TG - Edited_Final

7/26/2019 TG - Edited_Final

1/112

THIAGO DE MACEDO LIMA

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM ANTEPROJETO DE UM SISTEMADE DIGITALIZAO DA PROTEO E CONTROLE APLICADA AUMA SUBESTAO ELTRICA INDUSTRIAL DE ALTA TENSO.

Guaratinu!t"

#$%#

Campus de Guaratinguet


2/112


DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM ANTEPROJETO DE UM SISTEMADE DIGITALIZAO DA PROTEO E CONTROLE APLICADA AUMA SUBESTAO ELTRICA INDUSTRIAL DE ALTA TENSO.

Ori!nta&'r( Pr'). Dr. R'na*&' R'++i

Guaratinu!t"#$%#

M'n'ra)ia a,r!+!nta&a a' C'n+!*-' &!Cur+' &! Gra&ua/' !0 En!n-ariaE*1tri2a &a 3a2u*&a&! &! En!n-aria &'

Ca0,u+ &! Guaratinu!t"4 Uni5!r+i&a&!E+ta&ua* Pau*i+ta4 2'0' ,art! &'+r!6ui+it'+ ,ara '7t!n/' &' &i,*'0a &!Gra&ua/' !0 En!n-aria E*1tri2a.


3/112

L89#&Li0a4 T-ia' &! Ma2!&'

D!+!n5'*5i0!nt' &! u0 ant!,r':!t' &! u0 +i+t!0a &! &iita*i;a/' &a,r't!/' ! 2'ntr'*! a,*i2a&a a u0a +u7!+ta/' !*1tri2a in&u+tria* &! a*tat!n+/' < T-ia' &! Ma2!&' Li0a = Guaratinu!t" ( >+.n?4 #$%#. %%% ) ( i*.

Bi7*i'ra)ia( ). %%%

Tra7a*-' &! Gra&ua/' !0 En!n-aria E*1tri2a = Uni5!r+i&a&!E+ta&ua* Pau*i+ta4 3a2u*&a&! &! En!n-aria &! Guaratinu!t"4 #$%#.

Ori!nta&'r( Pr'). Dr. R'na*&' R'++i

%. Su7!+ta@!+ !*1tri2a+ I. Ttu*'

CDU #%.9%%.

Campus de Guaratinguet


4/112

DADOS CURRICULARES



5/112

NASCIMENTO $.$8.% = SO PAULO < SP

3ILIAO S'*an! &! Ma2!&' Li0aE&i0ar T!iF!ira Li0a 3i*-'

#$$


6/112

&!&i2' !+t! tra7a*-' 0in-a 0/! Solange4 6u! 1 ' 0!u !+,!*-'

! u0 !F!0,*' &! 5i&a ! +!0,r! !+t!5! ,r!+!nt! !0 t'&'+ '+

0'0!nt'+ &a 0in-a 5i&a.


7/112

AGRADECIMENTOS

E0 ,ri0!ir' *uar4 ara&!' 0in-a 0/! S'*an! ! ,a&ra+t' N!*it'n ! a' 0!ua5 P!&r' 6u! 0! &!ra0 a ','rtuni&a&! &! r!a*i;ar 0!u+ !+tu&'+ ! 2-!ar 'n&! !+t'u-':!. A'+ 0!u+ a0i'+ ,'r t'&a a a:u&a 6u! 0! &!ra0 &urant! '+ an'+ na

uni5!r+i&a&!.

A' ,r')!++'r R'na*&' R'++i ,'r ,r','r2i'nar a r!a*i;a/' &!+t! TG. A'+ 0'ra&'r!+ &ar!,7*i2a C!5a&a Kana4 0in-a +!un&a )a0*ia ! &'na H!r2*ia4 6u!

,r','r2i'nara0 0'0!nt'+ ! !n+ina0!nt'+ 6u! *!5ar!i ,ara a 5i&a t'&a.


8/112


9/112

A n'++a 0ai'r *ria n/' r!+i&! n' )at' &! nun2a2air0'+4 0a+ +i0 !0 *!5antar0'n'+ +!0,r!&!,'i+ &! 2a&a 6u!&a.

C'n)2i'


10/112

LIMA4 T. M. DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM ANTEPROJETO DE UM

SISTEMA DE DIGITALIZAO DA PROTEO E CONTROLE APLICADA

A UMA SUBESTAO ELTRICA INDUSTRIAL DE ALTA TENSO 4 #$%#.

%%%). M'n'ra)ia &! Gra&ua/' En!n-aria E*1tri2aQ = 3a2u*&a&! &! En!n-aria &'

Ca0,u+ &! Guaratinu!t"4 Uni5!r+i&a&! E+ta&ua* Pau*i+ta4 Guaratinu!t"4 #$%#.

RESUMO

E+ta ,r','+ta &! Diita*i;a/' &! u0a +u7!+ta/' !*1tri2a in&u+tria* &! AT !+t"

a++'2ia&a a u0 &'+ +!0!nt'+ &a "r!a &! E*!tr't12ni2a A,*i2a&a ! 5i+a ' !+tu&' !

ant!,r':!t' &! a,*i2a/' &! t12ni2a+ &! &iita*i;a/' na ,r't!/'4 n' 2'ntr'*!4 na

0!&i/' ! na aut'0a/' &! 0an'7ra+ 5'*ta&a+ ,ara u0 Si+t!0a E*1tri2' In&u+tria*

t,i2' &! A*ta T!n+/'. D!+tina+! a++i04 +u,!r5i+/'4 ,r't!/' ! 2'ntr'*! &a+

,rin2i,ai+ ran&!;a+ !*1tri2a+ ! t1r0i2a+ !n5'*5i&a+ !0 u0a +u7!+ta/'4 tai+ 2'0'(

n5!i+ &! t!n+/'4 &! 2'rr!nt!4 &! t!0,!ratura4 &! )at'r &! ,'tn2ia4 &! 2arr!a0!nt'+

&! tran+)'r0a&'r!+ ! &! 2ir2uit'+ a*i0!nta&'r!+4 +tatu+ &'+ &i+,'+iti5'+ &!

int!rtra5a0!nt'+4 2-a5!a0!nt'+ &! !6ui,a0!nt'+ &! 0an'7ra+4 !t2.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pr't!/' &'+ Si+t!0a+ !*1tri2'+ &! P'tn2ia4 Si+t!0a !*1tri2'&! P'tn2ia SEPQ4 An"*i+! &! Curt'Cir2uit'.


11/112

LIMA4 T. M. DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANTE PROJECT OF A SCANNING

SYSTEM PROTECTION AND CONTROL APPLIED TO AN INDUSTRIAL

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION IN HIGH TENSION4 #$%#. %%%). M'n'ra,-

Un&!rra&uat! E*!2tri2a* Enin!!rinQ 3a2u*&a&! &! En!n-aria &' Ca0,u+ &!

