qarTuli ena da literatura - EPRINTSeprints.iliauni.edu.ge/2088/1/MASWAVLEBLIS SAKVIRAO_DIDI.pdf · a) qarTuli ena da literatura `dedaena~ _ I safexuri (6-dan 8 wlamde moswav - leebisaTvis);

naTela maRlakeliZe, cisana yuraSvili,elene maRlakeliZe

gamomcemloba `meridiani~Tbilisi 2011

maswavleblis wigni

qarTuli ena daliteratura

(meToduri miTiTebanisakvirao skolebis pedagogebisaTvis)

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro

erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis centri

diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris aparati

© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2011

© n. maRlakeliZe

qarTuli ena da literatura

maswavleblis wigni (sakvirao skolebis pedagogebisaaTvis)

naTela maRlakeliZe (jgufi xelmZRvaneli),cisana yuraSvili, elene maRlakeliZe

avtorebi:

neli elizbaraSviliredaqtori

daviT kutubiZedizaineri

N. Maglakelidze, C. Kurashvili, E. Maglakelidze`Georgian language and literature~, ?? school, in Georgian `Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi - 2011

ISBN 978-9941-10-415-2

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,

Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 2 39-15-22; 2 30-96-14; 2 14-77-11;

599 541707 kaxaber rusiZe, 593 533527 naTela maRlakeliZe

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

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rekomendaciebi maswavleblisaTvis

warmodgenili saswavlo kompleqti Sedgeba Semdegi komponentebisagan:

a) qarTuli ena da literatura `dedaena~ _ I safexuri (6-dan 8 wlamde moswav -le e bi saTvis);

b) qarTuli ena da literatura _ II safexuri (8-dan 12 wlamde moswav leebi-saTvis)

g) maswavleblis wigni.

saswavlo kompleqtis Sedgenisas vecadeT gagveTvaliswinebina is garemoeba, rom sazRvargareT mdebare qarTuli sakvirao skolebis msenelTa asaki da enobri-vi kompetenciebi gansxvavebulia; gansxvavebulia is enobrivi garemoc, romelSiac maT uxdebaT cxovreba; pedagogTa kvalifikacia, swavlebis organizaciis forme-bi... yovelive es, bunebrivia, asaxvas povebs saswavlo procesze. am tipis skoleb-Si maswavlebels mouxdeba ufro meti SemoqmedebiTi damoukideblobis gamoCena, TiToeuli moswavlis individualuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba, enis flo-bis sxvadasva doneebs Soris swavlebis erTiani stra tegiebis moZieba, rac Zalze rTulia. warmodgenili saswavlo kompleqtis mizania, gauadvilos maswavlebels im Sedegebis miRweva, romelTac sakvirao skolebis qarTuli enisa da literaturis programa da sagnobrivi standarti iTvaliswinebs.

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I safexuri

I safexuris saxelmZRvanelo (dedaena) Sedgeba sami nawilisagan: a) winasaanbano periodi, b) saanbano periodi, g) anbanisSemdgom sakiTxavi masala. igi eyrdnoba im principebs, romelTac qarTul sinamdvileSi safuZveli iakob gogebaSvilma Cau-yara da Semdgomac warmatebiT gamoiyeneboda qarTuli wera-kiTxvis swavlebisas. es principebia:

a) wera-kiTxvis swavleba analizur-sinTezuri meTodiT,b) anbanis swavlebis kiTxva-weris xerxi,g) kiTxvisa da weris erTdrouli swavleba,d) qarTuli anbanis grafikuli Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba_ oTxxazian bade-

Si wera;e) sakiTxavi masalis SerCevisa da dalagebis principi...SevCerdebiT TiToeul am principze cal-calke:

a) bgeriTi analizur-sinTezuri meTodis arsi Semdegia: wera-kiTxvis swavleb-is procesSi erTdroulad xdeba rogorc analizi _ sityvis daSla marcvlebad, marcvlebisa _ aso-bgerebad, ise sinTezi _ aso-bgerebisagan jer marcvlebis, Sem-deg sityvebis, bolos ki winadadebebis Sedgena da wakiTxva. cnobilia, rom qar-Tuli ena ZiriTadad fonetikuri dawerilobisaa. aq imdeni bgeraa, ramdenic asoa, TiToeul asos TiTo bgera Seesatyviseba: sityvaSi imdeni aso iwereba, ramdenic bgerac ismis masSi. umravles SemTxvevaSi sityvis warmoTqma da wera erTmaneTs emTxveva. aq ar aris rbili da magari Tanxmovnebi, na xevarxmovnebi, difTongebi, maxviliani da umaxvilo xmovnebi... ar aris dacilebuli erTmaneTisagan warmoTqma da wera, rogorc es sxva enebSia (rusuli, inglisuri, franguli, germanuli...). gamocdilebam daadastura, rom, qarTuli enis specifikidan gamomdinare, es meTo-di (bgeriTi analizur-sinTezuri) qarTuli anbanis swavlebisas ualternativoa, gansxvavebiT im enebisagan, sadac warmoTqma da wera dacilebulia da amitomac wera-kiTxvas gansxvavebuli meTodiT aswavlian.

b) anbanis swavlebis kiTxva-weris xerxi _ arsebobs analizur-sinTezuri me-Todis ori xerxi: wera-kiTxvisa da kiTxva-werisa. qarTuli anbanis swavlebisas viyenebT kiTxva-weris xerxs, rac Semdegs gulisxmobs _ axal asos moswavleebi jer kiTxviT swavloben, Semdeg ki weren mas. qarTulSi kiTxva ufro advilia, vidre wera, radganac aq ar aris arsebiTi gansxvaveba beWdursa da xelnawer asoebs Soris, yovel asos ZiriTadad erTi bgera Seesatyviseba, rac aadvilebs kiTxvis process (Sdr. rusuli, sadac erTi da igive aso sxvadasxva poziciaSi sxvadasxvag-varad ikiTxeba, amitomac axal asos aq jer weren da Semdeg kiTxuloben);

g) kiTxvisa da weris erTdrouli swavleba _ kiTxva-weris xerxi aramc da aramc

ar gulisxmobs kiTxvisa da weris erTmaneTisagan daSorebas (Tumca amis cdebi aris). kiTxva xels uwyobs weras, wera ki _ kiTxvas. rogorc iakob gogebaSvili aRniSnavda, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom `maswavlebelma kiTxvasTan erTad unda Se-aerTos weraca, radgan Cvens meTodSi (analizur-sinTezuri _ n.m.) wera maSvelebe-li RonisiZiebaa kiTxvisaTvis~. marTlac, wera-kiTxvis swavlebis procesi erTiani, ganuyofeli procesia. am meTodiT erTsa da imave gakveTilze axali aso jer kiTx-viT Seiswavleba, Semdeg _ weriT;

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d) qarTuli anbanis grafikuli Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba _ qarTuli an-bani weris swavlebis TvalsazrisiT ramdenadme specifiuria. mis Taviseburebas Seadgens asoTa simrgvale da vertikaloba. mxolod erTaderTi kuTxovani aso gvaqvs (xelnaweri o, romelic ufro da ufro iSviaTad gamoiyeneba). arsebiTi mo-mentia isic, rom beWduri da xelnaweri asoebis didi umravlesoba identuria _ maT Soris ar aris didi dacileba. es yvelaferi amartivebs qarTuli anbanis Seswavlas, magram gvaqvs sirTulec _ es aris qarTuli asoebis moxazuloba. am TvalsazrisiT rom qarTuli anbani rusul anbans SevadaroT, vnaxavT, rom rusulSi 32 asodan 26 (а, г, е, и, o, k, ж, л, м, н, п, с, т, ы, ц, ш, щ, я... ) Sua xazze iwereba, ori aso (б, в) iwereba xazzeviT, sami (д, у, р,) _ xazqveviT, erTi aso ki (ф) _ samive xazze. evropul enebSi 23 asodan Sua xaze iwereba 14, sami _ xazzeviT, sami _ xazzqveviT, ori _ xazzeviT da qveviT. rogorc vxedavT, aq asoebis umravlesoba Sua xazzea ganTavsebuli. qar-TulSi ki 33 asodan Sua xazze iwereba mxolod oTxi (i, a, T, o), xazzeviT _ 13 (z, m, n, r, C, b, s, x, S, w, h, Z, p), xazqveviT _ 14 (d, e, v, k, l, J, t, u, f, R, y, c, j, J ), ori aso (q, W) _ samive xazze. swored amitom SearCia iakob gogebaSvilma qarTuli anbanisaTvis oTxxaziani bade (gansxvavebiT sxva enebisagan, sadac erTi xazi xSirad sakmarisia asoTa moxazulobis dasaufleblad). Cveni rekomendacia am etapze maswavlebli-saTvis iqneba _ anbanis Seswavlis procesSi gamoiyenos oTxxaziani bade, rac gauad-vilebs moswavles sawer sivrceSi orientirebas (zemoT, qvemoT, SuaSi, marjvniv, marcxniv), aseve xels Seuwyobs asoTa vertikalobis dacvas, asoTa da sityvaTa So-ris saWiro Sualedebis datovebas, qarTuli asoebis elementebis (rkali, rgoli, swori xazi, almaceri xazi da mrudi xazi...) dauflebas. qarTuli anbanis Seswavlis Semdeg maswavlebels SeuZlia saweri badis Secvla.

saanbano periodSi moswavles erT gakveTilze mxolod erT asos vacnobT (gamo-naklisia pirveli gakveTili, sadac a da i asoebi erTad ecnoba). TiToeuli axlad-Seswavlili aso-bgeris Semdeg saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemulia matarebeli. misi va-gonebi TandaTan iv seba Seswavlili aso-bgerebiT. amas erTgvari saxaliso elferi Seaqvs saswavlo procesSi.

saanbano periodSi kaligrafiuli Cvevebis gamomuSavebasa da qarTuli asoebis mo xazulobis dauflebas emsaxureba `rveuli~, romelic I safexuris saxelmZRvane-los Semadgeneli nawilia.

anbanisSemdgomi periodisaTvis warmodgenili gvaqvs qarTuli saymawvilo lit-eraturis nimuSebi, sadac didi adgili uWiravs i. gogebaSvilis moTxrobebs ru-brikiT ̀ brZenkacis darigeba~. vecadeT, rom sakiTxavi masala Tematurad da Janro-brivad mravalferovani yofiliyo _ leqsebi, moTxrobebi, zRaprebi, SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqstebi... SevarCieT sami ZiriTadi principis _ didaqtikuri, asakobrivi da esTetikuri _ mixedviT. TiToeul teqsts axlavs sityvis salaro, sadac axsnil-ia is sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, romlebic moswavleTaTvis SeiZleba gaugebari iyos. gTxovT, yuradReba miaqcioT im garemoebas, rom meTodikur aparat-Si, romlebic am sakiTxav masalas axlavs, xSirad calkea gamoyofili leqsikur-frazeologiuri savarjiSoebi, romlebic teqstSi saWiro sityvis an frazis moZiebasa da saTanado adgilas Casmas isaxavs miz-nad. am savarjiSoebis mizania, moswavlem SeZlos axladSeswavlili leqsikuri erTeulis metyvelebaSi praqtikulad gamoyeneba.

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teqstebis bolos mocemulia kiTxvebi, romelTa mizania ara mxolod faqtobrivi masalis konstantireba (eqsplicituri masalis moZieba), ar-amed analizi, sinTezi, Sefaseba, daskvnebis gamotana, sakuTari pozici-is dafiqsireba (implicituri). gTxovT, yuradReba miaqcioT rubrikas `SearCieT pasuxi da daasabuTeT Tqveni azri~. es ar gaxlavT daxuruli tipis tes-turi davaleba erTaderTi swori pasuxiT. misi mizania, moswavles misces arCevani _ Cven mier SeTavazebuli pasuxebidan aarCios erT-erTi, romelic misTvis misa-Rebia, oRond ise, rom aucileblad daasabuTos Tavisi azri. am tipis savarjiSos mizania, aswavlos moswavles _ mkiTxvels _ sakuTari azris dasabuTeba, alterna-tiuli azris mosmena, momzados momavalSi diskusiisaTvis. Tu saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli alternatiuli pasuxebidan moswavles ar akmayofilebs arc erTi, mas SeuZlia sakuTari variantis SemoTavazebac. ar aris aucilebeli teqstis gaazre-bisas mzamzareuli receptebis SeTavazeba.

sakiTxav masalasTan integrirebiT xdeba teqstis enobriv-gamomsax-velobiT mxa reze dakvirvebac, rac saxelmZRvaneloSi aRniSnulia spe-cialuri simboloTi. am etapze, bunebrivia, Tavs vikavebT enobrivi definiciebis miwodebisagan. am rubrikis mizania daakvirvos moswavle enis gamosaxvelobiT saSulebebze, praqtikulad daauflos marTlwar-moTqmasa da marTlweras.

TiToeuli teqstis boloSi specialuri pirobiTi niSniT aRniSnulia sawe ri davaleba, romelic maswavlebels, ra Tqma unda, SeuZlia Secva-los moswavleTa interesisa da kompetenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

arsad ar vuTiTebT TiToeuli teqstisaTvis (an aso-bgerisaTvis) saWiro saaTebis raodenobas. migvaCnia, rom es maswavleblis gadasawyvetia.

anbanisSemdgomi periodisaTvis aris gaTvaliswinebuli agreTve damatebiT sa-varjiSoTa sistema ènis samyaroSi~. am savarjiSoebis mizania, misces moswavleebs elementaruli codna iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: aso-bgera; xmovani, Tanxmovani; marcvali; sityva; winadadeba; teqsti. Cveni azriT, igi daexmareba pedagogebs, ro-gorc moswavleTa leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebasa da sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaSi, ise _ kaligrafiuli Cvevis srulyofaSi. es Temebi wignSi garkveu-li sisitemiT aris dalagebuli. dae, maswavlebelma Tavad gansazRvros, ra mocu-lobiTa da sixSiriT avarjiSos moswavleebi am sakiTxebze.

sakvirao skolebSi gansakuTrebul adgils ikavebs moswavleTa SeiaraReba sametyvelo etiketis CvevebiT. ra Tqma unda, Znelia erT saxelmZRvaneloSi war-moadgino sxvada sxva enobrivi kompetenciebis mqone moswavleTaTvis savarjiSoTa erTiani sistema, Tumca imeds vitovebT, rom winasaanbano periodisaTvis maswav-leblisaTvis Cven mier SeTavazebuli davalebebi mas gauadvilebs moswavleebTan am mimarTebiT muSaobas.

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winasaanbano periodi

am periodSi maswavleblis mizania moamzados moswavle qarTuli wera-kiTxvis Sesaswavlad, gamoumuSavos sityvis bgeriTi analizisa da sinTezis Cvevebi, ganuvi-Taros mas fonematuri smena, gaumdidros metyveleba axali leqsikuri erTeule-biT, imuSaos elementaruli stilisturi Cvevebis formirebaze, daauflos qar-Tul bgeraTa marTlwarmoTqmas, gaacnos sametyvelo etiketis formebi.

zepirmetyvlebaze muSaoba winasaanbano periodSi Semdegnairad SeiZleba war-imarTos:

1. kiTxva-pasuxi moswavleTaTvis nacnobi Temebis irgvliv _ es SeiZleba iyos: bunebis suraTebi, moswavleTa garToba-TamaSebi, maTi ojaxi, ojaxis wevrebi, frin-velebi da cxovelebi, weliwadis droebi, sayvareli filmebi... kiTxvebze pasuxiT gairkveva, ra leqsikuri maragiT movida bavSvi skolaSi, ramdenad flobs igi qar-Tul enas, rogoria misi metyveleba, rogor gamoTqvams qarTul bgerebs, aqvs Tu ara defeqti metyvelebaSi...

2. Txroba nacnob sagnebsa da movlenebze _ moswavleebi gabmuli TxrobiT gad-moscemen STabeWdilebebs, epizodebs sakuTari cxovrebidan. es gabmul metyvle-baze muSaobis erT-erTi formaa, magram unda gvaxsovdes, rom moswavleTa leqsi-kuri maragi araerTgvarovania, maT jer kidev ar SeuZliaT gamarTuli Txroba, uZneldebaT aRwera, msjeloba, mravlad uSveben stilistur da gramatikul Sec-domebs. maswavlebels aq moTmineba marTebs – igi zedmetad ar unda Caerios moswavleTa TxrobaSi.

3. sabavSvo literaturuli nawarmoebebis mosmena _ igi uRvivebs moswavleebs inte ress, momavalSi Tavadac waikiTxon. nawarmoebis mosmenas mosdevs analizi kiTxva-pasuxis saxiT, rac xels uwyobs rogorc mosmenilis gaazrebas, aseve _ me-tyvelebis ganviTarebas.

4. mcire moculobis leqsebis dazepireba _ es marTlmetyvelebaze muSaobis erT-erTi formaa, aseve uviTarebs moswavleebs esTetikur gemovnebas, aCvevs mx-atvrul saxeebze dakvirvebasa da momavalSi maT gamoyenebas.

5. suraTis aRwera _ moswavleebs am mizniT SeiZleba SevTavazoT kompoziciuri suraTebi, romlebzec maTTvis saintereso sagnebi da movlenebi iqneba gamosaxuli. suraTis aRwera xels uwyobs ara mxolod leqsikonis gamdidrebas, aramed gabmuli Txrobis unaris gamomuSavebasac.

6. fonematuri smenis ganviTareba _ am periodSi moswavleebi praqtikulad ak-virdebian, rom ambavi winadadebebisagan Sedgeba, winadadebebi – sityvebisagan, sityvebi _ bgerebisagan. am dros SeiZleba gamoviyenoT taqtis xerxi (analizisas xelis ritmuli moZraobis/taSis gamoyeneba). moswavleebs vavarjiSebT bgeraTa marTlwarmoTqmaze, gansakuTrebiT es exeba sisin-SiSina bgerebs (Z, c, w, s, j, C, W, J, S), sonor bgerebs (l da r), qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebel yru mkveTrebs (p, t, k, y,). kargia, Tu aqtiurad CavrTavT am procesSi ènis gasatexebs~.

amave periodSi ecnobian moswavleebi saxelmZRvanelos gamoyenebis wesebs (yda, sarCevi, teqsti, ilustracia), arkveven satitulo ydaze moTavsebuli simboloeb-is mniSvnelobas...

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aqve gTvazobT gTvazobT Tematikas winasaanbano periodisaTvis: 1. sametyvelo etiketi

_ misalmebisa da damSvidobebis formebi (gamarjoba, salami, dila mSvidobisa, naxvamdis, kargad iyavi, mSvidobiT...)

_ gacnoba (Cemi saxelia ..., me mqvia..., me var... Sen ra gqvia?... es aris...)_ madlobis gadaxda (gmadlobT!)_ bodiSis moxda (bodiSi)_ Txovna (SeiZleba wavide? SeiZleba Semovide? SeiZleba gavide?...)_ Tanxmoba (diax, SeiZleba); uari (ara, ar SeiZleba)_ mokiTxva (rogor xar?)_ mimarTva ufrosTan (rogor xarT/brZandebiT?)_ mipatiJeba (mobrZandiT, dabrZandiT, mewvieT, miirTviT...)

2. informaciis gacvla

_ piradi monacemebi (ra gqvia? ra gvari xar? ramdeni wlisa xar? romel klasSi xar?)

_ misamarTi (me vcxovrob...)_ Cemi telefonia..._ Cemi mSoblebi arian..._ pirovnebis identificireba (es vin aris?)_ saqmianoba (me moswavle var, me vswavlob ... klasSi/skolaSi)

3. drois aRricxva _ drois qronologia (guSin, dRes, xval, axla, maSin, dila, saRamo, Rame...)_ kviris dReebi _ weliwadis droebi (gazafxuli, zafxuli, Semodgoma, zamTari)_ dResaswaulebi (axali weli, dedis dRe, dabadebis dRe...)

4. aRwera

_ adamianis (maRali, dabali, lamazi, keTili, Wkviani...)_ sagnis (didi, patara, lamazi, cudi, mokle, grZeli...)_ amindis (kargi, cudi, wvims, Tovs, qaria, civa, cxela...)

