Convergências e tensões no campo da formação e do trabalho docente

8/15/2019 Convergências e tensões no campo da formação e do trabalho docente

1/869

Ockygvjàkobes g }gks÷gs kc oenxcme icvneêïc g mc }vefeadc mcogk}g0

Eyeabeêïc Gmwoeobckea

Gmwoeêïc e Mbs}ækobe g]gokcacjbes me Bkicvneêïc g

Ocnwkboeêïc

Gmwoeêïc Xvcibssbckea g

]gokcaÿjboe

Gksbkc _wxgvbcv

Xcaî}boes Gmwoeobckebs

Ocagêïc Mbmå}boe

g Xvå}boe mg Gksbkc


2/869

OCAGÊÏC MBM Å]BOE G XV Å]BOE MG GK_BKC

OCKYGVJ ÀKOBE_ G ]GK_ × G_ KC OENXC MEICVNE Ê Ï C G MC ]VEFEADC MCOGK]G0

Eyeabeê ïc GmwoeobckeaGmwoeêïc e Mbs}ækobe g ]gokcacjbes me Bkicvne êïc g

Ocnwkboe êïcGmwoeêïc Xvcissbckea g ]gokcaÿjboe

Gksbkc _wxgvbcv Xcaî}boes Gmwoeobckebs

Vgaeê÷ gs Veobebs g Gmwoe ê ïc


3/869

TY GKMBXG‟ GKOCK]VC KEOBCKEA MG MBMÅ]BOE G XVÅ]BOE MG GK_BKCOCKYGVJÀKOBE_ G ]GK_× G_ KC OENXC ME ICVNEÊÏ C G MC ]VEFEADC

MCOGK]G0 XCAÎ]BOE_ G XV

Å]BOE_ GMWOEOBCKEB_

VGEABPEÊÏ COgk}vc Igmgvea mg Gmwoeêïc ]gokcaÿjboe mg Nbkes Jgvebs $OGIG].NJ"

Ieowamemgs Xb}å jcves

Wkbygvsbmemg mc Gs}emc mg Nbkes Jgvebs $WGNJ"

Wkbygvsbmemg Igmgvea mg @wbp mg Icve $WI@I"

Wkbygvsbmemg Igmgvea mg Nbkes Jgvebs $WINJ"

Wkbygvsbmemg Igmgvea mg _ïc @cïc Mga Vgb $WI_@"

Wkbygvsbmemg Igmgvea mg Ybêcse $WIY"

Wkbygvsbmemg Igmgvea mg Wfgvaækmbe $WIW"

Wkbygvsbmemg Yeag mc Vbc Ygvmg $WKBKOCV"

ExcbcOgk}vc Wkbygvsb}åvbc mg Fgac Dcvbpck}g $WKB.FD"

Ogk}vc Wkbygvsb}åvbc $WKE"

Wkbygvsbmemg Gs}emwea mg Nck}gs Oaevcs $WKBNCK]G_"

Wkbygvsbmemg Igmgvea mg Cwvc Xvg}c $WICX"

XevogvbeOcksgadc Keobckea mg Mgsgkycaybngk}c Obgk}îioc g ]gokcaÿjboc $OKXu"

Occvmgkeêïc mg Exgv gbêcengk}c mg Xgsscea mg Kîyga _wxgvbcv $OEXG_"

Iwkmeêïc mg Enxevc è Xgsuwbse mc Gs}emc mg Nbkes Jgvebs $IEXGNBJ"

Iwkmeêïc mg Enxevc è Xgsuwbse mc Gs}emc mg _ïc Xewac $IEXG_X"


4/869

OCAGÊÏC MBM Å]BOE G XV Å]BOE MG GK_BKC

OCKYGVJ ÀKOBE_ G ]GK_ × G_ KC OENXC MEICVNE Ê Ï C G MC ]VEFEADC MCOGK]G0

Eyeabeê ïc GmwoeobckeaGmwoeêïc e Mbs}ækobe g ]gokcacjbes me Bkicvne êïc g

Ocnwkboe êïcGmwoeêïc Xvcissbckea g ]gokcaÿjboe

Gksbkc _wxgvbcv Xcaî}boes Gmwoeobckebs


5/869

Ocxrvbjd} ¢ 6858 Cs ew}cvgs g cvjekbpemcvgsGs}g abyvc cw xev}g mgag kïc xcmg sgv vgxvcmwpbmc xcv uweauwgv ngbc sgn ew}cvbpeêïc gsovb}e mc gmb}cv+

Cvjekbpe ê ïc me ocag ê ïc Ækjgae Bneowaeme Acwvgbvc mg Ivgb}es Meafgk@ðabc Gnîabc Mbkbp XgvgbveAgbye mg Ibjwgbvgmc Ybeke Agea

Awoîcae Aboîkbc mg Oes}vc Xebtïc _ek}csCvjekbpe ê ïc me Xev}g B mc abyvc . Eyeabe ê ïc Gmwoeobckea0 ockygvj à kobes g }gks ÷gs kc oenxc meicvne ê ïc g mc }vefeadc mcogk}g Ækjgae Bneowaeme Acwvgbvc mg Ivgb}es Meafgk

Cvjekbpe ê ïc me Xev}g BB mc abyvc . Gmwoeê ïc e Mbs}ækobe g ]gokcacjbes me Bkicvne ê ïc gOcnwkboe ê ïc0 ockygvj à kobes g }gks ÷gs kc oenxc me icvne ê ïc g mc }vefeadc mcogk}g Emvbeke Vcode Fvwkc

Cvjekbpeêïc me Xev}g BBB mc abyvc . Gmwoeêïc Xvcissbckea g ]gokcaÿjboe0 ockygvjàkobes g}gks ÷gs kc oenxc me icvne ê ïc g mc }vefeadc mcogk}gAwoîabe Vgjbke mg _cwpe Neodemc! Nevbe Vb}e Kg}c _eags Cabygbve

Cvjekbpe ê ïc me Xev}g BY mc abyvc . Gksbkc _wxgvbcv0 ockygvj à kobes g }gks ÷gs kc oenxc meicvne ê ïc g mc }vefeadc mcogk}gNevbe mc Oevnc Aeogvme Xgbtc}c

Cvjekbpe ê ïcme Xev}g Y mcabyvc. Xca î}boesGmwoeobckebs0 ockygvj à kobes g }gks ÷gskc oenxc meicvne ê ïc g mc }vefeadc mcogk}gMeabae Ekmvemg Cabygbve! Nevbse Vbfgbvc ]gbtgbve Mwev}g

Ocksgadc Gmb}cvbea Eîme Nevbe Nck}gbvc _bayeBane Xesscs Eagkoes}vc Ygbje@csâ Oevacs AbfækgcAîabek Ekke ZeodczbopNevbe mg Acwvmgs Vcode mg AbneNevbe Bsefga me OwkdeYgve Nevbe Igvvïc Oekmew

Xvgxeve ê ïc mg cvbjbkebsNevocs Gyekjgabs}e Eaygs

OexeOgmgocn#WINJ . Xebkga0 Reve ]wxbkenf å

Gmb}cveê ïc gag}v ý kboeAccvbs Ocnwkboe êïc q zzz+accvbs+ocn+fv

Vgybsïc E vgybsïc cv}cjvåioe g jvene}boea â mg vgsxcksefbabmemg mg oeme ew}cv+

IBODE OE]EACJV ÅIBOE

O:99 Ockygvj à kobes g }gks ÷gs kc oenxc me icvne êïc g mc }vefeadc mcogk}g #cvjekbpe êïc mg Ækjgae Bneowaeme Acwvgbvc mg Ivgb}es Meafgk +++\g} ea+^+‟ Fgac Dcvbpck}g 0 Ew}à k}boe! 6858+4:8x+ ‟ $Mbmå }boe g xv å }boe mg gksbkc"

]gt}cs sgagobckemcs mc TY GKMBXG ‟ Gkock}vc Keobckea mg Mbmå }boe g Xv å }boe mg Gksbkc vgeabpemc keWINJ! kc xgv îcmc mg 68 e 6? mg efvba mg 6858+

Bkoawb fbfabcjveie+Ock}g ðmc0 Eyeabeêïc gmwoeobckea ‟ Gmwoeêïc e mbs}ækobe g }gokcacjbes me bkicvne êïc g ocnwkboe êïc

‟ Gmwoeêïc xvcissbckea g }gokcaÿjboe ‟ Gksbkc swxgvbcv ‟ Xcaî}boes gmwoeobckebs+

B_FK0 2:4.47.:769.=9?.4

5+ Mbmå }boe+ 6+ Xv å }boe mg gksbkc+ B+ Meafgk!Ækjgae BneowaemeAcwvgbvc mg Ivgb}es+ BB+ _â vbg+

OMM0 ?:5+?OMW0 ?:+86

Gaefcveme xgae MB]]B ‟ _g}cv mg ]ve}engk}c me Bkicvne êïc # Fbfabc}goe Wkbygvsb}å vbe me WINJ


6/869

EXVG_GK]EÊÏ C ME OCAGÊÏ C

Exvgsgk}encs e Ocagêïc Mbmå}boe g Xvå}boe mg Gksbkc!

ocks}b}wîme mg 9 ycawngs! uwg gtxvgsse e xvcmwêïc mg vgkcnemcsgmwoemcvgs! gn mb gvgk}gs oenxcs }gnå}bocs! ockybmemcs xeve cmgfe}g mes Ockygvj à kobes g }gks ÷gs kc oenxc me icvne êïc g mc}vefeadc mcogk}g0 xcaî}boes g xvå}boes gmwoeobckebs! uwg eock}gogw kcTY GKMBXG+

C Gkock}vc Keobckea mg Mbmå}boe g Xvå}boe mg Gksbkc $GKMBXG"â wn gygk}c obgk}îioc! kc oenxc gmwoeobckea! uwg ockjvgjexvcissbckebs uwg }vefeaden ocn uwgs}÷gs vgaeobckemes ecs xvcogsscsmg gksbkc g exvgkmbpejgn+ Gssgs xvcissbckebs sïc! gn swe nebcvbe!mcogk}gs g mbsogk}gs uwg e}wen kcs xvcjvenes mg Xÿs.Jvemweêïcgn Gmwoeêïc! kes Ieowamemgs mg Gmwoeêïc g kcs sbs}gnes mg gksbkcmes vgmgs xð faboes mc xe îs+

C GKMBXG kesogw mg wn xguwgkc sgnbkåvbc! vgeabpemcke XWO#V@! gn 5246 g 524?! mgkcnbkemc ‑E mbmå}boe gn uwgs}ïc„uwg cf`g}bycw xvcfagne}bpev g mbsow}bv e Mbmå}boe! swe cvbgk}eêïcgxbs}gncaÿjboe g xcaî}boe fgn ocnc e ke}wvgpe mg swes xvcxcs}es xevec oenxc mc gksbkc+ Gssgs sgnbkåvbcs ock}even! ke âxcoe! exgkesocn e xev}bobxe êïc mg ogvoe mg 98 xgssces g mgven cvbjgn ecse}webs Gkock}vcs Keobckebs mg Mbmå}boe g Xvå}boe mg Gksbkc+ Cocvvg!e xev}bv mg gk}ïc! mg mcbs gn mcbs ekcs! gn mb gvgk}gs gs}emcs g sïccvjekbpemcs xcv bks}b}wbê÷gs mg gksbkc swxgvbcv uwg! ke essgnfaâbeikea mg oeme gkock}vc! sg exvgsgk}en ocnc xvcxckgk}gs xeve sgmbev c xvÿtbnc gygk}c+ Dc`g! xcmg.sg mbpgv uwg c GKMBXG â c nebcv gygk}ceoemànboc ke åvge me Gmwoeêïc! uwg xcmg ock}ev wne dbs}ÿvbe mg}vbk}e ekcs mg xgvowvsc bkbk}gvvwx}cs! mgabkgemc gn sgws ða}bncsgkock}vcs ocnc wn gygk}c mg jvekmg xcv}g! ocn e xev}bobxeêïc mgnebs mg uwe}vc nba xgsuwbsemcvgs me åvge+

E ikeabmemg mcs GKMBXGs â scobeabpev cs vgswa}emcs mg gs}wmcs

g xgsuwbses vgaeobckemes ec gksbkev g ec exvgkmgv! c uwg gkycayg!nebs gsxgobioengk}g! e }gnå}boe me cvneêïc mcogk}g! mc gksbkc


7/869

mes mb gvgk}gs mbsobxabkes g mc owvvîowac+ Ocks}b}wb.sg! xcv}ek}c! gnwn gsxeêc xvbybagjbemc mg }vcoes mg gtxgvbàkobes! mg ev}bowaeêïc mgjvwxcs! mg uwgs}bckengk}cs! mg kcyes bmâbes g mg kcyes vg gt÷gs+

C }gne ogk}vea Ockygvjà

kobes g }gks ÷gs kc oenxc mecvneêïc g mc }vefeadc mcogk}g0 xcaî}boes g xvå}boes gmwoeobckebsicb gsocadbmc gn vepïc mc bnxcv}ek}g ncngk}c xca î}boc ybybmc xgaegmwoeêïc fvesbagbve+

C ock}gt}c e}wea sg vgygae xvcnbsscv gn xcssbfbabmemgs mgvgeabpeêïc xvå}boe mg sckdcs ek}bjcs+ _g kgssg ncngk}c xvgsgkobe.sgwn ock`wk}c mg ovî}boes sgygves ec mgsgnxgkdc me gmwoeêïc fåsboekc xeîs! ec ngsnc }gnxc! ockovg}bpen.sg vgsxcs}es bnxcv}ek}gs mcjcygvkc gmgvea ocn e bnxaek}eêïc mc Xvcjvene VGWKB! xvcjvene mggtxeksïc mes wkbygvsbmemgs xðfaboes fvesbagbves! ocn wne enxab}wmgg gt}gksïc `enebs ybs}es xgae dbs}ÿvbe mgssg xeîs+ Esscobemc e gag! ygnsgkmc ovbemes xcaî}boes mg bkogk}bycè cigv}e mg owvscs mg icvne êïcmg xvc gsscvgs }ek}c gn kîyga mg jvemweêïc uwek}c kc ænfb}c me

cvneêïc ock}bkweme g bk}gjveme e gsses xcaî}boes! xvgsgkobencs!ebkme! e mbkænboe mg cvjekbpeêïc kcsmb gvgk}gs Gs}emcs me gmgveêïcmcs ICVXVCIs ‟ Iÿvwks mg Icvneêïc mg Xvc gsscvgs! ev}bowaemcvgsmgsses c gv}es! ocn e xev}bobxeêïc mcs jgs}cvgs mes mbygvseswkbygvsbmemgs xð faboes g mcs sgovg} å vbcs nwkbobxebs g gs}emwebs mgGmwoeêïc+ Ybygncs! essbn! wn ncybngk}c xvc îowc è xev}bobxeêïc meeoemgnbe ke gs}vw}wveêïcmg xcaî}boesgmwoeobckebs!xcvuwgodenemese bk}gjvev gsxeêcs g xev}bobxev ocn e swe xvcmwêïc+ G kgssg ock}gt}c!e vgsxcs}e meme xcv gs}e ocagêïc uwg bk}gjve e vg gtïc cvjekbpememg xgsuwbses g xvå}boes! â gt}vgnengk}g cxcv}wke xeve e ocks}vwêïcmgsses xca î}boes+

E occvmgke êïc jgvea mc gygk}c }cncw e mgobsïc mg swfmbybmbv c }gne ogk}vea gn oenxcs fgn mgikbmcs xeve xgvnb}bv e ekåabsgmes }gkmàkobes e}webs gn oeme oenxc! eycvgogkmc e scobeabpeêïcmcs vgswa}emcs mcs gs}wmcs g c mbå acjc ocn es mbigvgk}gs å vges+ Cs

swf}gnes!gnockgtïcocne}gnå}boejgveamcGkock}vc!mgfe}bmcskcs28 sbnxÿsbcs vgeabpemcs xgacs xgsuwbsemcvgs ockybmemcs ocks}b}wgn efesg mcs 9 ycawngs mgsse ocagêïc! cvjekbpemcs e xev}bv me ock wàkobe


8/869

cw sbnbaevbmemg mcs }gnes cw ngsnc mes kgogssbmemgs } â okboes mgmbejveneêïc mcs ycawngs+ _ïc gags0 Ea efg}bpeêïc g Ag}vengk}c< Ev}g.Gmwoeêïc< Eyeabeêïc Gmwoeobckea< Owvvîowac< Mbmå}boe< Gmwoeêïc

e Mbs}ækobe g ]gokcacjbes me Bk cvneêïc g Ocnwkboeêïc< Gmwoeêïc Enfbgk}ea< Gmwoeêïc mg @cygks g Emwa}cs< Gmwoeêïc mg Xgsscesocn Mgiobàkobe! Ea}es Defbabmemgs g Ockmw}es ]îxboes< Gmwoeêïc mcOenxc


9/869


10/869


11/869

XEV]G BB

GMWOE ÊÏ C E MB_] ÆKOBE G ]GOKCACJBE_ MEBKICVNE ÊÏ C G OCNWKBOE ÊÏ C0 OCKYGVJ ÀKOBE_G ]GK_ × G_ KC OENXC ME ICVNE ÊÏ C G MC]VEFEADC MCOGK]G

EXVG_GK]EÊ Ï C Emvbeke Vcode Fvwkc

]VEYG__BE_ BKYB_ÎYGB_0 XAE_]BOBMEMG! MBIGVGKÊ EG EXVGKMBPEJGN GN VGMG_ VBPCN Å]BOE_ MGICVNE Ê Ï C MG EMWA]C_ GMWOEMCVG_ KC_ ENFBGK]G_ CKABKG Emvbeke Vcode Fvwkc

VGMG_ _COBEB_ YBV]WEB_+ ]GV Ï C GAE_ G_XEÊC KEG_OCAE3_bnïc Xgmvc X+ Nevbkdc

E_ NWB]E_ ]GOKCACJBE_ G E_ NWB]E_ ICVNE_ MGOCNWKBMEMG_ MG EXVGKMBPEJGNYekb Ncvgbve Lgkslb

E BK]GVEÊ Ï C GK]VG EXVGKMBPG_ KE_OCNWKBMEMG_ YBV]WEB_ MG EXVGKMBPEJGN0CXCV]WKBMEMG MG EXVGKMGV G BMGK]BIBOEV]EAGK]C_@csâ Evnekmc Yeagk}g

OCK]VBFWBÊ× G_ ME ZGF 6+8È ICVNE Ê Ï C MGGMWOEMCVG_ _CF GKICUWG MBEAß JBOCAwobae Xgsog

XVCIG__CVG_ WKBYGV_B] ÅVBC_ GN VGMG0 WN@GB]C DEOLGV MG _GVKgasck mg Awoe Xvg}}c

VGIAGT× G_ _CFVG E ICVNEÊ Ï C MGXVCIG__CVG_ XGAE#XEVE GMWOEÊ Ï C E MB_] ÆKOBEKE OCK]GNXCVEKGBMEMG0 OCKYGVJÀKOBE_ G]GK_ × G_Mekbga Nbaa

59?

