IoT e Aplicações em Smart Cities: Presente e Futuro

IoT e Aplicações em Smart Cities: Presente e Futuro

Antônio M. Alberti

IOT - INTERNET OF THINGS

“Coisas” que se comunicam, armazenam e processam dados com o mínimo de interferência humana, integradas a rede mundial de computadores.

WEARABLES - VESTÍVEIS

Dispositivos vestíveis pelas pessoas.

Máquinas que coletam dados e atuam sobre às pessoas.

SMART OBJECT - OBJETO INTELIGENTE

Software que representa/espelha uma “coisa” física.

Serviço representante

(c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.

VERY OFTEN, PEOPLE CITE MOORE'S LAW AS AN EXAMPLE OF LAW CAPABLE OF PREDICTING

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTING POWER.

Gordon Moore, 2004.Co-funder of Intel Corp.

(c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.

MORE RECENTLY, RAYMOND KURZWEIL PRESENTED A THEORY FOR TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND A NEW LAW THAT EXPANDS MOORE LAW TO DESCRIBE THE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

THE LAW OF ACCELERATING RETURNS

ABUNDANCE: THE FUTURE IS BETTER THAN YOU THINK

PETER H. DIAMANDIS STEVEN KOTLER

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurologia

DISRUPTION

SOFTWERIZATION UBERIZATION CLOUD, BIG DATA INTERNET OF THINGS

UBIQUITY

DEVICES EVERYWHERE SMART DUST

MINIATURIZATION

CENTIMETER MICROMETER NANOMETER

INTERNET OF MICRO & NANO THINGS

Anders

?

TECNOLOGIAS ATUAIS

ú BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY 4.1

ú IEEE 802.15.4

ú IPV6, 6LOWPAN, COAP.

ú ZIGBEE, MQTT, DDS.

ú NFC, EPC GLOBAL.

ú SIGFOX, LORA.

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY

IETF 6LoWPAN

IETF IPv6

IETF TCP/UDP

IETF HTTP/COAP

ApoioIns)tucional

ú ECOSSISTEMA PARA PESQUISA, DESENVOLVIMENTO E INOVAÇÃO

ú SMART LIGHTING

ú SMART PARKING

ú GERENCIAMENTO DE CHAMADOS

FI-PPP - FUTURE INTERNET PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

ú LANÇADO PELA COMISSÃO EUROPEIA EM 2011.

ú “É DESTINADO A ACELERAR O DESENVOLVIMENTO E ADOÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS DE INTERNET DO FUTURO NA EUROPA, AVANÇANDO O MERCADO EUROPEU DE INFRAESTRUTURAS INTELIGENTES E AUMENTANDO A EFICÁCIA DOS PROCESSOS DE NEGÓCIO ATRAVÉS DA INTERNET”.



FI-WARE

ú É A PLATAFORMA TECNOLÓGICA DA INICIATIVA FI-PPP.

ú É UM “ECOSSISTEMA SUSTENTÁVEL ABERTO QUE UTILIZA PLATAFORMA DE SOFTWARE PADRONIZADA PARA FACILITAR O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE APLICAÇÕES INTELIGENTES EM VÁRIOS SETORES, INCLUINDO INTERNET DAS COISAS”.

FI-WARE

Computação em Nuvem + Armazenamento + Redes de Centro de Dados (com suporte para redes definidas por software).

+Componentes de software como serviços (software as a service). Existe um catálogo com centenas de componentes.

Plataforma de big data (hadoop) da Telefônica.

+ Semântica e contexto

Interfaces de programação de serviços (web services) de próxima geração (RESTful, XML, JSON)

= Arquitetura convergente para cidades inteligentes.

Processamento de Eventos

FI-WARE

Fonte: FI-WARE Overview, Juanjo Hierro, Telefônica Digital, 2013.