5. sivrceSi orientireba

_ is sad aris? (SigniT, gareT)_ sad aris wigni? (wigni magidazea, merxzea, CanTaSia...)_sad aris skami? (oTaxSia, ezoSia...)_ sad aris Citi? ZaRli? kata?...

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6. damokidebuleba

_ mowoneba, armowoneba (momwons, ar momwons...)_ sakuTari poziciis gamoxatva (kargia, cudia, sworia, ar aris swori...)_ Sefaseba (rogoria?)_ emociis gamoxatva (ra kargia! ra cudia! )

7. Tematuri leqsika

_ adamiani da sazogadoeba (kaci, qali, gogo, biWi, mSoblebi, mezoblebi, amx-anagebi...)

_ adamianis sxeulis nawilebi (Tavi, xeli, fexi, tani, TiTi, saxe, Tma...)_ qalaqi (moedani, quCa, saxli, gza, Senoba...)_ sofeli (ezo, saxli, mindori, bostani...)_ geografiuli saxelebi (qveyana, qalaqi, sofeli, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani...)_ warmomavlobis saxelebi (qarTveli, azerbaijaneli, rusi...)_ saswavlo nivTebi (wigni, rveuli, kalami, fanqari, carci...)_ ojaxi (deda, mama, da, Zma, bebia, babua...)_ skola (maswavlebeli, moswavle, saklaso oTaxi, samaswavleblo...)_ Senoba (sarTuli, bina, oTaxi, samzareulo, saabazano, sadarbazo, kedeli,

fanjara, kari...)_ aveji (merxi, dafa, karada, skami...)_ Sinauri cxovelebi (Zroxa, cxvari, ZaRli, kata, Txa...)_ gareuli cxovelebi (daTvi, mela, mgeli, tura, lomi...)_ Sinauri frinvelebi (qaTami, indauri, bati, ixvi...)_ gareuli frinvelebi (arwivi, bulbuli, beRura...)_ bunebis movlenebi (qari, wvima, Tovli, yinva...)_ tansacmeli (kaba, Sarvali, fexsacmeli, winda, perangi, pijaki, palto, qur-

Tuki...)_ WurWeli (TefSi, Wiqa, finjani, kovzi, Cangali, qvabi...)_ janmrTeloba (avadmyofi, eqimi, wamali, afTiaqi...)_ higiena (savarcxeli, saponi, pirsaxoci, cxvirsaxoci, sufTa, WuWyiani...)_ transporti (avtobusi, manqana, matarebeli, metropoliteni, vagoni...)_ fulis erTeulebi _ supermarketSi, bazarSi (ra Rirs? iafia, Zviria...)_ saTamaSoebi (Tojina, velosipedi, burTi, doli...)_ sursaTi (saWmeli, rZe, Cai, yava, puri, kanfeti, nayini; sauzme, sadili, vax-

Sami...)_ garToba, TamaSi _ sporti (fexburTi, kalaTburTi, curva, auzi, sportuli moedani...)_ kulturuli obieqtebi (kino, Teatri, koncerti, zooparki, cirki...)

Tu ramden xans unda gagrZeldes winasaanbano periodi, es Tavad maswavlebelma unda gadawyvitos moswavleTa SesaZleblobisa da Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswine-biT. Cveni rCevaa – ar gaweloT igi droSi, radganac gaxsovdeT: Tqvens moswavles Zalze eCqareba qarTuli anbanis gacnoba.

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sanimuSo gakveiTilebis scenarebi winasaanbano periodisaTvis

I gakveTili

gakveTilis masala: axali saswavlo garemo, enobrivi komunikaciis formebi, Tematuri leqsika, winadadeba, sityva

gakveTilis miznebi:

axali saswavlo garemos gacnobaswavlasTan dakavSirebuli Tematuri leqsikis dauflebamartivi sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis formireba (urTierTgacnoba)leqsis dazepirebamoswavleTa metyvelebaze dakvirveba, maTi ind. Taviseburebebis garkveva

gakveTilis msvleloba

aqtivoba 1 _ urTierTgacnoba, axali saswavlo garemos gacnoba:_ es gakveTili ramdenadme aratradiciuli formiT daiwyeba, didi dro eT-

moba urTierTgacnobasa da amasTan dakavSirebuli martivi sakomunikacio Cvevebis formirebas:

_ Sen vin xar? ra gqvia? (me var giorgi, Cemi saxelia giorgi...)_ ra gvari xar? ramdeni wlis xar? sad cxovrob?..maswavlebeli saubris gziT arkvevs moswavleTa vinaobas, acnobs sametyvelo

etiketis: misalmeba-damSvidobebis (gamarjoba, salami... naxvamdis, mSvidobiT, kar-gad iyavi/brZandebodeT...), madlobis (gmadlobT), nebarTvis (SeiZleba aviRo? SeiZleba Semovide?.. _ diax, SeiZleba; ara, ar SeiZleba), bodiSis moxdis (bodiSi, mapatieT), mimarTvis (TanatolebTan da ufrosebTan)... formebs: skolis reJims, warmoaTqmevinebs leqsebs qarTul enaze (Tu ician), afiqsirebs axali saswavvlo garemoTi gamowveul ganwyobilebas, akvirdeba moswavleTa metyvelebas foneti-kur-intonaciuri da leqsikuri TvalsazrisiT; aTvalierebinebs saxelmZRvanelos, daakvirvebs masSi moTavsebul ilustraciebsa da teqstebze; acnobs misi gamoyen-ebis wesebs...

aqtivoba 2 _ suraTis aRwera:maswavlebeli klasis yuradRebas SeaCerebs saxelmZRvanelos dasawyis gverdze

moTavsebul suraTebze, sTxovs gaarkvion _ ra aris daxatuli, SeurCion saTauri jer TiToeul maTgans (pirobiTad: 1.Sexvedra maswavlebelTan, 2.pirveli gakve-Tili, 3.dasvenebaze...), Semdeg ki _ yvelas erTad (pirveli dRe skolaSi), scadon, daafiqsiron suraTze gamoxatul moswavleTa emociebi, gaarkvion – riT aris igi gamowveuli; Seadaron im saswavlo garemos, romelic maT sakvirao skolaSi daxv-daT...

aqtivoba 3 _ leqsis dazepireba _ maswavlebeli klass ukiTxavs nawyvets g. le-oniZis leqsidan `dedaena~:

`Cveni wigni, Cveni deda,Cveni ena qarTuli,

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oqrosxmian simebad gulSi amoxlarTuli.~

gairkveva sityva `dedaenis~ mniSvneloba _ igi aRniSnavs mSobliur enas (`qar-Tuli Cveni dedaenaa~), aseve _ im wignis saxelwodebacaa, romliTac qarTveli bavSvebi qarTul wera-kiTxvas swavloben (ìakob gogebaSvilma bavSvebs `dedaena~ Seudgina~).

aixsneba sityvaTSeTanxmebani: òqrosxmiani simebi~ _ simebi, romlebic sasiam-ovno xmebs gamoscemen (simi _ sakravze gabmuli mavTuli, abreSumis Zafi, romel-ic rxevisas musikalur bgeras gamoscems _ gitaris simi, Conguris simi...); `gulSi amoxlarTuli~ _ gulSi Rrmad CabeWdili...

gaanalizdeba leqsi _ ratom aris wigni dedasTan Sedarebuli, ra igulisxmeba òqrosxmian simebSi~ (dedaena, romelic bavSvebma am wigniT unda Seiswavlon)...

moswavleebi leqss izepireben rogorc gundurad, ise _ individualurad.

aqtivoba 4 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:moswavleebi akvirdebian jer pirvel wreSi moTavsebul suraTebs, asaxeleben

maT saxelebs (saTamaSo manqana, Tojina, bzriala, burTi), arkveven, ra aqvT am sagnebs saerTo, ratom arian erT wreSi moqceuli, ra saerTo sityva aerTianebs maT (saTamaSo), aseve akvirdebian meore wreSi moqceul sagnebs (fanqrebi, CanTa, rveuli, wigni, kalami), ra saerTo cnebis qveS SeiZleba maTi gaerTianeba (saswavlo nivTebi). akvirdebian amave gverdze moTavsebul martiv siuJetian suraTebs (biWi xatavs, gogona wers, gogona xels iwevs), maTi gamoyenebiT Sedgeba or- da samsity-viani winadadebebi, gairkveva _ ramdeni sityva esmiT pirvel winadadebaSi (am dros maswavlebeli iyenebs `taqtis xerxs~ _ TiToeuli sityvis warmoTqmisas ukravs taSs):

_ romelia aq pirveli sityva? (biWi), meore? (xatavs).aseve gaanlizdeba meore da mesame winadadebebic.

II gakveTili

gakveTilis masala: Tematuri leqsika, _ bostneuli; winadadeba, sityva, marcvali, bgera (praqtikulad), xelis savarjiSo

miznebi:

Tematuri leqsikis (bostneuli) dauflebagabmuli metyvelebis ganviTarebaleqsis dazepirebasityvis damarcvla (praqtikulad)bgeris pozociaze dakvirvebawerisaTvis mzadeba _ xelis savarjiSo

aqtivoba 1 _ Tematuri leqsikis gacnoba:maswavlebeli klass akvirvebs saxelmZRvaneloSi moTavsebul bostneulis su-

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raTebze: pomidori, xaxvi, badrijani, kitri, kartofili, kombosto, Warxali, sta-filo. gaarkveven, ratom aris isini erT wreSi gaerTianebuli da ra saerTo saxeli aerTianebs maT (bostneuli).

_ risTvis iyeneben bostneuls? (sakvebad)._ Tu iciT, rogor mohyavT bostneuli? (aq maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaacnobs

sityvis _ bostani _ mniSvnelobas: miwis nakveTi, sadac mohyavT saWmel-sakazmi mcenareebi_ kombosto, pomidori, kitri, xaxvi... mwvanili).

_ kidev xom ar gaixsenebT sxva bostneulsac, romlebic suraTze ar aris daxat-uli?

aqtivoba 2 _ suraTis aRwera:`bavSvebi bostanSi~. suraTze gamosaxul bavSvebs moswavleebi SeurCeven sax-

elebs da maswavleblis damxmare kiTxvebis saSualebiT adgenen zepir Txzulebas:_ vis xedavT suraTze? (bavSvebs). _ sad arian isini? (bostanSi)._ ratom fiqrobT ase? (suraTze moCans kombosto, bavSvebs ki Toxi da bari

uWiravT xelSi)._ SevurCioT maT saxelebi (pirobiTad: giorgi, Tiko, laSa, zura, nino, kaxa)._ ras Svreba giorgi? ra uWiravs mas xelSi? (giorgi dgas, mas cali xeli jibeSi

aqvs Cayofili, meoreSi ki joxi uWiravs)._ Tikos ra uWiravs xelSi? (bari). ras akeTeben bariT? (miwas baraven). ra acvia

Tikos? (Tikos kaba acvia, kabaze winsafari ukeTia). ra feris aris misi kaba? rogo-ria misi winsafari? ra axuravs Tavze?

_ ra uWiravs xelSi laSas? (Toxi da vedro). rogor fiqrobT, rad unda vedro? (wlis mosatanad).

_ ras Svreba zura? (sarwyaviT yvavilebs rwyavs)._ vin iyureba fanjridan? (nino)._ ras Svreba nino? (is zuras elaparakeba). _ suraTze kidev moCans erTi cocxali arseba. ra aris es? (ZaRli). SevurCioT

mas saxeli. _ ras akeTeben bavSvebi bostanSi? (isini kombostos uvlian, zura ki yvavilebs

rwyavs)._ rogor fiqrobT, SeZleben bavSvebi kargi mosavlis aRebas? (aq moswavleTa

fantazias SeiZleba mivceT gasaqani, dae, maT sakuTari survilsamebr SeZlon su-raTze gamosaxuli ambis gagrZeleba).

_ ra saTauri SeiZleba SevurCioT am suraTs? (bostanSi; bavSvebi bostanSi; ufrosebs daexmarnen ...)

aqtivoba 3 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:gavimeoroT sityva ̀ kom-bos-to~ (maswavlebeli am sityvas damarcvliT warmoTq-

vams da TiToeuli marcvlis warmoTqmisas taSs ukravs _ iyenebs `taqtis xerxs~)._ ramdeni marcvali warmovTqvi? romelia pirveli marcvali? meore? mesame?..aseve daimarcvleba sityvebi: xax-vi, po-mi-do-ri, kit-ri, sta-fi-lo, War-xa-

li.maswavlebeli erTxel kidev mkafiod warmoTqvams sityvas `kombosto~._ romeli bgeriT iwyeba es sityva? (k bgeriT). romeli bgeriT iwyeba sityva

`xaxvi~? `pomidori~?..

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_ axla davakvirdeT suraTs, aq xatia kalaTi da mis irgvliv ki _ bostneuli. modiT, kalaTSi mxolod is bostneuli `CavawyoT~, romelTa saxelebi k bgeriT iwyeba (kitri, kartofili, kombosto).

aqtivoba 4 _ leqsis mosmena da dazepireba: maswavlebeli klass gamometyvelebiT ukiTxavs oTar SalamberiZis leqss `Cemi

baRCa~:

`modiT, naxeT Cemi baRCa,nairferi, rogorc farCa,ager qinZi,ager kama,niori da niaxuri,swavlis Semdeg baRCis movlagaxlavT Cemi samsaxuri~.

aixsneba sityva `baRCis~ mniSvneloba: patara baRi, sadac yvavilebTan erTad bostneulsac Tesaven. aseve aixsneba sityvebi: farCa _ abreSumis Zvirfasi feradi qsovili; qinZi, kama, niaxuri _ mwvanilebi.

moswavleebi izepireben am leqss, yuradReba eqceva bgeraTa marTlwarmoTqmas.

aqtivoba 5 _ werisaTvis mzadeba: _ Sua ujraSi paraleluri xazebis gavleba. maswavlebeli klass esaubreba

weris higienis wesebze, akvirvebs sawer badeze, esaubreba sivrciT orientaciaze (zemoT, qvemoT, zeda xazi, Sua xazi, qveda xazi, didi ujra, patara ujra, marcxniv, marjvniv...), akvirvebs, saidan iwyeba am xazebis moxazuloba, sad mTavrdeba, romel ujraSi, romel xazzea ganTavsebuli, ramdeni ujra unda davtovoT maT Soris... moswavleebi varjiSoben jer dafaze, Semdeg _ rveulebSi.

winsaanbano periodi maswavlebels sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr SeuZlia gaam-ravalferovnos sxvadasxva saxis siuJeturi suraTebiT, romlebic moswavleebs daexmareba leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebasa da gabmuli metyvelebis ganviTare-baSi; aseve, mas klasis interesebisa da SesaZleblobis mixedviT SeuZlia SearCios literaturuli masala, romelsac TviTonve waukiTxavs moswavleebs.

mosalodneli Sedegebi winasaanbano periodis bolos:

I. moswavles SeuZlia moisminos da adekvaturad aRiqvas informacia;II. SeuZlia TxrobiTi xasiaTis ilustrirebuli mxatvruli teqstis mosmena da

gageba;III. zepirad SeuZlia informaciis gadmocema misTvis nacnob Temaze (martivad);IV. ganviTarebuli aqvs fonematuri smena, SeuZlia winadadebebis daSla sityve-

bad, sityvebisa _ marcvlebad, marcvlebisa _ bgerebad;V. SeuZlia bgeris poziciis garkveva sityvaSi;VI. ZiriTadad dauflebulia qarTuli bgerebis warmoTqmis specifikas;VII. axerxebs oTxxazian sawer badeSi orientirebas da SeuZlia maswavleblis mi-

TiTebiT sxvadasxva detalebis (swori xazi, rkali, rgoli) moxazva.

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sanimuSo gakveTilebis scenarebi saanbano periodisaTvis

gakveTilis masala: i da a aso-bgerebi

miznebi:

_ i da a asoebis gacnoba, maTi kiTxva da wera_ sityvis bgeriTi analizisa da sinTezis unaris ganviTareba_ fonematuri smenis ganviTareba_ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba_ grafikuli Cvevebis formireba_ swori kiTxvis Cvevis gamomuSaveba_ Tavaziani mimarTvis formebis daufleba

aqtivoba 1 _ provocireba:maswavlebeli klass gamometyvlebiT ukiTxavs nodar dumbaZis leqss ìa~:

`ra yvavils vgavar, Tu iciT?kargad SemxedeT, aba,cisferi qudi maxuravs,macvia lurji kaba,baRSi var, xeliT matarebsCveni mebaRe Zia, Tavze pepela mazis daiciT? me ia mqvia~.

gaanalizdeba, rogor aris leqsSi ia daxasiaTebuli (cisferi qudi axuravs, lurji kaba acvia), ixseneben, ra ician am yvavilis Sesaxeb, CamoTvliam mis niS-nebs (aq sasurvelia maswavlebelma gamoiyenos sagnobrivi TvalsaCinoeba da Tval-naTliv aCvenos moswavleebs ia an misi suraTi): gazafxulis maxarobelia, mindvris yvavilia, surnelovania, nazia, lurji feris aris... moswavleeebi survilis mixed-viT izepireben mTlianad leqss an mxolod mis nawils.

aqtivoba 2 _ sityvis analizi da sinTezi:leqsis dazepirebis Semdeg moswavleTa saerTo ZalebiT sityvis _ ia _ gamoyen-

ebiT Sedgeba winadadeba: ìa lamazi yvavilia~, / ìa gazafxulze yvavis~... _ ramdeni sityva gesmiT am winadadebaSi? romelia pirveli sityva? meore? me-

same?_ gavimeoroT sityva ìa~ (warmoTqvams damarcvliT: i-a). ramdeni bgera gesmiT?

romelia pirveli bgera? meore?_ movifiqroT sityvebi, romlebic a) i (a) aso-bgeriT iwyeba, b) i (a) aso-bger-

aze mTavrdeba, g) ori i (a) aso-bgeraa, d) i da a aso-bgerebi erTad gvxvdeba..._ davasaxeloT sityvebi, romlebic a) ìa~-Ti iwyeba (iadoni, iasamani, iamze...),

b) romlebic ìa~-Ti mTavrdeba (galia, lia, gia...).

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aqtivoba 3 _ i da a asoebis gacnoba:amis Semdeg maswavlebeli `moZravi anbanidan~ aCvenebs i da a asoebs, avalebs

moswavleebs, Tavadac moZebnon isini da aCvenon erTmaneTs. moswavleebi moZravi asoebis gamo yenebiT adgenen sityvebs ̀ ia~, ̀ ai~. aanalizeben, ramdeni asoa TiToeul sityvaSi, aiwyoba fraza: ài ia~, akvirdebian, ramdeni sityvaa, romelia pirveli sityva, meore; Semdeg am sityvebs uvclian adgilebs da ise kiTxuloben miRebul frazas...

aqtivoba 4 _ saanalizo masalis kiTxva:`moZravi anbaniT~ varjiSis Semdeg maswavlebeli saxelmZRvanelodan kiTxu-

lobs saanalizo teqsts ìa~, avarjiSebs mis kiTxvaSi moswavleebsac, kiTxuloben rogorc individualurad, ise _ gundurad.

maswavlebeli klasis yuradrebas miapyrobs ̀ matarebels~, romelsac yvela fan-jara daketili aqvs, garda orisa, saidanac i da a asoebi moCans:

_ es daxuruli fanjrebi TandaTan gaiReba yoveli axali aso-bgeris Seswavli-sas. roca yvela fanjara gaiReba, anu yvela aso Tavis adgils daikavebs, Tqven ukve kiTxva gecodinebaT da matarebelic daiZvreba qarTuli enis samyarosaken!

aqtivoba 5 _ i da a asoebis, sityvisa da frazis wera:dafaze iwereba i aso, gaanalizdeba grafikulad (romel ujraSi iwereba, ras

hgavs mxazulobiT _ rkals, saidan iwyeba misi wera, saiTken miemarTeba xeli, sad mTavrdeba). aseve gaanalzdeba a asoc, Semdeg ki sityva _ ia da fraza – ai ia (ramdeni asoa, romelia pirveli aso, meore, ra Sualedebia asoebs Soris, sityvebs Soris, ra weria winadadebis bolos, ujris romel kuTxeSia `wertili~ ganTavsebu-li). moswavleebi varjiSoben jer dafaze, Semdeg ki _ rveulebSi.

aqtivoba 6 _ situaciuri savarjiSo:amgvari savarjiSos Sesrulebas sul ramdenime wuTi eTmoba. maswavlebeli

klass sTavazobs Temas, romelzec moswavleebma unda SeTxzan mcire zomis teqsti da gaiTamaSon dialogebis saxiT. amjerad gTavazobT Temas `stumrad~. moswav-leebma unda aRweron es situacia (vin aris stumari, vin aris maspinZeli, rogor vxvdebiT stumars...), Tavad wamoidgenen Tavs stumris (maspinZlis) rolSi da sau-broben. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba mimarTvis formebs (mobrZandiT, dabr-ZandiT, miirTviT, gmadlob...). am mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT wyvilebSi muSaobac (stumari, maspinZeli).

