Resultados da formação profissional comportamental dos quadros superiores na reforma da administração pública portuguesa (1996-2001)

8/6/2019 Resultados da formao profissional comportamental dos quadros superiores na reforma da administrao pblica

1/29

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2/29

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8# Kczyojvo1 oiafzk}ow f pyoilfbzkgh jo zfbh

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3/29

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9# Pyopowkfw

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jfwkncho bhkw goyyfzh jo poczo jf }kwzh gkfczmkgo#


4/29

896= Gwhy Bhjvyf k yh


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5/29

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= Hlb jf Gvcdh, jf vbh moybh bhkw kcjkyfzh zhbib ow zyhihldow jf Wzhgf{ $8;;=5 9008+ f jf Moc"

wfgh $8;;>5 9009+ hioyjhb o hwwvczo#


6/29

8964 Gwhy Bhjvyf k yh


phpfl jow jkyknfczfw cow pyogfwwow jf bvjhch gobo gobpocfczf jfzfybkchczf#

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phyh }hlkjhybow hpyopowko =#Poy mkb, phyh kjfczkmkghybow h pyzkgh jf moybho pyomkwwkochl ch yfh gob"

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O fwzvjo jh gykho jo Kcwzkzvzo Chgkochl jf Hjbkckwzyho $KCH+, f bhkwzhyjf jo Pyomhp $pykbfkyo gobo Pyonyhbh Kczfnyhjo jf Moybho phyh h Bojfyck" qho Hjbkckwzyhzk}h+, hw wvhw mhwfw K f KK, hwwkb gobo hw yfwpfgzk}hw h}hlkhfw,wvynkv"cow gobo vbh ihwf jf wvwzfczho phyh h kc}fwzknho, vbh }fq xvf, poy vblhjo, h gykho jf vbh kcwzkzvko gfczyhlkqhjoyh jh pyoboo jh moybho ch hjbk"ckwzyho f, poy ovzyo, o fwzhiflfgkbfczo jf vb pyonyhbh jf moybho gocwzkzv"yhb"wf gobo ow pykbfkyow phwwow ch zfczhzk}h jf vbh wkwzfbhzkqho f jf vbhkczfnyho jf bfjkjhw phyh h moybho ch hjbkckwzyho poyzvnvfwh# Jfwwh moybh,hkcjh xvf co mknvyf cfcdvbh }hyk}fl yflhgkochjh gob o Pyomhp fczyf hw fwgoldkjhwphyh o cowwo zyhihldo fbpykgo, fwzh zfbzkgh wfy yfgvpfyhjh ho locno jh jkwgvwwojf yfwvlzhjow, jfwknchjhbfczf phyh xvf wf powwh fcgfzhy vbh gobphyho fczyf hwyfgobfcjhfw fmfzvhjhw xvhcjo jh h}hlkho jo pyonyhbh, f o wfv fmfzk}o gvbpyk"bfczo ho locno jow wfkw hcow $8;;="9008+ poy cw zyhzhjow#

Pyopowkfw

Fcxvhjyhjhw hw pyopowkfw cvbh pfywpfgzk}h zfykgh, phwwhbow fb wfnvkjh wvhhpyfwfczho bhkw gocgyfzh#

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nfykv o mhzo jf h h}hlkho jh moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl wf fcgoczyhy kbpyfgkwh"


7/29

Y fw v l z hj o w j h Mo yb ho P yo m k w w k o c h l G o b p o y z hb fczh l 896;


bfczf jfmkckjh ch hjbkckwzyho poyzvnvfwh# Hpyopowko : hjbkzkv vbh yflho fczyf

o jfwfc}ol}kbfczo jh }fyzfczf gobpoyzhbfczhl cow pyonyhbhw jf moybho pyomkwwko"chl goczcvh f h hpyfcjkqhnfb f o gobpoyzhbfczo jow mvcgkocykow fb ovzyhw yfhw jfmoybho# Hpyopowko 6 hjbkzkv xvf, kcjfpfcjfczfbfczf jh xvhlkjhjf jh moybho,jh pfjhnonkh f jow goczfjow pyonyhbzkgow wfy ioh, hw hfw pojfyo wfy kchjfxvhjhwzfcjo fb goczh ow oiafzk}ow jhw oynhckqhfw# Hpyopowko =hpoczov phyh h pyfbkwwhjf xvf, wf ftkwzkyfb pyoafzow jf yfmoybh/bojfyckqho, ow mvcgkocykow $bhkw pyfgkwh"bfczf ow xvhjyow wvpfykoyfw+ co fwzo h phy jflfw# Poy mkb, h pyopowko >wvnfykv xvfow jkyknfczfw zb gocwgkcgkh jh kbpoyzcgkh jh moybho pyomkwwkochl gobpoyzhbfczhlco pyogfwwo jf bojfyckqho jh hjbkckwzyho pilkgh poyzvnvfwh wfb xvf hahb fb

gocmoybkjhjf gob flh#W co mkb jh gocmkybho $ov co+ jfwzhw pyopowkfw pvjfbow zfy vb jkhn"

cwzkgo bhkw wlkjo woiyf o phpfl jh moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl ch hjbkckwzyho p"ilkgh, cvb goczftzo jf yfmoybh#

7# Bzojo

Xvhczo ho jfwknc jo bzojo vzklkqhjo pojfyhbow jkqfy xvf wf zyhzov fwwfcgkhlbfczf

jf vb bzojo jfwgykzk}o gob vb gobpocfczf ftplkghzk}o# Ch yfhlkjhjf, zfcjo fb goc"zh h co}kjhjf jo zfbh, phyfgfv"cow wfy fwzh h fwgoldh bhkw hjfxvhjh ho zyhihldo# Poykckgkhybow vbh pfwxvkwh cvb jobcko jf gocdfgkbfczo oyknkchl f zyhcwjkwgkplkchy,>

vwov"wf o bzojo jfwgykzk}o phyh mhgklkzhy h kjfczkmkgho f h ghyhgzfykqho jow pykcgk"phkw mhzoyfw ov }hyk}fkw xvf ftkwzfb cfwzh phyzkgvlhy f kcftployhjh wkzvho jh moy"bho gobpoyzhbfczhl jow XWw co goczftzo jh yfmoybh hjbkckwzyhzk}h#

Popvlho f hbowzyh

Popvlho

H popvlho jo cowwo fwzvjo gobpowzh poy1

> Hpfwhy jf, gobo gkzhjo, a ftkwzkyfb zyhihldow ch yfh jh moybho pyomkwwkochl ch hjbkckwzyhopilkgh, fwzf fwzvjo o pykbfkyo h hioyjhy h }fyzfczf gobpoyzhbfczhl jh moybho f gyvq"lh gob h

}hyk}fl yfmoybh/bojfyckqho jh hjbkckwzyho#


8/29

89=0 Gwhy Bhjvyf k yh


z 8#7:9 wvafkzow $xvhjyow wvpfykoyfw xvf myfxfczhyhb gvywow jf moybho ch yfh

gobpoyzhbfczhl ch Jk}kwo jf Moybho jf Xvhjyow Wvpfykoyfw jo KCH fczyf owhcow jf 8;;= f jf 9008+5 bhkw

z 7=7 wvafkzow $hlzow jkyknfczfw pfyzfcgfczfw how wfy}kow yfwpocw}fkw pflo fc}kojf mvcgkocykow how gvywow jf moybho pyomkwwkochl co KCH+#

Hbowzyh

O pyogfwwo jf hbowzyhnfb wvynkv pflo fc}ko jow xvfwzkocykow h zojow ow flfbfczow

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Ow xvfwzkocykow gobo kcwzyvbfczow jf golfzh jf kcmoybho

Phyh o fwzvjo moyhb fwzyvzvyhjow jokw xvfwzkocykow jkwzkczow# O pykbfkyo }kykh h wfy

hplkghjo how jkyknfczfw $X8+, yfwpocw}fkw pflh jfgkwo jo fc}ko jow mvcgkocykow whfw jf moybho, f o wfnvcjo, hplkghjo popvlho jf moybhcjow $X9+#4 Hw }fy"wfw jfmkckzk}hw jow xvfwzkocykow moyhb py"zfwzhjhw hczfw jh wvh vzklkqho# O py"zfwzf mok yfhlkqhjo gob mvcgkocykow jo KCH xvf a zkcdhb yfgfikjo moybho gocz"cvh ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl jfczyo jh kcwzkzvko, o xvf cow havjov h }hlkjhy ow kcw"zyvbfczow jf golfzh jf kcmoybho#

