MEG-12-EM.pdf

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E\. <. ^rotc l bctloicb ektc ke tmc ncecrli Flelbole lttotubc tkwlrbs ”Elturc‟, leb mkw tmc clriy sctticrs

rcspkebcb tk ot;

Les. Novce tmc oggcesc ogpkrtlefc ka elturc wotmoe Flelbole fuiturc, leb cspcfoliiy wotmoe tmc iotcrlry oglnoel-

toke, gley typcs leb ncercs fkuib dc fkesobcrcb tk dc "elturc wrotoen," arkg sfocetoaof trcltoscs, gcgkors, leb cxpikrl-

toke `kurelis, tmrkunm ekvcis leb smkrt stkrocs, leb oefiuboen lii joebs ka pkctry arkg tmc cpof tk tmc smkrt iyrof. Rk dc

surc, l auii lffkuet gust oefiubc wkrjs ka prksc leb pkctry dktm oe Arcefm leb Ceniosm, Flelbl's twk kaaofoli ilenulncs.

^moic tmos cxlgoeltoke ka prksc wrottce oe Ceniosm gonmt sccg uebuiy rcstroftcb, ot bkcs rcvcli drklbiy lppiofldic trcebs

leb gktoas. Aurtmcrgkrc, elturc wrotoen oe Flelbl gly dc rciltcb tk cotmcr cxpiofot kr ogpiofot rcionoke. Oa tmc elturli

wkrib os fkgprcmcebcb uebcr tmc lcnos ka l rcionokus wkribvocw lirclby wobciy mcib leb prkgktcb dy rcionokus oestotu-

tokes, tmce elturc wrotoen oe sufm l fketcxt os ioejcb tk cxpiofot rcionoke.

Oe tmos ionmt kibcr Flelbole wrotoen arcqucetiy bctloicb oe uelgdonukus tcrgs l slvlnc leb ueakrnovoen elturli wkrib

oemldotcb dy akrfcs kppkscb tk tmc krbcr ka nrlfc leb tk tmc bovoec trlesakrgltoke ka tmc mugle. Icss fkggke, dutcquliiy cxpiofot, wls tmc rcionoke ka elturc wrotoen tmlt sct-akrtm l mugle rclig fkrruptcb dy mugle soe fketrlstcb wotm le

uealiice leb dcecvkicet wkrib ka elturc. Rwk stkrocs letmkiknozcb oe Rmc Kxakrb Dkkj ka Flelbole Vmkrt Vtkrocs oe

Ceniosm oiiustrltc tmos piloe leb uelgdonukus pkrtrlyli ka elturc oe tmc cxpiofot rcionokus fketcxt ka eoectccetm-fcetury

Flelbl. Elturc wrotcr Fmlrics N. B. Tkdcrts, oe mos stkry "Bk Vccj Rmcor Gclt arkg Nkb," fketrlsts tmc oestoeft prkgptoen

l pletmcr tk stlij l fmoib wotm tmc prkvobcetoli urnc tmlt iclbs l altmcr tk slvc tmlt fmoib. Oe Vusoc Arlefcs Mlrroske's "Rmc

Obyi ka tmc Osileb" l foty-wclry vosotkr arkg l eclrdy mktci fkgcs upke l wkgle siccpoen ke l gkssy fkufm oe le cbceof

osileb scttoen, bcsfrodcb oe tmc gkst iyrofliiy rkgletof tcrgs. Sp uetoi l ncecrltoke kr sk lnk tmc cxpiofotiy rcionokus

fketcxt ka Flelbole elturc wrotoen wls l supcrelturli tmcosg tmlt pilfcb tmc Frcltkr kutsobc ka elturc. Rmc wkrib ka

elturc wls cotmcr kppkscb tk kr liiocb wotm tmlt trlesfcebcet rclig ka nrlfc. Lt ots cxtrcgc elturc gonmt dc pkrtrlycb oe

ecnltovc tcrgs ls tmc rclig ka blrjecss leb bcgkes. Kec fle lisk ikkj lt tmc glp ka Flelbl ls l boliknuc wotm tmc

woibecss, tmc woibcrecss, le kdscssoke, leb ots rcpctotovc caakrt tk rciocvc tmlt vcry gkgcet ka le cefkuetcr ka tmc sctticrs

wotm tmc elturc. ̂ lfkustl kr tmc Xrkpmcfy's tlic ka tmc Flelbls wls l ekvci ke woibcrecss dy Gl`kr @kme Tofmlrbske wmkakunmt wotm tmc Drotosm lrgy lnloest tmc Lgcrofles oe tmc wlr ka <=<4. Rmc ekvci wls l Nktmof cxtrlvlnlezl sct oe tmc

<>16. Ot wls l mostkrofli rkglefc tmlt bcsfrodcb tmc ilst Oebole uprosoens wmofm wcrc icb dy tmc algkus fmoca Xketocs

lnloest tmc Drotosm akrts. Rmc twk akrts lffkrboen tk Tofmlrbske wcrc tmc kutpksts ka fovoiozltoke wmofm wcrc ikst oe tcrrkr

leb woibcrecss leb wcrc bcspcrltciy tryoen tk prktcft tmc trlbotokes ka Drotosm Fuiturc. Rmc strkencst fmlrlftcr oe tmc

ekvci os tmc akrcst‖ l ’psyfmkiknofli splfc tmlt os ueoglnoeltovciy tcrroayoen‗. Fuiturc leb elturc lrc oe tktli kppksotoke

tk clfm ktmcr leb tmcrc os keiy tmc pkssodoioty ka l eonmtglrc oe sufm l sotultoke.

Oe <?13 Licf Iufls, fketrodutoen l fmlptcr ke ’Elturc ^rotcrs leb tmc Leogli Vtkry‗ tk Iotcrlry Mostkry ka Flelbl0

Flelbole Iotcrlturc oe Ceniosm, sct Flelbole elturc wrotoen oe tmc arlgcwkrj ka wcstcre iotcrlry mostkry. Iufls smkwcb

LVVONEGCER VKISROKEV NSOBC (48<2-48<3)

G.C.N.-<4Flelbole Iotcrlturc

L Vurvcy Fkursc oe 48tm Fcetury Bosfilogcr/Vpcfoli Ektc0 Rmcsc lrc ùst tmc slgpic ka tmc Leswcrs/Vkiutokes tk skgc ka tmc \ucstokes novce oe tmc

Lssonegcets. Rmcsc Vlgpic Leswcrs/Vkiutokes lrc prcplrcb dy Xrovltc Rclfmcr/Rutkrs/Lumtkrs akr tmc mcip leb Nuoblefc

ka tmc stubcet tk nct le obcl ka mkw mc/smc fle leswcr tmc \ucstokes ka tmc Lssonegcets. ̂ c bk ekt filog <88% Lffurlfy

ka tmcsc slgpic Leswcrs ls tmcsc lrc dlscb ke tmc jekwicbnc leb fldldoioty ka Xrovltc Rclfmcr/Rutkr. Vlgpic leswcrs

gly dc scce ls tmc Nuobc/Mcip Dkkj akr tmc rcacrcefc tk prcplrc tmc leswcrs ka tmc \ucstoke novce oe tmc lssonegcet. Ls

tmcsc skiutokes leb leswcrs lrc prcplrcb dy tmc provltc tclfmcr/tutkr sk tmc fmlefcs ka crrkr kr gostljc fleekt dc bceocb.

Ley Kgossoke kr Crrkr os monmiy rcnrcttcb tmkunm cvcry flrc mls dcce tljce wmoic prcplroen tmcsc Vlgpic Leswcrs/

Vkiutokes. Xiclsc fkesuit ykur kwe Rclfmcr/Rutkr dcakrc yku prcplrc l Xlrtofuilr Leswcr & akr uptkbltc leb cxlft

oeakrgltoke, bltl leb skiutoke. Vtubcet smkuib gust rclb leb rcacr tmc kaaofoli stuby gltcroli prkvobcb dy tmc ueovcrsoty.

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mkw wrotoen ldkut tmc elturli wkrib, arkg dodiofli leb filssofli tcxts tmrkunm tmc gcbocvli pcrokb, oecvotldiy fkefcrecb

otscia wotm tmc mugle rciltokesmop tk elturc, leb ùst ls katce, wotm tmc rciltokesmop ka dktm tmc mugle leb elturli tk tmc

bovoec. Lffkrboeniy, leogli aldics lgkuetcb tk fkggcetlrocs ke pckpic leb skfoli rciltokes, katce liicnkrozoen leb

gkrliostof, leb lssugoen bkgoeoke kvcr elturc tmlt wls prkvobcb akr mugle dcecaot dy Nkb.

Rmkunm Tcelosslefc mugleosg prkgktcb fiksc cxlgoeltoke ka tmc wmkic ka elturc, leb oefiubcb mugles wotmoe

elturc, Flrtcsole iknof leb Ecwtkeole pmysofs akstcrcb l rltokeliostof uebcrstleboen ka l gcfmleostof wkrib. Oe tmc

eoectccetm fcetury, tmkunm Tkgletofosg's bosfkvcry ka l gkrli krbcr wotmoe elturc nlvc wly tk Blrwoeoleosg, dktm

gkvcgcets rcstkrcb mugle dcoens tk tmc wkrib ka elturc. Iufls kutioecs tmc fketrodutokes ka pokeccr wrotcrs leb aocib

elturliosts tk Flelbole elturc wrotoen, sunncstoen tmlt dy tmc twcetoctm fcetury elturc fclscb tk dc l skurfc ka gkrli ilwkr cvobcefc ka tmc bovoec, dut l ueoty oefiuboen dktm pckpic leb leoglis. Mc trlfcs tmc Flelbole trlbotoke ka kutbkkrs leb

leogli stkrocs, skgctogcs oe tmc plstkrli trlbotoke, skgctogcs tmrkunm elturli mostkry, tmlt katce lbvkfltcb l rcture tk

elturc tk csflpc tmc cvois ka urdle ioac leb tk rcarcsm tmc sporot. ̂ otmoe lii ka tmc sfmkkis leb ncercs tmlt Iufls survcys leb

bctlois wmltcvcr cstogltc os novce ka elturc tcebs tk dc glbc lnloest tmc dlfjbrkp ka Fmrostoleoty oe ots vlrokus akrgs. Rmc

rcionoke ka elturc os sudkrboeltcb tk l Fmrostole wkribvocw, kr uebcrstkkb ncecrliiy wotmoe tmc fketcxt ka wcstcre

gkektmcosg.

\. 4. Oggonrltoke mls dcce fcetrli tk tmc mostkry ka Flelbl. Bosfuss tmos ossuc jccpoen oe goeb Flelbl‟s

guitofuiturliosg.

Les. Oe <?><, Flelbl cgdlrjcb ke l ueoquc cxpcrogcet dy bcfilroen l pkiofy ka kaaofoli "guito-fuiturliosg". Lf-

fkrboen tk Xocrrc Rrubclu, wmk oetrkbufcb tmc pkiofy oe tmc Mkusc ka Fkggkes, tmc pkiofy mlb tmc akiikwoen akur logs0

tk suppkrt tmc fuiturli bcvcikpgcet ka ctmek fuiturli nrkups: tk mcip gcgdcrs ka ctmek fuiturli nrkups tk kvcrfkgc

dlrrocrs tk auii plrtofopltoke oe Flelbole skfocty: tk prkgktc frcltovc cefkuetcrs leb oetcrfmlenc lgken lii ctmek fuiturli

nrkups: leb tk lssost ecw Flelboles oe lfquoroen lt iclst kec ka Flelbl's kaaofoli ilenulncs.

Litmkunm tmc pkiofy ka guitofuiturliosg wls aorst lbkptcb dy tmc acbcrli nkvcregcet, ot wls cxpiofotiy bcsonecb ls l

gkbci akr ktmcr icvcis ka nkvcregcet, leb oebccb ot mls dcce fkpocb wobciy. hGuitofuiturliosg prknrlgs' fle ekw dc

akueb, ekt ùst oe tmc guitofuiturliosg kaaofc ka tmc acbcrli nkvcregcet, dut lisk lt tmc prkvoefoli kr gueofopli icvcis ka

nkvcregcet, leb oebccb wotmoe l wobc rlenc ka pudiof leb provltc oestotutokes, sufm ls sfmkkis kr dusoecsscs.

Rmcsc pkiofocs lrc ekw uebcr lttlfj, pcrmlps gkrc sk tkbly tmle lt ley togc soefc <?><. Rmc bcdltc mls mcltcb up

iltciy, oe plrt dcflusc ka twk rcfcet frotoqucs ka tmc guitofuiturliosg pkiofy0 Ecoi Dosskkebltm's Vciioen Oiiusokes0 Rmc Fuit

ka Guitofuiturliosg oe Flelbl, leb Tofmlrb Nwye's Eltokeliosg ôtmkut ^liis0 Rmc Sedclrldic Ionmtecss ka Dcoen

Flelbole. Dktm gljc vcry sogoilr filogs ldkut tmc rcsuits ka tmc pkiofy. Oe plrtofuilr, dktm lrnuc tmlt guitofuiturliosg mls

prkgktcb l akrg ka ctmeof scplrltosg lgkenst oggonrlets.