59=

5:5

52:

65=

6?8

675

6:2

627


12/869


13/869

ICVNE Ê Ï C MG XVCIG__CVG_ XEVE E GMWOE Ê Ï CXVCIB__BCKEA G ]GOKCA ß JBOE G E KGOG__ ÅVBE E]B]WMG MCOGK]G BK]GJVEMCVEVckeamc Nevocs mg Abne Evew`c

ICVNE Ê Ï C MG XVCIG__CVG_ XEVE E GMWOE Ê Ï CXVCIB__BCKEA G ]GOKCA ß JBOE Eoeobe Pgkgbme Lwgkpgv

XEV]G BY

GK_BKC _WXGVBCV0 OCKYGVJ ÀKOBE_ G ]GK_ × G_KC OENXC ME ICVNE Ê Ï C G MC ]VEFEADCMCOGK]G

EXVG_GK]E Ê Ï C

Nevbe mc Oevnc mg Aeogvme Xgbtc}c E G_OCAE G E OWA]WVE MC MG_GNXGKDCXecac Kcsgaae

C IW]WVC MC DC@G G C_ G_]WMEK]G_Mgkbsg Agb}g

C_ XVCIG__CVG_ WKBYGV_B] ÅVBC_! _WEICVNE Ê EC XGMEJ ß JBOE G _WE_ KGOG__BMEMG_ICVNE]BYE_ Eayekbpg Yeagk}g Igvkekmgs Igvgko

Eke Oaå

wmbe Acxgs Odguwgv _evebyeMG_EIBC_ ME OCK_]VW Ê Ï C OWVVBOWAEV GNYB_ Ï C BK]GJVE]BYE0 GAGNGK]C_ XEVE MB_OW__ Ï CAâ e mes Jve êes Oenevjcs Ekes}esbcw

VEKLBKJ_ MG MG_GNXGKDC KE EYEABE Ê Ï CME GMWOEÊ Ï C _WXGVBCV0 ]GKMÀKOBE_ MEOCK]GNXCVEKGBMEMGNev îabe Ocs}e Ncvcsbkb

C KCYC EAIEFG]C MC _BKEG_0 VGIAGT × G_ _CFVGBMM! OXO G BJOVcfgv} G+ Ygvdbkg

=:2

=2:

752

768

762

77?

7:?

728

956

9?6


14/869

EYEABEÊ Ï C ME GMWOEÊ Ï C _WXGVBCV KC FVE_BA0MG_GKYCAYBNGK]C BK_]B]WOBCKEA G UWEABMEMGMC ]VEFEADC EOEMÀNBOC GN UWG_] Ï CNev îabe Icksgoe

EYEABEÊ Ï C BK_]B]WOBCKEA GT]GVKE KC _BKEG_0OCK_BMGVEÊ× G_ _CFVG E XV Å]BOE VGOGK]GNevbe mc Oevnc mg Aeogvme Xgbtc}c

XEV]G Y

XCA Î]BOE_ GMWOEOBCKEB_0 OCKYGVJ ÀKOBE_G ]GK_ × G_ KC OENXC ME ICVNE ÊÏ C G MC]VEFEADC MCOGK]G

EXVG_GK]EÊ Ï C

Nevbse V ] Mwev}g E EYEABEÊ Ï C G E VGJWAEÊ Ï C+ C XVCIG__CV G EVG_XCK_EFBABPEÊ Ï C MC_ VG_WA]EMC_Cajeîsgs Oefvea Newâ s

XCAÎ]BOE_ GMWOEOBCKEB_ G VGJWAEÊ× G_ MC]VEFEADC MCOGK]G Åayevc Ncvgbve Drxÿab}c

OCKYGVJÀKOBE_ G ]GK_× G_ KE ICVNWAEÊ Ï CME_ E]WEB_ XCAÎ]BOE_ XEVEE ICVNEÊ Ï C MG

XVCIG__CVG_ KC FVE_BA0 GK]VG C EVOEFCWÊCKCVNE]BYC G C VG_XGB]CÈ_ OWA]WVE_ GÈ_ICVNE_ MG YBMEBvbe Fvpgpbkslb

OCKYGVJÀKOBE_ G ]GK_× G_ KE_ XVCXC_]E_MG 68820 XCAÎ]BOE KEOBCKEA MG ICVNEÊ Ï C MGXVCIB__BCKEB_ MC NEJB_]ÂVBC ME GMWOEÊ Ï CF Å_BOE G XAEKC KEOBCKEA MG ICVNEÊ Ï C MGXVCIG__CVG_Nejeab mg Oes}vc

GMWOEÊ Ï C BK]GJVEA GN XEANE_ KC ]COEK]BK_0BNXAEK]EÊ Ï C G _W_]GK]EFBABMEMGMekbac mg Ngac _cwpe

975

992

92?

92=

:8?

:?8

:78

::8

:2?


15/869

EENXABEÊ Ï C MG @CVKEME G_OCAEV KC_NWKBOÎXBC_ FVE_BAGBVC_0 XCAÎ]BOE_ G XV Å]BOE_Aðobe Dgagke Eayevgp Agb}g

XGMEJCJBE! ICVNEÊ Ï C MG XVCIG__CVG_ ‟ G EJCVE3 XVCFAGNE_ MGOCVVGK]G_ ME_MBVG]VBPG_ OWVVBOWAEVG_ KEOBCKEB_ XEVE C_OWV_C_ MG XGMEJCJBE_gane Jevvbmc Xbngk}eNevbe Enâ abe _ek}cvc Ivekoc@csâ Oevacs Abfækgc

GMWOEÊ Ï C BK]GJVEA G VGBKYGKÊ Ï C ME G_OCAE0GAGNGK]C_ XEVE C MGFE]G E XEV]BV MCXVCJVENE NEB_ GMWOEÊ Ï C@euwgabkg Ncaa

45?

4?5

47?


16/869


17/869


18/869

5:

wne sb}weêïc scobea! uwg sbk}g}bpe gkýngkcs mbygvscs uwg cocvvgn kckîyga ocjkb}byc g gncobckea mcs sw`gb}cs! nes xgv}gkogn! gn gsxgobea!ec oenxc mc sbnfcabsnc owa}wvea+ Bssc sbjkbioe uwg cs xvcogsscs mg

exvgkmbpejgn g ocksguñgk}gngk}g cs xvcogsscs mg gsocaevbpeêïcgs}ïc mbvg}engk}g ybkowaemcs ès gtxgvbàkobes mg ybme mcs gs}wmek}gsg uwg e vgaeêïc mgsses gtxgvbàkobes ocn es xvå}boes xgmejÿjboesgsocaevgs exvgsgk}en.sg ocnc wn wkbygvsc mg ock}vembê÷gs uwgmgyg sgv mgsygkmemc xgac xvcigsscv g xgae gsocae gn fwsoe mg e ê÷gsessgv}byes ke mbvgêïc mg wn mbå acjc xcss îyga+

E eyeabeêïc sbs}ànboe! xcv cw}vc aemc! â wne ncmeabmemg mgeyeabeêïc! gn aevje gsoeae! mgsgkycaybme kc ænfb}c mg sbs}gnes mggksbkc ybsekmc! gsxgobeangk}g! swfsbmbev xcaî}boes xðfaboes ke åvgegmwoeobckea+ Ocks}b}wb.sg kwn ngoekbsnc xvbybagjbemc oexep mgicvkgogv bkicvne ê÷gs scfvg xvcogsscs g vgswa}emcs mcs sbs}gnesmg gksbkc è s bks}ækobes gkoevvgjemes mg icvnwaev g }cnev mgobs ÷gsxcaî}boes ke åvge me gmwoeêïc+ Â wne gs}ve}âjbe uwg xcmg bk wgkobev e uweabmemg mes gtxgvbàkobes gmwoe}byes g e giobàkobe mcs sbs}gnesgyb}ekmc c bkygs}bngk}c xðfaboc mg nekgbve bk}wb}bye! mgsev}bowaemecw bkswiobgk}g xeve e}gkmgv ès kgogssbmemgs gmwoeobckebs+ Cmgsgkycaybngk}c mg wn sbs}gne keobckea mg eyeabe êïc kc Fvesbaâ fes}ek}g vgogk}g g ebkme xcwoc gs}wmemc+ Cs mgfe}gs xgaemgncove}bpeêïc mc gksbkc kcs ekcs cb}gk}e }vcwtgven es xvbkobxebsuwgs}÷gs coeabpemes kgssg oenxc! ocnc c eogssc è gsocae g euweabmemg mc gksbkc c gvgobme xgaes gsocaes! e mgsbjweamemg mg c gv}eg cs vgswa}emcs jgvemcs+ Eagv}eye.sg scfvg c e}c mg kïc gtbs}bvgnbkicvne ê÷gs xvgobses scfvg cs ocnxcv}engk}cs mcs sbs}gnes mggksbkc g scfvg cs vgswa}emcs mcs bkygs}bngk}cs x ð fabocs gn gmwoe êïc+C NGO $ Nbkbs}âvbc me Gmwoeêïc g Owa}wve" xcv ngbc mc BKGX $Bks}b}w}cKeobckea mg Gs}wmcs g Xgsuwbses Gmwoeobckebs" }gn sbmc c xvbkobxeavgsxcks å yga xgacs xvcogsscs mg eyeabe êïc sbs} à nboe kc ænfb}c igmgveake xgvsxgo}bye mg cigvgogv mbvg}vbpgs xeve es xcaî}boes mg gmwoeêïc kc

xe îs+Ä kgssg oenbkdc mg vg gt÷gs uwg sb}wencs e bnxcv}ækobe mes

xgsuwbses exvgsgk}emes kcs _bnxÿsbcs mc _wf }gne EYEABEÊÏC


19/869

54

kc TY GKMBXG! gygk}c uwg sg bkygs}g mg jvekmg bnxcv}ækobe kgssgncngk}c gn uwg sg mbsow}g c febtc mgsgnxgkdc me gmwoeêïcfåsboe + C sgw }gne ogk}vea!Ockygvjà kobes g }gks÷gs kc oenxc me

icvne ê ïcgmc}vefeadcmcogk}g0xcaî}boesgxv å}boes gmwoeobckebs!ogk}veabpe }gnå}boes uwg }àn es bks}b}wbê÷gs mg gksbkc! es seaes mg

ewae! c }vefeadc mcogk}g g mbsogk}g ocnc vg gvàkobe g! gn gsxgobea!kc oesc mgssg swf }gne! sb}we }vefeadcs mg ew}cvgs vgkcnemcs uwggs}ïc bkygs}bjekmc c oenxc me eyeabeêïc kes }vàs ygv}gk}gs xvbkobxebs0cs xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïc me exvgkmbpejgn! me jgs}ïc mc gksbkc gme gsocae g me eyeabeêïc sbs} à nboe+

Exvgsgk}encs e sgjwbv cs }gt}cs }vepbmcs xeve c mgfe}g meå vge+

Ke mbsowssïc mc }gne EYEABEÊÏC ME EXVGKMBPEJGNG_OCAEV }gncs }vàs }vefeadcs+ C xvbngbvc }gt}c Xcv wneexvgkmbpejgn ‑nebðsowae„ me eyeabeêïc me exvgkmbpejgn mg NeveVgjbke Agngs Mg _cvmb $WKBOENX" mbsow}g c awjev me eyeabeêïc meexvgkmbpejgn ke ogke xgmejÿjboe mc gsxeêc me ewae wkbygvsb}åvbe ge bnxcv}ækobe me vgbk}gjveêïc me ngsne ec ock`wk}c mg oe}gjcvbesocks}b}w}byes mc }vefeadc gsocaev+ Ock}gs}e e aÿjboe w}bab}evbs}e uwgoeveo}gvbpe cs xvcogsscs vgaeobckebs gk}vg xvc gsscv! gs}wmek}gs goccvmgke ê÷gs mg owvsc gn iwk êïc mes vgicvnes gmwoeobckebs e}websg xvcx ÷g e kgogss å vbe enxabeêïc mc cadev mg mcogk}gs g gs}wmek}gs

xeve cw}vcs kîygbs mg eyeabeêïc! scfvg}wmc c bks}b}wobckea! swfabkdekmccs mgsmcfvengk}cs ke seae mg ewae uwg xvgobsen sgv bk}gvxvg}emcsgn wne xgvsxgo}bye bk}gjvemcve+

C }gt}c mg Nevbe me Esswkêïc Oeamgvekc $WI@I" bk}b}waemcEyeabeê ïc me exvgkmbpejgngsocaev0 vbsocs g kgogssbmemgs mgk}vcmc xvcogssc mg icvneê ïc mg xvcigsscvgs ep wne vg gtïc scfvgc sbjkbioemc mes eê÷gs uwg eock}gogn kc ock}gt}c me ‑eyeabeêïc meexvgkmbpejgn gsocaev„! xgvocvvgkmc mbngks÷gs vgae}byes ec e}c mgeyeabevgsgveyeabemc+Eew}cvegk}vgaeêevg gt÷gsocnmemcsgnxîvbocs

xew}ekmc.sg gn gs}wmcs g xgsuwbses uwg gkycaygn xvcogsscs mgeyeabeêïc gn swe bk}gvieog ocn e icvne êïc gmwoeobckea+ Vgssea}ee bnxcv}ækobe mg sg vg g}bv scfvg cs xvcogsscs eyeabe}bycs mg cvne


20/869

52

cvjækboe . wkbygvsbmemg g e gsocae . ocnc xvå}boe cvne}bye g e}b}wmgoc}bmbeke mg ncmc uwg cs cf`g}bycs g ovb}âvbcs w}babpemcs ke eyeabeêïcsg`en mgikbmcs oaevengk}g! gtxabob}emcs g ekeabsemcs mg ncmc

ocgvgk}g e in mg uwg es ngmbmes }cnemes e xev}bv mgssg xvcogsscscabmbiuwgn c eaoekog mcs cf`g}bycs gmwoeobckebs nebs enxacs+C }gt}c Xvc`g}c Bk}gvygk}byc g Xcv} ÿabc0 ocks}vwbkmc e

eyeabeê ïc icvne}bye mg ew}cvbe mg Fgkbjke Nevbe mg Ivgb}es YbaaesFces $WkF"! exvgsgk}e c swvjbngk}c mc Xvc`g}c Bk}gvygk}byc! eêïcgtgow}eme kes gsocaes me vgmg ciobea mg gksbkc mc MI! sb}wekmc csgw cf`g}byc! es swes sbkjwaevbmemgs g es yek}ejgks mg sg ocks}vwbv c xcv} ÿabc mgssg Xvc`g}c+ Mgsovgyg g `ws}bioe e ev}bowaeêïc mes eê÷gsmgssg xvc`g}c xcv ngbc mc wsc mc xcv} ÿabc kwn ock}gt}c mg eyeabeêïc

cvne}bye! mbsow}bkmc es xcssbfbabmemgs mgsse ev}bowaeêïc+ Mg gkmg cevjwngk}c mg uwg gs}g bks}vwngk}c xcmg mev ybjcv g e}weabmemg ecXvc`g}c Bk}gvygk}byc+ Ockoawb ocn e eivneêïc mg uwg e eyeabeêïcscngk}g eaoekêevå xvcxÿsb}cs cvne}bycs sg c xvcogssc cv ocks}vwîmcxgacs xvc gsscvgs!gnoemegsocae+ Xeve e ew}cve! c uwg ep e eyeabeêïcsgv icvne}bye kïc â e bk}gkêïc mcs icvnwaemcvgs mes mbvg}vbpgs mgeyeabeêïc! nes e xvå}boe oc}bmbeke mcs xvc gsscvgs+

C mgfe}g mc }gne EYEABEÊÏ C ME GMWOEÊÏ C FÅ_BOEG JG_] Ï C ME_ G_OCAE_sg ep xcv ngbc mcs }gt}cs sgjwbk}gs+Eyeabeê ïc bks}b}wobckea mg uweabmemg xc}gkobeabpeme xgaexev}bobxeê ïc mcs y å vbcs sgjngk}cs me gsocae mg Nevbe Nevobe_bjvbs} Neaeyesb $WKBOENX" vgeabpe wne vg gtïc eogvoe me uweabmemggtbs}gk}g ke Gmwoeêïc Fåsboe mg kcssc xeîs g mg ocnc gsse uweabmemg}gn sbmc ocnxvggkmbme gn kcsses gsocaes xcv }cmcs euwgagsvgsxcksåygbs xgae abmgvekêe g scabmbioeêïc mcs Xvc`g}cs Xgmejÿjbocsgsocaevgs gn owvsc+ Mbsow}g es ockogxê÷gs uwg gs}ïc e}vgaemes èuweabmemg mgsg`eme xeve es gsocaes g xeve uwgn gaes gs}ïc xcs}es!eaân mes ocksguñàkobes me bnxaek}eêïc mg wn ncmgac cw xemvïcmg uweabmemg mgikbmc g bnxaek}emc gn gmwoeêïc+ _gjwkmc e ew}cve!

e uweabmemg mc gksbkc g mes xvå}boes xgmejÿjboes emguwemes xcmgjgvev mbigvgk}gs mgsgnxgkdcs gsocaevgs sg es gsocaes agyevgn gnock}e e vgeabmemg mg oeme wn mcs gs}wmek}gs g es ockmbê÷gs kcs