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gakveTilis masala: S aso-bgera

miznebi:

_ S aso-bgeris gacnoba, misi kiTxva da wera_ sityvis bgeriTi analizisa da sinTezis unaris ganviTareba_ fonematuri smenis ganviTareba_ bgeris marTlwarmoTqmaze varjiSi_ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba_ swori kiTxvisa da weris Cvevis gamomuSaveba_ metyvelebis ganviTarebaaqtivoba 1: provocireba _ maswavlebeli klass esubreba frinvelebis Sesaxeb.

uCvenebs maTs suraTebs da avalebs, gaixsenon ra ician maT Sesaxeb. dajgufdeba: a) Sinauri frinvelebi: (qaTami, indauri, ixvi, bati...) b) gareuli frinvelebi (mer-cxali, beRura, arwivi, SoSia...), awvdis mokle informacias maT Sesaxeb _ sad cxov-roben, riT ikvebebian, romeli gareuli frinvelebia gadamfreni, sad mifrinaven zamTarSi, ratom mifrinaven... Semdeg gamometyvelebiT ukiTxavs Sio mRvimelis leqss `SoSia da bavSvebi~:

`_ rad mofrenilxar, SoSiav, Sen ase adrianada?_ ra vqna, viyavi sxva mxares,viyavi naRvlianada. vicodi, zamTris nawyvetiaq kidev damixvdeboda,Semawuxebda SimSilida kidec Semcivdeboda,magram gavbede wamosvla,ar SevuSindi zamTarsada movatane kidecaCemi samSoblos mTa-barsa~.

leqsi leqsikuri TvalsazrisiT cota rTulia, amitom aixsneba sityvebi da gamoTqmebi:

viyavi naRvlianada _ mowyenili viyavizamTris nawyveti _ zamTris narCeni, susxi, sicive Semawuxebda SimSili _ momSivdeboda, saWmelis Sovna gamiWirdebodamovatane... samSoblos _ samSobloSi davbrundi gairkveva, visi saubaria leqsSi gadmocemuli (SoSiasi da bavSvebis), ras ekiTx-

ebian bavSvebi SoSias (ratom mofrinda igi ase adre), ras pasuxobs SoSia (sxva mxa-reSi Zalian mowyenili viyavi da veRar gavZelio), ratom ar SeuSinda igi zamTars (mas Zalian enatreboda Tavisi qveyana da amitomac ar eSinoda zamTris), rogoria am leqsis mixedviT SoSia (gambedavi, uSiSari, Zalian uyvars Tavisi samSoblo...). moswavleebi izepireben am leqss da kiTxulben wyvilebSi rolebad (SoSia, bavS-vebi).

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aqtivoba 2 _ sityvis analizi da sinTezi:leqsis mixedviT Sedgeba winadadeba, romelSiac iqneba sityva `SoSia~ (SoSia

samSobloSi dabrunda, /SoSia uSiSari frinvelia/, SoSias Zalian uyvars Tavisi samSoblo...).

_ ramdeni sityvaa am winadadebaSi? romelia pirveli sityva? meore? mesame?.._ mkafiod warmoTqviT sityva So-Si-a (maswavlebeli mkafiod warmoTqvams am

sityvas damarcvliT, SeiZleba am dros gamoiyenos taqtis xerxic _ taSi TiToeuli marcvlis warmoTqmisas). ramdeni marcvali gesmiT am sityvaSi? romelia pirveli marcvali? meore? mesame? ramdeni bgera gesmiT am sityvaSi? (sityvas Slis bger-ebad: S-o-S-i-a. aqac SeiZleba taqtis xerxis gamoyeneba). romelia pirveli bgera? meore? mesame?.. romeli bgera meordeba?

_ mkafiod warmoTqviT bgera S (TviTon aZlevs am bgeris marTlwarmoTqmis nimuSs da avarjiSebs mis warmoTqmaze. daimaxsovreT: S am asakis moswavleTaTvis warmosaTqmelad sakmaod rTuli bgeraa amitom am mimarTebiT muSaobaa saWiro).

_ daasaxeleT sityvebi, romlebic a) S bgeriT iwyeba, b) romelSic S bgeraa, g) ori S bgeraa.

aqve SeiZleba davazepirebinoT enis gasatexic:`SariSuri, SariSuri, vin wausva Sav SaSvs muri?~

aqtivoba 3 _ moZravi anbaniT muSaoba:maswavlebeli klass ̀ moZravi anbanidan~ uCvenebs S asos, moswavleebic eZeben mas

TavianT anbanSi da misi gamoyenebiT awyoben sityvebs: `SoSia~, `muSa~, `SuSa~, `SeSa~, `SoTi~, `SoTa~... am dros SeiZleba gamoviyenoT jgufuri muSaoba: moswavleebs SeeZlebaT erTmaneTis Secdomis aRmoCena da gasworeba. xdeba awyobili sityvebis analizi (sityvebi daiSleba jer marcvlebad, Semdeg _ asoebad), Semdeg _ sinTezi (asoebis SeerTebiT jer marcvlebis, Semdeg sityvebis miReba), aiwyoba winadadeba: `SoSias Sia~, gaanalizdeba, ramdeni sityvaa masSi, ramdeni marcvalia TiToeul sityvaSi, romel sityvaSi gvxvdeba S aso erTxel, romel sityvaSi meordeba igi...

aqtivoba 4 _ teqstis kiTxva:teqsts gamometyvelebiT, mkafiod kiTxulobs maswavlebeli, sasurvelia, am

dros moswavleebi Tvals adevnebdnen maswavleblis wakiTxuls. moswavleebi var-jiSoben teqstis kiTxvaSi jer individualurad, Semdeg _ gundurad. aixsneba maT-Tvis gaugebari sityvebi (maSo _ gogonas saxelia, Sio _ biWis saxelia, SoTi _ ToneSi gamomcxvari grZeli formis puria...). sasurvelia, moswavleebma TviTon moiZion aseTi sityvebi da TviTonve urTierTdaxmarebiT axsnan igi. maswavlebeli Caereva saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi.

teqsts kiTxuloben rogorc mTlianad, ise – nawil-nawil. mivmarTavT gamokre-biT kiTxvasac: moZebneT da waikiTxeT teqstSi sityvebi,: a) romlebic iwyeba S bger-iT (SeSa, SuSa, SoTi), b) romelSic S bgera SuaSia (muSa, miSa), g) romelSic ori S bgeraa (SeSa, SuSa, SoSia), d) romlebic ori erTnairi xmovniT mTavrdeba (SeSaa, SuSaa, muSaa), e) romlebSic erTi Tanxmovani da ori xmovania (Sia, Sio, uTo).

_ moZebneT da waikiTxeT a) pirveli striqonis meore winadadeba, b) meore striqonis bolo winadadeba, g) ormarcvliani sityvebi, d) sammarcvliani sityve-bi...

sakiTxavi masalis mixedviT moswavleebi erTmaneTs (an maswavlebeli moswav-leebs) usvamen kiTxvebs teqstis irgvliv: _ Sio visi Zmaa? (SoTasi), SeSa risia?

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(muxis), uTo visia? (maSosi), SoSia rogori frinvelia? (mgalobeli), kidev romeli mgalobeli frinvelebi iciT?..

aqve teqstSi mocemulia marcvlebi (So-, -Sa), moswavleebma unda daumaton marcvali boloSi an TavSi ise, rom sityvebi miiRon (So-Ta, So-ba, So-Ti; mu-Sa, Se-Sa, Su-Sa).

aqtivoba 5 _ S asos wera calke, sityvaSi, winadadebaSi:dafaze iwereba S aso, gaanalizdeba igi grafikulad (ramden ujraSi iwereba,

saidan iwyeba misi wera, saiT miemarTeba xeli misi werisas, sad mTavrdeba, romel asos hgavs moxazulobiT /m-s/, riT hgavs am asos, riT gansxvavdeba...). aseve gaana-lizdeba sityva `SoSia~ da winadadeba `Sio miSas Zmaa~. yuradReba maxvildeba Su-aledebis dacvaze a) asoTa Soris (S asos wera ujris gamotovebis gareSe iwyeba), b) sityvaTa Soris, g) sityvasa da sasven niSans Soris.

aqtivoba 6 _ situaciuri savajiSo _ `misalmeba~:moswavleebi maswavlebelTan erTad qmnian sxvadasxva situacias: a) rodesac

asakiT ufrosi esalmeba umcross, b) rodesac asakiT umcrosi esalmeba ufross, g) rodesac Tanatolebi esalmebian erTmaneTs. moswavleebi ecnobian da mocemul situaciaSi iyene ben misalmebis iseT formebs, rogoricaa: gamarjoba, mogesalme-biT, dila mSvidobisa... agreTve yuradReba maxvildeba misalmebisas Jest-mimikis gamoyenebaze: xelis aweva, xelis CamorTmeva, qudis moxda, Tavis dakvra...

mosalodneli Sedegebi saanbano periodis Semdeg:

1. moswavles SeuZlia moisminos da adekvaturad aRiqvas martivi informacia; Seu-Zlia sworad reagireba nacnob sametyvelo situaciebSi.

5. moswavles gamomuSavebuli aqvs fonologiuri unar-Cvevebi.6. moswavles SeuZlia anbanuri principis gageba da gamoyeneba.7. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi kodis gaSifvra.9. moswavles SeuZlia anbanis yvela asos gamowera.10. moswavles SeuZlia karnaxiT wera da nabeWdi teqstidan / dafidan martivi wina-

dadebebis ga dawera.

19

sanimuSo gakveTilebis scenarebi anbanisSemdgomi periodisaTvis:

gakveTilis masala: a. gurgeniZis leqsi ài ia~; sityva, marcvali

miznebi

_ swori da Segnebuli kiTxvis Cvevis gamomuSaveba._ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba, axali leqsikuri erTeulebis daufleba da

metyvelebaSi praqtikulad gamoyeneba._ gabmul metyvelebaze muSaoba._ azrovnebis ganviTareba _ sakuTari azris Camoyalibeba da dasabuTeba._ grafikuli Cvevebis daufleba.

aqtivoba 1 _ kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba:maswavlebeli warmoTqvams da dafaze wers frazas _ ài ia~. klass avalebs, moi-

fiqros, ras axsenebs es fraza, ra ician mis Sesaxeb...muSaoba SeiZleba Catardes rogorc individualurad, ise wyvilebSi. mosafiqre-

blad eZleva ramdenime wuTi. moswavleebi gamoTqvamen TavianT mosazrebebs am frazis irgvliv, TiToeuli mosazreba iwereba dafaze, am dros dauSvebelia kama-Ti, kritika, Sefaseba. moqmedebs principi: `yvela azri mniSvnelovania~. dafaze ivseba `gonebrivi ieriSis ruka~:

ai ia

codnis samyaro

`dedaena~ wera-kiTxvis Seswavla

i. gogebaSvili

aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva:teqsts kiTxulobs jer maswavlebeli, Semdeg ki _ kiTxvaSi gawafuli moswavle.

konteqstis mixedviT aixsneba axali sityvebi da gamoTqmebi:Svenis _ alamazebs, amSvenebs;moCqefs _ moCuxCuxebs, moedineba (iTqmis wyalze, siTxeze), saqarTvelos ukv-

daveba moCqefs _ saqarTvelos ukvdaveba grZeldeba,dailia _ aq: damTavrda, gamoilia; saqarTvelos ukvdaveba... gana dailia _

saqarTvelos bedniereba, sikeTe, ar damTavrebula; momavali Taoba _ axalgazrdebi, aq: bavSvebi, romlebic qarTulad wera-kiTxvas

swavloben;mamuli _ samSoblo... aqve moswavleebi aTvaliereben ferad ilustracias _ mercxals aivnis saxur-

avTan bude aqvs gakeTebuli, bartyebs Tavs dastrialebs, sakvebs uzidavs. iqve gadaSlilia `deda ena~.

akeTeben daskvnas _ aivnian saxls mercxlis bude Svenis, `dedaenas~ _ ài ia~.

20

varjiSoben kiTxvaSi. gamoiyeneba kiTxvis yvela saxe (individualuri, gunduri, gagrZelebiT, gamokrebiT...) yuradReba maxvildeba marTlwarmoTqmaze, sasveni niS-nebis (`wertili~, `mZime~) xmarebis SemTxvevebze, swori kiTxvis Cvevebze...

amave gverdze mocemulia gamocana, romelic gaanalizdeba klasis ZalebiT:TeTri xnuli _ wignis furceli, Savi Tesli _ asoebi; mTesveli _ am SemTxvevaSi

moswavle, romelic kiTxvas swavlobs da codnas eziareba (pasuxi: wigni).

aqtivoba 3 _ leqsis analizi:moswavleebi ukvirdebian mxatvrul Sedarebas (terminis miwodebis gareSe):

`rogorc mercxlis koxta budeSvenis saxlebs aivnians,ise Svenis wignis furcelsài ia~, ài ia~.

gaanalizdeba, ratom aris ài ia~ mercxlis budesTan Sedarebuli, ratom hgo-nia poets, rom wigns es fraza amSvenebs, eTanxmebian Tu ara am Sedarebas...

aqve cdiloben moZebnon leqsSi is adgi lebi, romlebic savarjiSoSia miTiTe-buli. es davalebebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT jgufuri muSaobisaTvis.

aqtivoba 4 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:es savarjiSo SeiZleba Sesruldes gundurad. muSaobaSi CaerTveba mTeli klasi.

davaleba iTvaliswinebs teqstidan oTxmarcvliani sityvebis dasaxelebas. aseTi sityva cxraa. esenia: saqarTvelos, ukvdaveba, dedasaviT, SeviyvareT, momavali, Ta-obebi, aivlian, Caivlian, aivnians. sityvebi Camoiwereba dafaze, gairkveva, ratom aris isini oTxmarcvliani (TiToeul maTganSi oTxi xmovania). aseve aanalizeben sityvaTa wyvils _ aivlian, Caivlian. maswavlebeli avalebs Seadginon maTi gamoy-enebiT winadadebebi; akvirdebian jer maT bgeriT Sedgenilobas _ isini erTnairi bgeriTi Sedgenilobisaa, gansxvavebas qmnis mxolod C aso-bgera; Semdeg _ mniS-vnelobas (orive SemTxvevaSi sityva ukavSirdeba siaruls, svlas, oRond sxvadasx-va mimarTulebiT).

teqstSi gamoyenebuli sityvebiT ivseba krosvordi (pasuxebi: bude, mze, ukv-daveba, ai, Svenis, gana, ia).

aqtivoba 5 _ weriTi davaleba:moswavleebma leqsidan is adgili unda amoweron, romelic yvelaze metad moe-

wonaT (gamokrebiTi gadawera), oRond zepirad aucileblad unda daasabuTon Ta-visi mosazreba.

21

gakveTilis masala: i. gogebaSvilis èrTi da ori~; marcvali. sityva

miznebi

_ metyvelebis ganviTareba _ gabmul metyvelebaze muSaoba._ azrovnebis ganviTareba _ sakuTari azris Camoyalibeba da dasabuTeba._ swori da Segnebuli kiTxvis Cvevis daufleba._ swori weris Cvevis daufleba

aqtivoba I _ kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba:maswavlebeli klass uCvenebs i. gogebaSvilis portrets da sTxovs moswavleebs,

gaixsenon, ra ician mis Sesaxeb, misi romeli nawarmoebi mousmeniaT. dafaze iwereba iakob gogebaSvili, moswavleebma unda daasaxelon yvela fraza, rasac es saxeli axsenebT: sabavSvo mwerali, `dedaenis~ avtori, pedagogi...

aqve maswavlebeli dafaze wers sityvas `brZenkaci~ da klass uxsnis mis mniS-vnelobas _ Zalian Wkviani adamiani, vis azrsac afaseben, ismenen da cxovreba-Sic iyeneben. moswavleebs eubneba, rom i. gogebaSvilis yvela moTxrobasTan aris aRniSvna `brZenkacis darigeba~.

iakob gogebaSvili

Seadgina `dedaena~

werda sabavSvo moTxrobebs

zrunavda xalxze

iyo maswavlebeli

aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva:maswavlebeli gamometyvelebiT kiTxulobs moTxrobas ̀ erTi da ori~. maswavleb-

lis Semdeg kiTxuloben moswavleebi; kiTxuloben teqsts mTlianad, nawil-nawil; individualurad, gundurad, wyvilebSi... yuradReba maxvildeba swori kiTxvis wesebis dacvaze, sityvaTa marTlwarmoTqmaze... teqstSi aris rogorc TxrobiTi, aseve kiTxviTi winadadebebi, romlebsac kiTxuloben saTanado intonaciiT (maswav-leblis nimuSis mixedviT).

aqtivoba 3 _ teqstis analizi: moswavleebi maswavleblis miTiTebiT cal-calke kiTxuloben mwerlis Ti-

Toeul darigebas, aanalizeben maT, gamoTqvamen da asabuTeben sakuTar mosazre-bas _ ramdenad marTebulad miaCniaT es darigeba, ixseneben saTanado SemTxvevebs cxovrebidan Tu mosmenili literaturuli masalidan. aq maswavlebelma SeiZleba gamoiyenos jgufuri muSaobac. mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba gadmoaceminos te-qsti TxrobiT 1-2 moswavles.

22

aqve yuradReba maxvildeba termin ̀ dedaenaze,~ romelic mSobliuri enis sinon-imia, gairkveva am sityvis mniSvneloba da azrobrivi datvirTva.

aqtivoba 4 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba: moswavleebma unda moZebnon teqstSi erTmarcvliani sityvebi (aseTi sul 6-ia)

da TanmimdevrobiT Camoweron dafaze: Sen, gaqvs, ki, rom, da, Tqva. unda gansazRv-ron, ratom aris aq erTi marcvali (imitom, rom erTi xmovania).

aqve mocemulia davaleba _ ra da ra moqmedebebs asrulebs adamiani? (moqme-debis aRmniSvneli sityvebi teqstidan unda amoweron):

Wams

adamiani

laparakobs

xedavs

muSaobs

ismens

aqtivoba 5. weriTi davaleba _ amoweron mwerlis erT-erTi darigeba (gamokre-biTi gada wera) da zepirad daasabuTon TavianTi mosazreba.