FI-WAREFI-WARE IoT-M2M & Context/Management altogether

NGSI IoT Adapter

IoT Backend Device Management Backend

Applications

FI-WARE NGSI-9/10

(entities: things)

(entities: things, other) FI-WARE NGSI-9/10

IoT Broker

Device-level Management API

Context Broker

IoT-enabled Context

Management

Backend

BigData Analysis

CEP

Other sources

FI-WARE NGSI-9/10

Gateway/Device Platform GEs

Direct connection for higher performance

Gateway/Device Platform GEs Gateway/Device

Platform GEs Gateway/Device Platform GEs

Native NGSI IoT Agent Native NGSI

IoT Agent

IoT ConfigMan

25 Fonte: FI-WARE Overview, Juanjo Hierro, Telefônica Digital, 2013.

ARQUITETURA PARA IOT

FI-WARE

FI-WARE: CASO DE USO DE NOVA FRIBURGO, RJ

FONTE: https://www.fiware.org/tag/smart-cities/

FI-WARE: CASO DE USO DE NOVA FRIBURGO, RJ

FONTE: https://www.fiware.org/tag/smart-cities/

User-centric

Self-*, Context

Information-centricService-centric

Software-Defined

SecurityPriva

cy

Nam

ing

Name R

esolu

tionVirtualization

Internet of Things

Exposition, Orchestration

Self-Certifying

Life-Cycling

Prot

ocol

Dev

elop

men

t

Mobility ID

/Loc

Spl

ittin

g

Mngt. a

nd Con

trol

Design Space

(2015)

Networks Clouds= +

Telecom & Internet

IT & Web

“Things” +

Machine to machine& Internet ofThings

+

Identity,Credentials,Biometrics

NOSSO MODELO

NOVAGENESIS O QUE É DIFERENTE?

INITIAL CORNERSTONES

ú NAMING ú LIFE-CYCLING

Future Internet of “Things”: The NovaGenesis Model

can use the NB < Domain 1; Gateway 1 > to represent that Domain 1 contains a Gateway 1. In this context,

name resolution consists on resolving a name to other bound names, i.e. to determine the values behind a

certain key. For example, the name Router 1 is bound to the names OS 6 and OS 7, while OS 6 can be resolved to

Process 10 and Process 11.

Fig. 3. Graph of names and their bindings representing entities relationships in computer systems.

3.1.2. Identification, Localization, and Id/Loc splitting

There is no novelty on using names as identifiers or locators on networking. In fact, this is intrinsic to

information and communication technologies (ICTs). However, the adoption of SVNs as identifiers is more

Antony

AA180972… BFEF1216

…

My Smartphone Image.jpg

01011223…

IDENTIFICATION AND LOCALIZATION

LIFE-CYCLING OF ENTITIES

ú THE PROCESS OF EXPOSING, SEARCHING FOR PEERS, NEGOTIATING, CONTRACTING, OPERATING, AND RELEASING.

AntonyApp 1

App 2

ScalifaxMy smartphone

My tablet

My photos repository app

I have Antony photos!

I store Antony photos!

I have Antony photos!

(c) Antonio Alberti 2015, Inatel - All rights reserved.

EXPOSITION AND DISCOVERY

NEGOTIATION

Let’s work together?



AntonyApp 1

App 2


My tablet


SLA

SLA


INFORMATION EXCHANGING

Here are my photos!

Ok!Here are my photos!

AntonyApp 1

App 2


Meu tablet



PROVENANCE AND TRACEABILITY

AntonyApp 1

App 2


My tablet(c) Antonio Alberti 2015, Inatel - All rights reserved.


Photo <-> Repos. App <-> Scalifax <-> My smartphone <-> App 1 <-> Antony

“THINGS” NEED SERVICES TO REPRESENT THEM TOWARDS CONTRACT-BASED

TRUSTABLE SELF-ORGANIZATION

Proxy/Gateways Controllers/Managers

SERVICES SWARMS

SOCIAL “THINGS” SWARMS

IOT - INTERNET OF THINGS

Smart Convergent Information Architecture

Physical World

Self-Organizing Physical World Representatives

PeoplePolicies, Rules, Regulations, etc.

Self-OrganizingAssistants, Controllers, Managers, etc.

