Resumo Psicologia Escolar - 3.ano - 2 semestre

8/3/2019 Resumo Psicologia Escolar - 3.ano - 2 semestre.

1/17

VQDAHMHODN KQAHMNU 5"QKGKQYUK

H ukq{gh kqy ounbik- vhu~{k `hung ahgvmkgkbyninq hq yksyhq

heudonyudhq vkidihq vkmn vuh`kqqhun

Yksyh > Idqyuedhq- yunbqyhubhq-id`da{minikq

k vuhemkgnq ik nvukbidznokgyksyh ik J{mdnbn Znb{y B{yyd

Pdqh vuhpdqudn idpkuqnq ykhudnq k ghikmhq #vhqdh dbykugkidudn$

[qnin ik `hugn kmknyudn #hq ykughq nendsh$- gkbhq ahbam{qdphq vnundbdadnbykq ih vqdahidnobqydah:

Idqyuedhq- id`da{minik vnun hq ahbqyu{ydpqynq:akbyunih bh nm{bh nbhugnmdinik vnyhmodan #ahgvuhgkydgkbyh bk{uhmodah$ vhu nmykunh pdhmbyn bnhuikg bny{unm in nvukbidznokg #vkugnbkbyk$ Idqyuedh: huobdah- q bnaudnbn Idqmksdn #YIN$- YICN"

Yunbqyhubh:ahbj{byh ik qdbyhgnq h{ ahgvhuyngkbyhq amdbdangkbyk ukahbckapkmADI'>6 qh`udgkbyh k dbyku`kubadn ahg `{bkq vkqqhndq dbdadh bndb`badn ahgvuhgkydgkbyh h{ nyunqh bh ikqkbphmpdgkbyh ik `{bkq ~{k qh`huykgkbyk ukmnadhbninq n gny{unh edhmodan ih QBA a{uqh kqypkm ~{k bhkbphmpk ukgdqqkq k ukaninq #anunaykuqydanq ih Yunbqyhubhq gkbyndq {bkqn`kyninq: mdbo{nokg- cnedmdinikq pdq{hkqvnadndq h{ ahhuikbnh ghyhun nyhukqbh edhmodahq: hvhuy{bdinik ik nvukbiku k ~{nmdinik ik kbqdbh"

Id`da{minikq:pnudpkdq ngedkbyndq #vkqqhnq k kqvnhq ' , i{unih{uh$ e{mmtdbo mkqh #qk~{kmnq- gdbdbodyk$- vh{ah gndq mhboh #vhik qku {g vuhemkgnokbydah$' `nyhukq huobdahq audnbnq ~{k nvukqkbyng endsh ukbidgkbyh kqahmnukg ikahuubadn ik `nyhukq dqhmnihq h{ kg dbykunh"

Vuhemkgnq ik Nvukbidznokg:`nyhukq huobdahq- ahobdydphq- n`kydphq-qhadndq- vkinoodahq #vnqqnokduh$ `nmyn ik dbykukqqk vky{uenkqkghadhbndq dbnik~{nh gkyhihmodan qkvnunh ihq vndq- ghuyk bn ngmdn-g{inbn ik kqahmn- kskgvmhq: Gnudnbn ykpk {g uki{h iuqydan bh qk{nvukbidznokg ~{nbih qk g{ih{ ik {gn kqahmn vnun h{yun- kmn idqqk ~{k ngkyhihmhodn ik kbqdbh kun id`kukbyk ih ~{k kqynpn cnedy{nin Ukbnyh qkbyd{ nvkuin ih np bh kbykuuh- `dah{ qkgnbnq anedqendsh- yudqyk bn kqahmn- bh ~{kudneudbanu k bkg kqy{inu" Ikvhdq ik nmo{bq gkqkq- phmyh{ n qku gndq nmkouk"

N yunbq`hugnh ih kqvnh vkinoodah kg kqvnh ambdah #qbykqknendsh$:


2/17

%Nvnyhmhodznh in nvukbidznokgahbqydy{d {g vuhakqqh kg ksvnbqh- ~{k qkidqqkgdbn unvdingkbyk- ahg ounbik nakdynh okunm" Hq vndq inq audnbnq uknokgn qk{q ukq{mynihq ahgh qk n {gn `nynmdinik" Vnun hq vuh`kqqhukq- ukvukqkbyn {gikqpdnihu ik ukqvhbqnedmdinikq" ' %K{ `nh h ~{k vhqqh- gnq kmkq bh nvukbikg%" Ndbqydy{dh kqahmnu- vnuyk dbykounbyk ih qdqykgn qhadhvhmydah- mkodydgn q{nq nkq k

q{nq bh'nkq- vhdq h vuhemkgn ikahuukudn ik ihkbnq ~{k dgvkikg n audnbn iknvukbiku%"

%N id`{qh nauydan aukqakbyk ik %vnyhmhodnq% ~{k vuhphanudng h `unanqqh kqahmnu'ik ghih okunm- %vnyhmhodnq% gnmik`dbdinq- ahg audyudhq idnobqydahq pnohq kdgvukadqhq ' ykg mkpnih- ik {g mnih- uhy{mnh ik audnbnq neqhm{yngkbykbhugndq k- ik h{yuh- n {gn ikqpnmhudznh aukqakbyk ih vuh`kqqhu- anin pkz gkbhqnvyh n mdinu ahg ynbynq %vnyhmhodnq% k %idqyuedhq %"

%""" h{yun gnbkdun ik qk vnyhmhodznu n bh'nvukbidznokg ahbqdqyk bnq idq`{bkqbk{uhmodanq- qkbih hq idqyuedhq ik nvukbidznokg q{n `hugn ik ksvukqqh gndqkg ghin ny{nmgkbyk" Qheuk kqyk nqq{byh- vhikghq n`dugnu ~{k ny chjk- akg nbhq

ikvhdq ik ykukg qdih npkbynihq vkmn vudgkdun pkz vhu {g h`ynghmhodqyn dbomq- bhqk vuhph{ q{n ksdqybadn" {gn mhbon yunjkyudn ik gdyhq- kqyudnq audninq- `nyhqukndq ~{k qh vkuidihq(hgdydihq""" Yunyn'qk ik {gn vukykbqn ihkbn bk{uhmodanjngndq ahgvuhpnin< dbksdqykg audyudhq idnobqydahq amnuhq k vukadqhq ahgh ksdok nvuvudn adbadn bk{uhmodan< h ahbakdyh pnoh ikgndq- neunbokbyk ikgndq"""% #oud`hqbhqqhq$

%H kqvnh kqahmnu- phmynih vnun n nvukbidznokg- vnun n bhugnmdinik- vnun hqn{ipkm- yunbq`hugn'qk kg kqvnh ambdah- phmynih vnun kuuhq k idqyuedhq" Qkg~{nm~{ku gkmchudn ihq bidakq ik unanqqh kqahmnu""" Vhug- qk nq audnbnqahbydb{ng bh nvukbikbih- n dqyh noukon'qk- kg ynsnq nmnugnbykq- n dbahuvhunhin ihkbn""" {gn ihkbn dbksdqykbyk"""%

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Yksyh 5 N yunbq`hugnh ih kqvnhvkinoodah kg kqvnh ambdah Niudnbn

Gnuahbikq

Gkidanmdznh Edhmhodznh #uki{adhbqgh edhmodah: a{mvnedmdznh in pydgn audnbn uki{zdin nh yunbqyhubh- qkg pku ~{nmdinikq$ A{mvnydznh ih nm{bh

pdydgn Ikqb{yudh #q dbyku`kuk bh nvukbidznih qk `hu bn >"n db`badn- vhikhanqdhbnu ki{h ihq uk`mkshq- gnq bh n an{qn in bh nvukbidznokg$ Vkq~{dqn[bdangv #vkq~{dqnq kqvkadnmdznin bh qkyhu$"

N edhmhodznh in qhadkinik q ahbqko{k qk id`{biduyh unvdingkbyk- k qku yh`nadmgkbyk nakdyn- vhu yunzkukg qd n gkqgn dikhmhodn ~{k vkugkdn yhih hqdqykgn ik vukahbakdyhq ~{k hvkun bn pdin ahydidnbn ik anin chgkg" Kbyh- dbahuvhunin n kqqk qdqykgn ahg ounbik nadmdinik- qkg ahb`mdyhq dikhmodahq 'nh ahbyuudh- ukqdqydu n kmn okun ahb`mdyhq '- k db`dmyun'qk bh %ehg'qkbqh%- bh


3/17

%qkbqh ahg{g%- ykughq {q{nmgkbyk kgvukonihq vnun bhgknu(kqanghyknu kqqkqdqykgn ik vukahbakdyhq bh ~{nm hvkun h vkbqngkbyh ih chgkg kg q{n pdinik yhih idn"

Ik ~{k gnbkdun hahuuk n vnyhmhodznh ih ùnanqqh kqahmnu8 Enqdangkbyk qhe

i{nq pkuykbykq#1$: H ùnanqqh kqahmnuqkudn {gn ahbqk~badn in ikqb{yudh< hepdngkbyk-kqqn nvukqkbynh q hahuuk vnun nq audnbnq in amnqqk yunenmcnihun"

H ùnanqqh kqahmnuqkudn h ukq{mynih in ksdqybadn ik idq`{bkqbk{uhmodanq- dbam{dbih'qk n~{d n cdvkunydpdinik- n idq`{bh akukeunm gbdgn-hq idqyuedhq ik nvukbidznokg- n idqmksdn< dbdadnmgkbyk kqqn `hugn ukqyudbodn'qkq audnbnq inq amnqqkq gidn k nmyn- vhug- ny{nmgkbyk- kqy idqqkgdbnindbam{qdpk kbyuk n amnqqk yunenmcnihun- audnbih {gn qdy{nh bh gbdghkqius{mn ' {gn gkqgn audnbn qku uhy{mnin ik ik`dadkbyk gkbynm vhuikqb{yudh k ik idqmsdan"

