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« txpskw ipq. vra iKHipm-ia-em-v
<U3UUSinjI' ФРЪШЧП* СгиО-иЗХ1М«>31Пг
яолтиа-шшзръ ^иаи^шчплг 'чьэиыгь тлде&ивд
ч . t . а ь г ш г з и ъ
и ш п п ь ъ ч с г а и ч и 1г ь а и ч и в г ь
щ з ш г ь с га и ч гъ и ч и ч ьб и ь а п з ъ ь г
ч IV V. I3hnbmpli
11 u r s u ^ u r q - р ги ч ь & и ч ъ ь гь ЪШиигиГПМЭ-ЗПРЪ z u a in is m ,ь Ф № и г и г отт.и .зп к ск ш 'ъ
& ч ъ и с?и и и зьъ ч и п -п ч и г и и ъ'T lb S U W b и ч и ч ь и м !
ZS4: 502:351/354 (479.25)ОДП 20.1:67.99(22)19. 670
SJipiupjuih 4. b.9 670 U iupipii b 2Р2ш^ш iffipunliujpji Jungihuh diuifuihuilquilqfig
iffipnghbp. - bp .: 2008, 48 bp:
« UuipqnL h 2Р£ш1ри ifjipuiiluijpji fungduih (fiuduihiulpuljjig d fign gbbp» Ahnhuiplqp huijuiuinbuiluib t ZmjuiuuimhJi фрЦшршр buinuijnipjuih dqbiucfiULfuijfih tyiumui/uipdiuh iqbwmlqwb iulpuqbd]iiuj]i qiuuuijunuhhpji, m uuihm jhbpji h тЫ^ЬдфрЬЬрф huiduip: Ujb 1]шрщ t iqfimuih]i jjibb i huiL г/Др/z/z h pnLhuilpuh шд huufuilpupqbpfi duiuhuiqhuihhpji, Jib^tqbu biub шд A hnhiupl/iupjm hhbpfi duiuhiuqbuibhpji huiduip:
ОДП- 20.1:67.99 (22)1
ISBN 978-99941-856-9-6
© &qtiuiduiilui]]iti Ipimunjuipiluili tqbmuilpiili uilpuqhil]iui, 2008 p.
U m upuipiuh
20-pq quipji uljqpjig qjiumi_p]m.bq pnjqpuqjib quipquignul nUihgunJ, pbqhnuq qpunjhpiij mjihqhpuilpnb miupuibnipjnihbhp: Uuipqp uuihqbhg qhpquipqnguib inhjubnp'’.qjiuibbp, mnppuiiJnpnLifbhp, npnbp pjimjjib ijinjuhgjib ifuipqni. Ipuibpb ni_ uiiqpbpnljhpiqq, pm]g qpuib qniquihhn, qjnnnipjuib bnp tnjui^nulbbpp Jiphbg hbin phpbgjib b qhn Ijphphb ituipqlpii.pjuib b pbnipjmb huibqhiq bnp uupnnhuqjipbhp: Opbgop Ji hmjm bb quqjiu unjhiji bnp ni hpbpunjnp, uihuuibhiJi b uibmhimibbpji qhbphp, npnbg qbit qchjuip t iquqpuiphp
lipqbb hpljuip dimtuibuilp libb hui2nqm.p]untp 1tmpqlpn1.p3n1.bb oqimjnut t ilJigni-ljuijJib tbbpqjiuqji umiugitmb uihjubnpiqjiinbhpjig, qpmbg qm.quihhn qmpqmbni.il t pjntjiuilpnb b Ipbbumpmbmlpmb uipq]ni.buiphpni_p]nibq: Puqg 2ШШ Plhpb bb qjimmljgniit, npilj^nilpiqjib, pjnijimlpmb b Ipbbumpmbmlpmb uipq)ni.buiphpm.pjuib qnpbpbpmgbbpb JipbbgJig Jipuilpnb iqnmhbgjiuip ijmuibq bb bhplpnjuigbnut:
Uitbb op ifbbp bbpmplpjnut bbp ifpbnpipinuqjib <£uminqui]piluib (pnquiplpluib) b bimpphp ijmuihquiijnp Juuinbm.pqbhpJi uiqqbgm.p]uibp: Uuipqni. opquibjiqifp, gunjnp, upnpimquibijuib inhjubnpiqjiuilpnb hhqunjmjumpjuih hhmbuibpbhpjig шпшршдшЬ ijhuiuuilpnp mqqbgnipjnLbbbpJig: Sunjnp, pjimpdhp hhmpunjnp puqg mbhpmdhpm t [liimbmp biluib uiqqhgnipjni-bbhpji iqmm^mnbhpp b hbuipuitjnp hbmbmbpbbpp, npiqhuqji Ipnpnquibuq hmlpmqqbp ilbp Iqinbpnul qbuqmj un£nq uihjubuibjib uiqhinbhpjib b qpmbgjig pjunq ijuimbquiijnp hpbm_jpbhpjib:
Uniqb A.hnbmplpp biqmmmlp ni_bji nuinuibmujipnqjib bmbnpmgbbp mpq]i qinbqijiiibuqjib n^lqmgbmb b Jungituib iljigngbbpjib, npnbp lihbuiqnijh ijmuibq bb bhpl]ui]uigbnul huntuqb ifuipqlpii.pjuib hmifmp b pum }iu, nppmb hiuuuipuilpiLpjnLbh Jipmqblp pjibji, mbhmmji b quibqijuibbhpji qbit Ipjipumijnq mju qbbphpji qnjmpjuihp, uqbpuib <!fji2in m qpmqbm Ijuqmq t iquqpuiphp uqq qbbphpji b qpmbg hmpnigmb mqbmbhpji qbit, b mpmq ni Jipm Ipiqittnqnqnjbp qpmbgjig buiquib mpmmlpnpq JipunJjuiuil) bhpnui:
3 u ih q i[u ib iiijlih n^h^uigifiuh qh h p bp
'Tluimhpuiqil]i dunluibuilj |puigmg}p uipmuilpiipq ]ipmi|]idml] Iguipnq b uinuiguibuq quubqi[ui<5uij]ib пф^шдгГшЬ qhbpbpji (9.ПЭ) oquimqnpbifmb hhmbuibpm}' шрфЬрЬ Jhb Junghj}im.pjuib qhbpbpji oipnmqnpbnufmJ:l5n]nipjnLh nibhgnq SflS-hpJi pijjib hb upnuilpnhnul.
• if »• pJnJJiuilpnb.,• Ijhhuuipuihuilpaih qhbphpp:
Puigji uijq, dunfuibuilpnliJig upumhpuiqiluilpiihqлpbnqnlp]nlbbhp}l, Jib iqhu ЬшЬ pmqmpuiljuib pbnijpji hiulimifmpinnipjnibbhpji dunluibuilj, hbuipunjnp b bnp mbuvuljji quibqijuibuijjih n^hjuigifuib b uiuipphp uiumjiduibji JunghjJinipjuib bibuibjuij qhbpbpji oqmuiqnpbnuip'
’ • дЬпф{кффифшЬ (bpljpii^JiqJiljiiiljuih), t • ^uinuiquijpuijJih (pnijuji duinuiquqp),*, • nuirjJmjnqJiuiljuih,н • nuiijJinhuiiuiJutubuijJih,t, • }1ЬфршЬш]ЬшфЬ,C • qhbhmJiljmljmb,\* фЬфпрЬшдфпЬ (inhijhljuimiJuiljuih),V» IjJihbuiJiljuiljuih b uqjb:
Ъпр mhuuiljji 9fl2-hpji b qhpdunluibuiljuiljJig naiqbuiljuib ifjigngbhpji ilpuibpfuih b umbqbifuih qnpbpbpuigji dhp bb bhpqpunjijnuf qhn uibhuipn ljuiil buijuljjihiiul )oqimnqnpbi]ui(3 qJnnuiUihJuhJiljuiljUlU U^oiljnufiitp Р uihJubJiljuiljuih ifjigngbbp: ЭПЭ-hpJi bqhpdunluibuiljuiljJig nuiqiluiljuib iljigngbbp umhqbnqbhpp qhbpji JungbjJmipjUib iluiupuiuipbhpji ifhbuigifuib JubqJip jhb qbnuf Jiphbg uir^b, Jib^p iqaihmbpijnui bp 20-pq qrnpji ишпр xqmmhpmqbji ijuipiluib muipjibbpjib, uijj (iqumul bb uuihqbhj huilguinuilgnpqji uibuupnuh|]i Jungifuib bnp iljigngbhp:
UppnLlfiujpb qbhpbp
UuimluijpU nnuTpp u[uijpjni.U[i Ъик}ишш1|}тиГ (1945р.)
UJigm-^uijJib qhbpp ЬфЬЬ^шЬ^идЬшЬшфгрфиЬ) b mpuibji minml|i bbppjib bhhpqjiuqji oquiuiqnpbnuluib ijpui, npb uthgunmjnul b pqpuquilpnb nhuiljgjiuijji dmbmbmlj(pbpmgpnui) buibp lljigniljhbpji uipnhnulmj' Ipxnf gbpdunljipnilpujjib nhuiljgjiuqji hhuiUuibpniJ:
fcpbbpiij uqu huibqunluibpjig m ш pp h p ш lp|n ul hb ifJigmljuijJib qhbpji hhuih]uij muipunnbuuiljhhpp.
• unnniluqjib nnufp - hjulbijuib b 2ГЬРШ]ШФД 1 nhuiljgJiui]Ji ijpui, npji dunluibuilj uijinhijnuf hb nLpuihJi(U) ljuul ujjnunnhJmLiIJi(Pu) Jiqnuinujbbpp: ^pjnnjilpulpiib quibqijuibp qnjuibnul b umjnpuiljuib ujuqphgifuib huipiluipuibpji iljipngmj ifblpn_uuigi|uib iluiubjilgbhpji JiqninnujbpJi ifjiuignuijig: flbpuihji IjpJiuiJilpulguib quibqijuibp Ijuiqiinul b 24lqq: Ujq qhujpnul nnuipji bijuiquiqnijb ^unjihpp ljuipnq hb jJibhj 501qq-Jig ujuiljuiu: 'hjnunnbJmuIJi hunluip ЬрфифЬрдЬрпЬ quibqijuibp 81qq b, npp 18,7q/ui[3 Juuini_p]uib qhujpnul Ipnqilnul b dnuiunjnpuiujhu pbbjiuji qhquibjji bunjuqjib Ьшфишр bunjuiq
2puibbuqjib nnulp - qnpbm.il t ujibphqji nhuilpgjiuqji 2hnphjii[, hpp phpb if j^ndpbhpq ijhpunjinjuijnul bb unjhpji buibpbpji, npjihhmbuibpnij uibguiimjnul t tbhpqjiui: flhuilpgfiuihulpuijbpni(mhqji nibhhuqnt.) hunluip mbhpuicH^m t lOilpb. uiiunjidiu ti pum Shpujmiuji, npp umjnpuipuip umuigijnul b uimmfuqjib nnulpji upuijpiluib uipqjnibpnul, bhpmpmhuqjih qhbp - huibqjiuuihnul t ifj^nilpuqjib qjibunlphppji miupunnhuuilq' ifmpp hqnpnipjuib2tpiim iiJi2rii.ljm]]ili pbgpuiijnpdunlp: Ummjhpuiqnijhbhjmpnbuqjih duimnquqpibub hmubnui b bhppuujnubgnq Aunuiqui j pil uib umbqbiiuib ijpui Uhb bbtpqjiuijji buijuuji 2bnph]ii[(bnumii[npmu|tu 5-10 uibqunl)? ’
£Jn []iu iliu ih q b b p b p
'Tluimilni.ppnibq gnipg b inmjjiu, np pnpnp upuimhpiuqilhbpji duuluibuilp bp hqbp bb umuibAjib qhuppbp, hpp nuiqifuilpuib bupuimuilpbhpmj oqmuiqnpbijhp bb pnibunjnp ■ bpniphp: Uuilpuqbpbbjmilju'b qhbpji quibqijmbuqjib oqmuiqnpbnulb jipuilpuibuigijbp b Unmgjib ЬшЬил^фшрЬшфЬ upimnhpiuqilji muipjibhpjib (1914-18pp.): 1915p.-ji uiuppjqji 22-]ib, qhpifuibuilpuib qnppbpp bupp qbmji (Chpqjiui) nuiqilui/luilpuimji muipuibpnul фрщЬи]аш1ршЬ qnpphpji qfal oqmmqnpbhp
bb ppnpp, npji hhuibuibpmj mjuumihmpi|hp bjib 10 000 ifuipq, npjig 5000-p ilmhuighp bb bnipb opp: Cbqhuibnip uimfuitlp, uipq upuimhpuiqifji рЬршдртл! pnibunjnp bjniphpjig tujumuilHupijuibhhpji buupuibijuibbbpji p]ii|p Ipuiqilbp b un|bp]a ршЬ l,3iipb. ifuipq:
Zhmuiquijnui, ^buijuib 1925р.-ji Inubjiuji 17-ja cfbbji upuijUuibuiqpji, npb uipqbpnui bp upuimhpuiqifbhpji chmfuibuilp jubqqnq, pnibunjnp b ni.pji2 bifuibuimfmp quiqhpji b iTuibpbmpuibuilpmb ujnpngbhpji oqmuiqnpbnuip, ilulp uibqunl jt> np qjxmijbp bb pjuljiuilpuib qbbpji oqmuiqnpbiluib qhuppbp - (bmuipjiuib 1935p.-jib bpnijupbjiuijji hhin upuimhpuiqilnul, &uiupnbjiuib CJibuimmubji qhd upuimhpuiqilji dunfuibuilp 1937-43pp., ШГЬ-b 1951-52pp. ЧпрЬшрпи! b ЧфЬтЬипф qbif upuimhpuiqifhbpji dunfuibuilp):
CJnffiuilpuib qbbpbpji huufuip hjnfpb bb huibqjiuuibnuf pnibunjnp uqb bpnipbpp, npnbp uijumuihuipnuf, ijbuiunul bb huipqlpuibg b Iphbquibjibhpjib, ijuipuilpnuT oqp, pbuihnqp, ppb uiqppnipbhpp, 2hbphpb m. 2l1hnip]nLbbhpq) mpuihuupnpmuipjib djipngbhpp, upuiphbuqjib ilphppbhpp b uibuiubuilphpp: Jfhnbunjnp bjnLphpp huibqhu bb quipjauqnpnpqni, uibpnqnpji b Ipuipjipbhpji rnbupmj, ui] imuihuipnul, ijbuiunuf bb ifuipqni opquibjiqifp' pblpbhpnij tfu^lpji Ф1111 a uiyihpji bhg, ijbuiunuf' 2bpunuilpuib opquibbhpp b uiqhmmmfnpuuijjib hunluilpupqp:
/Cum iluip in ui ijuqiuilpmh b2uibuilpm.pjuih pnibuujnp bjniphpp pjibm.il bb ifmhuigm hhmbuibpbhpnij, qpqnnq b huilpuimnlpnpqji Iphbqmbji nidp dunimbuilpunjnpuiuphu 2mppjig huibnqq
Cum opqmbjiqilji ijpm pnquib mqqbgmpjuib pnibunjnp bpnipbpp puiduibijniif bb hbmbpmp juiiphpji'
• bpmpqmlpmpijmbmpjib uiqqhgnippmb (VX (ijji-jigu)' qmpjib, qmluib),
• pbqhmbnxp pnxbmijnp uiqqhgnvppuib (Ipmiqmmppni., ppnpgjimb),• hbqAnLgji^ uiqqhgnrppuib (фnuqhb) q[lфnuqhb)>• ilm2lpuipmpm]um]Jib, p2mjilpm]Jib mqqbgni-pjmb (Jiuppjim,
pjntjiqjim),• qpiqnjp mqqhgm_p]mb (Uji-bu) bjniphp, (ррпршдЬтпфЬЬпЬ,
uiqmilujim b mppb),• hnqhpjufjimlpmb uiqqbgnLpjuib (Pji-Sbp) bjnxphp:
ITuipuiuilpnb pjnljiuilpnb pmdiunjnp bjmphpji pvjjili (L№f<Hj) hti uqiumlpnbnul ЬшЬ uinpujibbhpp' (pnpnLjJibvujJib innpujib - X, umm^JqnlpiljuqJib tbmhpmnnpujib - P, njigjib b uijqb) b IJiJunnmnpuJibuimbhpp, npnbp buiJuuimhuLjuib bb шшррЬр mhuuilqfi pmjuhpji b ilpmlpupm-juhpji uijmnuihuipiluib huiihnp («ЬшрЬршдпрЬ», <<uu}Junuilj>>, <<hpljliш qni] b > > pmrpuqpuiqpmpjuib b uipb):*)
Uuipmuilpiib pjnljiuilpnb pnLbunJnp bjnLphpJi hjulbuilpnb <<Ьшршп1Ьш1]>> i|ji< uil|bhpb hb.
