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8/19/2019 Aditivos Reológicos Em Cosméticos
1/17
P U R E I N CO S M E T I C S
Rheological Additives
in Cosmetics
8/19/2019 Aditivos Reológicos Em Cosméticos
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Today’s successful cosmetics products
need the right rheological properties.
And the correct choice of rheological additive
enhances the product in production,
storage stability and application.
ELEMENTIS Specialties rheological additives
for aqueous and non-aqueous formulations
are valuable and proven tools for you to use.
Personal care, skin care, sun careand decorative cosmetics;
single-phase, suspension or emulsion;
all can benefit from
ELEMENTIS Specialties
rheological additives.
P UR E I N CO SME T I CS
Personal Care
Skin Care
Sun Care
Decorative Cosmetics
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Contents
Introduction 2
Cosmetics and Rheology 4
ELEMENTIS Specialties Rheological Additives 6
Hectorite - The Benefits 6
Aqueous-Phase Additives 7
• BENTONE® Hydrophilic Clays 7
Non-Aqueous-Phase Additives 9
• BENTONE® Organophilic Clays 9
• BENTONE GEL® 10/11
• THIXCIN® R Rheological Additive 12
Product Application and Selection 13
Incorporation & Equipment Guideline 14
INCI References 15
Applications Table 16/17
BENTONE®
BENTONE GEL®
NANOX™
THIXCIN®
are trade names of
ELEMENTIS Specialties
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Rheology is the science of flow. Every time a lotion is
poured, a cream squeezed from a tube or a lipstick
applied, rheology is involved. Even when products are
at rest, it plays an important part in controlling
stability and suspension.
Understanding a formulation’s rheological needs
enables you to create the best possible products.
The rheology of a system is described
in terms of its viscosity.
Viscosity is the resistance to flow and defined as:
Shear stress is the force per unit area applied and
shear rate is the resulting velocity gradient.
Cosmetics experience shear rates varying
from 0.001 s-1, from gravitational forces;
to over 20,000 s-1, when a cream is spread or
an aerosol antiperspirant sprayed (Fig 1).
Cosmetics and RheologyStrong partners to create the best possible products
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The way the viscosity changes at varying shear rates
greatly influences the overall product stability and
performance. A material which maintains a constant
viscosity, regardless of shear rate, has Newtonian flow
(Fig.2). Dilatant flow (Fig.2) is a form where viscosity
increases with shear, sometimes encountered in highly
pigmented/filled systems.
Pseudoplastic flow (Fig. 4), also known as shear thinning
behaviour, and typical of many commercial systems,
is when viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate.
Flow may require a specific stress to be initiated. This
particular stress value is known as the yield point.
A system having both shear thinning flow and a yield
point can be described as having plastic flow.
The rate of recovery of a system when stress is
removed is also very important. When a shear
thinning system shows delayed viscosity
recovery, it is described as thixotropic (Fig.3).
This is one of the most important types of flow in
cosmetics. Controlling the degree of thixotropy
enhances the application of a cream, eliminates
dripping of a roll-on antiperspirant or allows
brushmarks in a coat of nail lacquer to disappear,
leaving a smooth film.
Viscosity can be temperature dependent.
Correct choice of rheological additive allows you to
create the ideal flow characteristics (Fig. 1) and
also achieve thermostable rheology.
5
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ELEMENTIS Specialties rheological additives can be
broadly divided between aqueous-phase thickeners
and non-aqueous-phase thickeners.
But it is important to remember the advantages
of oil-phase viscosity modification that can greatly
improve emulsion based products.
ELEMENTIS Specialties additives for cosmetics are
based on naturally occurring materials:
highly refined and beneficiated
hectorite clay or castor oil derivatives.
ELEMENTIS SpecialtiesRheological Additives
for Cosmetics Improving aqueous, organic and
emulsion-based products
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Hectorite - The benefits
Hectorite is a unique swelling clay offering several
advantages. Hectorite’s special properties, compared
with bentonite, are:
• lower iron content
• lighter colour
• higher swelling capacity
• greater gel strength
• no crystalline silica
Due to its small size, platelet shape and large surface
area, hectorite is able to form strong, stable viscous gels.
Hectorite is a very effective thickener of water. Because
of this and its other exceptional properties, it forms the
basis of the BENTONE® hydrophilic clays.
BENTONE® Hydrophilic Clays
BENTONE® MA, EW, and LT rheological additives
provide thixotropy and suspension control to the
aqueous phase.
BENTONE® MA and EW additives form gels by producing
an open, 3-dimensional network of the individual clay
platelets as shown in Figure 5.
The two products are stable across the range pH 6-11
and offer good tolerance to electrolytes.