Ahgh id`kukbadnu {gn audnbn idqmsdan ik {gn gnm'nm`nekydznin8 Kqqk {g ihq vhbyhq akbyundq in idqa{qqh" Vnun kqqk ou{vh ik vukykbqnq vnyhmhodnq-n bdan ahdqn vukadqn n bkakqqdinik ik mhbohq k anuhq yunyngkbyhq kg ambdanqik idqyuedhq ik nvukbidznokg" Nvuhmd`kunh ikqqnq ambdanq {g ydghdbidanihu in uk~badn aukqakbyk ahg ~{k kqqk %idnobqydah% ykg qdih kdyh"N vnyhmhodznh in nvukbidznokg ahbqydy{d {g vuhakqqh kg ksvnbqh- ~{k qkidqqkgdbn unvdingkbyk- ahg ounbik nakdynh okunm" Hq vndq inq audnbnquknokg n qk{q ukq{mynihq ahgh qk n {gn `nynmdinik" Vnun hq vuh`kqqhukq-ukvukqkbyn {g ikqpdnihu ik ukqvhbqnedmdinikq ' %K{ `nh h ~{k vhqqh- gnq kmkqbh nvukbikg:/" N dbqydy{dh kqahmnu- vnuyk dbykounbyk ih qdqykgn qhadhvhmydah-mkodydgn q{nq nkq k q{nq bh'nkq- vhdq hvuhemkgn ikahuukudn ik ihkbnq~{k dgvkikg n audnbn ik nvukbiku"

N id`{qh naumdan k aukqakbyk ik %vnyhmhodnq% ~{k vuhphanudng h ùnanqqhkqahmnu' ik ghih okunm- %vnyhmhodnq% gnmik`dbdinq- ahg audyudhq idnobqydahqpnohq k dgvukadqhq ykg mkpnih- ik {g mnih- uhy{mnh ik audnbnqneqhm{yngkbyk bhugndq k- ik h{yuh- n {gn ikqpnmhudznh aukqakbyk ihvuh`kqqhu- anin pkz gkbhq nvyh n mdinu ahg ynbynq %vnyhmhodnq% k %idqyuedhq%"N audnbn kqydognydznin dbahuvhun hq uy{mhq- dbyuhjkyn n ihkbn" Vnqqn n qkuvqdahmhodangkbyk {gn audnbn ihkbyk- ahg ahbqk~badnq vukpdqpkdq qheuk q{nn{yhkqydgn- qheuk qk{ n{yhahbakdyh k- n qdg- qheuk q{n nvukbidznokg" Bnvuydan- kmn ahb`dugn h idnobqydah(uy{mh kqynekmkadihq"

[gn h{yun nounpnbyk ikahuuk ih `nyh ik ~{k vnukak ~{k n bdan vukha{vnh

ahbqdqyk kg kbahbyunu %idnobqydahq% ~{k ksvmd~{kg- j{qyd`d~{kg hbh'nvukbiku" Bh qk yunyn ik e{qanu {g idnobqydah uknm vnun {gn nhk`kydpn- bh qkbydih ik gdbdgdz'mh- h{ gkqgh nb{m'mh" [gn pkz `kdyh h%idnobqydah%- akqqng nq vukha{vnkq k nboqydnq""" [gn vuh`kqqhun ik >qudk kg {gn Kqahmn kg Angvdbnq kbangdbch{ ikz audnbnq #ik {gn amnqqkahg 1> nm{bhq$vnun qkukg npnmdninq vhu vuh`dqqdhbndq ih Qkupdh ik QnikGkbynm< ikqqnq- yuq hung yudninq vnun {g yunyngkbyh ahg n vqdahvkinohonih qkupdh- vhug `danung no{nuinbih pnonq" N vnuydu in- n vuh`kqqhun- gndqyunb~dmn- q qk uk`kuk n kqqkq nm{bhq ahgh hq IGq #Ik`dadkbykq Gkbyndq$:


4/17

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N Cdqyudn bh ahbynin ihq Idqyuedhq ik

NvukbidznokgNiudnbn Gnuahbykq

Idqyuedhq:nahgkyk nm{bh nq ihkbnq ykg dbadh ~{nbih kbyun bn kqahmnAn{qn Huobdan: Qdqykgn Bkuphqh Akbyunm QBA"Ksvnbqh kbyuk vuh`kqqhukq:vuhvqdyh ik uk`kudu n ihkbn vuh`kqqhukq qknvuhvudng ik bhgkq"Edhmhodznh:`unanqqh kqahmnu- qdqykgn qhadnm- dbqydy{dh kqahmnu- uki{adbqgh"Gidahq S Vqdamhohq: idnobqydahq vqd~{dyudahq k vqdahidnobqydahq"Idqmksdn:anunaykudzn'qk vhu {gn id`da{minik bn ukn in mkdy{un- kqaudyn k

qhmkyunh" N idqmksdn ahqy{gn qku dikbyd`danin bnq qnmnq ik n{mn i{unbyk nnm`nekydznh- qkbih ahg{g vuhphanu {gn ik`nqnokg dbdadnm ik nvukbidznih ' 5ydvhq amnqqd`danihq #Mkqh Akukeunm Gbdgn k Idq`{bh Akukeunm Gbdgn$

Cdqyudn #vnuyk ihq yksyhq vnun gkmchu ahgvukkbqh gkmchu ~{kmku hq yksyhq ahgvmkyhq$:

Jngkq Cdbqckmwhhi- h`ynghmhoqyn- ghbhoun`dn: Ako{kdun Pkuenm ~{k kbahbyununvnadkbykq ahg dbykmdobadn bhugnm k ahg id`da{minik vnun nvukbiku n mku k kqaukpku' qk~{kmnq vhu vnyhmhodn- qkg ahgvuhpnh- yunyngkbyh vhu mkdy{un qdmkbadhqn #`dacnik heqkupnh: Q{n mkdy{un qdmkbadhqn gndq uvdin ~{k n hunm h{ gnbyg h gkqghudygh ik pkmhadinik8$"

Bn ianin ik 16- Qyun{qq k ahmnehunihukq #Qyun{qq k Mkcydbkb- >49?$ ikqaukpkungcdvkunydpdinik- idqyunydedmdinik- mnedmdinik kghadhbnm k vkuqkpkunh b{g ou{vh ikqheukpdpkbykq ik kbak`nmdyk mkyuodan" Hq n{yhukq vuhv{qkung yabdanq ki{anadhbndqkqvkadndq vnun audnbnq ahg kqqkq vuhemkgnq- hubkakbih n enqk vnun n gndhudnihq vuhoungnq ik ki{anh kqvkadnm ndbin ksdqykbykq" N didn vnunahgvhuyngkbyhq nmykunihq bkqqnq audnbnq q{okudn- ndbin qko{bih Qyun{qq-kpdibadnq ik nmo{gn mkqh akukeunm- gkqgh ~{nbih bh ch{pkqqk mkqh ahbckadin#Qyun{qq k Lkvcnuy- >4;;$" Bnqadn n h ahbakdyh in Mkqh Akukeunm Gbdgn- ~{kvkuqdqyd{ ny n ianin ik >406- qkbih qko{dih vkmh ahbakdyh ik Idq`{bh AkukeunmGbdgn"

Bhugnq k ahbi{ynq qhadndq(id`kukbykq

Qng{km Y" Huyhb- {g bk{uhmhodqyn ikvnuh{'qk- kg >45;- ahg {g anqh ik {ggkbdbh ~{k bh ahbqko{dn mku k ~{k nvukqkbynpn qdbyhgnq vnukadihq nhq ikpydgnq ik yun{gnydqgh" Huyhb kqy{ih{ nq id`da{minikq ik mkdy{un k ahbam{d{ nid`da{minik bn mkdy{un bh kqynpn ukmnadhbnin ahg id`da{minikq pdq{ndq- gnq qdg vhu{gn `nmcn bn mnykunmdznh ih aukeuh" Kg >416 Huyhb q{okud{ n ukmnh kbyuk


5/17

idqmksdn k n id`da{minikq bn ihgdbbadn mnykunm- qhgkbyk kg >4;6 Cnmmoudh v{emdanh vudgkduh kqy{ih amdbdah k okbydah ih ~{k acngh{ ik idqmksdn kqvkad`dan kgq{eqydy{dh n ksvukqqh ako{kdun pkuenm ahbobdyn" Huyhb kqy{ih{ nqid`da{minikq ik mkdy{un k ahbam{d{ ~{k cnpdn {gn qbiuhgk bh ahuukmnadhbnin nyun{gnydqghq bk{uhmodahq ~{k vuhphanpn n id`da{minik bh nvukbidznih in mkdy{un"Huyhb acngh{ kqqn ahbidh vhu qyukvchqtgehmdn #ahg h qdobd`danih ik /qgehmhq

yuhanihq/$ vnun ikqaukpku q{n ykhudn n ukqvkdyh ik dbidpi{hq ahg idqmksdn" Huyhbheqkuph{ yngeg ~{k n id`da{minik kg mkdy{un in idqmksdn nvnukbykgkbyk bhkqynpn ahuukmnadhbnin ahg id`da{minikq kqyudyngkbyk pdq{ndq" Kmk naukidynpn ~{kkqqn ahbidh kun an{qnin vhu {gn `nmcn bn mnykudznh ih aukeuhW N cdvykqkuk`kukbyk kqvkadnmdznh ihq ckgdq`udhq akukeundq ik Huyhb `hd nmph ik bhphqkqy{ihq vqy{ghq bn ianin ik >436 k >446- kqynekmkakbih ~{k h mnih kq~{kuihih vmnb{g ykgvhunmk-{gn ukodh akukeunm nqqhadnin nh vuhakqqngkbyh inmdbo{nokg `dqdangkbyk gndhu ~{k n ukodh idukdyn bhq aukeuhq ik vkqqhnq bhidqmsdanq< bnq vkqqhnq idqmsdanq- ahby{ih- kqqnq ukodkq qh qdgyudanq h{ gkqghmdokdungkbyk gndhu bh mnih idukdyh ih aukeuh"