:# Jkwgvwwo jow yfwvlzhjow fcgoczyhjow;

H jk}kwo jfwzh wfo mfkzh poy nyhcjfw zfbhw gokcgkjfczfw gob hw pyopowkfwnfcykghw jo zyhihldo#

O phpfl jh moybho pyomkwwkochl goczcvh ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl co goczftzo

jh yfmoybh hjbkckwzyhzk}h $yfwpowzhw pyopowko 8+

4 Ow lfkzoyfw kczfyfwwhjow cfwwfw xvfwzkocykow pojfyo wolkgkz"low poy f"bhkl ho hvzoy#;

Wf o lfkzoy jfwfahy ow xvhjyow jow yfwvlzhjow oizkjow pojfy wolkgkz"low poy f"bhkl ho hvzoy#


9/29

Y fw v l z hj o w j h Mo yb ho P yo m k w w k o c h l G o b p o y z hb fczh l 89=8


Ow yfwvlzhjow fcgoczyhjow yf}flhyhb xvf vbh bhkoykh gocwkjfy}fl jf mvcgkocykow

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fwzkbh mvcgkochl f goypoyhzk}h# H gyfch jf xvf h moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl powwhzyhqfy vb nfybf jf bvjhch }fb goldfy hjfpzow avczo h vb nyvpo jf mvcgkocykowxvhlkmkghjow xvf hwpkyhb h pojfy zyhihldhy jfczyo jf goczoycow jf bojfyckjhjf oy"nhckqhgkochl f woiyfzvjo h wfyfb gocwkjfyhjow pfwwohl f pyomkwwkochlbfczf# Zhl}fqwfah fwzf mfcbfco jf jfwfao xvf lf}f ow kcxvkykjow h wfyfb zo ghzfnykgow ch wvhhpyfgkho jh powwkiklkjhjf jf hplkgho jhw kjkhw zyhcwbkzkjhw pflh moybho py"zkgh#

Zhbib co xvf gocgfycf h xvfwzfw jf gofycgkh fczyf hw hzkzvjfw f ow gob"poyzhbfczow hpyfcjkjow pflhw hfw jf moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl f hw cfgfwwkjhjfw

mvcgkochkw yfhkw, hwwkb gobo h powwkiklkjhjf jf hplkgho jow gobpoyzhbfczowhpyfcjkjow, ow yfwvlzhjow yfgoldkjow bowzyhyhb"cow xvf, hkcjh xvf jf moybh co"hi"wolvzh, flh ftkwzf# Vbh }fq bhkw hw yfwpowzhw jow kcxvkykjow pojfb wfy lkbkzhjhw pflhjfwfahiklkjhjf wogkhl jf xvf hw gokwhw wf pyogfwwfb jf vbh jfzfybkchjh bhcfkyh#Cfwwf ghwo, zoych"wf bvkzo jkmgkl h xvfb ftpowzo h vb kcxvykzo zfy vbh opkckooiafzk}h f jf}kjhbfczf jkwzhcgkhjh jow wfvw hcwfkow f jow wfvw jfwfaow jf gocgyfzk"qho#

Wfnvcjo ow moybhcjow kcxvkykjow, ftkwzf zhbib cow wfy}kow vb nyhv jf goc"moybkjhjf bvkzo moyzf fczyf hw zhyfmhw jfwfbpfcdhjhw f hw moybhlbfczf jfwgykzhw

gobo pfyzfcgfcjo mvco jow mvcgkocykow# Gobo hmkybhb ow moybhcjow kcxvkyk"jow, h yfhlkqho jf jkhncwzkgow jf cfgfwwkjhjfw jf moybho zfykh gobo poczo jfphyzkjh kcmoybhfw mkjfjknchw, wvpowzhbfczf kcjvzoyhw jf vb lf}hczhbfczo kwfczo,yf}flhjoy jhw lhgvchw fmfzk}hw f, poy kwwo, wvwgfz}fl jf nfyhy pyonyhbhw jf moybho

80 Fwzf jfwgyjkzo zfb vb ghyzfy nfcfyhlkqhjo# Co ghwo poyzvnvw ftkwzfb jk}fywhw yfmfycgkhw h flf,fczyf fwzhw phyfgf"cow yflf}hczf h jf Goyzf"Yfhl, Eofc, Efll{ f Pfzkzf}kllf $8;;;+#88 Ghkjfc $8;;=+ jfmkcf h hjbkckwzyho pilkgh gobo vbh jkwgkplkch xvf hlfnh xvf h wvh bhzykhyfboczh ho ifyo jh gk}klkqho, xvhcjo ow wfyfw dvbhcow wf hnyvphyhb h pykbfkyh }fq woi vbh hvzoyk"

jhjf gocavczh lfnzkbh f kcwzkzvgkochlkqhjh, gob o mkb jf hzkcnkyfb oiafzk}ow gobvcw#


10/29



hjfxvhjow w cfgfwwkjhjfw kc}fczhykhjhw# H kcmoybho moycfgkjh pflow cowwow kcxvk"

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Co xvf gocgfycf xvfwzo jh ftkwzcgkh/kcftkwzcgkh, phyh h bhkoykh jow wfy}k"ow, jf vb jkhncwzkgo jf cfgfwwkjhjfw f jf vb plhco jf moybho, xvf coyzfkfb hphyzkgkpho jow moybhcjow fb hfw jf moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl, ow yfwvlzh"jow yfgoldkjow bowzyhyhb xvf vbh phyzf fwbhnhjoyh jf kcxvkykjow oiwfy}ov o mhzo jfcow wfvw wfy}kow jf oyknfb co wf pyhzkghy vb jkhncwzkgo jf cfgfwwkjhjfw jf moybh"o ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl, hjbkzkcjo gocgobkzhczfbfczf co ftkwzky vb plhco jf

moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl cow wfy}kow jf ocjf pyo}b# Fwwfw yfwvlzhjow hpyfwfczhbvbh glhyh goczyhjko gob ovzyow gkzhjow, ocjf ow kcxvkykjow hpoczh}hb phyh vbh go"fycgkh fczyf gobpoyzhbfczow hpyfcjkjow f cfgfwwkjhjfw mvcgkochkw yfhkw# Fmfzk}h"bfczf, phyfgf bvkzo jkmgkl xvf fwzh gofycgkh powwh ftkwzky poy bfyh gokcgkjcgkh# Ovwfah, bvkzo jkmkgklbfczf pojf ftkwzky gofycgkh fczyf o xvf wf hpyfcjf f o xvf wf cfgfw"wkzh $f hxvk kbpoyzh yfzfy xvf o mhzo jf wf hpyfcjfy ifb wknckmkgh zhbib xvf ow goc"zfjow f ow moybhzow jhw hfw fwzhykhb jf hgoyjo gob h ftpfgzhzk}h+ wfb xvfpyf}khbfczf wf jkhncowzkxvf moybhlbfczf xvhkw hw lhgvchw h wvpyky ov xvhkw ow gob"poyzhbfczow h yfmoyhy ov h bojkmkghy# Zfcjo poy ihwf fwzfw yfwvlzhjow, pojfbow hmky"

bhy xvf bojflow wkwzbkgow jf moybho gobo ow pyopowzow poy Gyvq $8;;4+ ov poyGdkh}fchzo $8;4>+ co wf gvbpyfb, ch bhkoykh jhw }fqfw, ch hjbkckwzyho pilkghpoyzvnvfwh, co wf pojfcjo wfxvfy mhlhy jh ftkwzcgkh jf vb gkglo jf moybho phyh hcowwh yfhlkjhjf hjbkckwzyhzk}h# Cfwzf jobcko pojfyhbow hkcjh wvnfyky xvf o bojflojhw }hyk}fkw jf jkwgyfpcgkh co gkglo jf moybho87 hpyfwfczh plfch hzvhlkjhjf cvbgfcyko fb xvf, co ftkwzkcjo vb lf}hczhbfczo jf cfgfwwkjhjfw ov wfcjo fwzf fmfzvh"jo jf moybh jfmkgkzykh, ow ykwgow jf jkwgyfpcgkh chw jfbhkw fzhphw jo gkglo wo oiyk"nhzoykhbfczf bvkzo bhkw moyzfw#