Guaratinu!t"4 Uni5!r+i&a&! E+ta&ua* Pau*i+ta4 Guaratinu!t"4 #$%#.

ABSTRACT

T-! ,r','+!& ') +2annin ') an !*!2tri2a* in&u+tria* +u7+tati'n HV i+ a++'2iat!& it- a

+!0!nt ') t-! E*!2tr't!2-ni2a* ar!a an& ai0+ t-! +tu& an& ,r!*i0inar a,,*i2ati'n ')&iita* t!2-n'*'i!+ in t-! ,r't!2ti'n4 2'ntr'*4 0!a+ur!0!nt an& aut'0ati'n 0an!u5!r+

ai0!& at a In&u+tria* E*!2tri2a* S+t!0 t,i2a* Hi- V'*ta!. !** int!n&!& t'

+u,!r5i+i'n4 ,r't!2ti'n an& 2'ntr'* ') 0a:'r !*!2tri2a* an& t-!r0a* 6uantiti!+ in5'*5!&

in a +u7+tati'n4 +u2- a+ 5'*ta! *!5!*+4 2urr!nt4 t!0,!ratur!4 ,'!r )a2t'r4 *'a&+ ')

tran+)'r0!r+ an& 2ir2uit )!!&!r+4 +tatu+ ') int!r*'2Win &!5i2!+4 +it2-in !6ui,0!nt

0an!u5!r+4 !t2.

KEYWORDS: Pr't!2ti'n ') E*!2tri2a* P'!r S+t!0+4 E*!2tri2a* P'!r S+t!0SEPQ4 Ana*+i+ ') S-'rt Cir2uit.

LISTA DE FIGURAS


12/112

3iura % = U0 !+6u!0a +i0,*i)i2a&' &! 0'nit'ra/' &! &a&'+ Err! I"#$%r "'

#()$"$#*

3iura # = 3un2i'na0!nt' &' Di+:unt'r. #9

3iura 9 = T,i2a R!&! E*1tri2a 9$

3iura = Cur5a t,i2a &! u0 )u+5!* 9#

3iura X = TP ti,' 2a,a2iti5'9

3iura = Enr'*a0!nt' B'7ina&'. 9

3iura 8 = Enr'*a0!nt' T'r'i&a* 9

3iura = Cur5a &! r!*a/' &! +'7r!2'rr!nt! ,ara TC &! 2*a++! T 98

3iura = Ca,a2i&a&! &! T!n+/' n' +!2un&"ri' ,ara &i)!r!nt!+ TC+ &! 2*a++! T. 98

3iura %$ = Z'na+ &! Pr't!/' +'7r!,'+ta+. $

F$+,r& . L$/$0(1 #&1 2"&1 #( 3r0(4' 56

3iura %# = EF!0,*' &! 2*a++i)i2a/' &! +'7r!2'rr!nt!. 9

3iura %9 = C'n!F/' &ir!ta &' !ra&'r 2'0 a 7arra &a+ *in-a+ &! tran+0i++/'.

3iura % = ,r't!/' ,ara !ra&'r!+ 2'n!2ta&'+ &ir!ta0!nt! a+ 7arra+ X

3iura %X = R!*1 Di)!r!n2ia* 8Q in+ta*a&' !0 u0a 2'n!F/' !+tr!*a X

3iura % = R!*1 Di)!r!n2ia* 8Q in+ta*a&' !0 u0a 2'n!F/' &!*ta

3iura %8 = Pr't!/' &i)!r!n2ia* 2'0 6uatr' &i+:unt'r!+

3iura % = Du,*' 7arra0!nt' 2'n!2ta&' ,'r u0 &i+:unt'r 6u! 1 n'r0a*0!nt! )!2-a&'

3iura % = C'n)iura/' !0 an!* ! +ua &!5i&a ,r't!/'.

3iura #$ = C'n)iura/' 6uatr' &i+:unt'r!+ ! 0!i' ! ;'na+ &! ,r't!/' &a 7arra

3iura #% = Cara2t!r+ti2a &' 0't'r &! in&u/' X%

3iura ## = Pr't!/' &i)!r!n2ia* 6uan&' ' n!utr' !+t" &i+,'n5!*. aQ C'0 a&i/' &! )*uF' !

r!*1 &! +'7r!2'rr!nt! in+tantYn!a. 7Q Ti,' 2'n5!n2i'na* ! r!*1+ &! &i)!r!n2ia* X#

3iura #9 = Pr't!/' &! +'7r!2'rr!nt! ,ara 0't'r!+. aQ C'0 tr+ 2'n&ut'r!+ ,a++an&' atra51+

&! u0a +'0a &! )*uF'+ = Ti,' tran+)'r0a&'r &! 2'rr!nt! 7Q Ti,' 2'n5!n2i'na* = Ti,'tran+)'r0a&'r &! 2'rr!nt! X9

3iura # = Pr't!/' &! r't'r 7*'6u!a&'. X9

3iura #X = Pr't'2'*' PRO3IBUS na ,i*-a OSI. $

3iura # = Ar6uit!tura &! u0a Su7!+ta/' Aut'0ati;a&a %

3iura #8 = Diara0a Uni)i*ar &a Su7!+ta/' !0 an"*i+!.. X

3iura # = Diara0a &! i0,!&Yn2ia+ &a Su7!+ta/' !0 an"*i+! 8%

3iura # = Diara0a &! i0,!&Yn2ia+ &a Su7!+ta/' !0 an"*i+! 2'0 )a*ta !0 S 8#3iura 9$ = Diara0a &! i0,!&Yn2ia+ &a Su7!+ta/' !0 an"*i+! 2'0 )a*ta !0 S% 89


13/112

3iura 9% = Diara0a &! i0,!&Yn2ia+ &a Su7!+ta/' !0 an"*i+! 2'0 )a*ta !0 S# . 8

F$+,r& 76 . D$&+r&/& #( $/3(#8"%$&1 #& S,9(10&4' (/ &";$1( %/ )&;0& (/ S5


14/112

Ta7!*a % = Cara+ n'0inai+ ,ara TC ,a&r'ni;a&a+ ,!*a ABNT. 9

Ta7!*a # = Bur&!n &! r!*1+ &iitai+ $

Ta7!*a 9 = Ti,'+ &! ,r't'2'*'+ &! 2'0uni2a/' X

Ta7!*a = Da&'+ &' )a7ri2ant! A+*t'0 ,ara ' &i+:unt'r &! AT 88

Ta7!*a X = D!+2ri/' T12ni2a &a 2-a5! +!22i'na&'ra &! AT &a A*+t'0 88

Ta7!*a = D!+2ri/' T12ni2a &' TC &! AT &a A*+t'0. 8

Ta7!*a 8 = D!+2ri/' T12ni2a &' ,ara rai' &a +u7!+ta/' in&u+tria* $

Ta7!*a = D!+2ri/' T12ni2a &' &i+:unt'r &! MT &a +u7!+ta/' %

Ta7!*a = D!+2ri/' T12ni2a &a C-a5! S!22i'na&'ra &! MT &a +u7!+ta/' #

Ta7!*a %$ = T12ni2a &' TC &! MT &a +u7!+ta/' #

Ta7!*a %% = D!+2ri/' T12ni2a &' TP &! MT &a +u7!+ta/'