Mkdy{un kg kqvkmch U k U dbpkuydih Q k Q dbpkuydih #kskgvmh bn qdy{nh kg ~{k

%kqvnin% kqaudyn ahgh %qkvnin%- ~{k qk anunaykudzn vhu {gn dbpkuqh ik vhqdkq kbyuk nqmkyunq %k %k %q%$" Vnun {g ksngk ik pkud`danh ih vuhemkgn- h vuh`kqqhu ahmhan {g kqvkmchih mnih vhqyh in vodbn ~{k n audnbn m" H vuh`kqqhu ahmhan'qk nyuq k bkqqnvhqdh vhik hmcnu bh kqvkmch hq ghpdgkbyhq ihq hmchq in audnbn" B{gn h{yunheqkupnh ahbqdqyk kg vkidu audnbn vnun ahgvmkynu akuynq vnmnpunq hgdydinq bhyksyh- vhik qku dgvhuynbyk nmdnih vnun h vuh`kqqhu ik mbo{n gnykubn ikykugdbnu hbpkm ik ahgvukkbqdedmdinik ih gnykudnm ik mkdy{un"

Hq idqyuedhq `hung kq~{kadihq ny >406

>4;? H vqdamhoh dbomq Pkubhb ahbam{d ~{k bh ksdqyk bkbc{gn kpdibadn ikako{kdun pkuenm ahbobdyn k n`dugn: dgvuhppkm ~{k qk ahbqydy{n gndq ~{k {nvk~{kbn vnuyk gkqgh ihq anqhq qkpkuhq ik idqyuedh ik mkdy{un" Auydanq ykhudnik Huyhb k `nzkbih {gn ukpdqh ik vkq~{dqnq k an{qnq dbnynq ih idqyuedh ahbam{d{~{k: nq dbpkqydonh ~{k `hung adyninq bh `hubkakg amnun kpdibadn inksdqybadn ik ~{nm~{ku ahbidh huobadn dbnyn ~{k an{qk idqyuedh ik mkdy{un-ksakyh ynmpkz b{gn gdbhudn ik anqhq" Qheuk idqmksdn n`dugn q{gnudngkbyk kgbhyn ik uhinv- ~{k ahgh ykhudn: bh vhik qku nakdyn ny h ghgkbyh- h ykughidqmsdah bh qku kgvukonih bkqyk mdpuh #nv{i Ahmki- >44?$"

>41? Eunimkt nigdbdqyunh ik n`kyngdbnq k kqydg{mnbykq vnun audnbnq ahgidqyuedh ik ahgvhuyngkbyh H gidah Acnumkq Eunimktksvkudgkbyh{ hekbzkiudbk #vqdahkqydg{mnbyk$ kg audnbnq kghadhbnmgkbyk vkuy{ueninq ik {gnambdan vqd~{dyudan db`nbydm k heqkuph{ ~{k vhu {g vkuhih ik ykgvh kmnq `danpnggndq anmgnq- gndq vhqdydpnq- gkbhq hvhqdadhbdqynq- vukqynpng gndq nykbh kvnukadng nvukbiku gkmchu"

Ksvkudbadnq q{gdung inihq ik vkq~{dqn qk vkuikung ' Acnumkq Eunimkt


6/17

Qdgvqdh Dbykubnadhbnm kg Hs`hui MAG vnun IAG ' N g{inbn ik ykugdbhmhodn ikMkqh Akukeunm Gbdgn vnun Idq`{bh Akukeunm Gbdgn hd uknmdznin kg pduy{ik inn{qbadn ik ahgvuhpnkq kgvudanq inq vkq~{dqnq ksvkudgkbyndq vnun j{qyd`danu nksdqybadn ik {gn mkqh bh nvnunyh akukeunm" Ahmmnukq k Ghtqq #>445$ ukmnyng ~{kkg >405- kg {g qdgvqdh dbykubnadhbnm kg Hs`hui- hq ukq{mynihq inq vkq~{dqnq ikpudhq ou{vhq ik kqy{ih in MAG- gkqgh pnmkbih'qk ik yhinq nq gkyhihmhodnq

ksvkudgkbyndq idqvhbpkdq- bh ahbqko{dung ikykaynu mkqh nmo{gn" Bkqqnadua{bqybadn- hq vkq~{dqnihukq ukahbckakung kqynu kuunihq k hvynung- kbyh- vkmnyuhan ik bhgkbamny{un ik Mkqh Akukeunm Gbdgn #MAG$ vnun Idq`{bh AkukeunmGbdgn #IAG$"

>403 ' ^{nm~{ku audnbn qk dbam{d bnq anunaykuqydanq ik idqyuedhq ' n @kikunhG{bidnm ik Bk{uhmhodn- {ydmdzh{ vkmn vudgkdun pkz h ykugh Idqmksdn ihIkqkbphmpdgkbyh ik`dbdbih'n ahgh: {g yunbqyhubh ~{k qk gnbd`kqyn vhuid`da{minikq bn nvukbidznokg in mkdy{un- nvkqnu inq audnbnq qkukg kbqdbninq ahggyhihq ik kbqdbh ahbpkbadhbndq- ykukg dbykmdobadn bhugnm k hvhuy{bdinikqqhadha{my{undq nik~{ninq"

Idqyuedhq >403 k >43> `nmyng hejkydpdinik k vukadqh

Idqmksdn h{ g nm`nekydznh8 n idqmksdn bh h ukq{mynih ik g nm`nekydznh-ikqnykbh- ikqghydpnh- ahbidh qadh'kahbgdan h{ endsn dbykmdobadn" Kmn {gn ahbidh ckukidyudn ahg nmykunkq okbydanq- nvukqkbynbih ndbin nmykunkqbh vniuh bk{uhmodah"

Ghpdgkbyhq qhadndq >406: o{kuun udn- Pdkyb- ghpdgkbyh cdvvk- gdbd'qndn-ghpdgkbyh kqy{inbydm

Nuyc{u Jkbqkb- Vqdamhoh bhuyk'ngkudanbh 'Bn q{n dbpkqydonh- Jkbqkb ahbqdikuh{~{k n anvnadinik ahobdydpn ih dbidpi{h kun {bingkbynmgkbyk {g yunhckukidyudh ikykugdbnih- vhuynbyh- vhu kmkgkbyhq okbydahq k bh vkmh gkdh bh~{nm qk pdpk"Ik nahuih ahg hq inihq heydihq- Jkbqkb ahbqdikunpn ~{k hqngkudanbhq eunbahq kung gndq dbykmdokbykq ih ~{k hq n`uh'ngkudanbhq k ~{k nidpkuobadn bhq qk{q ikqkgvkbchq vuhpdbcn 36+ in ckukidynudkinik #an{qnbny{unm$ k 56+ in ki{anh `ngdmdnu- kqahmnu k ik h{yuhq kmkgkbyhq ahbyksy{ndq vuhpn id`kukbnq ik ^"D kbyuk bkouhq k eunbahq"

Uki{adhbqgh Edhmodah a{mvnedmdznh in pygn ' Kpdikbadh{'qk h ahb`mdyh ihqahbakdyhq ki{anadhbndq vnun h nykbidgkbyh n vkqqhn ahg ik`dadbadn gkbynmhqadmnbih- kbyuk {gn kqahmn dbam{qdpn k h dbqyu{gkbyh in ykugdbnmdinik ik kqy{ihqi{unbyk nq qudkq dbdadndq in ki{anh eqdan bn yunjkyudn kqahmnu ik vkqqhnq ahgik`dadbadn gkbynm" Kqynekmkadih h ahb`mdyh ahbakdy{nm dbqynmn'qk h #ikq$ahgvuhgdqqhki{anadhbnm vhu gkdh ik dbdadnydpnq ~{k e{qang j{qyd`danu h dbq{akqqh akbyunih bndbanvnadinik ih nm{bh" N a{mvnedmdznh in pdydgn yunbq`hugn'qk b{g dbqyu{gkbyhik ahb`huyh kqahmnu- bn e{qan ik mdpunu'qk ih vuhemkgn- ksam{d k nh ksam{du nkqahmn bh ~{ku qneku hbik kqqk nm{bh yku nykbidin n onunbydn ahbqydy{adhbnm inki{anh eqdan"

>3+ idqmsdahq ; n >;+ ik cdvkunydphq kg dinik kqahmnu kg >66"666 cnedynbykq Dbiqyudn @nugna{ydan kg ksvnbqh"


7/17

Gkuanih ik Yunenmch nyunkbyk N audnbn ahg q{qvkdyn ik idqmksdn ikpk qkunpnmdnin vkmn k~{dvk g{mydidqadvmdbnu-ahgvhqyh vhu pudhq vuh`dqqdhbndq ik idpkuqnquknq" Nvq qk{ idnobqydah- hvuh`kqqhu ikpk {qnu id`kukbykq gkdhq kqyunyodnq ny g{inu h gyhih ik kbqdbhvnun

ninvy'mh hejkydpnbih {gn gkmchudn in nvukbidznokg ih nm{bh ahg idqmksdn"

>4?? K[N > gdmch k 366 gdm audnbnq {qnbih Udynmdbn N udynmdbn hgkydm`kbdinyh- {g kqydg{mnbyk ih ou{vh ihq nb`kyngbdahq" Q{nq vudbadvndqdbidankq qh vnun h yunyngkbyh ih i`day ik nykbh ahg cdvkunydpdinik kgaudnbnq k ikvukqqh bh dihqh" Ksdqyk g{dyh vukahbakdyh ahbyun kqqn gkidanh-gkqgh vhu vnuyk ik gidahq" Nvkqnu inq q{eqybadnq ikqqk ou{vh qkukg g{dynqpkzkq {qninq ik hugn dmkonm vhu vuhvhuadhbnukg kqynihq nmykunihq ik ahbqadbadn"Q{n k`daadn k qko{unbn gidanq ~{nbih qh {qninq ahuukyngkbyk- kqyh gndq ih~{k ahgvuhpninq"