Hpfwhy jkwwo, ftkwzfb ovzyhw hioyjhnfcw xvf cow moycfgfb hynvbfczow hlzfychzk"}ow phyh o fczfcjkbfczo jh xvfwzo# Wfnvcjo flhw, wf co ftkwzf phyh h bhkoykh jow wfy"}kow cfb vb jkhncwzkgo jf cfgfwwkjhjfw, cfb vb plhco jf moybho hjfxvhjow, bhwwf ho bfwbo zfbpo ow mvcgkocykow co jfkthb jf myfxfczhy ow gvywow, hlfnhcjo xvf omhqfb ch bhkoykh jhw }fqfw poy }oczhjf pypykh, co jf}fbow jfkthy jf gocwkjfyhy hpowwkiklkjhjf jf fwzhybow pfyhczf vb mfcbfco jf hvzo"oynhckqho# Gob fmfkzo,gobo wkwzfbhw hifyzow xvf wo, f zfcjo fb goczh o hbikfczf jf zvyivlcgkh fb xvf

89 H fwzf pyopwkzo pojf o lfkzoy gocwvlzhy h wfo yfmfyfczf ho Pyomhp phyh bhkoyfw fwglhyfgkbfczowwoiyf fwzh bhzykh# Pojfy hkcjh yfgoyyfy how wfnvkczfw jogvbfczow1 Pyomhp $8;;:5 8;;65 8;;>+#87

Hjhpzhjo jf Nyhfc $8;>=+#


11/29



opfyhb, hw oynhckqhfw zyhcwmoybhb"wf mhgklbfczf fb fwzyvzvyhw jkwwkphzk}hw/jkwpfy"

whw# Hwwkb fczfcjf Mocwfgh $9009+, hlfyzhcjo phyh o mhzo jf xvf h fbfyncgkh jf vbhfwzyvzvyh jkwwkphzk}h co pojf wfy jfjvz}fl jf pyfwwvpowzow ov jf gocjkfw fwzhiflfgk"jhw pyf}khbfczf# Wfnvcjo fwzh lkcdh jf pfcwhbfczo, o fxvkliyko pyfgyko jhw oynhckqh"fw gocmfyf"ldfw blzkplhw powwkiklkjhjfw jf hgoczfgkbfczow# O bfwbo wfy jkqfyxvf, co pyfwfczf ghwo jf fwzvjo, bfwbo gob h hvwcgkh jf vb jkhncwzkgo jf cfgfw"wkjhjfw f jf vb plhcfahbfczo bhkw jfzhldhjow f wkwzfbhzkqhjow jh moybho, ow mvcgko"cykow co jfkthb jf wf moybhy jf vbh bhcfkyh yflhzk}hbfczf hvzo"oynhckqhjh,pyogvyhcjo poy}fczvyh wolvfw phyh pyoilfbhw ov lkbkzhfw xvf wfczfb gobo wfvw#

Hkcjh co xvf gocgfycf xvfwzo jo jkhncwzkgo, hpvyov"wf zhbib xvf, chbhkoykh jow ghwow fb xvf ow wfy}kow yfgoyyfb h bfkow jf jkhncwzkgo jf cfgfwwkjh"jfw jf moybho kcmoybhkw, ftkwzf vbh bfcoy pyoihiklkjhjf jf xvf jfwfc}ol}hb vbplhco jf moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl phyh o wfy}ko, wfcjo knvhlbfczf }fyjhjfkyo okc}fywo# H pyogvyh jf bfkow jf jkhncwzkgo moybhkw yfmoyh h powwkiklkjhjf jf xvfdhah vb plhco jf moybho co wfy}ko# Fwzf yfwvlzhjo wfy}f phyh yfmoyhy h kjkh jfxvf, wfb xvf dhah vbh moybhlkqho jf zojhw hw fzhphw jo gkglo jf moybho $gobfwpfgkhl yflf}o phyh o lf}hczhbfczo jhw cfgfwwkjhjfw xvf wf moy moyahjh kcjvq fb fyyozojo o pyogfwwo moybhzk}o+, gocwviwzhcgkhjhw cvb jogvbfczo kcwzkzvgkochl kczfnyhjo,xvf pojfyfbow hpflkjhy jf plhco jf moybho, wfy ch pyzkgh kbpoww}fl pyobo"}fy pyonyhbhw jf moybho gokcgkjfczfw gob hw cfgfwwkjhjfw pyfwfczfw, f bvkzo bf"

cow mhqfy ftzyhpolhfw jfwwhw cfgfwwkjhjfw phyh o mvzvyo# Fwzh hynvbfczho cofczyh oiyknhzoykhbfczf fb yozh jf golkwo gob h hczfykoy, xvf wvnfyf h jkwpfywo f hkbpyf}kwkiklkjhjf jhw fwzyvzvyhw# Gob fmfkzo, wf poy vb lhjo cow phyfgf jfmfcw}flxvf dhah chw oynhckqhfw vbh wkwzfbhzkqho jh jfzfgo jf cfgfwwkjhjfw jf moy"bho xvf cow pfybkzh zfczhy moycfgfy vbh moybho hjfxvhjh, poy ovzyo zfbow hgocwgkcgkh jf xvf ow pyfwwvpowzow fb xvf cow ihwfhbow phyh mhqfy fwwf jkhncwzkgowo fmbfyow $jo poczo jf }kwzh jo wfv doykqoczf zfbpoyhl+ f pojfyo fwzhy fyyhjow#H dhybockqho jfwzfw poczow jf }kwzh jf}fy fwzhy pyfwfczf xvhcjo fxvhgkochybowo gkglo jh moybho#

H kcftkwzcgkh jf vbh vckmoybkqho jf gykzykow phyh o fc}ko jow moybhcjowphyh hfw jf moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl mok ovzyo jow mhzow gocmkybhjow pflowyfwvlzhjow hlghchjow# Yf}flhjoy hkcjh xvf o gykzyko jobkchczf kc}fczhykhjo pflowkcxvkykjow wfah o jh zfczhzk}h jf hzvhlkqho jf gocdfgkbfczow f co o jh zfczhzk}hjf bvjhy hzkzvjfw f gobpoyzhbfczow ov jh zfczhzk}h jf pyfphyho phyh bvjhchwmvzvyhw gobo wfykh jf fwpfyhy zfcjo fb goczh fwzhybow zyhzhcjo jo wfnbfczo fwpfgmk"go jh moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl# Goczvjo, f hpfwhy jf co phyfgfy fyyhjh hftkwzcgkh jf vbh jk}fywkjhjf jf gykzykow, jf hgoyjo gob ow wfy}kow fb hclkwf, bhwwoiyfzvjo gocwohczf ow wfvw oiafzk}ow zyhhjow phyh h moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl, jf"}fy wfbpyf ftkwzky vbh lnkgh xvf pyfwkjh h jfmkcko jfwwfw gykzykow f jow pyopwkzow

fb mvco jow xvhkw wo jfmkckjow# Cfwzf ghwo, h kcftkwzcgkh hphyfczf jf vbh moybh jf


12/29

89=: Gwhy Bhjvyf k yh


hyzkgvlho jf gykzykow phyh h moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl phyfgf jfgoyyfy jf

vbh jfwhyzkgvlho bhkw hbplh ch moybh gobo fwz pfcwhjh h moybho co goczftzojh hjbkckwzyho pilkgh# O mhzo jh }oczhjf jow mvcgkocykow wfy jfgkwk}h ch wvh fwgo"ldh phyh h myfxcgkh jf hfw jf moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl, fb jfzykbfczo jfovzyow mhzoyfw gobo h wkczockh fczyf h jfgkwo jh gdfmkh f ow pyonyhbhw jf moybho jfovzyow jfphyzhbfczow jo wfy}ko, ov fczyf fwzfw jokw mhzoyfw f o lf}hczhbfczo moybhljhw cfgfwwkjhjfw jf moybho, mok zhbib yf}flhjo pflow yfwvlzhjow oizkjow h phyzkyjhw yfwpowzhw jow moybhcjow# Fwzh xvfwzo }fb yfmoyhy h kjkh jf fwzhybow pfyhczfpyogfwwow jf jfwoynhckqho ov hkcjh jf hvzo"oynhckqho#