21/869

68

uwebs cocvvg sgw exvgkmbpemc+ Xcv bssc mgygn sgv ocksbmgvemes}cmes es xcssîygbs bk}gv eogs gk}vg e gsocae! e ocnwkbmemg g sgwgk}cvkc+ Oefg e gsocae! xcv}ek}c! e }evg e mg ewtbabev c jvekmg

ock}bkjgk}g xcxwaeobckea fvesbagbvc uwg xvgobse mg jgs}cvgs xvgsgk}gsg ocnxvcng}bmcs! xvc gsscvgs nc}byemcs! ocnwkbmemg bksgvbmekcs xvc`g}cs gsocaevgs! enîabes eocadbmes g vgsxgb}emes g! xcv in!xcaî}boes xðfaboes gmwoeobckebs sâvbes! uwg xcmgn epgv mb gvgkêe kcsxvÿtbncs }gnxcs+

C }gt}c mg _ekmve N+ Pålbe A+ _cwse $W_X g WKBOBM._X" }vepe sgjwbk}g bkmejeêïc gn sgw }î}wac0Eyeabeê ïc0 me xgmejcjbe mevgxg}à kobeè xgmejcjbe me ockocvv à kobe3 ]ve}e mes vgae ê÷gs gk}vgeyeabeêïc g jgs}ïc! ocksbmgvekmc eajwks cocs uwg sg gk}vgovwpen kcoc}bmbekc gsocaev! uwebs sgèn0 eyeabeêïc me exvgkmbpejgn! eyeabeêïcmg mgsgnxgkdc mcs eawkcs g eyeabe êïc mg mgsgnxgkdc mcogk}g+Baws}ve ock}bkwbmemgs g mgsmcfvengk}cs vgae}bycs ec sbjkbioemcme eyeabeêïc ke gsocae fåsboe! vgeaêekmc uwg }ek}c e xgmejcjbeme vgxg}àkobe uwek}c e xgmejcjbe me ockocvvàkobe }gkmgn e sgv bkocvxcvemes ke jgs}ïc me gsocae gn wne scobgmemg oexb}eabs}e! gnuwg e bmâbe mc nâvb}c â xvgsgk}g+

@å c }gt}c mg @csâ Ivekobsoc _cevgs $WINJ" g Pelbe BsnebaDeodgn $Ngs}vekme gn _cobcacjbe ‟ WINJ"! bk}b}waemcJve}bioeêïcxeve xvcigsscvgs g iwkobckå vbcs mg gsocaes mg gmwoeê ïc f å sboe0xvcxcs}e mg bkmboemcv!}gn xcv cf`g}byc xvcxcv wne cvne xeve cxejengk}c mg wne xev}g yevb å yga ke vgnwkgve êïc mcs xvcigsscvgsg wkobckåvbcs mg gsocaes mg gmwoeêïc fåsboe uwg ock}gnxag }ek}cc exvgkmbpemc mcs eawkcs! uwek}c c gs cvêc mcs xvc gsscvgs g

wkobckåvbcs+ C }gt}c ybse swfsbmbev e ocks}vwêïc mg wn sbs}gnemg vgnwkgveêïc yevbåyga uwg e}bkè }cmes es gsocaes! xvcxckmc!xvcxcvobckeangk}g! wn bkmboemcv mg ngvgobngk}c! owè mgikbêïcâ c cf`g}c ða}bnc mgssg gs}wmc+ Gssg bkmboemcv mg ngvgobngk}cocksbmgve xvbngbvengk}g c exvgkmbpemc mcs eawkcs mes gsocaes!

vgjbs}vemc kes swes xvciobàkobes cf}bmes gn }gs}gs xemvckbpemcs mgAîkjwe Xcv}wjwgse g Ne}gnå}boe! cxêïc uwg vg g}g e bmâbe mg uwg cexvgkmbpemc mcs eawkcs â e xvbkobxea iwkêïc me gsocae mg gmwoe êïc


22/869

65

fåsboe+ Eaân mbssc! ocksbmgve c gs cvêc kgogssåvbc xeve e cf}gkêïcmgssg vgswa}emc `å uwg es gsocaes }vefeaden ocn eawkemcs mgoeveo}gvîs}boes mb gvgk}gs uwg xcmgn eobab}ev cw mbiowa}ev c }vefeadc

me gsocae+Kc ænfb}c mes mbsowss ÷gs scfvg Es xcaî}boes mg eyeabeê ïc g

e uweabmemg mc gksbkc!c }gt}cC exvgkmbpemc me ne}gnå }boe kesgsocaes me xgsuwbse jgvgs!mg ew}cvbe mg Kbjga Fvcclg $ WINJ"g Ekmvâe Ejwbev $WINJ" mbsow}g c wsc me eyeabeêïc gt}gvke xevee bmgk}bioeêïc mg e}cvgs uwg bk wgkoben e uweabmemg mc gksbkc!bkoawbkmc c }vefeadc mc xvc gsscv+ Gk}vg es mbiowamemgs gn e}vbfwbv ecxvc gsscv e vgsxcksefbabmemg xgac kîyga mg vgkmbngk}c mcs eawkcs!gkock}ve.sg e ea}e mg bk cvneêïc scfvg c xck}c mg xev}bme mcs eawkcsgn }gvncs me exvgkmbpejgn xvgybengk}g eownwaeme+ E xgsuwbseJGVG_!vgoânockoawîme!ncs}veuwgdåmb gvgkêeskcxck}cmgxev}bmeg kc vb}nc mg xvcjvgssc mg eawkcs mg gsocaes x ð faboes g xvbyemesgn Agb}wve g Ne}gnå}boe+ Odene e e}gkêïc wne mgseogagveêïc kcvb}nc mg exvgkmbpejgn gn Ne}gnå}boe mcs eawkcs me gsocae xðfaboeec ackjc me 6 sâvbg+ Ocn gs}e mgseogagveêïc! e mb gvgkêe kcsvgswa}emcs nâmbcs mes vgmgs xðfaboe g xvbyeme ewngk}en+ Ngsncocn e vg}cneme me exvgkmbpejgn gn Ne}gnå}boe ke sâvbg sgjwbk}g!c ewngk}c ke mgsyek}ejgn mcs eawkcs me gsocae x ð faboe sg xgvxg}we+

Cs xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïc gsocaev gkock}ven.sg kc abnbev mes ock}vembê÷gs scobebs+ Xvcmwpgn ockdgobngk}cs! vgockdgognmgsbjweamemgs g mb gvgkêes! nes xcmgn! xevemcteangk}g! gs}ev esgvybêcmesgagêïcgmegtoawsïccwesgvybêcmeaw}exgaeexvgkmbpejgng xgae bkoawsïc+ Kgssg ock}gt}c! e xvcmwêïc }gÿvboe exvgsgk}emexgacs xgsuwbsemcvgs }cvke.sg gt}vgnengk}g bnxcv}ek}g xeve uwgxcssencs gs}efgagogv wn mb å acjc mgksc ocn ybs}es è ocks}vwêïc mgxcaî}boes g xvå}boes gmwoeobckebs kc xeîs uwg xgvnb}en e ockscabmeêïcmc xvcogssc mg mgncove}bpeêïc mc gksbkc! me exvgkmbpejgn g mcmbvgb}c è gsocae mg uweabmemg+

Ækjgae Bneowaeme Acwvgbvc mg Ivgb}es MeafgkXvgsbmgk}g me Ocnbssïc Obgk}îioe mc _wf}gne Eyeabeêïc


23/869

66

XCV WNE EXVGKMBPEJGN ‑NEBÐ_OWAE„ME EYEABEÊÏ C ME EXVGKMBPEJGNNeve Vgjbke Agngs Mg _cvmb

WKBOENX

BK]VCMWÊÏ C

Nwb}es sïc es uwgs}÷gs gkycaygkmc c oc}bmbekc gsocaev scfvges uwebs cs gmwoemcvgs mbygvjgn essbn ocnc sïc bkðngves g! uwesgsgnxvg! bkockobabåygbs es vep÷gs uwg exvgsgk}en xeve `ws}bioev esmbiowamemgs mg ocksgksc+ Owvbcsengk}g gs}gs e}cvgs ockygvjgnuwekmc e uwgs}ïc vg gvg.sg è ocnxagtbmemg mc gkýngkc me eyeabeêïc

me exvgkmbpejgn+Bkmgxgkmgk}g me xvc wkmbmemgmg ekåabsg uwg epgncw me aÿjboe uwg wsen xeve `ws}bioev es vep÷gs mgs}e ocnxagtbmemgdå eocvmc uwg e eyeabeêïc â wne oe}gjcvbe xev}bowaevngk}g gsxgobeag å vbme+

Es cvnes xvå}boes mg abmevgn ocn e eyeabeêïc! kcgk}ek}c! yca}en e vg g}bv cs mb gvgkobemcs xcsbobckengk}cs â}boc.gxbs}gncaÿjbocs uwg gnfesen es gsocades exevgk}gngk}g }âokboesuwg epgn g uwg sïc jgvemcves mg fce xev}g mes mbiowamemgs uwggtxgvbngk}en+ Ocnc sg xgvogfg! bmgk}bioen.sg kes mbiowamemgs gmbs}ekoben.sg kes gygk}webs cvnes mg swxgveêïc mgs}es+ Bssc mgygsbjkbioev eajwne ocbse+

Gs}es mbiowamemgs kïc sïc gtoawsbyes me xgmejcjbewkbygvsb}åvbe! nes kgs}g oenxc jekden ywa}c memc è ea}e mgxvgxeveêïc xgmejÿjboe uwg kcvneangk}g eocnxekde cs xvcissbckebsuwg xessen e esswnbv vgsxcksefbabmemgs mcogk}gs ocnc wne mgswes åvges mg e}weêïc+ Bksgvgn.sg kc oenxc me cvneêïc }vepgkmcsgws sefgvgs gtxgvbgkobebs g xvcissbckebs! xcvân kgn sgnxvgeocnxekdemcs mcs sefgvgs xgmejÿjbocs+ Bjweangk}g }gkmgn e sgybkowaev ec xvc`g}c xgmejÿjboc mg wn owvsc! kgn sgnxvg ocksobgk}gsmg uwg gs}e xvgvvcje}bye bnxaboe vgsxcksefbabmemgs g ocnxvcnbsscsocn wne oewse nebcv e uwg mgygn sg owvyev sgws sefgvgs g


24/869

6?

ocnxg} à kobes bkmbybmwebs+ E ockijwveêïc vejngk}eme g gksbngsneme mc xvcogssc mg

}vefeadc uwg }gn oeveo}gvbpemc e xgmejcjbe wkbygvsb}åvbe bk}gv gvg

ke cvjekbpeêïc mcs e}cvgs bnxaboemcs ocn c xvc`g}c mg wn owvsc gxvgobse sgv ock}gs}eme+ ]cvke.sg ebkme nebs mgaboeme g xvgngk}ggs}e }veks cvneêïc mes fesgs mc }vefeadc xgmejÿjboc uwekmc gs}gxvg}gkmg sgv bkcyemcv g bnbsowbv.sg ocnc xcssbfbabmemg mg swxgveêïcxevembjnå}boe+ E fwsoe mg wne cvneêïc uwg mbeacjwg ocn csxvcfagnes scobebs me ock}gnxcvekgbmemg g uwg vgk}g e gs}gs sgxcsbobckg ocn oaevgpe mekmc sws}gk}e êïc â }boe xeve xvcxcsbê÷gsockovg}es kcs mb gvgk}gs gsxeêcs gmwoe}bycs â uwg vgygaevå eswfs}ek}bybmemg mes bkcyeê÷gs mg wn xvc`g}c xgmejÿjboc+

Wn fcn xvc`g}c gmwoe}byc . ocnxvggkmbmc ocnc xvcogsscefvekjgk}g g ocnxvcng}bmc ocn c mgsgkycaybngk}c xagkc $}âokboc gdwnekc" mcs gs}wmek}gs . vguwgv uwg e xgvsxgo}bye nckcmbsobxabkev sg`e wa}vexesseme! vgmgikbkmc cs abnb}gs mc }gvvb}ÿvbc mg bkjgvàkobe gxvc}ejckbsnc mg oeme sw`gb}c kc oenxc me xgmejcjbe wkbygvsb}åvbe+Ocnc xev}bobxgs mg eajc nebs enxac! xvgobsen sg ocacoev e sgvybêcmg wn xvc`g}c#xvcogssc xgmejÿjboc uwg vgoaene xcv ocnxg}àkobesocag}byes g oexeobmemgs mg ew}c.cvjekbpeêïc gk}vg cw}ves $XB_]VEL!6885"+

Pefeape $688=" eovgsogk}e uwg wn mcs mbagnes ybybmcs xgacsmcogk}gs wkbygvsb}åvbcs â mgsacoev c gbtc me ‑ cvneêïc ogk}vemekc gksbkc„ xeve wne ‑ cvneêïc ogk}veme ke exvgkmbpejgn„+ ‑Cbnxcv}ek}g kïc â uwg sg eag cw gtxabuwg fgn cs ock}gðmcs0 cbnxcv}ek}g â ocnc gags sïc gk}gkmbmcs! cvjekbpemcs g bk}gjvemcsgn wn ock`wk}c sbjkbioe}byc mg ockdgobngk}cs g defbabmemgs kcyes$x+579"„+Ogv}engk}g mgs}e nwmekêe! cw}vesxcmgvben sg cvbjbkev gk}vges uwebs e xvcmwêïc mg wne kcye vgaeêïc mg gs}wmek}gs g xvc gsscvgsocn e eyeabeêïc! gk}gkmgkmc.e ocnc vgowvsc mg ngmbeêïc gk}vg sgwsxck}cs mg sefgvg sgws xck}cs mg ‑kïc.sefgv ebkme„+ Gkvbuwgobmcs xgae

bk}gksbmemg mes }vcoes bk}gvswf`g}byes uwg xcmgn sgv eycvgobmes xgaecvnemg }vefeadc xgmejÿjboc xeo}weme!es sb}weê÷gsmg exvgkmbpejgn

xcmgvben kïc mgsxgvmbêev cs ncngk}cs mg eyeabeêïc bkoawbkmc.cs


25/869

6=

ocnc }gnxcs#gsxeêcs gn uwg }enfân sg gksbke g exvgkmg+Uweauwgv }vefeadc gsocaev ocnc e}bybmemg uwg vgðkg mb gvgk}gs

e}cvgs scobebs â eig}emc xgaes bkðngves g mbygvses ockogx ê÷gs

ek}vcxcaÿjboes! jkcsbcaÿjboes g â}boc.xcaî}boes uwg gs}gs oevvgjen gocks}b}wgn.sg ck}g mg ock vck}c bkyevbeygangk}g+ Bssc eovgsogk}eocnxagtbmemg ec xvcogssc mg gksbkc.exvgkmbpejgn }veksogkmgkmccsesxgo}cs bks}vwngk}ebs me uwgs}ïc! scfvg}wmc kc oenxc me eyeabeêïc+

_wvjg me î e kgogssbmemg mg ocks}vwêïc mg eocvmcs n îkbncsxeve uwg sg feabpgn es nbovcmgobs÷gs uwg sïc }cnemes! sgn es uwebssg xcmg ocnxvcng}gv e ‑gioåobe„ scobea mg wn xvc`g}c xgmejÿjboc+ Cwsc exevgk}gngk}g ock}vemb}ÿvbc mc }gvnc gioåobe scobea â esswnbmckgs}g }gt}c bk}gkobckeangk}g g xvg}gkmg ock}vexcv.sg ec vgmwobckbsncmg sg aw}ev xcv wne gioåobe uwg sg cvbgk}g sbnxagsngk}g xgae aÿjboew}bab}evbs}e mc ngvoemc+ Då cw}vcs ocnxvcnbsscs bnxaboemcs kcsgsxeêcs gmwoe}bycs uwg defb}encs g gs}gs kcs cfvbjen e }cnev xcsbê÷gs uwg kïc sg ock}gk}gn gn sgv exgkes mgkwkobemcves mgwne uweabmemg gmwoeobckea ease kes xvgnbsses mg }veks cvneêïcscobea uwg ekwkobe kcs }gt}cs mcs xvc`g}cs xgmejÿjbocs mcs owvscs!icvneangk}g mcowngk}emcs+

Ocksbmgvekmc uwg e eyeabeêïc â wne oe}gjcvbe cv}g kc oenxcmes mgobs÷gs xgmejÿjboes! meme e vgxgvowssïc uwesg bngmbe}e keybme mcs gs}wmek}gs! gk}gkmgncs uwg gs}e xvgobse jekdev nebcv }veksxev à kobe kc oenxc mes vgae ê÷gs gk}vg xvcigsscvgs g eawkcs kcsgsxeêcs gmwoe}bycs+E mg gseme bnxcv}ækobe mgs}g xeo}c mg ‑uweabmemgkgjcobeme„ $FCKMBCAB! 688=" sg enxabe meme e ogk}veabmemg uwg eeyeabeêïc }gn cowxemc }enfân g! scfvg}wmc kc oenxc mes xcaî}boesgmwoeobckebs+

E eyeabeêïc gtgvog ea}e cvêe bkmw}cve kes cvnes mg ejbv mgxvcigsscvgs g gs}wmek}gs g me scobgmemg gn jgvea+ Gsicv êcs kcsgk}bmc mg gk}gkmgv#mgsygaev cncmws cxgvekmb me eyeabeêïc mgk}vc g

cve me seae mg ewae! mgk}vc g cve me gsocae sïc vguwgvbmcs mg ncmc

e vgovbev xcssbfbabmemgs mg uwg gs}e e}bybmemg vgowxgvg c xc}gkobeagmwoe}byc uwg adg â bkgvgk}g+