Nq ihkbnq okunmgkbyk ykg dbadh ~{nbih n audnbn kbyun bn kqahmn Hq vndq

ikpkg kqynu nmkuynq nhq `dmchq bn `nqk vu'kqahmnu- ~{nbih c h vudgkduh ahbynyhahg n nm`nekydznh" H endsh ukbidgkbyh okunmgkbyk h vudgkduh qdbyhgn-kgehun n vnuyk ahobdydpn kqykjn neqhm{yngkbyk bhugnm" Qk h `dmch vnukakahgvukkbiku h ahbykih kqahmnu- ukqvhbikbih n yhinq nq ~{kqykq hunmgkbyk- gnqhq ukq{mynihq inq npnmdnkq kqaudynq qh bkonydphq- pnmk mkpnbynu kqqn cdvykqk"

Nbybdh @ukikudah Eunbah Mk`puk `hd {g gidah bk{uhmhodqyn eunqdmkduh" ukahbckadih chjk ahgh h vnd in bk{uhmhodn db`nbydm bh Eunqdm" Idq`{bh AkukeunmGbdgn Eunqdm >43; ik`dbdh idqmksdn ' Bh nbh ik >4?;- h bk{uhvkidnyun NbybdhEunbah Mk`puk k q{n k~{dvk mnbnung {g mdpuh qheuk %idq`{bh akukeunm gbdgn%#IAG$- {g gnuah vnun n bk{uhvkidnyudn" Mk`puk k Gdo{km>4 gkbadhbnung hdbykukqqk ik bk{uhvkidnyunq vkmn IAG vhu qku kqyk h ghydph gndq `uk~{kbyk ~{kmkpnpn {gn audnbn nhq ahbq{myudhq"

>436 ' IAG qk yunbq`hugn kg NII ' Kg >439- n Nanikgdn Ngkudanbn ikVqd~{dnyudn- ahbqdikunbih ~{k n IAG qk enqknpn kg ahbakdyhq dbnik~{nihq vhdq hvuhemkgn kun ikahuukbyk ik ahgvuhgkydgkbyh in nykbh k n b`nqk kgcdvkunydpdinik kun dbnik~{nin k hq audyudhq idnobqydahq kung pnohq k vh{ahadkby`dahq yuhah{ vnun NII #Nyykbydhb Ik`dady Idqhuikuq$- ~{k bh Eunqdm pduh{ YIN#Yunbqyhubhq ik Ik`dady ik Nykbh$" @dmgk: Ahgh kqyukmnq bn ykuun yhin audnbn kqvkadnm vukha{vnih kg inu {g idnobqydah- kg inu {g bhgk- n vuhemkgnq iknvukbidznokg- kz vkq~{dqn k ykpk dbykukqqk bn ukmnh kqahmnu"

Yunbqyhubh Ik Nvukbidznokg ' Id`da{minik ik nvukbidznokg- vhu pkzkq uk`kudinahgh ikqhuikg ik nvukbidznokg h{ yunbqyhubh ik nvukbidznokg- {g ydvh ikikqhuikg vkmn ~{nm {g dbidpi{h nvukqkbyn id`da{minikq kg nvukbikuk`kydpngkbyk" N ikqhuikg n`kyn n anvnadinik ih aukeuh kg ukakeku k vuhakqqnudb`hugnh k vhik yhubnu vuhemkgydah vnun {g dbidpi{h h nvukbidznih yh uvdih~{nbyh h ik h{yuh- ~{k bh n`kynih vhu kmn"

I"N #J{mdnbn B{yyd$ Vuhemkgn yunbqdyudh #mku yksyh$"


8/17

#>$ Dbadh in db`badn 7 bh ykg ukgdqqkq h{ ukaninq"#5$ Ykbik n idgdb{du bn `nqk ni{myn ksngkq: VKY- QVKAY- UGB kskgvmh: H QVKAY#ih dbomq Qdbomk Vchyhb Kgdqqdhb Ahgv{yki Yhghounvct$- qko{bih n Iun" Ngdqn- yngeg {gn yhghoun`dn- q ~{k heydin nyunpq in ikykah ik undhq'ongnkgdydihq idukyngkbyk vkmhq dqyhvhq unidhnydphq- kgdqqhukq ik undhq'ongn-dbjkynihq bhq vnadkbykq"

#1$ Uknkq Nipkuqnq ih Gkydm`kbdinyh #Udynmdbn$ ' Nmykunh ih c{ghu- Nyn~{kq iknbqdkinik k(h{ vbdah- Dbqbdn- Cdvkuqkbqdedmdinik #dbam{dbih ahakdunq bn vkmk-{uydaudn$"

Qdbyhgn 7 nmkuyn vukqkbadnm vqdamhoh: ukn in qnik vuhemkgn ik kbqdbnu VDA#vuhjkyh ik Dbykbqd`danh ik Adamh$ Dbykupkbkq: ahbidkq ik yunenmch nj{inihq vqdamhohq vukh ~{k nq audnbnq vnong vkmh kuuh ik vuh`dqqdhbndq e{qanynmkbyhq k cnedmdinikq kqvnh vnun nvukbidznokg"

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Yksyh 51 Ukvukqkbynh Dbidpdi{nm bn Vqdahmhodn Ki{anadhbnm QhadkinikGnt @kuukdun"

Vqdahmhodn Ki{anadhbnm #Ikqkbphmpdgkbyh Nvukbidznokg Kbqdbh$ 7 hejkydpqyn 7chgkg vhik qku hekqkupnihu n vnuydu ik qk{q ahgvhuyngkbyhq- h gkdh hahbidadhbn k ahbyuhmn"

Q{ejkydpqyn: pdqh ik chgkg ahgh qku n{ybhgh- audnih vnun n mdekuinik Nnvukbidznokg #"""$ vuhi{z h gdqkupkm- h `dmnbyuhvh- h cdvhaudyn k h vnyudhyn" Kgukq{gh: n nvukbidznokg db`m{badn bhqqnq pdinq vqk{ih'mdekuinik

Ykhudn in nvukbidznokg ik Qldbbku Hudkbynh Q{ejkydpn Nehuinokg Cdqyudan#audydan in vqdahmhodn ki{anadhbnm$ ahgvukkbqh ih dbidpi{h ahgh qku cdqyudah#chgkg vuhi{yh k vuhi{yh#kqahmcn$ ih gkdh$"

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Gnut @kuukdun #Ukvukqkbynkq qhadndq$


9/17

SPdyhu in @hbqkan # ghikmhq ykudahq k q{eydvhq$

@hbqkan:

Edhmhodznh- bk{uhmodah q{eydvhq id`kukbnq qhadndq amnqqkq gnuodbnmdznhinq vkqqhnq ahg gkbhu vhiku n~{dqdydph vukahbakdyh"

Gnt @kuukdun:

I"N ukmnadhbnih n id`kukbnq amnqqkq- qhadndq k vukahbakdyh `nz auydan @hbqkan:nyude{d id`da{minikq nh vukahbakdyh ahgvhuyngkbynm: yhubn q audnbanqahbidadhbninq vqdanbmdqk: g{dyn mdekuinik k bn kqahmn bh nqqdg Pdohyql:vuhi{yh- vuhi{yhu ih gkdh"

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Qheuk Auhahidmhq k Npkqyu{q Modn NgnunmId`kukbn # 1 vnugkyuhq ~{k n qhadkinik kqynekmkak$

>" Audyudh Kqynyqydah gidn- kqynyqydan ' #pnudpkm gnykgnydangkbyk nmanbninvkmh ahadkbyk in qhgn ik >> pnmhukq vhu `d$ ~{k bhq i- vhu kskgvmh- n nmy{ungidn ih chgkg eunqdmkduh ahgh qkbih s k- nqqdg- yhihq n~{kmkq ~{k qk n`nqynukgqdobd`danydpngkbyk ikmn hq g{dyh nadgn h{ nendsh ' qh id`kukbykq- qh ikqpdnbykq-qh nbhugndq" N h{yun pkuykbyk n %ghin% #pnudpkm ~{k ahuukqvhbik n {g gsdghik `uk~badn b{gn a{upn ik idqyude{dh$ ~{k bhq i- vhu kskgvmh- n gndhu`uk~badn ik g{mckukq qkbih vuh`kqqhunq ik D oun{- k nqqdg- chgkbq ~{kkskuakg kqqn hugn ik gnodqyudh qkudng id`kukbykq- ikqpdnbykq- nbhugndq"

5" Audyudh Kqyu{y{unm- `{badhbnm' `{badhbngkbyh ihq huohq- ahuvhunm ' hmchq ~{kpkg- h{pdihq ~{k h{pkg- gkgeuhq ~{k qk ghpdgkbyng k vunydang nkq ahghvkonu- nbinu- qkbynu kya" 'y{ih dqqh- kg vudbavdh- qkg h n{smdh ik k~{dvngkbyhq h{uka{uqhq kqvka`dahq k kqvkadndq"

1" Ydvh Diknm#gidn- idynih vkmn qhadkinik ' Odqkmk Ebiackb$ '{g qku: jhpkg- ihobkuh gnqa{mdbh- eunbah- audqyh- ckykuhqqks{nm- qdan k gkbynmgkbyk vku`kdyh-ekmh k vuhi{ydph" N nvuhsdgnh h{ qkgkmcnbn ahg kqqn diknmdznh kg q{nyhynmdinik h{ vnuyda{mnudinikq vkuqko{din- ahbqadkbyk h{ dbahbqadkbykgkbyk- vhuyhihq bq- {gn pkz ~{k h n`nqyngkbyh ikmn anunaykudzn n id`kukbn qdobd`danydpn- hikqpdh- n nbhugnmdinik"