BENTONE® LT forms a similar network,
but it is strengthened by the presence of a special
cellulose, greatly enhancing stability and thickening
characteristics. BENTONE® LT is stable across a
broader range, pH 3-11, and is also the least
electrolyte-sensitive product.
BENTONE® MA and EW are in compliance with ECOCERT;
The ecological and organic cosmetics standards.
Aqueous-Phase Additives
7
P UR E I N CO SME T I CS
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INCORPORATION Hydrophilic Clays
Wetting
• Medium to high-shear mixing
• Add clay to water before addition of otheringredients
• Disperse at moderate pH
Shear
• Low shear (< 10 ms-1)= long mixing time (> 30 mins)
• High shear (> 15 ms-1)= shorter mixing time (10-15 mins)
Time• 10 minutes hydration before adding other
ingredients
Heat
Water at up to 60°C (140°F) reduces hydration time
It is important to have only unadulterated water
present at the dispersion stage. Surfactants or
electrolytes should not be added until dispersion is
completed
For additional guidance see page 14
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BENTONE® rheological additives are non-abrasive.
The skin feel imparted by BENTONE® hydrophilic clays
is a pleasant silkiness, quite different to that
associated with the majority of cellulose, polymer
and polysaccharide-based thickeners.
Furthermore, as hectorite itself is insensitive to
temperature variations, the BENTONE® products impart
a thermostable viscosity control.
Surfactants can influence the rheological behaviour
of hydrophilic clays.
Non-ionic surfactants, if they are highly ethoxylated,
can adsorb onto the clay surface. This rarely causes
problems either in flow control or activity of the
formulation.
Anionic surfactants can act as dispersing agents and
weaken the gel structure. Alternatives that eliminate
or minimise any problems can normally be found.
However, cationic surfactants interact strongly and
should be avoided.
Organic and silicone-based liquids used in oil andwax-based cosmetics, and as the non-aqueous-phase in
emulsions, benefit greatly from ELEMENTIS Specialties
rheological additives. Outstanding rheological
properties are developed using BENTONE® organoclay
rheological additives in their powder form or,
even better, with BENTONE GEL® additives, their
predispersed forms.
The benefits gained are:
• thermostable viscosity control
• thixotropic flow
• suspension control of pigments and actives
• emulsion stabilisation
• silky skin feel
BENTONE® Organophilic Clays
Hectorite is now reacted with special vegetable
quaternary ammonium salts to produce organoclays
able to thicken and gel organic liquids. The correctchoice of BENTONE® additive is determined largely by
the polarity of the system to be thickened.
Additive Application
BENTONE® 27 V • Intermediate to high-polarity
organic systems such as esters
and triglycerides - for nail lacquers,
skin care, antiperspirants and
lip products
BENTONE® 38 V • Low to intermediate-polarity
organic systems such as volatile
silicones and mineral oil - for
antiperspirants, creams, lotions,
eye products and suntan products
9
Non-Aqueous-Phase Additives
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BENTONE® additives need to be efficiently dispersed
using high-shear equipment and then to be activated
with the optimum level of a chemical activator, such
as propylene carbonate.
BENTONE® organoclays form thixotropic gels by
developing hydrogen bond bridges between the
edges of adjacent platelets as shown in Figure 7.
BENTONE GEL®
BENTONE GEL® additives are optimally dispersed
and activated predispersions of ELEMENTIS Specialties
organoclays.
Benefits include:
• optimally dispersed
• high-shear dispersion not necessary
• no polar activation required
• easy to handle and use
• can be added at any appropriate andconvenient stage in manufacture
A wide range of gels made from various cosmetics oils,
esters and solvents are available.
The use of a BENTONE GEL® enables you, the formula-
tor, to achieve the maximum efficiency from the
organoclay without the need for careful shearing and
activation. On the production scale, time is saved
and the highest degree of reproducibility attained,
leading to potenial cost savings.
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INCORPORATION
BENTONE GEL® additives can be added at any
convenient suitable stage in the manufacturing cycle.
BENTONE GEL® additives are very high-viscosity, shearthinning products. To ensure good homogeneous
mixing is achieved, care must be taken to overcome
large viscosity differentials existing between the
BENTONE GEL® and the other lower-viscosity
components. Choice of mixing equipment and the
configuration within the mixing vessels are critical
factors in developing the optimum performance of
the BENTONE GEL® additive. The use of medium- to
high-shear mixing equipment is recommended.
For additional guidance see page 14
Batch Processing
• Single-Phase Systems
Always add the BENTONE GEL®, under shear,
to a portion of the organic component or solvent
with which it is most compatible. Mix until
homogeneous before adding the other ingredients.
• Multi-Phase Systems (eg. emulsions)
As for the single phase, but always ensure the
BENTONE GEL® additive is thoroughly mixed in
before the emulsification stage.