Ta7!*a %#= Ta7!*a &! 5a*'r!+ ,ara a+ N'r0a+ %

Ta7!*a %9 = Cara2t!r+ti2a+ t12ni2a+ ,rin2i,ai+ &' r!*1 MiCOM P##X X

Ta7!*a % = R!+u0' &a+ !+,!2i)i2a@!+ t12ni2a+ &' MiCOM P8

Ta7!*a %X = R!+u0' &a+ !+,!2i)i2a@!+ t12ni2a+ &' MiCOM P$ 8

Ta7!*a % = E+,!2i)i2a/' &' r!*1 MiCOM P# &a S2-n!i&!r

LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS

ANSI A0!ri2an Nati'na* Stan&ar&+ In+titut!

AT A*ta T!n+/'


15/112

CLP C'ntr'*a&'r Li2' Pr'ra0"5!*

EAT EFtra A*ta T!n+/'

3P 3at'r &! P'tn2ia

IEC Int!rnati'na* E*!tr't!2-ni2a* C'00itt!!

IED Int!*i!nt E*!tr'ni2 D!5i2!+

IEEE In+titut! ') E*!2tri2a* an& E*!2tr'ni2+ Enin!!r+

IHM Int!r)a2! H'0!0 M"6uina

LAN L'2a* Ar!a N!t'rW

MIT M't'r &! In&u/' Tri)"+i2'

MT M1&ia T!n+/'

NA N'r0a* A7!rt'

NBI N5!* B"+i2' &! I+'*a/'

ONA3 [*!' Natura* Ar 3'ra&'

ONAN [*!' Natura* Ar Natura*

PU P'r Uni&a&!

PC Pr't!/' ! C'ntr'*!

RTC R!*a/' N'0ina* &! Tran+)'r0a/' &a C'rr!nt!

RTD R!+i+tan2! T!0,!ratur! D!t!2t'rRTP R!*a/' N'0ina* &! Tran+)'r0a/' &! P't!n2ia*

RTU R!0't! T!r0ina* Unit

SCADA Su,!r5i+'r C'ntr'* an& Data A26ui+iti'n

SE Su7!+ta/' E*1tri2a

SEI Si+t!0a E*1tri2' In&u+tria*

TC Tran+)'r0a&'r &! C'rr!nt!

TH T-\5!nin

TP Tran+)'r0a&'r &! P't!n2ia*

TD Tran+0iti'n Di+tri7uti'n

SUMRIO

INTRODUO********************************************************************************************************************6 SUBESTAES ELTRICAS*******************************************************************************************?

#.% C*a++i)i2a@!+ &a+ Su7!+ta@!+...........................................................................................%#.# E*!0!nt'+ ,rin2i,ai+ &! u0a +u7!+ta/'............................................................................#%#.#.% Barra0!nt'+.....................................................................................................................#%


16/112

#.#.# Di+:unt'r..........................................................................................................................###.#.9 C-a5!+ S!22i'na&'ra+......................................................................................................##.#. R!*ia&'r!+......................................................................................................................#X#.9 Pararai'+............................................................................................................................##.X Ban2' &! Ca,a2it'r!+..........................................................................................................##. C'n&ut'r!+ E*1tri2'+...........................................................................................................#

7 EUIPAMENTOS E SISTEMAS DE PROTEO E DIGITALIZAO******************69.% 3a*ta+ n'+ Si+t!0a+ E*1tri2'+ &! P'tn2ia..........................................................................#9.# R!&!+ E*1tri2a+....................................................................................................................#9.#.% E+tu&' &a+ r!&!+ !*1tri2a+................................................................................................9$9.#.# 3un&a0!nt'+ &a ,r't!/' &' +i+t!0a !*1tri2'.................................................................9%9.9 C'0,'n!nt!+ &' +i+t!0a &! ,r't!/'.................................................................................9%9.9.% 3u+5!*..............................................................................................................................9%9.9.# R!*1+ &! Pr't!/'.............................................................................................................9#9.9.9 Tran+)'r0a&'r &! P't!n2ia*.............................................................................................999.9.9.% Tran+)'r0a&'r!+ &! P't!n2ia* Ca,a2iti5'....................................................................99.9. Tran+)'r0a&'r &! C'rr!nt! ,ara ,r't!/'4 2'ntr'*! ! 0!&i/'.......................................9X

9. ]ua*i&a&!+ &a ,r't!/' &'+ +i+t!0a+ !*1tri2'+...................................................................$9.X R!*1+ &! ,r't!/' &'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ &' +i+t!0a !*1tri2'...................................................99.X.% Pr't!/' &! !ra&'r!+......................................................................................................99.X.# Pr't!/' &! r!at'r!+ ! 2a,a2it'r!+ +-unt..........................................................................9.X.#.% R!at'r!+.........................................................................................................................9.X.#.# Ca,a2it'r!+ S-unt.........................................................................................................89.X.9 Pr't!/' &a+ 7arra+ &! 2'n!F/'.......................................................................................89.X. Pr't!/' &! M't'r!+........................................................................................................X$9. C'n2!it'+ &a IEC %X$.....................................................................................................X5 AUTOMAO DE SUBESTAO**********************************************************************************==.% Uni&a&! t!r0ina* r!0'ta 'u r!0't! t!r0ina* unit RTUQ..................................................XX.# E6ui,a0!nt' E*!trni2' Int!*i!nt! 'u Int!**i!nt E*!2tr'ni2 D!5i2! IEDQ.....................XX.9 Si+t!0a+ Diitai+ = Su,!r5i+/'4 C'ntr'*!4 Aut'0a/' ! Pr't!/'.....................................X. Pr't'2'*'+ &! C'0uni2a/'................................................................................................X..% MODBUS........................................................................................................................X8..# ETHERNET.....................................................................................................................X..9 PRO3IBUS......................................................................................................................X.. RS X...........................................................................................................................X..X IEC %%X#.......................................................................................................................X.. IEC $8$X%$9.............................................................................................................$.X A6ui+i/' &! &a&'+.............................................................................................................$

. SCADA...............................................................................................................................%.8 S')tar! &' Si+t!0a SCADA.............................................................................................%= EEMPLO DE APLICAO EM UMA SUBESTAO*********************************************6X.% E+tu&' &! Curt'Cir2uit'....................................................................................................=*6 D$&+r&/&1 #( I/3(#8"%$&1..............................................................................................X.9 E+,!2i)i2a@!+ &'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ &! AT ! MT &a +u7!+ta/'............................................8X.9.% E6ui,a0!nt'+ &! A*ta T!n+/'..........................................................................................8XX.9.# E6ui,a0!nt'+ &! M1&ia T!n+/'......................................................................................8X. Di+:unt'r ,ara a 2'n&i/' &! ,ara*!*i+0' &'+ Tran+)'r0a&'r!+ T% ! T#...........................#X..% Tran+)'r0a&'r &! P't!n2ia* na 2'n&i/' &! ,ara*!*i+0'................................................ AUTOMATISMO DA SUBESTAO ELTRICA********************************************************?

