék fk .kjfnhrk =hek jb hjDehb fk ruk &n$ksthåb <nrnhrk .nook%&b$rn nstn okrib n(hstn uck enrtk ebjmusåb k snr khjfk nseokrnehfk%1 !rb'ntb fb "nrnkfbr +oh \bfrhiuns Jntb, un sn trkjsmbrcbu jk onh jA MN, fn

23%L@%3M:, fnjbchjbu =nh'åb Eru k !rkék k snr erhkfk !nok kfchjhstrkéåb cujheh!ko fkè!bek jb $khrrb Chjk fn 1urb, njtrn ks ruks &n$ksthåb <nrnhrk .nook, &åb <nfrb, GbåbJntb n k "hok Ihofk%

\nenjtncnjtn nstn okrib rnen$nu b jbcn fn 4r% &n$ksthåb Ekc!bs Ko"hc, un mbh"ntnrhj)rhb n trk$ko`bu jk !rnmnhturk furkjtn koiuc tnc!b%

UNLKU'H5B )N\\NH\K OK&N\K" ruk+ofbrkfb K onh jA 2N, fn L%L%, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn 6 "hk !#$ohek fnstk ehfkfnun tnc snu hjhehb jk ruk Eno% Gbåb Oku n mhjfk jk ruk =%

&n$ksthåb Okenrfk mbh cbtbrhstk fn !rkék bu, tk(hstk, furkjtn cuhtb tnc!b%

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5rcåb fn Intbchr n Gbåb .nok ') ehtkfbs, eksbu*sn :%L3%3L nc Onb!bofhjk ebc&kjthjk &nookjh, mho`k fn &kjtn &nookjh n Kjk .hsehkhb% &kjtn jksenu jk ebcujn fn Jbenrk?c$rk, !rb"hjehk fn <nruihk, rnihåb fk ?c$rhk, 5tkohk% Kjk nrk jkturko tkc$èc fk <nruihkcks, fk ebcujn fn Iukofb /kfhjb% 1 eksko hjstkobu*sn jk Ebo9jhk Ebjstkjék, obtn ML, k

33%LM%33L% Koh jksenu suk mho`k &kjthjk un, k!s b ekskcnjtb ebc &n$ksthåb <nrnhrkfk .nook, !krnen tnr rnshfhfb koiuc tnc!b nc Curhkè, ehfkfn !krk bjfn snus !khs sntrkjsmnrhrkc%

UNLKU'H5B UBK\NU N BOH(NH\K" trk9nssk<hrhjnus 1 !rb'ntb fn onh jA 3M^@@, fn 3%L%@@, f) fnjbchjkéåb k nstk trk"nssk% 4hznon un b `bcnjkinkfb nrk inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb ebcb 8&n$ksthåb Ikrhc!nhrb7, tèejhebcne;jheb ns!nehkohstk nc rkfhkfbrns fn kutbs% /rk$ko`bu, furkjtn cuhtbs kjbs jksbmhehjks fk nc!rnsk Cbjtnhrb n &nr!k Otfk, kjthik ki-jehk =1\4%

UNLKU'H5B" U5B" lkhrrb

uc $khrrb jb"b un "nc surihjfb kb okfb fb kjthib onhtb fk nstrkfk fn mnrrb,fn!bhs fk .nok 0hstk, jks !rb(hchfkfns fb obeko inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb ebcb Okibk <rntk%+ståb jnstn $khrrb ks ruks .rhtbs n <kuob Kmbjsb fb 0koon%

&åb &n$ksthåb mbh chohtkr n, nc rkzåb fn suk mè, mbh !nrsniuhfb !nob hc!nrkfbr 4hbeonehkjb% =bh !rnsb n n(neutkfb !br "botk fb kjb 2LL% &nu euotb è cuhtb kjthib n$kstkjtn !b!uokr% !kfrbnhrb fn fh"nrsks ehfkfn, hjeoush"n fk jbssk%

0nr, kfhkjtn, /bcè Jbiunhrk%

UNOCB $^!;^NH\K" rukGbkuhc =urtkfb <hjtb Ebcnék jk ruk Ebrbjno Gbåb Oku%

&nocb nrk kf"bikfb n rurkohstk jk ehfkfn% =ho`b fn =rkjehseb /nbfbrb Gujunhrk n

Kjk .btno`b, mkonenu kbs M2 kjbs jb fhk L fn kibstb fn 3:::% +rk ekskfb ebc Ckrhk fbEkrcb Ohck%

3




UNCH!Ë\HB" lkhrrb\nen$nu nstn jbcn nc mujéåb fn tnr mujehbjkfb koh b &nchj)rhb Cnjbr Jbssk

&nj`brk K!krnehfk, erhkfb !br 4% 4nomhc \h$nhrb Iunfns% Fb'n nstn $khrrb sn ebjmujfnebc bs $khrrbs Krtùr Onåb, &kjtb Kjtbjhb n Kshob%

UN!-B\ BU TKUUBU" ruk

<hrhjnus K onh jA 3%:, fn L%L%:3, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk &nj`br fbs <kssbs 6 rukun hjhehk jk ruk <rbm% Iustk"b Cbjtnhrb fn Ekstrb n tnrchjk jk !rkék C)rhb Ckokuhks fn&buzk, !ksskjfb !nok hjf#strhk Ckickr%

Kb !rb!br nstk fnjbchjkéåb !krk k "hk b "nrnkfbr +oY \bfrhiuns Jnttb !rntnjfnuonc$rkr b ns!Drhtb erhståb fb !b"b onb!bofhjnjsn% Jnstk ruk nståb snjfb hjstkokfks ksnstkéþns fk 0hk &kerk%

UN\+H!-B B \B&4" ruk0kon fb &bo K onh jA 2%2:, fn 32%3%LL3, f) fnjbchjkéåb 6 "hk !#$ohek fb cujheD!hbfn Onb!bofhjk un tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk 4èoehb PnrjneV Cbrkhs n mhjfk jk ruk fks Ke)ehks%

&nrihj`b fb \beV è b jbcn krtDstheb fb ekjtbr n ebc!bshtbr onb!bofhjnjsn Kjt9jhb&èrihb Ohck =rnhrn un mbh, tkc$èc, mujehbj)rhb fk e;ckrk cujheh!ko% Jksehfb jb fhk Mfn butu$rb fn 3L jk e`)ekrk fn snus k"s !ktnrjbs, un obekohzk"k*sn jk ktuko ruk=krcke-utheb 4ur"ko .kstbs, nrk mho`b fn Kjt9jhb .kstbs =rnhrn n CkrDohk fn Ohck 4bjk&hj`kzhj`k% +stufbu jb iru!b nsebokr \h$nhrb Gujunhrk n jb kjthib eboèihb &kjtk/nrnzhj`k% 5jhehbu b kjthib eursb ihjkshko jb eboèihb &kjtb Kjt9jhb fn &åb Gbåb fno \nY nfn!bhs trkjsmnrhu*sn !krk b ihj)shb Onb!bofhjnjsn% <nrsbjkohfkfn "botkfk 6s krtns, jåb snkfk!tbu kb njshjb trkfhehbjko n snus !khs b!tkrkc !br on")*ob khjfk k nstufkr nchjtnrjktbs fn <ntr!bohs n fb \hb fn Gkjnhrb%

G) jk kfbonse-jehk !krtheh!k"k fn !rbirkcks fk \)fhb Onb!bofhjk, tbekjfb "hboåb

n ekjtkjfb c#sheks fn rbe2 , fbjfn surihu b k!nohfb% 4urkjtn 3L kjbs mbh mujehbj)rhb fkEkh(k +ebj9chek =nfnrko jb \hb fn Gkjnhrb% 4nsnsthcuokfb ebc k "hfk jk ehfkfn irkjfn"botbu k Onb!bofhjk n ebcnébu k trk$ko`kr ebcb snernt)rhb fk e;ckrk cujheh!ko, ekribun n(nrenu furkjtn kjbs% Eursbu khjfk b ckihstèrhb jk nsebok EJ+E n hjhehbu beursb su!nrhbr fn Fhstrhk jk =keuofkfn fn =hobsbmhk, Eh-jehks n Ontrks fn Ektkiuksns%=bh rnfktbr fbs 'brjkhs +uh!n n K /be`k% Erhbu b iru!b Ihskssbo Ckrk"ho`bsb n snurns!neth"b riåb fn hc!rnjsk, b Fh!jtheb% <hbjnhrb jk !rnbeu!kéåb neboihek ncOnb!bofhjk, k jkturnzk n snus kchibs mbrkc `bcnjkinkfbs nc suks ckhs fn :Lebc!bshéþns% =bh kutbr fn Chjnhrk Ibstbsk, hjsthtuDfk ebcb `hjb bmhehko fn Onb!bofhjkktrk"ès fk Onh jA %@:2% =konenu b jbssb irkjfn !bntk jb fhk L@ fn kibstb fn 3:N%

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UN'N N UN'NCL\B" rukEnjtrb Ohik k !rkék Ikck Enrunhrk 6 !rkék <rbmnssbr .btno`b \nhs%

3N




uck fks ruks ckhs kjthiks fk ehfkfn% Eurhbskcnjtn, fks !rhcnhrks ruks fkehfkfn è k #jhek un !nrckjnen ebc b jbcn brhihjko% <bssh"nocnjtn rnen$nu nstkfnjbchjkéåb nc 3::L, !nok ebchssåb mbrckfk !nok e;ckrk !krk fkr jbcn kbsobirkfburbs !#$ohebs fk ehfkfn, 6 uko jbs rnmnrhcbs jk hjtrbfuéåb fnstn oh"rb%

1 Kockjkun fn 3::N hjmbrck un jnok rnshfhkc b cèfheb 4r% Ekr"ko`b fn\nznjfn n b kf"bikfb 4r% =rkjehseb <% fn Okenrfk PnrjneV% K Ikzntk fn Onstn, fn 33%3L%3:L fhz un b sniujfb ukrtnhråb !krthk fb okrib fb

\bs)rhb n ruk /hrkfnjtns ktè k eksk fn jniehb fb <nfrb .krrk, jk nsuhjk fk &ntn fn&ntnc$rb% + b ukrtb, hk fk ruk &ntn fn &ntnc$rb ktè b sb$rkfb fn +ui-jhb .btno`b jkktuko !rkék Ikck Enrunhrk n /hrkfnjtns ktè k eksk fb /bckz fn Kocnhfk <hj`b% 1uhjtb ukrtnhråb !krthk fk eksk kb okfb fb sb$rkfb fb +ui-jhb .btno`b, jk ebjthjukéåbfk &ntn fn &ntnc$rb n sniuhk !noks /k$beks ktè b kotb fb &k!nekfb%

1 jbcn fk ruk `bcnjkinhk k fktk ckhbr fb jbssb !kDs%

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Jksehcnjtb, ekskfk ebc Kjtbjhb Ko"ns fn 1oh"nhrk%&nu jbcn, !br hjmbrckéåb fn mkchohkr, tnrhk shfb nc `bcnjkinc k uck fks mho`ks

fn Kotnchrb Chrkofk \bfrhiuns Kocnhfk% Kotnchrb nrk mho`b fb !rhcnhrb ekskcnjtb fb <kuohjb Kuiustb \bfrhiuns ebc suk

!rhck, !nob okfb cktnrjb, ?c$nohjk E;jfhfk \bfrhiuns, jksehfk nc 33%33%3:@3 n mkonehfknc LM%L@%33, mho`k ckhs "no`k fn Ckrhk Ekrbohjk fn Cbrkns n fn Ouhz Gbsè Ibjzkik fnIbu"-k%

0nr Jnstbr Kuiustb \bfrhiuns%

(H!'N N UN'N N KL\HO" ruk

=)$rhek Ebcnék jk !rkék Qnuhj`k \nhs n tnrchjk jk k"njhfk Int#ohb 0kriks% uck `bcnjkinc 6 fktk fk non"kéåb fb fhstrhtb 6 "hok n ehfkfn, bebrrhfk k

@%L%3:N%0kon onc$rkr un k ehfkfn fn Onb!bofhjk s !kssbu rnkocnjtn k n(hsthr jb fhk

L%L3%3:NN, ebc k suk sbonjn hjstkokéåb%

(H!'N N ^C N KL\HO" ruk/r-s Eruzns Ebcnék jk ruk =nrrnhrk .rhtb%

Jåb sn tnc kb enrtb k un fktk sn !rntnjfnu `bcnjkinkr ebc nstk ruk% 0hjtn nuc fn k$rho, è k fktk fb njmbrekcnjtb fb Komnrns Gbsè Gbkuhc fk &ho"k Tk"hnr, b

/hrkfnjtns, ehtkfb nc "nr$ntn !r!rhb% , tkc$èc, k fktk fk mujfkéåb fn .rksDohk, ek!htkomnfnrko, 3%L%3ML n, fk cbrtn fn /kjernfb fn Kocnhfk Jn"ns, b !rhcnhrb !rnshfnjtneh"ho k!s b cb"hcnjtb chohtkr fn 3M 3%L%3:M%

(H\+#OHB K\NHK 8(hriãohb fn Ubu1k !biunhrk?" 9hok<rkék fk .kjfnhrk =bh bmhehkohzkfk !nok onh jA 3%@2, fn 32%LM%@:, fb "nrnkfbr +oY\bfrhiuns Jntb% k fnjbchjkéåb fk "hok un, !krthjfb fk ruk Ckrne`ko 4nbfbrb, "kh ncfhrnéåb 6 8E`)ekrk 0hriDohb Krnhk7%