Rmus Dosskkebltm slys tmlt guitofuiturliosg mls icb tk "uebceoldic nmcttkozltoke". Tltmcr tmle prkgktoen oetcnrltoke,guitofuiturliosg os cefkurlnoen tmc obcl tmlt oggonrlets smkuib akrg "scia-fketloecb" nmcttks "lioceltcb arkg tmc

gloestrclg". Rmos nmcttkozltoke os "ekt le cxtrcgc ka guitofuiturliosg dut ots obcli0 l wly ka ioac trlespkrtcb wmkic, l

iottic kutpkst ka cxktofosg prcscrvcb leb prktcftcb". Mc lpprkvoeniy quktcs Lrtmur Vfmicsoencr's filog tmlt guitofuiturliosg

rcsts upke l "fuit ka ctmeofoty" wmofm "cxlnncrltcs boaacrcefcs, oetcesoaocs rcscetgcets leb letlnkeosgs, leb brovcs cvce

bccpcr tmc lwaui wcbncs dctwcce rlfcs leb eltokeliotocs. Rmc cebnlgc os scia-poty leb scia-nmcttkozltoke", kr wmlt

Vfmicsoencr fliis "fuiturli leb ioenuostof lplrtmcob". Lffkrboen tk Dosskkebltm, guitofuiturliosg pkiofy bkcs ekt cefkurlnc

oggonrlets tk tmoej ka tmcgscivcs ls Flelboles, leb oebccb cvce tmc fmoibrce ka oggonrlets "fketoeuc tk scc Flelbl

wotm tmc cycs ka akrconecrs. Guitofuiturliosg, wotm ots cgpmlsos ke tmc ogpkrtlefc ka mkiboen ke tk tmc akrgcr kr lefcstrli

mkgcileb, wotm ots oesostcefc tmlt tmcrc os gkrc ogpkrtlet tmle Mcrc, cefkurlncs sufm lttotubcs".

Nwye gljcs tmc slgc filog oe sogoilr ilenulnc. Mc lrnucs tmlt "kaaofoli guitofuiturliosg cefkurlncs lplrtmcob, kr

tk dc l dot icss mlrsm, nmcttkosg". Rmc gkrc guitofuiturliosg pkiofy mls dcce oe pilfc, "tmc monmcr tmc fuiturli wliis mlvc

nkec up oesobc Flelbl". Guitofuiturliosg cefkurlncs ctmeof iclbcrs tk jccp tmcor gcgdcrs "lplrt arkg tmc gloestrclg",prlftofoen "wmlt fle dcst dc bcsfrodcb ls gkek-fuiturliosg". Oe tmos wly, "Kur stltc cefkurlncs tmcsc nltcjccpcrs tk

gloetloe wmlt lgkuets, lt wkrst, tk le lplrtmcob akrg ka fotozcesmop".

Oa tmcsc filogs wcrc truc, ot wkuib dc l scrokus oeboftgcet ka tmc pkiofy. Seakrtueltciy, ecotmcr Dosskkebltm ekr Nwye

prkvobcs ley cgporofli cvobcefc akr tmcor filogs. Mkw mls tmc lbkptoke ka guitofuiturliosg oe <?>< laacftcb tmc oetcnrltoke

ka oggonrlet nrkups oe Flelbl; Rk leswcr tmos qucstoke rcquorcs skgc lffkuet ka wmlt "oetcnrltoke" oevkivcs. Ot os kec

ka tmc puzzioen aclturcs ka tmc Nwye/Dosskkebltm frotoquc tmlt tmcy bk ekt bcaoec cxlftiy wmlt tmcy gcle dy oetcnrltoke.

Mkwcvcr, wc fle pocfc tknctmcr skgc ka tmc tmoens wmofm tmcy scc ls frufoli oenrcbocets ka oetcnrltoke0 lbkptoen l

Flelbole obcetoty rltmcr tmle fioenoen cxfiusovciy tk kec's lefcstrli obcetoty: plrtofopltoen oe drklbcr Flelbole oestotutokes



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rltmcr tmle plrtofopltoen skiciy oe ctmeof-spcfoaof oestotutokes: iclreoen le kaaofoli ilenulnc rltmcr tmle rciyoen skiciy ke

kec's gktmcr-tkenuc: mlvoen oetcr-ctmeof arocebsmops kr cvce goxcb-glrrolncs rltmcr tmle skfoliozoen cetorciy wotmoe kec's

ctmeof nrkup. Rmcsc skrts ka frotcrol bk ekt akrg l fkgprcmcesovc tmckry ka "oetcnrltoke", dut tmcy sccg tk dc lt tmc mclrt

ka Nwye leb Dosskkebltm's fkefcres ldkut guitofuiturliosg, sk tmcy lrc l nkkb stlrtoen-pkoet.

\. 6. Bosfuss tmc fketrodutoke ka tmc twk ekvciost pkcts, Ltwkkb leb Kebllt`c, tk Flelbole pkctry.

Les. Gofmlci Kebllt`c, pkct, ekvciost, aoiggljcr, cbotkr (wls dkre oe Fkikgdk, Fcyike ZVro IlejlW ke <4 Vcpt.

<?26. Gofmlci Kebllt`c's wkrj katce dicebs kr fkuetcrpkscs tmc alftuli leb tmc oglnoelry, pkctry leb prksc. Mos ikencr

elrrltovc wkrjs, katce dlscb ke tmc uekrtmkbkx iovcs ka rcli pckpic, gly fketloe bkfugcetlry ls wcii ls aoftokeli lf-

fkuets. Kebllt`c's oglncry os fmlrlftcrozcb dy ots prckffupltoke wotm rkgletof cxktofosg leb guitofuiturliosg: ots nrlvo-tltoke tkwlrbs tmc dozlrrc, tmc cxlnncrltcb, leb tmc ueiojciy: ots alsfoeltoke wotm tmc scfrct fkbcs ka vokicefc oe dktm

pcrskeli leb pkiotofli ioac: leb wotm ots fketoeucb bcivoen oetk tmc wkrib ka gkvocs, `lzz leb arocebsmop. Mos wkrj os lisk

ektldic akr ots foecgltof quliotocs oe ots arcqucet usc ka gketlnc tcfmeoqucs leb splrc brlgltof boliknuc.

Mc os tmc lutmkr ka akur fkiicftokes ka pkctry oefiuboen Rmc Foeelgke Xccicr leb gkst rcfcetiy, Mlebwrotoen. Mos

wkrjs ka aoftoke oefiubc Leoi's Nmkst, Rmc Ceniosm Xltocet , Oe tmc Vjoe ka l Ioke, Fkgoen "tmrkunm Vilunmtcr, leb Rmc

Fkiicftcb ^krjs ka Doiiy tmc Job .

Kebllt`c's pkctry dcflgc le ogpkrtlet plrt ka bcaoeoen mos wrotoen styic, liikwoen mog tk cxpcrogcet wotm arln-

gcetcb fkesfokusecss, ̀ uxtlpksotoke ka ueiojc oglncs, leb cxpcrogcetli rmytmg. Mc wcet ke tk pudiosm tmc pkctry fkiicf-

tokes. Rmc Fkiicftcb ^krjs ka Doiiy tmc Job oe <?>8 liken wotm scvcrli ktmcrs.

Glrnlrct Ltwkkb's pkctry os ekt rcstaui: ot woii ekt skktmc flrcwkre scesodoiotocs. Ots caacft os gkrc iojc dcoen silggcb

tmrkunm tmc ikkjoen-nilss, kr ylejcb kut ka tmc lubocefc tk pily l plrt oe l sfcec dctwcce tmc vkofc ka tmc proetcb plnc

leb tmc clr ka tmc rclboen cyc. Oe sufm l bosikfltoke, kec nrkpcs akr gctlpmkr, accioen iojc akr Dkttkg oe L Gobsuggcr

Eonmt's Brclg wmk, ke wljoen arkg mos truc brclg, stlggcrs, "O mlvc mlb l gkst rlrc vosoke." Tlrc vosoke oebccb os dktm

novce tk leb rcquorcb ka tmksc wmk fmkksc tk dc oevkivcb. Rmc furtloe-rloscr akr scicftcb pkcgs, "Rmos Os L Xmktknrlpm

Ka Gc," cxcgpioaocs tmc rmctkrofli rciltokesmop lssugcb dctwcce lutmkr leb rclbcr0 le oefopocet oetoglfy os cstldiosmcb

buroen wmofm tmc prciogoelrocs mlvc dcce fkefiubcb leb wc lrc ekw tmugdoen tmrkunm tmc algoiy lidug tknctmcr. Rmc

rclbcr os uebcrstkkb tk dc lftovciy oevkivcb oe tmc pkcgs, tk dc l trlesgottcr ls wcii ls l rcfcovcr, tmc vkofc ka tmc pkcg

sccgs tk lsscrt tmlt tmc rclbcr, l ekepkct, os fkgpictciy flpldic ka ’rlrc vosoke‗.

Dut oa yku ikkj iken cekunm cvcetuliiy yku woii dc ldic tk scc gc.

Rmos vkofc uebcrstlebs tmc uscs ka pkwcr.

Dut tmc ogplft ka tmc Vcicftcb Xkcgs bkcs o bcpceb skiciy upke tmcor pkwcr tk scbufc tmc rclbcr Katce, litmkunm tmc

tkec os ekt cxlftiy mcftkroen, tmc) sccg tk mlrlss kr tmrcltce oe skgc wly leb, wmctmco cvkjoen nkkb kr dlb accioens, tk

ogpoenc upke, fkiiobc wotm, tmc rclbcr's scesodoioty. Ot os mlrb tk dc oeboaacrcet tk tmcg. Rmc skurfc ka tmcor pkwcr os ektkdvokus0 tmc vkofc os sk vcry fkki leb bry, kstcesodiy bosplssokeltc: tmc ilfkeof vcrscs lrc uelbkrecb dy ruaaics kt aikur-

osmcs: tmcy ecotmcr soen `luety tuecs ekr fmlet tmc gusof ka tmc spmcrcs: tmcy bk ekt bcfilog kr bcsflet, woii ekt sklr kr

swkke. Mcrc os ek "pkctof boftoke," dut Rogc rues kut.(l styic ligkst lsfctofliiy borcft, tk tmc pkoet, leb tmcsc twotfge&

sjuii ̀ c lrc eclriy lii smkrt pkcgs. Cvce wmce tmc ilenulnc sccgs buii kr bkweionmt vlnuc, ls oe ’Rmos os l Xmktknrlpm ka

Gc,‗ ots kplfoty trlesgots soneoaoflefc. Akr cxlgpic, l scrocs ka ogprcfosc cxprcssokes cstldiosmcs tmc oefcetovc akr tmc

rclbcr tk bosflrb bosdcioca0 tmc skueb ka soefcroty. Rmc vkofc ka tmc pkcg uebcrstlebs kur oeotoli aloiurc tk pcrfcovc,

sgpltmozcs wotm kur oeldoioty tk ’nct mc pofturc‗ borcftiy leb nuobcs us ncetiy tmrkunm tmc gost0 ’skgc togc lnk,‗ ’lt

aorst,‗ "sccgs tk dc," "sgclrcb," "diurrcb ioecs," "nrcy aicfjs," "dicebcb," "l tmoen tmlt os iojc:" "plrt ka," "wmlt kunmt tk

dc," "Ot os boaaofuit tk sly," "wmcrc prcfosciy," "mkw ilrnc kr sglii," "bostkrtoke," "cvcetuliiy." Rmlt os l iken iost ka

lgdonuotocs, dut ls wc "sfle" tmc pkcg gkrc flrcauiiy, lektmcr iost cgcrncs0 l scqucefc ka fkeaobcet lsscrtokes, dcnoe-

eoen wotm tmc totic leb fkefiuboen wotm "yku woii dc ldic tk scc gc."

\. 2. ^mlt lrc tmc ossucs leb fkefcres tmlt tmc Flelbole ekvci bclis wotm;Les. Rmc bog dcnoeeoens ka iotcrlturc oe gley l eltoke lrc fkefcrecb wotm wlebcroens, qucsts, leb poinroglncs ka

cvcry skrt. Rmc iotcrlturc ka Flelbole trlvci leb cxpikrltoke os rofm oe rkglefc, dut ot rlrciy lfmocvcs iotcrlry cxfciicefc:

dcoen fmocaiy tmc wkrj ka lbvceturcrs arkg tmc Drotosm Osics, leb ciscwmcrc, ot fleekt liwlys dc bcsfrodcb ls Flelbole.

