Vasco Da Gama - no de Lisboa

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Passeio Anterior - Passeio Seguinte

To visit the Expo site, the best is to leave from Ericeira towardsMafra and Malveira. Take the A8 motorway to Malveira andcontinue towards Lisbon. After the toll-bar take the 3rd exit where

the airport is indicated, then follow the directions to the airport andthen you will see signs for the Expo.

Portugal organised Expo 98, the last world exhibition of the century. It was also thecelebration of the 500th anniversary of the discovery of the sea route to Indiain1498 by the navigator Vasco da Gama.The theme was "The Oceans, a Heritage for the Future", and the entire area at

the eastern end of the city's waterfront was rebuilt for the event. When it was over,the new urban district was dubbed Parque das Nações (Park of Nations), and isnow one of the largest urban redevelopment projects in Europe.

Ponte Vasco da Gama Pavilhão Atlântico

For the construction of Expo 98 the architects were inspired by great sea

mythologies and Nations Park is a modern architectural showpiece, spread along athree-mile stretch of the Tagus river in north-east Lisbon. It boasts the vast Vascoda Gama shopping centre and cinema, an Oceanarium, the Living Science Centre,the Atlantic Pavilion (concert and sports venue), the Lisbon International ExhbitionCentre (FIL), the Camões Theatre, Lisbon Casino and dozens of bars, restaurantsand late-night venues. Enjoy the view from the cable car along the riverfront, hop onthe tourist "mini" train, or hire a bicycle to get around at your leisure.

Take the lift to the top of the Vasco da Gama Tower for views of the city and the 17km Vasco da Gama Bridge. While you're up there, look out for the PortuguesePavilion, recognisable for its curved roof, designed by Portugal's most renownedarchitect, Alvaro Siza, and considered an architectural wonder.

When arriving, one immediately sees the Orientestation, built by the Spanish architect: SantiagoCalatrava. The station looks like a forest of metal palmtrees, it concentrates road and railway transport.

- the Vasco da Gama Bridge is 17 km long, with 12 above the estuary of theTagus. From Febuary 1995 to March 1998 more than 3300 were employed for theconstruction of this bridge. The Portuguese government chose a private consortium,Lusoponte, composed of Portuguese, French & English companies, for the building



of the bridge. The main bridge was built by the French company CampenonBernard SGE. Until the 29th of march 1998, the only bridge in Lisbon was the 25thof April Bridge, built from 1962 to 1966 by American and Portuguese companies.This bridge is a suspension bridge, road and railway, and for a long time it was thelongest bridge in Europe (2 278 m).

- On the left you can also see the Vasco da Gama Tower which shelters a

restaurant and a 140 m high view-point. Then, one can take the telpher railway tohave an overview of the surrounding 60 hectares around the 10 hectares site.

- The next stop has to be the Oceanário.Built by the American architect Peter Chermayeff, it is the biggest aquarium inEurope that takes us from one ocean to the other: Antarctica with its ice-cold areas,populated with seals and penguins; the coral reefs of the Indian Ocean with itstropical fish; the rocky coasts of the Pacific with its submarine forests of seaweedand its sea lions; in the coast of the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean, with its greatvariety of fish. In the centre, there is an enormous tank (more than 6 000 cubicmeters) with sharks, rays, tunas, but also fishes which move in groups. You willdiscover more than 15 000 sea animals and more than 350 sorts of plants. A must.

Vasco da Gama ShoppingCentre

At this point of the tour you might welcome a break in one of the 30 restaurants atthe Vasco da Gama shopping centre. Its design has been blended into theOriente Station's architecture. Formerly the entrance to Expo 98, it gives beautifulviews of the other landmarks on the site

Vasco da Gama Bridge

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Vasco da Gama Bridge



Off i

i¡

l n¡

¢ £

Ponte Vasco da Gama

Carri¤ ¥

Six road lanes

Crosses Tagus R i¦ er

LocaleSacavém, nor t

§

of Lisbon (r ight bank)

Munici ̈ alit © of Alcochete (lef t bank)

Maintained by Lusoponte[1]