&niujfb b !rb'ntb fn onh un fnu jbcn k nstk "hk, 0hriDohb fn &buzk Jbiunhrk,inrkocnjtn ebj`nehfb !br 0hriDohb Krnhk, fnsenjfhk fn trkfhehbjko mkcDohk fn \nernhb%Jksenu nc 3:@2 n mkonenu nc 3M% =bh ekskfb ebc &uzkjk Jbiunhrk fn Gnsus, fn

jkehbjkohfkfn !brtuiunsk%

3N2




(H'\KO" 9hokEnjtrb =hek jk ruk fks =obrns% 1rhihjkocnjtn nrk ebc!bstk fn : eksks un mbrkcebjstruDfks !br Kijnoob 0htrko% &nu jbcn bmhehko mbh fkfb !nok onh jA 3M, fn 3@%L:%3N3eu'b tn(tb fhz 8=hekc fnjbchjkfks, jk ruk fks =obrns, rns!neth"kcnjtn, "hok 0htrko, k unebjmrbjtk ebc b $neb !#$oheb n b tnrrnjb fn Fnhtbr Cbjtns n, "hok &kjtbs, tkc$ècebjstruDfk !nob cnscb Kijnoob, k un mhek jbs mujfbs fk "hok 0htrko, njtrn uc $neb 6

fhrnhtk n k nsunrfk, tnrrnjbs fn Kjt9jhb 0kriks Jntb%0nr, nc "hok &kjtbs, fkfbs $hbir)mhebs fn Kijnoob 0htrko%

KONCK\ 'K(K\NU N OK&N\K" 6rkék<nfrb .rhtb Jnttb * +stk è k fnjbchjkéåb fk !rkék un nst) njtrn ks ruks Ouhz /brrns.krenobs, Cbjsnj`br Iuho`nrcn fn 1oh"nhrk n Oburnéb +uzè$hb Kuiustb, erhkfk !nok onh jA2L, fn L%L2%@%

Jksehfb :%L:%3::, nrk mho`b fn Gbsè \bcåb Ebrr-k fn Okenrfk n Ouhzk Kuiustk/k"krns, jntb !ktnrjb fb !hbjnhrb \bcåb <hj`nhrb Ebrr-k fn Okenrfk n suk !rhcnhrkns!bsk Kjk &n"nrhjb% Pkofnckr n(nrenu k !rbmhssåb fn $kr$nhrb n trk$ko`bu, tkc$èc, jb4J+\% 1 'brjko Jb"b Cb"hcnjtb fn Onb!bofhjk, jA 3, fn L%L3%3L, mkok fktrkjsmnr-jehk fn $kr fb Ohjfbomb <hj`nhrb n fk $kr$nkrhk fb Pkofnckr Okenrfk% +rkekskfb ebc Gu"njhok Ohs$bk, 4bjk 5kh) n rnshfhk jk ruk /hrkfnjtns%

KU-H!+'B! K!\HNU" 6rkék.nok 0hstk Erhkfk !nok onh jA 3%@, fn 3L%3L%:L, nst) obekohzkfk jks !rb(hchfkfns fkek!nok &åb .njnfhtb%

Gbrjkohstk n rnfktbr e`nmn fk Ikzntk fn Onb!bofhjk, nrk jkturko fn \nernhb n mbh,khjfk, ebcnrehkjtn, n(*mujehbj)rhb fk !rnmnhturk n cnc$rb fn ebjenhtukfk mkcDohk fkehfkfn%

HOUB! LN\LK\H" ruk.nok 0hstk K onh jA 3%:@, fn L:%L:%:M, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk Phosbj .nr$krh 6 "hk!#$ohek fnstk ehfkfn, un jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb fb $khrrb, njebjtrk*sn hfnjthmhekfkebcb ruk [% +stk "hk tnc snu hjDehb jk ruk \bokjfb Okfnhrk &koikfb n mhjfk jk rukCkjbno Cbjtnhrb%

Phosbj .nr$krh jksenu jb fhk LN fn fnznc$rb fn 33 nc Onb!bofhjk, mho`b fnEkrcèohk 4ucks n +ohks .nr$krh, snjfb jntb !ktnrjb fn /neok <nfrb .nr$krh n 5skke.nr$krh n jntb cktnrjb fn Gbkjk n Gbrin 4ucks% +stufbu b !rhc)rhb jb Eboèihb fks5rcås Ohjtz n b ihjkshko n ebcnrehko jb ihj)shb Onb!bofhjnjsn, nc Onb!bofhjk% Eksbu*snebc Ekehofk <kjzk, ebc unc tn"n b mho`b =nrjkjfb Phosbj <kjzk .nr$krh% =bhebcnrehkjtn, mujehbj)rhb fbs Ebrrnhbs, ekrjk"konseb n tbrenfbr fb +s!brtn Eou$n \h$nhrb

Gujunhrk% &nus ebjtnc!br;jnbs jåb nsunenc b snu eèon$rn irhtb kb njtrkr jb nst)fhb8/h%%%rk%%b%%5è %%%%%

HOUB! (KON!'HC" rukGbkuhc =urtkfb <hjtb =bh ktrk"ès fk onh jA 3%@M@, fn 3%33%:N, fb "nrnkfbr 4kreY Ouhz0% \nsnjfn, un nstk ruk rnen$nu tko fnjbchjkéåb% Jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb nok nst)hfnjthmhekfk ebcb ruk =% /nc snu hjDehb jk k"njhfk /kjernfb Jn"ns n mhjfk jk ruk <kfrnGbsè Ibcns 4bchjiuns%

Phosbj Gbsè 0konjthc nrk mho b fn 1ttb 0konjthc n Kohen \bfrhiuns 0konjthc,tkc$èc jbcn fn ruk fk ehfkfn% Jntb !ktnrjb fn Kjtbjhb =nrjkjfns 0konjthc un f)jbcn k uck "hk !#$ohek jb $khrrb fk [uhjtk \nshf-jehk% Phosbj mbh !rbmnssbr n "nrnkfbr%

0nr 0konjthc, "hok%

3N




*K(HN\ N UB^.K" ruk0njtkjhk K onh jA 3%@@, fn 3:%L:%@:, f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk Tk"hnr fn &buzk 6 "hk!#$ohek un !krthjfb fk ruk Jheboku Gbsè Okoujk, "kh fkr jk ekh(k fR)iuk !r(hck 6 "hokChrkofk, n un jb ck!k fb obtnkcnjtb ebjstk ebcb ruk .%

.N;^H!-K \NHU" 6rkék

<rkék fk .kjfnhrk * K kjthik !rkék fk .kjfnhrk tn"n snu jbcn cufkfb !nok onh jA M2@,fn %L2%3M:, !krk !rkék Qnuhj`k \nhs, juck `bcnjkinc k Gbsè \h$nhrb fbs \nhs,mkznjfnhrb, kirb*!neukrhstk, hjfustrhko, uc fbs mujfkfbrns n fhrntbr fk Ehk =hkéåb n/nehfbs Onb!bofhjnjsn%

Qnuhj`k \nhs mbh !rnmnhtb fk ehfkfn fn LN%L3%3: k 23%L3%3N3%0nr ckhs nc 8<rkék fk .kjfnhrk, $khrrb7%

.H!-B CB\KHU" ruk0hok Chrkofk K onh jA 3%@M, fn 3:%L:%@:, un f) fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk k nstk "hk, fhztrktkr*sn fb $neb un !krthjfb fk ruk Gkfnr .kr$bsk, sniun ktè b tnrrnjb fb 1rmkjktb% Jbck!k fk !rnmnhturk, fn LLL, nstk ruk k!krnen mkznjfb k ohikéåb fks ruks Gkfnr .kr$bskfn Ekstrb n Gnr9jhcb &ho"k%

.H.H!-K \N.N!N" T\B)NUUB\K" ruk5c!nrkfbr Ohik k ruk Kijnoob Ebrrnk fb .nc 6 ruk \njktb Cbjtnhrb Gujunhrk% =bhbmhehkohzkfk !nok onh jA 23:2, fn 3%3L%3%

Kjk Cbjtnhrb \nsnjfn, k 4bjk Qhzhj`k, onehbjk"k n fhrhihk, 'ujtkcnjtn ebc sukshrcås Jkhr n Ckrhk K!krnehfk Eheh, b eboèihb &kjtk /nrnzhj`k, fn skufbsk cncrhk !krkbs snus n(*koujbs, un mujehbjk"k jk ruk /hrkfnjtns%

1 jbcn hc!rnssb jk mbtbirkmhk è fk nsebok kjtnrhbr kb Eboèihb &kjtk /nrnzhj`k%

3NN




Kjthibs Obirkfburbs

G) mkokcbs fn ujs !buebs obirkfburbs fb hjDehb fk ehfkfn, jk hjtrbfuéåb fnstn

trk$ko`b% K !krthr fn kibrk trktkrncbs fkunons n fn butrbs ckhs, un ') sn !nrfnrkc jbtnc!b%

Kjtns, fn"ncbs rnihstrkr un !br "botk fn 3::N k ehfkfn !bssuDk, jåb ebjtkjfb ks

un jåb nstk"kc fn tbfb !rnnje`hfks, !rkéks n : ruks, tbfks ekoékfks n houchjkfks 6

unrbsnjn, ebjmbrcn rnihstrk b Kockjkun fkunon kjb%

+c 3:L, !nrckjnehkc ks uktrb !rkéks \bs)rhb, 0hsebjfn fb \hb .rkjeb, =èoh(

Ckrthjs n <rbmnssbr Wjinob n ') ebjt)"kcbs ebc fnz ruks \hkeùnob, /hrkfnjtns, &ntn

&ntnc$rb, <rhcnhrb fn Ckréb, Ebtnih!n, <ko`k, 4r% 0ksebjenobs, =obrns, .bk 0hstk n GbåbIuko$nrtb, sniujfb k Ikzntk fn Onstn, fn 33%3L%3:L, un !u$ohek jbtk fb su$fnonikfb

fn !boDehk fh"hfhjfb k ehfkfn nc jb"n ukrtnhrþns, !krk nmnhtb fn sniurkjék%

<br nstk jbtk, tkhs ukrtnhrþns nstk"kc ksshc fhstrh$uDfbs

3A * Ebcnék jk eksk fn jniehbs fn Kfrnohjb <hj`nhrb fn &njjk, !rb!rhnfkfn fn 0koèrhb

\h$nhrb fn \nznjfn, !nok ruk \hkeùnob ktè k eksk =nrrnhrk Jntb n Ehk, jk nsuhjk fb

Okrib fb \bs)rhb%

A * K !krthr fb okrib fb \bs)rhb n ruk /hrkfnjtns ktè k eksk fn jniehb fb <nfrb .krrk,

jk nsuhjk fk @ fn &ntnc$rb%

2A * K !krthr fk eksk fb 1oD"hb 0kriks Ebrrnhk, jb ebcnéb fk ruk <rhcnhrb fn Ckréb n !br

nstk ktè b kotb fk cktrhz%

A * \uk &ntn fn &ntnc$rb ktè b sb$rkfb fn +ui-jhb .btno`b n /hrkfnjtns ktè k eksk fb

/bckz fn Kocnhfk <hj`b%

NA * 4k eksk kb okfb fb sb$rkfb fb +ui-jhb .btno`b, ebjthjukéåb fk &ntn fn &ntnc$rb,

/k$beks ktè b kotb fb &k!nekfb%

MA * \uk Ebtnih!n, k !krthr fk eksk fb Eustfhb Eruz, ktè k nstkéåb n k ruk fk <ko`k%

@A * Okrib Ek!% =èoh( Ckrthjs ktè k su$hfk fk snrrk, !ksskjfb !nok e`)ekrk fb Gbåb

Oburnjéb =nrrnhrk fn Okenrfk, ruk 4r% 0ksebjenobs ktè k eksk fn =rkjehseb 0kriks

Ebrrnhrk%

:A * \uk fks =obrns ktè k ruk fk .bk 0hstk n !br nstk, ktrk"nssk k !bjtn ktè b kotb fk

"njtkjhk%

A * \uk Ek!htåb Gbåb Iuko$nrtb, Okrib <rbm% Kjinob n ruk fk .bk 0hstk ktè njebjtrkr k

ruk fks =obrns%

3NM




Ebcb sn !bfn b$snr"kr, koiucks fnssks !rkéks n ruks `b'n jåb ekrrnikc k

cnsck fnjbchjkéåb%

+ è !krk un jåb sn'kc fnmhjhth"kcnjtn nsunehfks, uck "nz un mkznc !krtn fk

`hstrhk fk ehfkfn, un k$rhcbs nstn ek!Dtuob fnfhekfb kbs Kjthibs Obirkfburbs fn

Onb!bofhjk%

&åb nons

KT\N!H.KB b jbcn !nob uko inrkocnjtn sn rnmnrhk 6 e`)ekrk bjfn mujehbjk"k b

8K!rnjfhzkfb KirDebok7, "hjeuokfb kb Ihj)shb Onb!bofhjnjsn, obekohzkfk jks !rb(hchfkfns

fk [uhjtk \nshf-jehk% Fb'n nssks tnrrks nståb uksn tbfks ur$kjhzkfks% Koh trk$ko`k"k b

kir9jbcb nstkfuko 4r% Gbåb 4kcksenjb <brtuiko, mhiurk cuhtb unrhfk jk ehfkfn, un

rnkohzk"k n(!nrh-jehks nc kirbjbchk tkjtb jb K!rnjfhzkfb ebcb jk mkznjfk fb +stkfb,`b'n +!kchi, jk Ok'hj`k% Kjthibs cbrkfbrns ebjtkc un k nstrkfk fb ebjtbrjb \hb*

.k`hk ebrtbu kb cnhb b K!rnjfhzkfb%

K mkznjfk fb K!rnjfhzkfb nrk ebjsthtuDfk fn !krtn fks tnrrks un !nrtnjenrkc k

+zk# fn Okenrfk Onko, mho`b fn Oburnjéb Gbsè Onko n Kjk Ektkrhjk =nrrnhrk fn Okenrfk,

jntb !ktnrjb fn Bo"krb <hj`nhrb Ebrr-k fn Okenrfk, jntb cktnrjb fn Gbsè =nrrnhrk .rhtb n

Ckrhkjk <kz fn Okenrfk, n hrcåb fn Gbåb Oburnjéb =nrrnhrk fn Okenrfk, un fnu jbcn 6kjthik e`)ekrk fn!bhs $khrrb Gbåb Oburnjéb% +zk# fnsenjfhk, !brtkjtb, fn fuks fks

kjthiks mkcDohks onb!bofhjnjsns bs =nrrnhrk .rhtb n bs <hj`nhrb Ebrr-k fn Okenrfk%