Ow yfwvlzhjow gocmkybhb xvf o KCH $yno gfczyhl pyobozoy jf moybho+ ogfczyo h xvf bhkw yfgoyyfb ow mvcgkocykow phyh myfxfczhyfb hfw jf moybho gob"poyzhbfczhl, f xvf ch bhkoykh jow wfy}kow jh hjbkckwzyho pilkgh poyzvnvfwh coftkwzfb gfczyow jf moybho pyomkwwkochl, cfb jf moybho fwpfgkmkghbfczf gobpoy"zhbfczhl, pojfbow jf mhzo wvwzfczhy vbh moyzf wvwpfkzh jf xvf co ftkwzf vbh wvmkgkfc"zf jfwgfczyhlkqho jow gfczyow pyobozoyfw jf moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl# H ftgfwwk}hgocgfczyho jhw yfwpocwhiklkjhjfw jh pyoboo jf moybho $wfcjo h popvlho jfmoybhcjow pyo}fckfczf jf wfzoyfw zo jkwzkczow gobo fgocobkh, mkchchw, fbpyfno, jf"mfwh, avwzkh, whjf, hnykgvlzvyh f pfwgh fzg#+ cvb yno gobo o KCH, xvf, hpfwhy jf pow"wvky vbh ghyzfkyh jf moybhjoyfw ftzfycow, goczh gob vb fmfzk}o pfybhcfczf jf hpfchwgfygh jf 900 pfwwohw, phyfgf"cow jf mhzo ftgfwwk}h# Gobo yno pyobozoy gfczyhl, o

KCH pojfykh gocwzyvky bojflow jf moybho f jfwfc}ol}fy kckgkhzk}hw fwzyhznkghw xvf}kwhwwfb h jfwgfczyhlkqho, zfcjo fb }kwzh o ghyzfy phyzkgvlhy jhw hfw $fbioyh hl"nvbhw wfahb wvpowzhbfczf nfcfyhlkq}fkw+, hwwkb gobo o hpoko co jfwfc}ol}kbfczojf kcwzyvbfczow jf jkhncwzkgo f jf h}hlkho pypykow h ghjh wfy}ko $hkcjh xvf flfwpowwhb hpokhy"wf cvb yozfkyo/bojflo nloihl jf moybho gobvb phyh hw hfw jf moy"bho gobpoyzhbfczhl jh hjbk"ckwzyho pilkgh+# Fwzh cowwh goc}kgo jf hlnvbhmoybh yfmoyhjh pflh powko zobhjh pflow jkyknfczfw kcxvkykjow xvf f}kjfcgkhb cofwzhyfb jf hgoyjo gob h gfczyhlkqho jhw jfgkwfw woiyf h omfyzh jf moybho cvbckgo yno, woiyfzvjo poy avlnhyfb cfgfwwykh h jk}fywkmkgho jh omfyzh#

Fb zojo fwzf pyogfwwo jf hphyfczf kbpyfgkwo ch jfmkcko jo phpfl f jh nfw"

zo jh moybho pyomkwwkochl goczcvh ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl ch hjbkckwzyho p"ilkgh poyzvnvfwh, vb mhzoy xvf cow phyfgf zfy fcoybf yflf}cgkh , wfnvcjo owjkyknfczfw, h hpowzh ch hzvhlkqho jow yfgvywow dvbhcow jo poczo jf }kwzh gobpoy"zhbfczhl wfy hbplkhjh h zojow ow mvcgkocykow, co ftkwzkcjo vbh polzkgh jf moybh"o ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl jkyfgkochjh phyh nyvpow pyomkwwkochkw fwpfgmkgow# Wf }fyjhjf xvf h moybho, pykcgkphlbfczf ch wvh }fyzfczf gobpoyzhbfczhl, fwwfcgk"hl h zojow ow mvcgkocykow, vbh }fq xvf w hwwkb pojfyfbow zfy yfgvywow dvbhcowgobpfzfczfw phyh h ho fb hbikfczfw jf kcgfyzfqh f jf zvyivlcgkh, co jfkth jfwfy jfmfcw}fl xvf ow jkyknfczfw pojfyo, fb zojo f xvhlxvfy pyogfwwo jf bvjhch,wfy ow wfvw bhkoyfw hlkhjow ov ow jf bhkw pyomvcjh yfwkwzcgkh,8: pflo xvf jf}fykhb,

zhl}fq, }fy pyk}klfnkhjh h wvh moybho cfwzh yfh# Fb }fq jkwwo, f hkcjh wfnvcjo yf"


13/29



wvlzhjow pyo}fckfczfw jhw yfwpowzhw moycfgkjhw pflow pypykow jkyknfczfw, gfygh jf 9/

7 yfgocdfgfb xvf ow jkyknfczfw co wf fcgoczyhb fczyf ow nyvpow pyomkwwkochkw bhkwhwwjvow ch myfxcgkh jf hfw jf moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl# Fwzh vbh wkzvhofb chjh mh}oy}fl ho jfwfc}ol}kbfczo jf vbh polzkgh jf moybho gobpoyzhbfc"zhl gocgfyzhjh gob f}fczvhkw pyoafzow jf bojfyckqho, vbh }fq xvf h glhwwf jkyk"nfczf, hkcjh xvf zfoykghbfczf hwwogkhjh }hcnvhyjh jh bvjhch, wf jfbkzfhphyfczfbfczf jf vbh hzk}kjhjf ch xvhl jf}fykh wfy pkocfkyh#

Yfwvbo1 zyhzhjhw zojhw fwzhw xvfwzfw kjfczkmkghjhw gob h pyopowko 8, po"jfyhbow gocglvky xvf nfcfykghbfczf o gocavczo jow yfwvlzhjow hpoczh phyh h gocmky"bho jf xvf o phpfl jh moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl gobo yfmoyo yfmoybhhjbkckwzyhzk}h fcgoczyh"wf kbpyfgkwhbfczf jfmkckjo, zfcjo wkjo poy cw hjkhczhjhw

hlnvbhw pyo}}fkw ftplkghfw phyh h ghvwh jfwzf mfcbfco# F}kjfcgkov"wf o mhzojf xvf ow jkhncwzkgow jf cfgfwwkjhjfw f ow plhcow goczfbplhcjo h moybho gob"poyzhbfczhl wo fwghwwow, ow gykzykow jf wflfo jow moybhcjow co wf hpyfwfczhbvckmoybkqhjow f ftkwzf vbh ftgfwwk}h gfczyhlkqho jh moybho co KCH#

H nfwzo jh moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl pflhw kcwzkzvkfw pilkghw1 pfywpfgzk}h

zfgckghbfczf hjfxvhjh ov jobkcho goypoyhzk}h? $yfwpowzh pyopowko 9+

Jf vbh moybh nfcykgh, hwwvbf"wf xvf, co wfko jh hjbkckwzyho pilkgh, h hjoo jf

vbh pfywpfgzk}h bhkw zgckgh ch nfwzo jh moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl jkmkgvl"zhjh pflh yfgoyyfczf woiyfpowko jf vbh pfywpfgzk}h kcwzkzvgkochl goypoyhzk}h, ocjfzyhjko, yfnyhw, yfnvlhbfczow ov hczknkjhjfw wf woiyfpfb yhgkochlkjhjf jf nfw"zo# H cowwh pyopowko hpyfwfczh}h"wf zfcjo gobo ihwf o bojflo jf Booyf f Kwdhe$8;4;+, wfnvcjo o xvhl h nfwzo jh moybho fwzhykh wfbpyf gocjkgkochjh poy vbh bf"zhgvlzvyh bhkoy $cfwzf ghwo h jh hjbkckwzyho pilkgh gobo vb zojo+, hwwkb gobopflh gvlzvyh jf ghjh wfy}ko fb phyzkgvlhy#