Continuous processing
The BENTONE GEL® should be added to the oil phase at
any convenient point that meets the above guidelines
for the batch processing. In multi-manifold systems,
a flowable pre-mix of the BENTONE GEL® with acompatible oil or solvent should be made in a side pot.
Where only lower-shear mixing equipment is available,
stir the BENTONE GEL® alone, in a small mixing vessel,
if necessary, and then slowly add the most compatible
component by portions, always ensuring the mixture is
homogeneous at each stage.
11
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THIXCIN® R Rheological Additive
For the highest degree of thixotropy in aliphatic liquids,
THIXCIN® R additive is the product to use. In addition to
its effective rheological properties, it gives water
repellency, stabilises emulsions and acts as a stiffening
agent in lipsticks and ointments. It can also be used as
a dry binder in pressed powder systems.
(Where high-temperature resistance is needed,
BENTONE® or BENTONE GEL® additives are
recommended).
THIXCIN® R is a castor oil derivative. It requires
temperature-controlled activation within the range
55-60°C (130-140°F) and high-shear mixing to develop
its full structure.
THIXCIN® R is in compliance with ECOCERT; The ecologi-
cal and organic cosmetics standards.
INCORPORATION THIXCIN® R additive
Wetting
High-shear mixing
Add THIXCIN® R to oil
Disperse to deagglomerate
Heat
Temperature range 55-60°C (130-140°F)
Shear
Shear for 20 minutes within this temperature range
to activate
Cool
Maintain shear to below 35°C (95°F) when cooling
For additional guidance see page 14
12
P UR E I N CO SME T I CS
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Product Applicationand Selection Choosing the rightrheological additive
Cosmetic products range from pressed
dry powders to suspensions in liquids;
from single-phase solid or liquid
formulations to emulsions. The choice
of rheological additive and level of use
depends on the system and the desired
performance criteria (Table pages 20/21).
The properties imparted by the rheological
additive benefit different cosmetics in differentways. The advantages of using ELEMENTIS
Specialties rheological additives are
not always only the obvious ones, for instance:
Stick products (lipstick and antiperspirant)
• maintain homogeneity in molten and setting stages
• gain improved pay-out
• increase high-temperature integrity
• eliminate oil migration
• reduce “creasing” around lips and eyes
Mascara
• improve film-build
• increase water-resistance
• eliminate oil migration
Emulsions
• elevate drop-point temperatureof water-in-oil creams
• eliminate syneresis
• improve emulsion stability
• enable cold-process emulsification
• create novel viscosity effects
UV Sunscreen
• eliminate ultrafine Ti02 skin-whitening problems
• enhance sun protection factor (SPF)
• optimise use of sunscreen actives
• reduce separation and settlement
Antiperspirant Aerosols
• uniform distribution of active ingredients
• soft and dry skin feel
• significant less whitening
• reduced separation and settlement
13
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Incorporation & Equipment Guideline
Shear Development Low Low Medium Med-high Med-high Very high
Generic Type Paddle Propeller Planetary Rotor/stator Impeller Homogeniser
BENTONE® MA, BENTONE® EW and BENTONE® LT additives – powders needing high-energy mixing
Conditions Suitable only for Suitable for BENTONE® MA,EW, LT additive Suitable for
BENTONE® EW additive BENTONE®
Use highest speeds Use highest speeds and carefully MA, EW, LT
(> 3000 rpm). observe optimum mixer/vessel additives.
configuration.
Order of addition Clean water and rheological additive only.
Avoid addition of surfactants or electrolytes until dispersion completed.
Special factors BENTONE® EW < 5 BENTONE® MA 1500 rpm. adding other
ingredients
by increments.
Order of addition Gel first, then oil or solvent Add gel to portion of oil/solvent Add oil to
in ratio 60:40 gel to oil. under shear. Maintain shear gel stepwise.
Mix and add other until homogeneous.
components in steps.
Special factors Ensure mixture is Ensure mixture is homogeneous at each dilution stage.
homogeneous at each Particulate materials, such as antiperspirant salts
dilution stage until flowable will assist in the dispersion in low-viscosity media.
consistency achieved.