Rmc tktli caacft ka tmcsc `kurelis mls ekt, mkwcvcr, dcce wotmkut iotcrlry soneoaoflefc. Rmc kib blys wcrc rofm oe fmlrlftcr

oa ekt oe iotcrlry aoeosm, leb tmcsc rkdust pcrskeliotocs mlvc iclvcecb oe l strlenc gleecr tmc mostkry leb rkglefc, tmc

pkctry leb lrt ka kur bly. Aovc yclrs latcr Fmlgpiloe akuebcb \ucdcf, Flptloe Duttke spcet tmc woetcr lt tmc gkutm ka

tmc Eciske rovcr, oe Mubske dly . Rmc elgcs ka mlrby glroecrs, Mubske, Arkdosmcr, Blvos, Duttke, Akx, @lgcs, Dlaaoe leb

gley gkrc, lrc dcstkwcb upke dlys, strlots, osilebs leb rovcrs oe tmc ekrtm leb wcst. Tlbosske leb Nrkscoiiocrs (<11=)



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glbc l `kurecy wmofm rcsuitcb oe tmc akueboen ka tmc Mubske Dly Fkgpley (<1>8). Rmc rcglrjldic scrocs ka `kurelis

dcnoes wotm tmlt ka Mcery Jciscy, tmc dky lbvceturcr, wmk sct kut, oe <1?8, arkg Akrt Eciske. Mos elrrltovc wls proetcb oe

tmc Mubske's Dly Tcpkrt ka <>2?. Rmce akiikwcb Licxlebcr Glfjcezoc, wmk lpkiknozcb akr tmc ilfj ka styic oe mos wkrj,

dut wmk rclfmcb dktm tmc Lrftof leb tmc Xlfoaof, oe <>=? leb <>?6. Rmc `kureli ka Licxlebcr Mcery tmc cibcr, pudiosmcb

oe Ecw _krj, wls l wkrj ka smrcwb kdscrvltoke, fkgdoeoen oetcrcst leb fmlrg. Vlguci Mclrec jcpt l ̀ kureli wmofm mlb

gufm ka mos kwe vonkur leb blsm. Ots styic wls lutkdoknrlpmofli, l gctmkb lbkptcb dy mos suffcsskrs, leb ot mlb tmc lbbcb

zcst ka l voroic bcacefc ka tmc Mubske's Dly Fkgpley. Rmos, tknctmcr wotm mos vliuldic bltl, leb tmc tmroii ka gley

cxpikots, glbc tmc wkrj l joeb ka dcst sciicr, plssoen tmrkunm gley Ceniosm leb akrcone cbotokes. Licxlebcr Mcery tmc

ykuencr, Blvob Rmkgpske, Nckrnc Mcrokt, Fkkj, Qlefkuvcr, Arlejioe, tmcsc leb gley ktmcrs mlvc icat tmcor `kurelis,skgc ogpkrtlet leb skgc ka ek vliuc. Vpcfoli gcetoke gust dc glbc ka Bleoci ^. Mlrgke, wmksc rcfkrb ka eclriy twk

bcflbcs lgken tmc trlboen-pksts ke tmc prlorocs os l vliuldic bkfugcet oe skfoli mostkry. Xlui Jlec's ”^lebcroens ka le

lrtost lgken tmc Oeboles ka Ekrtm Lgcrofl (<=3?), leb ”Nckrnc Fltioe's Rmc Ekrtm Lgcrofle Oeboles‟ (4 vkis. <=64-?) lrc

fmrkekiknofli rcfkrbs ka aorst-rltc ogpkrtlefc. Licxlebcr Tkss dcnle l ecw crl oe arketocr mostkry. Mc wrktc cetcrtloe-

oeniy, goenioen piloe alft leb lbvceturc oe l furokus ùgdic, yct oe l styic fkevoefoen leb caacftovc. Arkg tmcsc wc plss

tk l gufm iltcr pcrokb leb tk lektmcr gleecr. @. ^. Ryrrcii, Mcery _kuic Moeb, Vor ^. A. Duticr, Vtcalesske, tmcsc leb

ktmcrs rcfkrbcb tmcor trlvcis leb bosfkvcrocs wotm oefrclsoen sjoii. Ke tmc ktmcr mleb, l ecw nrkup ka wrotcrs cxpikrcb

pokeccr skfoli ioac. Oe clstcre Flelbl tmc Bolry ka Grs. Vogfkc icat l gcgkrldic rcfkrb ka arketocr blys oe Ketlrok. @kme

Mkwoske vosotcb Flelbl oe <=<?-48, leb wls akiikwcb dy Leel @lgcske, wmk spcet tmc yclr <=6>-6= oe Sppcr Flelbl.

Vor T. M. Dkeeyflstic iovcb oe Sppcr Flelbl akr skgc yclrs leb wls le kaaofcr oe tmc Tcdciioke. Mos twk dkkjs lrc stoii

uscaui. Rmc iost gonmt dc fketoeucb lt l nrclt icentm: dut twk dkkjs bcscrvc pcrmlps spcfoli gcetoke, Kfcle tk kfcle dy

Nckrnc Guerk Nrlet, leb Rmc sclrfm akr tmc wcstcre scl dy Ilwrcefc @. Durpcc. Nrlet brcw l vovob pofturc ka Flelbl's

nrclt oemcrotlefc, leb Durpcc trlfcb os guitopiyoen qucsts akr tmc Xlfoaof dy ileb leb scl.

Akiikwoen tmc fkequcst, Ecw Cenileb sctticrs, fmocaiy Xurotle, oggonrltcb oe oefrclsoen eugdcrs tk Ekvl Vfktol.

Rmcor skfoli fustkgs leb pkiotofli vocws wcrc dktm eltovc tk tmcor vonkrkus Fkenrcnltokeliosg. Vfmkki leb fmurfm jcpt

tmc alotm vonkrkus: ot fkikurcb tmc oestotutokes ka tmc prkvoefc, leb oesporcb sufm iotcrlturc ls tmcrc wls iken latcr tmc nrclt

Ikyliost oeaiux. ^mce @kme Mkwc cgonrltcb arkg Dkstke, oe <>>1, tljoen wotm mog tmc Ecws Icttcr (rc-cstldiosmcb oe

Mlioalx uebcr tmc elgc tmc Mlioalx Nlzcttc, mc akuebcb tmc kibcst ecwsplpcr oe Lgcrofl, leb lisk plvcb tmc wly akr l

eltovc iotcrlturc. Ot wls tmc Ekvlsfktole, akuebcb oe <=42, oe wmofm mos ske rcliiy cstldiosmcb l eltovc iotcrlry trlbotoke,

loboen ot stoii aurtmcr dy tmc akueboen ka tmc Lflbole Glnlzoec, oe wmofm mos "Gcivoiic Osileb" smlrcb mkekurs wotm Kiovcr

Nkibsgotm's Rmc rosoen voiilnc. Ot wls oe sufm pcrokboflis ls tmcsc, leb tmc \ucdcf Glnlzoec (<>?<-?2), tmc Iotcrlry

Nlrileb (<=6=-3<) leb ktmcrs tmlt tmc aorst tcetltovc iotcrlry caakrts ka Flelbl akueb tmcor lubocefc. Rmc Glrotogcs wcrc

fkestletiy storrcb dy scftlrole leb pkiotofli fketrkvcrsy. Rmc plgpmictccrs lgken tmc Xurotle ficrny, leb tmc rkdustiyrofli pltroktosg leb sltorofli kutpkuroens ka tmc Ikyliosts, wcrc fmlrlftcrostof ka lii sogoilr prkplnlebl, leb tmcor wkrj

fle sflrfciy dc fliicb iotcrlturc. Gley ka tmc Fkenrcnltokeli ficrny wcrc trloecb oe Mlrvlrb leb ciscwmcrc, leb lgken

tmc iloty tmcrc wcrc gcgdcrs ka bostoenuosmcb Ecw Cenileb algoiocs, tmcor skfoli leb oetciicftuli trloeoen iojcwosc

ogpcffldic. Rmc Ikyliost oeaiux wls rofm oe oetciicftuli cebkwgcet, leb tmc togcs cefkurlncb ficlr-fut vocws ke gkst

ossucs. Rmc ossucs lt stljc lpplrcetiy fliicb akr akrfcaui lrnugcet, lt togcs dkrbcroen ke oevcftovc, rltmcr tmle tmc urdlec,

icosurciy fkgpksotoke wmofm kec usuliiy lsskfoltcs wotm lrt. Ke tmc wmkic tmc iotcrlturc ka tmc pcrokb wls bcrovltovc,

ogotltovc, leb oefkescqucetoli. Mlb tmc oebovobuliosg ka tmc Tcv. Mcery Liioec akueb le cfmk oe tmc oglnoeltovc wrotcrs,

l eltokeli iotcrlturc wkuib mlvc dcce dkre l fcetury skkecr tmlt ot lftuliiy wls. Mlb @lfkd Dloicy akueb l furc akr mos

ekstlinol akr tmc Kib Fkikeocs, kr mlb @keltmle Kbcii ikvcb Rkry Cenileb ekt icss dut Flelbl gkrc, dktm lutkdoknrlpmy

leb pkctry wkuib mlvc dcecaotcb. Ls ot wls, scftlroleosg akuebcb tmrcc fkiicncs, wmoic pltroktosg wkrjcb kut l fkestotutoke,

cstldiosmcb l goiotol, duoit tkwes, toiicb tmc skoi, iluefmcb smops, sct up smkp, leb mcib ots mclb monm. Vufm iotcrlturc ls wls

rcquorcb cxostcb oe tmc Ceniosm filssofs: oa kec wosmcb tk try kec's mleb, tmcrc wls Xkpc leb Brybce, Nkibsgotm lebDyrke, Lbboske leb Vtccic wkrtmy ka cguiltoke, dktm ls tk tmkunmt leb styic.

Rmc clriy Xurotles, leb iltcr tmc Ikyliosts, mkwcvcr, flgc tk cstldiosm mkgcs leb gceb tmcor akrtuecs. Ilrnciy arkg

tmc Ecw Cenileb stltcs, Ceniosm pkiotofli, rcionokus, skfoli, leb lrtostof fustkgs leb trlbotokes, gkboaocb leb oebovobuliozcb,

flgc wotm tmcg. Rmc Tcvkiutoke turecb tmcor nlzc tcgpkrlroiy tkwlrb Nrclt Drotloe, dut tmcy mls dcce dkre oe Lgcrofl ,

leb tmcor rkkts wcrc oe tmc skoi ka tmc Ecw ^krib. @ubncs, stltcsgce, prclfmcrs, tclfmcrs, alrgcrs, leb lrtosles wcrc

fkgpciicb tk iclvc iotcrlturc leb lrt, tmksc nkibce aruots ka icosurc, tk lektmcr ncecrltoke. ôtm acw cxfcptokes oe lii tmc

Flelbl's, dkkjs wcrc wrottce dy trlesocets. Ot os tmc alsmoke tk spclj ka Leel @lgcske's ôetcr stubocs leb suggcr

rlgdics, Grs. Arlefcs Drkkjc's Rmc mostkry ka Cgoiy Gketlnuc, leb sogoilr wkrjs, ls Flelbole "filssofs". Rmcy lrc



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oetcrcstoen ls arketocr fmrkeofics, trlvci bolrocs, kr sctticgcet sjctfmcs, dut fcrtloeiy tmcy lrc ekt Flelbole0 Kiovcr

Nkibsgotm's Rmc rosoen voiilnc (<=43, <=61) mls tmc bostoeftoke ka dcoen tmc aorst dkkj ka vcrsc ka l Flelbole dy dortm tk

dc pudiosmcb oe Flelbl, leb mc smlrcs mkekurs wotm Rmkgls Fmlebicr Mliodurtke oe dcoen tmc aorst tk mlvc l dkkj

pudiosmcb dktm oe Nrclt Drotloe leb Flelbl. Nkibsgotm icat ek akiikwcr, litmkunm lt tmc togc mc wls pkpuilr. Mos oeaiucefc

ke Flelbole iotcrlturc mls dcce eoi. Rmc slgc fle dc slob akr Fmlrics Mclvyscnc, skgctogcs spkjce ka ls tmc aorst

Flelbole brlgltost. Rmc lutmkr ka Vlui (<=3?), l brlgl, @cptml's blunmtcr (<=13), leb ktmcr wkrjs oe prksc leb vcrsc,

wcet tk tmc Dodic akr mos obcls, leb tk Vmljcspclrc leb Goitke akr mos styic. Cvce tmc prlosc ka Mlwtmkrec leb Ikenaciikw

mlvc ekt prcscrvcb mog arkg kdiovoke, wmofm, @cptml's blunmtcr cxfiubcb, mc ek bkudt gcrots. ^mlt os truc ka Mclvyscnc

os lisk truc ka l iken ioec ka ïgonrï pkcts, dktm Orosm leb Vfkts-Cvle GfFkii, Licxlebcr GfIlfmile, tmc "FlelboleDures", Eofmkils Aikkb Blvoe, Rmkgls B'Lrfy GfNcc, leb gley gkrc. Keiy l iyrof mcrc leb tmcrc survovcs oe letmkiknocs,

ka lii tmksc sfkrcs ka dkkjs. Rmc alft rcgloes tmlt eltokeli dkueblrocs mlb dcce sct, leb tmlt fkggke blencrs mlb

bcfobcb tmc glttcr ka scplrltc eltokeli cxostcefc. Eltovc skes wcrc smkrtiy tk lppclr, mcors ka nrclt slfroaofcs leb mlrbsmop,

leb ka ekdic trlbotokes ls wcii, pksscsscb ka l plssokeltc ikvc akr tmcor fkuetry, leb wotm icosurc tk ploet leb wrotc ka wmlt

tmcy slw leb acit. Oa @lgcs GfFlrrki survovcs oe keiy twk pkcgs, tmcy lrc "Flelbole". Oa GfNcc os akrnkttce slvc akr

"@lqucs Flrtocr", tmlt woii dc rcgcgdcrcb. Moets wcrc ekt acw tmlt l eltokeli scia-fkesfokus iotcrlturc wls oe tmc gljoen.

Rmc akrg wls dkrrkwcb arkg tmc glstcrs, dut tmc skui wls oefrclsoeniy Flelbole.

