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O Navio de Pesquisa Hidroceanográfico “Vital de Oliveira” e as Perspectivas de Desenvolvimento de
Programas Globais em Ciências do Mar no Atlântico Sul (“Multiciência Marinha”)
M. Araujo1,2 et al.
1UFPE, INPE, USP, FURG, UERJ, UFC, UFBA, UFRJ, UFF, ... 2Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Rede CLIMA
IV Simpósio de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação da Marinha “Parceria Academia, Empresa e Governo: Propulsora do Desenvolvimento
Científico, Tecnológico e de Inovação”
Centro de Convenções Rebouças São Paulo/SP, 30-31 de outubro de 2017
A Batalha (Geofísica) do Atlântico
ITCZ
3
AMOC
“bottle necks”
PMOC
“bottle neck”
A Autoestrada da Borda Oeste
Kuhlbroedt et al. (2007)
The interaction between
the hemispheres is
focused on the western
boundary !
4
Um agravante: As Mudanças Climáticas Globais
Le Quéré et al. (2015)
Vostok ice core data/J.R. Petit et al.; NOAA Mauna Loa CO2 record
IPCC-AR5 (2013)
5
Agulhas leakage:
2 - 15 Sv
(1 Sv 106 m3/s)
6 – 10 rings/year
1.4 - 4 Sv/decade
!
Um agravante: As Mudanças Climáticas Globais
(1964-2014)
SAWP
(1964-2014)
Courtesy: E. Campos
Os Esforços de Observação no Atlântico
Courtesy: P. Brandt
Zona Econômica Exclusiva N e NE – TAMOC 11oS
7
TAMOC – Tropical Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation O “quebra-cabeças” da AMOC
PIs: M. Araujo (UFPE), P. Brandt (GEOMAR)
R/V Meteor NPqHo. V. Oliveira (H-39)
Comissões: ME1: 2000-2004 ME2: 2013-2018
Hummels et al. (2015)
Agulhas leakage AMOC!
Rhein et al. (2013)
Ice melting AMOC !
TAMOC-RACE
11oS Array
RAPID/MOCHA (26oN)
Beal et al. (2011)
Os Esforços de Observação no Atlântico
Courtesy: P. Brandt
Zona Econômica Exclusiva – REVIZEE N e NE
9
Araujo et al. (2004, 2011, 2014, 2017)
Zona Econômica Exclusiva REVIZEE N e NE
- uADCP, CTD
- N, P, Si ... series
- MES, Chla
- Phyto, Zoo
- Necton, , Neuston
- OD, pH
Comissões:
NE1, NE2, NE3, NE4 (1995-2000) N1, N2, N3, N4 (1996-2001)
NOc. Antares (H-40)
Thanks to REVIZEE !
10
- ADCP, CTD
- N, P, Si ... series
- MES, Chla
- Phyto, Zoo
- Necton, , Neuston
- DIC, TAlk, pH
- O2, u-pCO2
ILHAS OCEÂNICAS TROPICAIS - Proarquipélago
FN
SPSP
Rocas
PIs: M. Araujo (UFPE), S. Neumann-Leitão (UFPE), R. Schwamborn (UFPE), A. Bertrand (IRD)
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
S1
S2 S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
S11S12
S13
S14S15
S16
S17
S18
S19
S20S21
S22
S23
S24
S25
S26
S27S28
S29 S30
S31 S32
S33
S34
S35
S36S37
S38
S39
S40
S41
S42
S43S44
S45
S46S47S48S49
S50S51
S52 S53
S54
Comissões: CF I : Mar. 2011 CF II : Oct. 2012 CF IV : Aug. 2014 Abracos I: Out. 2015 Abracos II: Apr. 2016
R/V Antea
NHo. Cruzeiro Sul (H-38)
The simultaneous acquisition of atmospheric and oceanic data from FNEO (East South
America) and Cape Verde Ocean/Atmospheric Observatory (CVOO/CVAO) will provide highly
valuable information about processes at the ocean-atmosphere interface and for understanding
and modeling/predicting the variability and long-term changes in tropical Atlantic climate.
Fernando de Noronha Experimental Observatory - FNEO
(GAW, Oct. 2017)
F. Noronha C. Verde
PIs: M. Araujo (UFPE), P. Nobre (INPE), et al.
