Green SpringsLiving Rivers Projectculter.colorado.edu/~kittel/CaseStudy_GreenSpringsLiving...Green...

Green Springs Living Rivers Project

restoring the landscape to protect water

Roberto de Lara Haddadbeto_haddad@ipe.org.br

Green Springs Living Rivers Project

Start: 2007

Objective:

Promover a conservação dos recursos hídricos e biodiversidade através darestauração florestal e atividades socioambientais no município de Nazaré Paulista, SãoPaulo.

Conserve water resources and biodiversity through forest

reforestation and development of socio environmental

activities among the Nazaré Paulista community.

Research Reforestation

Environmental educationCommunity involvement

Supervisor Andrea Imperador Peçanha Travassos

Eduardo Humberto Ditt

Coordinator Roberto de Lara Haddad

Field Assistente

Osmar Peixoto dos SantosDanilo Helio DinizPedro Tadeu Gonçalves da Silva

Environmental Educator

Andrea Pupo Bartazini

Maria Carolina Las Casas e Novaes

Intern2011

Carolina Bueno

Stephanie Gobert

Voluntier

Projeto Nascentes Verdes Rios Vivos em 2012.

Nazaré Paulista

• Foundation: 1676Dados - 2000• Inhabitants: 16 413• Urban: 40% Rural: 60%

• Population density44,12 hab./km²

• IDH-M: 0,746

• GPD per capita R$ 9. 466,25

Firewood and Charcoal

Main Economic Activity (Hoeffel et al, 1999)

General Diagnosis:

19th Century

Significant Impacts on Atlantic Rainforest

Population increase – Agriculture and Animal Husbandry expansion

70’s – Atibainha Reservoir Construction

Landscape changes – loss of habitat

Social impacts – natural resources exploitation

Nowadays – New Residents and Tourism

Threat to water resources and biodiversity

Social impacts – loss of traditional manners

Soil Use Diagnosis:

60 % Anthropogenic Use

• Pasture

• Eucalyptus

• Touristic Structures

• Others Structures

40% Native Forest

Ditt, 2008

Pasture and Animal Husbandry:

The cattle production system does not contemplate soil conservancypractices, with clear signs of land degradation and low biomassproduction;

- Low husbandry production indexes

- Sanitary matter – milk and meet products

- Conservation – forest regrowth and alternative prodctions systems

Eucalyptus: firewood e charcoal:

Main economic activity on town (Hoeffel et al, 1999).

Production expansion – demand x soil use restrictions

Production system doe not contemplate technical and scientificinnovation on forestry

Conservation – use of fire, full harvest and soil erosion

Tourism:

“The scenic beauty associatedwith the presence of remnants of Atlantic Forest near the reservoir is a key attraction fortourists.” (Ditt, 2008)

- Disordered touristic activities:

Land speculation

- Conservation:

Domestic sewageBoats residuesImpermeable soil

Regional Relevancy for Conservation:

Water resources and Atlantic Forest remnants are abudant

on this region, although they are particularly vulnerable due to

the proximity of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region

(Braga, 2001).

* The Cantareira System

* Priority Areas for Biodiversity

* Traditional Urban Nucleus

The Cantareira SystemWater supply for over 10 million people

Six reservoirs,

33 Thousand liters per second

Atlantic Rainforest:

- 13% left of its original distribution

- Home for 90% of Brazilians

- High risk for species extinction

- High risk for natural resources

- Lack of ecosystem services

Priority Areas for Biodiversity ConservationEcological corridor Cantareira-Mantiqueira

Tradional Urban Nucleus

Old colonization – over 300 years

Tradicional activities:

Divine partyPilgrimageSão Gonçalo OfferingCavalcadeOxcartFishingTipical food

Green Springs – Living Rivers

Proposal

An integrated pool of activities planned to

interfere on the main factors that threatens the

water resources, the biodiversity and the

sustainability of the local residents at the

Atibainha Reservoir.