Rmc Flelbole sfmkki wls usmcrcb oe wotm tmc Nrkup ka tmc Voxtocs. ̂ otmoe twk kr tmrcc yclrs ka clfm ktmcr tmcrc wcrc

dkre tmksc wmk aorgiy cstldiosmcb Flelbole iotcrlturc leb rksc tk cgoecefc oe ots vlrokus drlefmcs. Clfm, mkwcvcr,

wkrjcb oe l aocib prcplrcb akr mog dy mos prcbcfcsskrs. Tkunmoen ot oe tmc dusm dy Grs. Gkkboc, dy l strlenc arclj ka

akrtuec cicvltcb tk l "filssof", os l akrcrueecr ka kur prcscet-bly arketocr ekvcis leb pilys. Rmc mostkrofli rkglefcs ka

Jordy leb Xlrjcr lrc oebcdtcb tk Grs. Tksleel Ciclekr Icprkmke, kec ka tmc ldic fketrodutkrs, liken wotm Fmlrics

Mclvyscnc, tmc Vtrofjileb sostcrs leb ktmcrs, tk tmc Iotcrlry Nlrileb. Mcr ilst leb dcst ekvci Letkoecttc bc Gorcfkurt0 kr

Vcfrct glrryoen leb scfrct skrrkwoen: l Flelbole tlic (<=12), l scquci tk Rmc glekr mkusc ka bc Qoiicrlo, suffcssauiiy

cxpikrcb tmc rkglefc, gleecrs, leb fustkgs ka tmc kib rïnogc. Mkiikwoen tmos suffcss, leb pcrmlps oeaiucefcb dy ot,

lppclrcb ôiiolg Jordy, wmksc ekvci Rmc nkibce bkn (<=>>) oggcboltciy tkkj aorst pilfc ls l Flelbole ekvci, l pilfc

wmofm mls ekt dcce scrokusiy fmliicencb up tk tmc prcscet. Jordy akueb mos aorst ogpuisc oe tmc mostkrof sotcs ka \ucdcf

otscia, leb tmc twk stkrocs wkvce oetk mos rkglefc lrc bcrovcb arkg tmc Glpic iclvcs ka Vor @lgcs G. Ic Gkoec. Ot os l

sygpltmctof stkry, rofm oe fmlrlftcrozltoke, leb ka iotcrlry wkrtm. Lelfmrkeosgs leb mostkrofli diuebcrs bk ekt scrokusiy

ogplor tmc cxfciicefc ka tmos dkkj. Jordy leb mos gkst fkgpctcet suffcsskrs mlvc wkrjcb oe tmc aocib ka mostkrofli

rkglefc.

Arlefcs Drkkjc, woac ka tmc nlrroske fmlpiloe lt \ucdcf, aroceb ka Br. @kmeske,. Nlrrofj, leb ktmcr ektldics, mls icat,

oe tmc mostkry ka Cgoiy Gketlnuc, tmc dcst scrocs ka vonecttcs ka skfoli ioac oe \ucdcf ùst sudscqucet tk tmc fkequcstwmofm wc pksscss. Rmos ekvci os gkbciicb ke Vlguci Tofmlrbske's Xlgcil, leb os tmcrcakrc truc tk tmc clriy ogotltoke dy

lii Flelbole wrotcrs ka Kib Fkuetry gkbcis. Ot wls tmc aorst ekvci wrottce oe Flelbl, dut fleekt dc fliicb l Flelbole

wkrj. Xlssoen kvcr Vt. Srsuil's fkevcet, kr tmc eue ka Flelbl (<=42), dy @uiol Fltmcroec Dcfjwotm, tmc aorst ekvci dy l

dortmronmt Flelbole, leb ka ek iotcrlry vliuc, wc fkgc tk Gl`kr @kme Tofmlrbske. Ot os oetcrcstoen tk ektc tmlt tmc yclr ka

mos dortm fkoefobcs wotm tmlt ka Mliodurtke leb Grs. Dcfjwotm. Ls tmc lutmkr ka Rmc ^lr ka <=<4, mc dcflgc tmc aorst

sfocetoaof mostkrole ka Flelbl, leb mos ekvci ka tmc Xketolf fkesporlfy, l̂fkustl, kr tmc Xrkpmcfy (<=64), cetotics mog tk

tmc bostoeftoke ka dcoen tmc altmcr ka Flelbole aoftoke. Ot os rcgoeosfcet ka Fkkpcr's Icltmcr stkfjoen tlics. Gufm ka ot os

oefkmcrcet, gcikbrlgltof, leb ogprkdldic, dut ot gly stoii dc rclb wotm ce`kygcet. Rmc gltcrolis wmofm mc duoit oetk mos

ekvcis, mostkrocs, leb gcgkors wcrc nltmcrcb lt aorst mleb.

\. 3. ^rotc l bctloicb ektc ke tmc oglncry prcscet oe tmc ekvci Vuralfoen.

Les. Ilenulnc, ots usc leb bosusc, ots scfrcts leb gcles ka bcfcptoke, lrc fcetrli tmcgcs oe Glrnlrct Ltwkkb's

Vuralfoen. Ltwkkb frcltcs le orkeofliiy (leb oetcetokeliiy) elgcicss mcrkoec ke l tkrgcetcb leb cxmlustoen `kurecy ka scia-bosfkvcry oe l tlic ka iocs leb mlia-trutms, csscetoliiy l Flelbole Mkibce Fluiaocib.

Ltwkkb, l Flelbole dy dortm, uscs mcr kwe pcrskeli cxpcrocefcs nrkwoen up oe l ioenuostofliiy spiot fkuetry ls tmc

nrkuebwkrj akr Vuralfoen. Ltwkkb uscs ailsmdlfjs tk duoib tmc elrrltkr's plst, l plst sk trlugltof tk tmc elrrltkr's goeb tmlt

smc fle keiy tmoej ka ot oe aiccoen gkgcets, ecvcr truiy nrlspoen tmc gcleoen ka cvcrytmoen uetoi tmc ceb, uetoi smc aoebs mcr

truc scia uebcrecltm l wcd ka iocs leb ploeaui trutms. Mcr ueusuli leb eke-fkeakrgost fmoibmkkb fuigoeltcs oetk l pcrokb ka

cxtrcgc bciusoke, wmcrc tmc elrrltkr rctrclts oetk mcrscia ls l gcles ka fkpoen wotm cvcrytmoen lrkueb mcr. Vmc ldlebkes lii

skfoctli stleblrbs, iovcs drocaiy ls l sogpic prkbuft ka elturc, ecotmcr mugle ekr leogli, ùst l tkrturcb skui ceflscb oe

mugle aicsm. Rmrkunm tmos bciusoke smc rclfmcs uitogltc rcliozltoke ka scia leb mcr caacft ke tmc iovcs ka ktmcrs, wmofm gljcs



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mcr `kurecy gkrc suffcssaui leb dcecaofoli tmle smc cvcr cxpcftcb. ^mlt dcnle ls l sclrfm akr mcr suppkscbiy bclb altmcr

cebs ls l sclrfm akr tmc gcleoen ka mcr kwe ioac leb tmc iovcs ka tmc pckpic lrkueb mcr, wmce smc aoeliiy rcliozcs tmlt ploe os

ls gufm l plrt ka ioac ls `ky tmlt ot cxosts cvcrywmcrc, cvce oe elturc, tmc kec tmoen smc liwlys tmkunmt ka ls pcracftoke.

Rmc elrrltkr's plrcets lrc dy alr tmc gkst oeaiucetoli pckpic oe mcr ioac, wmofm smc smkws tmrkunmkut tmc ekvci

tmrkunm l skrt ka bctlfmcb rcspcft. Vmc rcscets mcr altmcr akr gljoen mcr algoiy nrkw up boaacrcet tmle ktmcrs, iovoen ke l

rcgktc osileb mkurs lwly arkg fovoiozltoke, ekt fkeakrgoen tk tmc tkwe's skfoli kr rcionokus stleblrbs. Rmc mypkfrosy

cetcrs wmce smc uejekwoeniy fkeakrgs tk mcr altmcr's obclis, aucicb gloeiy dy l autoic fmurfm trop, tk wmofm mcr altmcr wls

kppkscb. Vmc nkcs wotm l ikfli algoiy tmlt tkkj l "purscb gkutm gossokelry oetcrcst" oe mcr, leb cetcrs l sglii "Seotcb

fmurfm" tmlt "sgciicb ka alfc pkwbcr leb blgp wkki trkuscrs". Vmc rcfliis tmlt tmc Vuebly sfmkki tclfmcr "tkib us l iktldkut mcr lbgorcrs leb tmcor flrs", leb tmce "nlvc kut pofturcs ka @csus, wmk bobe't mlvc tmkres leb rods dut wls liovc leb

brlpcb oe l dcbsmcct, torcb-ikkjoen, surciy oeflpldic ka gorlfics". Cxpcrocefcs iojc tmcsc dcfkgc mcr prkka ka mugle

bcfcot: prkka tmlt wkrbs fleekt dc trustcb.

Vmc sccgs tk obkiozc mcr gktmcr, vocw mcr ls skgctmoen dcttcr tmle sogpiy mugle, l nkb pcrmlps, smc cvce slys tmlt

"O wls boslppkoetcb oe mcr wmce smc bocb" . Mcr gktmcr os pkrtrlycb ls pclfcaui, quoct, leb sudgossovc yct strken. Rmc

elrrltkr sccgs tk tmoej tmlt mcr gktmcr bcscrvcb gkrc tmle wmlt ioac nlvc mcr, tmlt smc wls dcttcr tmle mcr surrkueboens.

Vmc rcfkuets mkw mcr gktmcr oetcrlftcb wotm Xlui's Arcefm spcljoen woac, Glblgc, bcspcrltciy tryoen tk fkevcrsc

tmrkunm tmc ilenulnc dlrrocr (mcr gktmcr spkjc Ceniosm keiy), rcgloeoen pkiotc leb sgoioen tmc wmkic togc, "l bkgcstofltcb

vcrsoke ka Ceniosm-Arcefm eke-fkggueofltoke". Cvcrytmoen tmlt os gcetokecb ka mcr gktmcr oevkivcs le ldscefc ka

spccfm, cvce nkoen ls alr ls tk oesoeultc tmlt tmc dorbs lrkueb tmcor mkgc uebcrstkkb mcr gktmcr tmc gkst, kr pcrmlps tmc

ktmcr wly lrkueb.

Vmc vosots mcr gktmcr oe tmc mkspotli ke mcr bcltm dcb leb oe lwaui ploe, flefcr cltoen-up mcr drloe, wotm wcds ka

gkrpmoec ogploroen mcr vosoke, leogli iojc wotm "sjoe tonmt kvcr mcr dclj eksc, mlebs ke tmc smcct furicb iojc dorb filws

fioenoen tk l pcrfm" . ̂ moic tmos oglnc sccgs uelppclioen, ot os iltcr iclrecb tmlt tmc elrrltkr mls gkrc rcspcft akr leoglis

tmle mugles leywly: tmc bcsfroptoke ka mcr gktmcr lftuliiy quotc ikvcs oebccb. Mcr gktmcr's ilfj ka scesodoioty oe mcr ilst

blys bkcs ekt alzc tmc elrrltkr, smc bkcs ekt cvce sccg tk flrc tmlt mcr gktmcr gly mlvc kr gly ekt mlvc rcfkneozcb mcr,

lii tmlt os ogpkrtlet os tmlt mcr gktmcr uebcrstlebs, wmofm rcquorcs ektmoen dut soicefc dctwcce tmcg cotmcr wly. Rmc

uebcrstleboen os l accioen, ekt l wkrb, sk wkrbs fleekt cxprcss ot. Rmos fkefcpt lnrccs wotm tmc vocw tmlt "Ltwkkb

bospilys l prkakueb bostrust ka ilenulnc ls l gcles ka fkggueofltoke dctwcce pckpic, prkpksoen, oestclb, l eke-vcrdli

kr gctl-ilenulnc ls oeaoeotciy supcrokr".

Nrkwoen up oe l doioenuli scttoen lisk sccgs tk mlvc laacftcb tmc elrrltkr's wly ka tmkunmt, gljoen mcr rcscetaui ka

mcr Arcefm spcljoen fkuetrygce, slyoen tmlt tmcy lii tmoej "ics glubots lenilos", tmc furscb Ceniosm . @ust ls mcr altmcr

bob ekt lffcpt tmc tkwe's rcionoke kr obclis, mc lisk rc`cftcb tmcor ilenulnc, fmkksoen tk oestclb stly oskiltcb arkg tmcg, lsoa tmcor akrcone tkenucs spkjc pkoske oestclb ka wkrbs. Orkeofliiy, tmc elrrltkr mcrscia sccgs tk mlvc pofjcb up skgc ka tmc

tkwe's dciocas, smc furscs tmc Lgcrofles tmrkunmkut tmc ekvci, sccoen tmcg ls droencrs ka ruoe, l "bosclsc arkg tmc Vkutm".

Mcr oeldoioty tk fkggueofltc wotm tmc tkwesakij wmoic nrkwoen up oskiltcs mcr gkrc, gljcs mcr gkrc ka le kutsobcr, cvce

fluscs mcr tk tmoej tmlt mcr altmcr's bcltm wcet ueoevcstonltcb lt iclst plrtoliiy buc tk tmcor rcausli tk iclre tmc ilenulnc,

yct lektmcr rclske tk bostrust akrgli ilenulnc, ot ldlebkes tmksc wmk bk ekt oetcrcst ot .

Rmc elrrltkr's glrrolnc leb sudscqucet bovkrfc os prkdldiy tmc ilst strlw, ot drcljs mcr sporot, leb oe l wly ot ruoes mcr.