• qnpnp2ji (bjnipji linphlpnguip iJJiduilj),• buunjuibp pnjnq (bm_pp qjiuvqhpuijuib) uitpnqnqbhp
(tiuiubjiljbhpji pnjihpp bhb 30ill[il),• buunjuibpuijjib (Igniqjiin qjiuiqhpmjuib) uitpnqnjbhp
(duiubjiljbbpji pnjihpp 30-500iIl|b),• IpnpJquijJib (duiubjiljbhpji pinjihpp 500tXlqiI-Jig unjtqji):
UpqjnLbuiphpuilpuh puirn opjhlpnbbpnul Jipuiljuibuigijnni t mdhq bhpqnpbnq pnibuujnp bjniphpji (ИЬ'ЫЭ-'Ъ) uipqjnLbuiphpnuf, oqmuiqnpbnul, iqLuhhuinmiJnpnui b upuhupubm.il, Jibpqhu ЬшЬ inpuibuupipinuijjih ilj^ngbhpmj mhqmijmjunui: PJnfJimljmb mqhmbhpji L]unf lupmuiqpuilpub Ljpmpbhpji dunluibuilj hbuipunjnp t flb'bhb'lj-hpji uipmuibhinnul, npp Jip hhm Ipupnq h pbptq duipqlpnbg quibqijuibuijjib mjuuimhmpilmb:
flKblb-'b-hpp ntbhb pbqhmbmp pmbmijnpnq b juhqqnq uiqqhgnippiLb: llijh|ji hui^uiju huibqjnqnuf hb pnibunjnpifuib uijbiqjiuji bpuibbhp, JibpqJiuJip hb' qjjuuigunjp, qj]uuiiquim.]uip, hbngp, upuijuumbngp, ijiujunulp, uibnq pmpn.p]m.bp b uipb: llnuujtqтшршЬфиЬ fl.b'bJd-'b-hpJig hb' ppipp, uiiinbjiuilpi, bbifpuigpuibjibp, фтпршррш^фЬр, bbilpuijjib qmqp, mqnuiji opujiqbhpp: ПЬ'ЫЭ''Ъ-hpJig hjulbuilpubnuf ujuipuiupubijnuf hb mpqjnibmphpuilpub, Jibpqhu bmb ilhlpnuji^ huilpuquiqhpnij:
ЧЬЬиш рш кш ^ш Ь (pfm inq/iiu l/w h) qhhphp
Ujb iljimpp, np IjuiphpJi h oqmuiqnpbbp hjnjuibquiphp iljilpmopquibjiqilbhp huilpunuilpipqji lghbquibji nidji uijuuiuihuipduib
8
hmifmp, phpuiqphp h hhbg Jibpp' Ipuibpp: Unuigjibbhpjig QJibqJiq-luuibb tp, np oqinuiqnpbhp t uiju qhbpp: bhmji^ uuippbpji (IjuiuiuiupiLpjibhpJi) oqhmpjunlp 2Р2шфш1рфи& pmquipbhpji upupjiuvqbbpjig bhpu bbuihguj duibmuijuinjig b uqp ijmiubqunjnp ijuipuiljji^ hjiijuihqnipjmbbbp Jig iluihuiguibbhpji qjihpp:
4bUmupuiUiuliuiU qhUpfi iTJiguiqquijfiU JunphpquiUf^D
Чшрш1ф hJnJmbqnLpjmbbhpp Upmmiqhu Juphp hb puiqiluipjuj ifuipqlpubg Ipuibphp, Jiulj ЬииЬи^щрифЬЬрр, npnbp qniquiljgijbp hb upuuihpuiqifbhpji hhm, phphp hb ilhb Ipipmuuibhp n iljiuijb Juunpuq pbuiljpiLpjmb 2P2mhnuI, uijp bmb puibuilpuf, hpphilb bnLjbJiulj 2P2milUJP^llljhh hui bqjiumbuqnij, npp hmbqbgphq t nuiqiluilpub qnphnqnLpjnibbhpJi uiblpubjuuimhubjji hhmhijuibphhpji'IpiibJunpnpbqmJ qjibijnpml|mb ifJimiJnpnLiIbhpIi bqunnmlgbhpji uipqjnLbpbhpp: Ujuujhu op Jibuti}'. 1741p-Jib 27 huiquip uibqpjiuilpub qjibijnpbhpjig, npnbp ifuiubuiljgnul tjib UhpuJilpujnui b 'ПЬртри! qunjpnrptiljuib qnpbnrpiipjnLbbhpJib, 20 hmqmpp iluihuighq hb qhqjib mhbqjig: bul] 1733-Jig 1865p-p bijpnupujnui mhqji nibhgmbtqmmhpmqifbhpji pbpvugpnuf ЬшЬшдшй 8 ilpb. iluipqlpnbgjig 6,5 ilpb.-p ifuihuighp hb n ph iluipuiji quipinnul, uqp ijiupuiljji^ hJuJmbrpiLpjnLbbhpJig: biJphLqmjnuf 1918-19pp. qpjnqji ЬшЬшЛириЬфд uijuuiuihuipijhp hb 500 ifpb. iluipq, npjig ifuihuighp hb 20 ilpb. ifuipq, mjujibpb ptjmj 2 mbqmb mijhjji ЬшЬшдшЬЬЬр, ршЬ unfpnqp mnmgjib hmdmpjumphmjjib npumhpuiqilji pbpmgpnib:
14hbumpmbm^mb(pJinpnq}imljmb) qhbphp hb Ijn^nul uqb qhbphpp, npnbg JunghjJmipjmb qnphnbp iquqduibunjnpijuib h mjb bmbphbhpji(pml|mhpjimbhpji) oqmiuqnpbnuinLj, npnbp huibqjiuuibnul
hb iluipqlpnbg, l[bbquibfibhpfi b pniguhpfi фцршЩг hjuluikqnipjni-bbhpfi huipnujji^hhp:
ЧиффлЬ ЬшЬрЬЬ(рш1|шЬр]1Ш]|\) ijmbpmljmpggmjJib рифЬрфд b ЬршЬд 1]Ь1шшршЬш1]шЬ huimlpnbjipbbpfig, bpuibp ршсЬшЬфш! bb.
• buibptbhpji (puilpnhpjiuibhp) (рпшифшЬ buiqnul ni_bhgnq iljmippjip tfjiljpnopqmbjiqbbhp),
• гфрпшЬЬрф (ifmbpmqnLjb lluibptbuqfib bjilpinopqmbjiqbbhp, bhpp2 2 ul]hb vquipuiqfunbhp),
• n]il[l[hinu}imbhpji (b]ilqmopquibJiqiIbhp, bjipmblpuip inhq hb дригфш! pml^inhpjimbhpji b гфрпшЬЬрф bjipb),
• ubljhpfi (рпшшфдЬ hmqnul mbhgnq гфщр2]}2 Ipud pmqilmp2ji2 dfilipnopquibfiqilbhp): J
Cum Jiphbg iliubpbupuibuilpub u.inuibdbmhuiml]nLp]ntbbhpJi iimbptbhp]i ifji dump huipni_gnuf hb hj^uibqni_p]m.bbbp il]iui]b iluipqlpnbg ifnin (Junphpui, прпфлфшфЬ ифф, pbuujnp ифф, pbuilpub Ьшфф b uiqb), mpjipbbpp' iffimjb IjhbquibJibhpli ifnin (Ьпрфрифпр uibuiuni_bbbpji duibinuijum, JunqhpJi Junphpm), hppnpqp' ibupqlpubg b Iqhbqmbjibhpji bnin (ppraghpnq, ufipjipjmb Jung), pippnpqp' djiuijb гХрифшршдиЬрф bnin (quipnt, gnphbfi gnqndibhpji duibqnmnuT):
Puigji ЬшЬрЬифЬ bjipngbhpjig b umpujibbhpjig, npiqhu Iqhbuuipuibuilpub Jungilmb гф2пд Ipupnq hb oquimqnphi^hp ЬшЬ J J i 2minbhpp (Ipipipuiipiilpiih pqhqp, г!прЬ{ир(саранча), qhuuhbuiljuib <luibdp b uijqb), npnbp lguipnq hb phphp ifhb b]ni_puilpiib фшшЬЬр huilpiinuil[npq rqhinnipjiubp, ilhh inuipuibnLpjrabbhpJi ijpm n^b^uigbhpnil pnmui1pubmp]m.bp b phppp:
Лшррд uig - 1|п^пршрш1}шЬ pqhq, ifnphfu, qhuubliuilpiiU ЛшЬЙ:
10
Одтш дпрЦпр Ijhbuuipuibuilpuh qhbgji mpqjm.bua[huinipjui_lqiфифпфпЬ t hp u i oquiuiqnpbiXm h hquiUuilppg: 9-njni_p]nLU nLhhh hhm hjU ll bquihuiljbhpq.
• mtpnqnpmjjib - pbuihnrjib limn oquqjib 2^Р1пЬр11 ЬфЬишршЬифшЬ puiquiqpni_p]uib фпршфЬ фирифпи!, фпрфилдЬпр iquijpni_g]ili ишрршфхрпиШЬрф 1ф2п9пФ
• фпфйппрпргррцфЬ - uiphhumuilpubnphb фириффиЬ mp]ni_bmbni_h фпфшррфф iljipngnij, npnbp 1фЬрп. iiji2n9n4 фпфппЬдпи! hb h|n|uibqni.p]uib hmpnLgJij-bhpp,
• qjnjhpujinb - qjnjhpufmb lijipngbhpnij umhi[mbmi}iml| uimpmimipjmh oq]i b ppl1 фирифпиф Ighbuuipuibuilpnb тфрпдЬЬрпф
Uuipqlpnbg uijumuihuipiluib hunluip штшфр huu|uibuil]uib Ijhbuuipuibuilpnb ilfigngbhplig hb huibqjiuuibnui ЬшЬтшфшф, ubFbPlm,J lungh, JunphpmjJi, рЬшфгр иффф, pbuilpub Ьшрфф, qhqjib inhbqji b mjpbji hmpni_gji^bhpp: ?
Uppniljmjpb, ppilpuiljuih h Ijhhuuipuihuilpuh qbhpbpp итЪцЫшЬ h oquiiuqnpinluih hpifbiulpub тшрЪр^Ьрр:
tmuiujbhpp hpljjipp muiphpjnjp
fljnljiuilpnh qhbpji (ppnpji) umu^jib iluipinuiljuib oqmuiqnpbnulp
P-hpiIuibjiui 22.04.1915
3>nuqhbji b fuqpfimji tluipmmljuib oqwuiqnpbnufp
Qrhpilmbjim 1915-1917
UpJiuulibJijnuI pjuljimljmb qhbpji oqmuiqnpbnul
bmuqjiui 1936
Suipjibji b Sniluibji umhqbnulp Prbpilmbjnu 1938, 1944
Qjibuiuinuibnul pjnljiuiljuih b Ijhbuuipuibuiljuib qhbpji oqmuiqnpbnufp
&unqnbjiui 1937-1943
4nphuijnuf pjnf jiuiljuib b Ijhbumpmbmljmb qhbpji oqmuiqnpbnutp
UU"b 1950-1953
OP Р Ь -tp u b Р Ь -Shq -J i uuihqbnulp UlTb 50-mljmb pp.