23

gakveTilis masala: i. gogebaSvilis `muqTamWame la~; winadadeba

miznebi

_ swori da Segnebuli kiTxvis Cvevis daufleba._ metyvelebis ganviTareba: a) leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba; b) gabmul metyvelebaze muSaoba._kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba: sakuTari azris Camoyalibeba da da-

sabuTeba._ swori weris Cvevis formireba.

aqtivoba 1 _ kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba:maswavlebeli sadiskusiod klass sTavazobs or sakiTxs: 1) ra aris adamian-

Si mTavari: garegnoba Tu xasiaTi? 2) cvlis Tu ara Cacmuloba adamians? klass mosafiqreblad eZleva 3 wuTi. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli yvela msurvels aZlevs azris gamoTqmis saSualebas, gamoTqvams TiToeul gansxvavebul mosazrebas, Sem-deg klasTan erTad ajamebs maT.

aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva:teqstis kiTxvamde aixsneba sityva `muqTamWamela~ _ zarmaci, uqnara adamiani,

romelic sxvisi SromiT cxovrobs.teqsts maswavlebeli Tavidan bolomde kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT, akiTxebs

kiTxvaSi gawaful moswavlesac; Semdeg ramdenime moswavles akiTxebs nawil-nawil da iwyeba leqsikur-frazeologiuri analizi, aixsneba sityvebi da idiomaturi gamoTqmebi:

abuCad hyavda agdebuli _ dascinoda.masxrad aigdo _ sasacilod aigdo, dascina.Coxa _ mamakacis qarTuli, erovnuli samosi.gaisarje _ iSrome, imuSave.pativi damedeba _ pativiscemiT momeqcevian, damafaseben.

aqve maswavlebeli klass aZlevs davalebas _ am axali sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis gamoyenebiT Seadginon winadadebebi.

moswavleebi varjiSoben kiTxvaSi, gamo iyeneba individualuri da gunduri kiTxva, gagrZelebiT kiTxva, gamokrebiT kiTxva.

kiTxuloben da aanalizeben teqstis bolos mocemul andazas, akavSireben mas wakiTxulTan, ixseneben sxva msgavs andazebsac...

aqve gaanalizdeba feradi ilustraciac. moswavleebi akvirdebian masze ga-mosaxul personaJebs, cdiloben gamoxaton mxatvris damokidebuleba, SeaqvT sa-Tanado koreqtivebi.

aqtivoba 3 _ teqstis analizi:moswavleebi kiTxvebze pasuxiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss, amave dros, aana-

lizeben mas da gamoxataven sakuTar damokidebulebas nawarmoebis personaJisadmi, aq SeiZleba maswavlebelma gamoiyenos amgvari Tanmimdevroba:

aRwereT _ rogoria muqTamWamela xasiaTiT, CacmulobiT?

24

SeadareT _ TqvenTvis cnobil romel gmirs hgavs igi? (magaliTebi SeiZleba dasa xeldes rogorc literaturuli nawarmoebebidan, ise filmebidan).

SeafaseT _ ramdenad misaRebia gmiris moqmedeba? gamoxaton mis mimarT saku-Tari pozicia, daasabuTon saTanado argumentebiT.

aqtivoba 4 _ gaakeTeT daskvna:maswavlebeli klass sTavazobs am nawarmobis gagrZelebas. klasi SeiZleba

daiyos jgufebad, TiToeulma jgufma unda warmoadginos sakuTari varianti da daasabuTos igi. Tu moswavleebs ar akmayofilebT saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli daskvnebi, SeuZliaT ganavrcon igi an SemogvTavazon Tavisi azri (oRond aucile-blad dasabuTebuli).

aqtivoba 5 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:moswavleebs evalebaT teqstSi oTxsityviani winadadebebis moZebna. aseTi oria:

`yvelas abuCad hyavda agdebuli~, `yvelam ufro aigdo masxrad~, vavalebT, gadaa-keTon isini 5-6 sityvian winadadebebad da daakvirdnen sityvaTa matebasTan erTad rogor icvleba, zustdeba azri. magaliTad, `yvelas abuCad hyavda agdebuli~, _ `muqTamWamela yvelas abuCad hyavda agdebuli~, `sacodavi muqTamWamela yvelas abuCad hyavda agdebuli~...

aqve maswavlebeli dafaze xazavs krosvords da klass avalebs Seavsos igi mx-olod teqstidan amokrefili sityvebiT:

(pasuxebi: mezobeli, pativi, uaresi, muqTa mWamela, Coxa, icvli, iyo).

aqtivoba 6 _ weriTi samuSao _ mezoblis sityvebi (gamokrebiTi gadawera).

25

gakveTilis masala: i. gogebaSvilis `menaveebi~; winadadeba. sityva

miznebi

_ xmamaRali da swori kiTxvis Cvevis daufleba._ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba;_ gabmul metyvelebaze muSaoba._ kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba._ swori weris Cvevis daufleba.

aqtivoba 1 _ kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba:maswavlebeli dafaze wers sityvebs _ ̀ menave~, ̀ navi~, ̀ qariSxali~ da klass sTa-

vazobs, Seadginos patara moTxroba am sityvebis gamo yenebiT. aq SeiZleba klasi daiyos jgufebad da TiToeulma jgufma warmoadginos sakuTari varianti.

saxelmZRvaneloSi gverdze mocemulia suraTi, romelsac iyeneben zepiri Tx-zulebis Sedgenisas. ambis gadmocemisas isini arian absoluturad Tavisufalni, maswavlebeli ar zRudavs maT, aZlevs srul gasaqans maT fantazias.

aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva:teqsts jer maswavlebeli kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT, Semdeg ki kiTxvaSi

gawafuli ramdenime moswavle. aixsneba ucnobi sityvebi:menave _ navis wamyvani.niCabi _ 1. xisgan gamoTlili sameurneo iaraRi marcvleulis mosaxvetad, 2. (aq)

_ wyalSi mosasmeli brtyelboloiani farTo keti (xisa), romliTac navi mihyavT (uCvenebs suraTze).

qariSxali _ Zlieri qari.evedrebiT _ exvewebiT, emudarebiT, sTxovT.

varjiSoben kiTxvaSi. gamoiyeneba kiTxvis yvela saxe (individualuri, gunduri, gagrZelebiT, gamokrebiT). yuradReba maxvildeba marTlwarmoTqmaze, sasveni niSne bis xmarebis SemTxvevebze, swori kiTxvis Cve veb ze...

aqve maswavlebeli klass aZlevs davalebas _ am axali sityvebis gamoyenebiT Seadginon winadadebebi.

aseve kiTxuloben da aanalizeben teqstis bolos mocemul andazas: `cudad jdomas (usaqmurad jdomas) cota Sroma sjobiao~. akavSireben mas wakiTxul-Tan, ixseneben analogiur magaliTebs lite raturuli masalidan, kinofilmebidan, cxovrebidan...

aqtivoba 3 _ teqstis analizi:moswavleebi aanalizeben wakiTxuls, kiTxveb ze pasuxebiT gadmoscemen teqstis

Sinaarss. 1. ra SeemTxvaT menaveebs?2. ra urCies menaveebs?3. rogor fiqrobT, sworia es rCeva?gamoxataven sakuTar damokidebulebas nawarmoebis personaJebisadmi, afaseben

26

da aanalizeben maT saqciels, asabuTeben Tavis mosazrebas... aqve varjiSoben teqs-tis Sinaarsis TxrobiT gadmocemaze.

aqtivoba 4 _ gaakeTeT daskvna:maswavlebeli klass sTavazobs am nawarmoebis gagrZelebas ramdenime varian-

tad. Tu moswavleebs ar akmayofilebT saxelmZRvneloSi mocemuli variantebi, SeuZliaT ganavrcon igi an SemogvTavazon sakuTari azri (oRond aucileblad dasabuTebuli). aq SeiZleba gamoviyenoT jgufuri muSaoba.

aqtivoba 5 _ enobriv masalaze muSaoba:moswavleebs evalebaT teqstSi moZebnon Svidsityviani winadadeba: `menaveebs

Sig Sua mdinareSi didi qariSxali amouvardaT~. es winadadeba iwereba dafaze. Sem-deg moswavleebs evalebaT es winadadeba rigrigobiT gadaakeTon 6-, 5-, 4-sityvian winadadebebad, akvirdebian, SesaZlebelia Tu ara aq sityvaTa Semcireba? yoveli winadadeba iwereba dafaze. mizania, moswavleebi davakviroT, rom winadadebaSi sityvaTa raodenobis SemcirebasTan erTad azrs sicxade akldeba; amasTanave, wina-dadebaSi arsebobs sityvaTa garkveuli minimumi, romelic aucilebelia dasrule-buli azris gamosaxatavad.

aqve dafaze iwereba winadadebebi: `menavem niCabi mousva~ da `niCabi da Toxi sameurneo iaraRebia~. akvirdebian TiToeul winadadebaSi sityva `niCbis~ mniS-vnelobas da akeTeben saTanado daskvnas _ pirvel winadadebaSi `niCabi~ navTan aris dakavSirebuli, meore winadadebaSi ki sameurneo iaraRia. gamoaqvT saboloo daskvna: sityvas SeiZleba sxvadasxva mniSVneloba hqondes.

aqtivoba 6 _ `sityvis salaro~:wignSi mocemulia sityvagamotovebuli winadadebebi, moswavleebma unda SeZlon

gamotovebuli sityvebis aRdgena, romlebic Seswavlil teqstSi gamuqebulia. pir-veli nimuSi mocemulia wignSi. danarCen winadadebebze moswavleebi muSaoben wyvi-lebSi:

`menaveebma niCbebi mousves, Tan RmerTs evedrebodnen gadarCenas~.

aqtivoba 7 _ weriTi davaleba _ `swori rCeva~. (gamokrebiTi gadawera).

anbanisSemdgom periodSi mosalodneli Sedegebi:

1. moswavles SeuZlia TxrobiTi xasiaTis ilustrirebuli teqstis (istoriuli ambavi, zRapari, moTxroba, legenda) mosmena da gageba.

2.moswavles SeuZlia gadmosces martivi informacia misTvis nacnob Temebze.3.moswavles SeuZlia aqtiuri leqsikisa da ZiriTadi enobrivi formebis metyvele-

baSi gamoyeneba.4. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi kodis gaSifvra.5. moswavles SeuZlia pragmatuli xasiaTis martivi teqstis wakiTxva da gageba.6. moswavles SeuZlia martivi winadadebebis ageba da dawera nacnob Temebze.

27

II safexuri

II safexuris wigni `qarTuli ena da literatura~ Sedegeba ori nawilisagan: I. `saki Txavi masala~ da II. `qarTuli enis samyaroSi~. vinaidan wigni gaTvlilia 8-dan 12 wlamde moswavleTaTvis, anu norCi mkiTxvelis asaki (da enobrivi kompeten-ciebic) sakmaod diferencirebulia, SesaZleblad CavTvaleT misi orad gayofa a) 8-dan 10 wlamde asakis moswavleTaTvis, b) 10-dan 12-mde asakis moswavleTaTvis.

I. sakiTxavi masala _ sakiTxav teqstebad ZiriTadad warmodgenilia rogorc Tanamedrove qarTveli mwerlebis (nodar dumbaZe, ana kalandaZe, muxran maWavar-iani, revaz inaniSvili, Wabua amirejibi, erlom axvlediani...), ise _ klasikoseb-is (sulxan-saba orbeliani, iakob gogebaSvili, ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli...) Semoqmedebis saukeTeso nimuSebi. vecadeT agreTve kuTvnili adgili dagveTmo zepirsityvierebisTvisac (xalxuri leqsebi, zRaprebi, andazebi, gamocanebi). gar-da qarTuli sityvakazmuli mwerlobis nimuSebisa, warmodgenilia e. w. àRweriTi~ xasiaTis teqstebic, romelTa mizani gaxlavT ara mxolod kiTxvis strategiebis daufleba, aramed martivi saganmanaTleblo informaciis miwodeba Cveni qveynis is-toriis Sesaxeb, rac, Cveni azriT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania am tipis skolebis moswavleTaTvis.

sakiTxavi teqstis win zogjer SegxvdebaT rubrika `kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba~. misi mizania mkiTxvelis provocireba da momzadeba teqstis kiTxvisaTvis. xSir SemTx-vevaSi es aris amave teqstTan ganTavsebul ferad ilustraciebze dakvirveba da aRwera, teqstTan dakavSirebuli andazis mixedviT winaswar zepiri Txzulebis Sedgena, zepiri teqstis ageba teq stSi mocemuli sayrdeni sityvebis gamoyenebiT... TiToeuli teqstis bolos mocemulia `sityvis salaro~, romlis daniSnulebaa sak-iTxav masalaSi mocemuli gaugebari sityvebisa da frazebis gagebaSi daesmaros mkiTxvels. igi aRniSnulia saTanado sim-boloTi.

teqstis kiTxva-damuSavebisaTvis warmodgenilia sxvadasxva tipis kiTxvebi: gagebaze, gaazrebasa da Sefasebaze orientirebuli. gTxovT yuradReba miaqcioT aseve rubrikas: `SearCieT pasuxi da daasabuTeT Tqveni azri~. SegaxsenebT, rom es ar gaxlavT daxuruli tipis testuri davaleba erTaderTi swori pasuxiT. misi mizania, moswavles misces arCevani _ Cven mier SeTavazebuli pasuxebidan aarCios erT-erTi, romelic misTvis misaRebia, oRond ise, rom aucileblad daasabuTos Tavisi azri. am tipis savarjiSos mizania, aswavlos moswavles _ mkiTxvels _ sakuTari azris dasabuTeba, alternatiuli azris mosmena, momzados momavalSi diskusiisaTvis, ganuviTaros fantazia. Tu sax-elmZRvaneloSi mocemuli alternatiuli pasuxebidan moswavles ar akmayofilebs arc erTi, mas SeuZlia sakuTari variantis SemoTavazebac. ar aris aucilebeli teqstis gaazrebisas mzamzareuli receptebis micema.

yoveli teqstis bolos miTiTebulia saweri davaleba, romelic maswavlebels SeuZlia Secvalos Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr.

sakiTxavi masalis I monakveTSi (8-dan 10 wlamde mkiTxvelisaTvis) calkea Ti-Toeul teqstTan warmodgenili rubrika ̀ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba~. am etapze ar migvCnia saWirod ganmartebebisa da wesebis dazepireba, rubrikis mizania daakvir-vos moswavle teqstis gamosaxvelobiT saSualebebze, qarTuli enis ZiriTad grama-

sityvis salaro:

?

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tikul kategoriebze, daauflos igi elementaruli stilistikis, leqsikologiis, punqtuaciis, marTlweris sakiTxebs praqtikulad, terminebis mowodebis gareSe; gamomuSavos lingvisturi alRo, romelic mas momavalSi daexmareba qarTuli enis bunebis Secnobasa da dauflebaSi. enobrivi masalis damuSaveba xdeba sakiTxav te-qstebTan mWidro kavSirSi.

gamocdilma pedagogebma kargad ician, rom kiTxvis Seswavlis sawyis etapze saWiroa sakiTxavi teqstebis xSiri monacvleoba, raTa Tavidan aviciloT e. w. `zepiri kiTxva~ (cnobilia, rom asakis moswavle ufro advilad axerxebs teqstis dazepirebas, vidre mis wakiTxvas), da xeli SevuwyoT kiTxvis teqnikis dauflebas. swored aman ganapiroba II safexuris saxelmZRvaneloSi teqstebis simravle. isini gaTvlilia ara mxolod sagakveTilo, aramed damoukidebeli kiTxvisaTvis. romeli teqsti unda damuSavdes klasSi da romeli mieces Sin damoukidebeli kiTxvisaT-vis, es Tavad maswavleblis gadasawyvetia.

da kidev erTi – arsad ar vuTiTebT TiToeuli teqstisaTvis saWiro saaTebis raodenobas. migvaCnia, rom aq arCevani pedagogs ekuTvnis.

II. `qarTuli enis samyaro~ _ gankuTvnilia 10-dan 12 wlamde moswavleTaTvis. aq vecadeT garkveuli sistemiT dagvelagebina qarTuli enis ZiriTadi sakiTx-ebi fonetikidan, leqsikografia-leqsikologiidan, morfologiidan, sintaqsidan. marTlwerisa da punqtuaciis sakiTxebi mocemulia morfologiasa da sintaqsTan mWidro kavSirSi. misi mizania ara calkeuli gramatikuli da enobrivi definicieb-is dazepireba, aramed miRebuli codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba da marTlwerisa da marTlmetyvelebis Cvevebis daufleba. swored amave mizans emsaxureba rubrikac èrTad avagoT teqsti~.

gTxovT yuradReba miaqcioT im garemoebas, rom am sakiTxebis damuSaveba unda moxdes sakiTxav teqstebTan mWidro kavSirSi, literaturuli da enobrivi masa-lis integraciiT. amave wignSi SevecdebiT, warmovadginoT amgvari integraciis nimuSebi.

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sanimuSo gakveTilebis scenarebi II safexurisaTvis

gakveTilis masala: Tamar mefe (iakob gogebaSvilis mixedviT);zedsarTavi saxeli

miznebi:

_ teqstis kiTxva da analizi_ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba_ Tamar mefis Sesaxeb martivi saganmanaTleblo informaciis miwodeba_ swori kiTxvis Cvevis daufleba_ teqstis dayofa nawilebad da gegmis Sedgena_ logikuri TanmimdevrobiT Txroba_ zedsarTavi saxelis raobis gacnoba_ sinonimebze dakvirveba (terminis gareSe)

aqtivoba 1 _ provocireba:maswavlebeli moswavleebs aavlebs, gaixsenon cnobili qarTveli mefeebi, ajame-

bs da avsebs im informacias, rac maT am sakiTxis Sesaxeb ician. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba maxvildeba Tamar mefeze.

aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva da aanlizi:teqstis kiTxvas iwyebs maswavlebeli da mas moswavleebi agrZeleben. nawil-

nawil kiTxvis procesSi aixsneba gaugebari leqsikuri erTeulebi, risTvisac moswavleebi aqtiurad iyeneben `sityvis salaros~. gamoiyeneba kiTxvis sxvadasxva saxe: individualuri, gamokrebiTi, gagrZelebiT...

maswavlebeli dasvams faqtebze orientirebul kiTxvebs, romelTa pasuxebi moswavleebs SeuZliaT wignSi amoikiTxon:

_ rodis mefobda Tamari?_ visi STamomavali iyo igi?_ mSoblebisagan ra Tvisebebi gamohyva mas?_ ramdeni wlis gamefda igi?_ rogor Sexvda xalxi mis gamefebas?_ rogor aRwers mwerali Tamarisdroindel saqarTvelos?_ ra wvlili Seitana Tamarma saqarTvelos gaZlierebis saqmeSi?_ ris gamo Seiyvara igi qarTvelma xalxma?_ riT gamoxata xalxma Tavisi siyvaruli da pativiscema mis mimarT?..

aqtivoba 3 _ teqstis gaazreba:teqstis gaazrebisaTvis SeiZleba davsvaT kiTxvebi:_ ra andazas iyenebs mwerali am teqstSi? (`deda naxe, mama naxe, Svili ise

gamonaxe’’)._ rogor fiqrobT, ratom iyenebs am andazas aq mwerali? ras usvams igi amiT

xazs? _ Tamaris ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi?

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_ ̀ Tamaris gamefebas xalxi sixaruliT Sexvda~, _ weria teqstSi. rogor fiqrobT, ratom uxaroda xalxs misi gamefeba?

_ ratom fiqrobda gareSe mteri, rom Tamars advilad moereoda?_ ra SeityeT am teqstidan Tamaris Sesaxeb?..aq SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sqema:

ra vicodi Tamaris Sesaxeb ra gavige ris gageba mainteresebs

aqtivoba 4: teqstis dayofa nawilebad da dasaTaureba_ Tu moswavleTa kompeten-cia amis SesaZleblobas mogvcems, am etapze ukve SeiZleba gamoviyenoT Cumi kiTx-vac. moswavleebs evalebaT dayon teqsti calkeul monakveTebad da SeurCion maT saTaurebi. igi daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:

1. vin iyvnen Tamaris mSoblebi2. rogor daawynara Tamarma Sinauri mtrebi3. rogor gaimarjva Tamarma gareSe mterze4. rogor zrunavda Tamari qristianobis gaZlierebisaTvis5. rogor gaZlierda saqarTvelo Tamaris mefobisas...

aqtivoba 5 _ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema:moswavleebi jer nawil-nawil saubroben gegmis TiToeuli nawilis Sesaxeb,

Semdeg ki gabmuli TxrobiT gadmoscemen mTliani teqstis Sinaarss. Txrobisas yuradReba eqceva logikuri Tanmimdevrobas, avtoriseuli leqsikis gamoyenebas., frazisa da winadadebis sworad agebas, sityvebis marTlwarmoTqmas.

aqtivoba 6. enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:moswavleebs vakvirvebT saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul winadadebaze: `Tamari iyo

brZeni, Zlieri, samarTliani mefe~. _ romelia am winadadebaSi arsebiTi saxelebi? ra kiTxva daesmiT maT?_ daakvirdiT, xazgasmuli sityvebi (brZeni, Zlieri, samarTliani) romel arse-

biT sa xels daerTvian? ras aRniSnaven isini? ra kiTxva daesmiT?eZleva daskvna: sityva, romelic daerTvis arsebiT saxels, aRniSnavs, rogori

aris es arsebiTi saxeli da upasuxebs kiTxvaze rogori? zedsarTavi saxelia._ moZebneT teqstSi sxva zedsarTavi saxelebic.sruldeba saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli davaleba: zedsarTavi saxelebisaTvis

SearCieT SinaarsiT msgavsi sityvebi (pasuxebi: saTno _ keTili, Rirseuli _ pativs-acemi, sastiki _ daundobeli, saxelganTqmuli – cnobili, uricxvi _ uamravi, Tav-ganwiruli _ Tavdadebuli).