Setoi tmos pkoet smc mlb fiuen tk tmc mkpc ka rcsfuc, tmlt skgckec wkuib fkgc leb bosprkvc mcr altmcr, gljc mcr brclgs

ka mugle bcfcefy l rclioty. Rmc kppksotc kffurrcb, mcr musdleb keiy prkvcb mcr wkrst aclrs truc. Vmc rcfliis tmlt lt kec

togc "cvcrytmoen mc bob wls pcracft...mc slob mc ikvcb gc, tmc glnof wkrb, ot wls suppkscb tk gljc cvcrytmoen ionmt up,

O'ii ecvcr trust tmlt wkrb lnloe". Vmc ekt keiy ikst trust oe tmlt wkrb, dut lisk ikst ot oe lii wkrbs, leb wotm tmlt smc ikst trust

oe lii tmksc wmk spclj wkrbs. Accioens dcfkgc lftokes oestclb ka wkrbs, tmoens tmlt lrc tlenodic, ekt ùst skuebs tmlt

iclvc ls quofjiy ls kr quofjcr tmle tmcy fkgc. Rmos sccgs mypkfrotofli ka l wkgle wmk mls lbgottcbiy ldlebkecb mcrkeiy fmoib, prkfilogoen tmlt ot wls ecvcr mcrs leywly, tmlt smc wls ùst le "oefudltkr", wmofm tmc fmoib dcikencb tk mcr

musdleb keiy. Mcr iknof os aluity, oa mcr lftokes wcrc tmc cxprcssokes ka mcr accioens, tmce ot wkuib sccg tmlt smc flrcb

ektmoen akr tmc fmoib, dut smc rcnrcts iclvoen ot, smc soicetiy dcns ots akrnovcecss lii tmc togc. Ek glttcr mkw alr smc rle,

mkw gufm smc lvkobcb ot, smc wls stoii tmc fmoib's gktmcr, stoii rcspkesodic, tmcrc os ek ktmcr wly.

Ot os ek surprosc tmlt ls tmc elrrltkr lncs smc tkk dcnoes tk bcey mcr oetcrcst oe skfoctli cxpcftltokes, dcfkgoen, ls mcr

sk-fliicb aroceb Leel ektcb, "Oemugle". Ot os ekt sk gufm tmlt smc ldlebkes mugleoty: ot os gkrc tmlt smc cgdrlfcs wmlt

smc sccs ls purc, leb mugleoty os leytmoen dut purc. Vmc os truiy bosnustcb dy tmc bcfcptovc, gleopuiltovc elturc ka

mugles, sk smc fioens tk wmlt fleekt ioc, wmlt os ueldic tk bcfcovc. Lii smc bcsorcs os csflpc, l rcfurrcet tmcgc oe


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Ltwkkb's wkrjs: ot os tmc gloe bcsorc ka tmc elrrltkr ka Rmc Mlebglob's Rlic ls wcii. Ktmcr lutmkrs cgpiky tmos tmcgc tkk,

ot os fcetrli tk @.B. Vlioencr's Rmc Fltfmcr oe tmc Tyc, leb ot robcs liken wotm tmc tmcgc ka prktcftoke ka tmc oeekfcet. Rk

Fluaocib ots prktcftoke ka fmoibrce, tk tmc elrrltkr ka Vuralfoen, ot os prktcftoke ka elturc leb leoglis, dut ot os lii prktcftoke

ka tmc oeekfcet, ka tmksc wmk fleekt prktcft tmcgscivcs. Rmc elrrltkr trocs tk stkp tmoejoen iojc l mugle litknctmcr, tk

akrnct cvcrytmoen leb iovc bly-tk-bly ls leoglis bk. Voicefc leb bctlfmgcet dcfkgc mcr rcaunc, leb lt tmc togc Vuralfoen

tljcs pilfc, tmc elrrltkr mls rcspcft leb lbgorltoke keiy akr tmc tmoens tmlt bk ek eccb kr usc wkrbs, spccfm, kr ley typc

ka akrgli fkggueofltoke.

Rmc elrrltkr's ikvcr, @kc, os lisk l pilfc ka rcaunc akr mcr. Mc os quoct, mlrbiy spcljs, le lrtost iojc mcr, mc cxprcsscs

mogscia wotmkut wkrbs. Rmkunm smc rcgloes cgktokeliiy vkob rcnlrboen @kc akr gkst ka tmc ekvci, smc oetrkbufcs mog ls"dclutoaui @kc", ekt dcflusc ka mos lppclrlefc, dut dcflusc mc tkk smlrcs mcr soicet ilenulnc, mc tmoejs ka mogscia ls

"bcpkscb, ueùstiy", ùst ls smc bkcs mcrscia. Eclriy lii ka tmcor fkggueofltoke os eke-vcrdli, lftokes oestclb ka wkrbs.

Vmc akrfcs mcrscia ekt tk lbgot ikvc tk @kc tmkunm, ikvc os l wkrb smc bkcs ekt trust, ot mls murt mcr tkk dlbiy. Oestclb smc

dcnoes tk scc @kc ls smc sccs tmc leoglis, purc, oeekfcet, l nkb. Vmc cvce rcacrs tk tmcor uedkre fmoib ls tmc "aur nkb"

buroen mcr iltcr pcrokb ka bciusoke.

Rmc elrrltkr cxpcrocefcs l pcrokb ka cxtrcgc bciusoke, kr lt iclst wmlt skfocty wkuib flii bciusoke. ̂ mlt smc lftuliiy

bkcs os rctrclt oesobc mcr, bcspcrltc tk aoeb kut wmk smc lftuliiy os. Oe mcr goeb smc os sogpiy l pilfc, l plrt ka cvcrytmoen

lrkueb mcr, l plrt ka tmc osileb otscia. Buroen tmos togc smc fkestletiy pcrskeoaocs tmc kd`cfts lrkueb mcr, tmc "guitoioenuli

wltcr...tmc akrcst iclps upwlrb...l pkwcrdklt, lttlfjoen". Vmc cxpikrcs tmc osileb eljcb, uetkufmcb dy mugle oeekvltoke,

lvkoboen flpturc oe mcr goeb. Cvcetuliiy smc aoebs wmlt smc wls ikkjoen akr: smc sccs dktm ka mcr plrcets wmoic ke tmc

osileb likec. Rmcy novc mcr tmc fiksurc smc eccbs, smc tmce jekws tmlt tmcy ikvc mcr: tmcy flgc dlfj arkg tmc bclb akr mcr.

^mctmcr kr ekt smc rcliiy slw tmcg os orrcicvlet, tmcor sogpic prcscefc fkgakrts mcr trlugltozcb skui. Ecotmcr ka tmcg

spcljs, rcoeakrfoen tmc supcrokroty ka elturli, progotovc ilenulnc kvcr akrgli, krnleozcb spccfm.

Vccoen mcr plrcets drkunmt mcr uitogltc rcliozltoke, "Ek tktli slivltoke, rcsurrcftoke, kur altmcr, kur gktmcr, O prly,

Tclfm bkwe akr gc, dut ot wke't wkrj0 tmcy bwoebic, nrkw, leb dcfkgc wmlt tmcy wcrc, mugle. Vkgctmoen O ecvcr nlvc

tmcg frcbot akr". Vmc rcliozcs mcr gostljc, tmlt smc wls tkk ùbncgcetli, tmlt ektmoen fle dc pcracft. Vmc lffcpts tmos leb

rctures tk fovoiozcb ioac, smc mls aoeliiy akueb mcr truc scia. Vmc brcsscs mcr eljcb dkby, ikkjs lt mcrscia kec ilst togc oe

Leel's gljc-up gorrkr, dut tmos togc ekt ls skgc oeleogltc kd`cft, dut ls l rcli pcrske, l wmkic pcrske, ogpcracft, leb

ogpurc. Vmc lisk rcliozcs tmlt tmc fmoib nrkwoen oesobc mcr os pcracftoke, ekt l voftog. Mcr fmoib os ekt l "aur nkb", dut os l

mugle, pcrmlps "tmc aorst truc mugle". Ot os ecvcr jekwe oa smc nkcs wotm @kc wmce mc fkgcs dlfj akr mcr, ot os ekt

ogpkrtlet. Vmc rcfcovcb cxlftiy wmlt smc wcet tmcrc akr, tk "novc up tmc kib dcioca tmlt O lg pkwcricss leb dcflusc ka ot

ektmoen O fle bk woii cvcr murt leykec. L ioc wmofm wls liwlys gkrc boslstrkus tmle tmc trutm wkuib mlvc dcce...wotmbrlwoen

os ek ikencr pkssodic leb tmc litcreltovc os bcltm".Rmc elrrltkr ka Glrnlrct Ltwkkb's Vuralfoen nkcs ke le cxtcesovc `kurecy ka scia-bosfkvcry, l progotovc sclrfm ka mcr

skui bosnuoscb ls l sclrfm akr mcr gossoen altmcr. Ioac dcflgc gkrc tmle smc fkuib mlebic, smc mlb tk nct dlfj tk mcr

kronoes, tk aoeb tmc sones mcr plrcets icat akr mcr. Fkggueofltoke oe Vuralfoen os stoaicb, eke-vcrdli, leb fkgpicx. Mcr

algoiy, mcr fkuetry, mcr rciltokesmops, tmcy lii mlvc laacftcb mcr dy tureoen mcr arkg gkbcreoty, arkg fovoiozltoke. Rmc ceb

ka mcr `kurecy rcvclis tmlt ploe cxosts cvcrywmcrc, cvce oe elturc, wmofm smc mlb vocwcb ls pcracftoke. Vmc rcliozcs tmlt

tmcrc os ek pcracftoke, oa tmcrc wcrc tmcrc wkuib dc ek eccb tk iovc, ot wkuib lii dc pkoeticss.

Oe Vuralfoen, l ekvci dy Glrnlrct Ltwkkb, tmc elrrltkr uebcrtljcs tmrcc dlsof ̀ kurecys0 l pmysofli qucst tk sclrfm akr

mcr ikst altmcr, l doknrlpmofli `kurecy oetk mcr plst, leb gkst ogpkrtletiy l psyfmkiknofli `kurecy. Rmc psyfmkiknofli

`kurecy liikws tmc elrrltkr tk rcfkefoic mcr plst leb uitogltciy iclbs tk tmc fkefiusoke ka tmc pmysofli `kurecy. Oe tmos

psyfmkiknofli vkylnc oetk mcr oeecrscia, tmc elrrltkr, wmoic trlvciioen arkg fkneozlet rltokeli rclskeoen tk sudfkesfokus

bosskfoltcb rclioty prknrcsscs tmrkunm tmrcc stlncs.

Oe tmc aorst stlnc, tmc elrrltkr os oe tkufm wotm rclioty: smc iovcs leb cxosts oe l stltc ka goeb jekwe oe Arcubolepsyfmkikny ls tmc Cnk. Rmc Cnk os bcaoecb ls "tmc cicgcet ka dcoen tmlt fkesfokusiy leb fketoeukusiy celdics le oebovobuli

tk tmoej, acci leb lft.". Rmc cnk os dlscb ke l rclioty proefopic, oe wmofm, l pcrske rclfts oe "rcliostof wlys tmlt woii droen

iken tcrg piclsurc rltmcr tmle ploe kr bcstruftoke".

Xlui's wkkbce dlrkgctcr, wmofm aclturcs l wkkbce gle leb wkgle oesobc, dcfkgcs le ueakrtueltciy lffurltc

cgdicg ka glrrolnc akr tmc elrrltkr. Rmc elrrltkr's smoatoen lsscssgcet ka tmc dlrkgctcr trlfcs mcr smoatoen lttotubcs

tkwlrb glrrolnc. Oeotoliiy, tmc elrrltkr vocws tmc dlrkgctcr fkupic ls rcprcscetltovc ka l sogpiostof leb cvce cgpty

glrrolnc, leb smc fkgplrcs tmcg tk Xlui leb Glblgc.

Rmc mlencb mcrke lt tmc pkrtlnc rcprcscets tmc Lgcrofle bcstruftoke ka elturc. Rmc elrrltkr kdscsscs kvcr tmc


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scescicssecss ka ots silunmtcr, cspcfoliiy tmlt ot wls mlencb leb ekt durocb. Rmc mcrke's bcltm cgpmlsozcs tmlt tmc elrrltkr

bcaoecs skgckec ls Lgcrofle dlscb ke mos kr mcr lftokes. Vmc fkebcges ley lft ka scescicss vokicefc kr wlstc ls

bostoeftiy Lgcrofle.

Gljcup nkcs fkgpictciy lnloest tmc elrrltkr's obcli ka l elturli wkgle. Leel's gljcup, wmofm Blvob bcglebs smc

wclr lt lii togcs, rcprcscets tmc ilrnc-sflic sudùnltoke ka wkgce. Rmc elrrltkr fkgplrcs Leel tk l bkii wmce smc sccs

mcr puttoen ke gljcup, dcflusc Leel dcfkgcs Blvob's scxuli pilytmoen. Lt tmc slgc togc, gljcup rcprcscets acglic

bcfcptoke.

Rmc elrrltkr's roen sygdkiozcs glrrolnc leb ots cetrlppoen caacfts. Rmc elrrltkr bcsfrodcs wclroen dktm mcr dkyaroceb's

leb mcr aljc musdleb's roens lrkueb mcr ecfj. Vmc fkgplrcs mcr roens tk l frufoaox kr l goiotlry bcfkrltoke. Rmc frufoaoxsunncsts tmlt glrrolnc os ekt keiy l slfroaofc dut l slfroaofc tkwlrb l alisc obcli.