K\+H\H'K" 6rkék K !rkék Krihrhtk è k ktuko =rkjehseb <hj`nhrb fn Okenrfk% +rk ebj`nehfk, tkc$èc,

ebcb 8rbfb7 bu, !rkék fb !bstb 0:% =hek njtrn ks ruks Ik$rhno fn Kjfrkfn Gujunhrk,

Gbsè <nrns, Eustfhb Gujunhrk n k k"njhfk Int#ohb 0kriks%

3N@




&nu jbcn mbh cufkfb !nok onh jA 2@, fn N%L@%3M un b kotnrbu !krk =rkjehseb

<hj`nhrb Ebrrnhk fn Okenrfk% <br nstk è!bek nstk"k snjfb krtheuokfk k nckjeh!kéåb

kfchjhstrkth"k fb kjthib fhstrhtb fn Onb!bofhjk, nmnth"kfk k 2L fn fnznc$rb fn 3M, ebc

sbonjn hjstkokéåb fb jb"b cujheD!hb jb fhk L3 fn ckréb fn 3M2%

Krihrhtk, bu !nfrk fn !rktk jk oDjiuk inrko, mbh b jbcn fkfb kb kjthib Eurktb fn

.bc Gnsus fb \hb <krfb nc 32% &nu !b"bkcnjtb rncbjtk kb hjDehb fb sèeuob T5T,

snjfb ks !rhcnhrks snsckrhks fks ckrinjs fb rhb <krfb fbkfks nc 3:32 k fbhs

sb$rhj`bs fb komèrns Gbkuhc Gbsè fk &ho"k Tk"hnr n suks ns!bsks% =nohs$nrtb fk &ho"k

Ibjéko"ns, suk ns!bsk Kjk .nrjkrfk fk &ho"nhrk, b hrcåb fn =nohs$nrtb e`kckfb

4bchjibs Ibjéko"ns fn Ekr"ko b n k ns!bsk fnstn, Kjtbjhk \bfrhiuns E`k"ns,

rnen$nrkc snsckrhks nc jb"nc$rb fn 3:32% <bstnrhbrcnjtn butrks mkcDohks "hnrkc

rnshfhr jks hcnfhkéþns, hjeouhjfb k mkcDohk fn Gbsè <krkfnoks, uc fbs fbkfbrns fb

!ktrhc9jhb fb &nj`br .bc Gnsus% K M fn k$rho fn 3:2 mbh erhkfb b fhstrhtb jb cujheD!hb fn

\hb <bc$k% +c 3:M: mbh trkjsmnrhfb !krk Ckr fn +s!kj`k n obib k sniuhr !kssbu 6

su$brfhjkéåb kfchjhstrkth"k fn Onb!bofhjk, ckjtnjfb*sn ksshc ktè 3M%

K\\K!&K0'B&B

b obeko bjfn nst) `b'n b +st)fhb Cujheh!ko 1tkeYr Okenrfk =rkjék% Koh n(hsthk uctnrrnjb !okjb, cuhtb uthohzkfb !nok cnjhjkfk !krk k !r)thek fb mutn$bo% Ebcb b obeko

!bssuDk uc irkckfb hrrniuokr n e`nhb fn !nunjbs kr$ustbs un fnh(k"kc tbebs,

rnen$nu k fnjbchjkéåb fn Krrkjek*/beb%

LBK (HU'K" rukEnjtrb Ohik"k k ktuko &n$ksthåb <nrnhrk .nok 6 !rkék <rbmnssbr Wjinob%

Jb hjDehb nstk ruk mbrck"k ebc k ruk Ckjbno Ob$ktb, uc ekchj`b !krk bs trb!nhrbs

!rbenfnjtns fbs okfbs fb $khrrb fk 1jék bu, un !krk o) sn fnsthjk"kc%

3N:




&k$n*sn un nc 3::3 ') `k"hk rnen$hfb nstk fnjbchjkéåb n kjtns fn 3NL, snu

jbcn ') nrk Gbåb Jntb, uck "nz un k fnjbchjkéåb fn .bk 0hstk k!krnen nc butrk "hk

obekohzkfk jb $khrrb fb Enchtèrhb%

<krtn fnstk kjthik ruk .bk 0hstk, un "kh fk ruk fks =obrns ktè b hjDehb fk

&n$ksthåb <nrnhrk .nook, rnen$nu b jbcn fn Gbkuhc Ikrehk fn 1oh"nhrk% 1 trne`b un "kh

fk ruk fks =obrns ktè k !rkék <rbmnssbr Wjinob fnjbchjk*sn ruk Gbåb Jntb%

K Ikzntk fn Onstn, fn 33%3L%3:L hjmbrck un b bhtk"b ukrtnhråb nrk mbrckfb !nok

ruk fks =obrns ktè k ruk fk .bk 0hstk n !br nstk, ktrk"nssk"k k !bjtn ktè b kotb fk

"njtkjhk%

&niujfb b Kockjkun fn 3::N, jk ruk .bk 0hstk, jk Irkck, rnshfhk b su!onjtn fb

fnonikfb fn !boDehk, Wjinob Ob!ns fbs \nhsH b nserh"åb fk ebontbrhk, tnjnjtn Kurnohkjb

Ob!ns fn =krhk, bs jnibehkjtns Ckjbno <nrnhrk .brins, Ibjéko"ns Ehk, /`bckz <nrnhrkfb Kckrko Ohs$bk, Kjtbjhb <nfrb fk &ho"k Onssk, =rkjehseb Kjtbjhb \h$nhrb n Gbsè <nrnhrk

4utrk n b mnrrnhrb 4ncètrhb%

+jebjtrkcbs jb oh"rb @ fn ktks fk e;ckrk, mos @@ "nrsb, fktkfb fn L@%L3%3::3,

!nfhfb fn Gbkuhc Ob!ns Iuhckråns n fh"nrsbs cbrkfbrns fb $khrrb fk Irkck

rneokckjfb ekoékcnjtb, ktnrrb n butrbs cno`brkcnjtbs jk ruk .bk 0hstk% Jnstn cnscb

oh"rb, 6s mos% :L"nrsb, nc L@%L%3::3, trktk*sn fk jnensshfkfn fn ekoékr uc !béb jk ruk

fk .bk 0hstk% Jk mo% :"nrsb, nc L:%L%3::3, trktk*sn fk jnensshfkfn fn ekoékr k ruk fk.bk 0hstk !brun b tnrrnjb è cuhtb $kh(b n ebc ks eù"ks mhek hjtrkjsht)"no% + ') un k

e;ckrk jåb !bfn mkznr b ekoékcnjtb, fn"n b$rhikr bs !rb!rhnt)rhbs k ekoékrnc suks

tnstkfks ebjmbrcn ks !bsturks cujheh!khs n k e;ckrk ekoékr) k !krtn rnokth"k kbs

tnrrnjbs "kibs%

Khjfk jnstn cnscb oh"rb, 6s mos 3, nc L:%L2%3::3, nst) b rnihstrb fn un mbh

k!rnsnjtkfb brékcnjtb !krk b ekoékcnjtb fk ruk fk .bk 0hstk, ebjtrktkfb nc

L%L%3::3%1 oh"rb ekh(k fk e;ckrk cujheh!ko fn Onb!bofhjk, mos 3N, 3L%L:%3::3, rnihstrk un

mbh !kib k Gbsè fk Ebstk Ibfhj`b, ebcb kfhkjtkcnjtb ebjmbrcn ebjtrktb un ksshjbu

!krk on"kjtkcnjtb fk !bjtn jk \uk fk .bk 0hstk, LLZLLL% + kb mhseko, !nok ohc!nzk fb

errnib fk .bk 0hstk n ckfnhrks mbrjnehfks !krk b cktkfburb, k hc!brt;jehk fn @LZLLL%

>s mos 3:, ebc k fktk fn %L%3::3, nst) b !kikcnjtb mnhtb k Gbsè fk Ebstk Ibfhj`b

!nok #othck !rnstkéåb fb ebjtrktb fk !bjtn fk ruk .bk 0hstk, jb "kobr fn :LLZLLL%

LBK (HU'K" rukEnchtèrhb k ktuko ruk +jèks Okenrfk =rkjék%

3N




K onh jA @, fn 3:%L%3NL, sn rnmnrn k uck ruk .bk 0hstk, un n(hsthk jb $khrrb fb

Enchtèrhb% <br nstk onh, !kssk k fnjbchjkr*sn &åb Gbsè k !rkék mbrckfk !nok ebjmou-jehk

fk ruk =k'krfb ebc k ruk .bk 0hstk n nstrkfk kjthik fn Ektkiuksns% Obeko un nrk

ebj`nehfb ebcb okrib fb Enchtèrhb%

?ck butrk onh, k fn jA 333, fn : fn 'uo`b fnssn cnscb kjb, kotnrk k fnjbchjkéåb

fnssk ruk .bk 0hstk !krk ruk +jèks Okenrfk =rkjék%

LBCLK" ruk k ktuko ruk Ekrobs \u$njs Ekstrb Cnhrnons% k ruk un !kssk !nobs mujfbs fb

Eboèihb +stkfuko, ckrinkjfb b =nh'åb Eru%

+rk ebj`nehfk ebcb ruk fk 8.bc$k7 !brun koh n(hsthu, ukjfb fk k$nrturk fk ruk,

uc !béb krtnshkjb un mbrjnehk )iuk !krk k ehfkfn, kjtns fk ek!tkéåb fks )iuks fb rhb<hrk!nthjik%

L\0DM" rbfb9hk k nstrkfk ksmkotkfk un ohik Onb!bofhjk k Ektkiuksns% Fb'n rnen$n b jbcn fn

nstrkfk 1rcnu Gujunhrk .btno`b% &nu trk'ntb brhihjko, fn skh$rb, !kssk"k !nob $khrrb fb

Ohcbnhrb%

K k$nrturk fnssk jb"k nstrkfk n b snu ksmkotkcnjtb mbh, furkjtn cuhtbs kjbs,

!rbcnssk fn ekc!kj`k fn fh"nrsbs ekjfhfktbs k ekribs nonth"bs% 4nssn mktb surihu, jk

bekshåb, b snu k!nohfb fn 8nstrkfk tr-s fn butu$rb7, !brun nrk onc$rkfk sbcnjtn jk

è!bek fks nonhéþns, un bebrrhkc snc!rn jnssn fhk%

L^\K&B" ruk+stk è uck fks ruks un !bssh"nocnjtn tn"n b snu jbcn mh(kfb !nok ebchssåb fn

3::L% +c 3:@ e`kck"k*sn ruk fb .urkeb n, nc 3:L, ') è ehtkfk ebcb snjfb ruk fks

=obrns%

3ML




K onh jA :M@, fn %L3%3@2, kotnrbu b jbcn fk ruk fks =obrns, !krk ruk \kjuomb

Cktbok fn Chrkjfk cks obib nc sniuhfk nstk onh mbh rn"bikfk, !nrckjnenjfb k

fnjbchjkéåb kjtnrhbr%

Jb oh"rb jA M fn ktks fk e;ckrk, mos% M"nrsb, :%L%3:@, Gbsè &bkrns fk &ho"k

<ne`hje`k !nfn kutbrhzkéåb !krk ebjstruhr jb tnrrnjb "kib kjn(b 6 eksk fn Gbåb

Ibjéko"ns Jntb n !nrtb fk okfnhrk un "kh !krk k ruk fnjbchjkfk .urkeb% <kjfbu-sn

qun b hseko n b *ohj`kfbr ckrekssnc b tnrrnjb n qun b hjtnrnsskfb pkkssn bs fhrnhtbs %

>s mos% @3"nrsb, fnssn cnscb oh"rb, nc L3%L@%3:@, è hjfhekfk k k$nrturk fn uck ruk un

skhjfb fk ruk fb .urkeb ") njebjtrkr k ruk qun sbln pkrk k <ktrhz, kehck fk eksk fn

5båb (ntb, nc tnrrnjb enfhfb pbr .njDjehb fn *ocnhfk, fkjfb-sn k .njDjehb butrb tkjtb

tnrrnjb n ckhs #) pkocbs, fnvnjfb `kvnr jk cnsck ruk uck snrvhfåb fn ekchj`b ktè b

errnib%<br nstk #othck jbtk ebjeouh*sn un k ruk fb .urkeb, nc 3:@, ohik"k k ruk Gbåb

Jntb 6 fnsehfk !krk k ruk Gbkuhc Iunfns Cke`kfb% K su$hfk, k !krthr fkoh, ktè 6 Oueks

Kuiustb, mbh ebjstruDfk k!s L3%L@%3:@%

&KCH!-B B CNHBEktnfrko k ktuko ruk &kjtk =hobcnjk% Ohik k !rkék <rbmnssbr Wjinob 6 ruk <o$hb

Ebrtns fn <kuok%

Kb un !krnen b jbcn fn Ekchj`b fb Cnhb sn fn"n kb mktb fn nstk ruk ebrtkr b

cbrrb fk Ektnfrko kb cnhb bu, !br mhekr k cnhb ekchj`b fk ruk fk Irkck !krk k Ektnfrko%