Fernando de Noronha Experimental Observatory - FNEO
STD-SST (oC)
GDC/NOAA and OAFLUX (1984-2008)
CV
FN
CV
FN
CV
FN
CV
FN
Ocean: - Transect : T/S, currents, biogeochemistry (nutrients, u-pCO2, O2), biology (plancton), u-microplastics, …. - Mooring: T/S, currents, biogeochemistry (pCO2), micropl. traps.
Fernando de Noronha Experimental Observatory - FNEO
Atmosphere: - OMM – Meteo station - GHG (CH4 , CO2, H2O, …).
Criação da Capitania dos Portos e Estação Científica de F. Noronha:
Uma bela oportunidade de Cooperação Academia-Empresa-Governo
Fonte: EMAUD/PUC-RJ e SECIRM
Os Esforços de Observação do Atlântico
Courtesy: P. Brandt
Margem Equatorial – Continuum Rio Amazonas-Oceano
15
Margem Equatorial Continuum Rio Amazonas-Oceano
Courtesy: E. Molinas
GPCP data
Amazon River
16
- uADCP, CTD
- N, P, Si ... series
- MES, Chla
- Phyto, Zoo
- Necton, , Neuston
- DIC, TAlk, pH
- u-pCO2
NHo. Cruzeiro Sul (H-38)
Comissões:
CF III : Oct.-Nov. 2012 CF V : Aug. 2014
Margem Equatorial PI: M. Araujo (UFPE)
17
ATM
SINK OF CO2
SOURCE OF CO2
Sea surface salinity at 38oW most affected by Amazon
discharge (~1 month lag)
Lefèvre et al. (2016, 2017)
Araujo et al. (2015, 2017)
Margem Equatorial Continuum Rio Amazonas-Oceano
18
1995
1996
1997 1998 2000 2005 2009 2014
Setup
Planning
Phase
Pilot
Phase
(MoU-1)
Consolidation
Phase
(MoU-2)
(MoU-3)
2006
2007
2008
CLIVAR-WCRP
(1st Review)
2017
2018
(MoU-4)
TAOS
(2nd Review underway)
PIRATA - Prediction and Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic
PIs: B. Bourlès (LEGOS/IRD), M. Araujo (UFPE), ...
1st ATLAS buoy
deployed on
Sept 11, 1997
at 0°N-10°W
19
PIRATA - Prediction and Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic
Maintained by Brazil:
8 ATLAS buoys Maintained by France
6 ATLAS buoys
Maintained by USA:
4 ATLAS buoys
20
2015/16 Additions:
OTN ChiPod
+ CMs
PIRATA - Prediction and Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic
Science from PIRATA (*)
Total: 2.682.000 files
(*) Not included MSc. Disser. and PhD. thesis
Open Data Policy Capacity building
- Students from all over West Africa to study the physics, chemistry and biology of the ocean;
- Lecturers from: France (UPS, LEGOS, ...), Benin (UAC) and Brazil (UFPE);
- 90 students formed (Benin, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Togo, Ghana, Senegal, Nigeria);
- Continued in PhD: in France, Brazil, South Africa, Germany, Canada, Cameroon, Benin,
Master in Physical
Oceanography
and Application - M2 OPA
(Cotonou, Benin)
Real Time: Hourly and Daily mean data;
Delayed Mode: High frequency (1 min to 1 h) stored data.
!
DATA SHARING, GOOD SCIENCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING:
KEY COMPONENTS FOR A TRANSATLANTIC COOPERATION
PROGRAM
PIRATA - Prediction and Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic
Principal Investigators: 1) INPE - Paulo Nobre 2) INPE - Ronald Buss 3) UFPE - Moacyr Araujo 4) UFBA - Vanessa Hatje 5) UFBA - Gisele Rocha 6) UERJ - Leticia Cotrim 7) UFF - André Belém 8) UFC - Antonio Geraldo 9) FURG - Felipe Niencheski 10) CHM - Marcio Borges
PIRATA-BR XVII Western Tropical Atlantic Multi-science Cruise
25 Oct. 2017 – 15 Jan. 2018
Courtesy: P. Nobre
1) Validation of BESM Full Depth T-S & circulation in the Tropical Atlantic (P. Nobre, INPE) 2) Turbulent fluxes and marine boundary layer in the tropical Atlantic (R. Souza, INPE) 3) Variability of the Boundary Circulation Systems at 11°S off Brazil – TAMOC (M. Araujo, UFPE) 4) Rare Earth Elements, Nd isotopes and perfluoralkylated compounds in the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean – GEOTRACES (V. Hatje, UFBA) 5) Medições de particulados atmosféricos em ambiente marinho G. Rocha, UFBA) 6) Western tropical Atlantic biogeochemistry (L. C. Cotrim, UERJ) 7) Dinâmica Meridional de interação oceano-atmosfera no Atlantico Sul - DiMAS e Oceanografia do Atlântico Sul e Interconexões Climáticas – OASIS (A. Belém, UFF) 8) Sampling for the study of the diversity of the microbiota in marine aerosols and oceanic surface micro-layer (A. Geraldo, UFC) 9) Elementos Traços e seus Isótopos na Costa Brasileira (F. Niencheski, FURG) 10) Bifurcação da Corrente Sul Equatorial (M. Borges, CHM)
PIRATA-BR XVII Western Tropical Atlantic Multi-science Cruise
10 projetos embarcados !