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aqtivoba 7. wera _ Seswavlili moTxrobis mixedviT moswavleebma unda daweron àjanyebulebis daSoSmineba~.

Sedegebis kodi:

1. moswavles SeuZlia literaturuli teqstebis mosmena, gageba da maTi Sinaarsis gadmocema.

2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli teqstebis wakiTxva da adek-vaturad gageba-gaanalizeba.

3. moswavles SeuZlia mcire zomis teqstis damoukideblad Seqmna da azris gasage-bad Camoyalibeba.

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gakveTilis masala:iakob gogebaSvili _ `Tavdadebuli mRvdeli Tevdore~,

miznebi:

_ aRweriTi teqstis kiTxva da analizi_ kiTxvisa da weris martivi strategiebis daufleba_ gabmuli metyvelebis unar-CvevaTa formireba_ martivi sainformacio teqstis ageba_ dialogi istoriul gmirTan_ sakuTari azris Camoyalibeba da dasabuTeba, kritikuli azrovnebis formireba_ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba

aqtivoba 1 _ kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ provocireba:

maswavlebeli klass avalebs gaixsnenon, ra smeniaT qveynisaTvis Tavdadebuli gmirebis Sesaxeb. aqve maswavlebeli klass mokled esaubreba Tevdore mRvdlis Sesaxeb, moswavleTa dainteresebis mizniT SeiZleba xmamaRla waikiTxos is nawyve-ti teqstidan, romelsac ufro damaintrigeblad miiCnevs.

damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis:luarsab II (1592-1622) _ qarTlis mefe 1606-1615 wlebSi, 14 wlisa mefed daamt-

kica TbilisSi myofma Sah-abas I-ma uecrad gardacvlili giorgi X-is nacvlad. mas iran-osmaleTis omSi osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZola evaleboda. Tavi gamoiCina ta-Siskaris brZolaSi (1609). 1611 wels colad SeirTo giorgi saakaZis da, romelsac TavadTa moTxovniT maleve gaeyara. amas mohyva SeTqmuleba saakaZis winaaRmdeg. luarsab II-s coli aRar SeurTavs, Tumca qarTlis samefo taxts pirdapiri mem-kvidre aRar hyavda. 1612 wels misi da xoreSani colad SeirTo kaxeTis mefem Teimuraz I-ma. amiT qarTlsa da kaxeTs Soris Seikra kavSiri, romlis mizanic iyo iranis mosalodneli agresiisagan gaTavisufleba. 1614 wels igi imereTSi gadavida da sxva qarTvel mefeebTan erTad osmaleTs sTxova daxmareba iranis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. 1614 wels Tavisi fexiT eaxla Sah-abas I-s, raTa qarTli misi Tavdasx-misagan exsna. Sahma igi iranSi waiyvana da gamahmadianeba mosTxova, razedac man sastiki uari ganacxada. amis gamo is cixeSi gamoamwyvdies, sadac sabliT moaSTves. qarTulma eklesiam wmindanad Seracxa.

giorgi saakaZe (1570-1629) _ didi mouravi, saqarTvelos gaerTianebisaTvis me-brZoli. misi winaprebi samefo aznaurebi iyvnen. im droisaTvis Sesaferi ganaTle-ba miiRo, gamoirCeoda samxedro saqmis didi codniT, iyo simon I-isa da giorgi X-is TanamebrZoli osmalTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. mis saxelmwifoebriv niWs gansa-kuTrebiT didi asparezi mieca luarsab II-is mefobisas. 1608 wlidan iyo Tbilisis, cxinvalisa da dvaleTis mouravi. mis mTavar mizans Seadgenda Sinafeodaluri brZolebis alagmva da mefis centraluri xelisuflebis gaZliereba, rac man erT-gvarad SeZlo kidec. amanac ganapiroba qarTlis gamarjveba taSiskaris brZolaSi. upirispir deboda TavadTa mravalricxovan jgufs. misma mowinaaRmdegeebma moax-erxes mefis mimxroba. Tavs man sparseTSi gaqceviT uSvela (1612). 1619 wels Sah-

33

abasma igi daniSna qarTlis xanis simon II-is veqilad (rwmunebulad). saqarTveloSi CamosvlisTanave igi Seudga iranis winaaRmdeg ajanyebisaTvis mzadebas. am mizniT igi Seurigda Tavis yofil mtrebs, daumoyvrda osmalTa didmo xeles, samcxis aTa-bagTa Camomavals farad-faSas. Sah-abasma 1625 wlis Semodgomaze didi armia gamog-zavna saqarTveloSi yorCixa-xanis sardlobiT. misi mizani iyo kaxelebis mTliani gaJleta da qarTlelTa iranSi gadasaxleba. ajanyebulebma saakaZis meTauro-biT TiTqmis mTlianad gawyvites mtris mTavari Zalebi sof. martyofTan, xolo qarTl-kaxeTis taxtis mefed moiwvies Teimuraz I. amas male saakaZisa da mefe Teimuraz I-is dapirispireba mohyva, rac bazaleTis brZoliT (1626) damTavrda. Teimurazis damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi saakaZes ganzraxuli hqonda imereTis mefis memkvidris _ aleqsandres _ gamefeba, rasac mohyveboda sami samefos _ imereTis, qarTlisa da kaxeTis _ gaerTianeba. am brZolaSi saakaZe damarcxda da iZulebuli iyo kvlav gadaxvewiliyo, amjerad osmaleTSi. misi mizani iyo osmalTa daxmarebiT sparselTa damarcxeba. magram ver miiRo misgan saTanado daxmareba da kvlav saqa-rTveloSi apirebda dabrunebas. didi veziris xosrov faSas brZanebiT igi da misi Ze avTandili 40 mxlebelTan erTad Seipyres da sikvdiliT dasajes.

aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva da analizi:teqsts moswavleebi kiTxuloben nawil-nawil, gzadagza xsnian ucnob sityvebsa

da gamoTqmebs, garda `sityvaTa salaroSi~ axsnili sityvebisa, moswavleTaTvis SeiZleba gaugebari aRmoCndes Semdegi leqsikuri erTeulebi:

sparseTi – dRevandeli iraniosmaleTi _ dRevandeli TurqeTiTaTrebi _ saerTo saxelia muslimani Tavdamsxmelebisa, amjerad `TaTrebSi~ i.

gogebaSvili osmalebs (Turqebs) gulisxmobsgarduvali _ ueWveli, aucilebelijojoxeTis cecxlSi _ aq: did gansacdelSi, did gasaWirSisixaruli SeudgaT _ Zalian gauxardaTTadarigs Seudga _ mzadebas Seudga

teqstis analizisaTvis daismis faqtebze orientirebuli kiTxvebi:_ romel saukuneSi moxda teqstSi aRwerili ambavi?_ saqarTvelos romeli kuTxea masSi aRwerili? ra miniSnebebia amaze teqs tSi?

(geografiuli saxelebi _ manglisi, TrialeTi, cxireTi, kvelTa)._ ratom ar elodnen qarTvelebi mtris gamoCenas?_ ra iyo mtris mizani?_ rogori iyo cxireTisaken mimavali gza?_ sad Seipyres Tevdore?_ ra arCevanis winaSe dadga igi?_ rogor iZia motyuebulma mterma Tevdoreze Suri?_ ra Sedegi gamoiRo Tevdores Tavdadebam?_ ra minaweri aqvs teqsts boloSi? ris Sesaxeb saubrobs aq mwerali? ratom

aRar miiCnevs mwerali Turqebsa da sparselebs mtrebad? romel mtrebze saub robs igi? ras gvirCevs?..

am kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemisas aqtiurad gamoiyeneba saxelmZRvanelo.

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aqtivoba 3 _ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema: moswavleebi erTxel kidev kiTxuloben teqsts, amjerad Cumad, yofen mas

nawilebad da adgenen gegmas, romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:a) saqarTvelo 1609 wlis zafxulSib) mtris moulodneli Tavdasxmag) mtris ganzraxva/survili/Canafiqrid) cxireTis gzae) Tevdore mRvdlis Sepyrobav) Tevdore mRvdlis arCevaniz) motyuebuli mteriT) mtris SurisZiebai) Tevdores Tavganwirvis nayofi

winaswar Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss jer nawil-nawil, Semdeg _ mTlianad. Txrobisas yuradReba maxvildeba ambis logikuri Tan-mimdevrobiT gadmocemaze, mwerlis leqsikaze, romelic zog SemTxvevaSi maswavle-blisgan koreqtirebas moiTxovs.

aqtivoba 4 _ teqstis gaazreba da Sefaseba:_ Tevdore mRvdlis ra Tvisebebi Cans am teqstSi?_ ra iyo am brZolaSi qarTvelTa gamarjvebis mizezi? (Tevdores Tavdadeba,

giorgi saakaZis winamZRoloba, qarTvelTa Tavganwirva, maTi organizebuloba...)._ qarTvelTa ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi? (mtris siZulvili, brZolisaTvis mza-

dyofna, samSoblos siyvaruli, vaJkacoba...)._ Tqveni azriT, ratom gaukeTa mweralma minaweri am moTxrobas? eTanxmebiT

mwerlis rCevas? ratom?

aqtivoba 6 _ wera: teqstis mixedviT dawereT `Tevdore mRvdlis arCevani~

Sedegebis kodi:

1. moswavles aqvs informaciis miRebisa da gadacemis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebi.2. moswavles SeuZlia literaturuli teqstebis mosmena, gageba da maTi Sinaarsis

gadmocema: saTauris mixedviT gamoTqvams varauds teqstis SesaZlo Sinaarsis Sesax-eb; asaxelebs mosmenil teqstSi asaxul faqtebs, personaJebs; aRwers da axasiaTebs sagnebsa da personaJebs TvalsaCino niSnebis mixedviT; hyveba mosmenili teqstis Si-naarss; martivi gegmis mixedviT hyveba wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarss;

3. moswavles SeuZlia misTvis saintereso Tematikis Semcveli sxvadasxva saxis ar-amxatvruli teqstebis (saymawvilo Jurnalebis, dargobriv-SemecnebiTi statiebis, sxvadasxva Sinaarsis cnobarebis, interviuebisa da sxv.) wakiTxva da gaazreba: akavS-irebs erTmaneTTan faqtebs, movlenebs, moqmedebebs da gamoaqvs saTanado daskvnebi; gansazRvravs teqstis erT monakveTSi an mis sxvadasxva nawilSi asaxul movlenebs, faqtebs Soris arsebul logikur kavSirebs;

4. moswavle amokrebs teqstidan azrobrivi TvalsazrisiT misTvis mniSvnelovan da saintereso adgilebs; gamoTqvams sakuTar mosazrebebs literaturuli teqstis siuJetSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb;

5. Tanamimdevrulad gadmoscems Sinaarss werilobiT;6. SeuZlia ZiriTadi gramatikuli elementebis marTebulad gamoyeneba teqstis

Seqmnisas.

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gakveTilis masala:ana kalandaZe _ `Sen ise Rrma xar~; enobrivi masala _ zedsarTav saxelze

dakvirveba, riTma

miznebi_ poeturi teqstis aRqma_ mxatvrul kiTxvaSi varjiSi_ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba_ mxatvrul saxeebze dakvirveba_ orTografiuli da orToepiuli Cvevebis formireba_ sityvis semantikaze dakvirveba, sityvaTa warmoqmna (terminis gareSe)

teqstze muSaoba

aqtivoba 1 _ kiTxvisTvis mzadeba:maswavlebeli klass aZlevs davalebas _ gaixsenon saqarTvelos istoriuli Ze-

glebi, isaubron maT Sesaxeb; moswavleebi saubroben, ra waukiTxavT kulturuli Zeglebis irgvliv, maT Sesaxeb cnobili mwerlebisa da poetebis nawarmoebebs Tu gaixseneben...

aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva da analizi:maswavlebeli klass gamometyvelebiT ukiTxavs ana kalandaZis leqss `Sen ise

Rrma xar...~, akiTxebs 1-2 moswavles, Semdeg avalebs waikiTxon leqsi Cumad, mo-Zebnon da axsnan gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, gamoiyenon am mizniT `sityvis salaro~; moiniSnon is ucnobi sityvebic, romlebic wignSi ar aris axsnili:

osmalo _ (Zv.) igivea, rac Turqi...monRoli _ (ist.) monRolebi _ saxelwodeba sxvadasxva tomisa, romlebmac XIII

saukuneSi Seqmnes samxedro-feodaluri saxelmwifo, monRoli _ am eTnosis warmo-madgeneli.

sparsi _ iranelis Zveli saxelwodeba. irani _ qveyana aRmosavleTSi.oSki _ X s-is 50-60-iani wlebis qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis umniSvnelova ne -si

Zegli, samonastro centri istoriul taoSi (axla TurqeTis farglebSia).zarzma _ qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis Zegli sofel zarzmaSi, adigenis raionSi.

Tavdapirvelad dauarsebia (VIII-IX ss.) serapion zarzmels adgilobrivi mTavris giorgi CorCanelis daxmarebiT. zarzmis axlandeli taZari da samreklo agebulia XIV s-is pirvel wlebSi _ samcxis mTavris beqa mandaturTuxucesis dros.

tao _ mxare istoriul samxr.-das. saqarTveloSi, mdinare Woroxis Sua dinebis auzSi (axlandeli TurqeTis teritoria). urartul warwerebSi `diaoxis~ saxeli-Taa cnobili.

faqizi _ Zalian sufTa, wminda, spetaki, umwikvlodideba _ saxeli, pativi, Rirseba

informacia maswavleblisaTvis:ana kalandaZe 1924 w. daibada Coxatauris raionis sof. xidisTavSi, qarTveli

poeti, man 1946 w. daamTavra Tsu-s filologiis fakulteti. amave wels gamoaqvey-

36

na pirveli leqsebi. pirveli krebuli `leqsebi~ 1953 wels gamosca. misma poeziam imTaviTve miipyro yuradReba leqsis sina tifiTa da poeturi azrovnebis maRali kulturiT. man qarTul poeziaSi xangrZlivi intervalis Semdeg kvlav gamoxata sulieri sinaze da sifaqize. misi Semoqmedebis yvela Tema Tu motivi lirikuli TviTgamoxatviT cxaddeba da uaRresi intimurobis elfers iZens. ase aJRerda mis leqsebSi samamulo omis Semdeg mSvidobiani cxovrebis dasawyisis Temac (`karSi gamo, Wia-Wia maria~, 1946); aseTia bunebis grZnobac (`TuTa~, 1945; `JuJuna wvima movida~, 1946; `beTaniis gzaze~, 1954). istoria kalandaZis leqsSi arasodes ar gvevlineba gayinuli saxiT da Tanadroulobac poetis warmodgenaSi xSirad iwvevs gardasul droTa cxovel mogonebas (`Sen ise Rrma xar, qarTulo cao~, ̀ aseTi dari Tu iyo maSin~; `Rrublebi~). ana kalandaZis patriotizmi gamoxatavs eris arse-biT TvisebaTa _ sikeTis, qeduxrelobis, sidiadis, Sewyalebis _ organul gancdas (`saqarTveloo lamazo~, `mravalJamier~, `fexi damadgiT~). misi leqsis sazogadoe-brivi JReradoba efuZneba Tanamedrove adamianis zneobrivi siwmindisa da amaR-lebis amocanas.

ana kalandaZis poeturi stili sisadaviTa da harmoniuli formiT gamoirCeva. sinamdvile mis lirikaSi mxolod ganwmendili, gafaqizebuli saxiT warmoCndeba. maRali paTetikisa da wrfeli guliTadobis Sezaveba zomieri arqaizaciisa da sasaubro intonaciebis SerwymiT aris miRweuli.

a. kalandaZis poeturi krebulebi gamoica gasuli saukunis 50-60-70-ian wlebSi, misi leqsebi Targmnilia rusul, inglisur, frangul, germanul, polonur, rumi-nul, Turqul, arabul da sxva enebze.

ana kalandaZe gardaicvala 2008 wels.(CxeiZe n. literaturuli werilebi, Tb., 1969; Cxenkeli T., poezia _ sibrZnis

dargi, Tb., 1978; WilaZe T. werilebi, Tb., 1978 w.).

aqtivoba 3 _ gaazreba:1) gairkveva vin aris leqsis avtori (a. kalandaZe), romeli xuroTmoZRvruli

Zeglebi (taZrebi, eklesiebi) aris dasaxelebuli leqsSi (oSki, zarzma), saqarT-velos istoriuli mtrebidan romlebia naxsenebi aq (sparsi, osmalo, monRoli).

2) gaanalizdeba, ras uZRvnis poeti am leqss (poeti am leqss uZRvnis mSobli-uri qveynis zecas).

_ romeli sityvebi meordeba leqsSi? (`Sen ise Rrma xar...~ da `qarTulo cao!~). (xerxi gameorebaa, romelsac poeti mimarTavs, cnobili stilisturi xerxia lit-eraturaSi).

informacia maswavleblisaTvis:gameoreba _ gamosaxvis stilistikuri xerxi; mxatvrul metyvelebaSi gamoyene-

bulia azris xazgasmisa da emociis gamaZlierebel saSualebad. gulisxmobs ro-gorc sityvebis, fraze bis, winadadebebis, ise _ bgerebis, riTmis metrisa da rit-mis gameorebasac. enobrivi gameorebis (bgeriTi gameorebis) saxeebia: aliteracia, asonansi, riTma.

_ poetis azriT, ratom ver naxulobs qarTuli cis qveS samkvidros mteri? (qa-rTvelebi ver eguebian mtris batonobas).

_ romeli istoriuli Zeglebia naxsenebi leqsSi? (leqsSi naxsenebia oSki da zarzma). ratom axsenebs maT poeti? (zemoT dasaxelebuli istoriuli Zeglebi:

37

oSki da zarzma utyuari dasturia Zveli saqarTvelos materialuri da sulieri Zlierebisa, maTi xsenebiT poeti logikur xazs abams manamde naTqvam frazasTan: `samkvidro Sens qveS... veravin naxa~, ver moikida fexi mterma, radgan oSkisa da zarzmis Semqmnel ers ver moeria verc urjulo osmali, verc sparsi da verc mon-Roli).

_ ra ganwyoba dageuflaT? (amis Taobaze moswavleebs, bunebrivia, sruliad sxvadasxva Sexeduleba eqnebaT. dae, imsjelon!).

_ ratom aris tao `beberi~? (radgan mas Zalian didi xnis istoria aqvs).

aqtivoba 4 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:_ romel zedsarTav saxelebs iyenebs poeti qarTuli cis daxasiaTebis Tvis?