Evolutionary Pressures

Environmental Pressures

The Essence of NovaGenesis Model


Prototype

LIVE DEMO @ SAO PAULO

CAMPUS PARTY JAN. 2015

SCALABILITY@ INATEL AUG. 2015

FIRST TEST@ GENI

SEPT. 2015

Nó#de#Internet#das#coisas##medindo#temperatura#da#sala#

Amostras##de#temperatura#transportadas#sem#TCP/IP,##somente#NG##sobre#Wi<Fi#

Fig. 8. Experimental scenario with: (i) NovaGenesis core services and IoT client application in the left; (ii) the NovaGenesis

embedded proxy/gateway (EPGS) on NXP’s LPC1769 device in the middle; and (iii) a computer with LPCXpressoTM to compile

and deploy the EPGS (plus EventOSTM) image on LPC.

ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s 28FD4420 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 7E764DC1 4D623F20 > < 4 s empty empty empty empty > ]

ng -hello --ihc 0.2 [ < 6 s A4324A2D AB9B70B4 57ECEB4F Wi-Fi wlan0 ac:22:0b:c9:df:3b > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED

8E8B52EC 7EA46815 > ]

ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 1A81A5E3 > ]

Fig. 9. A “hello” message sent by the PGCS to the EPGS.

ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s 28FD4420 > < 4 s 4C7CF9B2 5F472DA7 1A53F830 NULL > < 4 s empty empty empty empty > ]

ng -hello --ihc 0.1 [ < 5 s NULL NULL Wi-Fi wlan0 ac:22:0b:13:01:34 > ]

ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 604007EC > ]

Fig. 10. A “hello” message sent by EPGS to PGCS.

5.2. Exposition and Discovery

In this step, both PGCS and client application expose a set of keywords and SVNs to facilitate discovery. Fig.

11 contains a PGCS log capture with an “exposition” message. The target of this message is the PSS, identified

by the tuple 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 8E8B52EC 7EA46815. Every ng –p –b 0.1 command line publishes a name

Future Internet of “Things”: The NovaGenesis Model

a result similar to the previous ones obtained over TCP/IP. Fi-nally, in Figure 21 it is plotted the mean round trip time (RTT)spend by the RMS to subscribe spectrum sensing objects fromPSS/GIRS/HTS. In the first 9 hours, approximately, the RTTremained linear about 5.2 ms. After, it su↵ered a small increaseprobably due to the large amount of sample files stored at theHTS. All the samples have been stored. As a conclusion, wehave successfully demonstrated a straightforward and innova-tive convergence of IoT, FI and cognitive radio.

Figure 18: Fragment of a TCP segment transporting a spectrum sample in JSONformat from SCC to SSS.

5. Conclusions

This paper presented, for the first time, a successful conver-gence of cognitive radio network (CRN), Internet of Things(IoT) and a future Internet architecture (FIA) called Nova-Genesis. We first report the concept and implementation of alow-cost embedded cooperative sensing and cognitive radio ar-chitecture for IoT applications. The proposed technology solu-tion can be considered potential for wireless sensor networks, inwhich software-control is provided using current Internet tech-nology. Moreover, we have experimentally demonstrated theuse of cooperative spectrum sensing based on energy detectionhas overcome the hidden node problem, which is very com-mon in cooperative cognitive radio networks and for sure willbe present on IoT scenarios. An experimental performance in-vestigation based on packet error rate as a function of RSSI hasdemonstrated the e�ciency and applicability of the proposedCRN approach.

Our second contribution relies on the extension of Nova-Genesis with novel services to interoperate with the aforemen-tioned embedded spectrum sensing and software-control ap-proach. In this sense, we reported implementation of two newfuture Internet services: spectrum sensing service (SSS) andresource management service (RMS). SSS interoperates witha sensing cell controller (SCC), which has a GNU radio im-plementation for determining energy level at channels on 915MHz ISM band. The SCC spectrum samples are sent to theSSS using TCP/IP. SSS translates the data objects from JSONformat to NovaGenesis and publishes them to the RMS (with-out TCP/IP). RMS subscribes the data objects according to theirself-verifying names (SVNes). The data objects are transferred

Figure 19: Fragment of a NovaGenesis message transporting a spectrum sampledirectly over Ethernet.