РпшифшЬш.р]шЬ ijhpuigiluih pjnljiuiljuih iljipngbbpji oqmuiqnpbnulp 4jihmbunlnul
Ш ГЪ 1961-1970
Ujignilpujjib uuipunjnpiluih шпш^фО фпр<кЬщ1рпЬ ujmjpjnibp
ш гь 16.07.1945
2,hpmijnlui U 'bmqmumljji puiquiphhpji iljipnUjuqjib mlpmljnbnufp
Ш ГЬ 06 b09.08.1945
UU2,U-nul umu^jib iljigmljm jjib nnulpji фпрД.шр!|пи1р
UU2.U 29.06.1949
ShpiTunfjignilluijjih uuippunjnpifuih фпр<кшр1риф
ш гь 01.11.1952
Unmgjib ghpvlmifjigmljmjjib nnulpji фпр&шрЬпиГр
и щ и 12.08.1953
Sbpbmiljignilpmjjib nnulpji фпрЛ.шр1рш1р U U V n u I
ШГЪ 01.03.1954
Umugjib uimnifuijjih b 2ЬрЬш1ф2шФш]11 фпрДшрфплГЬЬрр
Uhqjjiui3>puihujiuiSfihuimnuihZbqljmuuimb
1952 1957 1960 1968 1964 1966 1974
■bhjmpnhuijjib jjigpji фпрЛлцрЬпи! Ш ГЬ3>puihujiui
19631980
Onp^UmliuiU tquijpjnili 2.1X2 - Pupuijhq 01.10.1979
Я -Ь п ф р ф Ц ш Ц ш Ь (Ъ р Ц р ш ц р Ц ш Ц ш к ) qtikpkp
4-hnIj>}iq|il|uiliuili (hpljpuiijjiqjiljuilpuU) qhbphpji Ijjipujniluiti opjibuil|libp
ч—Г^bnф|iqJil[шl]шU (hplgpu^jiqjilpiilpub) qhbpfcpp^piqb muipuibnuf
ni.bhb uutpnqg uipjuuipnul: 20-pq quipnul qjimuiuihjubjilpiLlpnbpnjijpuijjib quipquigihnbp qnupnhhn, umhqbt|hg]ih nuiqiluilpnb b punpnpuilpiib bujuiuuulpiijjib bgmbmlgmpjmb bnp tfjigngbhp, (npnbp
Glnijuunnbuijuib bb 2Р2шкш djipui^mjpjL фрщ uilpnjnj uiqrjhgnpjuib ЬшОшрф
Umbqbbpm| Ърфф фрпифЬрпрпи! (pmpnjnpumul), hji qp пиф h p uij nul (ppnpnpmniii), рфпифЬрш]шл1 (Ijhbunpn prnnul),шип1пифЬрш]пи1 (dphnpipmnul) ш. qhnuijihqhppnul(hplqpuimjihqbppnul) mhqji nibhgnq ффдф^ш^шЬ huimljriLpjntbbbpJi b ujpnghubbpji uiphhumuilpiih фпфп]ип1р]тЬЬЬр, q h n ф ji q ji lg uilj ш bqbbpbpp pni.jp bb muipjiu oquiuiqnpbbp pbuilpnb bpbm.jpbbpji Ipipbuibji^ ni-dp:
Pbmlpmb mmppbp bpbnLjpbbpJi ТрпрЬшЬшршр b iqшшшl] bbp ni| ouiuiqnpbnulp ирш]ЬшЬшфпрфшЬ b ЬршЬд ilbb bb bp quiljpni_pjuntp: Pul] bpuibg фрш uiqqhjni. lijignglihpp punjuilpubjib uiuippbp bb: Opjibuilp
• ubjuiIJilp uilpnjnj qmnjibbpnul uiphhuuiuiljuih bplipuipmpdhpji, hqnp ЬшЬфршдшфЬ uipjipbhpji (дшЛшиГф), фпрпрф1рЬЬр]г,
qbnbuijjib ijqniqnulbbpji, bhudqniuhpji, unqiubphhpji, ubpmjhhpfi h шрЬф ul}qpbiui|npnu[,
• bpuipmji, bplpupuimli uihAphhhpJi, Ipnplpmnji, iTuinui}unir|Ji, qbmbpnul IjnunuilpiulhhpJi, h]iiqpnlpnnnLjghhpfi фршрГшЬ uinu^uignuh'
ЛПрп2 bplppbbpni.il niunuXbmuJipijnui bb ilhpnqbbp, npnbp
hhuipun[npnip]nih Ipniub uiqqbpni JinbuijJih рЬриф i|pui, tluiqbjiuuilpnb ijmpnp]iljbbp b pbhniujjib iJmijpnmmljnuibbp umuigmgbbqnL huulrnp, npnbp pun|uilpub]ab ifhb muipuibnipjnihhhpfi i]pui pbpnui bb nuiqjmlpinqji JuunJiuibilmh b - ninqjinpnljingjmb q]nnuiplpiulhhp}i qchjuiphgiluih:
Pbuilpnb bphnijphhpji ijpui mqqhpii hiniiinp Ipnpnq bb oqumiqnpbijbp ш]Ьи]}иф iljipngbbp, }ib^iq]iu}ip bb pjnljimljuib bjnipbpp, bphljmpmimqhJiiimlpjuh duinuiquqpiluih hqnp qhbbpunnnpbbpp, pbpituijjib qbbbpuiinnpbbpp b nijjb: Umlpiqb pbuibgiih bpbni]pbbpji i[pm inqqbpn. umuu|bq mprynihunjhm ifjigng b hunluipijnul ilJipniljmjJib qbbpp: j
^b^fiq jilpnlpnh (Ьр1]ршф|1дф1]ш1|шЬ) qbbpji JungbpJmipjuib qnpbnb t huibqjiuuibnui inbqji nibbguib ijuiuibqunjnp pbmlpnb bphnijpbbpji mqhinuqji hhmbmbpbbpp:
^ IJip m ^ b p iu jJih qb h p b p
Z[ibbi[uib t bpljpji lpbqbfi 2tpm]i (ифЬрш]ф)' ]фрпифЬрш]]1, tbbpqjimjji oqmuiqnpbnulmj, npb Jip dbg pbqqpljnui b bpljpuiljbqbp b iluihpjiuijji ijbpjib 2bpmp: lungbpji qnpbnbbbpp hmbqhu bb qiupjiu uijbiqjiuji iuqhmui|]i bphmqpbhpji inbupmj, Jib^iqJiuJip bb' bplipuipmpdbpp, hpuipjuuqjih duqppnulbbpp b bpljpmpuibiulpub qnjmgnulbbpji inbquipuipdhpjnj ll ju qbbpji bbbpqjiuqji mb2minilmb uiqppip bb hmbqliumbnul mbl]innbuil[uih • uiljmjnj qninjibbpji pupijuibnipjnihbbpp: tp lp iji npn2 ubjmlnuilpnJiiJ qnuijibhpnulhunlbifunnuipuip ijmpp hqnp nip] mb ijhpqbmbiui b umnpqbmbjm ilJ^nilpnjJib iquqpjnibbbpji ifjipngmj Ipnpbpji b nmuipuigbbp
bplipuipuipdbp, npnbp Ipupnq bb Jiphhg hhm phptq UiqlumujJv hbmbmbpbbp:
tZ]iijpnu.ptnm jJiU qbh p bp
^фррпифЬрифЬ qbbpbpb uijb qhbpbpb bb, npnbg Jungduib mqqbgnipjnibp upujiluihunjnpijuib b nuiqifuilpub biqunmnl]bbpnij hjiqpnu^bpuijji bbbpqjiuijji oqmmqnpbbmiip: 2,фррпифЬршЬ bpl]pmqbq]i 2pmjJib pmqmbpb b, npp inbquiqpijuib b dpbnpipmji (unmfm^bpuijji) ni pmpnpnpmji (]]1рпифЬрш]Ь) h Jipbbjig bbplpnjuigknul bcnjl[jiuihnuhbpji, bnijhpji b ijhpqhmbjui 2РшшшРш^рЬЪр}1 hmifmjuifpnipjnibp, mdpnipmLpinibpj
(Zjiqpm^bpuijji bbhpqpuqji oqmuiqnpbniilp nuiqiiuilpnb bu]mmuil]bbpni[ hbuipunjnp b h}iqpnnbunipubbp}i (oijljjiuibnuhhp, bnijbp, qbmhp, pdbp) b hjiqpnlpunnijghbpji ijpui n djiuqb iIJi2niliui]Jib upnjpjnibji mqqilmb itjipngnij, Ш]1 bmli dbb qjigp l]pnq uni[npml]mb vquijpnigjil] uuippunjnpiiuib ifjipngmj: .фррпифЬршдфЬ qbbpbph ]nngifmb uiqqhgnipjuih mpqjnibpb uijbiqjiuji hpbnijpbbpb bb, JibpqJiuJip bb hqnp uqjipbbpp(gnibunlji) b ppmbmbb nulbbpp
P fm u fih p u ijJih qbh p bp
[‘bmjuuimbuijuife bb Iqbbunpnpumui nuiqilmljmb biqmmml]bbpni[ blinqnqjiuilpnb mqbmm|]i ijimjinjunipjnib umu^uigbbpii hunluip:) ЧЬЬипрпртр bbpqpimjnui b ilpbnpnpmji ilji ilmup, 2РП1ПРШР b puipnpnpmji ijbpjib pbpuip. npnbp ijmjuljuiiquiljgijmb bb pmpq l]bbumpjiif[uul]mb b]nipmijm]nmbmlim]lib mmpm2mpdnip]mb bmmiqbhpni] b bbbpqJimjni^qLbplquqnuiu qnjnipjnib nibbb p}nljiml|mb b l]hbишpш bmIpub iiji2ngbbp, npnbg oqmmqnpbnufp pbpniil b bbb mmpmbnipjnibbhpji ijpm pniuml[mbnip]mb, hnqji pbppji pbpmji, mbmmnbbpji, ubbqmbpbpp]i iqmhniumbbp|i ррфиф n^hpugiluih:
Pbmhnqji mphbuinuiljmb bpnq]im}i (nqnqmilm2nul) mnm2mgnuip, pniumljmbnipjmb ilmhmgnulp, qmbmqmb pjnf}iml|mb ifp2ngbbpji, i|mnpm]Jib qbbpbpji oqmmqnpbnulp mbijbpmqmpA. i|bmu bb hmugbnuf pniuuiljmb b l]bbqmbuil]uib mpjumphjib, npp Ijmpnq b pbpbp mqbmm]]i
15
lihmbuibpbbp Ighbunpipumul, hbinhuipuip tfuipqljmbg quibqijuibuijjib xi^bpngiluib:
ITphninpm uijfih qb h p b p
j bplipu^jiqjilpnliuib qhbpbpji oqinuiqnpbiluib umunjhq lihmuiqnmijuifr li quipquiguib npiprn b> npji nuiqiluilpnb biquimuilpnjjib Jungiluib uiqi}hgm.p]nibbbpp huibqjiuuibnul bb muipphp pbmjpji гГрЬпрпртлшфЬ hphnLjpbhpJi b qpuibg]ig ljuijuijmb bquibuiljuijJib ni Ipjnlaijmlpub apnjifuibbhpji шпшршдпиГр, npjig Ipnpirq t Ipnjmjuib qfibbq
ifjiuijb npbt muipuibpji, iqbumipjmb «Suilpnmuiqjipp , uip bmb miipnqp xliqnpmljlibp: lljuop huiuinuiunjuib t, np 2ШШ uilpnjuj nbmqbbmbbp (uiqquibjnipbbp), opjibuilp jmpnjJib uipbuipp, Ijnpui uihjuuippnib b nqijip tijnipbp, gphpnj unfiqhpnul, mhuilj bb ifhb imupuibmpjnibbbpji ijpui ujnupuightq hnpipnmum uibApbbbp: bul] iqpnupnb, uibjimippni,jnquqjib Ipuiqmp nbmqbbmbbpp unquihmjnui bb dumuiJunLqbbpJi gpnul: lJ.]u bpipbpji uiuipuibnulp ifpbnpipumul jipuilpub aigijnul t qtiiibpunnnpbbpji b nuiqiluilpnb uuippunjnpnulbbpji bjigngmj, npnbp uihquilpnjijnul bb guiiluipnul, JibphuipJmbbpJi b hppjmbbpji ijpui :P
ирЬгцпригиурЬ qthpji oqimuqnpbifuiU oppUuil]
Uqbiqjiuji uiui ji иЛш 2P2 ш b b bp n uf, nprnfcq oqji JuntiunJnLpjuih шишф^шЬр ршр^р b, ijbpp bpijuib ifJi2n9^^Pnll Ipupbjji t umuiguigbhL hnprpimuiui luhpplibhp b qpuibmj фгф ijimjmfubq 2pui]]ab. nhdjnfp (qnjuilpnpqp) qhuihpnul, pihpnul, liuihj.bbhpniil, ЬршЬифшф pnqimj ljtuinpinpuighbq diubuuqriphht nji b. iibquibpj 'иЬдшЬЬфтр nbp, JnPq guibpuuqjip 2P 2m b b b p n u I шпш£шдЬЬ[ 2P m b m b ljn u ib h p : Ujnui IpirpIJig, hph шш ui hmjijji uiphbuinuilpub uibipiulhbp Junbuujnipjuib ilbb qj^jigjnnmj тшршЬшррршЬЬЬрф ifuurmijgbbpnul, l|mph]|i b huiuhhq ш]Ь puibjih, np ifpbnpipmjig JuqbpnJ Junbun]ni_pjuib punjuilpnbfib ifbb ршЬш1дт.р]т.Ь, npnjuiljji muipuibpbbpnuf Ipnpbqji b uinai2 pbpbp Ьрш2ш:
Г
O qnhuijfth qbh p bp
/Oqnbuqfib pbp^P upipunquibnul b bpljpji pn-uuilpnb b Ijbbqiu bmlpub u^Juuiphp Upbquilqji Ip^ui пртршЬшЬш 2uilpuqnL]h li uip uijihqbpuibjih ^mnmqmjpbbpJigflOqnbuijJib qbbpp hjnlbijuib b Upbqml^Ji uipA.uilpnb Ignpin nipmpmdmTmipuiljujqnijh ^uinuiquijpbbpji oqmuiqnpbiluib hjnlpji ijpui?} blpiuibuighnq oqnbuijjib 2^РШР тшршЬфш! b 10-Jig ifjib^h 50 Ipf puipApni_pjuih ijpiu, uirumjhpuqnqti IpibgbbinpuigJiuijniJ, 20-Jig 25 lpi-ni.il b ijbpb ni bhppb Ijinpinl] bijmqnufmj: bnpifuq upnjifuihbbpnul bpljpji liiulghpbnqp b huiubnul niqmpunIuibnL2uilpnqni]h duinuiquqpbhpji n qquqji piubu'l]nip]nib' X = 0,01- 0,2 iHjiI, npji hjnibuilgiub ifmup uibgbhqnij ifpbnpipinmj IjqmbiJnur b oqnbnij, ijbpaibijnui oq]i linqhljnLpbbpJi b фп2Ш hinmjil|bhp}i:
fOqnbinjJib qhbpji IjJipumnuip phpnui b huilpnnuilpipqji шшршЬрпи! oqnbuqjib p^P^J1 dimlmbuil|iuijnp puqpuijiluib:bpl^piuqbqji gmbljmguib u]pmbun|npijmb ijmjpnul oqnbuijjibupupuiiquibji^ 2^PulI1Ll uiphhummljui b < < uguun ni J:i ш b bhpji > >inmugiugnulp Ipupnq b pbpbp ilmpqlgmbg, Igbbquibuilpnb b pmumlguib iu2jumphji mjmnmhuipilmb, -фЬшшГшЬ Ji hui2jnj l n2in ni.pinpmiiinbni2uiljmqni]b b игр injihqhpmbjib ^mnmqmjpbbpji: Ujq iSinnmqmjpbhpp Ьш Ъш дт mqqbgnipjmb bb mbhlinui ifuipqm ЬшшндфшЬридфЬ pgguijjib uuquipuimji, dummbqiuIpubnipjшЬ фрш, шпшршдЬпи! bb lujpijiudpbhp, iiin2lqji b bhppjib opqmbbbpji
qhpmuiguignuf, Jibpqhu Utah bupuuinnul bb puiglqhquqjib hfa[uibi}m.pjni_bbbpji uimuguigduibpTl
OqnlimjJib qhUpJi IjJipuimfmli орфЬш!]