&KCTB OHCTB" ruk k ktuko ruk \h$nhrb Gujunhrk% =bh k onh jA NL, fn %L%3, un kotnrbu k suk

fnjbchjkéåb !krk k ktuko%

1 fhstrhtb fn Ekc!b Ohc!b mbh erhkfb k 3%33%3:@:, fnjtrb fb cujheD!hb fn

Onb!bofhjk% K @ fn fnznc$rb fn 3: rnen$nu k fnjbchjkéåb fn \h$nhrb Gujunhrk, nc`bcnjkinc k nstk mkcDohk, un jb kjb sniuhjtn !kssbu k fnjbchjkr tkc$èc k ruk un

on"k"k b jbcn fb fhstrhtb%

&K'K+^KUNU" ruk\bs)rhb k ktuko ruk 4r% 1rcnu Gujunhrk .btno`b% =bh k onh jA M:, fn 3:%L%3M,

un fnu k fnjbchjkéåb fn ruk Ektkiuksns 6 jb"k ruk, snc fnjbchjkéåb, un ohik k

okfnhrk \hkeùnob 6 ruk Ohjfbomb <hj`nhrb fn Okenrfk%

\ncbjtk kb kjb fn 3:: k fbkéåb !krk b !ktrhc9jhb fn &kjtk \htk fk Cnhk

<ktkek, hjsthtuDfb Eurktb nc 3:2% K 3L fn butu$rb fn 3:N3 mbh non"kfb k fhstrhtb,3M3




su$brfhjkfb kb cujheD!hb fn Onb!bofhjk% Jb fhk N fn jb"nc$rb fn 3:@N mbh !rbcuoikfk

k onh fn suk non"kéåb k cujheD!hb, mktb s nmnth"kfb jb fhk L: fn sntnc$rb fn 3:@@,

ukjfb mhjkocnjtn Ektkiuksns fns"hjeuobu*sn fn Onb!bofhjk%

&K*HKU" ^;^N" okrib1 Kockjkun fn 3::N hjmbrck un b kf"bikfb 4r% Krhsthfns Enzkr fn Kocnhfk

!bfnrhk snr njebjtrkfb jb okrib 4uun fn Ek(hks%

Jk fh"hsåb fn 3:L, 6 uko jbs rnmnrhcbs jb hjDehb fnstn ek!Dtuob, jåb `) ukounr

cnjéåb k nstn okrib n jnjùck butrk hjmbrckéåb sb$rn non k!krnenu jbs fbeucnjtbs

ktè kuh !nsuhskfbs%

&NCH'>\HB" okribEnchtèrhb k ktuko !rkék &åb Gbsè, shtukfk nc mrnjtn kb !brtåb !rhjeh!ko fb

Enchtèrhb%

&B!&3\HK" okribJb oh"rb fn ktks fk e;ckrk fn jA M, ebc fktk fn L%LM%3:@@ nst) k !nthéåb fn Gbsè

<nrnhrk fn 1oh"nhrk bmnrnenjfb*sn k mkznr b irkfho fb okrib fk Ebjerfhk k uhjzn cho rnhs

b cntrb, ebc nstnhbs fn mnrrb k ehjeb cho rnhs ekfk uc%

Jb oh"rb fn ktks fn jA @, mos , 3L%L%3::L, uc 4r% <nstkjk fneokrk un b !rèfhbnc ebjstruéåb jb okrib fk Ebjerfhk, ebjukjtb b ebjstrutbr n(enfk b tnrrnjb ebjenfhfb

!nok e;ckrk, nstrnhtkjfb nc L !kocbs k ruk un "kh kb errnib n un !br hssb fn"nrhk

snr fncbohfb, sn'k jb njtkjtb ebjsnr"kfk k ebjstruéåb fn !nfrk ') mnhtk, ktnjfnjfb 6

hc!brt;jehk fk b$rk cks !kikjfb b ebjstrutbr !nok ebjenssåb fnstn n(enssb, ckhs cuotk

!br tnr nfhmhekfb nc !krtn snc ebjenssåb n !rè"hb !kikcnjtb fbs fhrnhtbs fn ebjstruéåb

ksshc ebcb k cuotk nc un hjebrrnu snc tnr !rn"hkcnjtn shfb kohj`kfb n ckrekfb b

tnrrnjb%

&B!U'K!<K" eboIjhkEbjstkjék såb ks tnrrks un mhekc jks hcnfhkéþns fb trn"b jk .\*33M, un f)

kenssb k /n$ks% &niujfb sn sk$n koh n(hsthu k mkznjfk Ebjstkjék un, !bstnrhbrcnjtn

nc!rnstbu snu jbcn 6 Ebo9jhk fn hchirkjtns un sn erhbu jb cujheD!hb%

&b$rn nstk Ebo9jhk, sk$n*sn un "hj`k snjfb !okjn'kfk fnsfn 3L% \noktrhb fk

4hrntbrhk fk Kirheuoturk, /nrrks n Ebobjhzkéåb, fnssn kjb, ksshjkfb !br Iuho`nrcn <rktns,

hjmbrck un ‟*e`k-sn shtukfk jb fhstrhetb fk ehfkfn fn +nbpbofhjk, k quktrb 2hoKcntrbs fk

3M




nstkéåb fk nstrkfk fn mnrrb& Lnc 0rnk fn #&FN&M)),)) cntrbs qukfrkfbs, fhvhfhfk nc

%) obtns, ebc enrek fn IM `netkrns ekfk uc n uc obrkfbhrb p@loheb&'

Cks k erhkéåb fk Ebo9jhk bebrrnu nc 3%L%33L, ktrk"ès fb 4nerntb +stkfuko jA

:L3 n !krk k suk ebjsthtuhéåb b Ib"nrjb kfuhrhu k mkznjfk EbjstkjékH k mkznjfk

&b$rkfhj`bH k mkznjfk .bk &brtn, ebc 3 kounhrns, nc L%L2%3L, ebjmbrcn b

Kjjukrhb Fhstbrheb E`brbirk!`heb fn Chjks Inrkhs fkunon kjbH k mkznjfk Cbfnob 4%

Kjtbjhk Kuiustk, nc 33LH n, ks mkznjfks <kocnhrks n &kjtb Kjt9jhb fb 1jék, nc 333%

Jnssks tnrrks, hjhehkocnjtn, mbrkc fnckrekfbs ML obtns% Ebc ks kuhshéþns

sniuhjtns k ebo9jhk !kssbu k ebjtkr ebc @2 obtns% 4nstns obtns, kb mhjko fn 33, k!njks

M nstk"kc beu!kfbs%

Ks eksks fk Ebo9jhk th"nrkc ebcb cbfnob !okjtk ks fk Ebo9jhk 0krinc Irkjfn,

uck ebo9jhk un ') n(hsthk, jks !rb(hchfkfns fn .nob Fbrhzbjtn% K Ebo9jhk Ebjstkjék nrk fhrhihfk !br rn!rnsnjtkjtn fb ib"nrjb, rns!bjs)"no !nok

"njfk fbs obtns, rnen$hcnjtb fks !rnstkéþns n brikjhzkéåb fk ebo9jhk% + ebjstk un b

!rhcnhrb fnons mbh b sr% =nrjkjfb &nookjh, mkchohkr fn &kjtb &nookjh, un beu!bu b obtn ML, k

!krthr fn 33%LM%33L n un !nrckjnenu jb !bstb ktè butu$rb fn 3L% <bstnrhbrcnjtn mbh

jbcnkfb !krk b ekrib Iuho`nrcn <rktns un, sniujfb k Ikzntk fn Onb!bofhjk, fn

@%LN%333, !nrckjnenu jb !bstb ktè 3M%LN%333, ukjfb mbh trkjsmnrhfb !krk k Ebo9jhk

&kjtk Ckrhk, nc &b$rko <hjtb^Kstbomb 4utrk% Jnssk cnsck bekshåb, fk &kjtk Ckrhk, "nhbb fhrntbr =èoh( &e`chft, un kfchjhstrbu k Ebjstkjék !br uc eurtb !nrDbfb !bhs, nc

2L%LM%333 "nhb k mkonenr% Kssuchu b ekrib, k !krthr fkD, b sr% Eohcèrhb 4ukrtn Ibfhj`b,

un ') n(nrehk k mujéåb fn ku(hohkr, fnsfn 'uo`b fn 3L n un !nrckjnenu ktè k tbtko

uhtkéåb fbs mhjkjehkcnjtbs fbs obtns n nckjeh!kéåb fk ebo9jhk, bebrrhfk nc L2 fn

ckréb fn 3L% 1 sr% Eohcèrhb rnshfhu jk snfn fk Ebo9jhk, un mujehbjk"k jk kjthik

mkznjfk .bk &brtn, `b'n fn !rb!rhnfkfn fbs `nrfnhrbs fn Gbåb .bjhj, bjfn mujehbjk k

nsebok !#$ohek un ktnjfhk 6s mkcDohks fbs ebobjbs n un sn trkjsmbrcbu jk ktuko +% C%Eohcnjn Ibfhj`b%

&B\>HK" lkhrrb+rk b jbcn ebrrnjtn fb $khrrb fn =)thck%

3M2




K!krnjtncnjtn b jbcn mbh fkfb !nobs htkohkjbs un koh "h"nrkc jb hjDehb fb sèeuob

fnznjb"n% /rktk*sn fn kjthik fkjék irnik, nc htkohkjb e`kckfk Ebrnk, cuhtb ebcuc jk

5tkohk, ebc $khokfb hjmkjtho cuhtb kihtkfb n ekjtbs, tkc$èc ebj`nehfk ebcb .koob fh &kj

0htb%

NU&K\B<KB\NU" ruk=)$rhek 1 jbcn !rb"èc fk kth"hfkfn fn rnthrkfk fbs ekrbébs fb koibfåb !krk

!rbensskcnjtb jk m)$rhek, rnkohzkfk juc iko!åb fn sk!è koh n(hstnjtn nc tnc!bs kjthibs%

Ebjtk*sn un koiucks mkcDohks !rbfutbrks fn koibfåb njekrrnik"kc suks mho`ks fb

trkjs!brtn ktè k m)$rhek, ebc hssb inrkjfb irkjfn kjshnfkfn !br !krtn fbs mujehbj)rhbs

un sn fnonhtk"kc ebc k !rnsnjék mnchjhjk%0nr ruk 5zkurb .rntks%

NUN!+K!B" k9njhfk=btb fb kruh"b fb Enjtrb Euoturko +s!kéb fbs Kj'bs jbs hjfuz k ebjeouhr un nstk

k"njhfk è k ktuko ruk Eustfhb Gujunhrk% /kc$èc, ktrk"ès fn mbtb, ebjstktkcbs un nok

rnen$nu, !bstnrhbrcnjtn, b jbcn fn k"njhfk &kjtk 5sk$no, fnjbchjkéåb fb fhstrhtb un

!kssbu k sn e`kckr K$kD$k%

0nr, nc Kjthibs Obirkfburbs, 5sk$no, &kjtk%

3M




H\NH'K" ruk\bs)rhb * +stk ruk n(hsthu jbs !rhcnhrbs tnc!bs fk ehfkfn% k ktuko ruk Ik$rhno

Ckiko`åns%

&b$rn nok ') jbs beu!kcbs jk hjtrbfuéåb fnstn trk$ko`b% Kernsenjtkcbs kuh,

ckhs koiujs fntko`ns%<nok ruk 4hrnhtk, e`nik"k*sn 6 Irkck, !br uc ekchj`b un, !bssh"nocnjtn, sn

trkjsmbrcbu jk ktuko ruk Gbåb Iuko$nrtb%

=rkjehseb fn <kuok =nrrnhrk fn \nznjfn n(!ohek un bs ohchtns fb !ktrhc9jhb fn

&åb &n$ksthåb, nc$brk jåb !ufnssn !rnehskr, 8kernfhtk"k snr b =nh'åb Eru n uc !nunjb

okerhcko errnib un, "hjfb fbs okfbs fb enchtèrhb "no`b, ktrk"nssk k ruk fb \bs)rhb n,

fn!bhs fn ') nstkr 'ujtb ebc b ebrrnibzhj`b un !kssk !nok Ekfnhk ktuko Eou$n

Onb!bofhjk, ktrk"nssk k ruk 4hrnhtk n "kh njtrkr jb =nh'åb Eru7%Jb oh"rb M fn ktks fk e;ckrk, 6s mos : "nrsb, %L2%3:@:, Eustfhb Eruz !nfn k

ebjstruéåb fn uc !bjtho`åb sb$rn b errnib fk ruk 4hrnhtk% Jk mbo`k N, L@%L%3:@, nst)

b eurhbsb rnihstrb fk onhturk fn uc bmDehb fn &ho"nrhb Kjtbjhb Cnjfns ebcujhekjfb un

tnjfb tbckfb uc vbchtbrhb jåb !bfhk ebc!krnenr% &n jb fhk sniuhjtn b tnc!b nsth"nssn

$bc, ebc!krnenrhk k mhc fn kenhtkr b ebjtrktb fn ekoékcnjtb fk ruk 4hrnhtk un `k"hk

krrncktkfb nc `kstk !#$ohek, ksshc ebcb b ekoékcnjtb fk !brtk fk hirn'k fb \bs)rhb ktè

k ruk =brcbsk%

Jnstn cnscb oh"rb, 6s mos @M "nrsb, N%L@%3:@, trktk*sn fk kfnukéåb fk ruk un

‟fk ruk fhrnhtk fhrhn-sn k cujhehpko pnob cbrrb fk <ktrhz, fn ebjmbrchfkfn ebc k pbsturk,

pbr qun jåb tnc N) pkocbs fn okrurk k fhtk ruk%7

K cufkjék fb jbcn fk ruk 4hrnhtk trbu(n !krk Onb!bofhjk uck rnmnr-jehk 6 "htrhk

nc Kuhfk$å un fnu mhc 6 Iunrrk fb <krkiukh% G) nc 3::L k cnsck ruk è fnjbchjkfk

<rhcnhrb fn Ckréb nc fbeucnjtbs fk e;ckrk cujheh!ko%

)NH$5B &\^" 6rkék n trk9nssk<rkék * Chjk fn 1urb =hek"k jb hjDehb fk ruk &n$ksthåb <nrnhrk .nook%