Figure 20: Spectrum sensing output obtained using NovaGenesis as transportnetwork instead of TCP/IP.

Figure 21: Mean spectrum sample subscription RTT from RMS.

in NovaGenesis messages directly over Ethernet. We demon-strated that NovaGenesis provides an equivalent spectrum sens-ing data objects transport service for IoT.

Our experimental proof-of-concept demonstrates severalnovelties that are typically found only in future Internet re-search: (i) exposition and discovery of next generation wire-less services; (ii) contract-based operation with SLA establish-

13

Amostras((transportadas((sem(TCP/IP,((Somente(NG((sobre(Ethernet(

TCP/IP NG TCP/IP

SCC SSS PGCS

NG

PGCSHTS GIRS PSS RMS

SCC - Sensing Cell Controller SSS - Spectrum Sensing Service HTS - Hash Table Service GIRS - Generic Indirection Resolution Service PSS - Publish/Subscribe Service PGCS - Proxy/Gateway/Controller Service RMS - Resource Management Service

LEGEND:

Figure 14: Experimental scenario for the interoperability test of collaborative spectrum sensing with NovaGenesis.

ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s ... > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 342DD4C5 B8101939 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 449B0B0C 6FDF0A76 > ]...ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 2 > < 1 s 19656CF3 > < 1 s 342DD4C5 > ]ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 1 > < 1 s 19656CF3 > < 1 s Wi-Fi > ]...ng -message --type 0.1 [ < 1 s 1 > ]ng -message --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 28 > ]ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 78A8DC70 > ]

Figure 15: Exposition of SSS keywords and self-verifying names.

ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s 28FD4420 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 342DD4C5 B8101939 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 449B0B0C 6FDF0A76 > ]ng -p --notify 0.1 [ < 1 s 18 > < 1 s 3182F342 > < 1 s Service_Offer_2026721035.txt > < 5 s pub FC0AF0EB 1449F6D8 1C873D85 6D6CEA2B > ]ng -info --payload 0.1 [ < 1 s Service_Offer_2026721035.txt > ]ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 2 > < 1 s 3182F342 > < 1 s B8101939 > ]ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 2 > < 1 s 3182F342 > < 1 s 342DD4C5 > ]ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 2 > < 1 s 3182F342 > < 1 s ED12F3ED > ]ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 9 > < 1 s 3182F342 > < 1 s 0BD95286 > ]ng -message --type 0.1 [ < 1 s 1 > ]ng -message --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 56 > ]ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 63FEFE81 > ]

There is a payload of 971 bytes

Figure 16: Service o↵er from SSS to RMS.

ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s 28FD4420 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 342DD4C5 B8101939 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 449B0B0C 6FDF0A76 > ]ng -p --notify 0.1 [ < 1 s 18 > < 1 s EDD33B4D > < 1 s SSSFile_7.txt > < 5 s pub FC0AF0EB 1449F6D8 1C873D85 6D6CEA2B > ]ng -info --payload 0.1 [ < 1 s SSSFile_7.txt > ]...ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s A65E7906 > ]

There is a payload of 446 bytes

Figure 17: Spectrum sensing data being carried in the payload of a publish/notify message.

12

Serviços)desenvolvidos)para)o)protó1po.)

Cognitive Radio in the Context of IoT using a Novel Future Internet Architecture Called NovaGenesis

Services developed for prototype

Spectrum sensing samples transported over NG/Ethernet

Next Scenario for Cognitive Radio for IoT with NovaGenesis

SCC - Sensing Cell Controller SSS - Spectrum Sensing Service PGCS - Proxy/Gateway/Controller Service RMS - Resource Management Service APS - Access Point Service EPGS - Embedded Proxy/Gateway Service POXS - Python OpenFlow Controller Service

SCC

SSS

RMS

APSPOXS

PGCSTI cc2650

momote

802.15.4

BLE

DOCKER COOJA

NÓS VIRTUAIS

Wi-Fi

ICT Lab Vídeos no Youtube

MAIS SOBRE NOSSO TRABALHO?

www.inatel.br/novagenesisWeb site

www.inatel.br/ictlabWeb site

http://www.inatel.br/novagenesis

http://www.inatel.br/ictlab