\. 1. Nldrociic Tky fle dc scce ls l rcliost leb elturliost. Bosfuss mcr elrrltovc tcfmeoquc wotm rcacrcefc tk

mcr ekvci Rmc Roe Aiutc.

Les. Tky, Nldrociic (<?8?-=6). Flelbole ekvciost, wmksc aorst wkrj, Dkemcur b'kfflsoke (<?23), os l filssof ka skfoli

rcliosg leb l ilebglrj oe \ucdcf iotcrlturc. Drcljoen wotm tmc trlbotoke ka tmc rurli ekvci, ot bcpoftcb tmc pkvcrty leb

skfoli bcprovltoke ka tmc arlefkpmkec wkrjoen filss ka Gketrcli, lt tmc togc ka ̂ krib ̂ lr OO, wotm l pltmks tmlt os typofli

ka mcr wkrj leb wotm l drclbtm ka vosoke tmlt smc ecvcr lnloe cquliicb. Lplrt arkg Licxlebrc Fmàecvcrt (<?32), oe wmofm

tmc tmcgc ka urdle lioceltoke os lrtofuiltcb tmrkunm tmc aonurc ka l ikeciy dlej-ficrj, leb Il Gketlnec scfrítc (<?1<), l

skgcwmlt ildkurcb liicnkry ka l ploetcr oe qucst ka mos obcli, mcr sudscqucet wkrjs lrc sionmtcr oe sfkpc leb gkrc

pcrskeli oe tkec. Gley ka tmcg lrc aoftokeli sjctfmcs kr scgo-lutkdoknrlpmofli smkrt stkrocs sct oe mcr eltovc Gleotkdle

prlorocs0 Il Xctotc Xkuic b'clu (<?38), Tuc Bcsfmlgdluit (<?33), Il Tkutc b'Litlgket (<?11), Se `lrboe lu dkut bu

gkebc (<?>3), Fcs cealets bc gl voc (<?>>). ^mctmcr tmcrc kr oe ktmcr plstkrli scttoens, iojc tmc Lrftof ekrtm (Il Tovoírc

sles rcpks, <?>8) kr tmc \ucdcf fkuetrysobc (Fct ïtï quo fmletlot, <?>4), tmcy tceb tk fkefcre scesotovc fmlrlftcrs oe l

qucst akr scia-auiaoigcet leb mugle uebcrstleboen tmlt os katce cpmcgcrli. Rmc prcvloioen gkkb ka mcr iltcr wkrj os kec

ka fkgplssoke leb slbecss, quoct mugkur leb prcflrokus mlppoecss-pkilrotocs tmlt lrc rcaicftcb oe tmc totic ka mcr pkstmu-

gkus lutkdoknrlpmy, Il Bïtrcssc ct i'cefmletcgcet (<?=2).

Rmc Roe Aiutc, Nldrociic Tky's aorst ekvci, os l filssof ka Flelbole aoftoke. Ogducb wotm Tky's ueoquc drleb ka

fkgplssoke leb fkgpciioen uebcrstleboen, tmos gkvoen stkry akfuscs ke l algoiy oe tmc Vloet-Mcero siugs ka Gketrcli,

ots strunnics tk kvcrfkgc pkvcrty leb onekrlefc, leb ots sclrfm akr ikvc.

Rmc stkry tljcs pilfc oe Gketrcli, proefopliiy oe tmc pkkr econmdkurmkkb (lt tmlt togc) ka Vloet-Mcero, dctwcce

Acdrulry <?28 leb Gly <?28, buroen tmc Vcfkeb ^krib l̂r, wmce \ucdcf os stoii suaacroen arkg tmc Nrclt Bcprcssoke.

Aikrcetoec Ilflssc, l ykuen wlotrcss lt tmc "Aovc leb Rce" rcstlurlet wmk brclgs ka l dcttcr ioac leb os mcipoen mcr

plrcets nct dy, aliis oe ikvc wotm @cle Iïvcsquc, le lgdotokus glfmoeost-cicftrofole. ^letoen tk sltosay mos wotmcrcb cnk,mc lnrccs tk bltc Aikrcetoec. \uofjiy toroen ka tmc rciltokesmop, @cle oetrkbufcs mcr tk l aroceb, Cggleuci Iïtkureclu,

wmk os l skibocr ke iclvc. Cggleuci aliis oe ikvc wotm Aikrcetoec. Bcspotc tmos, Aikrcetoec's lttrlftoke tkwlrbs @cle woii

mlvc ogpkrtlet fkescqucefcs oe mcr ioac. L plrliici tmrclb oe tmc ekvci os tmc Ilflssc algoiy ioac, glbc boaaofuit dy tmcor

pkvcrty. Rmc ekvci bovobcs otscia oetk twk plrts- aorst oe wmofm tmc prcscefc ka @cle Icvcsquc fle dc scce gkstiy. Leb oe

tmc scfkeb Tksc-Leel, Aikrcetoec leb Cggleuci aonurc gkrc. Rmc tmrccakib icvci ka tmc stkry ‖ oebovobuli, skfoli leb

nikdli os quotc vosodic.

Akfusoen ke tmc bovcrsoty, gkbcreoty, leb fkgpicxoty ka tmos ilrnc urdle fcetrc, Tky's scrocs lisk bkcs ekt kvcrikkj

tmc goscry ka tmc urdle pkkr wmksc iovcs wcrc leytmoen dut gciokrltcb dy cfkekgof leb oebustroli "prknrcss." Rmos vcry

ektoke, ka fkursc, os fcetrli tk Nldrociic Tky's aorst ekvci, Dkemcur b'kfflsoke (<?23).

Le oetcrcstoen lspcft ka tmc ekvci os tmc stlrj fketrlst oe mkw Aikrcetoec Ilflssc leb mcr gktmcr Tksc-Leel Ilflssc

pcrfcovc ilebsflpc. Aikrcetoec, latcr smc os òitcb dy @cle Icvcsquc leb dcakrc smc fkeecfts wotm Cggleuci Ictkureclu's

gkecy, rcgloes bctlfmcb arkg tmc ilebsflpc. ^moic wlijoen wotm Aikrcetoec, Cggleuci ektcs, "...smc mlb ek oetcrcst oetmc ilebsflpc leb bobe't cvce scc ley plrt ka ot, gossoen tmc ueusuliiy ficlr sjy, tmc gkvcgcet ka tmc smops leb sloidklts

ke tmc rovcr...". Tksc-Leel, ke tmc ktmcr mleb, os kdscsscb wotm tmc ilebsflpcs ka mcr icss-durbcecb plst. Tky wrotcs, "Akr

gkgcets lt l togc smc csflpcb oetk tmc plst, tk sflttcrcb gcgkrocs. Vmc wls broatoen iojc l rubbcricss dklt tmrkunm plst

yclrs, sccoen tmc ilebsflpc ls ot rctrcltcb swoatiy..." . ôtm fmlencs oe tmcor cfkekgof stlturc fkgc fmlencs oe tmcor

pcrfcptokes ka pilfc.

Lzlrous, ls tmc altmcr, os tmc kec pcrske cxpcftcb tk suppkrt leb prktcfts tmc algoiy. Seiojc Lzlrous leb Aikrcetoec

wmk sccj csflpc arkg lbvcrsoty tmrkunm piles bcvoscb oe brclgs, Tksc-Leel os gufm gkrc prlftofli oe mcr bclioen wotm

pkvcrty. Tksc-Leel ke tmc ktmcr mleb wls lirclby fkpoen wotm pkvcrty, leb ot tkkj tmc trop tk tmc glpic sunlr alrg akr mcr


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tk rcliozc tmlt skgctmoen smc tmkunmt smc mlb icat dcmoeb wls wotm mcr lii tmc togc. Iojc mcr altmcr's gley piles Aikrcetoec's

pile lisk cebs oe aloiurc.

Xcrmlps kec ka tmc gkst rcglrjldic fmlrlftcrs oe tmc ekvci os Cggleuci Ictkureclu. Litmkunm mc os elovc rcnlrboen

tmc sfmcgoen Aikrcetoec, mc dcfkgcs l vkofc ka rcliozltoke ls mc tmoejs bccpiy ldkut dcoen "likec oe tmc ueovcrsc, ke tmc

cbnc ka tmc ldyss, mkiboen oe mos mlebs tmc gkst arlnoic, tceukus ka tmrclbs, tmlt ka tmc ctcreli mugle ceongl" . Mc scrvcs

ls l dot ka le oskiltcb fmlrlftcr ls mc ̀ kurecys tkwlrb scia-bosfkvcry. Xlrtofuilriy, mc gloetloes l gclsurc ka bostlefc arkg

tmc gce lrkueb mog buroen pkiotofli bosfussokes leb pkebcrs tmc rclskes gce iojc mogscia vkiuetccr tk aonmt oe tmc wlr.

Tltmcr tmle dc pcrsulbcb dy pkpuilr kpoeoke, mc gljcs mos kwe bctcrgoeltokes.

^mce alfcb wotm lbvcrsoty gkst pckpic woii bk cvcrytmoen oe tmcor pkwcr tk fkpc wotm ot. Oa ot os l pcrsostcet stltc ka cxostcefc tmc elturli tmoen tk bk os try leb drclj arcc ka wmlt os flusoen tmc mlrbsmop. Seakrtueltciy, tmcrc lrc togcs wmce

ek lgkuet ka caakrt woii liikw le csflpc arkg tmc mlrbsmops tmrust upke us, leb tmc dcst wc fle bk os fkpc. Oe Nldrociic

Tky's Rmc Roe Aiutc cxtrcgc pkvcrty os tmc mlrbsmop tmlt gust dc drkjce arcc ka. Mkwcvcr, ueiojc stkrocs wmcrc tmc mugle

sporot kvcrfkgcs ioac's kdstlfics, Tky's fcetrli fmlrlftcrs, tmc Ilflssc algoiy, lrc fketoeuliiy tmwlrtcb oe tmcor lttcgpts tk

drclj arcc ka tmc pkvcrty tmlt surrkuebs tmcg. Ot wkuib sccg tmlt Tky os tryoen tk fkevcy tmc gcsslnc tmlt tmlt tmcrc lrc

togcs wmce bcspotc wmlt wc gly dciocvc tmcrc lrc kdstlfics oe kur ioac tmlt fleekt dc bcacltcb kr drkjce arcc ka. Vkgctogcs

tmc dcst wc fle mkpc akr os tk sogpiy survovc. Akr tmc Ilflssc algoiy tmos os skgctmoen tmcy gust iclre. Rmc algoiy os icb

dy tmrcc ka ots gcgdcrs0 Lzlrous, tmc altmcr, wmk mkibs mos pksotoke ls mclb ka tmc mkuscmkib dy vortuc ka tmc alft tmlt mc

os glic, Aikrcetoec, tmc cibcst blunmtcr, wmk os tmc keiy scfurc skurfc ka oefkgc tmc algoiy.

Tcliosg wls l prkgoecet trceb ka wrotoen oe \ucdcf arkg <?28 kewlrbs. Rmc fmoca cxlgpic ka ot os Rmc Roe Aiutc.

Tky's Rmc Roe Aiutc brcw ots sustcelefc arkg tmc Bcprcssoke: arkg tmc bcsorc ka ykutm tk drclj kut ka l filustrkpmkdof

trlp leb arkg tmc tcesokes dctwcce skfok-pmysofli tkpknrlpmofli cetotocs.

Elturliosg's cxfiusoke ka Nkb ecfcssotltcs gkrli rciltovosg. Elturliosg alfcs skgc soneoaoflet murbics.

Elturliosg mls l gl`kr "Lfmoiics' Mcci" ‖ tmc kronoe ka ioac. Ioac keiy fkgcs arkg ioac. Ioac os oefrcbodiy fkgpicx. Rmc

Vtleicy Goiicr "Vplrj leb Vkup" cxpcrogcets lrc tmc fikscst gle mls cvcr fkgc tk frcltoen ioac arkg oekrnleof glttcr

"elturliiy dy rlebkg fmlefc" oe tmc ildkrltkry. Mkwcvcr, tmcrc lrc tmrcc soneoaoflet prkdicgs wotm Goiicr's cxpcrogcets.

Goiicr lssugcb l rcbufoen ltgkspmcrc0 Gctmlec, Lggkeol, leb Mybrknce. Mc purpkscauiiy cxfiubcb Kxynce, dcflusc

ls l dokfmcgost, Goiicr jecw tmlt Kxynce wkuib bcstrky ley lgoek lfobs (tmc duoiboen dikfjs ka ioac) tmlt gonmt dc

prkbufcb. Kxynce prcfiubcs ley elturliostof cvkiutokelry kronoe ka ioac.

Vcfkeb, Goiicr uscb tmc wrken fkebotokes. Rmc cxpcrogcet wls suppkscb tk bcgkestrltc mkw ioac fkuib cvkivc arkg

oekrnleof glttcr elturliiy dy rlebkg fmlefc. Goiicr uscb le cicftrof splrj tk soguiltc ionmteoen ailsmoen upke tmc lefocet clrtm.

Rmorb, Goiicr nkt tmc wrken rcsuits. Br. Glrj Clstgle fkggcets ke tmc rcsuits ka Goiicr's "Vplrj leb Vkup" cxpcrogcet,

"Rmc gl`kr prkbufts ka tmc cxpcrogcet (tlr leb flrdkxyiof lfobs) lrc pkoskekus tk iovoen systcgs. Goiicr bob ekt frcltcioac -- mc frcltcb pkoske -- wrken rcsuits.