O qn h- ni_dhq opujipji^ b> uupnbnuT b iljiljpnopquibjiqilbbpjib, pni.buii|np t : T-pui puqpuqnufb uipuiquibnul b, hpp umljui hb ]]ibnul bji pmpp qtuquqjib fuiunbniqiqbhp, hfiilbuil[uibnuf ppnifji, ppipji, фшпр]1 b bpuibg ifjimgnipjnibbbpji, npnbp Iquipnq bb mbqmi}in|ut[bp oqnbuqjib рЬрш hppjinbbpji, JibpbuipJinbbpJi b mjp iffigngbbpji oqbnipjuiifp: j
UjuujJium| i[bp2jib uimpjibbpjib 2Р2Ш4Ш bjigunluijpji i|pui bpljpuil}>]iq}iljuiljuib uiqqbgmp]ni_bbbp}i npipinnul ЬршлшрфиЬ hbinuiqnmmp]ni.bbbp]i i|bppiL<5nup]nLbbbpq, i_[lqm]nul bb ш]Ь iluiufib, np 21-pq ipupuipppuibnui qbn^jiqjilpubuib qbbpja npnp mbuuiljbbpfi
umbqbiluih mbjubnpnq]iuilpiib Imp ul}qpmbpui]}ib ilnmhgnulhbpji huiijuibiul]uihrap]rahp uinun[bp ilbb b
& iunuiquijpui]lih qbbp bp
Ulpupp qbpgipub t gizmod.m/files fibinbpUhmmjJih Ijmjpfig
bmmpmgji Uljmp|q 2п ц }т ''lmpjigjiti (1571-1635pp.) uijuiqbu bp iquimljbpuigbnuf uinuigfib duinuiquijpuijJib oujinjilpiiljuih qbbpp, npp hnpjibhp bp Upgjulhqp dpui. Ill quipnul: bplpit huiquip mmpji puipnibmlj htuduiju huibqjiupiq tjh^hpp hntjb qpnq TlpnLmmppfinuJi IjnqbJig i|bpiuiqmmiluib pbqbbqji 2ntP2> tjbpguitqtu upnpquipuibt[nu[ b, np pnijup hbmpmi[np b ijhpuibhp qhbpji' шшррЬр tfbpnqhhpni]:
(Sumuiqui]pui]}ib qhbpbpp qpuibp uuippuii|npnulbbp]i' qhbbpuimnpbhpji huuluijuilpnipjntb (mifpnq2nLP]nl-b) b, npnbg JunghpfmLpjnibp ujш]ifшbшi[npi[mb b bbblpnpunfuiqbjiuuiljuib bbbpqjim]}i JuJiuin niqqnpqi|mb <imnmqui]pbhp|i hnupnij (puiqhpbhp, duinuiquijpuijJib uipuiquigntgji^bhp): j
Ifu jpu u iiljin h p u qbp h bp
Ltuqhp ршпр l}umntgi|uib b uibqpfiuilpub uipmtuhuqmnLpjuib mnmgjib inumbpnij “Light Amplifialtion by Stimulated Emission of
19
Radiation” : Thui Upuibuilqnul l hiiipljuiijpuiljuih tfumuiquijpifuihw pijjm lipnLifinijuji n idbqu ignu f, npp, ЬпгпшфршпрЬи, bljuipuiqpnui b pnqbpuqjib duinuiquijpnul ummhmpi vqpnghup: flptqhuqjibiuiulpnbuibp qm, Ьш}и hjipbbp, np ilbinuiipui bnqp mmguignul}ig -lijimjb pkpdmpjnLb t uihguiinnul, uipli uljqpjig IpnptIJip p q u t -Suimnqnul, hbuin' qbqjib, npp hbmuiquijnuf un|hj]i inuipuigbh[]iu rpunbnul t uvqjunuilp Тгш inbq]i t ntiibbnuf, npmjhhuih dbinuiqjib huiqnpqi|uib 2hp1fm.pjn1.bp ifhbuigbnuf b qpm ifn|hlpn.jbhp]i tbbpqjimb, npp huiubhjni[ npnpmljji limljuipquiljJi ulpmuf t Aunuiqmjpt]hp npujhu gbpduijjib U pnmmjjib bbhpqjiui:
Mobile Tactical High Energy Laser (MTHEL) (ШГЦ buptuhp- puqhpmjJiU plirpulmp дшЬр pn^nq hppfmUhpJi b nhuilpnjnj uipljbph npipugiluib hunluip
4bpp bptjiub opjihuilpiuf piLjup duinuiquijpijnul b FnLnP nrqqnipjnLbbbpmj b uqjipji hplpnpmpjuib pnjnp m}ipni.]pbbpnul: buiqhpm]]ib dbuimiquijptiuib qhujgnul ui|]ip]i Ьр1рдрпгр]ш.Ьр npnguiljji b: 'Tpuib huiubhjm. hmtiiup phpiintpjmb tfmjuuipbb lpunun|mpb]Ji Ijunf i}mi}in)uh]]i mjjipji bplpnpmpjunfp jmjuoqinuiqnpbbjb b:
LTuipmuilpnb juiqhpbbpp (puqhpmjjib qhbghpp-hS) oupnjilpnlpnb pbqqpljmjpJi (qjmnquiqnbji) bjhlpnpnifuiqb]imulpnb bbbpq}im]Ji hqnp
duinuiquqpjqbbp hh: buiqbpuqjib dumuiquqpji lijipngnij IpnpbjJi b huqbgbhp L|uul 2ШГЧ?!19 huibbp uuippuujnpn i ifli hpji qquqntb li Ipupbnpuiqntjb ifuiubpb, ntqqnjiqijuib duinuiquqpji tljipngnij, bjntpuibpnb opjblpnji Ijmii ifuipifbji pbpiluiuuijiduibq Ijmpd chudmbuilpmfjigngnuf IjpJimJilpiiljuih uiuuijiduibji humgbbqmj, bS-p hbuqnmJnpnLpjntb b rnuqjiu Jungbjji quip&bbp hiulpimuilpipqjib: TJuipqlpnbg tjpui 1,2-Ji uiqqhgntpjntbb uipumihuquujnul t mhunquilpub opquibbhpji ijbuiuijmbpbhpji b ihupljji ijpui phpifuqjib uijptjuibphhpji inhupnij: buiqbpuqjib imnmqmjpji uimub&buihuunljnLpjntbp l|m]mbnui b uibA.uqbntpjuib, ntqquiqjib inuipuibifuib, ршрЛр qJnqntljnLpjuib b uiljbpuippuqjib uiqqhgmpjuib tlb$>:j
Umljmjb npnp pbuilpub hpbntjpbhp Jib tqJiuJip bb tfuinuijuntqp, uibbpbp, <hjntbp b tjuipjib qquijji Jipbgbnuf hb bS-pJi ifuipmuiljuib uiqqbgntpjntbp: Ugq Jiialq tquimdummj uinunjhp uipqjntbiuijbm bpuqbpuqjib dmnuiquqpbhpb oquiuiqnpbbp hplgpuunjihqbpuilpub muipuibrapjm.bbbpnuf hiuljumuiljnpqJi puqjiumjilj hppjmbhpji b bpljpji mphbuinml|iub uippuibjuiljbbpJi n^bjuigiTuib hunfuip:
(’Z iuniuquijpiiijfiU u ipuiquigm gfi^ hbp (ifihpu ijfih ) q b b p b p
&uinuiquqpuqjib uipuiquigntgji^bbpp, ijibguijjib qbbpbpp huibqjiuuibnuf bb dumuiquqpuqjib qbbpbpji muqiuiinbuiulp UjutqJiuJi qbbpbpji hjitlbuilpub JungbjJmtpjuib qnpbnbp Ipujuibnul b jjigpuitjnpijuib Ipinl ^bqnp thmibjiljbhpji (bpbljmpnbbhp, iqpnmnbbhp, ppuibhji }hqnp uimnilbbp) ijibpjih JuJiurn ntqqnpqijuib ithb uqiuiqntpjntbbhpji huiqnpqnufp: bbbpqjiuqji hqnp hnupp uinuipuigbnui b ilhjuuibjilpnljuib huipijuibuqlib pbnbtjuibm.p]m.b, JibuibbuJitJ uiqqbgm.pjn.tb buinuipuigbnul b Ipupduqjipuqjib bpbpuipiuiimqbjiuuil[mb (nbbtnqbbjuib) duinuiquqpnul:
UjutqJiuJi qbbpbpji Jungduib opjblpnbbp ljuipnq bb hiubqjiuuibuq tfjimjb uijibqbpuiljuib hppjinbbpp Ipinl uuippunjnpnulbbpq, pbunjnp b
puijJiumJilj hppjinbbpp, mjj ЬшЬ шшррЬр gunlmpinjjib qbbpbpji uiuipminhuuiljbbpp: Obpuqjib qbbpbpp ljuipnq bb Jungbp prqnquuippunjnpnulbbpji JiptubJi puiqiubpp' uiqqbqitj puqjiumjil| hppjinbbpji b uijibqbpuilpub opjhljmbhpJt tphljinpuiljuib uuippuitjnpnulbbpji ijpui,
qpuibg puippjig rgn_pu huibbp h qpuibmj {nil} Jungbp imjjuip op]hl]uilihpp: "^uibJumuihm^nLtl t, np tqhlpnpnbbhpp hqnp tjibgji uipiuilpfuib iiji2n9nll Ышрщфгр 1; ]ipuil|uihuiglilq ujm jpnLgJilp qjibuiiiphppbhpji n^bjuignul, b tmL]b}iul| huipbgbbp ifjipnil^mjjib []igpni| ]]tgptm|npijuib qjibunlphppbhpji xnpmuipjib ifmuhpp:
tLblpnpnbbbpJib puip^p tbhpqjiui hunpipqbqnL hunfrnp, npnbp <qhiihpuigi|nuJ hb uipmqmgntg|pni_[, umbqf5i|nui bb hqnp tqhljmpmlpuh Tjjqppupbhp, b qpiubg <<hbnmqpnhuilpiibmp]uih>> puipdpuigilujh ЪшЬшр lpnmuipi|nul hb n pb umuib&Jib, uijq JuiipmjJib huipijuibhbp' jnipiupmbynipnul nibbbuqni} 10-12 Jnlvqniqu: Ul]qpbuil]uih uiqquil|hhpp Ipupbhu vqbrnp b oqmjjib <<pnibh]>> pmgbb, пр}г ifjipnij huipnpqbbpp Iqhuiubbb biqmmml|}ib: ФЬ2Ш]]1Ь qbbpji mnmi^hp hbnuiblpnpuijjibiJmubJiljbbp bb hunfuipijnuf ppuibbji ^hqnp uimnifbhpp, puihji np qpm iluiubjiljbhpji фЬрЬрр ^hb рЬрфплГ qhnifuiqbjiuuilpnb quipmnul b bbu.bqiii|nul guiblpuguib i}ib2ji bbpunui b uijqujJiumj ^bb ilbbuigbnui pbqiiuih Ijmil puiduibiTuib uiblgnubp:
У S bpifiu tfu in iu qu ijpu ijJih q b h p b p
Active Denial System (UU"b) gbpiln-^tunmquijpinjpb ишррип|прпиГ
ЭЬрЬшЬшпшдирршфЬ qhbghpg <£umuiquijpuqjih qbbghpjimuipuimhuuil] hti, npnbg bmjuuunhuijuib hb huilpunmlpipiiJi IjhhquihJi nidfi b p2bmifmpmp mpmiiuiqpi|m<5 Juiipuu|npni-iibbp}i huip&uilpiulbbpji huilpuqiphuh tpmt Ipubjinluih huntuip: fihpihmiuinuiquijpuqjibuuippunjnpnulb uibguimnul b ifbb bbhpqjiui upupnibuilpiqduinmqmjpbhp77 npnbg 2^nphjii| ituipqlpubg tlnm umuipuibnul b huiblpupbuiljl'i uijpituib qqmgnqnip]nib, mjb Jib Jipmljmbnul ituipipu opquibjiqitjib itji i[bmu ф hmugbni.it: 4uipnq b mqqhp 500it 2шпшфри[ muipuibnipjuib ijpui, npp qbpmqmbgnuf b uijuop oqmmqnpbi|nq itmhmpbp qbbghpji (nbmjibb фщЬфппртЬЬр, mpgnibpmpbp iljigngbhp b uipb) Jungbijmipjmb hhnunjnpm.p]nihg:
Uju qhbpji hummqmjpbbpb nibml] hb punfimbgbp gmbljuiguib hmqniuinji itjigmj, puijg upmnji Ipmf bi[mbmm]iu[ uipqhppji itjigni], b Jap hiuhuiupiiphfih hquib ifmpqni ЬшрЦр mmpmgbhp ifjibjli 50 uiumjiduih pum Shpijmuiji, npb шЬипиЬЬф b b uinjuqnui b ifmpqnib pmpumng фЬигрЬр
/fh u q fin in q p u iljiu h (m u ijfiu igfin h) qbh p h p
fl4ui}|irnnqfiuilpuU qbbpfi qnhp: Uifpnrig mpjumphji pd2bmpjm.bg uibmd t oqbbjni mjubphjuuijpb:
Xilpupg i]kpgi|uib t www.lki.ru/.../0708/Weapon/Small/victim.jpg Jibuibpbtmiujpb ljuijpbg:
(7biuq]inpnq[iml|uib (nmqjimgjmb) qhbphpp huntmpijnul hbqiubqi]mbm][ib пф^шдЬшЬ qhbpbpji uiuipuiuihuuiljbbp: T-piubg uiqqhgm.pjm.bp hfiitbi|uib b ituipuiuilpub bmnuiqui]punul|m]ii[ bjniphpji (Ш£Ъ) фии, npnbp oqmmqnpbijnui hb bin in nil] иришршитфиЬ
ijingbhhpjL Ipnil qLLbnLjpbhpfi тЬирпф li Jiphlig Uhg hhpuinnuf hb muqjinmlpnjiij bjbilhbmbhp, npnbp шпшр hb pbpni_ii Jmbuigbnq qnpbnbbhpTj
bnbuigbnq <£uinuiquijpbhpq puLjpuijnLii bb opquibjiqifjihjnun[uibpbbpq, гшш^шдЬшлГ mhquijjib (qnlpiq) L[buim|mbpbhp Ijunl dumuiquijpmj|ib h}n[LiibqnLpjnLb: U&L-pJi uiqqhgnLpjnLbq lpnptq]i thunfhiluiuitq iljignilpnjjib ujuijpjnLbJi duuluibuilj шпшршдшЬnuiq]muiljinJiL[ bjnLphpji uiqqhgnLpjuib hhun?