.% R!*1+ Diitai+.......................................................................................................................# Pr't!/' Di)!r!n2ia*.............................................................................................................#.% 3at'r!+ 6u! a)!ta0 a ,r't!/' &i)!r!n2ia*.......................................................................8


17/112

.9 3un/' &! +'7r!2'rr!nt!......................................................................................................9.% S'7r!2'rr!nt! !0 r!*1+ Diitai+........................................................................................9.# C'n&i@!+ &! atua/' &' r!*1 &! +'7r!2'rr!nt!...............................................................%.9.9 3un/' &! +'7r!2ara t1r0i2a..........................................................................................#.9. 3un/' &! +!6un2ia n!ati5a..........................................................................................9. R!*1+ &! ,r't!/' ,ara '+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ &a +u7!+ta/'.....................................................9

..% Pr't!/' &'+ 0't'r!+ &! in&u/'.....................................................................................9..# Pr't!/' &a+ 7arra+ &! a*i0!nta/'...................................................................................9 Pr't!/' &' !ra&'r.........................................................................................................X.. Pr't!/' &'+ tran+)'r0a&'r!+...........................................................................................X Uti*i;a/' &! IED................................................................................................................< PROGRAMA PARA A SIMULAO DOS AUTOMATISMOS***********************************? CONCLUSES******************************************************************************************************************BIBLIOGRAFIA*******************************************************************************************************************


18/112

16

INTRODUO

O Si+t!0a E*1tri2' 1 u0a 0a*-a a7ran!nt! &! 5aria&'+ 2ir2uit'+4 6u! ,'&!0 ',!rar

2'0 &i)!r!nt!+ n5!i+ &! t!n+/' ! 2'n)iura@!+. E+t! +i+t!0a t!0 ,'r '7:!ti5' '7t!r u0

!*!5a&' n&i2! &! 2'n)ia7i*i&a&!4 6ua*i&a&! ! 2'ntinui&a&! n' at!n&i0!nt' ! n' )'rn!2i0!nt'

&! En!ria E*1tri2a EEQ4 5i+t' 6u! ' 2'n+u0i&'r ,'&! +!r &!+&! u0a +i0,*!+ r!+i&n2ia at1

+!t'r!+ in&u+triai+ &! ,r'&u/' &! ,r'&ut'+ 'u 0!+0' +!t'r!+ -'+,ita*ar!+ 6u! &!,!n&!0

2'n+i&!ra5!*0!nt! &a !+ta7i*i&a&! &!+t! )'rn!2i0!nt' &! !n!ria R'++i4 #$%#Q.

C'0 a !F,an+/' &a+ R!&!+ &! Di+tri7ui/' ! Tran+0i++/' &! En!ria ! 2'0 '

&!+!n5'*5i0!nt' &! n'5a+ t!2n'*'ia+ &! ,r't!/' ! 2'ntr'*!4 n't'u+! u0a n!2!++i&a&!

0ai'r &! a,ri0'rar ta0710 a+ t12ni2a+ &! aut'0a/' &! 0an'7ra+ na ',!ra/' &!++a+ r!&!+

,ara 6u! a++i0 '+ n&i2!+ &! 2'n)ia7i*i&a&!4 &! 6ua*i&a&!4 &! 2'ntinui&a&! ! &! !+ta7i*i&a&!

i0,'+ta ,!*'+ [r/'+ R!u*a&'r!+ )'++!0 0!*-'r!+ at!n&i&'+.

V"ria+ !0,r!+a+ 6u! !+t/' in+!ri&a+ n' S!t'r E*1tri2' !+t/' +! atua*i;an&' !0 +ua+

',!ra@!+ &! aut'0a@!+ &! 0an'7ra+ ! tran+)!rn2ia &! &a&'+ ,'r r!&!+ &! 2'0uni2a/'4

!n5'*5!n&' ' ,r't'2'*' IEC = %X$4 ! &!+ta )'r0a4 u0 0ai'r 2'ntr'*! na 0'nit'ra/' ! na+

,ara0!tri;a@!+ &!++!+ aut'0ati+0'+ ! ,r'2!&i0!nt'+ &! &iita*i;a/' ! +u,!r5i+/' R'++i4

#$%#Q..

E5i&!nt!0!nt!4 2'0' !0 6ua*6u!r 'utr' +!0!nt' !*1tri2'4 na 0'nit'ra/' &!++!+

+i+t!0a+ +/' !n5'*5i&a+ a+ )un@!+ &! 2'ntr'*!4 &! 2'0an&'4 &! 0!&i/'4 &! ,r't!/' ! &!

t!*!2'0uni2a/'4 ',!ran&' +!un&' u0 ,r'2!++' int!ra&' &! a6ui+i/'4 trata0!nt' !

,r'2!++a0!nt' &iita* &! &a&'+ ,r'5!ni!nt!+ &' +i+t!0a a +!r &iita*i;a&' ! 'u aut'0ati;a&'4

2'n)'r0! +! ,'&! '7+!r5ar n' !+6u!0a +i0,*i)i2a&' 0'+tra&' na 3iura % R'++i4 #$%#Q.

Subestao

Programade

Superviso

Monitor

Aquisiode dados

3iura % U0 !+6u!0a +i0,*i)i2a&' &! 0'nit'ra/' &! &a&'+ R'++i4 #$%#Q.


19/112

17

Muita+ &!++a+ t12ni2a+ +')r!ra0 a' *'n' &' t!0,'4 u0a !5'*u/' ra&ati5a !0 +!u+

,arY0!tr'+ &! a:u+t!+ 2'rr!nt!+4 t!n+@!+4 ,'tn2ia+4 t!0,'+4 +u,'rta7i*i&a&! t1r0i2a+4

)r!6un2ia4 !t2Q4 ! i++' 2'0 &!+ta6u!4 n'ta&a0!nt! 2'0 ' a&5in&' &a t!2n'*'ia &iita*4 'n&!

a ,ara0!tri;a/' 1 r!6u!ri&a &! )'r0a !+,!2)i2a ,ara 2a&a ti,' ! )'r0a ',!rati5a &! r!&!4 &!