(`Rrma~)._ `bebero tao~, _ weria leqsSi. usulo sagnis Tvisebis aRsaniSnavad SeiZleba

Tu ara am zedsarTavi saxelis gamoyeneba? (SeiZleba, rodesac avtori mas iyenebs, rogorc mxatvrul xerxs).

informacia maswavleblisaTvis:gapirovneba _ personifikacia, tropis saxe. mxatvruli gamosaxvis xerxi, rom-

lisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia sagnebisa da movlenebisadmi adamianuri Tvisebebis miwera, usulo da sulieri sagnebis gaadamianeba. usulo sagani gapirovnebaSi war-modgenilia, rogorc adamiani, romelic grZnobs, msjelobs, moqmedebs. gansxvavde-ba metaforisagan imiT, rom metaforaSi yvela Tvisebis gadatana SeiZleba erTi sagnidan meoreze, gapirovnebaSi ki gadatanilia mxolod adamianuri Tvisebebi (a. Wilaia, r. Wilaia, literaturaTmcodneobis cnebebi).

_ sad aris am leqsSi mimarTva? (`qarTulo cao~); ra sasveni niSnebiT gamoiyofa igi? (mimarTva orive mxridan mZimiT gamoiyofa).

aqtivoba 5 _ riTmaze dakvirveba:maswavlebeli daakvirvebs moswavleebs leqsis or segmentze:sparsma _ zarzmacao _ taosvams kiTxvas: _ rogor fiqrobT, riT hgavs es sityvebi erTmaneTs? (savaraudo

pasuxi: es sityvebi erTmaneTs hgavs daboloebebiT); leqsSi sxvaganac xom ar moZe-bnidiT aseT sityvebs? (Rrma xar _ naxa); ras aniWebs amiT leqss poeti? (amiT leqss poeti aniSnebs musikalurobas, keTilxmovanebas, silamazes).

informacia maswavleblisaTvis:riTma _ (berZn. ritmos _ taqti, zoma) erTi da imave an msgavsi bgerebis kanon-

zomieri gameoreba, bgeraTa Sewyoba-SeTanxmeba taepebSi ukanaskneli maxviliani marcvlidan moyolebuli. zogjer bgerebis aseTi Sewyoba-SeTanxmeba taepebs Sig-niTaa (Siga riTma).

riTmaSi SeiZleba meordebodes calkeuli bgerebi, sityvebi an sityvaTa jgufe-bi, iSvia Tad _ taepebi. leqsikuri TvalsazrisiT riTma sainteresoa imiT, rom igi bgeriTi gameorebiT gamoyofs sityvas da amiT xazs usvams mis mniSvnelobas. riT-mis intonaciuri funqcia xels uwyobs logikur maxvils, ris Sedegadac gasariTmi

38

sityva gamoiyofa metyvelebis nakadSi da iqcevs yurad Rebas. riTma poetur me-tyvelebaSi qmnis ritmulobas, keTilxmovanebas, musikalobas saerTod.

(a. Wilaia, r. Wilaia, literaturaTmcodneobis cnebebi)

aqtivoba 6 _ saSinao davaleba:leqsi zepirad, moiZion internetiT informacia leqsSi dasaxelebuli kul-

turuli Zeglebis Sesaxeb.

Sedegebis kodi:

1. moswavles SeuZlia literaturuli teqstebis mosmena, gageba;2. moswavles SeuZlia ZiriTadi enobriv-gramatikuli saSualebebis saTanadod

gamoyeneba;3. moswavles SeuZlia mxatvruli teqstis (leqsi) wakiTxva da adekvaturad gage-

ba_ gaanalizeba;4. moswavles aqvs kiTxvis procesiT gamowveuli ganwyobilebisa da STabeWdilebis

gadmocemis unari.

39

gakveTilis masala:ilia WavaWavaZe _ `nikoloz gostaSabiSvili~

miznebi:

_ teqstis kiTxva da analizi_ kiTxvisa da weris strategiebis daufleba_ paralelebis gavleba Seswavlil (wakiTxul) literaturul nawarmoebebTan_ wakiTxulis Sefaseba da sakuTari azris dasabuTeba_ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba_ gabmuli metyvelebis ganviTareba_ nawarmoebis Temisa da dedaazris garkveva_ literaturuli personaJebis martivad daxasiaTeba_ ricxviT saxelze dakvirveba da marTlweris saTanado Cvevebis daufleba

aqtivoba 1 _kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba-provocireba:maswavlebeli klass axsenebs ilias cnobil frazas:

`patiosan mterTa Sorismociquli namusia~.

klass yofs jgufebad da avalebs gaiazron, rogor esmiT fraza `namusiani mteri~. mosafiqreblad eZlevaT ramdenime wuTi. TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens sakuTar variants, romelic Sefasdeba da gaanalizdeba klasSi.

damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis:giorgi XI _ qarTlis mefe 1676-1988, 1703-1709 wlebSi; vaxtang V-is Ze; misi mefo-

bis xana xasiaTdeboda iranTan urTierTobis gamwvavebiT; cdilobda mefis xelisu-flebis ganmtkicebasa da iranis batonobis alagmvas qarTlSi; daxmarebis misaRebad diplomatiuri molaparakeba gamarTa osmaleTTan. 1688 w. ajanyda iranelebis wi-naaRmdeg. Aajanyeba damarcxebiT dasrulda, radganac ver miiRo Sepirebuli dax-mareba iranisagan, amave dros, uRalates adgilobrivma feodalebma. iranis Sahma mefobidan gadaayena da mis nacvlad gaamefa erekle I (1688 w.). giorgi XI-m imer-eTs Seafara Tavi da iqidan ibrZoda taxtis dasabruneblad. 1696 wels gaemgza-vra iranSi da dasTanxmda Sahis winadadebas _ iranTan erTad mieRo monawileoba avRanelTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. Sahma igi kvlav daamtkica qarTlis taxtze (1703 w.) da daavala avRanelTa damorCileba. giorgi X-m iranis Sahis winaaRmdeg ajanye-buli avRanelebi daamarcxa, magram avRanelebma igi RalatiT mokles 1709 w. (qse, t. III, gv. 161).

yizilbaSebi (Turq.) _ `wiTelTavianebi~; maTi wiTeli Tavsaburavi Sedgeboda 12 nakecisagan, rac simbolurad 12 Siit imams niSnavda. qarTul istoriul wyaroebSi `yizilbaSebi~ erqvaT iranel mebrZolebs, romlebic am wiTel Tavsaburavs atareb-denen (q s e, t. X, gv. 642).

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aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva da analizi:teqsts kiTxuloben nawil-nawil, calkeuli, azrobrivad dasrulebuli mona-

kveTebis saxiT. SeiZleba gamoviyenoT ̀ pauzebiT kiTxvac~ da TiToeuli mona kveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg klass mivceT SesaZlebloba, gamoTqvas varaudi movlenaTa Sem-dgomi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. gzadagza aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqme-bic. garda `sityvaTa salaroSi~ axsnili leqsikuri erTeulebisa, mos wavleTaTvis SeiZleba gaugebari aRmoCndes:

sardali – mxedarTmTavaridaiZaxes jarianoba – Sekribes jarigamarTuli jari – kargad gawvrTnili da aRWurvili jarijiriTi _ Weneba (cxenisa)mosxepili – moxdenili, tanwvrilikamara Sekra _ maRla axta da Sors daeSva, freniT naxevarwre gaakeTamklavi erCis _ Zala mosdevs...

am dros gairkveva isic, Tu romeli formebia dRevandeli saliteraturo qar-TulisaTvis miuRebeli da ra aris maTi Tanamedrove Sesatyvisi (daiZaxes jariano-ba – jari Sekribes; Tavisad daiWiros _ daisakuTros, daipyros; minam _ manam; Seu-bRerta _ Sebertya, SeajanjRara...). yuradReba gamaxvildeba teqstSi gamoyenebul idiomatur gamoTqmebzec:

sircxvili gvaWamos _ Segvarcxvinosqalis leCaqi dagvxuros _ Segvarcxvinos (ityvian mxolod mamakacze)

daismis faqtobriv masalaze orientirebuli kiTxvebi, romelTa pasuxebi mo-swavleebma wignSi unda moZebnon:

_ saqarTvelos cxovrebis ra periodia aRwerili teqstSi? vin iyo am dros qa-rTlis mefe? iranis yaeni?

_ ra mizniT gamoagzavna iranis Sahma Tavisi jari?_ moZebneT teqstSi is adgili, sadac aRwerilia: a) yizilbaSi meomris siTamame;

b) qarTvel meomarTa wuxili amis gamo; g) mterTan SebrZoleba; d) qarTvel meo-marTa imedi; e) nikolozis uaris mizezi; v) nikolozisa da mtris meomris orTabr-Zola...

amis Semdeg moswavleebi teqsts kiTxuloben Cumad, CainiSnaven im kiTxvebs, romlebic teqstis kiTxvisas gauCndaT.

aqtivoba 3 _ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema: koleqtiurad, mTeli klasis mier, Sedgeba gegma, romelic daaxloebiT aseT

saxes miiRebs:a) sparselebis Tavdasxmab) axalgazrda yizilbaSis siTamameg) qarTvelebis wuxilid) mSvelelis Zebnae) nikolozis uaris mizeziv) qarTvelebis Txovnaz) axalgazrda mterTan SebrZolebaT) raindebi...

41

moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss jer nawil-nawil, Semdeg ki _ mTli-anad gabmuli TxrobiT. Txrobisas yuradReba maxvildeba ambis logikuri Tan-mimdevrobiT gadmocemaze, Tanamedrove saliteraturo formebis gamoye nebaze, III pirSi Txrobaze, sxvaTa sityvis nawilakebis marTebulad gamoyenebaze...

aqtivoba 4 _ teqstis gaazreba da Sefaseba:_ Tqveni azriT, ratom iqceva mtris mebrZoli ase Tamamad? misi ra Tvisebebi

Cans teqstSi?_ ras wuxan qarTveli meomrebi? ras miiCneven isini `sircxvilis Wmevad~ da

`qalis leCaqis~ daxurvad? ra swyinT maT yvelaze metad? maTi ra Tvisebebi Cans am nawarmoebSi?

_ ratom Tqva nikoloz gostaSabiSvilma mtris axalgazrda jariskacTan Sebr-Zolebaze uari? ra iyo amis mizezi?

_ nikoloz gostaSabiSvilis ra Tviseba Cans misi sityvebidan: `me Sen Tavs ar mogWri, Seni Tavi Seni vaJkacobisaTvis mipatiebia...~? ra CaTvala man mtris vaJ-kacobad?

_ ratom moiqca nikoloz gostaSabiSvili ase? ra iyo amis mizezi? (a) mtris si-braluli, b) damarcxebuli mtris pativiscema, g) yizilbaSebis SiSi _ xazi gausviT TqvenTvis misaReb pasuxs da daasabuTeT).

_ mtris mebrZolis ra Tviseba Cans misi sityvebidan: `mec Tu sicocxles viCuqebdi, marto SenisTana vaJkacisagan~?

_ ra sityvebiT axasiaTebs nikolozi sakuTar Tavs? (daberebuli da daCaCanake-buli). misi ra Tviseba Cans aqedan? (Tavmdabloba). ra sityvebiT axasiaTebs igi mtris jariskacs? ras adarebs mas? (axlad ulvaSaSlili vaJkaci lomsa hgavs). Tu Cans am sityvebSi misi damokidebuleba mtris jarikacisadmi? (Cans mis mimarT pa-tiviscema da Zalebis realurad Sefasebis unari).

_ Tu Cans teqstSi avtoris damokidebuleba gmirebisadmi? (avtoris damoki-debuleba teqstSi ar Cans, igi mxolod mTxrobelis rolSi gvevlineba).

_ misaRebia TqvenTvis nikoloz gostaSabiSvilis saqcieli? mtris jariskacis saqcieli? (diax, ara, _ daasabuTeT Tqveni azri, sruldeba wyvilebSi).

_ SeiZleba Tu ara vuwodoT maT `namusiani mtrebi~? daasabuTeT._ romeli Seswavlili (wakiTxuli) nawarmoebi gagaxsendaT am leqsis kiTxvisas?

ra aqvT maT saerTo?_ ra aris mTavari am teqstSi? (a) rainduli damokidebuleba mtrebs Soris, b)

qarTvelebis brZola mtris winaaRmdeg, g) giorgi XI-is droindeli saqarTvelos aRwera – swori pasuxia a).

aqtivoba 5 _ teqstis ageba – literaturul personaJTa martivad daxasiaTeba:dafaze daixazeba `gonebrivi ieriSis ruka~, romelic TandaTanobiT Seivseba

moswavleTa aqtiuri monawileobiT:

42

mtrisjariskaci

kargimeomari

axalgazrda

fizikuradZlieri

Tavdajerebuli raindulisulis

nikolozgostaSabiSvili

xandazmuli saxelovani

raindulisulis

SesaniSnavimeomari

gakeTdeba venis diagramac, romelic aseve daexmareba. moswavleebs perso naJTa xasiaTTa Soris msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis dadgenaSi:

mtrisjariskaci

axalgazrda........

xnieri........

raindulisulis

nikolozgostaSabiSvili

Semdeg moswavleebi werilobiT axasiaTeben personaJebs).

aqtivoba 6 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:frazeologiuri muSaoba: romeli frazebiT gamoxatavs mwerali udides sircx-

vils? (`qalis leCaqi dagvxuros~, `sircxvili gvaWamos~). aqve maswavlebeli klass acnobs sinonimuri mniSvnelobis sxva frazeologizmebsac: `Tavi moeWra~, `sircxvi-lis oflSi gaiwura~, `qudi ar hxurebia~. SeiZleba am frazeologizmebis gamoyene-bac winadadebebSi.

aqtivoba 7 _ mokled daaxasiaTeT nikoloz gostaSabiSvili.

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Sedegebis kodi:

1. moswavles aqvs informaciis miRebisa da gadacemis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebi.2. moswavles SeuZlia literaturuli teqstebis mosmena, gageba da maTi Sinaar-

sis gadmocema: asaxelebs mosmenil teqstSi asaxul faqtebs, personaJebs; aRwers da axasiaTebs sagnebsa da personaJebs TvalsaCino niSnebis mixedviT; hyveba mosmenili teqstis Sinaarss; martivi gegmis mixedviT hyveba wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarss;

3. moswavles SeuZlia misTvis saintereso Tematikis Semcveli sxvadasxva saxis aramxatvruli teqstebis wakiTxva da gaazreba: akavSirebs erTmaneTTan faqtebs, mov-lenebs, moqmedebebs da gamoaqvs saTanado daskvnebi; gansazRvravs teqstis erT mo-nakveTSi an mis sxvadasxva nawilSi asaxul movlenebs, faqtebs Soris arsebul logi-kur kavSirebs;

4. moswavle amokrebs teqstidan azrobrivi TvalsazrisiT misTvis mniSvnelovan da saintereso adgilebs; gamoTqvams sakuTar mosazrebebs literaturuli teqstis siuJetSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb;

5. moswavles SeuZlia mcire zomis teqstis damoukideblad Seqmna da azris gasage-bad Camoyalibeba.

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gakveTilis masala:galaktion tabiZe _ `himni qarTul anbans~;

informacia qarTuli anbanis Sesaxeb

miznebi

_ poeturi teqstis aRqma_ moswavleebSi faseulobiTi Rirebulebebis Camoyalibeba_ gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis Cvevis daufleba_ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba_ qarTuli anbanis Sesaxeb mokle saganmanaTleblo informaciis miwodeba_ codnis Sejameba _ ra vicodi qarTuli anabanis Sesaxeb, ra gavige, ris gageba

mainteresebs_ mokle aRweriTi teqstis Seqmna mocemul Temaze (qarTuli anbani).

teqstze muSaoba

aqtivoba 1 _ kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba:moswavleebs eZlevaT davaleba _ gaixsenon, ra ician qarTuli anbanis Sesaxeb da

isaubron am sakiTxis irgvliv (SeniSvna _ SeiZleba moswavleebs winaswar davavaloT moemzadon am sakiTxze msjelobisaTvis: gaixsenon is, rac ukve ician, moiZion sa-Tanado informacia, am mizniT gamoiyenon interneti, biblioTeka, hkiTxon amis Sesaxeb ufrosebs...). codnis prezentacia da Sefaseba xdeba klasSi. მaswavlebeli awvdis saWiro damatebiT informaciasac. SeiZleba Sedges `gonebrivi ieriSis~ ru-kac, romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:

qarTulianbani

Zalian Zveliagansxvavdeba yvela sxva CvenTvis

cnobili anbanisagan

aris 33 asoqarTuli anbanis saxelmZRvaneloa

`dedaena~

damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: enaSi asoebi dalagebulia garkveu-li TanmimdevrobiT, romelic tradiciulad aris damkvidrebuli. garkveuli Tan-mimdevrobiT dalagebul yvela asos anbani hqvia.

Tanamedrove qarTulSi 33 bgeraa, yovel bgeras Tavisi pirobiTi niSani _ aso _ aqvs. es asoebi sakmaod srulyofilad asaxavs Tanamedrove qarTuli enis bgeriT Sedgenilobas.

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qarTuli anbanis Taviseburebani:a) zogierT enaSi erT asos xSirad ramdenime mniSvneloba aqvs (Sdr: rusuli,

inglisuri...), qarTulSi ki yvela asos Cveulebriv erTi bgeriTi mniSvneloba aqvs;b) zogierT enaSi erTi da igive bgera SeiZleba gadmoices sxvadasxva aso Ti

(Sdr: rusuli, inglisuri...), qarTulSi ki TiTo bgera TiTo asos gamoxatavs;g)zogierT enaSi (mag., rusulSi) sametyvelo bgeris gamomxatveli niSnebis

(asoebis) garda, gvaqvs sxva daniSnulebis niSnebic (ы da ь), pirveli gamyofi niSa-nia, meore win mdgomi Tanxmovnis silbos aRmniSvneli. qarTul anbanSi ki yvela aso sametyvelo bgeris gamomxatvelia;

d) indoevropul enebSi didi (asomTavruli) da patara asoebis gamoyenebis garkveuli wesebia SemuSavebuli, Tanamedrove qarTulSi ki amgvari garCeva ara gvaqvs;

e) erTmaneTisagan didad ar ganirCeva qarTuli beWduri da xelnaweri asoebic, gamonaklisia ramdenime aso: l, r, o, d, j , u, romelTac xelnaweri alternatiuli variantebic gaaCniaT.

qarTuli damwerlobis ganviTarebaSi pirobiTad gamoyofen sam safexurs: mrglovani, nusxuri, mxedruli. V-IX saukuneebSi ZiriTadad gavrcelebuli iyo mrglovani, anu asomTavruli; X-XI saukuneebSi igi Secvala nusxurma, xolo XI sau-kunidan Caisaxa mxe druli, romelic TandaTanobiT Seicvala da sabolood miiRo is saxe, romelic mas aqvs dRes.

XVIII saukunidan ricxvebis gamosaxatavad qarTulSi asoebi iyo gamoyenebuli: anbanis pirveli cxra aso erTeulebs aRniSnavda, meore cxra _ aTeulebs, mesame aseulebs, meoTxe ki _ aTaseulebs.

am mizniT gamoyenebuli iyo mTeli anbani. mogvianebiT man adgili dauTmo arabul cifrebs.