jUT&'b-pJi hjnlbuilpub uiqpjnip hb hmhqjiuuibnul lijipmlpiqjib nhmlpnnpbhpfi u^luuunuibpjig шпшршдшЬ puujinbbhpq: U&L-pJioqinuiqnpbnLiIh Jipuilpubuigijnul t uiLj]iuimiLifphp]i, uihoquijm. JibpbmpJinbhpJi, рЬшфгр hpp}mbbpji b uqp lijigngml:
fl-u ii}fm hw (iiu fu iu j}ih q b b p b p
X-45C uilioqui^ni. pnpiq umppm^npUmb guibp hui<Sui|uiulputmLpjuib E injiujji nnuiphpmjqJibqmbni-pjnLUp (UU"l>)
4 bp2}ib muipjibhpfib uilpnfnlmgbq hb t,|hl]inpau[uiqb]iuml]uib <£uinuiqLUjpnnIbhp{i l]hbuщpшbшljшh uiqqhgnLpjuib niunuilbumjipiluib фпрЬлир^пиШЬрр: ФпрЛшрЦпиШЬрпи! qjjuun[np rnbqq hunnljLugLjnnI t
iluipqlpnbg фрш blbl]inpuatmqb]iuuil|mb <£uinuiquijpiluib uiqqhgnupjuibp, nmqjinhm^mjuuil^mbmjjib unlhbuiguibp lijipuilpujpjig bjib^b qbppuipApq' f = 3 - 30 Zg-Jig ifjibjb f = 3 - 30 21|2g: Uju bjbljLnpuiilLuqb]iuuilpiib ^mnmqmjpnLiibhpJi i[{i2uilpujphp|inumLilbuiufipnuIq Ipupnq b bnp шЬишЩг nuiq]mhuidui]Lnuj]ib qhbpji uuihqbiluib hjnip huibq]iuiiibiiip
:Tbuiq]mhm^mJum]Jib qhbphpp qhppuipdp huiiiiiijLiuilpiibnLpjuib i[Ji2uilpu]pni_i[ ljnp|n ul bb ЬфЬрпшфригфЬ Ipuif Ч-Р2, qbbpbp: Cum uijqil, mnm2]ib hhppjib питиПншфрфпиГ t dumuiquijpiiuih uiqqhgnLpjnLbq Ijhhuipnhuilpnb bjuipquqjib b ujipm- uibnpuij]ib hunluiljuipq]i фрш, puubji np qpuibp фиирдшфпртл! hb pnqnp iljniu opquibbhpji b hmdml|mpqhpji qnpbni.bhnLpjni.bp, np^nLif bb hnqhlpiih ифЬифр b ifuipipiL фтрфЬрхфЬрицр'Г1 Ujchl ujmpqijmb t, np Ijhbmpnhuilpub bjuipqui]}ib huuluilpnpqji фрш Jipbbg qnpbnLbhnLpjunfp итшфЬр Ijhbumljmb uuqqhgnipjnLb hb uinuipuigbnui mjb (immiiquijpmiibbpp, npnbp Jqihbg iqiupmiihinphpnij hunlunquiinuiuJuuibnLif bb niqhqji tqhljmpuniinqbJiumljmb quiqinjib b hunluilpupqnLiT hb ЬршIjhbuipnbbhpfi qnpbnLbhnipjnLbp: Ipmbjig hhinbnui b liinpqnL nLqhqJi IjhbinpnbbhpJi фрш bjhljmpuiiluiqbfniuiljuib iuinuiquijpifuib uiqhlpimpji duibpunluiub nLunLiibmuJipnuip b ijinphuipl] фтл! b qpuibgшфифгфиидшлГр' dbqiluib b qpqmTuib b]i2ngbbp]i Ыпдршфпр фтр&щрфЬииГр:
UU"b-nuI фптшрфшЬ фпр<кирфшл1ЬЬрр gnLjg hb imjbp np duupqm. фрии прп2шЩ1 huibuifuuiljuibmpjiuh dLuniuquijpnuJhhp|i iljimduiiiuibiulj inqqhgnLpjmilp' nuiqjmh uiduiJuuilpnbn ipjmb 30-30000 Uq2,g (lihmpinjjib b qhglnlhinpuijjib hplpupnLpjunfp uijjipbbp) liJi2uj.lquxjpni_il b шфЬфг puib 10 Uq4in/uil2 ]ibmbbuJn[nLp]miip qfiuujnut hb' дфишдииф, pmqnLpjnLb, &^uibnLpjm.b, Ьфигп qpqn фии bm.pj nib, фшфф qquignqnLpjnLb, npn2nLiibbp IjuijuigbtqnL uihlpnpnqnL pj n Lb, hjipnqnupjuib фиплшдпи!:
OrjJunLqbqli i)piu 0,3-3,0 2ф2д (qhgjnlbinpmjjib mjjipbhp) hLU^LuJuinljLubnLpjLub b 2Uq4LnAni2 jibmhbu[n|nLpiш U iIJipuiljLujpnLii nLaq|minj]ipbhp]i mqqbgnLpjnLbb шпшршдЬшлГ bb unLpigJi, qddngfi, lu22n9t1 qqmgnqnLpjnLb, JunurniLui, npnbp i^hpiubnui hb hunluiLquimLuuJuuib bljpmbmL[npL[miIp: ‘TLuipqL[mb b, np hqnp
25
bqblimpunluiqbjiuuilpiib Atunuiquijpbbpq ljuipnq bb uimngiugtitq ni_dbq uqpijuibpbhp, Ijm.pmgnui:
^JruibuilpnbbhpJi IpnpbJipmJ, bbblpnpmiluiqbjiuuilpiibAumuiquijpbbpJi oqbni.pjuiiIp Ipiipbpji t npnpuiljji hbnunJnpnLpjuih ijpui bupnmmlprniuqrpjuifc uiqqbp ifuipqnx ijpui: U]b pni_jj_ b шшфиnuiqJinhuiAuiJuuqJib qbbpb oquiuiqnpbbp hnqbpmbuiljmb qjnjhpujiuibhpji uibglpngiluib b . huilpimuilpipq qnppji Ipnnuujuquluib ujuuq uquibunjnpiliub hunluip: b ij huilpnnuilqi' uhijiuilpnb qnppji blpmmlunlp IjJipuinnufp Ipnpnq t pbph[ uibAbuilpnqdJi qjiduiglpu.bm.p]uib puipApuigduib umphubbpji blpuunluulp, npnbp huibqbu bb quqjiu upnmhpuiqifuilpnb JqmnJJiAuilpiuf:
UJilqinuqJipuqJib qbbpji oqbnipjuufp lpnph[Ji b JuuiJuuihp guiblpuguib bbhlpnpnbuqjib huniuilpnpqji uqjuuimuihpp: 2bmubl}uipuqjib 12.1] 4 m hqnprapjmilp duiqbhuipnbbhpq b Iqjiuuipnbbbpp' !J>inqui]Jib guibgnij uqbhunjuipbbpji Ipjipumifunlp, pm.jp Ijmuib JumJuuihp oquibunjuilpnjuibbbpji Ipnmmjuipnufp, hppjmbbpji ulpqpbuilpnb qjippnp^nulp, JuuiJuudq Ipnnunjuqiifuib bhbinpnbbhpji, qnppji b qbbpji Ipnnunjuipifuib hunluilpupqbpq:
Puibuilpbbpji utqumuiqjibmpjmbbtpnuf nibhbuqnij hqnp, guiblpnguib qjippunjnpiluib 2ulP^ulkul djilqmuqjipuijjib qhbhpunmipbhp, npnbp hbuqumJnpnLpjmb 1рлшЬ mpqbpul]hi_ huilpupuiljnpq IpupIJi qbbpji -Ipummjuquhnb hmiluilpnpqhpp, npnbp uiupnquqji qjibijuib mdhpnul ifjiljpnuqjipuqjib ifjigngbbpp uinuig bb ifqnuf umunjbp uinuipbuqjib 2Uipp:
fy h ljm p iin fiu qtiJim u ljiu b rfu in u iqiu jpifu ih ph qqp ljn L ifh h p q
bjbIpiipuiilилqbJiиtu 1}шb Auimuquqpbbpb pbqmbijuib b puiduibbp puin huiAuiJuuitpnbmpjuib pbqqplphnb (mbu uiqjnunulqi): Cbqqp Ipiufbbp Ji iljipb jlpnb Ijuipnil] uibgni_ilbbp, qpuibp hppbbb ijpuibuiblpjnuf bb, Jiul] qpuibg ifjigb uuihifuibbhpp ujuijihnbuilpnb bb, pinbji np AuinuiquijpJi inuipuibilinb uipuiqmpjmbq huiumuunmb b, unqui
qpui тшшшЫшЬ hm&ii]uuiljmhni.p]ni.bp JuJiuin l|iuuji|mh b uqjipji bplpnpni.pjni.bjig' ijuiuilpiulnuf:
H-uiqJinwiJiphbp - qhplpnp^ nuiqjinuqjipbhpp pbqnitnjuib h puiduibhp ilhmpuqjib, qhgjiiibmpuijjib, uinbmjufhinpuijjib, iljqjulbinpuijlib b hbpunljijjnlhmpuijjib Ipml JJitjpniihmpuijJih:
X < 1 il(v > 300 LT2g) hpljuipnipjunlp uqjipbhpp ljn^i[ni.J hb bmb lljilpmuipjipbhp Ipuif qbppiupXp hm<i£uijuuilpnbm.pjinb uqjipbhp:
Oujmfiljuilpuh tfuinuiqiujpnLif - mhuuibtqji puju,bphlpnpuiihnqbji-uuilpnh uipjipbbp, npnbg hplpnpnipjnibp upiijiluibuiljmhnphb munnuibijnul b lbii-Jig libl umhifuihbhpm.il: OupnJiljuiljuib <iuinuiqui]pifuibp (puigji uqb, npp pbqni.bni.il t lluipqlpiqjib шуэр) ijhpuiphpijnuf hb bmb {гЬфрш^шргфр b uibipnuifmbni2uil]mqnL]b Xmnmqmjpnuibbpp:
Oupnjilpulpub XmnmquijpniJ IpnphjJi t umuibuip oupnjiljuilpnb hmiimljmpqbpji iljigngmj' nuiqbjuiljbhp, hmjhiJibhp, onpnjiljuiljuih ujpjiqifuibbp, q]i^pml}g}mb ijuibquiljbhp b uqb:
Чпрт tfuinuiquijphbp - nhbmqhbjmb b quiifilui ifuinuiquijpiluib mJipnijpmjJib umhifmbbhpp np^ijniif h 2ШШ hmpuiphpmlpnh: Cbqhuibnip ЬрщЬЬпрпрЬшЬ hmiimp IpnphjJi t pbqmbbp np nhbmqhbjmb pijuibinbhpji hbhpqjimb qinbijnul h 20 h4 - 0,1 Uh4 djiguilpujpnui, Jiulj qunfifui-pijuibinbhpji hbhpqjimb - 0,1 Uh4 -Jig unjtqji:
(1 h4 = eU = 1,6 10’19Чр 14 = 1,6 10192):
ChqqpLpijpli uibijuibnulpЩ ф Ь
hplpiipm-pjndip X
2ui<£ui]mnlpii- lmi.pjm.bp v
Uijpjmpbhpp
4-hphplpup lOOif- lOlpI 3 - 30 lq2.g
bpljuip lO tpl- 1 Ipl 30 IjZg - 300 IjZg Upbn]npmiu]]ib
ЦрррЬ 1 Ijif - 100 it 300 IjZg- 3 ITZgUfiUiiLjplihp.