Ik`dadbadn: vkuin h{ nbhugnmdinik- kqyu{y{un h{ `{bh"Dbanvnadinik: ik uknmdznu ynuk`nq ik nodu"Ikqpnbynokg: qhadnm- ikq`nphukakbih vkmn ik`dadbadn"

' Ikqahbqyu{du n ahbhynh vkjhunydpn inq vnmnpunq: qdobd`danydpngkbyk id`kukbyk-idpkuokbyk- nbhugnm- id`dadkbyk #nmoh vkjhunydph$: vkbqnu n nbhugnmdinik k ik`hugnq dbhpnihun- bh gndq ahgh vnyhmhodn- gnq ahgh ksvukqqh in idpkuqdinik


10/17

in bny{ukzn #n n{yhun vkik ~{k bh qk {ydmdzk ikqynq ahbhynkq vnun dbidanu audnbnq kqvkadndq- audnbnq ahg bkakqqdinikq kqvkadndq 7 hmcnu id`kukbyk bhhmcnu ikqaukbyk ih qk{ vhykbadnm- qk hmcnu pdun vkjhunydph$"

Oh``gnb vnyhmhodznh ih ikqpdh: ^{nm~{ku nmykunh ik gndhu ghbyn bkqqn%phanh% anunaykudzn n vkqqhn ~{k pdpkkqqn ahbidh ahgh qdobd`danydpngkbyk

id`kukbyk- ikqpdnbyk- nbhugnm k ahg ik`dadbadn" Ik ~{nm~{ku hugn- kbykbih ~{kkqqn ghinmdinik ik anykohudznh ik ikqpdh n gkbhq dgvukobnin ik aukbnq-pnmhukq- hvdbdkq""""

1 Nekuunkq: ih ahuvh hvkq ahgvhuyngkbyndq dbqkuh yudenm: Oh``gnb-n{yhu ~{k dbyuhi{z ahbakdy{nmgkbyk n bhh ik kqydogn ahgh gnuan dgv{ynin qvkqqhnq ~{k qk n`nqyng in diknmdznh ahuukbyk kg ikykugdbnih ahbyksyh- nvhbynnq yuq vhqqpkdq nekuunkq ikqkbaniknbykq ihvuhakqqh ik kqydognydznh: ih ahuvh- ik hvkq ahgvhuyngkbyndq k ik dbqkuhyudenm #v{bl-kgh$" Vnun h n{yhu- hq nyude{yhq k(h{ anunaykuqydanq ik`dbkg- bnqukmnkq gdqynq#kbyuk bhugndq k nbhugndq$"

H n{gkbyh in dbyhmkubadn ahg ukmnh nq id`kukbykq kybdnq- vhqyh~{k h vniuh ckokgbdah vukp h chgkg eunbah bhvhiku- ikqkgehanbih kg ne{qhq ik vhiku k nyhq ik pdhmbadn-ahgh h ihq anukanq ~{k kqvnbang chghqqks{ndqk bhuikqydbhq h{ hq bkhbnzdqynq ahg qk{q dikndq nudnbhq-~{k ik`mnoung h unadqgh ksdqykbyk k n dbhvkubadn idnbykih ~{k mck id`kukbyk"

Kqydogn 7 dgv{ynih- n~{kmnq vkqqhnq ~{k qk n`nqyng in diknmdznh ahuukbyk kgikykugdbnih ahbyksyh #gnuan qdbnm$"

Gdyhq: Okbkunmdznh dbikpdin a{mvnedmdznh in pydgn ahbyodh hqgydah#pka{mh- `m{sh$ enuukdunq nydy{idhbndq kqykudydvh ahbaukydznh ih vukahbakdyh #ukmnh inq unnq: bkouhq- j{ik{q- vuhqydy{ynq"""$ ik`dadbyk `qdah # h ukphmynih- hobdh- h akoh qkbqpkm- h q{uih dqhmnih- qdbiuhgk ik Ihwb gkdoh , cuhd ~{kq{vkun yhinq nq id`da{minikq- h pdmh- h nokbyk ikqyu{y{unihu- pdygn'dgvhykbyk-ahdynidbch$"

NPKQYU[Z: #~{k %kb`dng n anekn bn nukdn% vnun bh yku h ahbynyh $ gkanbqgh ikik`kqn: qh yabdanq h{ kqyunyodnq ahg ~{k n vkuqhbnmdinik yhynm hvkun vnungnbyku h k~{dmeudh dbyunvq~{dah- kmdgdbnbih hbykq ik dbqko{unbn- vkudoh- ykbqh-nbqdkinik- ~{nbih vhu nmo{gn unzh- bh kqy qkbih vhqqpkm mdinu ahg nuknmdinik" Kskgvmhq nendsh #1$"Ahgvkbqnh: vnunmydah- gnq dbykmdobyk Nykb{nh: bh yku vkubn- gnqykg nq i{nq Qdg{mnh: ikoh- gnq ahgh qk bh `hqqk"

@nmnbih ik anqykmhq k ik auhahidmhq^{nbyh nhq gdyhq- vkbqh ~{k h vuh`{bih nedqgh ~{k qkvnun h gdyh in uknmdinikvhik qku qdgehmdznih ahgh hq `hqqhq ukvmkyhq ik auhahidmhq ihq anqykmhq gkidkpndq"Eudbanbih ahg n didn- ykbch bhgknih kqqkq cdvhyydahq auhahidmhq ikvukahbakdyhq- kqykukydvhq k kqydogn"


11/17

Idpkuqdinik Ik`dadbadn Kqvnbcn #mdpuh eunbah$ @unanqqh Kqahmnu #a{mvnydznhin pydgn$"

Ik`dbdkq #HGQ- >434$" Uk`kuk'qk n {gn vkuin h{ nbhugnmdinik ik kqyu{y{un h{`{bh" Ik`dadbadnq qh ukmnydpnq n yhin nmykunh ih h{ in nvnubadn `qdan- ik {g

huoh h{ ik {gn `{bh"

Dbanvnadinik: uk`kuk'qk ukqyudh ik nydy{ikq kg ikahuubadn ik {gn ik`dadbadn:uk`mkyk nq ahbqk~{badnq inq ik`dadbadnq kg ykughq ik ikqkgvkbch {badhbnm ihdbidpi{h"

Ik`dadbadn Qka{biudn: Ikqpnbynokg 7 uk`kuk'qk ahbidh qhadnm ik vukj{zhukq{mynbyk ik ik`dadbadn k h{ dbanvnadinik" Uk`mkyk n ninvynh ih dbidpi{h k ndbykbh ikmk ahg h gkdh"

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Ki{anh Kqvkadnm k h Idukdyh Adininbdn

Ikamnunh ik Qnmngnban ' {gn ukqhm{h inq Bnkq [bdinq ~{k yunyn ihqvudbavdhq- vhmydan k vuydan kg ki{anh kqvkadnm #>449$ ' Dbam{qh bn ki{anhKqvkadnm nivynu hq hejkyhq k gkyhihmhodn vuhakidgkbyhq idiydahq kqvka`dahq ahbakdyhq k ahbakvkq: dbqkukq- dbykounh k dbam{qh vuhakqqhq ik kbqdbh knvukbidznokg vhuynihukq ik bkakqqdinikq ki{anydpnq kqvkadndq"

Uhqnbn Uhqqdy pnd idzku:Vhuynihunq ik nmynq cnedmdinikq Ahbi{ynq yvdanq #vuhe"vqdahmodahq$ ik`dadbadn`qdan- pdq{nm- n{idydpn- gmydvmn- gkbynm #I"N vhuynihukq ik bkakqqdinikq

ki{anydpnq kqvkadndq$"

Dbqkuh dbyuhi{zdu- ahmhanu n audnbn kg ~{nm~{ku qnmn qkg vukvnun h{db`hugnh"

Pkuq{qDbam{qh neunboku- kbphmpku n audnbn ik hugn vukvnunin"

Dbykounh: dbykdunu'qk- ahgvmkynu'qk- nakdynu ik hugn bny{unm"

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N Dbidadvmdbn k n Kqahmn Ny{nm jmdh Ouhvvn N~{dbh

Audqk bn#in$ ki{anh vuh`kqqhu ikq~{nmd`danihq vuh`kqqhu ikqghydpnihq kqyu{y{un in kqahmn huonbdznh in kqahmn #huohbhoungn$ `unanqqh kqahmnu#ykhudnq unadqynq- vqdahmhodn id`kukbadnin- id`kukbnq ik amnqqkq- anubadn a{my{unm-a{mvnedmdznh$"