E owa}wve mg eyeabeêïc uwg xcsswîncs }gkmg e sgv vgxvcmwpbme


26/869

67

eovb}boengk}g ocnc sg dcwygssg wne ðkboe cvne mg gs}e sgv ybybme!xve}boeme! gksbkeme+ Bssc kcs mgseie e vg g}bv scfvg e cvne ocnckcs cvjekbpencs cve xeve eyeabevncs cve xeve sgvncs eyeabemcs

bkmejekmc e uwg g e uwgn }gn sgvybmc gs}e aÿjboe+ E eyeabeêïc â ogv}engk}g wne mes oe}gjcvbes nebs vgive} å vbesè nwmekêe+ _gn uwg e eyeabeêïc sg vgbkygk}g! kïc då ocncgsxgvev ea}gveê÷gs ke cvneêïc wkbygvsb}åvbe! ioekmc c mbsowvscbkcyemcv mc Xvc`g}c Xgmejÿjboc $XX" ockmgkemc e sgv ag}ve ncv}e+Cs}gksbyengk}g xvgsgk}g kcs mcowngk}cs mg wn owvsc! ke xvå}boexcmg ioev mgsxcsswîmc mg gkgvjbe }veks cvnemcve sg e eyeabeêïc kïcsg vgockijwvev+

Xgvvgkcwm $522?" emncgs}e uwg! gn jgvea! cs xvc gsscvgseogb}en eaev scfvg g vgxgksev nwb}cs esxgo}cs mg sgw }vefeadc! xcvânsbk}g}bpe uwg ec sg }coev kc gkýngkc me eyeabeêïc! mbsxeve.sg c sbkeamg eagv}e ‑kïc ngten ke nbkde eyeabeêïc%„ uwg bk}gvmb}e c mbåacjcek}gvbcvngk}g bkbobemc+ Gs}e owa}wve kïc sg vgs}vbkjg ecs mcogk}gs+Bjweangk}g cs gs}wmek}gs vgejgn e nwmek êes ke eyeabe êïc xcv nebsuwg mgkwkobgn swe bkse}bs eêïc ocn c cvne}c ybjgk}g+

Bsscagyee uwg kïckcs swvxvggkmencsnebsocn e ockybyàkobe‑enbjåyga„ $kgn sgnxvggtxaîob}e" mg mcbs xvc`g}cs kc ænfb}cmg kcsscsowvscs#BG_0 wn cvnea g cw}vc vgea+ Gs}g! uwesg sgnxvg xgvxessemcxcv aÿjboes mc xessemc! ebkme uwgxvg}gksengk}g yca}emc xeve c w}wvcg xeve e }veks cvneêïc me vgeabmemg uwg euwgag xvcng}g vgeabpev+ Wncadev xeve cs xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïc uwg sïc mgsgkycaybmcs kc ænfb}cmgs}gs xvc`g}cs ockivnevå e ock}vembêïc xgv cvne}bye vg gvbme+ Då wnmbsowvsc xvcjvgssbs}e scfvg e eyeabeêïc uwg kïc sg vgygae xvgsgk}gkes cvnes mg eyeabeêïc xve}boemes uwg }gkmgn e kïc sg e es}ev mcybâs oaessbioe}ÿvbc! gtoawmgk}g g mbsobxabkemcv+

Ock}vembê÷gs ocnc gs}es kgogssb}en mg xvcfagne}bpeêïc!vg gtïc g mbsxcsbêïc xeve nwmekêe xeve uwg e eyeabeêïc meexvgkmbpejgn wkbygvsb}åvbe sbk}ckbpg.sg ocn c bmgåvbc mc xvc`g}c

xgmejÿjboc mcs owvscs+ Då uwg sg $vg" exvgkmgv e cadev e eyeabeêïcxeve ngadcvev es ockmb ê÷gs mg xvcmwêïc mg kcycs xvcogsscseyeabe}bycs! oexepgs! bkoawsbyg! mg gksbkev cs gs}wmek}gs e exvgkmgv


27/869

69

ocn g ke eyeabeêïc! vgs}efgagogkmc swes xcssbfbabmemgs cvne}byes+

ME_ IVCK]GBVE_È _ BK]GVIEOG_0 $VG" EXVGKMGKMC E

CADEV E EYEABEÊÏ

C

]gncs ybs}c uwg mcogk}gs g gs}wmek}gs xevgogn kïc jcs}ev me eyeabeêïc uwg xve}boen ebkme uwg ock}bkwgn e eogb}ev es vgjvesmc `cjc $DEM@B! 522="+ Gybmgk}gngk}g gs}e xcs}wve mgseogagve esodekogs mg }veks cvneê÷gs swfs}ek}byes kcs xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïc+

E eyeabeêïc me exvgkmbpejgn xvgobse sgv ocnxvggkmbme ocncoe}gjcvbe mc }vefeadc xgmejÿjboc mg ncmc e ownxvbv swe ikeabmemggmwoe}bye+ Gs}e xcs}wve bnxaboe wn cadev enxabemc xeve c igký ngkcc uwg xcmgvbe ock}vbfwbv xeve c efekmckc me eyeabeêïc ocnc evepïc mg sgv mc }vefeadc uwg xvc gsscvgs g gs}wmek}gs mgsgkycaygnock`wk}engk}g+ ]ea }veks cvneêïc kïc â sbnxags! scfvg}wmc uwekmcsg fwsoen scawê÷gs xvejnå}boes xeve es sb}weê÷gs mg mgsock cv}cocn e eyeabeêïc me exvgkmbpejgn+

Owkde emygv}g uwg cs xvcogsscs mg }vefeadc mcogk}g }àn sbmcnevoemcs xcv ‑xcwoes }evg es ocag}byes g nwb}es bkmbybmwebs c uwgmgsefbab}e e xev}bade g e ocks}vwêïc mg wne fesg gxbs}gncaÿjboe mexvcissïc„ $OWKDE6887! x+55"+E scabmïc mgs}e exvgkmbpejgn sg }cvkenebs sc vbme uwekmc sg mg vck}en ocn e eyeabeêïc g swes obaemes+

Xeve uwg xcssen sgv gt}veîmcs fcks wscs me eyeabeêïc meexvgkmbpejgn mcs eawkcs! xevgog kgogssåvbc! e xvbcvb! ewtbabevncs cmcogk}g e ocks}vwbv wne ockybyàkobe nebs dwneke ocn gs}e oe}gjcvbe xvcncygkmc c jcs}c xgac xvcogssc mg ew}cockdgobngk}c uwg gs}e

eycvgog+Xcmgncs swxcv uwg uwekmc wn xvc gsscv nek}ân vgaeê÷gs

mg gksbyes ocn e eyeabeêïc mg sgw xvÿxvbc }vefeadc! mbiobangk}gocksgjwbvå bkow}bv gn sgws gs}wmek}gs e ockiekêe kgs}g xvcogssc!ock}vbfwbkmc xeve uwg es vgaeê÷gs ocn e eyeabeêïc xgvnekgêen

sgkmc mbssgnbkemes ocnc wn ‑nea kgogssåvbc„ e uwg mgygncs kcsowvyev xcv iea}e mg ngadcvgs ea}gvke}byes+

Xvc gsscvgs enbabevbpemcs ocn xvå}boes g ockogxê÷gs mg


28/869

6:

eyeabeêïc nebs efvekjgk}gs jekden ockmbêïc mg fgn gksbkev gfgn vgeabpev e eyeabeêïc mg#ocn sgws gs}wmek}gs+ Essbn ocncocnxvggkmgvïc uwg kïc â emguwemc mbsscobev e eyeabeêïc me

exvgkmbpejgn ocnwngk}g vgs}vb}e è seae mg ewae mg cw}vcs ænfb}cseyeabe}ÿvbcs+ Oefg.adgs gk}gkmgv ovb}boengk}g ocnc es xcaî}boes mgeyeabeêïc gt}gvke bk wgkoben mg eajwne nekgbve c }vefeadc uwgvgeabpen mg cvne exevgk}gngk}g ew}ýkcne `wk}c ecs gs}wmek}gs+Oefg.adgs c mbvgb}c#mgygv mg xev}bobxev mg xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïc mebks}b}wbêïc gn uwg }vefeaden! esswnbkmc oc.vgsxcksefbabmemg ocnc mgsgkycaybngk}c mc xvc`g}c xgmejÿjboc mc owvsc gn uwg e}wen guwg e`wmen e ocks}vwbv xcv ngbc mg xcs}wves ocaefcve}byes g ovî}boc.vg gtbyes+ E bssc mgkcnbkevgncs wne exvgkmbpejgn nebðsowaeme eyeabeêïc uwg kïc sg ock}gk}g gn sgv exgkes wseme ocncoaessbioemcve me exvgkmbpejgn mcs eawkcs mgsjevveme mcs e}cvgsesscobemcs uwg gtxaboen es mb gvgkêes mg mgsgnxgkdc cfsgvyemes+

Cw}ve vgaeêïc ocn e eyeabe êïc xvgobse kesogv enxabekmces xcssbfbabmemgs mg uwg xvcissbckebs#xvc gsscvgs g xvc gsscvgs#xvcissbckebs sg mbsxckden g sg bks}vwngk}eabpgn xeve wn wscnebs ocksguñgk}g g â}boc me eyeabeêïc kcs gsxeêcs gmwoe}bycs uwg

vguñgk}en+ E }vîemg ‑ocnc sg exvgkmg . ocnc sg gksbke . ocnc sg eyeabe„

e eyeabeêïc xvgobse sgv vgmbsow}bme xeve uwg xcssencs gs}efgagogv vgaeê÷gs nebs igowkmes ocn gs}e e}bybmemg mg sbkjwaev bnxcv}ækobe keybme mes xgssces g mcs gs}efgagobngk}cs gmwoeobckebs+

Ocksbmgvencs gssgkobea e xgvme mg ogk}veabmemg me eyeabeêïckc kîyga nbovc me ogke xgmejÿjboe+ Gk}gkmgncs uwg gs}e nwmekêe keowa}wve me eyeabeêïc sg eabngk}evå! xcv ock}vembêïc! mc pgac g }gnxcjes}c ocn e bkoawsïc mgs}e oe}gjcvbe kcs xvcogsscs mg icvne êïcxeve c }vefeadc mcogk}g ocn gk cuwgs uwg e`wmgn e gtxabob}ev ebkmbsscobefbabmemg gk}vg cs ænfb}cs me ngsc g neovc efcvmejgn mc

gkýngkc! vgsxgo}byengk}g abjemcs ec kîyga bks}b}wobckea g ec kîyga

mc sbs}gne mg gksbkc g sgws mgsmcfvengk}cs ke seae mg ewae $kîyganbovc"+

Xeve uwg e eyeabeêïc xcsse ownxvbv cs iks gmwoe}bycs uwg


29/869

64

mgae sg gsxgve! â nbs}gv uwg gs}e gt}vexcag es mbngks÷gs vgs}vb}esgtoawsbyengk}g è exvgkmbpejgn mcs gs}wmek}gs g mbeacjwg ocn esockmbê÷gs cf`g}byes uwg e g}en gs}g }vefeadc xgmejÿjboc essbn ocnc

es xcaî}boes gt}gvkes mg eyeabeêïc uwg e`wmen e ivnev cw mgkgjev mg}gvnbkemcs xvc`g}cs xgmejÿjbocs+ Â xvgobsc uwg sg jes}g }gnxcgs}wmekmc g vg g}bkmc scfvg es fesgs }gÿvboes me eyeabeêïc xeve uwgkïc wsgncs gn yïc c yco å fwac ock}vbfwbkmc xeve e cxeobmemg mcoenxc+

Gs}e exvgkmbpejgn neb ðsowae me eyeabeêïc enxabe eockmbêïc â}boc.gxbs}gncaÿjboe mcs xvc gsscvgs ejbvgn g vgejbvgn!xvce}byengk}g! }ek}c kc ænfb}c me seae mg ewae ocnc kc ænfb}cbks}b}wobckea uweabioekmc swe xev}bobxeêïc kgssgs xvcogsscs+ Nebsmc uwg bssc! wne exvgkmbpejgn nebðsowae me eyeabeêïc gksbke csxvcigsscvgs e exvggkmgv ngadcv cs abnb}gs g xcssbfbabmemgs mg sgw}vefeadc `wk}c ecs eawkcs g bssc xc}gkobeabpe gs cvêcs mg swxgveêïc+

E exvgkmbpejgn me eyeabeêïc ocks}b}wb.sg sefgv gssgkobea mcxvcogssc mg mgsgkycaybngk}c xvcissbckea mcs xvc gsscvgs xeve evnå.acs mcs evjwngk}cs kgogss å vbcs xeve wne bk}gvacowêïc gn ea}c k îygaocn cs memcs bk cvnemcs xgae eyeabeêïc! vgae}bycs }ek}c è vgeabmemgmcs eawkcs ocnc me bks}b}wbêïc gsocaev+ Kïc då ocnc bjkcvevncs uwge eyeabeêïc fwsoe ocnwkboev eajc xeve eajw â n ockycoekmc e mb å acjcsvbjcvcscs ocn e vgeabmemgg uwg ekocven es mgnekmes uwg sg sgjwgnec xvcogssc mg eyeabeêïc g uwg sïc sgnxvg xawvbmbngksbckebs+ ]cmc `wîpc mg yeacv gnb}bmc kc e}c mg eyeabeêïc gtbjg ocksguñàkobesuwg swfsbmben xvcogsscs mgobsÿvbcs g gs}gs kïc cocvvgn mg cvnemgsbk}gvgsseme+ Vepïc xgae uwea kc oenxc me eyeabeêïc kïc oefgbkjgkwbmemg+

E exvgkmbpejgn me eyeabe êïc kïc xcmg sg vgscaygv exgkeske mgsovbêïc }gÿvboe! xcab}boengk}g ocvvg}e! scfvg ocnc gs}e mgygvbesgv g#cw scfvg es vep÷gs xcvuwg kïc ocksgjwg sgv mb gvgk}gngk}gmgsgkycaybme+Vgoaenexcvxcsbobckengk}cmcsgmwoemcvgs+Ocnxg}g.

adgs iepgv obvowaev xvbkoîxbcs nebs mgncov å }bocs kcs xvcogsscs mgeyeabeêïc uwg xaekg`en agyekmc.cs e essbs}bv e exvgkmbpejgn mcsgs}wmek}gs $ACFC! 5242" g e ock}vbfwbv xeve c exvbncvengk}c mcs


30/869

62

xvc`g}cs bks}b}wobckebs+ E eyeabeêïc â oe}gjcvbe uwg jgve eêïc+ Eêïcuwg xcmg $ mgyg" sg cvbgk}ev xgaes ‑gs}ve}âjbes mg ocnxvcnbssc„ocn es exvgkmbpejgks mcs gs}wmek}gs ec bky â s mg wn eoe}engk}c

ogjc ès kcvnes g vgjves gtbs}gk}gs e uwg sg cf}ân emgsïc sgnocnxvcng}bngk}c ! ocnc vgsxcs}e mg ockygkbàkobe ès ‑ gs}ve}âjbesmc ock}vcag„ bks}b}wobckea $ ÆKJWAC! 688:" cvbgk}emes xgaes xcaî}boesgt}gvkes mg eyeabeêïc +

XVG__WXC_]C_ MG WNEEXVGKMBPEJGN NEBÐ_OWAE MEEYEABEÊÏ C

Eovgmb}encs uwg wne efgv}wve è eyeabeêïc xcmg e`wmev e uwggs}e vgowxgvg e vgagyækobe ke ogke wkbygvsb}å vbe ocn sgw xc}gkobeagmwoe}byc xvgsgvyemc+ Bssc iev å ovgsogv sgw yeacv mg wsc gn mg}vbngk}cec yeacv mg }vcoe uwg e }gn eocnxekdemc g uwg }gn swf}veîmc sgwxc}gkobea cvne}byc+ Xcs}c uwg cvbgk}emcs xcv nc}byemcvgs gt}gvkcsg uwesg sgnxvg w}bab}evbs}es! cs xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïc $sgè mcsgs}wmek}gs! mcs mcogk}gs cw mes bks}b}wbê÷gs gmwoeobckebs" }ànxemgobmc mg wne ev}biobeabmemg uwg xvgobse sgv gk vgk}eme+

E uwg sgvyg e eyeabeêïc cs}gksbye mg }wmc g mg }cmcs sg gs}ekïc jgvev }veks cvneê÷gs uwg sgèn scobeangk}g xgv}bkgk}gs3 E uwgsg xvgs}e wne eyeabeêïc uwg mgsxvgpe wne ybsïc mg }c}eabmemg mc

gkýngkc eyeabemc3Abne $688:" agnfve uwg då mbs}bk}cs kîygbs mg efcvmejgn mc

gkýngkc gmwoe}byc uwekmc sg vgscayg eyeabev swe uweabmemg+ Gs}gskîygbs mbeacjen gk}vg sb g ep me efcvmejgn nbovc! ngsc g neovc!wne vgmg ocnxagte e sgv gtenbkeme ocn oew}gae g vbjcv+

E ‑exvgkmbpejgn„ me eyeabeêïc me exvgkmbpejgn â e nebsmgsgème xgac mcogk}g wkbygvsb}åvbc! euwgae uwg adg vcwfe c sckc! nesâ exgkes xev}g mg xvcogssc fgn nebs enxac+ Bjkcvev swes bk}gvieogseoefe }cvkekmc nebs ock b}wcsc c }vefeadc xgmejÿjboc! gn gsxgobea!

uwekmc c mcogk}g sg mgxeve ocn mbiowa}emcvgs uwg }gn veîpgs cve mcænfb}c me seae mg ewae g scfvg cs uwebs }gn xcwoe jcygvkefbabmemg+Kïc då ocnc mgbtev mg ocksbmgvev cs ock b}cs uwg gkycaygn cs


31/869

?8

xvc gsscvgs uwekmc sg mg vck}en ocn nevoek}gs mb gvgkêes gk}vgcs gs}wmek}gs uwg ock}ves}en ocn e ‑dcncjgkgbmemg„ vgae}bye mesxvå}boes bks}b}wobckeabpemes mg eyeabeêïc $]GK]B IEKIEKB! 6884!

x+5:9"+ Ocnc eyeabev wsekmc bks}vwngk}cs xemvckbpemcs! sw`gb}csscobebs }ïc mbs}bk}cs! ocn oexb}ebs owa}wvebs mb gvgkobemcs sgn vgsyeaev cve xeve e ockmgsogkmàkobe xgmejÿjboe cve xeve c ew}cvb}evbsncgtoawmgk}g3