ГНиррпш] bpbhp Чшр^ 100 b - 10 if 3 ITZg - 1,5 x 1011 Zg tjbljmpnbuijpb
Q-hplpupi 10 il - 2 J J 30 UZg - 1,5 x 10"hnuphpnul
фпфп[иш1}шЬhnuuibpbbpp:
ЬЬфрифшрЬрр(ghpiluijjib) 760 bil - 2 ilif > 1,5 x 10n Zg
(11 olpniuip
ЗЬрЬшфЬ b tqblpnpuilpub
uiqqbgnipjni.bbbp}ig ЬЬрфпцЬЬрф U
uimmlbhpji Xuinuiquijpnuf:Oupnpljiuljuib
ShuuibhiJi(mbuuibh]p
Ln4 u)400 - 760 bil (1 oljinmil)
<£uimuquijpnuf
Ubrjpunluibni.-2Uilpuqni.jb
(пцтрииГш-bn^mljmqnLjb)
10 - 400 btl < 3 x 1016 Zg (5 olpnmip
UpuiquigipubЬрЫрпрпЬЬЬрфuiqqhgiupjuufp
mmnifbbpfi£umiuquijpnul:
Чп2Шiuinuiquijpbhp
n-bhmqhbjuib 10 - 5xl0~3 bif 3 x 1016- 6 x 1019Zg
Цршдшдфшйi]vupuilji[uib
ifuiubpljbhp|iuiqqhgni_pjuiifp
lumniluijjibqnpbpbpuigbhp:
Q-uiiliTui < 5xl0~3 bil > 6 x 1019 Zg
ЦфршфщфЬ b injibqhpuiljiub
qnpbpbpmgbhp, £uinuiqui]puuuljm}n|
mpnhnul:
P hfyiw A u ijhiu jph qbh p bp
4^rmhuilpxibhbpq qjunhb, np guibp hm<£mfuuil[uibnLp]uib duijhp Ipiipnq t liuipipah «iqmm m n-qm m mn» uibbp ihubp ilurabpji, uuilpujb iffib ш]иор >bh ЬрирпгрлдЬр qrnbbq jjiuipdbp lihpnq, pb Jibpijbu nuppipqbp uijq ifiuhuigra Jibujniqup dfipu1 biquimmlpuljhmjib:
( ЬЬф рщ ЛидЬигф Ь q h lip b p p h jn lb iju i b b b h q n p fili^piudiujburjjib u m im u ih n u fb b p ji n iq q n p rp ju ib dm nuiquijpifuuh oqinuiqnp bifu ih i|pm: b p b b g jig q n p b b u ilp n b hhmuippppmpjni.b b b bbplpujuigbnuf m u iu jig
i l j ib jb h u ip jn tp it jiu n jn p 2 g h u i duiju ш Ipu b n t p j щ b m u iin u ib n u lb b p p :
ЬЬфршАирЬф hu n fu ip p b n p n 2 t tjinppiuqniqh pbljuqnulp шшррЬр if jig m ijm jp h p n u l, n p ji u ip ip m .b p n u l фЬфршД.Ш]Ьш]фЬ uipfipbhpp o q n u l ,
2 p n u l b q bm b[i muilq Ip u p n q b b m uipuibtjhp ilh b libnmi|npnLp]nLbbbp|i
г|рш, ЬЬрршфшЬдЬ] p brnnbh b ilb u ru iip iilp iib u ip q b jp b b p ji
Uljuipp t]hpgi(uib t forteantimes.com }ihmhplibmui]]iU 1}ШЗРЬЭ
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ЬЬфрипкифшфЬ qbbpp iluipqlpubg Unin Iquipnp t uinuiguigbhq фшпЬи^фпр (паника), иЬфифшЬ шЬДф qblpmfuipiluib pbqnibuj Ijnipjvuh Ipipnium b puipbifhpnt mbnpn2 дш blpupj nth: ЛрпршЬф huiduifuuiljuibni_pjm.bbhpp Ipnpnq bb uiqqhp dfipfib uilpubgfi г]рш' шпшр phphpnif inuimuibnufbbp, npnbp lipbbg hhppfib tniuibuilplnul bb b ipnnbnuf mjbujJiuJi qquignqnipjnLbbhpfi upmnduin, фЬрфпфр фЬпиф bb inpuuluupipumqfib ilfigngbhpfi punfiuihuipifuib, ЬпфцфЬ h]u[mbqni_p]mb duuluibuilp Чрш uiqqhgmpjuib hbnuiijnpnLpjnLbp npnpifnul b dmnmqmjpijnq hqnpnipjunfp, глЬршфпффнр huiduifuuil] uib nipjuib uipdhpmj, nuppfuibni_pjuib puijbnLpjmiip b Jipuilpub гфршфхдрпи! ЬшфшфЬ шфрЬЬрф muipuibiluib ujui]ifuibbbpni[:
Uunfniqji hmqnpqmqpni_p]ni.bbbpji hunfui&uijb UlTb-nuf шфирщфЬр bb фЬфрш&шфшфЬ qhbpfi uuihqbifmb uipfuunnuibpbbpp: ЕгрЫрпршфиЬ tbbpqjimjji фпфшфЬриргиГр guibp <kujbuqfib tbhpqjimjfi Ьртпшрфш! b u]jibqntphl]mpuiljuih (iqfihqui - dbpduib b iibjumbjil}ml|mb puipiluib Jfiunjnp) pjnLpbqbbpJi oqbnipjunfp, npnbg dbg фпффш! b Iqhlgnpuilgnb hnuuibpji uiqqhgnLpguifp: Ujuiqbu lgi>i|uib <«kujbuqfib nnufpp» uipmuiqpnul b 2ШШ guibp huiduijuui t] ш bmp] mb dtujbuijfib inuimuibnufbbp: ЬЬфршДшфшфЬ qhbpji фпрАЬифшЬbiinL2bbpp uqiqbb 1фршпфд bb Ьшр^ширлфирпиГ: 2008рф ifuijfiufi 9- l b hui]l|uil]uib hbnnuimuimhumpjunlp iihl|biupuila[bg ЧршишшЬпиГ шЬхф nthbgmq punpnpuilgnb pbqhmpnufbhpfig qpifuiqbbp, nprnbq дгадшршрЬЬрф gpilmb hugumuiljmf l]fipuimfhp bp «фЬфршАшфшфЬ qbbp», gm_guipuipbhpp fum.dunquihuip фиффш! tfib uilgnbgbhpnui uni_p gunfhp qquipiL iquimdummf:
/?> ifu ihu ipbp q b h p bp ji Im p шЬишЦЬЬр
П2 ifuihuiphp qbbp uiubjnif vqbrnp b humljuibup iluipqljuihg b mbfubfitgujfi ifpui uijbiqfiufi iljigngbhpfi 1фршппи[р, npnbp итЬрЦшЬ bb pfidfmilgnb, Ijbbumpmbmljiub, ф^ффифиЬ b uijp ЬЬрпрЬЬрпф npnbp h ш Ipu n ш Ipip qfi h прп2ш1ф dmduibuil]uigbpuigpnuf quipdbnul bb шЬЬшршшЬшф
Гф duihuiphp qbbpbpp, npnbp г12шкг11и1 kh 1г 2ШРР bpl|phhpnuf, ntbhb hhmbjuip тЬиифЬЬрр.
• ЭирЬилфЬ qbbp - фпрршЬшфир hqnp qhbhpunnnpbhp, npnbp ui2luunnnul bb фЬфршАшфшфЬ b Auijbuijfib huiduifuuilgubm_pjni_bbhp|i рр^иЛиф^рпиГ, buifmmnhuifuib b duipqlpiibg Jungitmb' bni_]b]iul| pmpumngbbpnul b inbfubfilpii]]i ilbg qmbifnqbhpft huufuip:
• Ьф^трипГшдЬфиифшЬ qbbp - puipdp huiduifuuil]uibni_p]uib (СВЧ) iffipuilgnjgfi ЬффпршЬшдЬфишфцЬ Auinuiquijpiliub qhbbpunnnpbhp, npnbp ЬифтппЬифпЬ bb hjufbuilguhm if tqhljmpiuuuippuiifnpnufbhpfi пфдидЬшЬ huufuip:
• 4m.puigbnq qbbp - Ipihbpbbm b Ipihhphbm ougnfil]uilpnb Auinuiquijpifuib uiqpjmpbhp, npnbp пф^шдЬпиГ bb oupnfilgu bpbljuipnbmjjib uuippunfnpnufhhpp b fungni.il mhunigulguh opqmbbbpp:
• PJnfJiuilpnb bjipngbbp - Imqbiihm ршршррффЬрт| uibpnqn]uq}ib ЬфрпдЬЬр, шшррЬр фрфрирфЬ, l|4bnLb b mpuiqnphb ujbquignq pmqmqpntpjmiip, inljuijnj pjnfjimljuib ilji2ngbbp. ppijmjfib пЬш1]д]лшЬЬрф фЬ1фрфшпрЬЬр (шрдЬ]ш1ффЬр) b uiljin|iи[шpшpbhp, npnbp pbqmbuil] bb {umjinnhp ЬЬтшрифшЬ huniuibnL[i[mbpbhp|i dnpblpn-piqjib l|mnnigi[uibpp, q[ibmu|m2iupbbp[i pmquiqpmilmubpp, nhinjibb fiphpp:
• ЧЫшшршЬшфиЬ iljipngbhp - if[il[pnopquih}iqiIbbp, npnbpЛ.Ьшфп}ш|ш6 bb qbbuqjib Jibdbbhpmljmb pbnpn2 hiumb[nLp]nLbbhpni| b pbqnibmlj bb {uiujumhpni ЬЬшшрш1|шЬ hmifmAni.pi[mbpbbpJi lpunnigi[iu(3pp, nuiqilmifpbppbhpjipuiquiqpuiilmubpp, nbinjibh fiphpp b фипЬ]фршриш.1]шфЬ b]mphpp ifbpmifmfuhqmf qnbqnqmbdiub qmbqifmbfi:
• ^bфnp^iшgflnb-hnqЬplubшl[шb lifipngbbp - иршЬр ifjipngbbpbb, npnbp uiqqmd bb mbbfi b l]uiqiiuil|hpiqnLp]ni_b l|inqiiuil|bpu]2ml]mb qnpbnbbhpfi ifpui: ЧршЬфд hpbhpnifniunuibuiufiptfnui bb lipbnprpmji ifhpjib pbpmbpnui hnpiqpn^fil] mpinmgnpntifbhpfi uinbqbiiiubhbmpmifnpni-p]ni.bbhpp, buqbmjfibufibphqmpmpbhpp(hmilmqpji^bbpp), npnbp pnuq bb miupfiu ifhpinpuimqph^ imupphp iqhinnLpjnibbhpfi qhlqiuifinp b }ipmifinuni_ uibA.mbg qhljnggbhpp b dqbшdшl^ш]flb
{qmnjfiduiljhbpnuf imupuibbj qpuibp qmliqi[uibm]jili }гЬфпрг1шд]ш1ф b]blpnpnbuq}ib сфрпдЬЬрпф U]u qhbpbpji рфгЬ hli ujuiinljuibnuf bmb inuimuibnufbbp luniupuiglmq un|ji)tihpp, huufuiljuipqyuqjib сфрпшЬЬрр b uqj bifuibuunjuq lijignghbpp:
fly ifuihuiphp qbbpji muipphp htiniqbhpq IjJipumijhp bb Unifuqjmuf, Jluqjipjinul, bpuipnuf qjibijuib qbqhuipnufbhpji chmfuibuilj: Ujuujbu, -«(PnpnpJilj uihiuujuimnul>> (“Буря в пустыне”) nuiqifuiljuih qnpbnqnipjuib pbpuigpnuf oquiuiqnpbijbq b bbbTjmpmifmqbJiuuiljmb qhbp, (ifuiuhuiijnpuiiqhu' uibjuiubbuijfib limbpmphqbp), npp nybyuigifuib fctipuiljm opjbbjmbbpJib bb huiugpby “Томахок” pbunjnp hppjmbhpji Ц^пдпф Upqjnibpniif' bjbljmpujlpiijuibbhpJibqbljuipmhuiifmljmpqbpnuf U qbuqjib bjbljmpmhuiqnpquijmphpnLiI fcfuiqbp bb lpnp<$ lfjiuignufbbp, npnbp, nuiqifuiljuib qnpbnqnipjuib npnpjiy ujuihjib phphj bb bprnpji huiljuioquqjib iquiyuuqmbnipjuib bqhljmpmtfuimuiljmpmpilmb hunfuiljuipqji juuijuunfmb: Puigji uqq UlTb- raui t jmqhpuqjib fjnipuignigjiy “ Сейбр - 203”, npp Ipiipnq tmhquiqpijbj 40гЫ-шЬпд bnhuiljuibhmnui: Т-рш hifni2uq}ih uimpphpmljp oqmuiqnpbijby b 1995p-Jib Umfuqjmui:
ZuipuiupmJJmqnuI, nmqifmljmb qnpbnibbnipjmb pbpmgpnuf, ЪИЭО-Ь iJinpAuipljbj b i-fji 2ШРР ny duihmphp qbbpji mbumljbbp. JibyiqJiuJip bb' «qpm^JimmjJib», jniuuqjib, ikujbuqjib b bpbljmpmifmqbjiumljmb nnufpbpp, uibuiuibbjji hnm mnmgmgbnq, juiqhpuqjib umppmi|npnuibh[ip, Ipqynib фрфтрр:
«О-ршф^тшфЬ» nnufpji uimugjib Jiulj IjJipmmfmb 2^nphju[ bUSO-Ji JibpbuipJmbbpq ifji prnbji duiifnij 2шРР119 hmbbgjib Ubppjiuqji bptljmpmhmifmljmpqJi bpljni bppnpqp:
LUSO-Ji b ifji 2ШРР uinmpmmmp bpljpbbjmuf juqbnpbb pbbmpl]i[nul bb ny ifmhmpbp qbbpji hhmmqm ^uiljilutfi h ТфрштГтЬ hmpgbpp: T-m hjnfbmljmlmuf IjiiiiqiJuib b Zmifmqnpbmljgnipjmb Snpphpji' mmppbp mbumljji mmpmbpmjjib pbhmpnufbbpnuf b Jumqmpmpmp qnpbnqnipjnibbbjinuf, qnpbnibhnipjuib pbqjuqbifuib hbm:
Ш-ГЬ-Ji bmJum<Uintinipjmifp LUSO Ji ppspubuiljbbpnuf umhqbi[b| b hmifmljmpqnq hmmnilj u^Jmnmuibpuqfib Junufp, nmqifm-lj]ipmnmljmb
tfvuhuipbp qhbpjt hhmuiqnmuil|uib u^Juuimuibpbbp Ipnmuiphpir hunfuip: Unuigbuijlib nLqqntpj nth b h]t }i pt]jib hb upnmlpnbnuf uijb pbntpuiqphpji hbinuiqnmnLpjntbhhpq, npnbp hmljumml}npq]i ifnui шпш2 hit phpni.il ntdhpjt uiljinjit]ni.p]uib LjuipnU] uihljiluih, tquiu}n|nLpjntb, tnuipiubuiljuib Ipiqilbnpngtftub IjnputnJt, q}nnuil|gni_p]mb uibguimiiuib b gmijli qquignqni_p]uib:
Q -bhbm Jilfw ljm h q b h p b p