14
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INCI ReferencesAQUEOUS-PHASE ADDITIVES
BENTONE® MA Hectorite
BENTONE® EW Hectorite
BENTONE® LT Hectorite, Hydroxyethylcellulose
NON-AQUEOUS-PHASE ADDITIVES• POWDERS
BENTONE® 27 V Stearalkonium Hectorite
BENTONE® 38 V Disteardimonium Hectorite
THIXCIN® R Trihydroxystearin
MASTERGELS
• SOLVENTS/OILS
BENTONE GEL® CAO V Ricinus Communis, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® SS71 V Petroleum Distallates, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® DOA V Dioctyl Adipate, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® EUG V Octyldodecanol, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® GTCC V Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® HSO V Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® IHD V lsohexadecane, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® IPM V lsopropyl Myristate, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® ISD V lsododecane, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® LOI V Lanolin Oil, lsopropyl Palmitate, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® MIO V Mineral Oil, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® OMS V C11-12
lsoparaffin, Disteardimonium Hectorite, SD Alcohol Denat
BENTONE GEL® OP V Octyl Palmitate, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Propylene CarbonateBENTONE GEL® PTIS V Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® PTM V Phenyl Trimethicone, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Triethyl Citrate
BENTONE GEL® TN V C12-15
Alkyl Benzoate, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® YVS V Mineral Oil, Disteardimonium Hectorite, SD Alcohol Denat
• VOLATILE SILICONE
BENTONE GEL® VS-5V Cyclopentasiloxane, Disteardimonium Hectorite, SD Alcohol Denat
BENTONE GEL® VS-5PC V Cyclopentasiloxane, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate
BENTONE GEL® VS-IPM V Cyclopentasiloxane, lsopropyl Myristate, Disteardimonium Hectorite, SD Alcohol Denat
Some of the products described within this brochure may not be available in all countries.
Please check local availability with your ELEMENTIS Specialties sales office or distributor.
Above list is a product guideline.
BENTONE® EW, BENTONE® 27 V and BENTONE® 38 V are also available as irradiated grades for controlled mircobial content.
Tailor-made products are available on request.
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ELEMENTISSpecialtiesRheological Additivesfor Cosmetics
S t a b i l i t y
S u s p e n s i o n
T h i c k e n i n g / T h i x o t r o p y
T h e r m o s t a b l e r h e o l o g y
S k i n f e e l i m p r o v e m e n t
U V a c t i v e s e n h a n c e m e n t
B E N T O N E ® M A
B E N T O N E ® E W
B E N T O N E ® L T
B E N T O N E ® 2 7 V
B E N T O N E ® 3 8 V
T H I X C I N ® R
B E N T O N E G E L ® S S 7 1 V
B E N T O N E G E L ® C A O V
B E N T O N E G E L ® D O A V
B E N T O N E G E L ® E U G V
B E N T O N E G E L ® G T C C V
B E N T O N E G E L ® H S O V
B E N T O N E G E L ® I H D V
B E N T O N E G E L ® I P M V
B E N T O N E G E L ® I S D V
B E N T O N E G E L ® L O I V
B E N T O N E G E L ® M I O V
B E N T O N E G E L ® O M S V
B E N T O N E G E L ® O P V
B E N T O N E G E L ® P T I S V
B E N T O N E G E L ® P T M V
B E N T O N E G E L ® T N V
B E N T O N E G E L ® V S - 5 V
B E N T O N E G E L ® V S - 5 P C V
B E N T O N E G E L ® V S / I P M V
Highly recommended Recommended
Applications
Properties imparted byApplications ELEMENTIS Specialtiesproducts
Aqueous-phase Thickeners
Antiperspirant Aerosol
Roll-on
Stick
Cream
Deodorant Roll-on
Stick
Eye Cosmetics Shadow Solvent-borne
Emulsion
Pencil
Mascara Solvent-borne
Emulsion
Lip Products Lipstick
Gloss Roll-on
Pot
Chapstick
Make-up Blushers & Foundations
Pressed Powders
Skin Care Creams-O/W
Creams-W/O
Creams-cold process
Lotions
Ointments
Hand cleansers
Sun Care Creams-O/W
Creams-W/O
Lotions
Oils
Covert UV protection
Sunblock sticks
After-sun
Hair Care Creams & Dressings
Shampoos
Conditioners
Nail Polish
P r o d u c t s
Non-aqueous-phase Thickeners
Sample formulation guides are available upon request
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P UR E I N CO SME T I CS
Before using any of our products please consult our Safety Data Sheets.
The information in this publication is, to the best of our knowledge,true and accurate, but since the conditions of use are beyond our control,no warranty is given or to be implied in respect of such information.In every case, caution must be exercised to avoid violation or infringementof statutory obligations and any rights belonging to a third party.We are, at all time, willing to study customers’ specific outlets involvingour products in order to enable their most effective use.
ELEMENTIS SpecialtiesConsumer Products
EUROPE Pegasuspark
De Kleetlaan 12 A, bus 3
B-1831 Diegem, Belgium
Tel: +32 2 790 76 00
Fax: +32 2 790 76 60
e-mail: [email protected]
Technical Centre
ELEMENTIS GmbH
Stolberger Strasse 370
50933 Cologne
Germany
Tel: +49 (0)221 485 2900
Fax: +49 (0)221 485 2910
U.S. P.O. Box 700 - Hightstown
NJ 08520 - USA
Tel: +1 609 443 2500 -
Fax: +1 609 443 2422
e-mail: [email protected]
Visit our website:
www.elementis-specialties.com
Local representative