Desi

ner Armando R ito

Desi

n cable-stayed, viaducts

Total len

th 17.2 km (10.7 mi)

Width 30 m (98 f t)

Hei ht 155 metres (509 f t) (pylon)

Lon

est span 420 m (1,378 f t)

Beginning date of

construction 1995

[2]

Completion date 1998[2]

Opened 1998-03-29

Toll

¼2.35 per passenger car (up to ¼10.10

per truck) nor thbound only

Coordinates

38°4532N 9°0219W38.7589°N

9.0387°WCoordinates: 38°4532N

9°0219W38.7589°N 9.0387°W



The Vasco da Gama Bridge (Por tuguese: Ponte Vasco da Gama;

pronounced [põt ) vaku m]) is a cable-stayed br idge f lanked by

viaducts and rangeviews that spans the Tagus R iver near Lisbon, capital of Por tugal.

It is the longest br idge in Europe (including viaducts), and ninth longest in the wor ld,with a total length of 17.2 km (10.7 mi), including 0.829 km (0.5 mi) for the main

br idge, 11.5 km (7.1 mi) in viaducts, and 4.8 km (3.0 mi) in dedicated access roads.Its purpose is to alleviate the congestion on Lisbon's other br idge (25 de Abr il

Br idge), and to join previously unconnected motorways radiating from Lisbon.

The br idge was opened to traff ic on 29 March 1998, 18 months af ter construction f irst

began, just in time for Ex po 98, the Wor ld's Fair that celebrated the 500th anniversary

of the discovery by Vasco da Gama of the sea route from Europe to India.

Contents

[hide]

y 1 Descr i ption

y 2 Construction and cost

y 3 See also



y 4 R eferences

y 5 Source y 6 E ternal links

[edi ] Descrip ioThe bridge carries si road lanes, with a speed limit of 120 km/h (75 mph), the same

as motorways, e cept on one section which is limited to 100 km/h (60 mph). On

windy, rainy, and foggy days, the speed limit is reduced to 90 km/h (56 mph). The

number of road lanes will be enlarged to eight when traffic reaches a daily average of

52,000.

Bridge sections

1. North access roads

2. North viaduct - 488 m (1,601 ft)

3. E po viaduct - 672 m (2,205 ft); 12 sections4. Main bridge - main span: 420 m (1,378 ft); side spans: 203 m (666 ft) each

(total length: 829 m/2,720 ft); cement pillars: 150 m (492 ft)-high; free height

for navigation in high tides: 45 m (148 ft); 5. Central viaduct - 6.351 m (20.84 ft); 80 pre-fabricated sections 78 m (256 ft)-

long; 81 pillars up to 95 m (312 ft)-deep; height from 14 m (46 ft) to 30 m(98 ft)

6. South viaduct - 3.825 m (12.55 ft); 45 m (148 ft) sections; 84 sections; 85 pillars

7. South access roads - 3.895 m (12.78 ft); includes the toll plaza (18 gates) and

two service areas

[edi ] Co s ruc io a d cos

The pro ject was split in four parts, each one built by a different company, and

supervised by an independent consortium. There were up to 3,300 workers

simultaneously on the pro ject, which took 18 months of preparation and another 18

months of construction.

The bridge has a life e pectancy of 120 years, having been designed to withstandwind speeds of 250 km/h (155 mph) and hold up to an earthquake 4.5 times stronger

than the historical 1755 Lisbon earthquake (estimated at 8.7 on the R ichter scale). Thedeepest foundation piles, up to 2.2 m (7.2 ft) in diameter, were driven down to 95 m

(312 ft) under mean sea level. Due to the bridge's length, it was necessary to take theEarth's curvature into account to site the piers correctly, otherwise a deviation of

80 cm (31 in) would be apparent at either end of the bridge. Environmental pressurethroughout the pro ject resulted in the left-bank viaducts being e tended inland to

preserve the marshes underneath, as well as the lamp posts throughout the bridge

being tilted inwards so as not to cast light on the river below.