Zvel qarTul anbanSi (V-X) 38 aso iyo, (amaTgan 33 im bgerebs gamoxatavda, romelic salite raturo qarTulSi dResac gvaqvs), dRevandeli qarTuli anbanis-gan gansxvavebiT aq gvxvdeboda Semdegi asoebi: _ H Y K P O (ei, iota, vie, xari, hoe); SemdegSi ki maTi raodenoba 40-mde avida, XVIII saukunisTvis daemata umarcvlo u da fi (u da ф). qarTuli anbanis gamartivebis saqmeSi didi Rvawli miuZRvis ilia WavWavaZes, swored man aRar ixmara Tavis cnobil kritikul statiaSi `ramdenime sityva revaz Salvas Ze erisTavis mier kazlovidgan `SeSlilis~ Targmna zeda~

46

es niSnebi _ H Y K P O u (ei, iota, vie, xari, hoe, umarcvlo u). ès asoebi, _ wers ilia, _ sul aRar ixmarebian dRevandels enaSi... tyuilad agrZeleben anbans, aZneleben marTlweras da sxva arafers ar SegvZineben. Tu marTla es asoebi ar ismis dRevan-dels enaSi, ratom ar unda gada agdon? Semsubuqeba da gaadvileba marTlwerisa da anbanis gana cota saqmea?~(l. kvaWaZe, qarTuli ena,1981, gv. 80 - 89).

aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva:teqsts Tavidan bolomde gamometyvelebiT kiTxulobs maswavlebeli. ganmeo-

rebiT kiTxuloben moswavleebi; gzadagza, kiTxvis procesSi, aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, risTvisac iyeneben `sityvis salaros~. garda aq ax snili leqsikuri erTeulebisa, moswavleebisaTvis SeiZleba gaugebari aRmoCndes Semdegi sityvebi:

gvinaT _ gvinaTebsiZvelis gmosavs neli xavsi _ Zalian Zveli xar (Sdr. frazeologizmi _ xavsi

moekida)qvaze Wrili _ qvaze amoWrili (uZvelesi warwerebi_ bolnisis, mcxeTis, nekre-

sis... swored qvazea amoWrili)siaxle gaqvs orbis _ marad axali da Zlieri xar...

aqtivoba 3 _ teqstis analizi: gairkveva, leqsis mixedviT, rodis Seiqmna qarTu-li anbani (leqsi dawerilia XX saukuneSi, `26 saukunis winaT~ ki gulis xmobs Cvens welTaRricxvamde IV s-s).

informacia maswavleblisaTvis:`qarTlis cxovreba~ qarTuli mwignobrobis SemomRebad miiCnevs mefe far-

navazs, romelic Cv. welTaRricxvamde IV-III saukuneebSi mefobda. zogi mkvlevari (r. patariZe) qarTuli anbanis SemoRebas swored am periods ukavSirebs, akad. iv. javaxiSvili ki SesaZleblad miiCnevs am TariRis gadatanas ufro Sors _VIII-VII s-Si Cv. welTaRricxvamde (iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli paleografia, 1949 w. gv. 20-25). uTuod iv. javaxiSvilis es mosazreba hqonda mxedvelobaSi g. tabiZes, roca am leqss werda: àmoenTe brwyinvad ocdaeqvsi saukunis winaT~.

_ ras adarebs poeti qarTul anbans? _ mzes, romelic yvelasaTvis Tana brad anaTebs (`marad mzeebr gvinaT~), Tvalis Cins, romelic yvelaferze Zvirfasia ada-mianisaTvis (Sdr. Tvalis Cini _ Zvirfasi, metad sayvareli, unaklo, yvelafriT sruli, gasafrTxilebeli. am TqmiT CvenTvis yvelaze sayvarel arsebas /nivTs/ vadarebT Cveni mxedvelobis organos _ Tvals, romliTac Cven vWvretT Cvens garSemo yvelafers da romlis gareSe Cveni sicocxlis Rirebuleba ganaxev rebuli iqneboda, yvelafers fasi daekargeboda. T. saxokia, qarTuli xatovani sityva-Tq-mani, 1979, gv. 263-264); orbs _ gareul frinvels, romelic gamoirCeva siZlieriTa da sicocxlisunarianobiT; verxvis Srials (ès Sriali iyo mraval verxvis~)….

_ moZebneT leqsSi is striqonebi, romlebiTac poeti qarTuli anbanis siZveleze migvaniSnebs (àmoenTe 26 saukunis winaT~, `Sen siZvelis gmosavs neli xavsi~, àse iyav savse ocdaeqvsi saukunis winaT~).

_ leqsSi poeturi miniSnebaa `vefxistyaosnisa~ da SoTa rusTavelis Se saxeb. moZebneT da waikiTxeT es striqonebi (`SeniT mRerda momRerali vefxvis, udare-blad mcodne leqsis xerxis~).

47

_ ra SeityveT axali am leqsidan qarTuli anbanis Sesaxeb? (qarTul anbans 26 saukunis istoria aqvs).

aqtivoba 4 _ Zveli qarTuli anbanis gacnoba:maswavlebeli klass esaubreba qarTuli anbanis ganviTarebis safexurebze

mokled da martivad, am dros iyenebs saTanado tabulas. Tu moswavleTa survili iqneba, SeiZleba zogierTi asos moxazuloba daizepiron kidec, daweron sakuTari da megobrebis saxelebi mrglovani anbanis gamoyenebiT.

aqtivoba 5 _ ra vicodi qarTuli anbanis Sesaxeb, ra gavige, ris gageba mainteresebs (es aqtivoba SeiZleba Sesruldes wyvilebSi).

aqtivoba 6 _ `qarTuli enis samyarodan~ werilobiT sruldeba davalebebi #1 sa #2 (`qarTuli anbanis ganviTarebis safexurebi~).

Sedegebis kodi:


gamoyeneba;3. moswavles SeuZlia mxatvruli teqstis (leqsi) wakiTxva da adekvaturad gageba-

gaanalizeba;4. moswavles aqvs kiTxvis procesiT gamowveuli ganwyobilebisa da STabeWdilebis

gadmocemis unari.

48

gakveTilis masala:iakob gogebaSvilis ìavnanam ra hqmna!?’~ (Tavebi: `samSoblo Rvi nisa~,

`sofeli vaSlovani~, `lekebi kaxeTSi~), salite raturo ena da dialeqtebi, sityvaTa warmoqmna (wina viTarebis saxelebi _ terminis gareSe)

miznebi

_ zepiri gamosvlisaTvis mzadeba_ aRweriTi teqstis ageba_ literaturuli teqstis kiTxva da analizi_ sakuTari azris dasabuTeba_ kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba_ saTqmelis naTlad da gasagebad gadmocema, kiTxvebze adekvaturi pasuxebis

gacema_ gabmuli metyvelebis ganviTareba_leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba_ dialeqtizmebze dakvirveba_ sityvis semantikaze dakvirveba

I gakveTili

aqtivoba 1 _ kiTxvisTvis mzadeba:maswavlebeli dafaze wers frazas: `qarTuli ena Cveni dedaenaa.~ svams kiTxvas:_ ra mniSvnelobiT aris gamoyenebuli am winadadebaSi sityva dedaena? (mSobli-

uri enis mniSvnelobiT)._ kidev ras aRniSnavs es sityva? vin aris `dedaenis~ avtori? ra gsmeniaT mis

Sesaxeb? (es davaleba klass miecema jgufuri muSaobisTvis. TiToeuli jgufi war-moadgens pasuxis sakuTar variants. moswavleebi avseben da afaseben erTmaneTis pasuxebs).

damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: iakob gogebaSvili (1840-1912) _qarTveli pedagogi, qarTuli mecnieruli peda-

gogikis fuZemdebeli, publicisti da sabavSvo mwerali, daibada Raribi mRvdlis ojaxSi sof. varianSi (goris mazra), swavlobda jer gorSi, Semdeg ki _ Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi, 1861 wels swavla gaagrZela kievis sasuliero akademiaSi, magram janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo 1863 wels iZulebuli gaxda samSobloSi dabrunebuliyo. eweoda pedagogiur saqmianobas, aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobaSi, amis gamo 1874 w. igi, rogorc politikurad arakeTilsaimedo, mefis xelisuflebam gaaTavisufla samsaxuridan, amis Semdeg aRarsad umuSavia, eweoda sazogadoebriv saqmianobas, ibrZoda qarTuli saxalxo skolis Seqmna-damkvidrebisaTvis, icavda realuri ganaTlebis upiratesobas form-alurTan SedarebiT, aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli wera-kiTxvis gamavrc. saz-bis muS-aobaSi. misTvis mTavari ped. principi iyo xalxurobis principi, rac, upirveles

49

Yyovlisa, gamoixateboda mSobliur enaze swavlebis aucileblobaSi. pirvelma wa-moayena aRmzrdelobiTi swavlebis idea, sakiTxavi masalac swored am principe-biT aqvs SerCeuli, amis nimuSia ìavnanam ra hqmna?!~-c. mis moTxrobebSi aRmzrd. didaqtikuri motivebi organulad erwymis mxatvrul realizms. Mmisi moTxrobebi mozardebs STaagonebda samSoblos istoriis pativiscemas, misTvis Tavdadebas, humanizms, erovnebaTa da religiaTa Soris urTi erTSemwynareblobasa da tol-eranatobas. SemTxveviTi ar aris warwera mis `dedaenaze~: `yvela sarwmunoebis qa-rTvelTaTvis~. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania misi wvlili qarTuli originaluri saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmnis saqmeSi: `qarTuli anabani da pirveli sakiTxavi wigni moswavleTaTvis~ (1863-1868 ww.), `deda ena~, (1876-1912 ww.), `bunebis kari~ (1868 -1912 ww), `ruskoe slovo~ (1887w.)... manve Semoitana da daamkvidra qarTul sinamdvileSi wera-kiTxvis swavlebis is principebi, romlebic dResac safuZvlad edeba qarTuli an-banis saxelmZRvaneloebs (lit-ra: q s e, t. III, gv. 196; v. ramiSvili, qarTuli enis swavlebis meTodika, 1957, gv. 76-79...).

maswavlebeli klass waakiTxebs i. gogebaSvilis sityvebs:`dedaenis Seswavla bavSvs akavSirebs mTeli eris sulTan da gulTan, mis xan-

grZliv istoriul cxovrebasTan da avsebs mas sulieri RoniT da mxneobiT~.

aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva da analizi:maswavlebeli iwyebs teqstis kiTxvas. gamometyvelebiT waikiTxavs I Tavs. teqs-

tis es nawili aRweriTia da maswavlebelma amis gaTvaliswinebiT unda SearCios sa-Tanado intonacia, tempi, pauzebi, maxvilebi... kiTxvis procesSive xsnis gaugebar sityvebsa da gamoTqmebs:

civi _ mTis saxelwodebaa (mdebareobs gomboris qedis Sua monakveTze mdi-nareebis: kisisxevisa da Turdos _ zemo dinebaTa wyalgamyofze).

zvari _ venaxidaRestani _ qveyana CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi (aq cxovrobs daaxloebiT 30 sxva-

dasxva xalxi da eTnografiuli jgufi, maTgan yvelaze mravalricxovanni arian xunZebi, darguelebi, yumuxelebi, lekebi, lakebi, CeCnebi...).

mijna _ sazRvariqvitkiri _ saSeni masala, qva da kiri erTad SeduRabebulinaSTi _ raimes arsebobis kvali, adre arsebulis narCeni

teqstis am monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg svams kiTxvebs:_ saqarTvelos romeli nawilia aRwerili am teqstSi? (aRmosavleTi – `Tbili-

sidan rom aRmosavleTiT waxvide...~)._ moZebneTY teqstSi is adgili, sadac kaxeTis velia aRwerili (ès swore vake

...~)._ ra nawilebad yofs mdinare alazani kaxeTs? (àqeTa naxevars hqvia...~)._ ra qveyana esazRvreba kaxeTs? (daRestani)._ ra yofs kaxeTs daRestnisagan? (mTebi)._ ra moCans gaRma mxares? (èrT adgilas mTis ZirSi~...)_ raze migviTiTebs es naSTebi?_ raze migvaniSnebs am Tavis saTauri `samSoblo Rvinisa~? (imaze, rom am TavSi

saubari iqneba Rvinis istoriul samSobloze_kaxeTze);_ratom uwodeben am kuTxes `Rvinis samSoblos?~ Tu aris amis Sesaxeb miniSne-

50

bebi teqstSi? waikiTxeT saTanado adgilebi. (`zRva venaxebisa da zvrebisa~);teqstis meore da mesame Tavebs kiTxuloben moswavleebi da gzadagza `sit yvis

salarosa~ da maswavleblis daxmarebiT xsnian gaugebar sityvebsa da gamoTqmebs:

puradoba _ stumarTmoyvareobasaxloba – aq: ojaxiTari _ aRmosavluri musikaluri sakraviuRalavi _ dauRlelimasze amosdioda mze – Zalian uyvardasazogadod _ aq: saerTodlekebi _daRestnelebis tradiciuli qarTuli saxelwodebaa (masSi igulisxme-

bian ara Tavad lekebi/lezgebi, aramed daRestnis teritoriaze mosaxle tomebi. maTi gamusulmaneba intensiurad iwyeba XVII saukunidan).

nabdeuloba _ moTelili matylisgan damzadebuli nakeTobani; nabadi _moTeli-li matylisgan damzadebuli wamosasxami

nasoflari_ adgili,sadac Zvelad sofeli iyo Rele_ aq: xeviamoCuxCuxebda_ amodioda kacTmoyvare_ adamianebis moyvarulisanovage_ saWmelikargad gasinjo_ aq: daakvirdegaarCev _ aq: aRmoaCenayrili tye _xSiri tyeSefenili mTa_dafaruli mTa oqros guli_ keTili, mosiyvarule guliruseTisken gaweva _ rusuli orientacia, ruseTs mikedleba, ruseTis arCevateqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg iwyeba gamokrebiTi kiTxva:_ rogor aRwers mwerali sofel vaSlovans?(`dasavleTiT am sofels ertya zvre-

bi da venaxebi, xolo aRmosavleTis mxriv ki exeboda xSirsa da ayrils tyes, romli-Tac Sefenili iyo mTa. am xSiris tyis wyalobiT Sig Sua guls sofelSi miwidan amoCux-Cuxebda veeberTela ankara wyaro, romlis yinuliviT civi wyali iyo sayvareli sa-smeli mTeli soflisa. Senobani soflisa sul qvitkirisani iyvnen da mowmobdnen, rom sofeli SeZlebuli iyo, marTlac, maSin vaSlovanma da mTelma kaxeTma ar icoda, ra iyo vaWris vali, romelSiac exla kaxeTia Cafluli~);

_ ra migvaniSnebs imaze, rom teqstSi aRwerili ambavi didi xnis winaT moxda? (migvaniSnebs sityvebi teqstidan `Zvels droSi~, agreTve: nasoflari, naSTebi...);

_ visi ojaxia am teqstSi aRwerili?(Tavad zurab qarTvelaZis) _qarTvelaZeTa ra Tvisebebze migvaniSnebs mwerali?(kacTmoyvareobaze). _Tu Cans mwer lis damokide-buleba am ojaxisadmi? saidan Cans es? (es Cans magdanis daxasiaTebaSi, mwerali mas uwodebs òqro gulis patrons~);

_ ris Sesaxeb aris saubari teqstis mesame TavSi? (saubaria lekebze , maT urT-ierTobaze kaxelebTan, vaWrobaze am or xalxs Soris);

_ rogori damokidebuleba iyo qarTvelebsa da lekebs Soris Zvelad?(keTilmezobluri). rodis gafuWda maT Soris urTierToba? (mas Semdeg, rac isini gamahmadiandnen, xolo saqarTvelom ki ruseTisaken aiRo gezi). ra gaxda am or xalxs Soris mtrobis mizezi? (sarwmunoebis Secvla lekTa mxridan da saqarT-velos rusuli orientacia);

51

aqtivoba 3 _ wakiTxulis gaazreba (5-6 wT.):gairkveva vin aris nawarmoebis avtori (i. gogebaSvili) , romel dros Se e xeba

nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambavi (im dros, sanam qarTvelebi `ruseTisaken gaiwevdnen~), ra aris nawarmoebis am sam TavSi mTavari (kaxeTisa da qarTvelaZeebi ojaxis, agreTve _ Zvel droSi qarTvelebsa da lekebs Soris keTilmezob luri urTierTobis aRwera).

aqtivoba 4 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:rTuli sityvebis orTografiaze muSaoba: moZebneT teqstSi rTuli sityvebi da

gaixseneT rogor iwereba isini: kacTmoyvare, qvitkiri... _ rodis iwereba rTul sityvaSi defisi (-)?(rodesac maT Soris da kavSiri Ca-

ismis).

aqtivoba 6 _ saSinao davaleba (2 wT.):teqstis pirveli sami Tavi. meore Tavis mixedviT Seadginino gegma da daweron.gegma daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:a) sofeli vaSlovanib) zurab qarTvelaZis ojaxig) musikaluri col-qmari d) col-qmris bedniereba

II gakveTili

aqtivoba 1 _ wakiTxulis dayofa nawilebad da Sinaarsis gadmocema:aqve maswavlebeli amowmebs wina gakveTilze micemul davalebas _ moswavleebs

werilobiT unda SeedginaT II Tavis gegma. I da III Tavebs ki moswavleebi klasSive yofen calkeul nawilebad da adgenen gegmas:

I Tavi:a) kaxeTis adgilmdebareoba b) nasoflari

III Tavi:a) qarTvelebisa da lekebis urTierToba Zveladb) qarTvelebisa da lekebis urTierToba maTi gamusulmanebis Semdeg moswavleebi am gegmis mixedviTa da maswavleblis daxmarebiT gadmoscemen wa-

kiTxulis Sinaarss jer cal-calke, Semdeg ki mTlianad, gabmuli TxrobiT.

aqtivoba 2 _ aRweriTi teqstis Seqmna:_ waikiTxeT meore Tavis pirveli abzaci. (`Zvels droSi am adgilas hyva oda karga

mozrdili sofeli, romelsac vaSlovani erqva. dasavleTiT am sofels ertya zvrebi da venaxebi, xolo aRmosavleTis mxriv ki exeboda xSirsa da ayrils tyes, romliTac Sefenili iyo mTa. am xSiris tyis wyalobiT Sig Sua guls sofelSi miwidan amoCux-Cuxebda veeberTela ankara wyaro, romlis yinuliviT civi wyali iyo sayvareli sa-smeli mTeli soflisa. Senobani soflisa sul qviTkirisani iyvnen da mowmobdnen, rom sofeli SeZlebuli iyoo).

52

_ romeli zedsarTavi saxelebi gvxvdeba aq?(mozrdili, xSiri, SeZlebuli, ay-rils, veeberTela, ankara, yinuliviT, civi, sayvareli), ra moxdeba, Tu Txrobisas zedsarTav saxelebs ar gamoviyenebT? (teqsti iqneba uemocio da mSrali). ra mizniT iyenebs mwerali aq am zedsarTav saxelebs? (raTa ufro zusti da gamomsaxveli gaxa-dos Txroba).

_ romel zedsarTav saxelebs gamoiyenebT im qalaqis (soflis) aRwerisa Tvis, sadac Tqven cxovrobT? (mag., aTeni _ uZvelesi, didi, lamazi, Tbili da xmauriani, xalx mravali...).

_ sad mdebareobs Tqveni qalaqi (sofeli)?_ romeli mdinare Camoudis mas?_ romeli qalaqi (sofeli) esazRvreba mas?_ rogoria igi? ra aris masSi gansakuTrebuli?_ ra RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebia iq?_ ra gsmeniaT (wagikiTxavT) mis Sesaxeb?..Semdeg maswavlebeli klass yofs jgufebad da aZlevs davalebas _ Seadginon

teqsti zepiri gamosvlisaTvis: `Cemi qalaqi (sofeli)~. igi winaswar Seaxsenebs mo-swavleebs, rom amisaTvis saWiroa gegmis Sedgena; gegma unda Camoweron, Txrobisas unda daicvan Tanmimdevroba, Sinaarsi aucileblad unda Seesaba mebodes mis saTaurs, mxolod amis Semdeg unda waukiTxon amxanagebs da moisminon maTi Sefaseba (SeiZleba es miTiTebebi baraTebze gavaformoT `samaxsovros~ saxiT da davurigoT moswav-leebs).

moswavleebi axdenen sakuTari namuSevris prezentacias da ismenen amxanagebisa da maswavleblis Sefasebebs.

aqtivoba 3 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:a) wina viTarebis saxelebi_ mwerali vaSlovans `nasoflars~ uwodebs. rogor fiqrobT, ratom? (imitom,

rom aq adre sofeli iyo, romelic axla aRar arsebobs). ra ewodeba ad gils, sadac adre qalaqi iyo? (na-qalaq-ar-i _ wers am sityvas dafaze), sadac adre venaxi iyo? (na-venax-ar -i), sadac saxli iyo? (na-saxl-ar-i). sxva amgvar sityvebsac xom ar gaix-senebT? SevadginoT winadadebebi am sityvebis gamoyenebiT. (Sesruldeba saTanado savarjiSOebi `qarTuli enis samyarodan~).

b) dialeqtizmebze dakvirveba:_ sad xdeba teqstSi aRwerili ambavi? sad cxovrobs zurab qarTvelaZe? (kaxeT-

Si). saqarTvelos romeli kuTxidan aris magdani? (qarTlidan). saqarTvelos romel kuTxeebs daasaxelebT kidev? ra enaze saubroben am kuTxis mac xovreblebi? (qar-Tulad). Tu aris gansxvaveba saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis macxovrebelTa sau-barSi? (aris). sad, saqarTvelos romel kuTxeSi iyeneben sityvebs: dideda? babo? papa? Zalo? (qarTlSi, kaxeTSi...), bJola? kvaxi? Kkvati?.. (imereTSi, guriaSi...).

eZleva daskvna: kuTxur metyvelebas dialeqti hqvia. babo, bJola, kvaxi, kvati... di-aleqturi formebia.

maswavlebeli aqve avarjiSebs klass dialeqturi formebis saliteraturo qa-rTulis formebiT Canacvlebaze. sruldeba saTanado davaleba `qarTuli enis sa-myarodan~.