K hfèhk fb jbcn fnssk !rkék mbh fb njtåb "nrnkfbr +oh \bfrhiuns Jntb un

fnsn'k"k fkr k uck !rkék b !rhcnhrb jbcn !nob uko sn ebj`nenu b !b"bkfb fn

Onb!bofhjk% &nu !rb'ntb sn trkjsmbrcbu jk onh jA MN, fn 23%L@%3M: un 8fnjbchjbu

=nh'åb Eru k !rkék k snr erhkfk !nok ktuko kfchjhstrkéåb, jb $khrrb Chjk fn 1urb, njtrn ks

ruks &n$ksthåb <nrnhrk .nok, &åb <nfrb, Gbåb Jntb n 0hok Ihofk%7

1 obeko rnen$n `b'n b jbcn Okrib 4r% &n$ksthåb Ekc!bs Ko"hc%

3MN




/rk"nssk * Chjk fn 1urb b trne`b fk ktuko ruk Gbkuhc Iunfns Cke`kfb un "kh fk

nsuhjk fk ruk Gbsè Ohjtz ktè njebjtrkr*sn ebc k ruk fks =obrns%

)OB\NU'K" ruk

Enjtrb k ktuko ruk =rkjehseb fn Kjfrkfn .kstbs%Jnok, nc 3N, mbh ebjstruDfk k rnshf-jehk fb eno% =rkjehseb fn Kjfrkfn .kstbs,

sniujfb k rn"hstk .rksho <rbirnssb fn sntnc$rb fkunon kjb%

0nr, nc Obirkfburbs Ktukhs, =rkjehseb fn Kjfrkfn .kstbs%

)B\&K" cbrrbFb'n è ebj`nehfb ebcb <hrhjnus%

Ebjmbrcn rnoktb fn .krrbsb G#jhbr koh, ukjfb b krrkhko sn mnz "hok, nriunu*sn uck

mbrek bjfn mbrkc n(neutkfbs !nob cnjbs tr-s nserk"bs keuskfbs fb kssksshjktb fb snu

kcb%

+stk `hstrhk sn rn!ntn nc butrbs tn(tbs un fhznc, hjeoush"n, un b ekrrkseb tnrhk

shfb uc tko =brtujktb%

&niujfb b rnoktrhb fk <rnshf-jehk fk !rb"Djehk !krk b kjb fn 3:NM, nc sntnc$rb

fkunon kjb, jb njtåb fhstrhtb fn &åb Gbsè fb <krkD$k, b jbrtn kcnrhekjb Che`kno

GkeVsbj mbh kssksshjkfb !br snus nserk"bs 4k"h, Kcèrheb, Kjtbjhb, =rkjehseb, Chiuno,

0henjtn n Gbkuhc% <rnsbs n njekchj`kfbs !krk k ekfnhk !#$ohek fn Onb!bofhjk, mbrkc

'uoikfbs jb kjb sniuhjtn% [uktrb fnons, 4k"h, Kcèrheb, 0henjtn n Gbkuhc mbrkc

ebjfnjkfbs n njmbrekfbs jb fhk 3N fn fnznc$rb fn 3:N@% <nob cnscb rnoktrhb nstn

njmbrekcnjtb tnrhk shfb n(neutkfb !br uc butrb ekrrkseb un jåb b ehtkfb =brtujktb%

1 Kockjkun fn 3::N, fhz 8un nc 3:2 b rn"nrnjfb eurk Ckjbno Kjtbjhb rnzbu k

!rhcnhrk chssk juck tbsek ek!nohj`k, eb$nrtk fn $heks fn !kochtb n nrnetk jb kotb fb

cbrrb fb kjthib enchtèrhb n mbrek%7

4hz, khjfk, b cnscb tn(tb, 8un koh sn "-c kotbs ebcbrbs fn tnrrk cbrtu)rhbs ntnjfb*sn njmbrekfb o) ujs nserk"bs hjeursbs jk onh fn 3L fn 'uj`b, suenfnu un k uc

e#c!ohen fn cnjbr hfkfn m9ssn !bu!kfk k !njk ek!htko% Ebj`nencb*ob sbotb, fn!bhs fn

euc!rhfk k !njk un o`n mbrk hc!bstk kfbnenu irk"ncnjtn n jk `brk fk kibjhk, nriunu*

sn fb onhtb n nj"botb juc onjébo, ebcb uc mkjtksck, njekchj`bu*sn !krk 'ujtb fk eb"k

fn snus !krenhrbs, bjfn n(kobu b #othcb sus!hrb7%

+ ebc!ontkjfb k `hstrhk b kutbr kmhrck un 8+c "nrfkfn k rnohihåb jåb snjthk

shc!kthk !br tko "hzhj`kjék n !bhs b tnc!ob cufbu*sn, ebcb k krek, !krk b cnhb fb cbrrb

3MM




fn &åb &n$ksthåb, njtrn ks eksk, brk !nrtnjenjtns kb 4r% Kcèrheb Ob$b n k Gbåb Jntb,

snjfb kmhjko trkjsmnrhfb !krk b kotb, bjfn `b'n ekc!nk k hirn'k cktrhz7%

K Ikzntk fn Onb!bofhjk, fn %L:%333, mkok fk n(hst-jehk fn uck ekh(k fR)iuk jb

cbrrb fk mbrek n fn uck enrek ebjstruDfk jks /k$beks, !br Kfåb <nrnhrk \bfrhiuns, un

hc!nfhk b tr;jshtb n kenssb 6 chjk%

)B\CBUK" rukEbjmbrcn jbtk ') trkjserhtk nc ruk 4hrnhtk, jb oh"rb M fn ktks fk e;ckrk, mos N,

L@%L%3:@, mbh ohfb uc bmDehb fn &ho"nrhb Kjtbjhb Cnjfns ebcujhekjfb un tnjfb tbckfb

uc vbchtbrhb jåb !bfhk ebc!krnenr% &n jb fhk sniuhjtn b tnc!b nsth"nssn $bc,

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\bs)rhb ebc b $khrrb &nchj)rhb%

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!krk b ekoékcnjtb fn un mkokc, "hstb un nc !rhjeD!hb fb n(nreDehb fn"n n(hsthr k ckhbr

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cujheh!ko7% =bh jbcnkfk uck ebchssåb ebc!bstk fbs fbutbrns Kjtbjhb Fbrtk .kr$bsk n

Gbsè fn Cburk Jn"ns !krk brékr b ekoékcnjtb rnunrhfb bu 8ckekf;c7, fneokrkjfb

ukjtb sn !bfnr) ikstkr ebc uck bu butrk ebhsk%0nr ckhs nc Irkck, $khrrb, nc Obirkfburbs Ktukhs%

3M@




-K\CB!HK" @bjtn" ruk n 6rkék/1 oh"rb jA M fn ktks fk e;ckrk, mos N, nc L%L%3:@, hjmbrck nstkr snjfb

rn!krkfk k mbjtn fk Fkrcbjhk% + fhz k jbtk un è jnenss)rhb 8kucnjtkr k ekh8k f‘0uk fn

N k F pkocbs, ebobekr uc ekjb fn eùclb fk ekh8k kt6 k lhek, fnsckje`kr b pkrnfåbqun snrvn fn hjv7ouerb fb ekjb, rkskr k tnrrk pkrk b okfb fb pkrnfåb jk n8tnjsåb fn

#FF pkocbs qukfrkfbs%%%%%%%7

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fn !nfhfb k!rnsnjtkfb nc ktk kjtnrhbr ebjenfnjfb kb htkohkjb <ksukon Qk"ktkrb 3L

!kocbs fn tnrrnjb jk mrnjtn fk eksk un non nstk"k ebjstruhjfb jk ruk Fkrcbjhk, !krk

un non mhznssn uc 'krfhc jk mrnjtn fk eksk% Jk !nthéåb non `k"hk ehtkfb un b tnrrnjb

nstk"k fnsthjkfb k uc $neb njtrn k eksk fb &r% Guhz n k fnon% Jk ebjenssåb b obirkfburbè ehtkfb ebcb !rkék, jåb ruk n è n(hihfb un non mne`n b ns!kéb ebc mrkjfns fn mnrrb bu

ckfnhrk, jåb n(enfnjfb k koturk fn : !kocbs%

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4nsnjikjb%

3M:




\nihstrn*sn un nc 3 fn jb"nc$rb fn 3:L mbh erhkfb b fhstrhtb fn &kjtk 5sk$no,

fnjtrb fb cujheD!hb fn Onb!bofhjk% &nu tnrrhtrhb !rb"hj`k fb fhstrhtb fn Ebjenhéåb fk

.bk 0hstk% K 23 fn fnznc$rb fn 32 snu jbcn mbh cufkfb !krk K$kD$k, un jb fhznr fb

!kfrn K% Oncbs .kr$bsk, nc <nunjb 0bek$uo)rhb /u!h*<brtuiu-s, oh"rkrhk &åb Gbsè, \G,

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onb!bofhjnjsns bs =nrrnhrk .rhtb n bs <hj`nhrb Ebrr-k fn Okenrfk%Eksbu*sn ebc 5jkehk +chohk fn &buzk PnrjneV, mho`k fn 5jkehb fn &buzk PnrjneVn Ko$hjk Gbkuhjk fn Okenrfk% 1 eksko tn"n 3L mho`bs +scnrkofhjk, ekskfk ebc +chohbFhrse`H =rkjehseb, ekskfb ebc Ckrhk Ebjstkjék fn KocnhfkH 5j)ehb, ekskfb ebc 4nochrkfn &buzk PnrjneVH Ckrhkjb, jksehfb nc ckhb fn 3:NM nc Onb!bofhjkH Kjk, jksehfk nc 'uj`b fn 3:N@ nc Onb!bofhjkH Gbåb, jksehfb nc ckréb fn 3:ML nc Onb!bofhjkH Gbkuhc,jksehfb nc 'uo`b fn 3:M3 nc Onb!bofhjk n kD ekskfb k 3M%L@%3::2 ebc Ekrobtk EkjfhfkEk$rkoH Ckjbno, jksehfb nc fnznc$rb fn 3:M nc Onb!bofhjkH Kcèrheb, jksehfb nc 'uj`b fn 3:M nc Onb!bofhjkH n, +rjnsthjk, jksehfk nc k$rho fn 3:@L nc Onb!bofhjk%

K !rb!rhnfkfn fn Gbåb Oburnjéb jåb nrk cuhtb n(tnjsk% Ksshc mbh fnserhtk jb\nihstrb fn /nrrks fn 3:NM ?(& FN - 5båb +burnjéb nrrnhrk fn +kenrfk pbssun vhjtn n

fbus n cnhb koqunhrns fn Lnrrks, pbueb ckhs bu cnjbs, qun o`n ebuln pbr `nrkjék fnsnu mhjkfb !brb Hjkehb fn !buzk .nrjne2 jk mkznjfk 4njnvbonjehk nc ebccuc& !&+burnjéb % fn *lrho fn #GM%& > .h&= 5bs6 </ !boonhrb?

3M




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+c 3:@N Gbåb Oburnjéb nrk 8jnibehkjtn fn mkznjfks sneks nc Onb!bofhjk7%

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0nr ruk \bcukofb Gbkuhc fn &buzk%

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ebjstruéåb fk mnrrb"hk nstk"kc jb .rksho `) ckhs fn fnz kjbs, sn'k trk$ko`kjfb jkEbc!kj`hk ?jhåb 5jf#strhk bu jk +strkfk fn =nrrb 4bc <nfrb 55%1 mou(b fn hchirkjtns !krk Onb!bofhjk, !br ebjtk fk Onb!bofhjk \kho_kY Eb% Otf%,

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CK'\H." Kotb fk Kotb fk Cktrhz è b obeko bjfn nst) k Ektnfrko% Fb'n k !rkék rnen$n b jbcn fn !rkék4bc &ho"èrhb%

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3@L




Jb oh"rb ekh(k fk e;ckrk cujheh!ko fn Onb!bofhjk, kjb 3::3, jk mbo`k 3L, ebc kfktk fn L%LN%3::3, ebjstk tnr shfb !kib kb 4r% Gbåb fks E`kiks Ob$ktb fns!nsks ebc bekchj`b fk Cktrhz, jb "kobr fn N:ZNL% Jk mbo`k "nrsb, 2%L2%3:@:, nst) b !nfhfb !krkrbékr b cbrrb fk Cktrhz jk !krtn un "nrtn !krk k Irkck, k mhc fn un sn !bssk n(thjiuhr bs mbrchiunhrbs koh n(hstnjtns%

eurhbsb b$snr"kr un, jnstn oh"rb, ebjstkc ")rhks cnjéþns 6 n(thjéåb fnmbrchiunhrbs nc fhmnrnjtns ouikrns fb cujheD!hb%Jk mbo`k N"nrsb, fb cnscb oh"rb jA M, ebc fktk fn L%L%3:@, trktk*sn fb

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3@3




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Jb oh"rb M, 6s mos @M "nrsb, N%L@%3:@, trktk*sn fk kfnukéåb fk ruk un 8fk rukfhrnhtk fhrhin*sn k cujheh!ko !nob cbrrb fk Cktrhz, fn ebjmbrchfkfn ebc k !bsturk, !br un jåb tnc 2L !kocbs fn okriurk k fhtk ruk%7Jb oh"rb @ fn ktks, 6s mos 2, ebc k fktk fn 3L%LM%3::L, fhseutn*sn sb$rn ckjfkr kokrikr kruk un fnsen fk eksk fb 4r% Kcèrheb n skh jk ruk Cujheh!ko ‟n ksshc ckhs fb cbrrb fks phtnhrks kt6 k eksk fb rbmnssbr *jnob'& Jnssn cnscb oh"rb, 6s mos @L, nc L@%3%3::L,

nst) rnihstrkfk k jnensshfkfn fn ckjfkr rnebjstruhr k ekoékfk un fk !oktkmbrck fk+stkéåb fk nstrkfk fn mnrrb njtrbjek*sn jk ekoékfk fk ruk Cujheh!ko, ckjfkjfb*snk$kuokr b ekoékcnjtb !krk n"htkr k !krkfk fn )iuks jkunon ouikr n n"htkjfb kkiobcnrkéåb fb $krrb "hjfb fk nstrkfk fk Irkck koh n(hstnjtn%

0nr butrks jbtks jk ruk <rhcnhrb fn Ckréb%

!B(K" rukEnjtrb k ktuko ruk <rnshfnjtn Ekrobs Ouz%

=bh k$nrtk !br "botk fn 32L% \nen$nu b jbcn fn ruk /`n$ks cks !nrckjnenuebc b k!nohfb fn 8ruk Jb"k7 ktè $nc !bueb tnc!b%