!6ui,a0!nt' ! &' +i+t!0a 2'n+i&!ra&' 2'0' u0 t'&'.

C'0 ' a&5!nt' &a t!2n'*'ia &iita*4 '+ 0'&!rn'+ +i+t!0a+ &!+tina&'+ +u,!r5i+/' &!

r!&!+4 :" a,r!+!nta0 a+ )un@!+ !+,!2)i2a+ &! ,r't!/' ! 2'ntr'*! PCQ4 &!+tina&a+ a tai+

)ina*i&a&!+4 int!ra&a+ nu0 ni2' &i+,'+iti5' ,'&!n&' a++i04 ,ara0!tri;"*'

',!ra2i'na*0!nt!4 !0 2'n)iura@!+ 6u! +! a&a,t!0 a' +i+t!0a 0'nit'ra&' Pr't!/' !

C'ntr'*! A&a,tati5'+Q. D!++a )'r0a4 5"ri'+ ,r'2!&i0!nt'+ &'+ aut'0ati+0'+ ! &i+,'+iti5'+

&iitai+ &! PC4 a +!r!0 a i0,*anta&'+ &!5!r/' !+tar +!*!ti5a0!nt! 2''r&!na&'+ 2'0 tai+a:u+t!+ ',!ra2i'nai+ R'++i4 #$%#Q.

E++a ,r','+ta &! &!+!n5'*5i0!nt'4 !+tu&' ! ant!,r':!t' &! u0 +i+t!0a &iita* &!

,r't!/' ! 2'ntr'*!4 2'0 5i+ta+ a u0 ,r'2!++' &! &iita*i;a/' ! &! aut'0ati+0' &! 0an'7ra+

!0 u0 ,"ti' &! AT &! u0a +u7!+ta/' in&u+tria* t,i2a 5!0 &! !n2'ntr' a !++a i&!ia4 &!

in'5a/' t!2n'*i2a &!0an&a&a ,!*'+ 0'&!rn'+ +i+t!0a+ 2'ntr'*a&'r!+4 a,*i2a&'+ a !++a+

r!&!+ &i+tri7ui/' &! EE ! &! +!0!nt'+ !+,!2)i2'+ 6u! a uti*i;a04 2'0' 1 ' 2a+' &a+

in+ta*a@!+ !*1tri2a+ in&u+triai+ &! 01&i' ! ran&! ,'rt!.


20/112

18

6SUBESTAES ELTRICAS

U0a +u7!+ta/' ,'&! +!r &!)ini&a 2'0' u0 2'n:unt' &! in+ta*a@!+ !0 01&ia 'u a*ta

t!n+/' 6u! aru,a '+ !6ui,a0!nt'+4 2'n&ut'r!+ ! a2!++ri'+4 &!+tina&'+ ,r't!/'4 0!&i/'4

0an'7ra ! tran+)'r0a/' &! ran&!;a+ !*1tri2a+.

A+ +u7!+ta@!+ !*1tri2a+ SEQ +/' ,'nt'+ &! 2'n5!rn2ia4 !ntra&a ! +a&a4 &! *in-a+ &!

tran+0i++/' 'u &i+tri7ui/'4 ,'&!n&' +! 2'n+tituir 2'0' u0a int!r)a2! !ntr! &'i+ +u7+i+t!0a+.

P'&!+! a++'2iar u0a +u7!+ta/' 2'0' +!n&' u0 2!ntr' !'01tri2' 'n&! !Fi+t! u0a

t'0a&a &! &!2i+/' 2!ntra&a !ra*0!nt! ,r'2!++a&a atra51+ &! 2'0an&'+ !0 !6ui,a0!nt'+ &!

0an'7ra+4 &! tran+)'r0a@!+ ! &! 2'ntr'*!+. A++i04 ,'&!+! &i;!r 6u! !Fi+t! u0 2'n:unt' &!

2'0,'n!nt!+ !*1tri2'+ 0'nit'ra&'+ ,'r u0a *i2a ',!rati5a +!n&' uti*i;a&'+ ,ara 2'ntr'*ar ')*uF' &! !n!ria &' +i+t!0a.

A tar!)a 0ai+ i0,'rtant! &a+ +u7!+ta@!+ 1 arantir a 2'ntinui&a&! ! 2'n)ia7i*i&a&! &a

',!ra/' 2'0 0"Fi0a +!urana. D!+ta )'r0a4 a+ ,art!+ +'7 )a*ta+ &!5!0 +!r &!+*ia&a+

i0!&iata0!nt! ! ' +u,ri0!nt' &! !n!ria &!5! +!r r!+taura&' 2'0 a+ 0an'7ra+ 'u

2'0uta@!+.

Atua*0!nt! a+ +u7!+ta@!+ +/' !6ui,a&a+ &! u0 +i+t!0a !+trutura&' &! 2'ntr'*!

&iita*i;a&' 'u at1 0!+0' 2'n5!n2i'na*4 r!a*i;a&' atra51+ &! ,r'ra0a+ &! 2'0,uta&'r!+ 6u!',!ra0 !0 t!0,' r!a* ana*i+an&' '+ &a&'+ 0!&i&'+ atra51+ &a+ )un@!+ &! ,r't!/' !

2'ntr'*! ! ain&a ',!ran&' !0 '))*in! 2'0 a+ ,ara0!tri;a@!+4 ,r'ra0a@!+4 !+ti0a@!+

&! !+ta&'4 !t2.

D!+ta )'r0a4 t'&a+ a+ 5!;!+ 6u! 6ua*6u!r ,!rtur7a/' 5!n-a ,'r !0 ri+2' a 6ua*i&a&!

&' +i+t!0a 'u &a !+trutura )+i2a4 a+ 0'nit'ra@!+ ir/' &!t!2tar ! ' +i+t!0a &! ,r't!/' ir"

atuar ,ara 2'ntr'*ar a )a*-a.

L''4 a' !+,!2i)i2ar u0a +u7!+ta/'4 1 ina&0i++5!* 2'n+i&!rar +'0!nt! ')un2i'na0!nt' n'r0a* n'0ina*Q &' +i+t!0a4 &!5!0+! ,r!5!r a+ )a*-a+ ! i0,r!5i+t'+. A++i04

a ,r't!/' t!0 2'0' )un/' 0ini0i;ar '+ &an'+ a'+ +i+t!0a+ int!r*ia&'+ +u7!+ta/' ! a'+

,r,ri'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ &a +u7!+ta/'.