Jfwwh moybh, f h mkb jf pfygfifybow h vzklkqho jh moybho gobpoyzh"bfczhl pflhw dkfyhyxvkhw, kczfyfwwh}h"cow kjfczkmkghy ow fwzklow jf nfwzo hjozhjowcow wfy}kow jh hjbkckwzyho pilkgh poyzvnvfwh# Jf hgoyjo gob hw opkckfw ft"pyfwwhw pflow moybhcjow, o fwzklo jf nfwzo pyfjobkchczf ch hjbkckwzyho pilk"gh poyzvnvfwh wfykh o jfbogyzkgo, wfnvkjo jf bvkzo pfyzo pflo phyzkgkphzk}o#Fwwfw yfwvlzhjow co gocmkybhb, gobo a zcdhbow oiwfy}hjo, h cowwh pyopowkoxvf wvnfykh xvf o fwzklo jf nfwzo pyfjobkchczf ch hjbkckwzyho poyzvnvfwh wf"ykh h ivyogyhgkh# H ftplkgho, pflo bfcow phygkhl, jow yfwvlzhjow pojf phwwhypflo mhzo jf ow kcxvkykjow wfyfb hpfchw xvhjyow wvpfykoyfw, bvkzow jow xvhkw jf"

8: Hyzknow gobo Ghbpow $9009+, Hyhao $8;;;+ f Yogdh $8;;4+ mhqfb jkyfzh ov kcjkyfzhbfczf hlvwo h

fwzf mhzo#


14/29

89== Gwhy Bhjvyf k yh


wfbpfcdhcjo ghynow jf gdfmkh, jf gooyjfcho ov jf jkyfo#86 Zhl}fq poy kwwo

powwh ftkwzky vb ozkbkwbo ftgfwwk}o jow mvcgkocykow xvhczo ho fwzklo jf nfwzopyhzkghjo cow wfvw wfy}kow, zoychcjo"wf bhkw gobplkghjo o yfgocdfgkbfczo jfxvf ow wfy}kow ocjf zyhihldhb powwhb fwzhy wviavnhjow h vb fwzklo jf nfwzoivyogyzkgo, fcghyhjo pflo wfcwo gobvb gobo vbh kcf}kzhiklkjhjf jfwhwzyowh fco gobo mhqfcjo phyzf jh zfoykh jh oynhckqho, f gobo zhl kczykcwfghbfczf jhhjbkckwzyho pilkgh#8=

Zhbib hw jfgkwfw woiyf h phyzkgkpho jow mvcgkocykow fb hfw jf moybh"o ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl wo, jf hgoyjo gob ow mvcgkocykow kcxvkykjow, ch bhkoykhjhw }fqfw zobhjhw pflhw gdfmkhw, jfpokw jf fmfzvhjh vbh gocwvlzh how mvcgkocykow#Poy ovzyo lhjo, vbh fwbhnhjoyh bhkoykh jf wvafkzow hjbkzf zfy myfxfczhjo gvywow jf

moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl poy }oczhjf pypykh# Fwzh xvfwzo fcgoczyh gofycgkh gob hhczfykoy# Gob fmfkzo, kcjfpfcjfczfbfczf jow moybhcjow kcxvkykjow wf zyhzhyfb jf gdf"mkhw kczfybfjkykhw ov co, wf fwzfw wfczfb xvf phyzkgkphb cow pyogfwwow jf zobhjh jfjfgkwo, cobfhjhbfczf ch fwgoldh jh myfxcgkh jh moybho, chzvyhl xvf wf yf}f"ahb cvb bojflo oynhckqhgkochl fb xvf hw gdfmkhw wo jfbogyzkghw#

Jh bfwbh moybh, cfwzh wfo, ow jkyknfczfw hwwvbfb xvf h yfwpocwhiklkjhjfpflh kjfczkmkgho jhw cfgfwwkjhjfw jf moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl , yfnyh nf"yhl, phyzkldhjh fczyf dkfyhyxvkhw f mvcgkocykow# Poy mkb, zhbib co xvf zogh ho plh"cfahbfczo, ow jkyknfczfw hmkybhb xvf ftkwzf vb fc}ol}kbfczo jow mvcgkocykow ch

phyzkldh jf yfwpocwhiklkjhjfw gob hw dkfyhyxvkhw, co bobfczo jh flhioyho jo plh"cfahbfczo jhw hfw jf moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl, yfmoyhcjo"wf hwwkb hkjkh jf kbplkgho jow mvcgkocykow fb jfgkwfw phyzkldhjhw xvhczo h xvfwzfw yf"lhgkochjhw gob hw }ykhw fzhphw jo gkglo jh moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl#

Ow hynvbfczow wvwgfz}fkw jf ftplkghy fwzfw yfwvlzhjow wfyo wfcwk}flbfczf owbfwbow xvf vzklkqhbow ch kczfypyfzho jo kzfb a zyhzhjo xvf wf yfmfykh ho fwzklojf nfwzo cow wfy}kow#

Fb bhzykh jf phyzkldh gob ow golfnhw jow gobpoyzhbfczow hpyfcjkjow chwhfw jf moybho, h bhkoykh jow moybhcjow gocgoyjh gob h wvh ftkwzcgkh, fwzhcjo

pytkbh jf jkwgoyjhy jo mhzo jf ftkwzky vbh yfwkwzcgkh bvjhch poy phyzf jow wfy"}kow fb mhgf jf pyopowzhw jf mvcgkocykow, ihwfhjhw ch hpyfcjkqhnfb jfgoyyfczf jhmoybho gobpoyzhbfczhl yfgfikjh# H bjkh jow kcxvkykjow fwz bhkw pfyzo jf jkwgoy"jhy jo xvf jf gocgoyjhy xvf ow wfy}kow zyh}fb co}ow gobpoyzhbfczow yfwvlzhczfw jh

86 Co pojfbow moycfgfy cbfyow fthzow# Hkcjh hwwkb, h }hlkjhjf jh cowwh hmkybho pojf wfy gocmky"bhjh pflh hclkwf gvkjhjowh jhw yfwpowzhw jow xvfwzkocykow vb h vb# H h}hlkho jhw yfwpowzhw pfy"nvczh 8#87 jo xvfwzkocyko jkyknkjo how moybhcjow yf}flh xvf h bhkoykh jow moybhcjow kcxvkykjowjfwfbpfcdh ghynow jf jkyfo#8=

]fy Gyoqkfy $8;=7+#


15/29

Y fw v l z hj o w j h Mo yb ho P yo m k w w k o c h l G o b p o y z hb fczh l 89=>


moybho# Phyfgf co wf gocmkybhy h pfywpfgzk}h kcjk}kjvhlkwzh jf moybho, bhw hc"

zfw h jh hpyfcjkqhnfb oynhckqhgkochl wvnfykjh poy Wkwzfychw $8;;;+ xvf hlfyzh phyh omhzo jf fwzh jf}fy wfy o flfbfczo yfwpocw}fl ch hjoo jf co}hw gocjvzhw ch oynh"ckqho, zfczhcjo cvcgh pyk}klfnkhy o gobpoyzhbfczo oynhckqhgkochl kcjk}kjvhlkqh"jo#

Ow jkyknfczfw yfkzfyhb h kjkh jf xvf, xvhcjo yfnyfwwh jf vbh ho jf moybh"o ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl, o mvcgkocyko lf}hjo h wfczky"wf kcgfczk}hjo phyh kczf"nyhy vbh jkcbkgh jf bvjhch f jf bojfyckqho co wfv pypyko wfy}ko# Cooiwzhczf, phyfgf"cow kbpoyzhczf pyogfjfybow h vbh kczfypyfzho jfzhldhjh jow yfwvl"zhjow#