Green Springs – Living Rivers Project

Objectives and Aims1) Diagnose the ciliar areas of Atibainha Reservoir cachtment•Survey watersprings, watercourses and different forms of soil use•Survey of medium and big land mammals •Define priority areas for conservation and reforestation

2) Facilitate the forest recover of the degraded ci liar areas•Cadastrate the landowners interested in recover theis ciliar areas •Build a nursery for native forest tree seedlings and saplings•Plant 60 thousand trees on ciliar areas

3) Disseminate among local communities experiences and conservation practices•Perform Environmental Education activities among local communities•Divulgue the project conservations actions on the region•Make feasible an open forum for relevant social and environment matters on the region

Diagnose the ciliar areas of Atibainha Reservoir cachtment

Survey water springs, watercourses and different forms of soil use

- GIS (ESRI ArcMap) for capture, storage, verification, integration, manipulation and presentation of data. Topographic maps (1979) e aerial photo as source of spatial data

- Period: 2007-2008

- Sponsor: USAID

Results

�10 biggest forest remnants selected

�5 camera traps/forest fragment

�30 days in each forest fragment

�24 hours activity for camera trap

�5 minuts delay between photos

-

Diagnose the riparian areas of Atibainha Reservoir cachtment

Survey of medium and big land mammals

Period: 2008

Sponsor: CENAP, Idea Wild

17 species – 6 Orders e 9 Families

7 endangered species

23 species total (43% of SP)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Esforço Amostral (câmeras-dias)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Nú

me

ro C

um

ula

tivo

de

Esp

éci

es

Riqueza ObservadaJacknife

Results

• Species list for region

• High frequency record for Puma Concolor (21%)

• Data helped the establishment of new Reserves on region

Define priority areas for

conservation and reforestation

Results

- 1 year conducting interviews

- 18 landowners registered

- 45 TACs registered

- Difficulties faced on process:

landowners third partlandowners low commitment

- 6 properties contemplated- 6.000 trees planted

Facilitate the forest recover of the degraded ciliar areas

Diagnose landowners interested in restore their riparian areas

Results

Period: 2008

Sponsor: CATI e MP

Facilitate the forest recover of the degraded ciliar areas

Build a nursery for native forest tree seedlings and saplings

Production faculty: 40 thousand saplings year-round

Production faculty: 30 to 50 species year-round

Period: 2007-2008

Sponsor: Nazaré Paulista City Hall, VIVO, ECOSWIM

• Over 55 thousand tree saplings produced in 2008-2011 period

• 4 young students trained for nursery production carrier

• Environmental Activities for an average of 250 students/year

• Production of medical herbs for Pastoral da Criança

• Modern facilities and equipment since 2011

Results

- Characterization of selected restoration sites

- Isolation of degradation factor

- Implementation of restoration method

- Maintenance of restoration process

- Period: since 2009

-Sponsor: SABESP, BIMBO, DANONE, CORREIOS, SMART

Facilitate the forest recover of the degraded riparian areas

Plant 60 Thousand trees on riparian areas

Results

• Nearly 100 ha on restoration process

• Over 130Thousand trees planted

• Planting days within students, community and partners

• Capacitance of labours to work on reforestation

• 2010 – “ June 5th Award”

Restauração.kmz

• Monitoring evaluation of restoration

- Access of mortality rate, trees development, competitors plants control, environmental and soil parameters, wildlife associated.

- Use of random samples, wildlife survey methodsand soil survey methods

- Landscape, dendrometric, lab and statisticalanalyses of data

- Period: since 2010

Results

• Comparing Key Soil Properties in Reforested Pastures to In-Use Pastures in the Atibainha Reservoir Region of the Mata Atlântica (Carly Faber, 2011)

012345

ReforestedPasture

In-use Pasture

Compactness

Compactness

5

5.5

6

6.5

Reforested Pasture In-use Pasture

pH

pH

0

0.5

1

1.5

ReforestedPasture

In-usepasture

Ammonia

Ammonia

Differences shown in key soil properties between in-use pastures and three year-old

reforested pastures.

Nitrates appearance erraticNo phosphates appear

Results

• Quantifying Success in Differing Reforestation Methodologies in the Atlantic Forest (Pedro Marinotti, 2011)

1ª ETAPA 14 ha 2ª ETAPA 11 ha

Data de plantio Jan-Maio 2009 Jan-Fev 2010

Nº espécies (N=116) 82 106

Espaçamento 2 x 2 3 x 2

Recipiente mudas saquinho tubete

Abertura de covas Mecanizado, manual semi-mecanizado

Adubação base N-P-K + CaCO3 N-P-K + CA + Micro

Adubação cobertura Uréia Flex Organ

Plantio Manual Plantadeira manual

Disposição campo Aleatória Grupos ecológicos

Uso de hidrogel Não Sim

Manutenção Coroamento e roçada Coroamento e roçada

Mão-de-obra Empreita CLT

Mortalidade inicial 12% 6%

Results

• Influência de variáveis físico-ambientais no desenvolvimento de mudas florestais nativas em área de restauração, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo (Filippo et. al, 2011)

Distância da represa melhor explicou as variáveis de desenvolvimento e mortalidade

Distância do fragmento, declividade e vertente tiveram efeitos secundários.