Elturliosg mls lektmcr prkdicg. Cvce oa sfocetosts wcrc tk bosfkvcr l gctmkb dy wmofm lgoek lfob duoiboen dikfjs

fkuib dc prkbufcb dy rlebkg fmcgofli prkfcsscs, fkuib ioac otscia cvkivc rlebkgiy arkg oekrnleof glttcr;

Tcliosg oe lrt leb iotcrlturc gly dc bcsfrodcb ls le lttcgpt tk bcsfrodc mugle dcmlvokur leb surrkueboens kr tk

rcprcscet aonurcs leb kd`cfts cxlftiy ls tmcy lft kr lppclr oe ioac. Lttcgpts lt rcliosg mlvc dcce glbc pcrokbofliiy

tmrkunmkut mostkry oe lii tmc lrts: tmc tcrg os, mkwcvcr, ncecrliiy rcstroftcb tk l gkvcgcet tmlt dcnle oe tmc gob-<?tm

fcetury, oe rclftoke tk tmc monmiy sud`cftovc lpprklfm ka Tkgletofosg. Rmc boaacrcefc dctwcce rcliosg leb elturliosg os

mlrbcr tk bcaoec, leb tmc twk tcrgs lrc katce uscb oetcrfmlencldiy. Rmc bostoeftoke iocs oe tmc alft tmlt rcliosg os fkefcrecb

borcftiy wotm wmlt os ldskrdcb dy tmc scescs: elturliosg, l tcrg gkrc prkpcriy lppiocb tk iotcrlturc, lttcgpts tk lppiy

sfocetoaof tmckrocs tk lrt.

Elturliosg leb Tcliosg, tcrgs wmofm tmc Ogprcssokeosts uscb oetcrfmlencldiy. Mkwcvcr, tmcrc os l iken pmoikskpmofli

trlbotoke, Xiltkeof leb tmce Ncrgle, wmofm wlets tk bostoenuosm dctwcce Lppclrlefcs (wmofm gly dc gosiclboen) lebCsscefcs (wmofm, ls ot wcrc, fleekt dc gosiclboen). Rmos pmoikskpmofli trlbotoke mls dcce leecxcb dy iotcrlry frotofs,

ektldiy Nykrny Iujlfs, leb fkevcrtcb oetk l bostoeftoke dctwcce Elturliosg leb Tcliosg oe lrt, cspcfoliiy oe tmc ekvci.

Vk ot os slob tmlt Dlizlf leb Rmkgls Glee lrc Tcliost ekvciosts, leb Pkil l Elturliost. Ot gonmt lisk dc slob tmlt tmc

Ogprcssokeosts lrc Elturliosts, wmcrcls Fczleec (leb prc-Ogprcssokeosts iojc Goiict leb Fkurdct) lrc Tcliosts (ka rltmcr

boaacrcet joebs).

Rmc Elturliost os ogprcsscb dy, leb plys lttcetoke tk, tmc suralfc ka tmoens wmctmcr ot dc tmc pily ka ionmt ke wltcr kr

tmc caacfts ka pkvcrty ke tmc bloiy bctloi ka ioac. Rmc Tcliost os, oe caacft, l sfocetost wmk prkdcs dcecltm lppclrlefcs oe

sclrfm ka csscefcs ‖ tmc fluscs ka tmoens, tmc mclrt ka tmc glttcr. Dctwcce <?68 leb tmc <?38s l nrclt bcli ka oej wls


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cxpcebcb oe icatwoen bcdltcs ke wmk wls leb wmk wls ekt l Tcliost, leb wmctmcr Gkbcreost prlftofcs wcrc fkgpltodic

wotm Tcliosg. Tcliosg wls tljce tk dc l nkkb tmoen, soefc ot glbc Lrt leb Vfocefc dktm plrt ka l `koet cetcrprosc akr tmc

lbvlefcgcet ka mugle uebcrstleboen. Rmcsc bcdltcs fle dc akiikwcb oe Iujlfs' dkkjs leb oe tmc fkiicftoke, Lcstmctofs

leb Xkiotofs. Katce kvcrikkjcb wls tmc sogpic pkoet tmlt skgckec gonmt dc kr try tk dc l Tcliost dut nct tmoens wrken. Leb

os ot dcttcr tk mlvc trocb tk dc l Tcliost tmle ecvcr trocb lt lii - scc dcikw ke Vurrcliosg.

\. >. ^mlt lrc tmc tmcgltof strlebs prcscet oe tmc ekvci Rmc Ceniosm Xltocet;

Les. Rmc Ceniosm Xltocet os fcetrcb lrkueb tmc cvcets ka ^krib l̂r OO, dut glrjcbiy ldscet arkg ots elrrltovc os ley

gcetoke - slvc tmc dkgdoen ka Morksmogl, wmofm mls nrclt pcrskeli soneoaoflefc tk tmc fmlrlftcr Jop ‖ ka ley ka tmc gl`kr

lftoke kr mostkry ka tmc wlr otscia. Tltmcr, ot akfuscs ke tmc pcrskeli cxpcrocefcs ka wlr ka tmc akur gloe fmlrlftcrs leb, oebkoen sk, pkrtrlys wlr ls le cebclvkur tmlt rcsuits ekt oe nikry, dut bcstruftoke leb, uitogltciy, dctrlyli tk tmksc wmk tljc

plrt. Mlel's icttcr tk mcr stcpgktmcr Filrl lt tmc ceb ka tmc ekvci gkst ficlriy stltcs tmc dctrlyli ka tmc wlr tkwlrbs tmksc

wmk `koecb ots caakrts: Filrl wls tmc keiy kec ka Mlel's algoiy ekt tk `koe tmc wlr caakrt, leb Mlel lsjs ka mcr, "Mkw yku

wcrc ekt akkicb iojc us;" ̂ mlt Mlel ‖ leb tmc ktmcrs ‖ wcrc "akkicb" dy wls tmc scesc ka mkekr leb buty tmlt brkvc clfm

ka tmcg tk `koe tmc wlr caakrt. Mlel, Jop leb Flrlvlnnok mlvc lii vkiuetlroiy icat tmcor kwe fkuetrocs tk `koe tmc Liiocb

akrfcs oe Curkpc, dut tmc ekvci akfuscs ke wmlt tmc wlr tkkj arkg tmcsc fmlrlftcrs0 Flrlvlnnok os mkrrodiy glogcb: Mlel

ikscs mcr altmcr, mcr ikvcr, leb mcr fmoib: Jop, wmk `koecb tmc Drotosm lrgy kut ka l scesc ka ikylity tk Cenileb leb tmc

^cst, ekt keiy ikscs mos dcst arocebs oe l dkgd bospksli, dut oe tmc ceb os dctrlycb dy tmc ^cst dy tmc dkgdoen ka

Morksmogl, wmofm mc vocws ls le lft ka diltlet rlfosg. Rmc pltocet mogscia, wmk wletcb ektmoen tk bk wotm tmc wlr, os

ueldic tk slvc Jltmlroec ls l borcft rcsuit ka tmc fkeaioft leb os akrfcb tk tljc sobcs: mc lisk ikscs mos dcst aroceb, Glbkx,

wmk fkggots suofobc ls l borcft rcsuit ka tmc wlr. Ekec ka tmc fmlrlftcrs cxot tmc wlr wotm l scesc ka mkekur kr nikry: ls

Flrlvlnnok ektcs lenroiy, "Rmc lrgocs oebkftroeltc yku leb iclvc yku mcrc leb tmcy alr kaa skgcwmcrc cisc tk flusctrkudic, oejy-boejy plricz-vkus."

Eltokemkkb leb Obcetoty

Rmc pltocet slys tk Mlel tmlt tmc obcl ka eltokes os kec tmlt bcakrgs pckpic. Rmc ekvci Rmc Ceniosm Xltocet cxpikrcs

tmc lttcgpt ka tmc fmlrlftcrs tk trlesfceb tmc fkestroftokes ka eltokemkkb, leb tmcor mcipicssecss leb oeldoioty tk bk sk

dcflusc ka tmc nrcltcr pkwcr ka pkiotofs, nkvcregcet, leb tmc wlr tmlt surrkuebs tmcg.

Oe tmc bcscrt, tmc pltocet leb mos oetcreltokeli dleb ka arocebs mlb ek eccb kr bcsorc tk ildci tmcgscivcs lffkrboen tk

tmcor eltokelioty: dcoen oe tmc bcscrt ‖ rcgkvcb, lt tmlt togc, arkg tmc pkiotofs ka Curkpc ‖ tmcy wcrc ldic tk akrcnk tmcor

ildcis ka eltokemkkb. Mkwcvcr, tmc wlr drkunmt tmc pkiotofs ka Curkpc tk tmc bcscrt: ot akrfcb tmc bosdlebgcet ka tmc

Ncknrlpmofli Vkfocty leb tmcrcakrc, sygdkiofliiy, put le ceb tk tmc pltocet's brclg ka trlesfceboen eltokemkkb. Rmc

pltocet's dcst aroceb, Glbkx, smkkts mogscia rltmcr tmle dc akrfcb tk liiy mogscia wotm Drotloe lnloest ktmcr gce sogpiy

dcflusc ka tmcor eltokelioty. Gkst trlnof ka lii os tmc vcry alft tmlt ot os tmc pltocet's elgc, leb tmc eltokemkkb ot ogpiocb,

tmlt jcpt tmc pltocet arkg slvoen Jltmlroec's ioac. Rmc Ceniosm skibocrs stltokecb kutsobc tmc bcscrt tkkj mog proskecr

rltmcr tmle mcip mog rcsfuc Jltmlroec, sogpiy dcflusc mos Muenlrole elgc bcektcb le lsskfoltoke ‖ lidcot ekecxostcet ‖

wotm tmcor cecgy. Oe tmc ceb, tmc pltocet os keiy ldic tk smcb mos obcetoty tmrkunm tmc iotcrli ikss ka mos alfc, ls mc os scvcrciy

durecb dcykeb rcfkneotoke.

Jop, tkk, lttcgpts tk trlesfceb tmc fkestroftokes ka eltokelioty dy lttcgptoen tk strlbbic dktm mos Vojm fuiturc leb tmc

Fmrostole Drotosm fuiturc: mos lttcgpt lt lssogoiltoke oetk Drotosm fuiturc os cspcfoliiy sygdkiozcb oe mos lbkptoke ka tmc

eofjelgc novce mog dy tmc Drotosm skibocrs ‖ tmrkunmkut tmc dkkj, mc os jekwe ls "Jop" rltmcr tmle "Jorpli Voenm." Akr

Jop, mkwcvcr, trlesfcebcefc os cvce gkrc ogpkssodic dcflusc ka mos Lsoltof rlfc0 mc, l gcgdcr ka tmc Drotosm lrgy's ciotc

slppcr ueot, os oebciodiy glrjcb ls Oebole dy tmc vcry fkikur ka mos sjoe, tmc "drkweecss" ka wmofm os cvkjcb rcpcltcbiy

tmrkunmkut tmc ekvci. Cvce oe tmc mclt ka bosgletioen l dkgd, mc os stoii fkesfokus ka tmc drkweecss ka mos sjoe leb,

tmcrcakrc, mos stltus ls le kutsobcr. Jop kronoeliiy `koes tmc Drotosm lrgy wotm tmc fkevoftoke tmlt mc fle trlesfceb tmc

supcrokr rlfosg ka tmc Drotosm, leb tmcrcakrc nloe lffcptlefc, sogpiy dy onekroen tmc ilws, wrottce leb uewrottce, tmlt

ogpoenc upke mos pcrskeli arccbkg.

\. =. Bk yku lnrcc tmlt oggonrlets alfc tmc boicggl ka lffcptlefc leb lssogoiltoke dy tmcor mkst fkuetry;

Dlsc ykur leswcr ke ykur rclboen ka tmc twk stkrocs ”Vwoggoen Icsskes‟ leb ”Rmc Bkkr O Vmut Dcmoeb Gc‟.

Les. "Vwoggoen Icsskes" os ldkut iovoen tknctmcr wotmkut jekwoen clfm ktmcr. Rmc obcetoty dcfkgcs aiuob oe tmos

stkry. 'Rmc bkkr O smut dcmoeb' os l gytm ldkut tmc joen Rrosmleju wmk wosmcs tk nk tk mclvce wotm mos dkby leb pcrakrgcb

gley 'tlplsyl' tk auiaoi mos wosm leb ncts tmc dkke tmlt mc woii dc ldic tk bk sk. ^moic ke tmc wly tk mclvce nkb stkppcb

mog oe tmc gobst leb slob mc fleekt nk wotm mos dkby sk mc rcgloes oe tmc gobst ecotmcr ke tmc clrtm ekr ke tmc mclvce. Rmc

wrotcr fkgplrcs tmc fkebotoke ka oggonrlets wotm tmlt ka tmc joen.

Rrosmleju rcaicfts Xlrlgcswlrle kdscrvltokes leb cxpcrocefcs. Ot smkws boaacrcet typcs ka rcspkesc tk gkvoen arkg


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kec cevorkegcet tk lektmcr. Ls le lflbcgof wkrjoen ke Bolspkrof cxpcrocefc, smc ektcb tmlt tmcrc lrc boaacrcet stlncs

tmlt wc, ls oebovobulis leb ls l fkggueoty, nk tmrkunm0 arkg ekstlinol akr tmc kib fkuetry goenicb wotm wkebcr lt tmc

ecw cevorkegcet, ke tk l pmlsc wmce kur gloe skfoli oetcrlftoke os wotm kur kwe Vkutm-Lsole aciikw oggonrlets, tk l

pmlsc wmce wc gkvc oetk tmc ilrncr Flelbole fkggueoty leb tljc kur pilfc oe tmc skfoli leb pkiotofli strufturcs ka kur

lbkptcb fkuetry. Mkwcvcr, Rrosmleju spcljs gkrc ka tmc aorst tmrcc pmlscs tmle ka tmc ilst pmlsc.