C mcogk}g wkbygvsb}å vbc xvgobse exvgkmgv e ocag}ev g bk}gvxvg}ev memcs me vgeabmemg mg sgws eawkcs ock vck}ekmc.cs ocn c }bxc mg}vefeadc xgmejÿjboc uwg cb gtgow}emc g ocn es ockmbê÷gs cf`g}byesuwg e g}even gs}g }vefeadc! gs}g`en gaes mgk}vc cw cve me bks}b}wbêïcgsocaev+

Cs mb gvgk}gs ænfb}cs me eyeabeêïc nw}wengk}g sg e g}en!vepïc xgae uwea kïc xcmgn sgv mgsockdgobmcs xgacs xvc gsscvgs scfxgke mg gs}gs! bkjgkwengk}g! xvcmwpbvgn mbejkÿs}bocs guwbycoemcsuwg nevoevïc swes bk}gvygkê÷gs swfsguñgk}gs+ Gs}es! kesogkmc mgybs÷gsxevobebsscfvgc gkýngkc!}gkmgnesgvgygaevbkswiobgk}gsg#cwbmbcssbkovå}boes xeve e ngmbeêïc xgmejÿjboe uwg sgvå bnxagngk}eme+

Me uweabmemg mgs}e ngmbeêïc xcmgn vgswa}ev cv}gs yîkowacsocncsgs}wmek}gs!ewtbabekmc.cse sggkycaygvgn nebs xvc wkmengk}gocnc }vefeadc xgmejÿjboc+ Wn xvc gsscv uwg esswng c ocnxvcnbsscmg fgn gksbkev! agjb}bne.sg xeve c }vefeadc eyeabe}byc! xcbs }cvke nebsbk}gabjîyga ecs gs}wmek}gs $g xeve sb" cs cf`g}bycs uwg vg gvgkobevïcc xvcogssc mg eyeabe êïc+ Ienbabevbpemcs ocn es mgnekmes g esgtbjàkobes mg wn }vefeadc xgmejÿjboc uwg uwgv sgv ocksguñgk}g!gs}wmek}gs }gkmgn e xev}bobxev ocn nebs ocksob à kobe g bssc ock}vbfwbv å

xeve wne nwmek êe ke#me owa}wve mg eyeabeêïc+Xvc gsscv g eawkcs< eawkcs g eawkcs! gn vgaeêïc mbeaÿjboe

xcmgn mbsow}bv! kgjcobev sgws xck}cs mg ybs}e mg ncmc dcvbpck}eabpemcg ocnxagngk}ev+ Wn mbåacjc cvbgk}emc xeve essbs}bv e exvgkmbpejgn!ocnxvcng}gkmc.cs ocn e swxgveêïc mes ockmbê÷gs uwg mbiowa}en e

exvggksïc mcs ock}g ðmcs g mgsgkycaybngk}c mg ocnxg} à kobes nebseaevjemes+ Wn mbåacjc coemc ke ivneêïc mg wn xeo}c uwg gtxabob}evgjves g må ybsbfbabmemg ecs eocvmcs! xgvnb}bkmc ew}cybjbaækobe g


32/869

?5

nckb}cvengk}c ocag}byc+C nckb}cvengk}c ocag}byc xcssbfbab}e cw}ve exvgkmbpejgn uwg

gkycayg c ænfb}c me eyeabe êïc bks}b}wobckea+ Kgs}g kîyga mg efcvmejgn

c xvc}ejckbsnc â gtgvobmc xgac ocag}byc mc owvsc# bks}b}wbêïc uwg sgcvbgk}e g sg ncybngk}e xgac gsxîvb}c mc xvc`g}c xgmejÿjboc+ Då kî}bmesvgaeê÷gs gk}vg c uwg cocvvg kc ænfb}c mc owvsc g me bks}b}wbêïc ocn cuwg eock}gog ke seae mg ewae wkbygvsb}åvbe+

Nwb}cmcswogssccwbkswogsscmc }vefeadcxgmejÿjbocmgxgkmgmes ockmbê÷gs mg iwkobckengk}c mg wne bks}b}wbêïc gmwoeobckea ggkycayg gk}vg cw}vcs0 c kðngvc mg gs}wmek}gs xcv }wvne! c vgjbng mg}vefeadc mcogk}g! e uweabmemg mcs vgowvscs }gokcaÿjbocs! es xcaî}boesmg oexeob}eêïc xgmejÿjboe! cs bkogk}bycs è bkmbsscobefbabmemg gksbkc#xgsuwbse# gt}gksïc+ Bkoawsbyg c oabne bks}b}wobckea bk}gv gvg ke seaemg ewae wkbygvsb}åvbe eycvgogkmc vgaeê÷gs kïc dbgvevuwbpemes+Gybmgk}gngk}g ec esscobevncs gs}gs mcbs k îygbs mg efcvmejgneyeabe}bye! ngadcvencs kcssc xcsbobckengk}c bkoawsbyg kc }gvogbvckîyga! c neovc+

Ockdgogmcvgs mes xcaî}boes mg eyeabeêïc gt}gvke uwg bkobmgnscfvg c }vefeadc xgmejÿjboc wkbygvsb}åvbc g uwg sïc xcs}gvbcv gswnevbengk}g vg}ve}emcs kcs ockogb}cs xvgabnbkevgs mcs owvscs! csmcogk}gs g gs}wmek}gs kïc xcmgn ncs}vev.sg mgsxvgxevemcs xeve eagb}wve mcs bk cvngs me eyeabeêïc g epà.ae mg ncmc bk}gjveabpemc âgssgkobea+

Xcmg.sg xgvogfgv uwg wn cadev nbðmc xeve e eyeabeêïc meexvgkmbpejgnwkbygvsb}åvbe ock}vbfwbxeve c eocfgv}engk}c mc ock`wk}cmg yevbåygbs uwg e g}e es vc}es mg àtb}c g veoessc mcs gs}wmek}gsg mes bks}b}wbê÷gs+ Mgsxvcybmcs mgs}es gybmà kobes cw mgsxvgxevemcsxeve swe agb}wve! xcmgn c xvc gsscv cw c gs}wmek}g xgksev.sg ocncðkbocs vgsxcksåygbs xgacs febtcs vgswa}emcs mg wn xvcogssc uwg ânwa}b eog}emc g uwg gkycayg xvc}ejckbsncs gk}vgovwpemcs+

Ocnc }cmc xvcogssc scobea! e eyeabeêïc gkycayg `wîpcs mg

yeacv g gs}gs sïc xgvngemcs xgae ovgmbfbabmemg mcs e}cvgs scobebsuwg xev}bobxen mc xvcogssc g gs}ïc ocnxvcng}bmes xgacs bk}gvgssgsmg uwgn cs cvnwacw! sgvybkmc bkoawsbyg xeve e nekbxwaeêïc g cw


33/869

?6

mbs}cv êïc mcs ie}cs+ Eajwks sefgvgs goabxsemcs ke oexeob}e êïc mc mcogk}g

wkbygvsb}åvbc e`wmen e ke}wveabpev e owa}wve me eyeabeêïc g swe aÿjboe

oaessbioe}ÿvbe! bkmbybmweabs}e! gtoawmgk}g g swxcs}engk}g kgw}ve!}gcvboengk}g ovb}boeme+ Ec xvcxcvncs wne exvgkmbpejgn neb ðsowaeme eyeabeêïc bk}gvgsse.kcs mgsgkycaygv kcs e}cvgs scobebs kgaebnxaboemcs e oexeobmemg mg vgwkbv gybmàkobes uwg ekocvgn sgwsxcsbobckengk}cs â}boc.gxbs}gncaÿjbocs g xcssbfbab}gn wn mbåacjcockovg}c ocn e vgeabmemg eyeabeme+

_gjwkmc ]dcnes! gybmàkobe â bk cvneêïc uwg sws}gk}e$cw vg w}e" wne eivneêïc g mgyg xessev xgac }gs}g me vgagyækobe!me swiobàkobe g me ygveobmemg! sg uwbsgv }gv ovgmbfbabmemg+ Euweabmemg g e swiobàkobe mes gybmàkobes gs}ïc vgaeobckemes ocn esenfbê÷gs gxbs}gncaÿjboes me xvcxcsbêïc $]DCNE_! 688: x+56"+Ocnc eyeabemcvgs cw ocnc eyeabemcs! xevgog.kcs bnxvgsobkmîygamgsgkycaygvncs kcsses oexeobmemgs mg kcs xcsbobckevncsmb gvgk}gngk}g kc `cjc me eyeabeêïc sgkmc gtbjgk}gs kc mbåacjc uwg}veyencs ocn cs e}cs exvgsgk}emcs uwg kïc mgygn sgv xgksemcsmgsockgo}emcs+ C gtgvoîobc me bk}gvxvg}eêïc mcs memcs exvgsgk}emcsxgae eyeabeêïc mgs vw}evå mg nebcv vbjcv ng}cmcaÿjboc sg gs}bygv ekocvemc gn gybmàkobes uwg sws}gk}gn es xvcxcsbê÷gs vgeabpemes!scfvg}wmc euwgaes uwg nevoen bkmgagygangk}g e ybme mes xgssces gmes bks}b}wbê÷gs+

EIBKEA! E EYEABEÊÏ C Â EXVGKMBPEJGN OGK]VEA CWXGVBIÂVBOE KE XGMEJCJBE WKBYGV_B]ÅVBE3

Mg gkmgncs uwg xvcogsscs mg oexeob}eêïc xgmejÿjboe uwgcf`g}bygn sws}gk}ev xvc`g}cs xgmejÿjbocs bkcyemcvgs kcs owvscs mgjvemweêïc vguwgvgn wn kcyc `gb}c mg eyeabev uwg kïc sg vgscaygexgkes ocn e nwmek êe mg }â okboes g#cw bks}vwngk}cs mg eyeabeêïc+

Ec ngmc mg kïc sefgv fgn eyeabev kc xevembjne uwg gp meeyeabeêïc wne gs}ve}âjbe mg ock}vcag g mbsobxabkengk}c! mgyg swvjbv cmgsxgv}ev xeve c xc}gkobea gmwoe}byc me eyeabeêïc uwg sg gsockmg gn


34/869

??

oeme nbovcmgobsïc uwg }cnencs mgk}vc mc }vefeadc xgmejÿjboc uwgockogfgncs g uwg oevvgje gn sb jgvngs gnekobxe}ÿvbcs+

Uwebsuwgv eê÷gs mg oexeob}eêïc xgmejÿjboe uwg sg

bnxagngk}gnbks}b}wobckeangk}gybsekmcock}vbfwbvxevewnexgmejcjbewkbygvsb}åvbe mg uweabmemg kïc xcmgn mgbtev mg mbsow}bv e eyeabeêïc meexvgkmbpejgn+ Xcvân xvgobsen epà.ac gn cw}ve xgvsxgo}bye uwg kïceuwgae ogk}veme ke ngve gsocade mg fcks g ncmgvkcs xvcogmbngk}csmg eyeabeêïc mgsybkowaemcs mc }vefeadc xgmejÿjboc gn uwg sgbksgvgn+ Xeveagaengk}g kïc xcmgn mgbtev mg bkoawbv g gtxabob}ev cskgtcs ybsîygbs g bkybsîygbs gtbs}gk}gs gk}vg cs mb gvgk}gs ænfb}cs meeyeabeêïc $nbovc#ngsc#neovc"+

Bssc kcs xevgog kgogss å vbc xeve ocnxvcng}gv c mcogk}gwkbygvsb}åvbc ocn c }vefeadc xgmejÿjboc uwg gtgow}e ocn sgwsgs}wmek}gs g uwg bkoawb c ocnxvcnbssc mg enfcs ocn wne eyeabeêïc `ws}e g guwækbng g cvbgk}eme xgac ocnxvcnbssc ocn e exvgkmbpejgng kïc exgkes ocn e ogv}bioeêïc+ Keme xcmg `ws}bioev e exe}be mcsmcogk}gs vgk}g ecs gs}wmek}gs uwg kïc exvgkmgn fgn ocnc kemexcmg `ws}bioev e owaxefbabpeêïc wkbae}gvea mcs mcogk}gs xgac veoesscmcs gs}wmek}gs ocn mg esejgn agyekmc.cs e eovgmb}ev bkjgkwengk}guwg gs}gs abnb}gs xcssen sgv gtxaboemcs xcv swe ea}e mg sefgvgsxgmejÿjbocs e}vbfwbkmc.adgs xcmgvgs vgmgk}cvgs uwg kïc xcsswgn+

E exvgkmbpejgn me eyeabe êïc me exvgkmbpejgn ke xgmejcjbe

wkbygvsb}åvbe bkoawb! xcv}ek}c wn cadev gk}vgovwpemc xeve cs nða}bxacskîygbs me eyeabeêïc g mgs}e exvgkmbpejgn neb ðsowae mgocvvgv å

wne nwmekêe mg xcs}wve eyeabe}bye }cvkekmc.sg nebs efvekjgk}g gvbjcvcse g! xcv ocksgjwbk}g ngkcs bkjàkwe mbek}g mgs}g xvcogsscuwg ec sg epgv }ïc xvgsgk}g gn kcsse vgeabmemg mg ybme xgsscea gxvcissbckea! bkmbybmwea! ocag}bye g bks}b}wobckea! kïc xcmg ock}bkwev esgv guweobckemc e xev}bv me veobckeabmemg bks}vwngk}ea exgkes+ Kgs}eÿ}boe xevgog.kcs ogk}vea exvgkmgv e eyeabev gte}engk}g xeve ocacoev e eyeabeêïc e sgvybêc mc xvc`g}c gmwoe}byc c gvgobmc ecs gs}wmek}gs g

gs}g e sgvybêc mg wne scobgmemg nebs ve}gvke g `ws}e+


35/869

?=

VGIGVÀKOBE_

EKJWAC! Igabt V+C xaekg`engk}c me uweabioeêïc me gsocae0 c agbjcjveea me nwmekêe gmwoeobckea Bk NWVBAAC! I+@+ g VGXB_C! N+N goca+E uweabioeêïc me gsocae+ Wn kcyc gk cuwg Xcv}c Eagjvg0 Ev}ngm!688:

FCKMBCAB! EkkeC xvc`g}c xgmejÿjboc me ovgodg g swe eyeabeêïc+Oenxbkes0 Ew}cvgs

Esscobemcs! 688=

OWKDE! Nevbe Bsefga me $cvj+"Icvne}cs eyeabe}bycs g ockogxê÷gs mg

mco à kobe Oenxbkes0

Ew}cvgs Esscobemcs! 6887

DEM@B! OdevagsE eyeabeêïc! vgjves mc `cjc+ Mes bk}gkê÷gs ecsbks}vwngk}cs+ Xcv}c0 Xcv}c

Gmb}cve! 522=

ABNE! A+O+Gmwoeêïc ec ackjc me ybme+Gk}vg e nïc mbvgb}e g e nïc

gsuwgvme mg Nbvÿ _ïc Xewac0 Ocv}gp! 688:

ACFC! E+_+Exvgkmbpejgn essbs}bme xgae eyeabeêïc$EEE"+ Wn scvvbscmb îoba xeve c kcyc sbs}gne mg eyeabeêïc Xcv}c0 Xcv}c Gmb}cve! 5242

XGVVGKCWM! X Kïc ngten ke nbkde eyeabeêïc% Xeve wneefcvmejgn sbs}ànboe me nwmekêe xgmejÿjboe Bk0 G_]VGAE! E )KCYCE! E $cvj+"Eyeabeê÷gs gn gmwoeêïc0 kcyes xgvsxgo}byes Xcv}c0Xcv}c gmb}cve! 522?