Gobo mok yfkzfyhjhbfczf jkwgvzkjo ho locno jo fcxvhjyhbfczo zfykgo, fb"ioyh powwh wfy phygkhlbfczf pyf}fckjh ov bkcoyhjh, h yfwkwzcgkh bvjhch fwzwfbpyf, bhkw ov bfcow, hwwogkhjh how pyogfwwow jf bvjhch oynhckqhgkochl#8> Oyh,hw yfwpowzhw jf jkyknfczfw f jf mvcgkocykow pojfykhb cow lf}hy h pfcwhy xvf wf zyh"zhwwf cfwzf pyfgkwo ghwo jh ftgfo xvf gocmkybh h yfnyh# Poyb, f woiyfzvjo pflomhzo jf ow kcxvkykjow wfyfb pyo}fckfczfw jow bhkw jk}fywow ynow jh hjbkckwzyhopilkgh poyzvnvfwh, co cow phyfgf xvf powwh wfy fwwh h ftplkgho# Wfykh bvkzonyhcjf h gokcgkjcgkh jf fwzhyfb yfvckjow ch cowwh hbowzyh zojow ow xvf pyfzfcjfbyfgfify f goczykivky hzk}hbfczf phyh h bvjhch# Gyfbow hczfw zyhzhy"wf jh phyzf jowmvcgkocykow $co jkyknfczfw+ jf vb wfczkbfczo klvwyko, jf jfwfahiklkjhjf wogkhljf xvf o kcgfczk}o phyzkgkpho pyohzk}h ch bvjhch wfah vb mhzo yfhl# Poy phyzfjow jkyknfczfw, zyhzh"wf jf yfmoyhyfb vbh kjkh polkzkghbfczf goyyfzh jh kbplkgh"o jf zojow ch bvjhch# Goczvjo, wfcjo ow xvf bhkw pyk}klnkow zb co pyfwfczf,ow jkyknfczfw pojfb, fb bvkzow ghwow, wfy ow pykcgkphkw kckbknow jh bvjhch# Gobfmfkzo, hpfchw jkmkgklbfczf fwzfw pojfyo jkyknky, gob ftglvwk}kjhjf jo pojfy jfgkw"yko, vb pyogfwwo jf yfmoybh, vbh }fq xvf mhqfb phyzf jh yfhlkjhjf oynhckqhgkochl hwfy bojkmkghjh# Jh bfwbh moybh, co pojfb nfyky woqkcdow ow pyonyhbhw jf moybh"o pyomkwwkochl goczcvh woi pfch jf co whifyfb $ov xvfyfyfb+ hjfxvhy bvjhc"h cfgfwwykh# Phyh zhl wfyo wfbpyf cfgfwwykhw goczykivkfw }kcjhw jf moyh jh

oynhckqho pilkgh# Zhl}fq poy wfyfb gcwgkow jkwwo, ow jkyknfczfw opzfb pflo jkw"gvywo jh kbplkgho jow jk}fywow c}fkw dkfyyxvkgow, gobo moybh jf vbh bvjhc"h phyzkldhjh, bhw klvwykh# Jf mhzo, w jfwwh moybh pojfyo nhyhczky h fwzhiklkjhjf

8> Gobo wf pfygfif fb Nhcdo $8;;6+, h bvjhch phww}fl jf co nfyhy yfwkwzcgkhw, wf moy co wfczkjojf bfldoyhy oiafzk}hbfczf hw gocjkfw jow mvcgkocykow, poy ftfbplo, poy vb hvbfczo kcfwpfyhjo jfwhlyko ov jo bfldoyhbfczo jh fynocobkh jo wfv fwpho jf zyhihldo# Co fczhczo, co jfwwh bvjhchxvf hxvk wf zyhzh# Woiyf h xvfwzo jh yfwkwzcgkh bvjhch pojfbow hkcjh ho locno jh jkwwfyzho goc"wvlzhy hvzoyfw jk}fywow# Cfwzh wfo, hlb jh }hwzh oiyh jf Lf~kc $8;=6+, bfyfgf fwpfgkhl jfwzhxvf o zyh"

ihldo jf Ehczfy, Wzfkc f Akge $8;;9+#


16/29



jow a hjxvkykjow wzhzvw f pyk}klnkow, wfb goczvjo jfkthyfb jf pyomfyky h mybvlh

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Yfwvbo1 poy mkb, f co xvf zogh how zfbhw hioyjhjow ch pyopowko 9, pojf"

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H kcjfmkcko ch h}hlkho jh moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl co goczftzo jh

hjbkckwzyho pilkgh $yfwpowzh pyopowko 7+

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Zhbib xvhczo ho bobfczo fwgoldkjo phyh hw hfw jf h}hlkho, f hzfczhc"jo w yfwpowzhw jow kcxvkykjow woiyf fwzh bhzykh, }fykmkgov"wf xvf o pykcgkphl bo"

bfczo jf kcgkjcgkh jh h}hlkho jhw hfw jf moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl o mkb jh


17/29

Y fw v l z hj o w j h Mo yb ho P yo m k w w k o c h l G o b p o y z hb fczh l 89=;


ho, wfcjo xvhwf wfbpyf jfwghyzhjh h opo jh h}hlkho gobo pyogfwwo goczkcvh"

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qhjow moyh jo KCH# Zyhzh"wf, pokw, jf vbh xvfwzo, bhkw jo xvf kczycwfgh h vb jfzfy"bkchjo yno pyobozoy jf moybho, pyo}h}flbfczf gvlzvyhl f zyhcw}fywhl fb zojh hhjbkckwzyho pilkgh# h pyo}h jf xvf co ftkwzf vbh gvlzvyh jfbogyzkgh, cfbzhbpovgo jf phyzkgkpho ch hjbkckwzyho pilkgh poyzvnvfwh f xvf o mhzo, a gkzh"jo, jow moybhcjow hgdhyfb xvf o fwzklo pyfjobkchczf jf nfwzo o jfbogyzkgowf lknh bhkw h ftpfgzhzk}hw jo xvf yfhlkjhjf hjbkckwzyhzk}h#

H cowwh pyopowko, jf xvf ow jkyknfczfw yfgocdfgfb h vzklkjhjf jh h}hlkhojo kbphgzo jh moybho $fb jfzykbfczo jhw ovzyhw fzhphw jh h}hlkho+, gobo }fgv"lo jf }hloy hgyfwgfczhjo phyh vbh nfwzo xvf wf xvfkyh bojfych, }"wf zhbib goc"mkybhjh# Vbh }fq bhkw ftkwzf h jfmfwh jh zfoykh, jo gocwfcwvhlbfczf goyyfzo,wfb xvf ch pyzkgh ftkwzhb xvhkwxvfy wkchkw glhyow jf zfcjcgkh phyh vbh fmfzk}h fyfgocdfgkjh ivwgh jf wkwzfbhzkqho phyh fwwf zkpo jf h}hlkho#

Yfwvbo1 gobo gocglvwo jfwzh wfo $woiyf h pyopowko 7+ pojf"wf jkqfyxvf wf gocmkybh xvf h h}hlkho jh moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl wf fcgoczyh kchjfxvh"jhbfczf jfmkckjh co goczftzo jh hjbkckwzyho pilkgh, co pojfcjo goczykivky jfmoybh kcfxv}ogh phyh o fwzhiflfgkbfczo jf vb gkglo jf moybho wkwzfbhzkqhjo fgofyfczf#

H yflho fczyf h }fyzfczf gobpoyzhbfczhl jow pyonyhbhw jf moybho


18/29

89>0 Gwhy Bhjvyf k yh


pyomkwwkochl goczcvh f h hpyfcjkqhnfb/gobpoyzhbfczow jow mvcgkocykow

covzyhw yfhw jf moybho$yfwpowzh pyopowko :+

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cykow, jf gvywow jf moybho pyomkwwkochl, jf}fykh wfnvky vbh lnkgh gob ihwf cowhynvbfczow gkzhjow#

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84 ]fy Gvcdh $8;;;+# Jf vbh moybh bhkw kcjkyfzh zhbib ow zyhihldow jf Wzhgf{ $8;;=5 9008+ f jf

Mocwfgh $8;;>5 9009+ hioyjhb o hwwvczo#


19/29

Y fw v l z hj o w j h Mo yb ho P yo m k w w k o c h l G o b p o y z hb fczh l 89>8


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Poy ovzyo lhjo, f goczyhykhcjo jf gfyzh moybh o jkwpowzo, ow yfwvlzhjow hpyf"

wfczhjow jo"cow goczh jf xvf hw hfw jf moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl yf"


20/29



moyhb fwwfcgkhlbfczf ch pyzkgh $f co w fb zfoykh+ o jobcko jf gobpfzcgkhw

jhw hzkzvjfw f jow gobpoyzhbfczow,8;

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wvpfykoyfw $yfwpowzh pyopowko =+

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8; O jobcko gobpoyzhbfczhl hpoczhjo, poy hvzoyfw gobo Lf Iozfym $8;;;+ ov F}fyhfyf $9000+, gobo

pyfjobkchczf ch jfwkncho bojfych jo zfybo gobpfzcgkh#


21/29



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hjbkckwzyho pilkgh poyzvnvfwh $yfwpowzh pyopowko >+