PIRATA-BR XVII Western Tropical Atlantic Multi-science Cruise
25/10/2017 17-18h
Bons ventos e bom mar !
Os Esforços de Observação do Atlântico
Courtesy: P. Brandt
Margem Sub-tropical - MOVAR, SAMOC, FORSA e INTERCONF
26
Banda Sub-tropical Regiões SE e S
Brazil
SACZ
Courtesy: E. Campos
High Res. XBT line AX97
MOVAR - Observing Brazil Current Variability between Rio de Janeiro and Trindade Island
Courtesy: M. Mata
15 mn XBTs
Comissões: Ago./2004 até hoje (3 meses)
NHi. Sirius (H-21)
PIs: M. Mata (FURG), M. Cirano (UFRJ), G. Goni (NOAA)
Observed variability is greater than seasonal variability alone. I.e. strong role of eddies both in the western boundary and clote to Vitoria-Trindade Seamounts
Courtesy: M. Mata
MOVAR - Observing Brazil Current Variability between Rio de Janeiro and Trindade Island
29
Mova
r
Atlas-
B
SAMOC Basin-wide Array
(SAMBA)
SAMOC - South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation SAMBA – SAMOC Brazilian Array
PIs: E. Campos (USP), S. Speich (ENS), I. Ansorge (UCT)
R/V Alpha Crucis
Courtesy: E. Campos
Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic FORSA
Cape Town (South Africa) – Arraial do Cabo-RJ (Brazil)
27 June 2015 – 15 July 2015
M. Araujo4, M.P. Araujo3, J.L. Azevedo1, L. Bruto4, R. Freitas2,5,
C. Fujita1, R. Keim3, L. Lopes1, L.F. Mendonça2,5, F. Miranda3,
F. Oliveira1, P. Oliveira5, D. Ortiz1 , F. Piedras3, L. Pinho3,
M. Santini2,5, R. Santos3, I. Silveira2
1FURG, 2INPE, 3UERJ, 4UFPE, 5UFSM
NPqHo. Vital de Oliveira (H-39)
FORSA Cruise – Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic CapCape Town (SA) – Arraial do Cabo-RJ (BR)
June-July 2015
« Multiciência
Marinha »
FORSA Cruise – Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic
Indian (warm-salty-low O2) waters into the Atlantic
FORSA Cruise – Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic
salty warm low O2
V1
Ocean-atmosphere exchanges/O-A boundary-layers dynamics
V1
ABL ABL
FORSA Cruise – Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic
Ocean acidification – Air-sea CO2 exchange
V3
SEA as CO2 Sink
CO2SW
CO2ATM
FORSA Cruise – Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic
Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region:
10 years-long observational effort
INTERCONF - Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region
PIs: R. Souza (INPE), L. Pezzi (INPE)
Courtesy: R. Souza
INTERCONF - Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region
Ocean-atmosphere exchanges/O-A boundary-layers dynamics
Courtesy: R. Souza
Agradecimentos
Cordialidade,
Competência,
Presteza !
O Navio de Pesquisa Hidroceanográfico “Vital de Oliveira” e as Perspectivas de Desenvolvimento de
Programas Globais em Ciências do Mar no Atlântico Sul (“Multiciência Marinha”)
M. Araujo1,2 et al.
1UFPE, INPE, USP, FURG, UERJ, UFC, UFBA, UFRJ, UFF, ... 2Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Rede CLIMA
IV Simpósio de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação da Marinha “Parceria Academia, Empresa e Governo: Propulsora do Desenvolvimento
Científico, Tecnológico e de Inovação”
Centro de Convenções Rebouças São Paulo/SP, 30-31 de outubro de 2017