4 hp2jib uimpjibhpjib l] hbuuitnh Jubnptq}iuij}i phuiqunjumnulmuipt|nq qjnnm-inhjubjiljinipnb bt]ui<£nufbhpp pm.jp mtjhgftb rpttpu quijnt qJiumtpjuih bnp ntqqntpjtub quipquigtfuib ni_q]i, npp umuigunj tilnuni.gJmb-iInphljnLUUip (qhbhmJiljuiLjmb, “генная”) Jtbdhbhjmtpjntb mbijuibnulp: T-pui hjttfpntil pbljtub b juipnpunnnp ujuijiiuibbhpnttf qhhhmftljuilpuh hnulpji Ьфгутдфирф hmpdtuptjmpulpnbntpjuib tqpnghubhpjt t|hpuipmuiqptftuh mhjuhn|nq}iuib: UjqiqJiuJi tlnmhgiltub Ipjtpumnufp uitquihni|m.il t iJljnib uibjubnpnqjimbbpm| bujmmuilpjjm.qqi[uih pbtnpni.pjni.bp b ujmhmbgijnq huiinljmb}i2^bpni| inqJnnuiljnLgbbpJt mupuhnij utntugnttfp: Uuiubuiqhtnbhpji IjtupbJipmj, qhbbtnjiljuilpnb Jtbdhbbpntpjntbp utnbqbntif h buijutntqmjiiinbbbp ‘ТЫЭ1- }t hhin Ш21ишшшЬрЬЬрпч1 pnpnpntjjib bnp tlbpnqbhp}i ii2tuljtfmb htntfuip b bnp IphbuuitnhJubnjnqJiuilpnb ubpbrjji utnhqbtfuib hunlurp: Tqiui hhtn tfhlpnbq ujhmp t bljmmji ntbhbuip np qhbhuijtlpnljiub nmnulbinufipntpjntbbhpji uipqjntbpbbpji oqtmnqnpbnuip )Ji umht[mluui]miljt{nui lijtuijb i}inijin}ui[mb Ijuiif bnp tnhuuil|fi liinbpbbbpji umtugiitutlp, npnbp inmmjhpmqntjbu bb punjuipuipnuf Ijhbuuipuibuiljiub upumbptuqtlji tquihuibgbhpp: LTJi 2ШРР hplppbbp}i ifuiubtuqhtnbhpji Ipnpbjtpnij, ljuipnq hb utnbqbijhp buib limpqnt qhbhtnjilpiilpuib unquipunnji n^b^uigtltub tljipngbbp Ipntf «qhbbtnjil|uil|uib qhbp»: Uju uibtjuibiluih utuilp hinulpngijnui hb pjiii|iuiljiuh bpnil Ijhbuuipuibuilpnb fcuiqnufnt[ bjntphp, npnbp Ipnpnq hb tfuipqlpubg opqmbjtqiinul tuning phphj qbbuijjtb tlnttnuigjiuibhp (lpnnntgt]uibp]i ifmt|in}umpjnrb), npnbp Ipnniugbnpqtlbb uinnqgntpjuib {uuijutnnttfnt[ Ijtmi llutpqlpubg Ьрш qput t]np t|tu b t[uippnt|: ]
4hpg}ib ininpjibhpjtb l]blnitutnhjtibn[nqjiui]|i pbuiqim|utnntii huignqtjhp t ^uiljhp $ltqngiq]iuilpHb uilpnfttl utqjttnuiljntgbhpjt
33
uinuigiluih рЬршрЛш!} uujhlpnnp, npnbp uiqrpiul bb Ipu p hui u n i hb b pJi gunjji qquignqnippuh h hnqhumluimjil} huilpnqqnulhbpji ijpui: U]qiqjiuji IjhhuuilpiipqunjnpJi qbbpji numulhuiujqmi_p]nihhhpp qinhijnul hb inmppbp dmlpnpquiljhhpnul' phqhnuq iljih^h iluipqni ijpui Iqjihjilpnlpuih ijmp&inplpnulhhpp:
4:hhhuiJil]uilpjih qbbpji ЬиитшЛ} uihuml] b huniuqnjnuf uquiqhu Ipqijuib bphjilpiilpnh qhbpp' phmpmjji qhhhinjilquilpnh qnpbnhmj (huiinljuihJipniJ) qbbp: U]b huiqijuipll1!11-1 b uiniupjih hbppjib npnpuiyi bpbJiljmljmb b imiuuuqmlpub JuiiphpJi Jungiluih hmdmji^lljuiqjiiiji qbbpji hbuiuiqui ilquiljnulq h ЩфшпшлГр bpbm.il b inmppbp miiuuuihhpji b ifuipqljuibg bphjilpnljuih JuiiphpJi qbbhmjilpmlpmb uiuippbpnLpjnibbhpjig:
; bpbjilpuljmb qbbpji uiqqbgnipjuih opjbljmbbp Ipnpnq hb qumhuq bmb Ipbbqiubjibbpp, pnrpibpp, hnqji iljiljpn^pnpuib, npnbp hminnilp bb bplppji unjjuq 2Р2ш^Ьи b Ipuphnp iquqifuih b uqq 2Р2шЬпи1 iliupqni qnjuiuihiluih hmiTuippj
bb^upbu hm]inb]i b, iliupqlpmbg npn2 JuiiphpJi opquihjiqilhhpnul qnjnipjnih nibbb qhhhmjilpiphh iquqiluihunjnpijuib Iphhuuipjnljiuiliuih umuihhhiuhuimlpiLpjnihhhp, npnbp Ipnjmjuib bb uqiinuipjih ifjigunjuijpji b uimupjih hbppjib uhhqji ni Jd^hl^gJinh mqqinlpbhpji qnpbnhhhpjig: Ilpmuipjih iljipunjuqpji ui]qu|jiuji uiuipuibpuqjih qnpbnhhbpji uiqqbgnipjuiilp quiuuilpnpqijhp bb minpphp Iphhuuipuihuilpnh Ipunnigijuibphhp, npnbp unlpunqhqijhp hb dumuihquiljmhnphh b huiqnpqijhp' iluipqlpnhg huipnpq uhpnihqhhpjih: Uljbhiujm b, npuqqujjiuji hhpuibuiul}uqjih imnpphpnipjm.hhhpp Ipnpnq bb pjibhp mbbjiquilpmb op]hlqm, bphjilpnlpnh qbbpji pJuIJiuiljuih Ipml 1]ЬЬишршЬш Ipn b hujuimuilpunuqqijuib uiqqhgnippubp iluipqlpnhg pgjighhpji, hjniuijuibphbpji b opquibbhpji ijpui: lu i Ipiupnq bhuihqjiuuihuiq npiqhu ghquimquihnippuh lijiqng b iliuppuiqhpbiluih qbbp (bbhpn. pbqnibiuljnip]nibJig qpl}h|nij):
U hhfi[iugfm h (hm ilm ifm ju m pljb ip ) q b h p b p
Uhhjipuigjmh qhbpp tlblqb b ш]Ь hhuipunjnp, pmjg qbn hjnqnphquqjih qbbpji mbuuiljhhpjig, npji qnpbnibbnipjnibp hjnlhijuib b
34
ilmubjilphbpji uihhjqiugjiuijji (huiifunJmJuiupl|h|]mi.p]Ul.U) UJpiigtiUIuJ, \IUb
ршЬш1]П1р]шЬ bhhpqJlUljJl Шhgiumnnimj: fl-uuqiJtuliujb inbuuibl|jrii.b]ig
iluiuhjit[hhpji b huilpinlinиh JiljhbpJi uihhjquigjiuih Ipupbpji b oqiniuqnpbhp hqnp Ipipbuihuipuip nidji qbbpji uinhqbiluih huufuip, npp 2ШШ inbqiuiibbp Ipqbpmqinbgji ghpilunljignilpuqjih qbbpji hqnpnipjuihp:
bbtyn pifiu g fin h (тЬцЪЦшш^шЦшЬ) u ju im hpu iqilp iffipn ghbp
bpbljmpnhuqjih inhjuhjilpu]ji pnuib quipquignulp b tumuqjib hbppjib hmpijjib uihjuhjilpiqji bp uujhpji Junpp bhpjunidnufp Ipinbpji pnpip phuiqunjuinbbpp, hhpuinjuip iqhuiuilpuh b nmqifiuljmb qbpmmhu^nipjnibbhpp, upnplinhunjnpbp hb pnpipmjjih bnp uihuuiljji huilpuqpnhji bb iqhinnip]nibbhpli ifjiph' inhqhlpuinijui Ipu b(<<Jit^npiIuigJmh upunnhpuiqif»):
<<Shqhl[uiunJmlimb iqunnhpmqif>> mbpifjibji inmlj iqbinp b humlpubuiL djigngmnnuibhpji hmifuipjip, npb nuqrpjuib b ^hmijmmmpifuiqpijinb qnpbnibbnipjmb, uhijuulpuh Jib^npiImgJinb Jib^pmljmnnigiJmbpJi (PP) ijbmuilmbp ршЬ ijbpingifuibp, Jib^vqhu buib qnpbnibhnipjm-b, npp ипГрпррифшкпрЬЬ JuuiJumniif b ijhpiugbnul b hinljmnui^npqji PP-Ji тшррЬрр, Juiuquiq diuifiubuil|bhpnii[ m bqhl[mmijm pmb qhpmlppnnipjmb biqmmml^bbpmj, bupumhpiuqiimljuib qn pbnqnip] nibbb p Ji buijuiuu] mmpmuinif ш b bijmpiliub inmppbp buiunqhhpnul:
ShqhljiuunJm^mb vquimbpuiqbji ijuqntuib huufiup ilpuilpjnul hb hmmnilj ifjipngbhp, npnbp Ijmpnq bb pjibhp b iqmpmiqiubnqnilpub, b Imiphuilpjnquilpnh pbm.]pji: 'Ilmpmiqiubnipjmb pmqiluiUmpqljuqJibhuububmpqji umhqbituib uiuihmbpmpljp Ipujuijuib b uqh puibjig, np pnpnp hhmnbljmpmjJib mhqhl[mimjuil|uib hui if uil|uipqhpji iljigb vJinJuuiqmpA. Ijuiiqp 1|ш1фниш huijniil b Jipudpnhmghbp hmilunnhq qpnpuip l]mlnibjil[uigjinb gmbgji guihlpnguib ilmljmpqinlpji ifjigngbhpji 2bnphJnJ: ir2m^ijnq ilji^ngbhpp (gmbgmjjib baibliuiqpfi^bbpp, bpuiqpuiijnpijiub inbJubJiljuiljuib iljipngbbpji hunjinpinbmb) iqbuip b uiiquihnijhb uinniqnulp opjibmlquib hinuinbbpjmipjuib qhiqji ]1Ьфпр11шд]1Ш])1 upnpuiphbpp (nhunipubbpp), oqininqnpbnqbhpji bni]buil|iiibmgnii[bbpp
(JibqhbmJi^JilpuigJiuib), uupunnqbhpji pnpnp qnpbnqni_p]nibbhpfi qpuibgnutp b uih&budpuiqilfi оифршифг} b hhunuqui i}bpni.bni.pjiub hbuipu^npnipjm.hbhpq, Jib^iqb u ЬшЬ quiquihjmipjuib(iqmpmiquilulmbnipjuih) uibhpuidt^ui duilpuipquiliq:
2uil)ujmulpnpq}i mhqhlpumilmlii^b upuqnnpbhpfi 1Д12 bhppinuhimb b qpxubg ijpui bpuiqpui-mhjubjilpnhuih ifjipngbbph mqqbgmpjunlp (HSUII), Ipuipnq hb mmppbpuilji|hp ilji 2ШРР 2bhp: Xjphbp qpuibgjig 1IJ1 pmbjiup'
• <<mpuululpuibmlpuih nnuip» - фиф (quiqmbji) 1ршпшфцрфпр bpmqjip, npp прп2ш1ф uiqquibpuibml Ipunl huiuuiunm]uib dunifih duibnul b qnpbntbhnipjuib 1Д12' n^b^mgbhpni[ tpuif фшфшЬЬрш! ^hqhpml) тЬр^фштфирзтЬр' uipqhpiulphpni[ mhqhlpuimi[mlpuih lquipuipb’.pp mju lpuid uqb Ipnpbnp huitfnjuibbhpji huiubb|]inLp]nLap, Ipmf 2bqhpni| mhjub lpuilpuib ilji2ngbhp]i IpuqiiuilphpupriiAlp. uiluibuimjiup ifjipuiifinnipjnihb шфппЬшт lpunun]uipduih Irunluiljuipqhpnul, Ipuipnq b uipduiuiuuqbu фпфЬр qpnhp b nuiqiluilpnb qnpbnqmpjuih pbpmgpp b шфиршр,
• <<bpuiqpui]Jib гфрпш» - uimub2.huihuimm.lp bpmqpmjjib uipqjnibp, npb рЬрпЛиф b ijhpiupmuiqphp mpunhnpuibuilpuih nnulphp b hhnuihuiqnpq’ulpgnipjuidp qpuibp bhpqbbp huilpnnuilpnpqji mbqhlpum\' nbuib guibgnul, Jibpbnipnqb puiqiluibuq, lpgi|bp bpuiqphphb фпфшЬдгфр gmbgnui,
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• фпрршЬшфир umppuujnpnuibhp, npnbg р1фт.1шф til buipqmv[nph|ni. iILb hqnpnLpjuih p[hl|mpuiiIuiqh|iuuiL|Ultl Juliqni.pubhpp, npnbp uiujuihni|nul hb nmqJmbphljuipnbmjJib uuippunjnpnulbhpji 2uipp]ig qmpu phphpp:
2huipun]npjihu umunjhpuiqnLjb tjhuiu huiugbbpm гпЬишЫршЛфд, npupbu bpuiqpm-inbjubjiljmljmb uiqqhgnipjuib dji2ngbbp]i Ipfipuimluih uinu^buihhpp opjblpmbbp ljuipnq hb q]imuiplp|bp hpp]mui]]ib huipbauljnulhbpji buifuuiqqnLpuigifuib b injihqhpmljmb imupuibnipjuib i|hpuihulpnqni_pjuib hunhuljuipqhpp, рщрфшшиф^шЬ upnpumbjuihhp}! фипшфпрЬшЬ Ijbbinpnbbhpp b bpuibg IqhbuuiqnpbnibbnipjnLhb ширшЬтфпр hu^nquiljuib Ijbbmpnhbbpq, Цшиф huibqm.jghhpp: luuiquiq dunluibuilp uqqupjmji uiqqhgni_p]m_bbbpp ljuipnq hb Ьфрштфр iqhumi-pjuib uqbuj[iu}i фирЬпр huibqniqgbbpnul, Jib^iqJmJip hb pmblpm]Jib hmiiuilqmpqp, ршршршд[1ш1]шЬ mi|]img]iui]|i oqui]Jib hppbhlpmpjmb ^шпш^шрЬшЬ hunluilpnpqq, ]ib>u)hu ЬшЬ hmljmnmljnpq iqbmmpjmb phmlpnipjuih Ы^шшЬшЬр hnqhpmbml|mb mqqhgnLpjnLbp (hmmlpmtqhu uuihiiuibmiihpii 2Р2ш^^^рш.г1) nmqjm b hhnnmuimhmqnpquilignLpjmb Ti^ngbhpji oqbmpjmiip:
4 hp2hpu inhqhl|m m l] шb mqpjni_pbhpnul hui2iu{u hb^nuf hb pnuphp, np limpqljmbg hbpmqJnnmljgnLpjmb г|рш 1[шрЬф b mqqhp Р22Ш]Ь hhnm{unubhpji b hhmnjunuuilpniqji Ь^пдпф Ujuiqhu opjibmlp' unijnpuilpnh [unumljgnipjmb рЬршдрпи! ljuuqp pbqhuimi[nur b b ifji puibji ijmplpuib рифш! mbhmuljmbuqji uiqiinil], npji i|pm uqbpmb bp п12шгррп1р ]тЬ ф qmp2i[nu[' hmiluiphpni| Ipmiqji Juqqnul, ifjib^qhn mjb Ipmpnip b biquunml|ai]Jib hbpminhpum иршрт.Ьш!рпр uip[ipbhp]a bmup фЬЬр b uiqqhp iluipqlpnbg i[mppmqb]i гфш, b qpmbjig hhum ifmpqp 1ршшшрпи1 b шЬршдшшрЬр[1 uipuippbhp: Сшш hplppbhpji qhljuii|iupbhp b Uhbinhiupnunn qnpbmpmpbhp p22uij]ib hhnui}ununi| Ipmiqji iih2 liinbhpnig шЬг1}12шиФи hbinn mbhmuljmbmpji npnpnulbhp hb Ijuijmgphp, npnbp ршдшишршр hb uiqqhp uibbhuilpuh b uphinmlpmb p^hhpjib: XjnijbJiulp pnpumjjib mpdhpipphp}i фи2шпр}1 dimiuibuil] qpmbgi]hp hb 1IJ1 2шрр qhupphp, npnbgjig ЬЫф diuiliubml[ р22Ш]}1Ь ЬЬггшфпиифшифд oqim[hpnig hhmn 2600 mpdhpnupp i[iu2mm[hp b pbqmdhbp 1 ]ш.шЬт|, uqhjih^ uphtnp b фи^штфр 1 uipdbpniqpp 2600 ]пшЬш| b mjpb:
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Ц-ршфипф < < mhqblpnmijuilpii b upiimhpuiqdq>> ilfipnguinnuibhpji hunfuipfip b> npinhq Jungmp qnpbnbp quibqi]uibhhp}i hhpmq|immlggm.p]Uih ijpui mqqnq uibqbl]ш un|mp]nth t, npp bupuimuilp b hhuimujliqnui фпфпфЬр iluipipm. фпрршдфЬр b upuipunnippbpni. hupunnuilpimiqqi[mb qnpbnqm.pjm.bbhpiji, npnbp hb upunnlpubnul Ьрш hbinuippppni_pjm_bbhpji 2ШРРЬ'*Л> Jib^uphu bmb biluibunnjiup uiqiphgmpjnibbbpjig upuigin iquibni_pjni_hp:
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Sbqhlpuimijuilpmb upunnhpuiqilji mJiujfilj (uilpbuinni.) opjibuilp b пшпр iquimhpuiqifq: Sbqblpuiun]iulpuib uiqrphgm.pjni.bp Ipuipnq blp}ipuim[hp Jilqupbu <<unpilml[]i>> mhupmj , uijbuphu bp «фЬфпрЬшдфпЬ фиифпиГ» umuipuigbhpm upuijiluibbbpnul, npp injiupjilp bplunphpquijjib unnpfibbpjib:
Shqhlpiumi|mp]mhp umjnpuilpuib дпфдкррфд тЬгрЫртпфгфшЬ upmmhpmqtiji Ipuipnq b i]bpun]m}ui|hp ifjiuqb ui]b duiifuibuilp, hpp mhqji mbbhui ирщриширрфдЬ inhqhlpunmlmpjuib bhpippm.il, mjp Ipbpup шишЬ bupuiinuilpuqjib upuipmuiqpijuib mbqhlpiiiim|mpjni.b:
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4 fih bm jiljw l]w h qbh p b p
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hhnuibbmiiuib uii]h|uigi[uii[p b huilputliupmnLpjuib duiifuibuil}huilpnnuiljnpqjig ишш^ pbl|bbpn_ hbuipunjnpnipjuidp, Jibpqbu bmb эдЬ1рифцрг|пг1 b mnunjhp bu рЫрифярфгр hjnqbpuipuiqqjibujmpmpbbpnij, npnbp iqbrnp t Jbb dpmni.pjunip njb^uigbbb Ь2шЬш1|ЬшЬрр: ^Puigfi uijq h{uqhpmpuiqnLpjni_bbbpml yibbinfilpnlpnb qbbpji huiiluilpiipqbpp, hunlbiluimbpnj um]npuilpnb biiuibimn|iujbp}i hhm, pni.jp hb m mjiu Ipp^uimbp uib<ibml]uiqil]i рг|шршЬш1рр ljunf г!шртш1ршЬ hu^uipljp (opfibuilj' muibljji uibAliuilpiiqilJi hunfuip Ijpljbmljji uibqunl):
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hlpupp globalsecurity.org JilnnhphhmiujJiU IjuijpJig
U.U'tpfiljjmU qJibriLdJi ujimnljhpuigifuiirp, mfihqhppnuT bpljpminfibqhppnul, piuqun[npi[u]bIj[iUbui[il] qhlip
/ilimijnpnulp popsci.com Ipujpfi/
ЦЬррш рш Ь
20-21-pij. quipbpp huibqjiuuibnul hb qjnnuimbjubjiljuiliiiib J-unpnpnqmjh huijmbuiqnpbm.p]ntbbhp}i chiuIuibiiilpii2P2uib: U.juuiuipjibhpjib IjuiuiuipiJbgJib puiqiluipjnj qjiuiuilpiibhuijmbuiqnpbni_pjni.bbhp, npnbp bpljjip llnjnpuiljJi pmipiipuilpipni-pjm.bp ripiulpiuqfcu bnp ummji^uihji puip&puigpjib: Umljmjb qpm hhin ifhlpnhrj buinuiguib d}i ' 2ШРР puipq JubqJipbbp' Ipnupjuib uijq huijinbiuqnpbni.pjm.bbhpJi IjJipuimluib npipmbbpji hbin: MirjJippbjuijuibnul t bptubnul, np ilj^rn b qjunuiljuib bijuidnuiq Ji шцши црфпл! ifmprpiL puipnpm.pjuib oquijib, ш]Ь hui&uju ЬшЬ Iqjipuimjnuf b, npiqhu quibqijuibuijjih njb^uigiluih ljuni Jungifuib ifjigng: ЧшрЬЬи pb ifuiprpn. puiphljbgni_pjiubp ЬитирЬдп. mbjubjil|iul]iub ijjipjuuipfiшпшррЬршдр ljuipnrj b uibhunluip uipdbpbhpji IjnpmnJi upnui^um ijuinbuip
2ш]ш1ф t, np qbn 4bpuibbni_brjJi quipuippguibnul huiuuiuiunjhp t mjb IjuipbJipp, pb q]imni.pjni-bp iluiprjiuuJipuiljuib pbni.jp m. uimuphpni.pjni-b ni_b}i: cbJunni.pjmb hijuidiiulbhpq hunfuipijni.il bjih n iXJiuijb mifpnqpnLpjuufp huiuuipuiljni_p]uib mnmgpbpmgji, игр uib&ji bnqbnp nu pmpnjmljmb quipquigiluib ifjigng: ЪрЬ bm.jbJuilj 19-pq qiupji tjbpgnul фршЬи|п.ид)1 Jun2np gjunbuiljuib ni. hiuuuipuiljuilpiib qnpb[i) U. Pbpuipnb bp bp Ipnulpuifcnul, np qjiimn.pjni.bp Ijuipnq b djiuijb iltuprpnujipuiljuib pbni.jp m.bhbmp шири 20-pq quipji uinuigjib IjbuJib, iTuibuitJuihp uinuigjib u^juuiphunluipuinul pmbuujnp quiqbpjioqmuiqnpbnuljig hbuin, ijbpnhji2juip uibijhpuiupiih hunjuiinjib i]hp2 mpijbg: Ujq upupuiquihbpnul b^m bjbjib iluiuiinuibpnul bp Ш]Ь hmpgp, pb Jihpn. IjJipumuiljiub qjiuini.pjni.bp, np uipjuuiuiuibpji ifbb uibuibunui b uqiupqbijnul b Ijn iJuib b pbpbuigbbpn. Ipiubpji hnqubpp,uijbnuinlbbiujbJnJ bpguihlpnphp ф: Pbpbu «libbp uuiilpiuj]ib bpuibjig JuhpuigJmphb oqunjbpu. uipijhuuip фЬр umjnpbp», qinbnul bp Ьш: Puijg Jibyi IpupbjJi b «JubpngJi» huiihupbp « U jb , - upnuiuiujuuibnul b dbb phuiqhmp, - np uibJubJiljiuIjuib pnpnp bi|ui<£nufbhpp Ji uujinu qpijbb iIJiiTJiuijb duipqni. hppiubljmgiimbp, uijpmqhu pmbuiljuibnLpjmb mdp Ipnpnq b iliupqljnipjiub Jumpiuqiub quinbuip»:
UjuujJiump qjnnm.pjiub h mbfubplpnjp ii|i ^uipg pUwqUIl[umlLUpill\I Iquiinuipxjmq hhnuibb uipuijpb hhimnqmnm pqruhhbpp mujmqmjnuiIquipnrj hb iyumbuiq щпшфр uipqjmbun|hm b mbmhumq qbhphpjx mhuuiljbhpji umfarjbbuib buiJuuiujuijbuih, npnbg ффрштфЬpuirpupuilpnh b nmqilmlpub bupmnuiljbhpm[ b buipqljuibg huihuip pumbqbi|bb puiqnul uipunulpupq ijjxbiuljbhp, npnbp ЬигЬшЬиЬфЬ b qpuiqhm pn.bm.bbhp ujbrnp t umrnbmb: Ujuop tq buipqlqmpjuibp b hhbg Jiphbg qjiuihuilpiibbhpjih hmqmb b bumihnqnul t Ш]Ь фшитр, np qpmm.pjm.bp, npp ljuipnq t Jiupqljmpjmb hmbmp umuuiim_pjuih brjpjmp j]ihhq Ijmpnrj b i[bpxubi[bq Ljnpbuibbiub m bmhi|mb qnpbppp:
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U^JuuimuilignuI oqinuiqnpbc]uib li шйфпффпЬ bb mbqblpn.pjm.bbbp }ihmhpbhmui]J4 mhqhlpumi[mp]ni.bbhp]ig, hbnmumui- mnqjinluuqnpqnufbbplig, [lb^iqhu bmb mpmuruuihiluibjuib hpminuipuilpnpjni.bhhp]i bjniphpjig, iluiubunjnpunqbu ГЬпишштшЬ]1 Йи^ЬгарзшЬ mhqhl}mmc]uilpiib - гфррп-ЬийриЬ b qjnnuihuibpunluunybjji hpmmmpmlpicpjmbbbpjig:
• U. UJibuiujuib, t . Сшии[пр]шЬ - Zuijlpulpub UU2, puiquipuigjiuiljuib iqmpinupiibnipjuih ртшр - «Uuipmuilpub ртЬипф р bjmpbpp b oqbmpjmbq qpmbgmj pntbun]npr]uibbbplib» - 1984p.:
• U.2.. ZuiprapjnLbjuib - <<Umbqbuiqnpbuilpiib limmbnqnvpjrab, uibZbuiilnpntpjncb» - bpbmb: «Z m jm uinm h» hpmmmpmljym.p]ni.b. 1987р.:
• Z- Uuiphnujuib, Ъ. Ziupni.pjnLbjmb - ZZ 4 U U P 4 АЧЬ, « Ъ п р ^liqtilpulpub ul|qpnLbpbhpni| bnpuiqmjb mbuuiljji qbbpbp>> - Zbnbmplj, 2002p.:
• t- Cuimr]np]uib - 2ФО & 44U , <<4bbuuipuibuilpub iqm2UiiqiubnLp]ni.bb mluinmbjib /upupnqhb/ ilmbpl;bhpjig>> - Abnbuilp 2007p.:
• В. Фролов- ВОЕННЫЕ ЗНАНИЯ-11/2007- “Электромагнитная бомба- оружие XXI века”.
• Л.Чшрр^ЬдшЬ, Ч. LrbjJipjuib : .bjiqliljm 10, bp 221: Lntju 2000р.:• Ч- Ohuihjuih, U. LTmpqmpjmb, U.. 4uipquib]uib -
Г1шqilmqfnnnip]nib: «U uuiqJilj qpuimm.b>> hpmmuipml^mpjmb: ЬрЬшЬ 2001:
• П-niu- Zuijbphb 'Tln|]imb}uli]il]ml[mb puinuipuib:• Большой энциклопедический словарь/Гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров.
- 4-е изд. - М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия, 1999. — С. 8 7 4 — 876.
ш ш аигччт. нгичи-ьпыэ-зпкь
• Положение об особенностях расследования несчастных случаев на производстве в отдельных отраслях и организациях
• И.М.Чижевский, Г.Б.Куликов, Ю.А.Сидорин. Охрана труда в полиграфии. М., 1988.
• П.Павлов, З.И.Губонина. Охрана труда в приборостроении.
• Русак О.Н. и др. Безопасность жизнедеятельности: Учебник для вузов/ О.Н. Русак, К.Р. Малаян, Н.Г. Занько; Под общ. Ред. О.П. Русака. - 4-е изд., стереотип.-С- Пб.: Лань, 2001.-447 с.: ил.
• Безопасность жизнедеятельности: Учебник для вузов/Под общ. Ред. СВ. Белова.-3-е изд. испр. и доп.-М: Высш. Школа, 2001.- 484 с., 2002 г, 2003 г.
• Мучин П.В. Безопасность жизнедеятельности: Учебное пособие для вузов-2- изд. испр. и допол.- Новосбирск: СГТА, 2003.-276 с.
• Безопасность жизнедеятельности: Учебник для вузов по специальности "Экономика и управление на предприятии", "Информационные системы в экономике" / Под ред. Арустамова Э.А.-2-е изд. перераб. и доп.-М,: ИД "Дашков и К", 2000.-678 с.
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