Wf moy }fyjhjf xvf ow pyoafzow jf yfmoybh fwzo hczfw jf bhkw chjh jfpfcjfczfw jfpolzkghw, fwzyhznkhw, bhw woiyfzvjo jf vb mko gocjvzoy, fczo o bfwbo xvf jkqfyxvf o phpfl jh glhwwf jkyknfczf jfzfybkchczf fb zojo f xvhlxvfy pyogfwwo jf yfmoy"bh/bojfyckqho# Poy kwwo, jf}f"wf fwzvjhy h mvcjo h powko jow jkyknfczfw fb mhgfjo pyogfwwo jf yfmoybh/bojfyckqho jh hjbkckwzyho pilkgh poyzvnvfwh#

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gklbfczf bfcwvy}fkw h ovzyh bfzhjf jkq xvf ow bfwbow wf hpyfwfczhb gobo jkmk"gklbfczf bfcwvy}fkw# Jfwwh moybh, pojfbow }hlkjhy, pflo bfcow phygkhlbfczf, hpyopowzh xvf hpoczh}h phyh h jkmkgvljhjf jf kjfczkmkgho jf gykzykow bfcwvy}fkwphyh h nfwzo jh moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl poy phyzf jow jkyknfczfw#

H xvfwzo jh bfcwvyhiklkjhjf jow gykzykow phyh h nfwzo jh moybho lknh"wf,zhbib, gob h h}hlkho f gob hw wvhw yfhkw powwkiklkjhjfw# Ho gkzhy xvf ftkwzf vbh

90 Xvhczo w pykcgkphkw pyfwwfw phyh h bvjhch ch hjbkckwzyho pilkgh pojfbow gocwvlzhy Hyhao

$8;;7+ f ^ykndz $8;;:+#


22/29

89>: Gwhy Bhjvyf k yh


mhgklkjhjf ch bfcwvyho jow gykzykow, ow jkyknfczfw phyfgfb zfy wolvfw jf ftgf"

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Co oiwzhczf, h glhwwf jkyknfczf phyfgf fwzhy hlfyzh phyh h kbpoyzcgkh jo ph"pfl jh moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl cvb gfcyko jf bojfyckqho jh hjbkckwzyhopilkgh# H nyhcjf bhkoykh jow jkyknfczfw hpyfwfczh"wf, pflo bfcow zfoykghbfczf, jfhgoyjo gob h hzykivko jf vb phpfl fwzyhznkgo moybho pyomkwwkochl ch yfhgobpoyzhbfczhl, cvb xvhjyo jf }flogkjhjf ftpocfcgkhl jh bvjhch oynhckqhgko"chl# Fwwfw jhjow wo, woiyfzvjo, yf}flhjoyfw jf xvf, pfygfifcjo xvf o hzvhl xvhjyojf zvyivlcgkh fgocbkgh f, poy gocwfxcgkh, oynhckqhgkochl hzvh zhbib co jo"bcko jh hjbkckwzyho pilkgh poyzvnvfwh, ow jkyknfczfw fwzo hlfyzh phyh o mhzo jfzfyfb xvf hlzfyhy fwzyhznkhw, gvlzvyh oynhckqhgkochl f gobpoyzhbfczow# Fbioyh owyfwvlzhjow wvnkyhb xvf co ftkwzf vbh gocgoyjcgkh hiwolvzh xvhczo kczfcwkjh"jf gob xvf wfczkjh pflow jkyknfczfw h cfgfwwkjhjf jf hzykivko jf vb nyhv jfkbpoyzcgkh moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl# Hkcjh xvf h cowwh goc}kgo powwh poy"

}fczvyh zfy vb ghyzfy phygkhlbfczf fwpfgvlhzk}o, pojfbow wvpoy xvf co ftkwzf vbhgocwgkfczkqho gocwfcwvhl, glhyh f kcfxv}ogh jo phpfl xvf jf}f jfwfbpfcdhy hmoybho gobpoyzhbfczhl co jfwknc jow co}ow pfymkw pyomkwwkochkw/mvcgkochkw f jhwco}hw gobpfzcgkhw yfxvfykjhw# H}fczhbow bfwbo h powwkiklkjhjf jf, fb hlnvcwghwow, wf hjbkzky h kbpoyzcgkh jh moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl wfb xvf wf pfygfih yk"noyowhbfczf o poyxv, yfpyojvqkcjo"wf vb jkwgvywo polkzkghbfczf goyyfzo#

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jfwfahjh# Wfah gobo moy, gfyzo phyfgf o mhzo jf xvf ow jkyknfczfw hkcjh co hzykiv"


23/29



fb w wvhw pypykhw gobpfzcgkhw gobpoyzhbfczhkw h kbpoyzcgkh wvmkgkfczf, goczyh"

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bh kcgofycgkh f jfwgoczkcvkjhjf chw goc}kgfw, bvkzhw jhw }fqfw hkcjh poy hbhjv"yfgfy, jow jkyknfczfw fb yflho h fwzh zfbzkgh# Hgyfwgfczf"wf xvf co wf jf}f pfyjfyjf }kwzh o hynvbfczo xvf flfnf, poy xvfwzfw a gkzhjhw, ow jkyknfczfw gobo vb jowpykcgkphkw cglfow jf yfwkwzcgkh bvjhch, f gobo zhl h zvjo o xvf yfpyfwfczf vbhbojkmkgho pyomvcjh# Oyh, h kczyojvo jf vb gobpocfczf jf vbh moybho gobpoy"zhbfczhl, gob yfhl pfwo fwzyhznkgo, yfwpocw}fl pflh gocwzkzvko jf co}hw gobpf"zcgkhw, yfxvfykjhw poy co}ow moybhzow oynhckqhgkochkw, gocwzkzvky"wf" chzvyhl"bfczfgobo lkbkzho h vb pojfy xvf a wf fcgoczyf fcyhkqhjo#

Cvb goczftzo jfwwf zkpo, wf dov}fy vbh hpowzh ftglvwk}h cow jkyknfczfwgobo h gdh}f jo wvgfwwo jh bojfyckqho hjbkckwzyhzk}h, flh pojf fwzhy moyzfbfczfgobpyobfzkjh# Cfwzh wfo phyfgf kcgoczoyc}fl h ivwgh jf vbh yfwpowzh phyh hpfynvczh1 pojfyo o pyogfwwo jf yfmoybh f jf bojfyckqho jh hjbkckwzyho pilk"gh f ow pyonyhbhw jf moybho pyomkwwkochl goczcvh xvf ldf fwzfahb hwwogkhjow wfyhpfchw gocjvqkjow poy vbh fwzyvzvyh hjbkckwzyhzk}h jf yhkq ivyogyzkgh f kbivjh jfvbh wykf jf }gkow jfgoyyfczfw jf vbh mklowomkh oynhckqhgkochl wfgvlhy, ov, ho goc"zyyko, jf}fy"wf" pyogfjfy h vbh ivwgh jf kcmlvcgkhw ftzfychw xvf jfzfcdhb vbphpfl jf pfwo ch jfmkcko jow bfkow phyh wf hlghchy h hlbfahjh yfmoybh hjbkckw"zyhzk}h?