6*C;&11$)$%&4(1 #&1 S,9(10&4(1

- UANTO A FUNO

SE #( M&"9r&


21/112

19

P!r0it! 0an'7rar ,art!+ &' +i+t!0a4 in+!rin&' 'u r!tiran&'a+ &! +!r5i'4 !0 u0

0!+0' n5!* &! t!n+/'.

SE #( Tr&"1)r/&4'

SE E;(r&

L'2a*i;a&a na +a&a &! u+ina+ !ra&'ra+. E*!5a0 a t!n+/' tant' ,ara n5!i+ &! tran+0i++/' 6uant' ,ara n5!i+ &!

+u7tran+0i++/'.

SE A9&$r&

L'2a*i;a&a na ,!ri)!ria &a+ 2i&a&!+. Di0inu!0 '+ n5!i+ &! t!n+/' !5itan&' ,r'7*!0a+4 tai+ 2'0'( int!r)!rn2ia+ ,'r

2a0,' 0an1ti2'4 )aiFa &! ,a++a!n+ 0uit' *ara+4 r"&i' int!r)!rn2ia.

SE #( D$10r$9,$4'

Di0inu!0 a t!n+/' ,ara ' n5!* ,ri0"ri' %94WV = 94XWVQ. P!rt!n2!0 a 2'n2!++i'n"ria+ 'u ran&!+ 2'n+u0i&'ra+.

SE #( R(+,;&4'

S/' uti*i;a&a+ atra51+ &' !0,r!' &! !6ui,a0!nt'+ &! 2'0,!n+a/'4 r!at'r!+4

2a,a2it'r!+4 2'0,!n+a&'r!+ !+t"ti2'+4 !t2.

SE C"(r1r&1

E+t! ti,' &! +u7!+ta/' !+t" a++'2ia&' a'+ +i+t!0a+ &! tran+0i++/' !0 C'rr!nt!

C'ntnua SE^+ R!ti)i2a&'ra ! In5!r+'raQ.

- UANTO AO NVEL DE TENSO

S,9(10&4' #( M>#$& T("1' . At1 94XWV

S,9(10&4' #( A;0& T("1' . At1 #9$WV S,9(10&4' #( E0r& A;0& T("1' . A2i0a &! 9XWV


22/112

20

- UANTO AO TIPO DE INSTALAO

S,9(10&4' D(1&9r$+& . C'n+tru&a a' ar*i5r! S,9(10&4' A9r$+& . C'n+tru&a !0 *uar )!2-a&' S,9(10&4' B;$"#& . C'n+tru&a !0 *uar )!2-a&'4 2'0,*!ta0!nt! ,r't!i&' !

i+'*a&' !0 *!' 'u !0 "+ S3Q

UANTO A FORMA DE OPERAO

S,9(10&4' %/ 3(rr E+t! ti,' &! +u7!+ta/' !Fi! tr!ina0!nt' ,!++'a* !+,!2)i2' A uti*i;a/' &! 2'0,uta&'r!+ ,ara a +u,!r5i+/' &! ',!ra/' + 1 :u+ti)i2a&a 6uan&' a

in+ta*a/' 1 &! ran&! ,'rt!

S,9(10&4' S(/$-A,0/0$%&

E+t! ti,' &! +u7!+ta/' ,'++u!0 2'0,uta&'r!+ *'2ai+ 'u int!rtra5a0!nt'+

!*!tr'0!2Yni2'+ 6u! i0,!&!0 a+ ',!ra@!+ r!a*i;a&a+ in&!5i&a0!nt! ,'r ,art! &' ',!ra&'r

&!+ta +u7!+ta/'

S,9(10&4(1 A,0/&0$2&1

E+t! ti,' &! +u7!+ta/' 1 +u,!r5i+i'na&' &i+tYn2ia ,'r 0!i' &! 2'0,uta&'r!+ ! u0

+i+t!0a &! 2'ntr'*! 2-a0a&' SCADA Su,!r5i+'r C'ntr'* an& Data A26ui+iti'nQ

C/ r(+r& +(r&; &1 ),"4(1 (/ ,/& 1,9(10&4' 1':

_M'nit'ra/' &! +tatu+ &! !6ui,a0!nt'+

_M!&i/'

_Pr't!/' &! *in-a4 tran+)'r0a&'r!+4 7arra4 r!at'r4 ,!r&a &! +in2r'ni+0' !t2

_Su,!r5i+/' &a+ ,r't!@!+

_R!*ia0!nt' aut'0"ti2'

_L'2a*i;a/' &! )a*-a na *in-a

_T!*!2'0an&'+

_Pr't!/' &! )a*-a &! &i+:unt'r


23/112

21

_Int!rtra5a0!nt'+

_M'nit'ra/' &! +'7r!2ara !0 tran+)'r0a&'r!+

_C'ntr'*! &! t!n+/'

_3*uF' &! r!ati5'+

_C'rt! +!*!ti5' &! 2ara+

_Sin2r'ni;a/'

_A*ar0!+ !0 !ra*

_R!i+tr' &! +!6u!n2ia &! !5!nt'+

_O+2i*'ra)ia

_Int!r)a2! -u0ana

_I0,r!++/' &! r!*atri'+_Int!r)a2! 2'0 '+ C!ntr'+ &! O,!ra/' &! Si+t!0a

_Aut'&ian'+!

6*6 E;(/("01 3r$"%$3&$1 #( ,/& 1,9(10&4'

EFi+t!0 na +u7!+ta/' &i5!r+'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ 6u! r!a*i;a0 &!t!r0ina&a+ )un@!+ !0

,r'* &' 0!*-'r a,r'5!ita0!nt' &!+ta. Nu0a +u7!+ta/' &!)in!0+! &'i+ ti,'+ &i)!r!nt!+ &!

!6ui,a0!nt'+

C/3"("0(1 3r$/r$1 = S/' '+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ 6u! !n5'*5!0 0an'7ra+4

tran+)'r0a/' ! 2'0,!n+a/'. D!ntr! '+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ ,'&!+! 2itar ' Di+:unt'r4 a C-a5!

S!22i'na&'ra4 Tran+)'r0a&'r!+ ,ara In+tru0!nt'+4 Ban2' &! Ca,a2it'r!+4 &! r!at'r!+ ! '+

,ararai'+.

C/3"("0(1 S(%,"#r$1 = S/' '+ &i+,'+iti5'+ &! 2'ntr'*! a++'2ia&'+ a'+

2'0,'n!nt!+ ,ri0"ri'+4 tai+ 2'0'( r!*1 &! ,r't!/'4 +i+t!0a+ &! a*ar0!4 +!r5i'+ auFi*iar!+4

&i+,'+iti5'+ &! 2'0an&' ! r!i+tra&'r!+.