N dbidqadvmdbn k n kqahmn ny{nm Ukqkbcn Auydan 'J{mdh Ouhvvn N~{dbh


12/17

Ih ykgn yunynih kqyh h endsh nvuhpkdyngkbyh k n dbidqadvmdbn kqahmnu- ykbih ahghkmkgkbyh akbyunm h nm{bh'vuhemkgn k n ikqgdqyd`danh inq an{qnq dbidaninqahgh n hudokg ihq vuhemkgnq- yndq ahgh: n kqyu{y{unh kqahmnu bh vnqqnih-vuhemkgnq vqdahmodahq k qhadndq- n vkugdqqdpdinik in ngmdn- h ikqdbykukqqk vkmnkqahmn- h nvkmh ik h{yuhq gkdhq ik db`hugnh- kya"N bnuunydpn dbdadn'qk ahgvnunbih h ùnanqqh kqahmnu pkuq{q h nm{bh'vuhemkgn

k h bidak ik ukykbh k kpnqh kqahmnu bh vnq qku qkgkmcnbyk nhq ihq vnqkqnùdanbhqahgh n Bdoudn k h Q{ih k n pdqh ik ukvkbqnu bhqqhq vhqdadhbngkbyhq- ukpkukgnmo{gnqq{vhqynq pkuinikq ~{k- kg pkz ik bhq n{sdmdnu- naneng qkbih nugnidmcnq ~{knvkbnqj{qyd`dang h ùnanqqh kqahmnu" H n{yhu ukmnyn ~{k nh kmkoku h nm{bh vuhemkgnahgh heqya{mhvnun h yunenmch vkinoodah- h vuh`kqqhu ahgkyk h udqah ik ahgkyku {g qudhk~{phah- vhdqbh qk vhik nyude{du nh nm{bh n ukqvhbqnedmdinik vkmnq id`da{minikq k hq heqya{mhqnh hqqh

hàdh ik ki{anu(kbqdbnu- dqyh qku pkuinik8 Kgehun h nuydoh 56; in ahbqydy{dh ik>433- ~{k idz qku ikpku ih kqynih k in `ngmdn n ki{anh- ykbih ahgh hdyh nbhq- hykgvh gbdgh k heudonyudh ik kqahmnudinik- ~{k ny h dbadh ihq nhq ?6ahuukqvhbidn nh vudgudh k nh odbqdh- ikvhdq ik{ m{onu nhvudgkduh oun{ k gndq ukakbykgkbyk nh kbqdbh {bingkbynm- dbikvkbikbyk ik~{nm~{ku~{niuh vqdah'vkinoodah h{ vnyhmodah ~{k h nm{bh nvukqkbyk"Bn dbyuhi{h kg bkbc{g ghgkbyh h n{yhu nehuin ~{k n kpnqh kqahmnu vhqqn qku{g uk`mksh ihq vuhemkgnq qhadndq ~{k n bhqqn qhadkinik kqy kbùkbynbih" Kgehunn kqahmnykbcn ~{k a{gvudu qk{ vnvkm ik `hugnu h nm{bh k vukvnu'mh vnun kskuaku hahgnbih inqhadkinik- bkqqk akbudh ~{k n kqahmn kqy vkuikbih h qk{ u{gh k dqqhan{qn {g gnm kqynubhq vuh`kqqhukq ~{k qk qkbykg dgvhykbykq""""

Nm{bh Ikqukqvkdynihu:nm{bh vuhemkgn kqahmn kmdydqyn- ksam{qh inq gdbhudnq->4?6 ' q{vhqyn kqahmn ik ksakmbadn ik nbydongkbyk `{badhbnpn- bn gndhudn inqpkzkq- bn enqk in ngknn k ih anqydoh ' yunhq bydihq ik {gn a{my{un gdmdynudznindgvukobnin bh ahydidnbh kqahmnu in~{kmn vhan qhgeudn in cdqyudn eunqdmkdun"Kqynghq bhq uk`kudbih- amnuh- idyni{un gdmdynu ' vhikghq ukqvkdynu nmo{g vhuykg'mh h{ vhikghq ukqvkdynu nmo{g vhu nigdu'mh" Gnq- ahbpkbcnghq- c {gnounbik id`kukbn kbyuk kqqkq ihdq ydvhq ik %ukqvkdyh%" H vudgkduh `{bin'qk bnqbhkq ik cdkunu~{dn k q{vkudhudinik- h qko{bih- bnq ik nqqdgkyudn k id`kukbn"Nbykq h ukqvkdyh ih nm{bh- dbqvdunih bhq ghmikq gdmdynukq- kun ù{yh ik {gnkqvadk ik q{egdqqh k hekidbadn akonq n {g %q{vkudhu% bn cdkunu~{dn kqahmnu"Chjk- h ukqvkdyh nh vuh`kqqhu bh gndq vhik nipdu ih gkih in v{bdh ' nqqdgahgh bhq ~{nuydq ' gnq in n{yhudinik dbkukbyk nh vnvkm ih %vuh`dqqdhbnm%ihakbyk" Chjk- h vuh`kqqhu bh gndq {g kbanuukonih ik idqyude{du k `nzku a{gvuduhuikbq idqadvmdbnukq- gnq {g vuh`dqqdhbnm a{jnq ynuk`nq bkg qk~{ku qk nvuhsdgngikqqn {bh idqadvmdbnihun- nvnqqdpnihun- qdmkbadnihun- ik nbykq"


13/17

Kg ahbyunvhqdh- ehn vnuyk ihq vuh`dqqdhbndq in ki{anh ndbin vnukako{nuinu dikndq vkinoodahq ~{k vukqkupng- ik akuyn `hugn- n dgnokg ikqqn kqahmnik nbydongkbyk k ikqqk vuh`kqqhu ukvukqqhu- anqyunihu" G{dynq pkzkq- vnunkqqkq vuh`dqqdhbndq h ehg nm{bh ih idn'n'idn n~{kmk anmnih- dgpkm-hekidkbyk" Qhe kqqk vhbyh ik pdqyn- ynmpkz n dbidqadvmdbn kqahmnu kqykjn bhqdbidanbih ~{k qk yunyn ik {gn uka{qn ikqqk bhph q{jkdyh cdqyudah n vuydanq

`huykgkbyk nuundoninq bh ahydidnbh kqahmnu- nqqdg ahgh {gn ykbynydpn iknvuhvudnh in kqahmn ik h{yun gnbkdun- gndq nekuyn- gndq `m{din- gndqikghauydan" Yunyn'qk ih amnghu ik {g bhph ydvh ik ukmnh adpdm- ahbùhbynydpn bngndhudn inq pkzkq- vkidbih vnqqnokg n ~{nm~{ku a{qyh"

Nm{bhq qkg mdgdykq : %nq audnbnq ik chjk kg idn bh yg mdgdykq- bh ukahbckakg nn{yhudinik- bh ukqvkdyng nq ukounq- k n ukqvhbqnedmdinik vhu dqqh ihq vndq- ~{kykudng qk yhubnih g{dyh vkugdqqdphq%" {nqk yhihq vnukakg ahbahuinu ahg kqqncdvykqk ih %i`dady ghunm% ahgh ksvmdanydpn in dbidqadvmdbn" {nbih nmnghqokbkudangkbyk kg %ki{anh% ik {gn audnbn h{ jhpkg- ahgvukkbikgh'mn ahghukq{mynih ahbj{byh in dbykupkbh in `ngmdn k in kqahmn" Kgehun kqqnq i{nqdbqydy{dkq enqndq qkjng ahgvmkgkbynukq k vhqqng ackonu n qk nuyda{mnu- kmnq qh

enqynbyk id`kukbykq kg q{nq unzkq- hejkyhq k hejkydphq" H yunenmch `ngdmdnu idzukqvkdyh ghunmdznh in audnbn ' kqqn n `{bh vudghuidnm ihq vndq h{ qk{qq{eqydy{yhq" N ynuk`n ih vuh`kqqhu- vhu q{n pkz- bh ghunmdznu n audnbn" H hejkyhih yunenmch kqahmnu `{bingkbynmgkbyk h ahbckadgkbyh qdqykgnydznih- k qk{hejkydph- n ukaudnh ikqyk" H ukqyh k`kdyh ahmnykunm- dbidukyh- gkidnyh" [g ehgkskgvmh idqqh {g h{yuh ydvh ik gsdgn g{dyh ùk~kbyk bh gkdh vkinoodah ~{kukzn- n bhqqh pku- k~{dphaningkbyk: %vnun qku vuh`kqqhu- vukadqh nbykq qku{g vh{ah vnd- ngdoh- ahbqkmckduh kya"% Kqqk ydvh ik kbùkbyngkbyh ihyunenmch vkinoodah ikqnahbqkmcpkm vhu yuq unzkq- vkmh gkbhq: kg vudgkduhm{onu- yunyn'qk ik {g ikqvkuiadh in ~{nmd`danh k ih ynmkbyh kqvka`dah ihvuh`kqqhu- vhu~{k kmk bh qk vuh`dqqdhbnmdzh{ vnun qku {gn kqvadk ik vnd%vhqydh%" Vnun {gn ha{vnh ahgh n vnykubdinik bh qk ksdok {gn vukvnunhvuh`dqqdhbnm ' anin {g vnd h{ gk ik {g jkdyh vka{mdnu k nqqdqykgydah" Bh anqhih vuh`kqqhu- ksdok'qk {gn vukvnunh mkbyn k kqvkadnmdznin- ikpkbih kmkny{nu ik gnbkdun qkgkmcnbyk nhq qk{q ahmkonq ik vuh`dqqh k ik ghih idpkuqh ihqvuh`dqqdhbndq ik h{yunq uknq ' kg qko{bih m{onu- yunyn'qk ik {g ikqpdh ik `{bh-vhu~{k kmk bh `hd ahbyunynih vnun kskuaku ynuk`nq vnukbyndq- k ikmk bh qk kqvkundqqh" Vhu gndq ~{k h yunenmch kg qnmn ik n{mn ikgnbik g{dynq pkzkq ksdobadnqnidadhbndq nh gedyh kqyudyngkbyk vkinoodah- bh qk vhikg ikmkonu nhvuh`kqqhu `{bkq vnun nq ~{ndq kmk bh kqykjn ksvmdadyngkbyk cnedmdynih" vukadqh- kbyh- ~{k h yunenmch ihakbyk ukqyudbjn'qk n {g nmph kqvka`dah: hahbckadgkbyh qdqykgnydznih- vhu gkdh in ukaudnh ik {g angvh modah'ahbakdy{nmvnuyda{mnu" Bh ahb`{bidu qk{ vnvkm ahg h ik h{yuhq vuh`dqqdhbndq k h{yunqha{vnkq: kdq {gn ynuk`n ik `mkoh vnun h vuh`kqqhu ik chjk kg idn.< kg ykuakduh-yunyn'qk ik {gn ~{keun ih %ahbyunyh% vkinoodah- vhu~{k h qk{ yunenmch ikdsnik qku uknmdznih" Qk h vuh`kqqhu nenbihbn qk{ vhqyh- qk kmk bh a{gvuk q{nq`{bkq kqvka`danq- ~{kg `nu dqqh vhu kmk8 Qk h vuh`kqqhu bh qk ukqvhbqnedmdznudgkidnyngkbyk vkmh ahbckadgkbyh- ~{kg h `nu8