BTN\Ë\HBU" ruk=)$rhek k ktuko ruk Ebstk Cbjtns%

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&nu jbcn `bcnjkink"k bs trk$ko`kfbrns fk Ehk =hkéåb n /nehfbs Onb!bofhjnjsn,k =)$rhek, un fnu brhinc kb $khrrb%

B\)K!K'B1rmkjktb è ebcb inrkocnjtn sn rnmnrhk 6s tnrrks un mhekc jk njebstk fk !nfrk fb

Eruznhrb%

&niujfb Ouhz +ui-jhb .btno`b nc 8Onb!bofhjk fn Fb'n n fn 1jtnc7, jb !ksskfb bobeko nrk ebj`nehfb ebcb e`)ekrk fb Gbåb =rkjék%

K hjsthtuhéåb 81rmkjktb 4bjk Onjhtk Gujunhrk7 mbh mujfkfk jb fhk @ fn kibstb fn3, tnjfb k mrnjtn b !kfrn Ihuohb =hbrnjthjh% &uk hjkuiurkéåb bebrrnu sbcnjtn k fnckhb fn 3M, kjbs k!s k cbrtn fn snu hfnkohzkfbr, ukjfb keboo`nu ks fuks!rhcnhrks `s!nfns% \nen$nu hjhehkocnjtn b jbcn fn <ktrbjktb 4bjk Onjhtk Gujunhrk% K!rhcnhrk `s!nfn, jksehfk nc <bjtn Jb"k jb kjb fn 32N, !nrckjnenu jk hjsthtuhéåb ktè 'kjnhrb fn 3M, ukjfb mbh njtrniun 6 5rcå Ik$rhnok, fk Eksk fn EkrhfkfnOnb!bofhjnjsn% K sniujfk koh !nrckjnenu ktè 3N2, snjfb njtåb kebo`hfk nc eksk fnuck fks trkfhehbjkhs mkcDohks fk ehfkfn%

TKO-K" rukEnjtrb Jåb sn tnc kb enrtb bjfn nstn"n obekohzkfk nstk ruk% K Ikzntk fn Onstn, fn33%3L%3:L fhz un b sn(tb ukrtnhråb ebc!rnnjfhk k ruk Ebtnih!n, k !krthr fk eksk fbEustfhb Eruz un sn su!þn tnj`k n(hsthfb jks !rb(hchfkfns fk nsuhjk fk ruk/hrkfnjtns, ktè k nstkéåb n k ruk fk <ko`k% K !krthr fnstk hjmbrckéåb kernfhtkcbs unsn'k nstk k ktuko ruk \h$nhrb Gujunhrk%

TKOCNH\KU" ruk<rkék fk .kjfnhrk k ktuko ruk +cDohk On"kssnur \be`k%

K cufkjék fb jbcn fn ruk fks <kocnhrks !krk <rbmnssbrk +cDohk On"kssnur

\be`k bebrrn ebc k onh jA :LL, fn @%L%3@%TKUUNHB" okrib Enjtrb +stn mbh b !rhcnhrb jbcn fk !rkék <rbmnssbr .btno`b \nhs% &nu jbcn mbhkotnrkfb, nc 3::L, !krk okrib 0hsebjfn fb \hb .rkjeb, !br hjfhekéåb fb "nrnkfbr /nbfbrbEkrjnhrb%

THK&K' LK" rukEnjtrb k ktuko ruk Eno% 1oh"hnr =k'krfb% E`kck"k*sn <hnfkfn ktè un b jbcn fbfhstrhtb cufbu !krk <hkektu$k% \nen$nu b jbcn ktuko, Eno% 1oh"hnr =k'krfb !nok onh jA 3,fn 2L%33%3M3%

1 !rhcnhrb jbcn fn jbssb ckhs kjthib fhstrhtb mbh Eurktb fn Jbssk &nj`brk fk<hnfkfn, !b"bkfb k !krthr fk fèekfk fn 2L fbs bhtbenjtbs% 5jsthtuDfb fhstrhtb nc 3L fnbutu$rb fn 3:N3, !nrtnjenjfb kb njtåb erhkfb cujheD!hb fn Ckr fn +s!kj`k, mbhtrkjsmnrhfb !krk Onb!bofhjk ukjfb fn jbssk nckjeh!kéåb !boDthek nc 3:N% K @ fnsntnc$rb fn 32, !br ebjtk fn onh nstkfuko un "ntk"k b usb fn jbcns rnohihbsbs ncujhfkfns !boDtheb*kfchjhstrkth"ks chjnhrks, rnen$nu b jbcn fn <hkektu$k un, jk oDjiukinrko, shijhmhek 8tnrrk fn injtn fn $bc ebrkéåb7%

TB!'N" rukOuhz \bussnku .btno`b, nc 8Ebrkéåb fn Cnjhjb7, !% 3LL, sn rnmnrn k nstk ruk, un

tnrhk n(hsthfb nc 3L3% 4hz non 8%%%%% mbh koh jb okrib <rbmnssbr Wjinob, cnscb jk nsuhjk

fk ruk fk <bjtn, bjfn `k"hk k eksk ebcnrehko fn uc ns!kj`bo7% Kernfhtkcbs un nstk ruk sn'k k ktuko Gbåb Jntb%

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T\HCNH\B N CK\<B" rukEnjtrb Ebjmbrcn sn "nr) k sniuhr, ebc!rnnjfhk ks ktukhs ruks Ik$rhno Ckiko`åns nOueks Kuiustb% Kjtnrhbrcnjtn e`kck"k*sn ruk 4hrnhtk% <bssh"nocnjtn tn"n snu jbcnkotnrkfb !nok ebchssåb fn 3::L, fk uko mkokcbs jk hjtrbfuéåb%

&niujfb b Kockjkun fn 3::N, jnstk ruk mhek"k b `btno Ekrjnhrb, b ekc$hstk<nrnhrk Ob!ns n Ehk%, b $kr$nhrb Gbsè Gbkuhc fk &ho"k Ebrrnk, k mkrc)ehk Ebjmhkjék fn

PnrjneV n Ekzhchrb, b kf"bikfb 4r% Kcèrheb Ob$b Onhtn <nrnhrk, b tnjnjtn Gbåb KjtbjhbChrkjfk, b ebjtkfbr Gbåb Iuho`nrcn Iknfn, b 'uhz cujheh!ko Kjtbjhb Kuiustb fn Ohck nsnus su!onjtns b tnjnjtn Ckjbno E;jfhfb fn 1oh"nhrk Ohck n b ek!htåb Kjtbjhb Gbsè Ko"ns\kcbs, b su!onjtn fn fnonikfb fn !boDehk ek!htåb Gbsè Kjtbjhb fn 1oh"nhrk Ckrthjs n bcèfheb 4r% 1tk"hb 1ttbjh%

K Ikzntk fn Onstn, fn 33%3L%3:L fhz un b sniujfb ukrtnhråb ebcnék"k jb okribfb \bs)rhb n ruk /hrkfnjtns n hk ktè k eksk fn jniehb fb <nfrb .krrk, jk nsuhjk fk&ntn fn &ntnc$rb% + b tnrenhrb, !krthk fk eksk fb 1oD"hb 0kriks Ebrrnhk, jb ebcnéb fkruk <rhcnhrb fn Ckréb n !br nstk e`nik"k ktè b kotb fk cktrhz%

1 Onb!bofhjnjsn fn :%L%3:N hjmbrck un nc %L, !nob fnerntb jA @, b sr%kinjtn n(neuth"b k$rhu uc erèfhtb n(trkbrfhj)rhb !krk kuhshéåb fn uc !rèfhb !krk ke;ckrk cujheh!ko% +stn erèfhtb, sbckfb k uc kjtnrhbrcnjtn "btkfb, sbck"k N%LLLZLLL!nok uko sn rnkohzbu k ebc!rk fb !kokentn un !nrtnjenu kb mkonehfb 4r% Gbsè Ens)rhb%

Jb tn(tb fb fnerntb jA @, k!s ")rhbs ebjshfnrkjfbs, hjeoush"n uc un fhz snr hjsu!brt)"no k e;ckrk nstkr 'ujtb ebc k ekfnhk, b krt% 3A fb fnerntb fhz mhek k$nrtb berèfhtb !krk kuhshéåb fb !rèfhb shtb 6 ruk <rhcnhrb fn Ckréb, !nrtnjenjtn kb 4r% [uhrhjb\h$nhrb Cbjtnhrb fn .krrbs n fnckhs ebjf9chjbs% + b cnscb 'brjko, jk suk nfhéåb fn3%LN%3:N, f) jbtDehk fn un k E;ckrk Cujheh!ko ') cufbu !krk b !kokentn fb 4r% GbsèEns)rhb%

1 oh"rb fn ktks jA @, mos NN"nrsb, fktkfb fn LM%L%3::L, Kcèrheb Ob$b Onhtn <nrnhrkkonik un mbh k$nrtk uck ruk un tnrchjk jk <rhcnhrb fn Ckréb 'ujtb kb !rèfhb jA 2@ n

jåb sn o`n fnu k okriurk jnenss)rhk, koèc fn k jb"k ruk snr nstrnhtkfk !br uc $krrkjebun fnsmhiurk k !rhjeh!ko un è k <rhcnhrb fn Ckréb% <nfn un sn ckjfn fnscbrbjkr b$krrkjeb% Jb cnscb oh"rb, mos :L"nrsb, L@%L%3::3, b cnscb Kcèrheb rneokck sb$rn keksk un k E;ckrk fb uktrh-jhb !ksskfb ckjfbu mkznr jk ruk Cujheh!ko, !bjfb nc!nrhib b !rèfhb jA% 2@ fk ruk <rhcnhrb fn Ckréb% Ckhs kfhkjtn, 6s mos ::, L@%L2%3::3, brnunrhcnjtb fb 4r% Kcèrheb è hjfnmnrhfb !brun b ‟suppohekjtn qukjfb ebcprbu k fhtkekzk fn 5båb Lnh8nhrk +bpns g0 n8hsthk k nsekvkéåb fk ruk <ujhehpko n ekoékfk, n pbr nssk rkzåb jåb ke`k gustb b qun b suppohekjtn n8hn fk EDckrk%7(nstn ketb, pnob .nrnkfbr ;r& 3fukrfb, ‟mbh rnqunrhfb qun sn hjshrk jk ketk qun vbtbuebjtrk k ebjstrueéåb fb pkrnfåb rnqunrhfb pbr jåb pbfnr k Ekckrk ketukocnjtn fhspbr fk qukjthk prnehzk pkrk nssn snrvhéb% K!rb"kfb%7

Jb oh"rb ekh(k fk e;ckrk cujheh!ko fn Onb!bofhjk, 6s mos 3N, ebc k fktk fnL3%L:%3::3 rnihstrk*sn un mbh !kib k Gbsè fk Ebstk Ibfhj`b, !nob on"kjtkcnjtb fkekoékfk jk ruk <rhcnhrb fn Ckréb, k hc!brt;jehk fn MZ@ML%

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T\B(H,!&HK" ruk k ktuko ruk Ik$rhno fn Kjfrkfn Gujunhrk% &nu jbcn mbh kotnrkfb !nok onh jA L,

fn N%LN%3M3%1 fhstrhtb fn <rb"hf-jehk mbh erhkfb !nok 4nerntb j#cnrb M3 fn L%LN%3:L, nc

tnrrhtrhb fb cujheD!hb fn Onb!bofhjk% uck fks rnihþns fk ehfkfn un, nc$brk tnjfb

shfb beu!kfk jbs !rhcrfhbs fn jbssb !b"bkcnjtb, ckhs tkrfhkcnjtn tn"n b krrkhkombrckfb% 4n 3:23, fktk fb ckhs kjthib fbeucnjtb un cnjehbjk snus kjthibscbrkfbrns, ktè bs kjbs sntnjtk fkunon sèeuob, snus ktukhs ohchtns nrkc beu!kfbs !br kjthiks mkznjfks% Ebc b surihcnjtb fk mnrrb"hk, nc tbrjb fn suk nstkéåb ebcnékrkc ksurihr ks !rhcnhrks ebjstruéþns un fnrkc brhinc kb fhstrhtb%

T^\:" @k1njfk1jék * Jb oh"rb Cke`kfb n \bfrhiuns fhzncbs un ks tnrrks fnstk mkznjfk, sniujfbhjmbrcns "nr$khs n jbssks b$snr"kéþns, k$rkjihkc k snrrk fbs <urhs, !rhjeh!kocnjtn k"nrtnjtn ebrtkfk !nok ktuko nstrkfk \hb*.k`hk, .\*33M, jb snu trne`b njtrn bs uho9cntrbs@@3 k @@@, jb $khrrb fk 1jék% &uk snfn, uc ekskråb kssb$rkfkfb, mbh fncbohfk !krk kebjstruéåb fk nstrkfk .\*33M, jb Vc @@M% =hek"k bjfn nst) b onhtb fk nstrkfk,k!rb(hckfkcnjtn enc cntrbs k!s k !bjtn fn ebjerntb koh n(hstnjtn, jb snjthfbOnb!bofhjk*\hb fn Gkjnhrb%

+stks tnrrks !ksskrkc kbs `nrfnhrbs fn Gbåb \bfrhiuns fk &ho"k n, !bstnrhbrcnjtn,$bk !krtn mbh trkjsmnrhfk !krk tnrenhrbs% Fb'n, k!njks ks !krtns `nrfkfks !br <kuohjb,Ckrthjhkjb, Kjk 0nj;jehk n Kjtbjhb Kuiustb, !nrckjnenc jks cåbs fn mkchohkrns%&niujfb ebjstk nstk mkznjfk <urh ebjmrbjtk"k ebc ks mkznjfks fk Ebjstkjék, .bk&brtn, 1jék n =obrnstk%

\N&\NHB" 6rkék

Enjtrb * k ktuko !rkék Gbåb TT555% K cufkjék fb jbcn fnstk !rkék bebrrnu ebc k onh jA :2, fn M%L@%3M2% K ehfkfn fn \nernhb jksenu ebcb fhstrhtb fn Onb!bofhjk k @%LM%3:L n ksshc