E+t!+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ !ntr! 'utr'+ 6u! !Fi+t!0 na+ +u7!+ta@!+4 +!r/' &!+2rit'+ a +!uir(

6*6* B&rr&/("01

Barra0!nt'+ +/' 2'n&ut'r!+ r!)'ra&'+4 2'0 i0,!&Yn2ia &!+,r!;5!*4 6u! +!r5!0 2'0'

2!ntr'+ 2'0un+ &! 2'*!ta ! r!&i+tri7ui/' &! 2'rr!nt!.]uan&' +! !+t" ,r':!tan&' u0a +u7!+ta/'4 a*un+ ,r':!t'+ &!5!0 +!r *!5a&'+ !0 2'nta

n' &!+!n5'*5i0!nt'4 tai+ 2'0'( &i+,'ni7i*i&a&!4 0anut!n/'4 )*!Fi7i*i&a&! ',!ra2i'na* !


24/112

22

2u+t'. A++i04 !Fi+t!0 &i5!r+'+ ti,'+ &! t','*'ia ,ara 6u! a+ *in-a+ +! 2'n!2t!0 &'

tran+)'r0a&'r 2ara. A +!uir !+t/' '+ !F!0,*'+ &! arran:'+ &'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+(

Barra0!nt' Si0,*!+ Barra0!nt' Du,*' Barra0!nt' Si0,*!+ S!22i'na&' Barra0!nt' ,rin2i,a* ! &! Tran+)!rn2ia Barra0!nt' &u,*' 2'0 &i+:unt'r Barra0!nt' &u,*' &! &i+:unt'r ! 0!i' Barra0!nt' !0 An!*.

6*6*6 D$1@,"0r

O &i+:unt'r 1 u0 0!2ani+0' &!+tina&' 0an'7ra ! ,r't!/'. E+t! ,!r0it! a a7!rtura

'u ' )!2-a0!nt' &'+ 2ir2uit'+ &! ,'tn2ia !0 6uai+6u!r 2'n&i@!+ &! ',!ra/' ,'&!n&' !+ta

!+tar !0 +itua/' n'r0a*4 'u !0 +itua/' an'r0a*4 0anua* 'u aut'0"ti2a. S/' ta0710

+'*i2ita&'+ a int!rr'0,!r 2'rr!nt!+ &! 2ir2uit'+ ',!ran&' a ,*!na 2ara ! a 5a;i'.A 2'rr!nt! &! &i+,ar' &' &i+:unt'r 1 &!)ini&a ,'r I& ta* 6u! I& ` %4#X.In'0Q ! 2'0'

2'n&i/' I&&!5! +!r 0!n'r 6u! a 2a,a2i&a&! &! 2'n&u/' &! 2'rr!nt! &'+ 2'n&ut'r!+ &'

2ir2uit'.A )iura # a7aiF' 0'+tra ' 2ir2uit' &! a2i'na0!nt' &' &i+:unt'r n' 6ua* ' r!*1 &!t!2ta a

2'n&i/' an'r0a* &' +i+t!0a ,'r int!r01&i' &! u0 tran+)'r0a&'r &! in+tru0!nt'+. Na )iura

' r!*1 1 2'n!2ta&' a' +!2un&"ri' &' tran+)'r0a&'r &! 2'rr!nt! TCQ4 !n6uant' 6u! ' ,ri0"ri'

1 2'n!2ta&' *in-a &a )a+! ,r't!i&a. ]uan&' +! &!t!2ta u0 au0!nt' na 2'rr!nt! na )a+! &a

*in-a 2'n!2ta&a a' ,ri0"ri'4 n' +!2un&"ri' !+ta 2'rr!nt! ir" t!r u0 au0!nt' ,r','r2i'na*.

N!+t! in+tant!4 a 7'7ina &! a7!rtura &' &i+:unt'r tripping coilQ 1 !n!ri;a&a ! a++i04 a7r! '+

2'ntat'+ ,rin2i,ai+ &' &i+:unt'r.

3iura # = 3un2i'na0!nt' &' Di+:unt'r Rut- L!/'4 an'ta@!+ &! au*a U3CQ.


25/112

23

]uan&' '+ 2'ntat'+ &! u0 &i+:unt'r !+t/' +! a7rin&' ,ara i+'*ar '+ 2ir2uit'+4 &"+! a

)'r0a/' &! u0 ar2' !*1tri2' n' ,'nt' &! +!,ara/'. S! a+ ran&!;a+ &a t!n+/' ! &a 2'rr!nt!

+/' +u)i2i!nt!0!nt! ran&!+ ,ara 6u! !+t! ar2' !*1tri2' +!:a 0anti&'4 )'r0a+! u0 2a0in-'

,ara a 2'n&u/' &! 2'rr!nt! ! !0 2'n:unt' -" a )'r0a/' &! a+!+ &!5i&' i'ni;a/' &'

+i+t!0a4 ,'&!n&' a t!0,!ratura atinir 2!r2a &! #$$$C. C'0' !++! ar2' 2au+a ,r'7*!0a+

,ara '+ !6ui,a0!nt'+4 &!5!+! !Ftinui*' ,'&!n&'+! uti*i;ar '+ +!uint!+ ,r'2!&i0!nt'+(

Au0!nt' r",i&' &' 2'0,ri0!nt' &' Ar2' R!+)ria0!nt' &' Ar2' D! i'ni;a/' R!!+ta7!*!2i0!nt' r",i&' &a rii&!; &i!*1tri2a &' 0!i'.

Para 6u! !++!+ ,r'2!&i0!nt'+ +!:a0 r!a*i;a&'+4 '+ &i+:unt'r!+ uti*i;a0 &a+ +!uint!+t12ni2a+(

Jat' &! ar 2'0,ri0i&' CY0!ra &! *!' CY0ara &! 5"2u' Jat' &! S3.

A !+,!2i)i2a/' &' &i+:unt'r +!u! a +!uint! r!ra(

C'n+i&!ra@!+ +'7r! N5!* &! t!n+/' ! C*a++! &! i+'*a/'T!n+/' N'0ina*...............................................>WV?T!n+/' M"Fi0a &! S!r5i'..............................>WV?C*a++! &! I+'*a/'...........................................>WV?3r!6un2ia.......................................................>H;?

E"1&$ #( I1;&4':

T!n+/' A,*i2a&a = $ H; = % 0in.....................>WV? I0,u*+' = %4# F X$b+ = $4X J ............................>WV?T!n+/' &! R"&i' Int!r)!rn2ia(o T!n+/' )a+!t!rra................................>WV?o 3r!6un2ia 0!&i&a.............................>MH;?o T!n+/' &! Int!r)!rn2ia M!&i&a.........>bV?