Xvhlxvfy xvf wfah h yfwpowzh fcgoczyhjh pflo pojfy polzkgo phyh fwzh xvfw"

zo, phyfgf"cow xvf fwzh vbh pkwzh fwwfcgkhl phyh yfmlfto mvzvyh#


24/29

89>= Gwhy Bhjvyf k yh


Bfcgkocf"wf hkcjh xvf co ftkwzf cow wfy}kow fwzvjhjow vbh fwzyhznkh jf

nfwzo jf vb gkglo kczfnyhl jf moybho xvf goczfbplf zojhw hw wvhw mhwfw jfw"jf o lf}hczhbfczo jhw cfgfwwkjhjfw hz h h}hlkho jow yfwvlzhjow oynhckqhgko"chkw# Wfb xvf ftkwzh fwzh fwzyhznkh, jkmkgklbfczf h moybho pojfy fwzhy fbgocmoybkjhjf gob pyoafzow bhkw hbplow jf yfmoybh f jf bojfyckqho# O mhzo jfvb wfy}ko fc}khy vb mvcgkocyko jf zhczo fb zhczo zfbpo ov vb mvcgkocyko ghjhhco h vb gvywo, fwgoldkjo bhkw ov bfcow hyikzyhykhbfczf pflh gdfmkh ov poy }oczh"jf jo mvcgkocyko, co wvmkgkfczf phyh wf kcwzkzvky vbh gvlzvyh jf bvjhch# Kwwo bhkw }fyjhjfkyo cvb goczftzo jf mvcgkochbfczo ihwfhjo ch ivyogyhgkh ocjf goc"gfkzow gobo h lfhyckcn oynhckqhzkoc $hxvflf xvf hpyfcjf jkmvcjf jf kbfjkhzo owco}ow gocdfgkbfczow f gobpoyzhbfczow pflh oynhckqho+, xvf pyf} hvzocobkh f

yfwpocwhiklkqho jow wvafkzow, co zb xvhlxvfy powwkiklkjhjf jf jfwfc}ol}kbfc"zo pyzkgo#

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6# Gocglvwfw

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}hlkh cvb goczftzo jf yfmoybh f bojfyckqho hjbkckwzyhzk}h#Gob fmfkzo, ow yfwvlzhjow bowzyhb xvf h bhkoykh jow wfy}kow goczkcvh wfb vzk"

lkqhy bfkow jf jkhncwzkgo moybhkw ch jfzfgo jf cfgfwwkjhjfw jf moybho ch yfhgobpoyzhbfczhl, co oynhckqhcjo xvhlxvfy zkpo jf plhco jf moybho phyh vb jfzfybk"chjo pfyojo jf zfbpo# Ow gykzykow jf wflfo jow ghcjkjhzow h moybhcjow wo povgoglhyow, kbpfyhcjo co yhyhw }fqfw h }oczhjf jo mvcgkocyko fb jfzykbfczo jf vbh hyzk"gvlho jh bfwbh gob vbh fwzyhznkh jf moybho kczfnyhjh gob o jfphyzhbfczo ovgob ow jk}fywow jfphyzhbfczow jf vb wfy}ko# Jfwwh moybh, f hkcjh xvf gocwkjfyhcjoow mvcgkocykow gobo hzoyfw oynhckqhgkochkw xvf zyhihldhb cvbh fwzyvzvyh hifyzh f

gobplfth, wvwgfz}fkw jf fcgoczyhyfb hw wvhw pypykhw moybhw jf hvzo"oynhckqho, jk"


25/29

Y fw v l z hj o w j h Mo yb ho P yo m k w w k o c h l G o b p o y z hb fczh l 89>>


mkgklbfczf wf pojfy mhlhy jf vbh pfywpfgzk}h fwzyhznkgh ch nfwzo xvf mfkzh jo pyf"

zfcwo gkglo jf moybho ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl#Bfyfgf wfy yflf}hjo o mhzo jf co dh}fy vbh polzkgh jf moybho pyomkwwko"

chl ch yfh gobpoyzhbfczhl, jkyfgkochjh jkmfyfczfbfczf phyh jkwzkczow nyvpow pyo"mkwwkochkw# Fbioyh cfwzf c}fl jf moybho hw cfgfwwkjhjfw wfahb nfcfyhlkqhjhw, wfphyzkybow jo pykcgpko jf xvf hw dkfyhyxvkhw pojfb gocwzkzvky hnfczfw gooyjfchjo"yfw jh bvjhch f jow pyogfwwow jf yfmoybh, fwzhw jf}fykhb wfy phyzkgvlhybfczf wfc"w}fkw how pyonyhbhw cfwzh yfh# Goczvjo, ow jkyknfczfw wo pyfgkwhbfczf hxvflfwxvf bfcow myfxfczhb ow gvywow jf moybho gobpoyzhbfczhl#

Co xvf gocgfycf h}hlkho, }kbow xvf, jf hgoyjo gob ow moybhcjow, fwzh

hgoczfgf, woiyfzvjo, co c}fl jhw yfhfw, f hpfchw co mkb jh ho, co dh}fcjopokw vb wfnvkbfczo jo pyogfwwo h}hlkhzk}o# Hpfchw ow jkyknfczfw phyfgfb hgyfjkzhyxvf h moybho fwwfcgkhlbfczf bfjkjh co c}fl jo wfv kbphgzo# Zyhzh"wf wkb"plfwbfczf, fb cowwo fczfcjfy, jf vbh opo pflo jkwgvywo polkzkghbfczf goyyfzo#

Poy ovzyo lhjo, }fykmkgov"wf h ftkwzcgkh jf vbh zfcjcgkh phyh h gfczyhlkqh"o jh h}hlkho fmfzvhjh pflow ynow pyobozoyfw jf moybho pyomkwwkochl ch yfhgobpoyzhbfczhl, f phyh h co"kbplkgho jow wfy}kow glkfczfw cfwzf pyogfwwo# Cfw"zh wfo, pfcwhbow fwzhy pfyhczf vb mfcbfco, bhkw jo xvf kczycwfgo h vb jfzfy"bkchjo yno pyobozoy jf moybho $cfwzf ghwo o KCH+, pyo}h}flbfczf gvlzvyhl fzyhcw}fywhl fb zojh h hjbkckwzyho pilkgh#

Cvb goczftzo fb xvf, wfco bhckmfwzh, pflo bfcow lhzfczf h kjkh jf yfmoy"bh hjbkckwzyhzk}h, co bckbo fwzyhcdo xvf h fwbhnhjoyh bhkoykh jow mvcgkocyk"ow $cfwzf ghwo mhlhbow jf xvhjyow wvpfykoyfw, moybhlbfczf bhkw pytkbow jo pojfydkfyyxvkgo jo xvf ow zgckgow hjbkckwzyhzk}ow+ jfwgocdfh fb hiwolvzo h ftkwzc"gkh jf pyoafzow jf yfmoybh phyh ow wfvw wfy}kow# Kwzo wvnfyf xvf ov co ftkwzfbxvhkwxvfy pyoafzow jf bojfyckqho fb gvywo, ov flfw co wo phyzkldhjow gob owmvcgkocykow# Pojfy hkcjh jhy"wf o ghwo, zhl}fq o bhkw pyo}}fl, jf hbihw hw wvpo"wkfw wfyfb }fyjhjfkyhw, hplkghcjo"wf vbh ov ovzyh gocwohczf o wfy}ko fb xvfw"zo#

Xvhczo w gocglvwfw xvf pojfbow zkyhy woiyf hw yfwpowzhw jhjhw pflow jkyk"nfczfw, flhw yf}flhb hlnvbh pyfogvpho gob h xvfwzo jh moybho gobpoyzhbfc"zhl cvb goczftzo jf bvjhch hjbkckwzyhzk}h $hpfwhy jf yf}flhyfb poczvhkwkcgofycgkhw+, bhw jo bowzyhw zhbib jf vbh cfgfwwkjhjf jo yfgvywo ho jkwgvywopolkzkghbfczf goyyfzo, opzhcjo poy co hpoczhy ch bhkoykh jhw }fqfw mhldhw hphyfczf"bfczf f}kjfczfw# Fwzf mhzo ftplkgh"wf, pflo bfcow phygkhlbfczf, pflo yfgfko jh pfy"jh jf wzhzvw f jf pyk}klnkow nhyhczkjow pflh hzvhl fwzhiklkjhjf jo bobfczo, f xvf hbvjhch pojfy hlzfyhy# Hkcjh xvf ow yfwvlzhjow goldkjow co cow zfcdhb havjhjo hpyo}hy xvf ftkwzf vbh pfywpfgzk}h goypoyhzk}h jh moybho xvf pojf hnky gobo ilo"

xvfko h vbh nfwzo yhgkochl jh moybho phyh h bvjhch, h ikilkonyhmkh bfcgkoch


26/29



co yhyhw }fqfw fwzf mfcbfco xvf pfcwhbow zhbib ftkwzky, bhkw ov bfcow

fwghbozfhjo, ch yfhlkjhjf poyzvnvfwh#Bfwbo wfb zfyfb zhczow pyk}klnkow h jfmfcjfy, zhbib ow kcxvkykjow hph"

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27/29


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Documents

Resultados da formação profissional comportamental dos quadros superiores na reforma da administração pública portuguesa (1996-2001)