Gostry's wkrj lisk lbbrcsscs oggonrltoke, cspcfoliiy oggonrltoke tk Flelbl, leb tmc boaaofuity oggonrlet's alfc oe l

skfocty tmlt rcfkneozcs tmcor fuiturli boaacrcefcs leb yct fleekt cgdrlfc tmksc boaacrcefcs ls dcoen plrt ka otscia. Rmc stkry

bclis wotm lblptldoioty oe ecw ltgkspmcrc ka Flelbl akr tmc gonrlets. Rmc stkry os wrottce oe tmc akrg ka aorst pcrske

elrrltovc. Gostry mls ueotcb twk trlbotokes oe tmc smkrt stkry0 tmc fkescrvltovc, scgo- lutkdoknrlpmofli gkbc.Le ogpkrtlet aclturc ka tmc stkry os tmlt ot's scttoen gkvcs wotm tmc elrrltkr arkg Dkgdly tk Rkrketk leb liikws

Gostry tk brlw bcat plrliicis dctwcce tmc iovcs ka tmc rcsobcets ka lplrtgcet fkgpicxcs oe dktm ka tmcsc frkwbcb, guitofuiturli

urdle scttoens. ''Vwoggoen Icsskes'' smoats tmc akfus tk ossucs ka tmc ikecioecss, rlfosg, leb fuiturli lbùstgcet ka Gostry's

Oebole oggonrlet prktlnkeost. Rmc fmlrlftcrs ka ''Vwoggoen Icsskes'' oe tmc ceb sccg ligkst fkgakrtldiy sogoilr tk tmcor

Oebole fkuetcrplrts oe tmcor slb, pctty, leb katce mugkrkus lttcgpts tk aoeb boneoty leb mugle fkeecftoke oe tmc oskiltoen

forfugstlefcs ka gkbcre urdle lplrtgcet iovoen.

Xckpic oe tmc nltmcroen dciken tk tmc lii plrts ka tmc Oebol dut prcacrrcb tk spclj Ceniosm ls tmcor fmoibrce wlet tmcg

tk spclj sk oe arket ka tmcor arocebs. Fmlebcr tkkj kut mos vosl leb tmkunmt, os tmos tmc "plsspkrt tk ioaciken iuxury ZkrW tmc

bcvois dlot tk ioaciken cxoic".

Dktm tmc stkrocs prk`cft l "Rrosmleju" iojc cxostcefc akr tmc oggonrlets, tmcy ecotmcr dciken tk tmcor eltovc fkuetry

ekr tk tmc fkuetry tmcy gonrltcb. Rmcy swoen dctwcce lffcptlefc leb rc`cftoke.

\. ?. Rmc Cfstlsy ka Totl @kc pkrtrlys tmc oeboaacrcefc leb mkstoioty ka Flelbole ^motcs tkwlrbs Eltovc

Flelboles bk yku lnrcc; Novc rclskes akr ykur leswcr.

Les. Rmc stkry os tkib oe skens, gketlncs leb tldiclus. ^moic tmc fluscs ka tmc pionmt ka Ldkronoeli pckpic lrc ekt

smkwe oe smlrp rcioca, ot os ficlr tmlt tmc vokicefc ka wmotc fuiturc leb tmc pltrolrfmy ka Eltovc fuiturc lrc lt tmc rkkt ka tmc

prkdicg.

Rmc tmcgc ka Rmc Cfstlsy ka Totl @kc os cxpikotltoke ka Oebole wkgle lt tmc mlebs ka wmotc Flelbole. Rmc Glnostrltc

os tmc rcprcscetltovc ka tmc lttotubc ka wmotcs. Mc rcauscs tk iostce tk tmc nrocvlefcs ka Totl. Mc os lwlrc ka tmc frucity leb

oeùstofc gctcb kut tk tmcg dut strcsscb ke tmc bkngltof ilws.

Rmc Glnostrltc, tmc tclfmcr leb Gr. Mkgcr fkiicftovciy fliis mcr l prkstotutc, l bcnrlbcb pcrske, l tmoca ctf. Rmc

mcipicssecss ka eltovc Oeboles fle dc scce oe tmc pily leb tmc 'bclb ceb' elturc ka tmcor ioac oe ncecrli lrc lisk plrt ka tmc

tmcgltof tmrust ka Rmc Cfstlsy ka Totl @kc.

@logoc Xlui ikvcs Totl dut wls ekt ldic tk fkpc up oe tmc urdle lrcl. Mc stlebs lnloest tmc systcg dut os uitogltciyfrusmcb. Mc cxpkscs mypkfrotcs iojc Gr. Mkgcr ùst ls Totl rcebcrs tmc procst ogpktcet. Rmc soencr aueftokes ls l fmkrus.

Vmc lisk scrvcs ls le litcr cnk tk Totl @kc.

Rmc Glnostrltc swclrs dy tmc ilw dut fleekt scc Totl's dlb stltc ka fkebotoke. Rmc rurli plst (plstkrli) oe Totl's

gcgkry os dcykeb rctrocvli. Rmc prcscet urdlec sfcelrok mkibs keiy goscry leb bcnrlbltoke. Totl leb @logoc brclg tk

mlvc fmoibrce oe foty wmofm os oe stlrj fkgplroske tk Fikrl Moii wmk mls tk novc lwly mcr fmoibrce. Rmc wmotc tmuns wmk

rlpc Totl leb tmrkw @logoc oe arket ka tmc trloe lppclr ls tmc blrjcr sobc ka mugleoty. Rmc Cfstlsy ka Totl @kc os l scrocs

ka sfcecs ioejcb dy Totl's gcgkry leb lsskfoltokes: tmcor flusli rciltokes dcfkgc ficlr keiy tmrkunm rcpctotoke. Rmos

flusc leb caacft os wcii oiiustrltcb dy l plrtofuilr sfcec sct0 Totl @kc lbgots tk stclioen l swcltcr oe fkurt. Iltcr, lt l

fiktmoen brovc lrrlencb dy Gr. Mkgcr, @logoc Xlui cxpiofotiy akrdobs Totl @kc arkg tljoen l rcb swcltcr smc os lbgoroen.

Rmos flusc leb caacft rciltokesmop novcs frcbcefc tk Totl @kc's lftokes, ls wc lrc smkwe vcry sogpiy mkw leb wmy tmcsc

tmoens mlppce. Mcr cvcetuli rlpc leb gurbcr os akrcsmlbkwcb tmrkunmkut tmc pily, ls 'tmc gurbcrcrs' lrc wrottce scvcrli

togcs oetk tmc dlfjnrkueb sfcecs ka tmc pily: tmcy lft ls uejekwe gcelfoen kd`cfts lt togcs tmlt Totl smkws vuiecrldoioty.Totl @kc os l ykuen Aorst Eltokes wkgle wmk icat tmc rcscrvltoke akr skgc scgdilefc ka gkbcre ioac oe tmc foty. Vmc's

dcce lrrcstcb akr vlnrlefy leb prkstotutoke - fmlrncs smc bkcse't uebcrstleb ‖ leb os pilnucb ke lii sobcs dy l akrcone

rcionoke, nkvcregcet, leb mluetoen gcgkrocs ka l fmoibmkkb bovobcb dctwcce l mugoioltoen rcsobcetoli sfmkki leb tmc

elturli mlrgkey ka mkgc wotm mcr sostcr leb altmcr. Mcr dkyaroceb, @logoc Xlui (Jcvoe Ikroen), prkgoscs l ioac ka lutkekgy

leb picety, dut tmcor brclgs lrc fketoeuliiy blsmcb dy l systcg tryoen tk swccp tmc "Ldkronoeli prkdicg" uebcr tmc tonmtiy

wkvce run. Ot's l sogpic stkry, leb skgctogcs tmc pikt sccgs tk dc gkrc ka l vcmofic akr Tynl's vocws ke tmc trcltgcet ka

Ldkronoelis oe Flelbl. Rmc stkry os tkib oe skens, gketlncs leb tldiclus. ^moic tmc fluscs ka tmc pionmt ka Ldkronoeli

pckpic lrc ekt smkwe oe smlrp rcioca, ot os ficlr tmlt tmc vokicefc ka wmotc fuiturc leb tmc pltrolrfmy ka Eltovc fuiturc lrc


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7/21/2019 MEG-12-EM.pdf


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lt tmc rkkt ka tmc prkdicg.

Lii smlrp, sjoeey lenics leb toey poncke-tkcb acct, Tlvcesdcrnce oemldots Totl @kc ‖ mcr bostoeftovc lffcet, mcr gleof

pkics ka cgktoke leb cecrny, mcr plrliyzoen arustrltokes ‖ frcltoen l fmlrlftcr oetk wmkg tmc lftrcss fkgpictciy boslppclrs.

Mcrs os uebkudtcbiy kec ka tmc dcst pcrakrglefcs ka tmos tmcltrc sclske. Vmc's suppkrtcb dy l strken cescgdic, oefiuboen

Flefcr Gle mogscia leb Ikroen, wmksc @logoc Xlui siops caakrticssiy dctwcce ùdoilet kptogosg leb uefketrkiildic aury.

Totl's prkdicg os tmlt smc fle't leb wke't dc slvcb. Vmc os ueldic tk tljc frufoli bcfosokes kr wc fle sly tmlt smc os

prcvcetcb arkg bkoen sk dy tmc systcg leb mcr kwe gcetli gljc-up. Rmcrc lrc mypkfrotcs iojc Gr. Mkgcr. Rmc fkevcrsltoke

dctwcce @lgoc leb Gr. Mkgcr os tmc tmcgc ka tmc pily.

\. <8. ^rotc ektc ke Vglrk Jlgdkurcio ls l frotof.Les. Vglrk Jlgdkurcio os tmc frotof wmk os lisk scce ls tmc nulrbole ka acgoeost fkefcres oe Flelbl leb l rcglrj-

ldic tmckrozcr ka 'ktmcrecss' ka vlrokus joebs. Mcr rlenc leb vcrsltoioty lrc rcliiy cxcgpilry.

Vglrk Jlgdkurcio os l Xrkacsskr ka Ceniosm lt tmc Seovcrsoty ka Nucipm, leb mkibs l Rocr O Flelbl Tcsclrfm Fmlor oe

Frotofli Vtubocs oe Flelbole Iotcrlturc. Vmc os tmc borcftkr ka tmc ecw RrlesFlelbl Oestotutc lt tmc Seovcrsoty ka Nucipm

leb Fk-krnleozcr ka tmc fkeacrcefc RrlesFlelbl Rwk0 Iotcrlturc, Oestotutokes, leb Fotozcesmop.

Jlgdkurcio smkuib bcaoeotciy dc prloscb akr mcr lgdotokus fketcxtuliozltoke ka Flelbole iotcrlturc oe tcrgs ka

tmckrctofliiy pkst-strufturliost, ncerc-krocetcb, eltokeli, leb (tk skgc bcnrcc) mostkrofli oetcrcsts. Mcrs os l dkkj akr

wmofm - tk dkrrkw Jlgdkurcio's plrlbkxofli styic ‖ tmc filog ka suffcss wkuib dc le lbgossoke ka aloiurc, le

lfjekwicbncgcet ka tmc lffcptlefc ka clsy leswcrs leb plt akrguilc, ls wcii ls ka tmc prkpksotoke tmlt tmc cecrnocs ka

tmc iken pkcg's tcxtulioty fle dc glstcrcb, fketloecb leb cxpiloecb dy tmc frotof.

Vglrk Jlgdkurcio oe mcr lrtofic, "Rmckry0 Dcluty kr Dclst; Tcsostlefc tk Rmckry oe tmc Acgoeoec," (i??8) cxpikrcs

tmc bcdltc kvcr tmc rkic ka tmckry lgken wkgce wrotcrs oe Flelbl. Dcnoeeoen wotm Xlui bc Gle's scgoeli Rmc Tcsostlefc

tk Rmckry, Jlgdkurcio sunncsts tmlt plrt ka wrotcrs' rciuftlefc tk cgdrlfc tmckry os tmlt ot os boaaofuit tk bcaoec leb tk

fketrki tmc boaacrcet wlys oe wmofm ot gleopuiltcs tmc gcleoens ka l novce tcxt. Akr skgc tmos siopplnc oe gcleoen os l

pksotovc qulioty, wmofm liikws us tk rc-cvliultc gley tcxts dktm flekeofli leb glrnoeli. Jlgdkurcio lrnucs tmlt "kec ka

tmc proglry nklis ka wkgce wrotcrs oetcrcstcb oe tmckry os tmcor bcsorc tk pksotoke tmcgscivcs ls sud`cfts ka bosfkursc,

mcefc tmc rclboecss wotm wmofm tmcy qucstoke tmc vcry tmckrocs tmcy prlftosc. Oebccb, tmc alft tmlt tmcy aoeb suspcft ley

lpprkproltoen tcebcefocs tmlt gonmt dc oemcrcet oe tmc obckikny ka l novce tmckry os kec ka tmc gloe fmlrlftcrostofs ka tmcor

lttotubc tkwlrbs tmckry, wmctmcr acgoeost kr ekt.

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