The cost of the bridge came at zero to the State, as it was built in the BOT (build-

operate-transfer) system by Lusoponte, a private consortium which got a 40-year



concession on the tolls of both Lisbon bridges. Lusoponte's capital is 50.4% fromPortuguese companies, 24.8% French and 24.8% British.

As of 2009, the toll is ¼2.35 per passenger car (up to ¼10.10 per truck) northbound

(into Lisbon). There is no toll for southbound traffic.

In the Network E pansion Plan (PER ), providing the e tensions R ossio - Cais do

Sodré and R estauradores - Bai a-Chiado, the disconnection of the Y e tension of theR otunda and the R ato, and yet e tending to the suburbs and building on that site III of

the PMO.

In 1991, was presented the first prototype of ML90 series, consisting of two triple

units (motor-trailer-motor) of si carriages, with the first one was numbered M-201,

R -202 and M-203.

The April 3, 1993 behold, Campo Grande station opens to the public, along with

sections Alvalade - Campo Grande and CIdade Universitária - Campo Grande, withthis e tension of the metro network grew 3.1 miles. That same month, would come

into operation the two units triple ML90, with digital indicator target and generallymore comfortable, it is noted that these four motor coaches were the only ones to have

a front door to the driver's cab, which was removed already in the second series of ML90. These new trains were built by Sorefame / Bombardier, may move with or

without the trailer.

That was the year 1993 was presented the Network E pansion Plan II, intended to

serve the future World E po 1998, until 1999, the subway would move the following

lines:

y Line A (blue): Pontinha - Terreiro do Paço;

y Line B (yellow): Lumiar - R ato;

y Line C (green): Telheiras - Cais do Sodré;

y Line D (red): Alameda - Moscavide and Campolide - Star-connected station

R ato.

The PMO II would be submitted in late 1994, after eleven years in the earthmoving

and construction, at the end of this year, was eventually commissioned the second

batch of 17 units consisting of ML90 triple (or 51 carriages). On July 15, 1995, the

dream of the disconnection of the R otunda became a reality, the subway in operationnow had two lines: Line A (blue), between the Colégio Militar / Luz and Campo

Grande, through the R ossio, and Line B (yellow), between Campo Grande and the

R otunda. The old station R otunda (R otunda now I) was e tended from 75 to 105

meters and totally refurbished, the new station (R otunda II) already had a dock with

105 yards.

No end of 1996, was completed and delivery of ML90, the second batch numbered

M-207 M-257; colors and materials used in this second batch differed somewhat from



that made up the first. The park of rolling stock was now composed of 191 coaches,80 of them ML70, ML90 54 ML79 and 57. On 18 October 1997, the section would be

opened Colégio Militar / Luz - Pontinha, allowing the network to e pand by 1.6 kilometers, in December the same year it opened the season Mouse, 600 meters from

the R otunda II. However, continued in 1997, orders for a lot of new rolling stock, now

known as ML95, these new coaches have a look similar to ML90 abroad, albeit with

some technical differences like a different engine and electrical control for openingand closing Gates, who replaced the tire on its predecessors. The new logo of the

Lisbon Metro was first inserted into the carriages of the new series, this year, was

handed over half - 19 units triplets or 57 carriages - from the future lot of rolling

stock.

1998 was a year when many of the pro jects were completed Metropolitano de Lisboa,

as early as March the names of four seasons have changed:

y Sete R ios Jardim Zoológico

y Straw Praça de Espanha

y I and II R otunda Marquês de Pombal I and II

y R elief Martim Moniz

Em opened the section R ossio - Cais do Sodré, with two seasons: Bai a-Chiado and

Cais do Sodré, the latter connecting to the interface of the CP rail and river, growing

net 1.4 kilometers.