Herbivoria não se mostrou influenciada, apresentando um padrão aleatório de distribuição

Disseminate among local communities experiences and conservation practices

Perform Environmental Education activities among local communities

Lectures

Ecological Games and Plays

Training Short courses

Itinerant “Ecological Tents”

Trees Planting Days

Period: since 2007

Sponsor: Nazaré Paulista, City Hall,VIVO, BIMBO, CR

Results

• Over 4.000 reached through more than 200 socio environmental activities

• Community involvement through capacitance socio environmental actions

• 250 students/year are regularly receiving support from our team

• Projects E.E. component invited to present on Regional Education Council.

VIDEO_TS.IFO

Disseminate among local communities experiences and conservation practices

Make feasible an open forum for social and environment matters on the region

1 Forun at Citycouncil

2 Forun at rural schools

1 Forun at urban school

Results

Back to Reforestation...

Reforestation Activity = PLANNING !

- select and characterize the sites

- isolate degradation factors

- attent legislations

- select methodology

- scale demand of inputs

- scale demand of labour force

- Logistics and operational

- Costs

- Monitoring and evaluation of results

Selection and characterization of sites :

- Area (hectare)- Soil type and fertility- Land declivity

- Soil use- Springs and water courses- Degradation factors

Isolation of degradation factors:

Most common – herbivores- Cattle- Horses- Sheep- Ants

Humans- Fire- Tree robbery- Fishing and hunting- Pollution

Selection of a reforestation methodology:

Total planting

Nucleation thecnics

Regrowth conduction Sowing

Enrichment

Densify

Scale the demand of inputs:

Higrogel

Tools and machines

Fuel and oil

FPI

Replacement pieces

Pesticides

Herbicides

Fertilizers

Seeds

Trees samplings

Cost benefit analysis !!

Throughput for each activity

Number of workers per activity

Workday

Beyond scale there are:

Capacitance and quality of service

Attend Labors Laws

Character and professionalism

Cost

Scale the demand of labour force:

r

- Operational

- Quality of service

- Throughput and workday

- Cost

Field Implantation:

Opening the tree holes:

Field Planting:

- Planting season

- Planting fertilizer

- Planting: manual x mechanized

- Hidrogel

- Cost

Field Implantation:

- Complementary alternatives:

- “Green” fertilizer plants

- Agroforestry systems

- Nucleation thecnics- perch- soil transposition- branch pile- others

- Trees disposal on field:

- Random

- Modular

Field maintenance:

- Replanting

- N fertilizer

- Control of undesirable plants

- Irrigation

- Control of cutting leaves ants

- Frequency of interventions

- Cost

Monitoring and Evaluation:

- Frequency

- Season

- Cost

Basal Area

Heigh

Canopy cover

Herbivory rate

Regrowth plants

Wildlife

Carbon stock

Mortality rate

PRATICAL ACTIVITIES:

When ? TODAY– Leaving After Lunch 13:00 pm

Where ? At Nursery and Resforestion site

PRATICAL ACTIVITIES:

What we gonna do ?

Nursery: Visit and do a seedling process for germination

Reforestation site: Planting and Monitoring

What should I wear/bring?

Wear field clothesWater bottleSun screamHatCalculator/pen/notepadRepellent

PLANTING ACTIVITY: How ?

1) Tree holes are already oppened

2) Tree diposal will be random on the field

3) Use the little tools to move the dirt out of the hole

4) Insert the tree on the hole, centralized

5) Pull back the dirt into the hole

6) IMPORTANT: the tree should not be too deep or too high in relation to the field

1) Pick up the garbage

2) Done !!

MONITORING ACTIVITY: How ?

1) Two groups of students

2) Sample unit of 12mx12m each

3) Measures: height, canopy diameter, stem diameter, herbivory, mortality, phenology

4) Notes on spreadsheet

5) Photo of each plant and take note on photos ID

6) Done !!

7) Home work !!

OBRIGADO

beto_haddad@ipe.org.br