XB_]VEL+ Iwkmengk}cs me gsocae mc }vefeadc+_ïc Xewac0Fvesbabgksg! 6885+


36/869

?7

]GK]B IEKIEKB! Gnbabc Mbngksbckgs mg ae gtoawsbÿk gmwoe}bye r aesxcaî}boes mg bkoawsbÿk Bk0 GJJGV]! G< ]VEYGV_BKB! O< XGVG_! G<FCKBK! B $cvj+"]ve`g}ÿvbes g xvcogsscs mg gksbkev g exvgkmgv< mbmå}boe

g icvne ê ï

c mg xvcigsscvgs TBY GKMBXG Xcv}c Eagjvg0 GMbXWOV_!6884! abyvc 5! x+5:6.542

]DCNE_! J Bk}vcmwêïc0 gybmgkobes g xvå}boe bk0 ]DCNE_! J )XVBKJ! V g oca+Gmwoeêïc fesgeme gn gybmàkobes E w}babpeêïc mcseodemcs obgk}îiocs xeve e uweabioeêïc me xvå}boe xgmejÿjboeXcv}c Eagjvg0 Ev}ngm! 688: x+2.?5

PEFEAPE! Nbjwga+ E+C gksbkc wkbygvsb}åvbc! sgw ogkåvbc g sgws xvc}ejckbs}es ! Xcv}c Eagjvg0 Ev}ngm! 688=


37/869

?9

EYEABEÊÏ C ME EXVGKMBPEJGNG_OCAEV0 VB_OC_ G KGOG__BMEMG_MGK]VC MC XVCOG__C MG ICVNEÊÏ CMG XVCIG__CVG_Nevbe me Esswkêïc OeamgvekcXvc gsscve Esscobeme WI@I

OCK]GT]WEABPEKMC E_ VGIAGT× G_ _CFVG EYEABEÊÏ C

Ek}gs mg }wmc! jcs}evbe mg gtxabob}ev c awjev e xev}bv mc uweaexvgsgk}c nbkdes vg gt÷gs+ Vgivc.ng è gtxgvbàkobe mg 58 ekcs ocncxvc gsscve mcs ekcs bkbobebs mc gksbkc wkmengk}ea! gn gsocae xðfaboe!

acoea ckmg }enfân e}wgb ocnc swxgvybscve gmwoeobckea! mwvek}gmcbs ekcs+ Gn cw}vc ock}gt}c vgeabpgb wn }vefeadc ocnc gmwoemcvegn gsxeêc kïc gsocaev! xcv wn xgvîcmc mg obkoc ekcs+ Mgsmg 5226!e}wc ocnc xvc gsscve g xgsuwbsemcve me WI@I! mgsgkycaygkmcbkygs}bjeê÷gs kc oenxc me cvneêïc mg xvc gsscvgs! }vefeadekmc kejvemweêïc g xÿs jvemweêïc gn gmwoeêïc xgae WI@I+

Kgssg xgvowvsc xvcissbckea cs xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïcovwpeven es eê÷gs abjemes è cvneêïc mcogk}g bkbobea g ock}bkweme!xvÿxvbe g mg cw}vgn+ Kgssg ænfb}c eobabmemgs g mgseics cvengkock}vemcs! ybs}cs ocnc kgogssbmemgs g vbsocs `å uwg xcv nebs uwgsg xgvsbje c xvcxÿsb}c mg fgn mgsgkycaygv c }vefeadc gmwoeobckea gagâ sgnxvg xessîyga mg gvvcs! xcv swe mbkenbobmemg g nwa}bxabobmemg mggk cuwgs g mg sw`gb}cs e gag vgaeobckemcs+ Gnfcve kïc sg mbsow}e ebnxcv}ækobe me eyeabeêïc! ep.sg kgogssåvbc! xcv ygpgs! bkmejev scfvge bnxcv}ækobe mg oeme }bxc mg eyeabeêïc g mg xvcogmbngk}c }gkmc gnybs}e sgws cf`g}bycs ockdgobmcs cw kïc xgac eyeabemcv g xgac eyeabemc+Cfsgvyekmc cs mb gvgk}gs }bxcs mg ock}gt}cs g mg eyeabeêïc! oefgbkmejev0 Xeve uwg sgvyg e eyeabeêïc3 Gae â wn vg}ve}c mc uwea sg

ep wn vÿ}wac3 Wn iang! mgk}vc mc uwea sg xgvogfg wn ogkåvbc ocnmbygvscs e}cvgs3 Wn nexe uwg acoeabpe c xck}c gn uwg sg gkock}ve ges xcssbfbabmemgs xeve sg odgjev ec xck}c uwg sg gsxgve3


38/869


39/869

?4

eyeabe}byc‟ cocs mg e}gkêïc mcxvc`g}c cw xvcjvene! kcuwea cb jgveme}ea kgogssbmemg+ Ngsnc gn sg }ve}ekmc mg eyeabeêïc me exvgkmbpejgngsocaev ‟ uwg mgygvbe sg mbs}bkjwbv mg sbnxags ngkswveêïc‟ xcv ygpgs!

e kc}e â exvgsgk}eme sgn e gtxcsbêïc mgybme mcs xvcogmbngk}csw}babpemcs keuwgae e}bybmemg g mcs ngbcs xgacs uwebs sg odgjcw èuwgagvgswa}emc+ Vevengk}g c eawkc }gn e cxcv}wkbmemg mg gtxabob}ev cveobcoîkbc w}babpemcxcvgagke vgscawêïcmesuwgs}÷gs exvgsgk}emesgnxvcogssc mg eyeabe êïc g vevengk}g }enf â n sg gkock}ven sb}we ê÷gsgn uwg c xvc gsscv gtxabob}e cs cf`g}bycs gn uwg sg xew}cw! e aÿjboeg cs ovb}â vbcs w}babpemcs ke eyeabeêïc+

Mb gvgk}gngk}g! mg gkmgncs wn xvcogssc mg eyeabeêïc ow`cscf`g}bycs! fesgs g ovb}âvbcs sg`en ockdgobmcs xgacs gkycaybmcs g sgwsvgswa}emcs ocnxev}bademcs+ ]ek}c gn e}bybmemgs mg mcoàkobe uwek}cke xgsuwbse gk}gkmgncs uwg cs sw`gb}cs ocn cs uwebs abmencs sïc}enfânxev}g bk}gjvek}g mc xvcogssc sgn! ock}wmc! epgv }veks gvàkobemg vgsxcksefbabmemgs+

Gnwnmgkcsscs}vefeadcs$OEAMGVEKC$occvm+"!6882e"!xcv gtgnxac! eogvoe mc vgswa}emc mg wne eyeabeêïc gb}e xcv xvcissbckebsme gmwoeêïc gn mg}gvnbkemc ock}gt}c! xvcowvencs ekeabsev csvgswa}emcs mg wne xvcye xcv gags mgsgkycaybme! ocnxvggkmgkmc.csmc xck}c mg ybs}e }gÿvboc g ockogb}wea! bkmc eaân me ygvbioeêïc mexck}weêïc ikea+ Xcv}ek}c! kïc ocksbmgvencs e xck}weêïc eaoekêeme!mg cvne oefeaîs}boe! ocnc kwne sgk}gkêe xvgsovb}bye mg wnmg}gvnbkemc sw`gb}c cw mg wn ock`wk}c mg sw`gb}cs uwg sg swfng}gvenec xvcogssc mg eyeabeêïc+ Ec ock}våvbc! c vgswa}emc ikea mg ‑eogv}cs„g ‑kïc eogv}cs„ cb exgkes xev}g me ekåabsg! xcbs uwg bk}gvgsscw.kcs scfvgnekgbve gk}gkmgv cs xcss îygbs sgk}bmcs e}vbfwîmcs ‟ xgacsxvcissbckebs uwg sg swfng}gven è eyeabeêïc ‟ e oeme b}gn! xvgsgk}gkc bks}vwngk}c eyeabe}byc+ Icoeabpencs essbn! es ea}gvke}byes mgvgsxcs}es g swes xcss îygbs bk}gvxvg}eê÷gs+

Gnfcvegtbs}enyeacvgsmb gvgk}gsbk}vîksgocseoemeea}gvke}bye

mg vgsxcs}e g e gsocade xcv wne mgaes oevvgjwg wn sbjkbioemc xvÿxvbc ‟ kïc ocks}b}wbkmc wne e êïc bkmbigvgk}g ‟ cx}encs xcv ekeabsev esvgsxcs}es exvgsgk}emes ocnc }gk}e}byes mg eogv}c! ec bkyâs mg epgv


40/869

?2

wne ekåabsg xcaevbpeme gk}vg c ogv}c g c gvvemc+ Fwsoencs! mgssecvne! vg g}bv scfvg e aÿjboe mc uwg xcmg sgv bmgk}bioemc ocnc ‑gvvc„+

Kgsse mbngksïc! ocksbmgve.sg uwg

kc mgsygkmev mc gvvc vgsbmg e xcssbfbabmemg mg vgsje}gme xvgnbsse fåsboe me eyeabeêïc! c uwgs}bckengk}c! uwgagye e }veks cvneêïc mc sbjkbioemc vgs}vb}byc! ocnwngk}ge gae e}vbfwîmc! xeve wn sbjkbioemc ocks}vw}byc! uwg

eycvgog c ovgsobngk}c mg }cmcs cs gkycaybmcs kgssg xvcogssc! xcv ngbc mc mgsgkycaybngk}c mg wne owa}wveme eyeabeêïc+ $_BAYE! 6884!x+25"

Kïc sg }ve}e mg ocacoev! kwn ngsnc xe}enev! ea}gvke}byesmbygvses! e}vbfwbkmc e gaes c ngsnc yeacv! nes ocnxvggkmgv csxvcogmbngk}cs w}babpemcs xeve sgw eaoekog+ G! kgssg oesc! e ekåabsgmc ‑gvvc„ }enfân eoefe xcv bmgk}bioev vgeabmemgs mbs}bk}es+

E vgockogb}weabpeêïc mc gvvc kc xvcogssc mg exvgkmgv bnxcv}e }enfân gn mbsogvkbv c gvvc ocks}vw}byc mcgvvc sbs}gnå}boc+ C xvbngbvc â euwgag uwg swvjgmwvek}g c xvcogssc mg vgmgsocfgv}e cw vgbkygkêïc mcockdgobngk}c! g uwg c sw`gb}c efekmcke ec eaoekêev wn kîyga mg gaefcveêïc ngk}ea swxgvbcv+ @å c gvvc

sbs}gnå}boc â euwgag uwg vgsbs}g! exgsev mes gybmàkobesuwg ocnxvcyen swe bkemguweêïc abnb}ekmc cw ngsncbnxgmbkmc es xcssbfbabmemgs mg exvgkmbpejgn+ $_BAYE!6884! x+588"

Kgssg }vefeadc ek}gs ngkobckemc! c uwg mg gkmgncs â uwges vgsxcs}es ‑kïc gsxgvemes„ kïc sïc kgogssevbengk}g ‑gvvemes„+Gaes cven ocksbmgvemes ocnc ‑kïc eogv}c„! xcv sg vgockdgogv csxvbkoîxbcs uwg sws}gk}en es ea}gvke}byes ocvvg}es! kïc kgw}veabpekmc!xcv}ek}c sgw ock}gðmc! kgn mgsxvgpekmc }enxcwoc c gs cvêc mg

gk}gkmgv! xcv mgk}vc! e `ws}bioe}bye xeve es ea}gvke}byes exvgsgk}emes+Mgsse cvne! nebs uwg mbejkcs}boev es xcaevbmemgs bmgk}bioemes


41/869

=8

ocnc ‑ogv}c„ g ‑gvvemc„! ocacoenc.kcs ke xcsbêïc mg mgnevoev wn ock`wk}c mg ockdgobngk}c uwg ebkme oevgog mg nebcv eogssc!xcv xev}g mcs uwg cven eyeabemcs! g wn ock`wk}c mg uwgs}÷gs uwg

xvgobsen sgv sbnwa}ekgengk}g ekeabsemes xeve uwg sg xcsse swxgvev cs ngoekbsncs g gs}vw}wves uwg sws}gk}en vgsxcs}es g eê÷gs ebkmeoeveo}gvbpemes xvgxckmgvek}gngk}g xgac sgksc ocnwn! g kïc xgacockdgobngk}c dbs}cvboengk}g eownwaemc g ovb}boengk}g exvcxvbemc+Xeve bssc kcs mbsxwsgncs e mgsygkmev e aÿjboe mcs ‑kïc eogv}cs„uweabioekmc cs oenbkdcs xcssîygbs ec sgw eogssc xeve! e xev}bv mgags!exck}ev kcyes xcssbfbabmemgs mg eogv}c+

Cowxenc.kcs! mgsse cvne! gn xgksev kes aÿjboes e xev}bv mesuwebs xwmgssg! c vgsxckmgk}g! bk gvbv ocnc ‑ogv}e„ eajwne ea}gvke}bye!gkuwek}c gae kïc gve essbn ocksbmgveme gn }gvncs ockogb}webs! kcsgk}bmc vgs}vb}c+ Mbpgkmc mg cw}ve cvne! }vefeadencs kïc ke aÿjboemc gvvc! nes ke aÿjboe mc eogv}c! bkygs}bjekmc scfvg sgws xvcogsscsbk}gvkcs! xvcowvekmc mgsocfvbv es xcssîygbs oewses mc kïc eogv}c+

Kgssg xck}c mgs}eoencs uwg epgncs wne mbs}bkêïc mgssgs}gvncs ‟ gvvc g k ï c eogv}c + C k ï c eogv}c vg gvg.sg ec wn gs}åjbc mcebkme kï c ! mg eajc uwg gs}ågn xvcogssc mg eogv}c+ C gvvc xvgsswx ÷geajc ock}v å vbc ec eogv}c+ Xvgsswx÷g e bmgbe mg wne vgeabmemg ovbs}eabkexvcycoemcve g vgswa}ek}g mg wne mweabmemg abkgev gn uwg eajc gs}evbeocnxag}engk}g ogv}c g! gn cxcsbêïc! eajc gs}evbe ocnxag}engk}ggvvemc+ Ec ocnxvggkmgv e ocnxagtbmemg mcs xvcogsscs eyeabe}bycs!gk}gkmgncs uwg gags eobcken aÿjboes mbygvses g ocnfbkeê÷gsnða}bxaes mg ea}gvke}byes uwg gtbjgn! mc sw`gb}c! gn eyeabeêïcock}îkwe! wne mgikbêïc scfvg e ngadcv gs}ve}âjboe e sgv ocks}vwîme gcw sgjwbme+

_efgncs uwg! ke ybme vgea! es eê÷gs kïc sïc bscaemes!vejngk}emes+ Wne eêïc euwb jgve cw}ve eocaå uwg xcv swe ygp vg g}g

gxbsÿmbcs mbygvscs+ Xcv}ek}c! sbnxabioev cs xvcogsscs eyeabe}bycs ocnxcaevbmemgs cxcs}es ‟ mg eogv}c g gvvc ‟ xcwoc cw keme ock}vbfwb

xeve e swxgve êïc mg wne e}b}wmg iwkmeme ke ocks}vwêïc oc}bmbeke mgxvå}boes nebs sbjkbioe}byes+ Xcv ygpgs! gs}es xvå}boes sïc ovbs}eabpemes!nwmekmc.sg exgkes e ygvfeabpeêïc e xev}bv mc uwg â ockdgobmc


42/869

=5

ocnc ‑xcab}boengk}g ocvvg}c„+ ]ve}e.sg! xcv}ek}c! mg mgsygkmev c uwgwkmengk}e es xcsbê÷gs }cnemes e in mg uwg! kgssg gtgvoîobc mg

fwsoe mc gk}gkmbngk}c mgsse aÿjboe! xcssencs eycvgogv c xvcogssc

mg swxgveêïc mc gs}å

jbc e}wea mg ockdgobngk}c+Ieaencs ke xgvsxgo}bye mg Ybjcs}lr $5225!522=" uwgexvgsgk}e c ockogb}c mg ‑pcke mg mgsgkycaybngk}c xvctbnea„ ocncwn ncngk}c mg ovgsobngk}c sbjkbioe}byc esscobemc ès bk}gvvgaeê÷gsuwg sïc xcssîygbs mg sgvgn ocks}vwîmes keuwgag ncngk}c! mgk}vcmeuwgae sb}weêïc+ Kïc då ocnc kgjev uwg gtbs}g wne esg mcxvcogssc mg ockdgobngk}c gn uwg! xcv ygpgs! kïc sg gs}å xvck}c xevemgsgnxgkdev es e}bybmemgs ocjkb}byes g scobebs kgogssåvbes+ C sw`gb}c

coeabpemc kïc ocksgjwg! xcv ygpgs! xgvogfgv es ocnxagtbmemgs meseê÷gs g e}b}wmgs! mes vgaeê÷gs gk}vg yåvbes sb}weê÷gs cw sgk}gkêesg sgws mgsmcfvengk}cs! nes kgn xcv bssc xcmg.sg mbpgv uwg kïcdcwyg cw kïc då exvgkmbpemc keuwgag uwgsb}c mgs}eoemc+ Exgkes gagkïc e}bkjbw }cmcs cs cf`g}bycs kgag bnxvgsscs+

Xcv uwg gsse vg gtïc3 Xcvuwg mg gkmgncs uwg gsse aÿjboemg ekåabsg mcs xvcogsscs eyeabe}bycs mgye ock}gnxaev gssgs esxgo}cs!bkmgxgkmgk}gngk}g mg sg }ve}evgn mg wne eyeabe êïc gn aevjegsoeae! wne eyeabeêïc mg wn xvcogssc mg gksbkc exvgkmbpejgn! wneeyeabeêïc xck}wea! sg`e gn gsxeêc gsocaev! sg`e kc oenxc eoemànboc+ Eovgmb}encs uwg e eyeabeêïc xvgobse }cnev xeve sb c xvcogssc mgocks}vwêïc xgac uwea e exvgkmbpejgn mg ep g kïc exgkes mgoaevev wn yeacv ikea sgn wn cadev bk}gvkc ecs xvcogsscs ek}gvbcvgs+

_efgncsuwgdånwb}c`åsgswxgvcwebmgbemgwnekgw}veabmemgke bk}gvxvg}eêïc mcs memcs+ C ngsnc sg xcmg mbpgv ivgk}g e xvcogsscsmg eyeabeêïc me exvgkmbpejgn+ Xcv nebs uwg sg }gkde cf`g}bybmemgkgssg xvcogssc! e swf`g}bybmemg sgnxvg gs}å xvgsgk}g+ Mgk}vc mg wnexcs}wve kïc vgmwobckbs}e! mb îoba â kgjev cs ngekmvcs xgacs uwebs sgxesse xeve sg odgjev ecs vgswa}emcs exvgsgk}emcs+ Kïc sg }ve}e mgvgae}bybpev g mgoaevev ocnc eogv}eme wne vgsxcs}e uwg sg cx÷g ec uwg

sg gsxgve+ Nes mg ocnxvggkmgv cs xvcogsscs w}babpemcs ke ocks}vwêïcme vgsxcs}e e in mg mbejkcs}boev cskÿs me exvgkmbpejgn g swxgvev sgws abnb}gs g aeowkes+ Xcv cw}vc aemc! sefg.sg mcs vbsocs mg ybgsgs


43/869

=6

uwg mg}wvxen c uwg gs}å sgkmc coeabpemc xgae swf`g}bybmemg meuwgagcw meuwgags uwg sg mbsx÷g$n" e ekeabsev g ock gvbv wn sgk}bmc ecs‑vgswa}emcs„ gkock}vemcs+ _efgncs uwg

E eyeabeêïc gsocaev â wn ngbc g kïc wn in gn sb ngsne< gs}å mgabnb}eme xcv wne mg}gvnbkeme }gcvbe g xcv wne mg}gvnbkeme xvå}boe xgmejÿjboe+ Gae kïc cocvvgkwn yepbc ockogb}wea! nes gs}å mbngksbckeme xcv wnncmgac }gÿvboc mg scobgmemg! mg dcngn! mg gmwoeêïcg! ocksguwgk}gngk}g! mg gksbkc g mg exvgkmbpejgn!gtxvgssc ke }gcvbe g ke xvå}boe xgmejÿjboe+$OEAMGBVE!6888! x+566"+