53

_ teqstSi naxsenebi arian lekebic. maTac sakuTari ena aqvT. sad aris gav-rcelebuli lekuri ena? (daRestanSi).

informacia maswavleblisaTvis: lekuri (lezgiuri) ena, mTis iberiul-kavka-siur enaTa daRestnis jgufis axaldamwerlobiani ena. gavrcelebulia daRestnis a/r samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi da agreTve azerbaijanis zogierT sofelSi. am enaze laparakobs daaxloebiT 110 aTasi kaci.

aqtivoba 4 _ Sejameba:moswavleebi ajameben, ra gaiges am gakveTilze axali (miiRes informacia qa-

rTvelebisa da lekebis istoriuli urTierTobis Sesaxeb; daRestnisa da lekuri/lezgiuri enis Sesaxeb; aRweres sakuTari qalaqi/sofeli, gaiges, ra mimarTebaa salit-eraturo enasa da dialeqtebs Soris...).

aqtivoba 6 _ saSinao davaleba:ìavnanam ra hqmna?!~ pirveli sami Tavi TxrobiT, dasawerad: gadmoeci werilo-

biT II Tavis Sinaarsi.

Sedegebis kodi

1. moswavles aqvs informaciis miRebisa da gadacemis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebi.2. moswavles SeuZlia literaturuli teqstebis mosmena, gageba da maTi Sinaarsis

gadmocema.3. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli teqstebis wakiTxva da adek-

vaturad gageba-gaanalizeba.4. moswavles aqvs kiTxvis procesiT gamowveuli ganwyobilebisa da STabeWdilebis

gadmocemis unari.5. moswavles SeuZlia mcire zomis teqstis damoukideblad Seqmna da azris gasa-

gebad Camoyalibeba.

54

gakveTilis masala:lado asaTiani _ ` qarTuli ena~; enis raoba, enis funqciebi

miznebi

_ teqstis ageba saTauris mixedviT_ poeturi teqstis aRqma_ gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaSi varjiSi_ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba_ enis funqciebis gacnoba_ orTografiuli da orToepiuli Cvevebis formireba_ sityvis semantikaze dakvirveba, sityvaTa warmoqmna (terminis gareSe)

aqtivoba 1 _ kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba:maswavlebeli klass yofs wyvilebad da aZlevs davalebas_gaixsenon, ra ician

qarTuli enis Sesaxeb; ra waukiTxavT am sakiTxze, romeli cnobili poete bisa da mwerlebis nawarmoebebs gaixseneben. TiToeuli wyvili warmoadgens Tavis vari-ants. pasuxebis prezentacia da analizi xdeba klasSi.

aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva da analizi:maswavlebeli klass gamometyvelebiT ukiTxavs lado asaTianis leqss „qarTuli

ena~, akiTxebs 1-2 moswavles, Semdeg aZlevs davalebas: waikiTxon leq si Cumad, mo-Zebnon da axsnan gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, gamoiyenon am mizniT `sityvis salaro~; moniSnon is ucnobi sityvebic, romlebic wignSi ar aris axsnili. am si-tyvebs Semdeg xsnis klasis saerTo ZalisxmeviT:

zena – zeciuri Zala, RmerTiuZvelesi tomi _ igulisxmeba saqarTveloSlegi _ giJi, gadareuli; Slegi CanCqerebi – swrafi CanCqerebi; CanCqeri _

kldeze gadmomdinare wylis nakadimyinvari – moZravi yinulis mkvrivi masa mTebSidajanReba –nislad qceva; janRi _ nisli, burusifari _ sabrZolo iaraRisarkineTi (sarkine) _ adgilia mcxeTaSi (informacia maswavleblisaTvis: sar-

kine – didi mcxeTis ubani, mcxeTis dasavleTiT mdebare, e. w. jojoxeTis ubnidan SiomRvimis misadgomebamde _ savaneTis qedsa da grZel mindorze. Zv. qarTuli istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT, sarkineTi damoukidebel qalaqad aris miCneuli, Tumca es mosazreba zogierTi mecnieris garkveul eWvs iwvevs. arqeologiurma gaTxrebma gamoavlines, rom elinistur xanaSi aq sakmaod ganviTarebuli yofila liTonis damuSavebis kultura, oqromWedloba. aRmoCenilia meliTo neTa saxelos-noebi. swored amitomac axsenebs poeti momdevno strofSi grdemlsa da uros).

grdemli _ rkinis sayrdeni liTonis gamosaWedaduro _didi CaquCisTvlemen – sZinavT; sasTumali _ baliSi an sxva rame TavqveS dasadebixmaTa xaverdebi – aq: sasiamovno, tkbili xmebi (informacia maswavleblisTvis:

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`xmaTa xaverdebi~ rTuli metaforis tipuri nimuSia. metafora _ berZnulad niSnavs gadatanas).

informacia maswavleblisaTvis:lado asaTiani daibada 1917 wlis 14 ianvars quTaisSi. misi mSoblebi pedago-

gebi iyvnen, cageris raionis mkvidrni.lado asaTianma 1934 wels daasrula sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikumi da swavla

quTaisis peda gogiur institutSi sabunebismetyvelo fakultetze gaagrZela. sul mokle xanSi ki qarTuli enisa da literaturis fakultetze gadavida. studento-bis periodSi Cabmuli iyo samecniero wreebisa da literaturuli organizaciebis muSaobaSi, iyo quTaisSi gamomavali gazeTis „stalinelis~ TanamSromeli, swored am gazeTSi daibeWda pirvelad misi leqsebi. 1936 wels lado asaTiani ramdenime TviT mSobliur sofel bardnalaSi dabrunda. am periodSi Targmna puSkinis, mamin-sibiriakis nawarmoebebi.

quTaisSi dabrunebis Semdeg lado kidev ufro aqtiurad Caeba qalaqis lite-raturul cxovrebaSi. gansakuTrebiT iyo gatacebuli folkloristuli ZiebebiT.

1937-1938 wlebis represiebi lado asaTianis ojaxsac Seexo: dedamisi _ lida cqitiSvili, rusuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebeli, daapatimres „xalxis mtris~ braldebiT.

represirebuli ojaxis Svils male gamouCndnen moSurneebi, mowinaaRmdegeebi, romelTac brZola gamoucxades axalgazrda poets.

1937 wlis 16 ivliss gazeT „stalinelSi~ gamoqveynda publikacia, romelSic ramdenime sxva dasxva mweralTan erTad, mkacrad iyo gakritikebuli lado asaTia-ni. „kritikosebi~ poets „politikuri Secdomebis~ gamosworebisaken mouwodebd-nen, urCevdnen, Tavi daenebebina „mavne laybobisaTvis~. aseTi gamoxdomebi mZime STabeWdilebas axdenda axalgazrda poetze; mis garSemo atexili aJiotaJiT ga-mowveuli gulistkivili kargad Cans poetis CanawerebSi, pirad werilebSi, Taname-droveTa mogonebebSi.

dedis dapatimrebis Semdeg lado asaTiani institutidan garicxes. oficialu-ri mizezi aseTi iyo: „kontrrevoluciuri layboba~. aseTi braldeba 1937-1938 wlebSi, represiebis dros, gawirvis tolfasi iyo da, bunebrivia, am faqtmac Zlier imoqmeda poetze.

amgvari braldebiT „daRdasmuli~ lado amaod dadioda dawesebulebidan dawe-sebulebaSi samuSos saZieblad, magram materialur siduxWireSi Cavardnil „mtris Svils~ xels aravin umarTavda.

1938 wlidan mdgomareoba ramdenadme Seicvala, represiebis talRam TiTqos gadaiara. 1938 wlis 29 marts ki saqalaqo komitetis dadgenilebiT lado asaTiani institutSi aRadgines.

1938 wlis zafxulidan lado asaTiani TbilisSi gadmovida sacxovreblad, Ta-namSomlobda Jurnal „Cveni Taobis~ redaqciasTan. misi nawarmoebebi qveyndeboda „axalgazrda komunistSi~, „mnaTobSi~, „literaturul gazeTSi~, „pionerSi~ da sxv.

1938-1939 wlebSi poeti muSaobda gazeT „norCi leninelSi~, aqveynebda leqsebs, narkvevebs, literaturul werilebs. statiebi miuZRvna nikoloz baraTaSvilis, vano sarajiSvilis, Sio mRvimelis, uolter skotis, JorJ sandis da sxvaTa Semoq-medebas.

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1939 wels lado asaTiani armiaSi gaiwvies, magram avadmyofobis gamo TbilisSi daabrunes. igi tuberkuloziT iyo daavadebuli, araerTi Tve gaatara abasTumanSi, magram ver ganikurna.

lado asaTiani gardaicvala 1943 wels sruliad axalgazrda, 26 wlisa. igi di-dubis panTeonSia dakrZaluli.

aqtivoba 3 _ wakiTxulis gaazreba:gaanalizdeba, ras uZRvnis poeti am leqss (qarTul enas), leqsis mixedviT, vin da

sad gaaCina qarTuli ena (`saqarTvelos mTebSi gagaCina zenam~), ras uwodebs mwerali qarTul enas? (`xmaTa xaverdebis da RmerTebis enas~), vin igulisxma poetma ùZveles tomSi?~ (qarTvelebi), ratom? (qarTvel xalxs didi xnis istoria aqvs)...

II gakveTili

aqtivoba 1 _ Sesrulebuli davalebis prezentacia:

_ moZebneT da waikiTxeT leqsidan is adgilebi, sadac aRwerilia saqarTvelos buneba: (`Slegi CanCqerebis napralebze xtoma~, `myinvarebis RvTiur brwyinvalebiT dnoba~, `gafantuli faris mTaze dajanReba~, `mwife puris yana qarSi rogor Relavs~, `varskvlavi caze rogor mogzaurobs~...);

_ rasTan aris Sedarebuli cxvris fara? (nislTan, janRTan);_ ra niSniT aris Sedarebuli? (orive TeTria, orive mTis kalTazea Sefenili)._ moZebneT da waikiTxeT leqsSi is adgili, sadac poeti saqarTvelos istori-

aze, warsulze migviTiTebs (ùZvelesma tomma dRemde moimRera,~ `qarTuli faris farze dajaxeba~, `sarkineTSi grdemlze rogor scemen uros~... `cixe-koSkis Crdil-Si... RamismTevlebs lxini gaumarTavT...~).

_ ra sityvebiT moixseniebs poeti qarTul enas? (`siyvarulis leqsis, sadRe-grZelos ena~, `xmaTa xaverdebis da RmerTebis ena~...).

aqtivoba 2 _ wakiTxulis gaazreba da Sefaseba:_ poetis ra ganwyoba Cans leqsSi? (aRmafrenisa da siamayis)._ ra uqmnis poets aseT ganwyobas? (qveynis warsuli, samSoblos siyvaruli)._ ratom uwodebs poeti qarTul enas `xmaTa xaverdebisa da RmerTebis enas?~

(mas Zalian uyvars da moswons Tavisi mSobliuri ena)._ romeli enaa poetis mSobliuri ena? (qarTuli ena)._ mSobliuri enis aRsaniSnavad qarTvelebi romel sityvas iyeneben kidev? (de-

daenas)._ rogor fiqrobT, ratom uwodeben qarTvelebi mSobliur enas `dedaenas?~

gaixseneT sxva sityvebic, romlebic aseve `dedasTan~ arian dakavSirebuli (de-dasamSoblo, dedaqalaqi, dedamiwa...).

_ risTvis aris ena saWiro? (saubrisaTvis, erTmaneTTan urTierTobis dasamyare-blad, sakuTari azris gamosaxatavad...).

eZleva daskvna_ena adamianTa azris gamoxatvisa da urTierTobis saSualebaa. qa-rTvelTa dedaena, mSobliuri ena qarTulia. es leqsic swored dedaenas eZRvneba.

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informacia maswavleblisaTvis: mecnierebi ZiriTadad enis or funqcias _ azris gamoxatvisa da sakomunikacios

_ gamoyofen. Tumca enaTmecnierTa erTi nawili aRiarebs enis mesame funqciasac _ saSemecnebos. am Sexedulebis warmomadgenlebi Tvlian, rom yovel enaSi mocemu-lia samyaros aRqmisa da Semecnebis garkveuli modeli, romelic TiToeul enaSi Taviseburia da ar emTxveva arc erT sxva models (ena msoflxatia). enebi erT-maneTisgan gansxvavdeba ara mxolod imiT, rom sxvadasxva bgeradobis sityvebiT aRniSnaven erTsa da imave cnebas, aramed imiTac, rom am enaze molaparakeTaTvis TviT es cnebebia gansxvavebuli da sxvadasxva mimarTeba aqvT momijnave cnebebTan. sailustraciod kmara `dedaenac~, romelic `mSobliuri enis~ (pirveli enis, saba-ziso enis) aRsaniSnavad moepoveba qarTuls.

aqtivoba 3 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:a) omonimebze dakvirveba: _ teqstSi ori iseTi sityvaa, romlebic garegnulad hgavs erTmaneTs, mniSvn-

eloba ki gansxvavebuli aqvs. romelia es sityvebi? (`gafantuli faris mTaze dajan-Reba~, ̀ qarTuli faris farze dajaxeba~, _ pirvel SemTxvevaSi saubaria cxvris faraze, meore SemTxvevaSi – sabrZolo iaraRze). xom ar gaixsenebdiT sxva aseT sityvebsac? (bari – sameurneo iaraRi, bari – dablobi adgili...).

b) saxelTa warmoqmnaze dakvirveba:_ ras aRniSnavs jagi? (eklian buCqs). jagnari? (adgils, romelic jagebiT aris

dafaruli)._ miiReT axali sityvebi: buCqi – (buCqnari), naZvi (naZvnari), fiWvi (fiWvnari),

yvavili (yvavilnari). ra gansxvavebaa am sityvebs Soris? (pirveli aRniSnavs mcena-res, meore ki adgils, sadac es mcenareebi mravlad xarobs).

g) sityvaTa marTlweraze dakvirveba:_ moZebneT teqstSi rTuli sityvebi da daakvirdiT, rogor iwereba isini (cixe-

koSki – iwereba defisiT, RamismTeveli _ iwereba erTad). SeadgineT da dafaze da-wereT winadadebebi am sityvebis gamoyenebiT.

_ moZebneT teqstSi arsebiTi saxeli, romelc ori m-Ti iwereba (tomma). ratom iwereba aq ori m? (erTi fuZiseulia, meore – moTxr. br-is niSani). sxva aseT magali-Tebsac xom ar gaixsenebT?

aqtivoba 4 _ Sejameba:moswavleebi ajameben, ra iswavles am gakveTilze axali (Seiswavles lado asa-

Tianis leqsi `qarTuli ena~, daeuflnen gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis Cvevas, aages teq-stebi mocemul Temaze, gaecnen mSobliuri enis raobas, Seasrules savarjiSoebi...), SeiZleba Seivsos sqemac:

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ra vicodi qarTuli enis

Sesaxebra gavige risi gageba

mainteresebs

aqtivoba 5 _ saSinao davaleba (2 wT.):saSinao davalebad eZlevaT lado asaTianis leqsi `qarTuli ena~; aseve, moswav-

leebma unda moiZion qarTveli poetebis leqsebi, romlebic qarTul enas eZRvneba.

Sedegebis kodi:


gamoyeneba;3. moswavles SeuZlia mxatvruli teqstis (leqsi) wakiTxva da adekvaturad gageba-

gaanalizeba;4. moswavles aqvs kiTxvis procesiT gamowveuli ganwyobilebisa da STabeWdilebis

gadmocemis unari.

maswavlebels vTavazobT damatebiT informacias lado asaTianis leqsis `krwa-nisis yayaCoebi~ dagegmvisaTvis.

damatebiTi informacia maswavleblebisaTvis:

a) samasi aragveli _ krwanisis brZolisa da Tbilisis aRebis Semdeg, 1795 w., iranelTa erTi nawili qalb-ali-xanis meTaurobiT aragvis xeobas auyva. maT mefe erekles Sepyroba da saaragvos dapyroba hqondaT davalebuli. JinvalSi mTidan wamosuli samasamde TuS-fSav-xevsuri mogrovda. maT gvian gaegoT sayvareli me-fisa da samSoblos gasaWiri da `mgmluriT~ moeSurebodnen samxreTisaken. aq isi-ni 4000-ian iranul jars Seebnen da gaanadgures dampyriblebi. gamarjvebulebma aragvelebma sasixarulo ambavTan erTad sayvarel mefes iraneli tyveebic mih-gvares (l.sanikiZe, Txz. t. I, 1991 w).

b) `patara kaxi~ _ mefe erekle _ 1720-1798 w.w. dakrZalulia mcxeTaSi, svet-icxovelSi. igi akavSirebda qarTlsa da kaxeTis bagrationTa or Stos. nadir-Sahis

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gardacvalebis Semdeg ereklem da misma mamam _ Teimuraz II-m 1747 wels Tbilisi iranelebisagan gaaTavisufles. gaaerTianes qarTlsa da kaxeTis samefoebi. Seiqmna morige jari. ereklem SezRuda TviTneba Tavadebi, sastikad akrZala tyveTa yidva-gayidva, ganaxlda zarafxana, gaCnda pirveli qarTuli fabrika-qarxnebi, daars-da seminarebi, gaxSirda wignebis beWdva, 1783 w gaaforma ruseTTan samegobro xelSekruleba (`georgievskis traqtati~). male gamwvavda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos sagareo da saSinao politikuri viTareba. yvelaferi es gadaulaxav siZneled ga-daeRoba qveynis ganaxleba-aRorZinebas. amas zed daerTo iranelTa Semoseva da Tbilisis aoxreba 1795 w, aseve _ ruseTis mier samokavSireo valdebulebebis Seus-rulebloba da Ralati, rasac male ruseTis mxridan qarTl-kaxeTis samefos aneq-sia mohyva.

g) òJa jurxai~ qarTuli xalxuri poeziis gmiria, mas eZRvneba cnobili oTx-striqoniani leqsi:

`beTlemis karze hkidiavoJa jurxais fario,mouvlis omis wadili,xandaxan SesZravs qario~

am gmiris cxovrebisa da moqmedebis dro ar viciT. mxolod xalxi gvamcnobs, rom misi fari ifaravda Cvens qveyanas. beTlemis karze Sekiduli gmiris fari xalxma warmoadgina ara mxolod qveynis Tavisuflebis emblemad, aramed _ misi gansacdelis macnedac. (qarTuli xalxuri poeturi Semoqmedeba, 1968). l.asaTianis am leqsSi oJa jurxais fars swored es simboluri datvirTva aqvs.

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Documents

qarTuli ena da literatura - EPRINTSeprints.iliauni.edu.ge/2088/1/MASWAVLEBLIS SAKVIRAO_DIDI.pdf · a) qarTuli ena da literatura `dedaena~ _ I safexuri (6-dan 8 wlamde moswav - leebisaTvis);