The R ed Line (Line D at the time) would be inaugurated on May 19, 1998, three days

before the opening of E po 98, the section had a length of 5 kilometers and included

seven new stations: Alameda II Olaias, Bela Vista, Chelas, Plantation, Cao Auburn

and East. It was this line that circulated first si carriages of trains in June of that year,

in order to provide an offer that behaved demand of the metro to E po '98, has

completed delivery of ML95 at this time. The new series was numbered M-301 M-414, being composed, similar to the previous configuration by motor-trailer-motor, in

late 1998, the park of rolling stock of Metropolitano de Lisboa was composed of 305 cars - 80 ML70, ML79 54, 57 and 114 ML90 ML95. In late 1998 the network

comprised 40 stations, having been open to the public in July Cabo R uivo, Bai a-Chiado Plantation in August and November.

In 1999 it opened the PMO III, Pontinha; this event was presented the prototype of the

future lot of rolling stock, now known as ML97, which would consist of 18 unitstriplets (54 cars) articulated. This new series made possible the free movement

between each unit, which is the big difference with the previous, in addition, the

prototype had a more modern image, and also entered the digital automatic passenger

information. According to data of Metropolitano de Lisboa, these triple trailer unitscan be removed, although this has never been witnessed in issue during the year 1999was handed the new batch of rolling stock, numbered M-501 M-554. The park was

the Metropolitano de Lisboa, at the turn of the millennium, with 361 cars spreadacross 80 ML70, ML79 54, 57 and 114 ML90 ML95 ML97 and 54, the largest

number that hit today.

y Opened in December 1959 Original Network in 'Y' Shape; Stations: Sete R ios(Seven R ivers), Palhavã, São Sebastião, Parque (Edward VII Park), R otunda



(R oundabout of Marquês de Pombal), Avenida (da Liberdade, LibertyAvenue), R estauradores (R estorers), Picoas, Saldanha (Saldanha Square),

Campo Pequeno (Campo Pequeno Bullfight plaza) and Entre Campos; y January 1963 New station: R ossio

y September 1966 New stations: Socorro, Intendente and An jos

y June 1972 New stations: Arroios, Alameda (D. Afonso Henriques Boulevard),

Areeiro (Areeiro Plaza), R oma (R ome Avenue) and Alvalade (AlvaladeSquare)

y October 1988 New stations: Laran jeiras (orange trees), Alto dos Moinhos (of

Upper Mills), Colégio Militar (the Military College) and Cidade Universitária

(University City)

y April 1993 New stations: Campo Grande

y July 1995 Disconnection of the R otunda thus beginning a network by splitting

the single 'Y' line in two separate lines (Blue and Yellow), public display of a

new modernization plan that involves the creation of several independent

interconnected lines and a new corporate identity.

y October 1997 New stations in the Blue Line: Carnide and Pontinhay December 1997 New station in the Yellow Line: R ato

y March 1998 Disconnecting the section R estauradores - R ossio; Creation of theGreen Line (Socorro, Intentente, An jos, Arroios, Alameda, Areeiro, R oma,

Alvalade and Campo Grande - common to the Yellow Line), renaming of several stations : R otunda to Marquês de Pombal, Sete R ios to Jardim

Zoológico (Zoo), Palhavã to Praça de Espanha (Plaza of Spain) and Socorro toMartim Moniz;

y April 1998 New stations in the Green Line: Bai a / Chiado (Pombaline

Downtown an Chiado neighbourwood) and Cais do Sodré

y May 1998 Opening of the R ed Line, with 5 new stations: Alameda II, Olaias,

Bela Vista, Chelas and Oriente

y July 1998 New station in the R ed line: Cabo R uivo

y August 1998 New station in the Blue Line: Bai a / Chiado II

y November 1998 New station in the R ed Line: Olivais

y November 2002 New station in the Green Line: Telheiras

y March 2004 New stations in the Yellow line, e tending it to the outskirts of

Lisbon: Quinta das Conchas (Farm of the Shells), Lumiar, Amei oeira

(Kaffir), Senhor R oubado and Odivelas

y May 2004 New stations in the Blue Line : Alfornelos and Amadora Este (East

Amadora)

y December 2007: New stations in the Blue Line terreiro do Paço (Palace

Square) and Santa Apolonia

y August 2009 New stations in the R ed Line: Saldanha II and São. Sebastião II,

first time that all 4 lines are truly interconnected, strengthening the network,

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Vasco Da Gama - no de Lisboa