Kgssg esxgo}c! _baye $6884!x+24"!mgk}vc mg swe vg gtïc! bkmboeuwg ‑e ekåabsg me eyeabeêïc me exvgkmbpejgn gkycayg enxae mbsowssïcscfvg yåvbcsesxgo}cs+Mgk}vggags mgs}eoe.sg e ikeabmemgme eyeabeêïcuwg! xcv swe ygp! kïc xcmg sgv mbsscobeme mc }bxc mg exvgkmbpejgn esgv xvcncybmc+„ E ew}cve kcs exvgsgk}e wne ‑]ve`g}ÿvbe me Eyeabeêïc. Fvgyg Ybejgn kc ]gnxc„! ke uwea sg ybsweabpe wne sîk}gsg dbs}ÿvboemcs gs}wmcs mg eyeabeêïc `å vgeabpemcs g sgws xvgsswxcs}cs fåsbocs+Xgvxessekmc xgacs esxgo}cs me ngkswveêïc! mgsovbêïc g `wajengk}c!gae sb}we }enfân e efcvmejgn vgocvvgk}g0

Vgogk}gngk}g! e eyeabeêïc me uwev}e jgveêïc ioeoeveo}gvbpeme xgac xvcogssc bnxgve}byc! kgjcobemc! uwgsg wkmengk}e kwn vg gvgkobea }gÿvbococks}vw}bybs}eg kwn gk cuwgvgsxcksbyc+ Xev}g mg xvgcowxeê÷gs! xvcxcsbê÷gs cw ock}vcyâvsbes gn vgaeêïc ec cf`g}cme eyeabeêïc+ Â ocks}vw}bybs}e wne ygp uwg swxgve cncmgac obgk}îioc g }gokbobs}e! xvgmcnbkek}g e}â gk}ïc!efvekjgkmc }enfân cs esxgo}cs dwnekcs! xcaî}bocs!scobebs! owa}wvebs! g â}bocs! gkycaybmcs kc xvcogssc+Yeag vgssea}ev uwg gnfcve nevoeme xgae gtbfbabmemg!e ockogxêïc vgsxcksbyc.ocks}vw}bybs}e kïc gtoawb cs xvcogmbngk}cs mc }bxc cvmgkemc! g obgk}bioengk}g


44/869

=?

nebs cvbgk}emcs! exgkes cs bkocvxcve! mgsmg uwg evgsxcksbybmemg g es xvgcowxeê÷gs mes mb gvgk}gssb}weê÷gs essbn c gtbjbvgn„+$ _BAYE! 6884! x+22.588"

Ocn cf`g}byc sbnbaev! Odwgbvb $6884"! e}veyâs mg sgw }gt}c‑Ockogxê÷gs scfvg e Eyeabeêïc Gsocaev„ mbsocvvg scfvg es mbygvsesockogxê÷gs mg eyeabeêïc mgnevoemes gn }gnxcs dbs}ÿvbocs mbs}bk}csgn uwg cs cf`g}bycs gmwoeobckebs sg ybsweabpeyen bk}vbksgoengk}gabjemcs ecs xvbko îxbcs eyeabe}bycs+ Ec ekeabsev es ockogx ê÷gsxgmejÿjboesg cssbjkbioemcsesswnbmcsxgaeeyeabeêïcgaegs}efgagoguwe}vcoe}gjcvbesmgekåabsgmgk}vcmesuwebssgsb}wengsgvgaeobckenuwe}vc ockogb}cs mg eyeabeêïc0 gtenbkev! ngmbv! oaessbioev g uweabioev!mgncks}vekmc uwg c gk cuwg eyeabe}byc jwevme vgaeêïc ocn c }gnxc

dbs}ÿvboc g xcaî}boc gn uwg sg ybyg+Fgvkemg}g Je}}b vgssea}e e bnxcv}ækobe mg xvcogsscs eyeabe}bycs

uwg kïc sg ock wkmgn ocn xvcogsscs mg ngmbêïc0

Â xvgobsc }gv xvgsgk}g! }enfân! uwg ngmbv â mb gvgk}gmg eyeabev+ Ec ngmbvncs wn gkýngkc xcv bk}gvnâmbcmg wne gsoeae! mg xvcyes! mg }gs}gs! mg bks}vwngk}csoeabfvemcs cw xcv wne oaessbioeêïc cw oe}gjcvbpeêïc!exgkes gs}encs agyek}ekmc memcs scfvg wne jvekmgpemc gkýngkc+ $+++" Nes! e xev}bv mes ngmbmes! xeve }gvncswne eyeabeêïc â xvgobsc uwg sg ocks}vwe c sbjkbioemcmgsses jvekmgpes gn vgaeêïc ec uwg gs}å sgkmcekeabsemc uwekmc ocksbmgvemc ocn wn }cmc! gn swesvgaeê÷gs ocn cw}vcs gkýngkcs! swes oeveo}gvîs}boesdbs}cvboengk}g ocksbmgvemes! c ock}gt}c mg swenekb gs}eêïc! mgk}vc mcs cf`g}bycs g ng}es mgikbmcs xeve c xvcogssc mg eyeabeêïc! ocksbmgvekmc cs yeacvgsscobebs gkycaybmcs+$JE]]B! 688?! x+558"+

Kc}e.sg jvekmg xvgcowxeêïc xcv xev}g meuwgags uwg gs}wmencs xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïc+ Gk}vg }ek}cs! xcmgncs ob}ev eajwks ew}cvgsuwg gtxabob}en ockogxê÷gs g vg g}gn scfvg cs xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïc


45/869

==

$_EWA 5244< OEAMGBVE! 6888< JE]]B! 688?< AWODG_B! 5227! 688?< EPPB! 6885< DCIINEK! 6888< KCYEG_ g NW__G! 6884"! gk}vgcw}vcs+

]cvke.sg kgogssåvbe e fwsoe xgac guwbaîfvbc gk}vg xcaevbmemgsgt}vgnes cfsgvyemes ke xvå}boe eyeabe}bye+ Mg wn aemc! ybsweabpen.sg xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïc uwg }àn ocnc xvgsswxcs}cs xemv÷gsxvâ.gs}efgagobmcs g uwg! xcv}ek}c kgjen es ockmbê÷gs gsxgoîioesvgae}byesecsjvwxcsg sw`gb}cs coeabpemcs+Mccw}vc aemc!ybsweabpen.sgeyeabeê÷gs gnbkgk}gngk}g swf`g}byes gn uwg sg xgvmg e xcssbfbabmemgmg eocnxekdengk}c mc xvcogssc xgae sbkjwaevbmemg exvgsgk}eme+

Kgssg oenxc mg eyeabeêïc exvgsgk}encs }vàs esxgo}cs uwg `wajencs wkmengk}ebs0 5" då uwg sg oenbkdev xcv ea}gvke}byes mgeyeabeêïc gn uwg sg`en coeabpemcs xemv÷gs nîkbncs gsxgvemcs exev}bv mcscf`g}bycs gsxgoîiocs! mgikbkmc xvgybengk}g g mg ncmc oaevccs cf`g}bycs g ovb}âvbcs mg eyeabeêïc< 6" uwg sg`en! sbnwa}ekgengk}g!ock}gnxaemcs esxgo}cs uwg ocksbmgvgne owa}wvea vgjbckea g acoea!bkmceaân mcs ockogb}cs cvnebs! mes mbngks÷gs ngvengk}g ocjkb}byes gmcs sefgvgs gsocaevgs gn sgk}bmc vgs}vb}c< ?" uwg c xvcogssc eyeabe}bycg swe ekåabsg ock}gnxagn gagngk}cs uwg e`wmgn e mbejkcs}boev csxvcfagnes cfsgvyemcs kc xvcogssc mg exvgkmbpejgn+

_CFVG E_ FE_G_ GXB_]GNCAß JBOE_ MG__E_ VGIAGT× G_

]ebsvg gt÷gssgexÿbengnxvbkoîxbcsuwgmg gkmgncsgmgk}vcmcs uwebs kcs sb}wencs+ Wn mgags â e kgogssbmemg mggtxabob}eê ïcmes fesgs scfvg es uwebs sg xew}en es ekåabsgs g vg gt÷gs ! e inmg sg mgbtev oaevc c awjev gn uwg sg gkock}ve$n" euwgag cw euwgagsuwg ock gvg$n" ‑wn„ g kïc ‑cw}vc sgk}bmc„ ec }gne xvcxcs}c g ec cocmg e}gkêïc mgs}eoemc+

Kïc då keme uwg essgjwvg e }c}ea bnxevobeabmemgmg memcs! g kïc â ngsnc gsxgvemc uwg gtbs}e }c}ea kgw}veabmemg gn wn xvcogssc mg eyeabeêïc+ \+++^ Essbn!scngk}g â xcssîyga e vgeabpeêïc mgssg xvcogssc uwekmc


46/869

=7

sïc essgjwvemcs g gtxabob}emcs ovb}âvbcs mg `wajengk}cg ekåabsg mcs memcs+ _gn gssg owbmemc! wn xvcogsscfgn bk}gkobckemc mg agjb}bneêïc xcmg sg }veks cvnev

gn `cjc mg cxbkbïc+ $_CWPE! NEVOCKMG_! EOC_]E!6884!x+?7"

Mgocvvgk}g mc ek}gvbcv! cw}vc xvbkoîxbcscfvg c uweasg essgk}enes vg gt÷gs euwb exvgsgk}emes â e oaevgpe mg uwg sgnxvg sg }ve}e mgwne bk}gvxvg}eêïc xcss îygagkïc e bk}gvxvg}eêïc oefeaîs}boeg mgikb}bye

vgk}g è uwea kïc sg xcmg mbsocvmev+ Ec ock}våvbc! e gtxabob}eêïc mesfesgs ockogb}webs gn uwg sg xew}e e ekåabsg â gte}engk}g e ockmbêïcxeve uwg kcyes ekåabsgs! e xev}bv mg kcycs vgocv}gs }gÿvbocs! sg`en

gb}es g uwg! xcv swe ygp! xcssen ockivnev! exvbncvev cw vg w}ev es

xcsbê÷gs exvgsgk}emes+Kgssg ock}gt}c! wn xvbngbvc gk cuwg }gÿvboc uwg euwb sg

gtxabob}eâcVgeabsncOv î}boc ‟efcvmejgniacsÿioeuwgxvgsswx÷gwnock`wk}c mg xvbkoîxbcs g cvbgk}eê÷gs uwg sg fesgben ke ocnxvggksïcmc gkýngkc gs}wmemc ocnxvggkmgkmc.c gn sgw ock}gt}c bk}gvkc ggt}gvkc $FDE_LEV! 52:2! 5229$e"! 5229$f"! 5229$o"< CW]DZEB]G!522?< OEAMGVEKC! 6886 $x+:=.4?"< FEGV]! 5227"+

Xcmgn sgv mgs}eoemes uwe}vc oeveo}gvîs}boes xvbkobxebsmc Vgeabsnc Ovî}boc0 e" sgk}bmc ock gvbmc ecvgea ‟ gk}gkmg.sg

ocnc vgea kïc exgkes euwbac uwg xcmg sgv ngmbmc g cfsgvyemcmbvg}engk}g! nes euwbac uwg xcmg sgv xgvogfbmc e}veyâs mc g gb}c gmcs mgsmcfvengk}cs jgvemcs xcv cw}vcs gygk}cs< f"ieabfbabmemg‟ efwsoe mg ockdgobngk}c xvgsswx ÷g vgockdgogv g esswnbv cs vbsocsmg xcssîygbs guwîycocs ke ekåabsg! gtbjbkmc wne efgv}wve e kcycsockdgobngk}cs< o"}veksigkcngkeabmemg. kgogssbmemg mg cadev c

gkýngkc xcv mgk}vc! bkmc eaân mg swe exevàkobe! e}gk}ekmc xevec xvbkoîxbc mg obgk}biobmemg gtxcs}c xcv Nevt! sgjwkmc c uwea ‑sg eexevàkobe g gssàkobe kïc sg ock wkmbssgn kïc xvgobsevbe e obàkobe„ g<ke uwev}e oeveo}gvîs}boe! xcmgncs sb}wev e m"ock}veigkcngkeabmemg ‟ sgjwkmc e uwea! e xev}bv me ekåabsg vgeabpeme xcmg.sg odgjev eockoaws÷gs e}â ngsnc cxcs}es èuwgaes ybsweabpemes ke exevàkobe


47/869

=9

mcs memcs! e}veyâs mg swes ekåabsgs xvgabnbkevgs $OCAABGV! 522="+Kgsse xgvsxgo}bye bnxcv}e euwb mgbtev oaeves es gs}vw}wves

mg xgksengk}cs g cs ngoekbsncs w}babpemcs xeve es ek å absgs g

ockoaws÷gs exvgsgk}emes! eycvgogkmc e ocnxvggksïc me }ve`g}ÿvbegsocadbme g ocksguwgk}gngk}g! swe xvÿxvbe eyeabeêïc+Cw}ve efcvmejgn gycoeme xeve c xvgsgk}g gs}wmc â e

G}kcng}cmcacjbe $OCWACK 5227$e"< 5227$f"< JEVIBKLGA 52:4<OEAMGVEKC! 6886 $x 76.7=""+ Xcmgncs mgs}eoev euwb wn mgsgws ockogb}cs xvbkobxebs uwg â ebkmbobeabmemg!e xev}bv mc uwea sg}cvke xcss îyga ocnxvggkmgv c igk ý ngkc e sgv cfsgvyemc ocn swesoeveo}gvîs}boes xev}bowaevgs! ock gvbkmc.adg wn sgk}bmc mg eocvmcocn e ybyàkobe g ncmcs mg }vefeadc xvÿxvbcs ecs sw`gb}cs gkycaybmcske eêïc ekeabseme+ E xev}bv mgssg ockogb}c exvgsgk}emc xcv Ocwack!xcmgncs eivnev uwg xeve uwg sg ockdgêe mg e}c wne meme vgeabmemgâ xvgobsc gk}gkmgv c sbjkbioemc mcs ock}gðmcs e xev}bv }enfân mccadev gsxgoîioc mcs sw`gb}cs uwg gs}ïc sg vgaeobckekmc ec coc mggs}wmc+

Â xvgobsc fwsoev c gk}gkmbngk}c mc xcssîyga sgk}bmc ock gvbmcec xvcogssc mg exvgkmbpejgn g mg eyeabeêïc+ Bssc }cvke.sg xcssîygaè ngmbme gn uwg sïc vgaeobckemes es gtxgvbàkobes xvâybes g e}webs!gs}efgagogkmc wn eocnxekdengk}c xvcogsswea! bkmbybmwea g ocag}bycsgn sg ocks}b}wbv kwn ncybngk}c dbgvåvuwboc g oaessbioe}ÿvbc mcssw`gb}cs+

Cw}vc ew}cv uwg ock}vbfwb sbjkbioe}byengk}g ocn es vg gt÷gseuwb exvgsgk}emes âJvensob uwg ec mgsovgygv g oeveo}gvbpev cbk}gago}wea cvjækbocxgvogfg.c ocnc euwgag sw`gb}c oexep mgbmgk}bioevcsgkscocnwn xvgsgk}g kes xgssces mg ncmc jgvea g ocndefbabmemg vgygaev cfcn sgksc kgag ock}bmc mg icvne e ock}vbfwbv ocne gagyeêïc ncvea g bk}gago}wea mcs sw`gb}cs coeabpemcs $JVEN_OB!52:=$e"! 52:=$f"! 5247! 5249< OEAMGVEKC! 5244 $oex BB""+

Ocnxvggkmgv c uwgsgxesse mgk}vcmeaÿjboemc sgksc ocnwn!

mbeacjev ocn gsse aÿjboe vgockdgogkmc.e xcv mgk}vc! bmgk}bioev sgws‑xck}cs våjgbs„ocks}b}wgnwneockmbêïcbkmbsxgksåyga xeve‟mcxck}cmg ybs}e swf`g}byc me eyeabeêïc ‟ }veks cvnev xvå}boes oc}bmbekes xcwoc


48/869

=:

vg g}bmes gn xvå}boes cvjækboes! ejwêekmc c mgsg`c mg swxgveêïc mesmgfbabmemgs gkock}vemes kgssg oc}bmbekc+ Mc xck}c mg ybs}e cf`g}bycme eyeabeêïc! â ockmbêïc xeve jgvev es ockmbê÷gs kgogssåvbes xeve

}ea swxgveêïc }ek}c mc xck}c ybs}e nbovc uwek}c neovc me eyeabeêïc+C xvcogssc mg eyeabeêïc! ocnxvggkmbmc ocnc xev}g mcxvcogssc mg exvgkmbpejgn! xvgobse sgv ekeabsemc mgssg xck}c mgybs}e sg sg uwbsgv g g}byengk}g ock}vbfwbv ocn e ocks}vwêïc mg kcycssefgvgs! kcyes xvå}boes! kcycs ockdgobngk}cs+ Oesc ock}våvbc gag

wkobcke ocnc wn xevgogv gs}ekuwg! ow`cs g gb}cs kïc sg }gn ock}vcageajwn+

Cw}vc ew}cv ogk}vea kgssg ock`wk}c mg vg gt÷gs uwg sgsgjwgn â Jbmmgks+ Gk}vg es ock}vbfwbê÷gs mgssg ew}cv xeve c oenxcgmwoeobckea! mgs}eoencs sgw ockogb}c mgej à kobe! sgjwkmc c uweakgkdwn mg kÿs â wne ‑nevbckg}g„ epgkmc exgkes c uwg ‑uwgvgn„ cwc uwg ‑gtbjgn„ uwg eêencs+ Oeme wn mg kÿs }gn c ‑xcmgv mg eêïc„!c xcmgv mg ‑ epgv e mb gvgkêe„ $JBMMGK_ 5242! 522:! 5224! 6887<OEAMGVEKC! 6886 $x 9=.:=""+

Jbmmgks efcvme egs}vw}wve scobeaocnc sbnwa}ekgengk}gocks}vekjgmcve g xcssbfbab}emcve g ieae me kgogssbmemg me gs}vw}wvegkuwek}c ocks}vwêïc scobea+ Xcv swe ygp! gsse mweabmemg . uwgocks}vekjg g xcssbfbab}e ‟ ieycvgog }ek}c es xgvnek à kobes uwek}c esnwmek ê es scobebs memc uwg! ke gs}vw}wve gs}å bkow}bme e eêïc mcsejgk}gs uwg xcv swe ygp e}wen scfvg gae+ Cs ejgk}gs scobebs! ecvgockdgogvgn cs gk}veygs xvgsgk}gs ke gs}vw}wve }àn! scfvg}wmc! eoexeobmemg mg bmgk}bioev gsxeêcs! e}veyâs mcs uwebs sg xcmg e}wev mgwn ncmc mb gvgk}g meuwbac uwg cve xvgybengk}g gs}efgagobmc+ Essbnoefg ec ejgk}g scobea }gv oaevgpe scfvg e gs}vw}wve! bmgk}bioev csngoekbsncs uwg ocgtbs}gn kgae g e}wev ocn wne ‑ew}ckcnbe vgae}bye„kïc sgkmc! xcv}ek}c! sgw vg ân+