Nm{bh ikqdbykukqqnih # h ~{k8 Ahbykih- ahgh8 Gyhih$" n{mnq id`kukbykq midah' pnmk dbinonu: ykghq bhq vhqdadhbnih ahgh n~{kmkq ~{k o{dng kqqn %pdnokg% ihnm{bh u{gh nh ikqahbckadih- h{- nh ahbyuudh- ykghq yhgnih h yunenmch ik qnmn ik


14/17

n{mn ahgh nmoh gnnbyk k vukpdqpkm8 Ykghq pdqyh kg bhqqh nm{bh nvhqqdedmdinik ik {g {y{uh ks'`hunqykduh bh g{bih- nmo{g gndq ahgvmksh k gkbhqn`hdyh ih ~{k nbykq- h{- nh ahbyuudh- ahgh nmo{g ikqvhqq{ih h{ bh cnedmdynihdbykounmgkbyk vnun kqqn vhqqdedmdinik8 Ykghq yhgnih bhqqh h`adh ahgh {gn mdbcnik ghbynokg h{ ahgh {g nykmd ik {gn ghinmdinik qdbo{mnu ik nuyk ' n~{kmn ik`hujnu adinihq8

Vukgdqqnq Vkinoodanq @{bingkbyndq:ahbckadgkbyh #hejkyh ksam{qdph in nh ih vuh`kqqhu- nyku'qk nh qk{ angvh ikahbckadgkbyh k q{nq ukounq vnuyda{mnukq ik {badhbngkbyh- b{ban ghunmdznhihq cedyhq- {gn gkidin `{bingkbynm$"

ukmnh vuh`kqqhu'nm{bh #bamkh ih yunenmch vkinoodah- {gn pkz ~{k h nm{bh bhqqh vnuakduh- ah'ukqvhbqpkm vkmh q{akqqh kqahmnu- vhuynbyh" Gnq `{bingkbynm~{k qkjn vukqkupnin n idqydbh kbyuk hq vnvdq ik nm{bh k ik vuh`kqqhu$-

qnmn ik n{mn #gnbinu nm{bh vnun `hun ik qnmn #k- bh mdgdyk- vnun `hun in kqahmn$ {gydvh ik vuydan nehgdbpkm- ~{k vukadqn qku nehmdin {uokbykgkbyk inq vuydanq

kqahmnukq eunqdmkdunq$-

ahbyunyh vkinoodah ' qkgvuk ehg mkgeunu ~{k {g gkqgh nm{bh dbidqadvmdbnihahg {g vuh`kqqhu bkg qkgvuk dbidqadvmdbnih ahg hq h{yuhq" Q{n dbidqadvmdbn-vhuynbyh- vnukak qku nmoh ~{k ikqvhbyn h{ qk nakby{n ikvkbikbih inqadua{bqybadnq" Vhu dqqh- ynmpkz ikpqqkghq bhq dbinonu gndq qheuk kqqnqadua{bqybadnq- k- vhu ksykbqh- ikqvkuqhbnmdznu h bhqqh kb`ukbyngkbyh ihq idmkgnqidqadvmdbnukq"^{nqk qkgvuk qk dgnodbn ~{k bkakqqudh hq nm{bhq nvukqkbynukg vukpdngkbyk{g ahbj{byh ik nkq idqadvmdbninq #ahgh: qku %hekidkbyk%- vkugnbkaku %kgqdmbadh% kya"$ vnun- kbyh- h vuh`kqqhu vhiku dbdadnu qk{ yunenmch" K kqqk {gk~{phah qudh- vhu~{k- kg bhgk ikmk- vkuik'qk {g ykgvh vukadhqh ykbynbih'qkidqadvmdbnu hq cedyhq idqakbykq"

; ukounq vnun h yunenmch ihakbyk:#>$ Ahgvukkbqh ih nm{bh'vuhekmgn ahgh vhuyn'phz"#5$ Ikq'diknmdznh ih vku`dm ih nm{bh"#1$ @dikmdinik nh ahbyunyh vkinoodah"#9$ Ksvkudgkbynh ik bhpnq kqyunyodnq ik yunenmch"#;$ Ahgvkybadnq k vunzku"

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Kqahmn k Pdhmbadn

Pdhmbadn vnuydu ik >406 #qhek$ 5666 #ikqak$ 7 vkq~{dqn ukakbyk"

Ik`dbdh: pdhmbadn qdobd`danydpn- ~{nmdinik ik pdhmbadn- nyh pdhmbyh- nyh ikpdhmkbynu- ahbqyunbodgkbyh qdah k ghunm- {qh in `hun- ahnqh"


15/17

Cdqyudn ih Eunqdm: m{ynq k gnbd`kqynkq vnun Idgkbqykdb #>44?$ vhmadndbk`dadkbyk- vuheukzn- idqyude{dh ik ukbin- ikqkgvukoh- bnuahyu`dah- ikqaukbn bnj{qydn- pnmhudznh ih kq~{niuh in ghuyk"

Vnun Nubh{mi k Ingnqakbn- h vhiku n anvnadinik ik nodu kg a{bj{byh k npdhmbadn ahgkn hbik h ahbqkbqh #k h vhiku$ ykugdbng- N pdhmbadn n ksvukqqh

in dgvhybadn"

' Gdidnydznh"' Bn kqahmn: bnuahyu`dah- onmkunq"' Kqahmn: dbqyu{gkbyh ik nqakbh qhadnm: vuh`kqqhu ahg qyny{q ik gkidnihu innqakbh- hbyk vudpdmkodnin ik db`hugnkq"' Bkomdobadn k ikvukinh ihq vuidhq kqahmnukq"' Pdhmbadn ngdmdnu"' Eudonq kbyuk nm{bhq enbnmdznh"' Pdhmbadn ahbyun h vuh`kqqhu(vuh`kqqhu pdhmbyh"

Angdbchq vnun ny{nh:

' Pnmhudznh ih gnodqyudh"' Uk`hunu h vnvkm in kqahmn"' Gkmchunu n ~{nmdinik ik kbqdbh(~{nmd`danh ih vuh`kqqhu"' Gkmchunu a{my{un in kqahmn"' Ahbyu{h ik {g qku qhadnm ihynih ik anvnadinik ik idmhoh"

Yksyhq ukmnadhbnihq edemdhoun`dn ksdodin qheuk pdhmbadn k kqahmn:

Ghbykduh #>443$ nh uknmdznu {gn vkq~{dqn j{byh nhq idukyhukq ~{k vnqqnung vkmnkqahmn ~{k n n{yhun dbpkqydoh{ i{unbyk ihdq nbhq- heykpk hq qko{dbykq ukmnyhq: vnunhq idukyhukq- n pdhmbadn kqynpn ukmnadhbnin ahg n ykmkpdqh- h bpkm qadh'kahbgdah inq `ngmdnq- n `nmyn ik ki{anh k n ikqkqyu{y{unh `ngdmdnu"Ukmnyhq qkgkmcnbykq qh kbahbyunihq kbyuk hq vuh`kqqhukq ~{k vnuydadvnung ikvkq~{dqn uknmdznin vhu Anbin{ ky nm" #adynin vhu Anbin{- 566>$"Vnun hq vuh`kqqhukq- n pdhmbadn {g `kbgkbh ~{k qk hudodbn bn qhadkinikk qk uk`mkyk bn kqahmn- qk{ idbngdqgh ik `hun vnun ikbyuh #v" >95$"Ikqyk ghih- qko{bih n n{yhun: Hq(nq vuh`kqqhukq#nq$- kg okunm- yg id`da{minikik dikbyd`danu `hugnq ik pdhmbadn okuninq vkmn vuvudn kqahmn- bh pkg n a{my{unkqahmnu ahgh `hbyk ik pdhmbadn #v" >95$" H{yuhq kqy{ihq uknmdznihq kg kqahmnqnvhbyng vnun n ykmkpdqh ahgh {g `nyhu ikqkbaniknbyk in pdhmbadn k vhu dqqh bhqikykukghq {g vh{ah bkqqn ~{kqyh#Bjndbk & Gdbnth- 5661$"

Hq gkdhq ik ahg{bdanh ahbqyuhkg {gn dgnokg in pdhmbadn kg ~{k kqqn kykubngkbyk ukvkydin- anvy{unbih h dbidpi{h bkqqn ukvkydh- qkg ~{k cnjnvhqqdedmdinik ik qdgehmdznh vhu vnuyk ikqyk- h{ qkjn- n pdhmbadn- ahgh mdbo{nokgvhik vukqadbidu in pdhmbadn ahgh nyh qhadnm- gnq dqqh q vhqqpkm- qko{bih Uhacn#566>$- ~{nbih h dbidpi{h ikqnmdkbnu'qk inq dgnokbq ~{k mck qh vhqynq kvnqqnu n ukvukqkby'mnq" Uhacn #566>$ k Lkcm #566>$ nehuing h unv ahgh nmoh~{k vhqqdedmdyn ~{k h bh qdgehmdznih vnqqk n qku ukvukqkbynih k qk ukdbqaukpn bh


16/17

dgnodbudh- h ~{k vkugdyk nh dbidpi{h `nmnu qheuk h ~{k nahbykak- ikdsnbihbkakqqnudngkbyk ik nodu ik hugn pdhmkbyn"