!nrckjnenu ktè 3@ fn jb"nc$rb fn 32:, ukjfb mbh nckjeh!kfk% &nu tnrrhtrhb hjhehko mbhuc fnscnc$rkcnjtb fn !krtns fb fhstrhtb fn Ebjenhéåb fk .bk 0hstk, ns!nehkocnjtn kobekohfkfn un "nhb k mbrckr b fhstrhtb fn &åb Gbkuhc, ktuko Kjikturkck, k 3 fnjb"nc$rb fb cnscb kjb%

1 Eurktb fn Ebjenhéåb fk .bk 0hstk mbh non"kfb k fhstrhtb nc 3L fn butu$rb fn3:N3, !nrtnjenjfb kb njtåb erhkfb cujheD!hb fn Ckr fn +s!kj`k% Ebc k nckjeh!kéåb!boDthek fn Onb!bofhjk, !kssbu k mkznr !krtn fn jbssb cujheD!hb% +c 32:, mbh trkjsmnrhfb!krk \nernhb%

1 jbcn fb cujheD!hb è uck rnmnr-jehk 6 mkznjfk fb \nernhb, fn !rb!rhnfkfn fbs hrcåbs5j)ehb n =rkjehseb =nrrnhrk .rhtb, !nrsbjkinjs fn irkjfn hc!brt;jehk jk fnmhjhéåb fbtrkékfb fk mnrrb"hk un ebrtk k ehfkfn%

\HK&-^NOB" ruk\bs)rhb * k ktuko ruk Gbkuhc =nrrnhrk .rhtb, un mkz k ohikéåb fk !rkék fb \bs)rhb kbEnchtèrhb% Ebcb sn "nr) kfhkjtn, b jbcn fn ruk \hkeùnob ') k!krnen nc kjbtkéþns fke;ckrk fn 3:@M% K kotnrkéåb !krk Gbkuhc =nrrnhrk .rhtb bebrrnu ebc k onh jA 2@, fnN%L@%3M%

K Ikzntk fn Onstn, fn 33%3L%3:L, fhz un b !rhcnhrb ukrtnhråb ebcnék"k jkeksk fn jniehbs fn Kfrnohjb <hj`nhrb fn &njjk, !rb!rhnfkfn fn 0koèrhb \h$nhrb fn

\nznjfn, !nok ruk \hkeùnob ktè k eksk =nrrnhrk Jntb n Ehk, jk nsuhjk fb okrib fb\bs)rhb%

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.krrbsb G#jhbr ebjtk un jnstk ruk, 'ujtb kb cbrrb fb Enchtèrhb, 8`k"hk uc rkje`bfn trb!nhrbs un jk"nik"kc !br nstns snrtþns%7

1 jbcn fnssk ruk nrk uck `bcnjkinc kbs chohtkrns $rkshonhrb un !krtheh!krkcfk $ktko`k jk"ko fn \hkeùnob, bebrrhfk nc 3:N%

1 oh"rb ekh(k, efhen N, mos 2@, fn 3%3L%3:@M, rnihstrk un mbh !kib 8!br ohcpkéåbfb ekjko fk ruk fb 9hkeùnoob,7 k hc!brt;jehk fn 2ZLLL%

Jb oh"rb jA LM fn ktks fk e;ckrk ebjstk k kjbtkéþns un sn sniunc >s mos "nrsb,nc 3%L2%3:@@, !nthéåb fb !rbeurkfbr fk e;ckrk n(!ohekjfb un b !rèfhb fk e;ckrk unn(hstn jk ruk fb \hkeùnob nst) nc ruDjks n !nfhjfb kutbrhzkéåb !krk "njf-*ob nc !rkék!#$ohek% Jk mbo`k , 2%L2%3:@:, nst) rnihstrkfb b rnunrhcnjtb !krk !kikr bs snr"hébsrnkohzkfbs jbs $urkebs njtu!hfbs fk ruk fb \hkeùnob, nc tnrrnjb fk e;ckrk%=hjkocnjtn, jk mbo`k M, ebc k fktk fn L@%L%3:@, Gbåb Ckjbno =nrrnhrk .rkjfåbfneokrk snr*o`n ebj"njhnjtn rnshfhr jk eksk fn !rb!rhnfkfn fk e;ckrk, jk ruk fb\hkeùnoob, un sn ke`k beu!kfk irktuhtkcnjtn !br Ckjbno =nrrnhrk Ckruns%

Jb oh"rb @, 6s mos M:, fktkfb fn 2L%33%3::L, nst) b rnihstrb un trktk fk jnensshfkfnfn ekoékcnjtb fk ruk fb \hkeùnob, rnfuzhjfb*sn 6 !nfrk ch#fk ks !nfrks fn un sn

ebc!þn, nstnjfnjfb*sn b ekoékcnjtb ktè b kotb fb encht6rhb jbvb% +c ktk fnL@%L%3::3, mos :, fnehfhu*sn !br k!njks ebjsnrtkr k ekoékfk n(hstnjtn jk ruk fb\hkeùnob jbs ouikrns bjfn mkotk"kc !nfrks n jåb mkznr b ekoékcnjtb fb cbrrb un on"kkb enchtèrhb%

\HB L\K!&B" (HU&B!N" okrib 86rkék?Ebjstk fb oh"rb @ fn ktks fk e;ckrk, 6s mos @L"nrsb, ebc fktk fn L@%3%3::L un,

k!s ckjhmnstkéåb fn !nskr !nob mkonehcnjtb fb 0hsebjfn fb \hb .rkjeb, b "nrnkfbr /nbfbrb Ekrjnhrb hjfhebu qun b okrb fb kssnhb f‘nstk Ehfkfn pkssn k tnr kfnjbchjkéåb rkék fb .hsebjfn fb 9hb 4rkjeb% 1 Kockjkun fn 3::N fhz un jnstnokrib njebjtrk"k*sn b !rbcbtbr !#$oheb n kf"bikfb 4r% Gbsè Ckrhk 0kz <hjtb Ebno`b

G#jhbr, b sbohehtkfbr tnjnjtn Ckjbno E;jfhfb fn 1% Ohck n k mkrc)ehk Enjtrko, fb ek!htåb Kjtbjhb Gbsè Ko"ns \kcbs%Ikzntk fn Onb!bofhjk, fn @%L2%33L fhz un b eno% Kmmbjsb Fnjrhun fn

Ko$uunrun kfuhrhu k mkrc)ehk Enjtrko, fb &r% Gbsè fn &buzk Ckruns n k hjstkokr) jbokrib 0hsebjfn fb \hb .rkjeb, 'ujtb kb Fbtno Kjtujns%

Ikzntk fn Onb!bofhjk, fn 3%L%333 mkok jb 'krfhc fb okrib 0hsebjfn fb \hb.rkjeb, un khjfk jåb mbh hjkuiurkfb n k non sn rnmnrn ebcb snjfb b 'krfhc enjtrko fkehfkfn%

<br nstks n koiucks butrks hjmbrckéþns, fnfuz*sn un nstn okrib è k ktuko !rkék<rbmnssbr .btno`b \nhs%

\B\H+^NU" eFekrk+rk uck e`)ekrk un n(hsthk jb mhjko fb $khrrb fk =)thck, bjfn nst) k ruk +reDohk

Iuhckråns%

UKO+KB )HO-B" ruk<rkék fk .kjfnhrk k ktuko ruk Curhob \bfrhiuns <hjtb%

&koikfb =ho`b mbh Chjhstrb fk Knrbj)uthek jb ib"nrjb fb !rnshfnjtn Int#ohb 0kriks%+rk ik#e`b n mkonenu nc kehfnjtn kèrnb%

UKTN&KB" kotb K Ikzntk fn Onstn, fn 33%3L%3:L fhz un b ukrtb ukrtnhråb ebc!rnnjfhk k ruk

&ntn fn &ntnc$rb ktè b sb$rkfb fn +ui-jhb .btno`b n /hrkfnjtns ktè k eksk fb /bckz fn Kocnhfk <hj`b n b uhjtb, thj`k hjDehb jk eksk kb okfb fb sb$rkfb fb +ui-jhb .btno`b

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ktuko !rkék Ikck Enrunhrk, jk ebjthjukéåb fk &ntn fn &ntnc$rb n sniuhk !noks/k$beks ktè b kotb fb &k!nekfb%

4nssk hjmbrckéåb sn ebjeouh un b &k!nekfb nrk b cbrrb fbs <hrhjnus, tko"nz jksuk !krtn un mhek ckhs !krk b okfb fb $khrrb +stn"ns% Ktè !brun jk mken fbs <hrhjnus,"botkfk !krk k ruk <rnshfnjtn Ekrobs Ouz, !nob un sn sk$n, n(hsthu uc enchtèrhb%

&niujfb kjthibs cbrkfbrns, b okfb fhrnhtb fb un !kssbu k snr ebj`nehfb ebcb<hrhjnus nrk eb$nrtb fn urthiks% ?js fhznc un fkD "hrhk b jbcn &k!nekfb% 1utrbshjmbrckc un b obeko nrk cuhtb !nfrnibsb n ebc !buek "nintkéåb rkstnhrk, snjfbebjstkjtncnjtn tbckfb !nob mbib jk è!bek fk snek%

UKTB" ruk[uhjtk \nshf-jehk +rk b jbcn !nob uko sn ebj`nehk k ktuko ruk Kjtbjhb =nrjkjfns0konjthc%

UB'N\B" rukEnjtrb Ouhz \bussnku .btno`b, nc 8Ebrkéåb fn Cnjhjb7, !% 3L3, sn rnmnrn kb obekoebcb snjfb 8k nstrkfk fb kjthib Fbtno fb &btnrb, un !kssk"k !nob kotb fb cbrrb n k rukfb .urkeb mhek"k o) nc$kh(b%%%%7

0nr ruk Gbåb Iuko$nrtb, nc Obirkfburbs Ktukhs%

'KLB&KU" lkhrrb n ruk<nok onh jA :, fn 3:%L%3NL, k kjthik ruk fks /k$beks tn"n snu jbcn cufkfb

!krk ruk 4bc Krhsthfns% 1 $khrrb, mbh rn$kthzkfb ebc b jbcn fn $khrrb +stn"ns%.krrbsb G#jhbr hjmbrck un b errnib fb =nh'åb Eru ehreuok !br uksn tbfb b

!b"bkfb% Ckhs objin fnon mhek"k ks /k$beks, ebc snu ekskrhb hrrniuokr n fn injtn !b$rn%/k$beks, sniujfb b <nunjb 0bek$uo)rhb /u!h*<brtuiu-s, fb <kfrn K% Oncbs

.kr$bsk, shijhmhek 8tkukrks7%

<krk bs ckhs kjthibs, un sn onc$rkc fks /keb$ks, mhek k f#"hfk ukjtb kb ohchtnfks /k$beks 8fn ehck7 n 8fn $kh(b7 n sn fn mktb n(hsthkc k /k$beks n k /k$buhj`ks% K /k$beks è uc fbs $khrrbs ckhs kjthibs fn Onb!bofhjk% +(hstnc rnihstrbs un fåb

ebjtk fn un, fnsfn b hjDehb fb !b"bkfb un fnu brhinc 6 ehfkfn, ') sn mkok"k jk chjkfks /k$beks% K nok, hjeoush"n, sn rnmnrn b `hstbrhkfbr =rkjehseb fn <kuok =nrrnhrk fn\nznjfn, un "h"nu jk ehfkfn k !krthr fn 3:M3%

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cnsck )iuk oDc!hfk n inokfk, euc!rhjfb k suk 8chssåb7 fn cktkr k snfn, nje`nr ikrrkmks n tnstncuj`kr b 8fnfb fn !rbsk7 fn ekfk uc fn snus "hshtkjtns% K Ikzntk fn Onstn, fn 33%3L%3:L hjmbrck un b uhjtb ukrtnhråb ebcnék"k 8jk

eksk kb okfb fb sb$rkfb fb +ui-jhb .btno`b, jk ebjthjukéåb fk ruk &ntn fn &ntnc$rb nhjeouDk k /k$beks n b cbrrb fb &k!nekfb7%

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K Ikzntk fn %L:%333 mkok jk ekh(k fR)iuk jb cbrrb fk mbrek n fn uck enrekebjstruDfk jks /k$beks, !br Kfåb <nrnhrk \bfrhiuns, un hc!nfhk b tr;jshtb n kenssb 6chjk%

'N\NUK" UK!'K" lkhrrb0nr ruk Ekstrb Ko"ns, nc Obirkfburb Ktukhs%

3@@




'N\N.H!-K" UK!'K" rukEnchtèrhb Ktuko ruk fb Ebjtbrjb%

=bh ktrk"ès fk onh jA ML, fn L3%L2%3M@, un nstk ruk tn"n b snu jbcn cufkfb!krk ruk fb Ebjtbrjb%

b #jheb eksb fn uc jbcn !r!rhb su$sthtuDfb !br su$stkjth"b ebcuc nc

obirkfburb%

'-NLKU" rukEnjtrb k ktuko ruk <rnshfnjtn Ekrobs Ouz% =bh tkc$èc ebj`nehfk !br ruk

Jb"k% K onh 2, fn L3%L2%3M3, fnu k nstk ruk b jbcn fn <rnshfnjtn Ekrobs Ouz%

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Gbsè Enskr fk &ho"k, nc 8Cncrhks fn uc /n$kjb7, !% 32, kmhrck un mbrkc bsnj`br /n$ks n snus mkchohkrns, bs !rhcnhrbs cbrkfbrns fb ouikr bjfn nst) k snfn fbfhstrhtb%

Ebc !krtn fn snu tnrrhtrhb ebj`nehfb ebcb <kruhk fn Jbssk &nj`brk fks 4brnsfnsfn 3:N, sbcnjtn k 2L%33%3::L, !nok onh jA M@N, mbh bmhehkohzkfb ebcb 4hstrhtb fnOnb!bofhjk% Jb kjb sniuhjtn, k N%3L%3::3, mbh ebjmhrckfk neonshksthekcnjtn k erhkéåb fk<kruhk fn &kjtb Kjt9jhb fn /n$ks ktrk"ès fk onh jA ::% +c 3:: k onh jA 2332 hjsthtuhub 4hstrhtb <bohehko nc /n$ks%