E ekåabsg mc xvcogssc mg eyeabeêïc me exvgkmbpejgn euwbmgs}eoemc vg g}g e xgvogxêïc mg uwg kïc sg xcmg kgjev c xexga mcs

sw`gb}cs uwg xgv}gkogn e gssg xvcogssc ‟ sg`e xvc gsscv! sg`e eawkc ‟ kgn }enxcwoc sg xcmg bmgk}bioå.acs mg ncmc bscaemc vgk}g e wnegs}vw}wve uwg yeb eaân mgags g xcv ygpgs bk}gv gvg mbvg}engk}g gn


49/869

=4

swes e ê÷gs+Xcv cw}vc aemc! ockogfg.sg gsse gs}vw}wve gn swe mweabmemg!

sg`e c oenxc mes wkbygvsbmemgs! mcs sbs}gnes mg gksbkc! mes gsocaes

cw mcs gsxeêcs enbabevgs gn uwg sg gkock}ven cs eawkcs+ Gssegs}vw}wve uwg ocks}vekjg g c gvgog abnb}gs! }enfân xcssbfbab}e eê÷gsg gtbjg e ovbe}bybmemg! bkbobe}bye g ew}ckcnbe+ Xcv}ek}c kïc sg ockogfge gs}vw}wve ocnc mg}gvnbkek}g mes eê÷gs! gae bk wgkobe! nes kïcmg}gvnbke e oexeobmemg mg eêïc mgssgs sw`gb}cs gkycaybmcs+

Ocn bssc odenencs e e}gkêïc xeve c sgjwbk}g esxgo}c0 cie}c mg xvg}gkmgvncs bv eaân mes exevàkobes‟ gn fwsoe mg wneocnxvggksïc mc sgk}bmc bkmbobea ock}bmc kes bk}gvxvg}eê÷gs mesvgsxcs}esexvgsgk}emesgn wn xvcogssc mg eyeabeêïc! sg`e gaggsocaev cw eoemà nboc ‟ gssg xvcogmbngk}c kïc sg xew}e kc bkmbybmweabsncng}cmcaÿjboc! sgjwkmc c uwea }wmc xcmg sgv gtxaboemc e xev}bv mecfsgvye êïc mc bkmbyîmwc cw mg swes eê÷gs+ ]enxcwoc sg ybkowae esgw cxcs}c ‟ dcabsnc ng}cmcaÿjboc! sgjwkmc c uwea!icv ê es cowa}escw e neovc gs}vw}wve scobea sgvbe$n" e$s" vgsxcksåyga$gbs" xgaes eê÷gsmgssgs ngsncs sw`gb}cs+

Mb gvgk}gngk}g! kwne xgvsxgo}bye mg sîk}gsg! xvÿxvbe ecVgeabsnc Ovî}boc! owbmencs sgnxvg mg coeabpev cs sw`gb}cs gnenfbgk}g mg exvgkmbpejgn g mg eyeabeêïc! ocnxvggkmgkmc.cs gnswe bksgvêïc scobea! mgk}vc mg sgw xvÿxvbc ock}gt}c gmwoeobckea! ocnxcmgv mg eêïc mgabnb}emc xgaes gs}vw}wves nes kïc mg}gvnbkemcxcv gae+ _cngk}g essbn `wajencs sgv xcssîyga bmgk}bioev aeowkes!mgfbabmemgs g xc}gkobeabmemgs gn enfcs cs oenxcs . nbovc g neovc. vgwkbkmc cvêes xeve exck}ev ea}gvke}byes uwg swxgvgn c gs}åjbc mgocnxvggksïc mcs xvcogsscs mg exvgkmbpejgn g mg eyeabe êïc g csvgswa}emcs mgocvvgk}gs mg enfcs cs xvcogsscs+

Ocn bssc! }ek}c ke xvå}boe oc}bmbeke ocnc mcogk}g! g kee}bybmemg mg bkygs}bjeêïc eogvoe mc xvcogssc mg icvne êïc mgxvc gsscvgs g me eyeabeêïc mgssg xvcogssc! mgxevenc.kcs ocn gssg

mgseic mg ocnxvggkmgv cs vgswa}emcs eaoekêemcs! sgn kgw}veabpev esxgowabevbmemgs mesvgsxcs}esgkock}vemes!nes! scfvg}wmc sgnxgvmgv mg ybs}e c ock}gt}c gn uwg sg gkock}ven g c sbjkbioemc xgsscea g


50/869

=2

scobea e}vbfwîmc e gssg xvcogssc mg exvgkmbpejgn+ Essbn! xcv gtgnxac! ec sg mgxevev ocn wn mg}gvnbkemc

vgswa}emc uwg exck}e e xvgoevbgmemg mg exvgkmbpejgn mg wn

mg}gvnbkemc sw`gb}c ‟ eawkc! xvc gsscv! jgs}cv gmwoeobckea ‟ scfvgwn esxgo}c gsxgoîioc! nebs uwg oaessbioev ocnc wne vejbabmemgmc xvcogssc mg exvgkmbpejgn bnxcv}e.kcs mgob vev xcvuwg euwgagexvgkmbpemc kïc sg gp me cvne mgsg`eme! uwebs cskÿs xvgsgk}gskgssg xvcogssc! uwebs cs e}cvgs uwg bk}gv gvbven keuwgag vgswa}emc!uwebs es bnxaboeê÷gs meuwgagvgswa}emc g c uwgsg mgygvbe epgv e xev}bv meuwgag vgswa}emc }gkmc gn ybs}e c xvcogssc ock}îkwc mg cvneêïc+

Gk}vg mbygvscs }vefeadcs mgsgkycaybmcs kgssg oenxc! ioe oaevcxeve kÿs uwg c jvew mg bk}gvgssg xgac esswk}c gn coc! e bnxcv}ækobeockigvbme ec ock}g ðmc e sgv gs}wmemc g e xvgybsïc mg swe w}babpeêïcxvå}boe ocks}b}wgn wn ock`wk}c mg yevbåygbs uwg sg }veks cvnen gnnc}cv mg wne exvgkmbpejgn nebs emguweme!}veks gvîyga g mwvemcwve+Nebsemguwemexcvuwg sg ybsweabpe oaevengk}g e exvcxvbeêïc meuwgagockdgobngk}c+ ]veks gvîyga xcvuwg sg xgvogfg ocn eobabmemguwg euwgag ockdgobngk}c â eobangk}g }veksxcs}c! bk}gvxvg}emc g‑gkoebtemc„ ocn es mgybmes emex}eê÷gs gn sb}weê÷gs mbygvses+Mwvemcwvexcvuwg gag xesse e epgv xev}g mc oexb}ea owa}wvea meuwgagsw`gb}c uwg exvcxvbe }ea exvgkmbpejgn mg cvne xgvgkg+ Gsse sîk}gsgâ mgvbyeme mg wne sâvbg mg mgxcbngk}cs ocag}emcs `wk}c e eawkcs mcowvsc mg xgmejcjbe! ockoawbk}gs g gjvgsscs! fgn ocnc mg mbygvscsxvcissbckebs gn sgvybêc gk}vgybs}emcs ec ackjc mg mbs}bk}es xgsuwbsesscfvg e icvne êïc mcogk}g vgaeobckemes mbvg}engk}g ec xvcogssc mgexvgkmbpejgn g mg eyeabeêïc xgacs uwebs sg xesscw+

Kgssgs gs}wmcs! ioe gybmgk}g uwg c uwg exvgkmgven kc owvsccb gte}engk}g euwbac uwg gp sgk}bmc xeve oeme wn mgags mgsmg

uwekmc gs}wmeyen+ Cw sg`e! sg kc ncngk}c mc owvsc! c exvgkmbpemckïc ep sgk}bmc xeve c eawkc! euwgag ‑xeoc}g„ â acjc mgsoev}emc! kïcejwevmekmc ncngk}c mg wne kcye ek å absg e xev}bv cw scfvg gag+ Ec

ock}våvbc! uwekmc c gksbkengk}c ygn vgaeobckemc e wn sbjkbioemcock gvbmc xgac eawkc! gssg exvgkmbpemc â uweabioemc! vgaeobckemc!enxabemc g mgsgkycaybmc ocn nebcv ieobabmemg+


51/869

78

EAJWNE_ VGIAGT× G_ E XEV]BV MG ]VEFEADC_ MGXG_UWB_E

Gk}vg es xgsuwbses vgeabpemes ocn ockoawbk}gs mc owvscmg xgmejcjbe uwg `å e}wen ocnc xvc gsscvgs! ocn gjvgsscs mcowvsc g ebkme ocn xvcissbckebs cvbwkmcs mg mbygvscs owvscs mgxgmejcjbe $OEAMGVEKC! 6882! f"! cfsgvyencs uwg ec sg eyeabev c xvÿxvbc owvsc! eajwks facocs mg uwgs}÷gs sïc exvgsgk}emcs! mgncmc mgs}eoemc0 ovî}boes g nâvb}cs sïc exck}emcs xeve es mbsobxabkesabjemes ecs wkmengk}cs+ Ng}cmcacjbes! gs}åjbcs g sefgvgs gsocaevgsgsxgoîiocs+ Kgkdwne ngkêïc ‟ sg`e mg nâvb}c cw ovî}boe ‟ â gb}evgae}bye ec xvcogssc mg eyeabeêïc mc owvsc! cw e mbsobxabkes uwg }ve}enmgssg ock}gðmc+ Â ocnc sg gsse mbngksïc mc xvcogssc mg cvneêïcg mg e}weêïc xvcissbckea kïc gtbjbssg kgn ngvgogssg nebcv e}gkêïc+

Gn cw}vc gs}wmc uwg gkycaygw sg}g BG_ mg Nbkes Jgvebs!ow`cs memcs cven agyek}emcs `wk}c e 6?8 xvc gsscvgs gn sgvybêc!xvcowvencs ekeabsev g vgaeobckev }vàs cocs gsxgoîiocs0 e cvneêïc!c }vefeadc mcogk}g g e eyeabeêïc sbs}ànboe+ Kgsse bkygs}bjeêïc! csgjvgsscs mcs owvscs mg xgmejcjbe uwg e}wen gn gsocae! ec sgvgnbkmejemcs scfvg c owvsc mg cvneêïc bkbobeakc uwg }ekjg è xvgxeveêïcxcv gag c gvgobme uwek}c èeyeabeêïc mg xvcogsscs mg gksbkc gexvgkmbpejgn ! mbssgven! gn swe jvekmg nebcvbe! uwg c owvsc csxvgxevcw exgkes ‑xevobeangk}g„ $78!:'"< =?' mbssgven uwg c owvsccs xvgxevcw ‑emguwemengk}g„+ Eivnen uwg c owvsc ‑kïc xvgxevcw„9!?' g! ?!5' kïc uwbsgven vgsxckmgv+ $OEAMGVEKC! occvm+ 6882! o"

Kc}encs uwg c mgsgkycaybngk}c mc xvcogssc mc gksbkc gexvgkmbpejgn g! me ngsne cvne! cs xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïc geocnxekdengk}c mgssg xgvowvsc! kcs owvscs mg cvneêïc bkbobea!sïc xcwoc exvc wkmemcs+ Kgssg ock}gt}c c exvgkmbpemc xvcissbckeaeoefe sgkmc bk cvnemc xvbcvb}evbengk}g xgae gtxgvbàkobe xvå}boe ybybmegn seae mg ewae ‟ ocnc eawkc mcs ekcs bkbobebs ec gksbkc n â mbc cw me

jvemweêïc! g kïc kgogssevbengk}g xgac uwg sg gs}wmcw g exvgkmgw}gcvboengk}g kgssgs owvscs+

Cfsgvyencs }enfân uwg kïc då wne xvå}boe sbs}gnå}boe


52/869

75

mg mbsowssïc scfvg cs xvcogsscs mg eyeabeêïc! sg`e kcs owvscs mgjvemweêïc! sg`e kes gsocaes+ Nwb}c xcwoc cw keme sg mbsow}g e gssgvgsxgb}c+ Gn kcng me ew}ckcnbe mc xvc gsscv wkbygvsb}åvbc! xcv

gtgnxac! gkock}vencs wne mbygvsbmemg mg xvå}boes eyeabe}byes uwg}veksb}engk}vge}veks gvàkobexeveceawkcmg}ea}evg ee}veyâsmeew}c.eyeabeêïc e}â cw}vc gt}vgnc gn uwg c eawkc kïc ocksgjwg sg bk cvnev scfvg cs ovb}âvbcs g bkmboemcvgs xvgsgk}gs kes eyeabeê÷gs ès uwebs sgswfng}g+ Då oescs gn uwg es e}bybmemgs gn jvwxc xvgxckmgven kcxvcogssc mg eyeabeêïc! epgkmc swvjbv sb}weê÷gs gnfeveêcses gn uwgsg mgxeve! xcv gtgnxac! ocn wn mg}gvnbkemc eawkc gn wn ogkåvbcxev}bowaev! vgk}g ec uwea sg xgvjwk}e0 ocnc cb uwg gag ocksgjwbw sgv exvcyemc kes mbygvses mbsobxabkes xgaes uwebs xesscw3

Eovgmb}encs uwg gssg }ve}c xcwoc sbs}gnå}boc g cvjækboc mgsg }ve}ev e eyeabeêïc ke wkbygvsbmemg! jgve mg wn aemc! îkmbogs mgvgkmbngk}c gsocaev mg eawkc bkovbygangk}g mîsxevgs gk}vg mbsobxabkes ggk}vg owvscs mg jvemweêïc mbygvscs ‟ mg eocvmc ocn cs xvcogmbngk}csbkmbybmwebs }cnemcs xgacs xvcigsscvgs gkycaybmcs+

C ock}gðmc me eyeabeêïc }enfân kïc xevgog sgv cf`g}c mge}gkêïc ocag}bye+ Kgn sgnxvg sg eyeabe e bmgk}bioeêïc mg wn ockogb}c!xcv gtgnxac! g swe exaboefbabmemg! nes e bk}gvxvg}eêïc mgag uwg xcv swe ygp må nevjgn e wne enxab}wmg mg ocnxvggksïc xess îyga mg sgmgsybv}wev e bmgbe cvbjbkeangk}g xvcxcs}e xgac ew}cv! mgybmc è ea}e mgwn ockdgobngk}c nebs exvcxvbemc mcs iwkmengk}cs me }gsg xcv gagexvgsgk}eme+ G eî c goag}bsnc swvjg! c vgae}bybsnc efscaw}c ovgsog g ebksgjwvekêe xvcissbckea exevgog+ Kgssg oenxc! xcv ygpgs! nwme.sgexgkes e icvne me bkcxgvækobe eoem à nboe ‟ me mgxgkmà kobe efscaw}eè evvcjækobe sgn xvgogmgk}gs+

Cfsgvyekmc ocnc es gsocaes }àn }ve}emc e uwgs}ïc meeyeabeêïc! odencw.kcs e e}gkêïc! kc mbåvbc mg oenxc! c vgae}c mcmbåacjc me gk}vgybs}emcve ocn uwe}vc xvc gsscves mg wne mg}gvnbkemegsocae! sgkmc uwg wne mgaes cowxe c oevjc mg mbvg}cv g es cw}ves }vàs

e}wen ocnc occvmgkemcve xgmejÿjboe+ Ec eaevgn scfvg c sbs}gnemg eyeabeêïc! vg gvgn.sg ocks}ek}gngk}g ès xvcyes mgsgkycaybmesg exaboemes xgacs xvc gsscvgs uwg e}wen gn swe gsocae+ Gaes mïc


53/869

76

àk esg e gssg esxgo}c g mbpgn uwg cs xvc gsscvgs mgncks}ven.sgnwb}c xvgscs è exaboeêïc mg xvcyes+ Cs vgae}cs mg xgsuwbse cvbwkmcsmc mbåvbc mg oenxc! fgn ocnc cs mgxcbngk}cs ocag}emcs e}veyâs mg

gk}vgybs}es cven ocks}vwîmcs mgk}vc mg wn }vefeadc mg bkygs}bjeêïc!ow`cs memcs g ekåabsgs ocnxag}es xcmgn sgv ybs}cs gn Oeamgvekc$occvm+"! $6882!f"+ Wne mes gk}vgybs}emcves exvgsgk}e c sgjwbk}gvgjbs}vc mg oenxc0

E mbvg}cve eae me eyeabeêïc ocnc wn mcs xvbkobxebs xvcfagnes+ Xgvjwk}c uwea â c xvcfagne gn vgaeêïc èeyeabeêïc g gae mbp uwg â e uwgs}ïc me xvcye+ _gjwkmcgae! cs xvc gsscvgs nek}àn.sg nwb}c xvgscs è exaboeêïcmg xvcyes+ Xgvjwk}c ocnc gaes gkoenbkdeven es

mbsowss÷gs scfvg cs vgswa}emcs mc }gs}g g gaesocngk}en uwg nck}even jvwxcs mg gs}wmcs! nes cs xvc gsscvgs kïc sg bk}gvgsseyen! kïc aben cs }gt}cs+Xgvjwk}c ckmg gaes fwsoeven c excbc }gÿvboc xevees mbsowss÷gs g gaes vgae}en uwg cven e wne gsocaegs}emwea uwg gs}eye }vefeadekmc gsse uwgs}ïc g uwgadgs cvkgogve eajwn swxcv}g+ Agyek}c e uwgs}ïc mekgogssbmemg me }gcvbe g gaes xevgogn k ï c ockocvmev nwb}c+ E occvmgkemcveG+ eae uwg ès ygpgs kïc embek}e

nwb}c+ Xgvjwk}c sg

Documents

Convergências e tensões no campo da formação e do trabalho docente