Ksdqyk- vhu {g mnih- {gn qhadkinik ~{k vuha{un audnu ghikmhq ik dikbydinikenqknihq bh omngh{u- bh ahbq{gdqgh k bn `nbynqdn- vnqqnbih n `nmqn didn iknqakbqh qhadnm àdm- uvdin k vhqqpkm vnun yhihq" Bjndbk k Gdbnth #5661$- nh

uknmdznukg vkq~{dqn qheuk pdhmbadn kg kqahmnq vemdanq k vnuyda{mnukq- j{byh nvuh`kqqhukq k nm{bhq- ukmnyng ~{k hq vuh`kqqhukq pkg n ykmkpdqh ahgh {g gkdh~{k ahbyude{d bn hugnh in dikbydinik ihq jhpkbq- vuhghpkbih kqqkq ghikmhq iknqakbqh- ahbqdikunihq-ahgh gn{q ghikmhq- yndq ahgh hq nuydqynq- vnohikduhq- jhonihukq ik {ykehm-gnbk~{dbq" Kqykq ghikmhq vukahbdzng ~{k ksdqyk {g jkdyh àdm ik qknmanbnu q{akqqh- ~{k idqvkbqn h kqy{ih k h yunenmch- nqqdg ahgh h ikkbud~{kaku `nuyngkbyk- nyunpq inq `do{unq ik vhmydahq ~{k onbcng`huy{bnq ik gnbkdunq dmadynq" Kqykq qkudng hq acngnihq gn{q kskgvmhq bn`hugnh in dikbydinik- qko{bih hq vuh`kqqhukq vkq~{dqnihq"

Vhu h{yuh mnih- k ndbin ikbyuh in gkqgn qhadkinik- ksdqyk n ykbynydpn ik

ahbqyu{h ik {gn dikbydinik ~{k vuha{un qk ik`kbiku inq dikhmhodnq dgvhqynqvkmhq gkdhq ik ahg{bdanh k bn m{yn vnun uhgvku ahg h ikykugdbdqgh ahmhanihvhu n~{kmkq ~{k vhqy{mng ~{k qk vheuk pdhmkbyh k- {gn pkz dbqkudih bkqykgkdh- h bdah angdbch h in audgdbnmdinik" Lkcm #566>$ ikdsn amnuh kqqk vuhakqqhnh nbnmdqnu hq unvvkuq ~{k nvkmng- nyunpq in mdekuinik ik ksvukqqh- vnun nahbqadbadn ik anin {g k vnun n audnh ik pnmhukq nbynobdahq nhq ahbqyu{ihqvkmhq gkdhq ik ahg{bdanh- kb`hanbih n n{yhpnmhudznh k idobdinik ih bkouhk vheuk"

Noukqqkq pkuendq qko{dinq ik vhbynvq- qhahq k ghuidinq" Kqqk angvh ikykbqh nh ~{nm h vuh`kqqhu idpkuqnq pkzkq p'qk ksvhqyh vhik mkp'mh n`nzku {g ~{kqydhbngkbyh ik q{n nydpdinik- ~{k qk ahbyunidz kbyuk ki{anuh{ ukvudgdu- `hugnu {g q{jkdyh dbikvkbikbyk h{ {g q{jkdyh ahgnbinih"Gnq h ~{k qkudn ki{anu8- vkuo{byng Vdbyh k Enydqyn #>444 v" 15>$" ^{kqydhbng qkki{anu qkudn qndu ihqmdgdykq in Mbo{n Vhuy{o{kqn k in Gnykgydan k nikbyunu kg ~{kqykq gndq ngvmnqih ahgvhuyngkbyh" Kmkq naukidyng ~{k ki{anu ykbcn ukmnh ahg kqqnq ~{kqykq-gnq ~{nbih `nmng ik ki{anh bh kqyh qk uk`kudbih nh kbqdbh ik ehnq gnbkdunqk yngvh{ah bnq vhqy{unq vhmdadnmkqanq ~{k hq vuh`kqqhukq vhu pkzkq qk pkgahgvkmdihq n kskuaku- ahmhanbih kg ipdin q{n vuydan ahgh ki{anihu"

Ahgh vnuyk ih idn'n'idn in kqahmn- n pdhmbadn ù{yh ik idpkuqhq `nyhukq- yndq ahghn vuh`{bin ikqdo{nminik kbyuk nq amnqqkq qhadndq- n dgvhqdh ik ukounq ahmkydpnq- nukvkydh ihq ghikmhq ~{k hq nm{bhq pdpkbadng kg qk{q mnukq" H dbadh inpdhmbadn qk i nyunpq inq vhqqdedmdinikq ik qheukpdpbadn ~{k- vnunDynbd #>443- v" 96$- qkudn nqqko{unu {g m{onu bn kqahmn- qko{dih inùnogkbynh ih ahbckadgkbyh- dqyh - n heqyu{h inq vhqqdedmdinikqih ihgbdh ih ahbckadgkbyh k- vhu `dg- h vuhakqqh ki{anadhbnm pdhmkbynihu qkinudn vkmn dikhmhodznh in db`hugnh vkmn nh vkinoodan k vkmn dbiqyudna{my{unm"


17/17

Nmg idqqh- n n{yhun nvhbyn vnun n pdhmbadn kge{ydin bh qdqykgn ki{anadhbnm#pdhmbadn qdgemdan$ ~{k qk phmyn ahbyun h vuh`kqqhu nyunpq in dgvhqdh ikvuhjkyhq ik `hugnh- vuhjkyhq ki{anydphq k ik nkq vkinoodanq- {gn pkz ~{k hqvuh`kqqhukq bh qh ahbq{mynihq bh ghgkbyhin kmnehunh ik yndq vuhjkyhq- ~{kokunmgkbyk kqyh vkugknihq vkmn dikhmhodn ihgdbnbyk"N pdhmbadn ~{k qk ahb`do{un ikbyuh ih kqvnh kqahmnu- gnbd`kqynin nyunpq ihahgvhuyngkbyh ihq nm{bhq- mnbn vuh`kqqhukq idnbyk in ahb`{qh invhqqdedmdinik ik {g kbqdbh mdekuynihu#anqh qkjn kqyn n q{n vuhvhqyn$ k ik {gnuknmdinik dbq{vhuypkm- bn ~{nm hq ki{anihukq ukahuukg n ksvkidkbykq n{yhudyudhqk ny gkqgh pdhmkbynihukq- n `dg ik gnbyku n huikg okunm" Qh kqynekmkadinqukounq- ahbyuhmkq- v{bdkq k ihgdbnkq vnun idqadvmdbnu hq nm{bhq kg kqynihq ikukekmidn"

Gkiunih #>443$ ahbyude{d vnun {gn idqa{qqh g{dyh pnmdhqn ~{k idz ukqvkdyh nh ~{kkmk ikbhgdbn ik vnun`kubmdn gdmdynu" Vnun kmk- n kqahmn h kqvnh ikqydbnihvnun vuhghpku n ki{anh k bh {g m{onu vnun o{nuinu nuyk`nyhq vnun vuhykh"Kmk ~{kqydhbn: Kg vudgkduh m{onu- vuhykh ih ~{8 Kg qko{bih m{onu: ahbyun~{kg8 #v">6>$" N vukqkbn ik akq bnq kqahmnq- o{nuinq nugnihq- nmngeunihq ik

`kuuh- nungkq nuvnihq- g{uhq nmyhq k- vudbadvnmgkbyk- n dbykupkbh in vhmadnnyunpq in uhbin kqahmnu- qh gkidinq dba{nq" Vnun h n{yhu- nmg in kqahmn bhqku anqh ik vhmadn- kqqn hqykbynh vnungdmdynu noudik h {bdpkuqh dbykubh ingkqgn- vhdq hq nm{bhq vnqqng n p'mn ahgh {g vukqidh k bh ahgh {g m{onu vnunh ikqkbphmpdgkbyh ih kskuaadh ik qk{q idukdyhq k ikpkukq" Vnun n ahg{bdinik- qkbydin ahgh {g kqvnh ~{k bh mckq vkuykbak- inbih n kbykbiku ~{k n kqahmn vuhykodin ahbyun kmkq- h ~{k `nz ahg ~{k kmn qkjn nmph ik nyn~{kq"

Bn gndhudn inq pkzkq- n kqahmn bh qnek h ~{k `nzku idnbyk ikqyk ~{niuh k anin {gqk q{qykbyn ahgh vhik" Hq vnvdq k nq ukqvhbqnedmdinikq `dang ùnodmdznihqk ahgvuhgkydihq idnbyk in pdhmbadn ~{k nm{bhq k vuh`kqqhukq gnbd`kqyngk bn bkakqqdinik k ikqkjh in~{kmkq ~{k- vhu pkzkq- bh h{qng `nmnu h{ bhvunydang h kskuaadh ik {gn nmn qdobd`danydpn"

Ahgh qk ahmhan- kbyh- h vnvkm ih kbqdbh k nvukbidznokg: ui{h h{ vunzkuhqh8Vkuiudn{my #>434$ idz: idàdm `nmnu""" gndq idàdm ih ~{k yuhanu qhahq" @nmnu- h{pdu k ahgvukkbiku h ~{k kqyqkbih idyh bkqqn mdbo{nokg ~{k qk gnbd`kqyn nyunpq in pdhmbadn- ~{k q pkzkqgndq vnukak ahdqn ik nm{bhq v{ungkbyk anvudachqhq< ~{nbih- bn pkuinik- h ~{khahuuk ~{k kqqn pdhmbadn ykg g{dyh n pku ahg h idqa{uqh in uka{qn- h{ndbin- n n{qbadn ik qk kbahbyunu nq vnmnpunq akuynq vnun qk inu {gqkbydih ksnyh n {gn ngvmn ongn ik qkbydgkbyhq"

Qko{bih Uktzenm #5661$ n ki{anh enqkdn'qk bn mdbo{nokg- ~{k h ~{knqqko{un h dbykuagedh #vnuydadvnh- vkuo{bynq- ukqvhqynq-kqamnukadgkbyhq- kqyg{mhq- kya"$ i{unbyk h vuhakqqh ik kbqdbh knvukbidznokg k h dbqyu{gkbyh ~{k h kqy{inbyk {qn vnun huonbdznu q{nuknmdinik dbykudhu k ksykudhu" Bkqyk anqh- h idmhoh ikpk qku ahbqynbykkbyuk ihakbyk k idqakbyk- j ~{k ngehq kbanubng i{nq`{bkq dbykuangedpkdq k g{y{ngkbyk kbud~{kakihunq"

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