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Jb oh"rb fn ktks fk e;ckrk jA @, mos :"nrsb, L@%L%3::3, k E;ckrk fnehfhu ckjfkr

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nrrnhrk fn !buzk " rkjehseb *jtbjhb (bunhrk n 3onutnrhb Abjékovns fn >ohvnhrk, 5båbkuohjb 4krlbzk n rkjehseb 5bs6 4krlbzk " heåb fnscnclrkfks fb ;nstrhetb fk+nbpbofhjk n pnrtnjenjfb kb jbvb ;nstrhetb ks kznjfks fn *jtbjhb fn *ocnhfk 9kcbs

3@:




n fn snb njrb 5båb 4kpthstk, 5bkquhc *jtbjhb fn *ocnhfk, rkjehseb 5bs6 Ebhclrk,Ekjfhfb 5bs6 fn *ocnhfk, <kjbno 5bkquhc Ebhclrk, <kgbr 5båb .hfko, kznjfk fb!bebrrb mhekjfb pnrtnjenjfb kb jbvb ;nstrhetb tbfbs bs `klhtkjtns n8hstnjtns fnjtrb fbsohchtns suprk cnjehbjkfbs& =bh k!rb"kfb ebc k fneokrkéåb fn un è &kjtb Kjtbjhb fbs/`n$ks n jåb &kjtb Kjtbjhb fb Cbjtn Konirn%

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Jb KockjkeV fb Krrn$bo fn 1utu$rb fn 3:N, njebjtrkcbs uck rnmnr-jehk k nstkruk ebc butrb jbcn% +c njtrn"hstk kb nfhtbr +ohks K$rk hc Jntb, b cncbrhkohstk Ouhz\bussnku .btno`b hjmbrck tnr eurskfb b !rhc)rhb jb 8Eboèihb 1oDc!hb Ebrr-k fn <kuok,obekohzkfb jk ruk 1t)"hb 1tbjh, ktukocnjtn Oueks Kuiustb7% Jb njtkjtb, ebjshfnrkjfb unbutrks mbjtns ehtkc /`nb!`hob 1tbjh, kernfhtkcbs tnr shfb nstk k fnjbchjkéåb brhihjko%

'\,U N $^!-B" ruk

Enjtrb k !krtn fk ktuko <rbmnssbr Gbkuhc Iunfns Cke`kfb un "kh fk !rkék<rbmnssbr .btno`b \nhs ktè k nsuhjk fk ruk Gbsè Ohjtz% &nu jbcn mbh kotnrkfb !nok onh jA3L:, fn 33%LM%@%

/r-s fn Guj`b è k fktk fn mujfkéåb fb Ihj)shb Onb!bofhjnjsn%

^\^L^" 6rkék1mhehkocnjtn nstk !rkék e`kck"k*sn Cnob 0hkjjk% <nok onh jA LM, fn L2%3L%3M3,

rnen$nu b jbcn fn 4r% Ikck Enrunhrk%&niujfb C)rhb fn =rnhtks nc 8Onb!bofhjk fb Cnu /nc!b7, nstk !rkék nst) bjfn

n(hsthk b sb$rkfb fk mkcDohk fn Kjtbjhb &k$hjb, uc kjthib ebontbr mnfnrko fk ehfkfn% Jnstncnscb sb$rkfb, khjfk ebjmbrcn b ehtkfb kutbr, cbrbu +ui-jhb .btno`b =koeåb, un mbrk

kinjtn fb Ebrrnhb n fnonikfb fn !boDehk%<br uc eurtb !nrDbfb kmh(krkc jnok uck !okek hjfhekth"k ebc b jbcn fn GuhzIkck Enrunhrk%

&uk fnshijkéåb ktuko è uck `bcnjkinc kb 4r% Ekntkjb Kuiustb IkckEnrunhrk, un mbh b !rhcnhrb 'uhz fn fhrnhtb fk Ebckrek fn Onb!bofhjk%

Cks, hjfn!njfnjtn fn suk fnjbchjkéåb bmhehko, nstk !rkék snc!rn mbh ebj`nehfkebcb 8!rkék fb ?ru$u7 n sb$rn nstn jbcn n(hstnc ")rhks "nrsþns%

<rnmnrhcbs k n(!ohekéåb fbs un hjmbrckc un b jbcn 8?ru$u7 sn rnokehbjk ebc k!rnsnjék fn irkjfn ukjthfkfn fnssks k"ns jk rnfbjfnzk, nc mujéåb fn fn!shtb fnoh(b n errnib un !br koh !kssk"k, "hjfb fk chjk fks /k$buhj`ks bu, !nok n(hst-jehk fnuc kébuiun jk rnmnrhfk !rkék, un k$kthk kjhckhs n fns!n'k"k bs rnstbs jks )iuks un

"hj`kc fk chjk fks /k$beks% + rns!kofkcbs jbssk !rnmnr-jehk jks hjmbrckéþns un snsniunc%

3@




Jb oh"rb M fn ktks fk e;ckrk rnihstrk, nc ")rhks rnujhþns, fhseussþns k enrek fnebjtrktb !krk mbrjnehcnjtb fn ekrjn "nrfn kbs cbrkfbrns fk ehfkfn% + jk mbo`k @@ "nrsb,kssnc$oèhk fn N%L@%3:@, `) uck kjbtkéåb $kstkjtn nseokrnenfbrk% +st) koh kjbtkfbun 8!nob vnrnkfbr ;r& nstkjk mbh hjfhekfb qun nstk Ekckrk prbvhfnjehkjfb kbrnstklnonehcnjtb fb eurrko fb ebjsno`b snc b qun tbrjåb-sn hjn8nquhvnhs cuhtbs krthbsfks pbsturks n snc keéåb b hseko, ckjfn brékr b ebjvnjhnjtn enreb fn tkluþns qunmhqun snurb n furkfburb n nstklnonehcnjtb fn lkhks pkrk trketkr fhb trketb fbs kjhcknskprn`njfhfbs jb cnscb oukr qun kjtns snrvhk klrhjfb-sn uc pbrtåb jb lneb njtrn keksk fk Ekckrk n k fn ;kvhf <kfnhrk C Lnh8nhrk&'

Koèc fhstb, fk onhturk fnssn oh"rb mhek*sn ebc k hc!rnssåb fn un b eurrko fbebjsno`b ebcujhek"k*sn ebc uc cktkfburb, !brun nc butrk ktk è fhtb un bs kjhckhsk!rnnjfhfbs n jåb !rbeurkfbs !nobs fbjbs, n un fn"nrhkc !kikr cuotk !nok8`bs!nfkinc7, !bfnrhkc snr k$kthfbs% 1 un tbrjk eokrb un bs kjhckhs fnsthjkfbs kbk$ktn tkc$èc mhek"kc jb tko eurrko fb ebjsno`b%

4nstks hjmbrckéþns n fk enrtnzk fn un k e;ckrk obekohzk"k*sn bjfn mbhebjstruDfb b Eou$n Onb!bofhjk n, ebjshfnrkjfb b tko $neb ebcb snjfb k ruk un "kh fkr

jk !rkék fb ?ru$u, nstkrhk kD uck $bk n(!ohekéåb sb$rn k n(hst-jehk fn uc 8kébuiun7 !br koh%\nihstrn*sn, khjfk, ks fh"nrsks ehtkéþns un såb mnhtks k uc errnib "hzhj`b fb

!rèfhb fk ekfnhk, un !br "nzns è ehtkfb ebcb snjfb fk e;ckrk, n un nc butrk ktkk!krnen ebcb ebjfutbr fk 8sugnhrk qun vkh fb cktkfburb pkrk b e7rrnb%7

Jk ktk fn L3%L%3:@ mhek k hc!rnssåb, hjeoush"n, un n(hsthkc fbhs cktkfburbs!brun ehtkc ‟rnpkrbs jnenss0rhbs kb cktkfburb ko6c fb cbrrb fb encht6rhb' !krk unnon !bssk "hr k tnr b usb k un sn fnsthjk%

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ek!htåb =èoh( Ckrthjs ktè k su$hfk fk snrrk, !ksskjfb !nok e`)ekrk fb Gbåb Oburnjéb=nrrnhrk fn Okenrfk, ruk 4r% 0ksebjenobs ktè k eksk fn =rkjehseb 0kriks Ebrrnhk%

Jb oh"rb M fn ktks fk e;ckrk, 6s mos N: "nrsb, nc 3L%L2%3:@, trktk*sn fb ebjsnrtbfb ekchj`b fb cbrrb njtrn b `btno fks <kocnhrks, kehck fk +stkéåb n k eksk fb ehfkfåb4butbr 0ksebjenoobs%

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3:L




)bjtns n Lhlohbirk@hkD/ )B!'NU T\HCË\HKU

3%3 \nihstrbs !krbuhkhs n eh"hs fn jksehcnjtb, ekskcnjtb n $htbH hj"njt)rhbs n

tnstkcnjtbsH ck!ks fn !b!uokéåbH ckjhmnstbs fn "k!brns n rnihstrbs fn nstrkjinhrbsH

obekohzkfbs nc K\EF505 45 &/K/5, 5t)ohk, rns!neth"ks !rb"Djehks

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K\[?501 JKE51JKO

K\[?501 <g.O5E1 C5J+5\1

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C?&+? \+I51JKO 4+ &a1 G1a1 4+O \+5

D/ KOHU'KCN!'BU NONH'B\KHU" K'KU N KUUNCLO>HKU ON+HUOK'H(KU" K'KU N &B!UNO-BU

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/ T^LOH&K<ANU

/D KOCK!K;^NU N K!^Ë\HBU

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s%j%, 3:*3::

K\\+.1O% Onb!bofhjk, s%j%, 3:*3:N

+=+C\54+& C5J+5\K& 3MM*3:@% .nob Fbrhzbjtn, 3:%

F5&/1\5E1*EF1\1I\K<F5E1% .nob Fbrhzbjtn s%j%, 3L

O+1<1O45JK% Onb!bofhjk, s%j%, 3::M

C?J5E5<KO 4+ .K\.KE+JK% .kr$kenjk, 3::

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% Onihsokéåb

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+nbpbofhjk

3:3




/ TN\H3H&BU IKQ+/K 4+ O+1<1O45JK% Onb!bofhjk%

IKQ+/K 4+ O+&/+% Onb!bofhjk%

G1\JKO 41 .\K&5O% \hb fn Gkjnhrb%

1 K\KC+% Onb!bofhjk%1 O+1<1O45J+J&+% Onb!bofhjk%

1 C5JK& I+\K+&% .nob Fbrhzbjtn%

\+05&/K KEK5KEK% Onb!bofhjk%

/ NCKHU T^LOH&K<ANU/<rhjeh!khs b$rks uthohzkfks

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.K\K/K, Ekrobs n E?JFK .?+J1% ;hehbj0rhb fks kc:ohks 4rkshonhrks& &åb <kuob LLLn LL3, E4*\1C%

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.1/+OF1, Ouhz +ui-jhb% +nbpbofhjk fn >utrbrk& .nob Fbrhzbjtn s%j%, 3M2%

.1/+OF1, Ouhz \bussnku% Ebrkéåb fn <njhjb% .nob Fbrhzbjtn 0nik^Jb"b +s!kéb,3:%

.1/+OF1, Ouhz \bussnku% <bhj`b fn ul0% .nob Fbrhzbjtn 0nik, 3:3%

.\1/+\1, =rnfnrheb fn .krrbs% kc:ohk <bjtnhrb fn 4krrbs& &åb <kuob s%j%, 3N3%

EK\+OO5, \bièrhb% 3mnc6rhfns Ekrkjbonjsns& 0hébsk =bo`k fn 0hébsk, LLL%

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4+OIK41, Kon(kjfrn Chrkjfk% Cncrhk Fhstrhek sb$rn k ehfkfn fn Ohck 4ukrtn n snucujheD!hb% \hb fn Gkjnhrb s%j%, 3M%

=+\\+5\K, \b$nrtb Jbiunhrk% Enc kjbs-ouzT > Hcpkrehko #G$%-#$$%& .rksDohk s%j%, 3M%

=1J&+EK, \khcujfb fk% Anjnkobhk fbs <ke`kfbs n bjsneks& 0konjék +fhtbrk0konjék, s%f%%

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=\+5/K&, C)rhb fn% +nbpbofhjk fb <nu Lncpb% .nob Fbrhzbjtn <)ihjk, 3:N%

3:




I?5CK\a+&, Gbkuhc Eustfhb% hst7rhk fk <nfhehjk nc +nbpbofhjk& Onb!bofhjk s%j%,3:@%

I?5CK\a+&, Gbsè% *s Lr[s Ho`bks& &åb <kuob s%j%, 2 "boucns, 3L*3:%

O+C+, Ouhz Ibjzkfk fk &ho"k% Anjnkobhk kuohstkjk& &åb <kuob 4u!rkt Ehk, 3LN%

"boucns%

CK/1&, \khcujfb Gbsè fk Euj`k% Ebrbrkmhk hst7rhek fk rbv:jehk fn <hjks Anrkhs%.nob Fbrhzbjtn 5tkthkhk, 3:3% "boucns%

C+J41JK, Ckrhk 5zk$no &hcþns% 9btnhrb Lur:stheb fn +nbpbofhjk& Onb!bofhjk, LL3%

C+\EK4KJ/+, <kuob% 1s &nrtþns fb Onstn * +stufb fn uck rnihåb k cktk chjnhrk% \hbfn Gkjnhrb Qk`kr, 3@2%

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\+Q+J4+, Krtùr 0hnhrk fn% Anjnkobhk <hjnhrk% .nob Fbrhzbjtn 5c!rnjsk 1mhehko, 32@%

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3:2




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P+F\&, E% Ekrobs G% 1 \hb Kjthib * <htbrnseb Cusheko * Cncrhks n 4h)rhb% \hb fnGkjnhrb s%j%, 3:L%

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