6*6*7 C&(1 S(%%$"r&1

A+ 2-a5!+ +!22i'na&'ra+ +/' uti*i;a&a+ ,ri0'r&ia*0!nt! ,ara !+ta7!*!2!r 'u a +!,ara/'

&! &'i+ 2'0,'n!nt!+ 'u 2ir2uit'+ &! u0 +i+t!0a !*1tri2'. Di)!r!nt! &' &i+:unt'r a )un/' &a

2-a5! +!22i'na&'ra n/' 1 int!rr'0,!r a 2'rr!nt! &! &!)!it'. P'rtant'4 a +!22i'na&'ra &!5!r"

i+'*ar a "r!a &!)!itu'+a a,+ a a/' &' &i+:unt'r4 'u +!:a4 +ua atua/' na 0ai'ria &a+ 5!;!+ 1


26/112

2

2'0 ' +i+t!0a +!0 2ara4 i+'*an&' &i+:unt'r!+4 tran+)'r0a&'r!+ &! 0!&i/' ! ,r't!/' !

7arra0!nt'+.N'r0a*0!nt! a+ 2-a5!+ +!22i'na&'ra+ +/' in+ta*a&a+ a' *a&' &'+ &i+:unt'r!+4 a++i04 a

2'rr!nt! 6u! ,a++a ,!*' &i+:unt'r +!r" a 0!+0a 6u! ,a++ar" ,!*a 2-a5! +!22i'na&'ra4 &!+ta)'r0a4 '+ n5!i+ tant' &! 2'rr!nt! n'0ina* 6uant' &! 2urt'2ir2uit' t!r/' 5a*'r!+ a,r'Fi0a&'+

,ara ' &i0!n+i'na0!nt' &! a07'+ '+ !6ui,a0!nt'+.D!,!n&!n&' &a )un2i'na*i&a&! a 6ua* a 2-a5! +!22i'na&'ra +!r" a,*i2a&a na +u7!+ta/'4

!+ta ,'&!r" 2'nt!r &i+,'+iti5'+ ,ara r!a*i;ar &i)!r!nt!+ ati5i&a&!+4 ta* 2'0' a+ 2-a5!+

+!22i'na&'ra+ ,'++ui&'ra+ &! *Y0ina+ &' ti,' )a2a4 ,ara r!a*i;ar a+ ',!ra@!+ &! a7rir !

)!2-ar4 ,'&!n&' !+tar :unt' 2'0 u0 +i+t!0a ,'rta)u+5!*4 n' 6ua* r!a*i;a a )un/' &!

,r't!/' &'+ 2'0,'n!nt!+ a 6ua* +! !+t" )a;!n&' ' +!22i'na0!nt'.

A+ 2-a5!+ +!22i'na&'ra+ &!5!0 +!r a2i'na&a+ ,ara 6u! !+ta +! a7ra 'u +! )!2-!.EFi+t!0 &'i+ ti,'+ &! a2i'na0!nt'+4 ' a2i'na0!nt' 0anua* ! ' a2i'na0!nt' 0't'ri;a&'.

Na !+,!2i)i2a/' &!++!+ 2'0,'n!nt!+ 1 &! )un&a0!nta* i0,'rtYn2ia r!*a2i'nar a+

,rin2i,ai+ ran&!;a+ ',!rati5a+ !0 t!n+/' ! 2'rr!nt! &' 0!+0'4 tai+ 2'0'(

T!n+/' N'0ina* &! ',!ra/' ...................................... >WV? T!n+/' M"Fi0a &! ',!ra/'....................................... >WV? C*a++! &! I+'*a/' T!n+/' A,*i2a&a % 0in = $ H;Q >WV?

En+ai' &! I0,u*+' %4# F X$ c+ NBIQ........................... >WV?

C'rr!nt! N'0ina* ......................................................... >A? C'rr!nt! N'0ina* Si01tri2a &! Int!rru,/' ................ .>A? C'rr!nt! &inY0i2a !+ta7!*!2i0!nt' 'u 2ri+taQ ............ >A? C'rr!nt!+ &! 2urta &ura/' % +! ! %$ +! Q ............. >A?

N' 2a+' &a 2-a5! +!22i'na&'ra +!r &' ti,' +'7 2ara4 !+ta 1 2'n+tru&a 2'0 &i+,'+iti5'+

2a,a;!+ &! +u,'rtar a !Ftin/' &' Ar2' E*1tri2' !0 +!u+ 2'ntat'+ tant' )iF'+4 6uant' 05!i+.

S/' 2a,a;!+ &! int!rr'0,!r at1 +ua 2'rr!nt! n'r0a* &! ',!ra/' 2'rr!nt! n'0ina*Q.

6*6*5 R(;$+r(1

O r!*ia&'r 1 u0 &i+,'+iti5'4 a++i0 2'0' a 2-a5! +!22i'na&'ra4 &!+tina&' int!rru,/'

&' +i+t!0a4 2'0 a &i)!r!na &! 6u! !+t! 1 u0 !6ui,a0!nt' aut'2'ntr'*a&' 2'0 2a,a2i&a&!

&! +! aut'r!*iar a,+ u0 t!0,' ,r1&!t!r0ina&'.

E*! t!0 2a,a2i&a&! &!(

R!*iar ' +i+t!0a ! r!!n!ri;ar a *in-a &! tran+0i++/' D!t!2tar 2'n&i@!+ &! +'7r!2'rr!nt!


27/112

2!

Int!rr'0,!r ' 2ir2uit' +! a 2'rr!nt! &! )a*ta ,!r0an!2! ,'r u0 t!0,' 0ai'r 6u! '

!+,!2i)i2a&'4 &! a2'r&' 2'0 a 2ur5a t F I B*'6u!ar a +!6un2ia &! ',!ra/' ,ara ' 6ua* )'i ,r'ra0a&'.

O )un2i'na0!nt' &! u0 r!*ia&'r ,'&! +!r &!+2rit' a +!uir(

]uan&' ' r!*ia&'r &!t!2ta u0a 2'rr!nt! &! )a*ta4 !*! ',!ra &!+*ian&' ! r!*ian&'

aut'0ati2a0!nt! ' 2ir2uit' u0 n0!r' &! 5!;!+ 6u! &!,!n&! &! +ua 2'n)iura/' ! &a

2'rr!nt! &! )a*ta A )a*ta 1 !*i0ina&a &! a2'r&' 2'0 a 2ur5a &! ',!ra/' &!+t! !6ui,a0!nt' O+ 2'ntat'+ &' r!*ia&'r +/' 0anti&'+ a7!rt'+ ,'r u0 &!t!r0ina&' t!0,'. A,+ !++!

t!0,' '+ 2'ntat'+ +/' r!2'n!2ta&'+ )a;!n&' 2'0 6u! a !n!ria +!:a r!!+ta7!*!2i&a S! 0!+0' a,+ !+t! r!*ia0!nt' a 2'rr!nt! &! )a*ta ain&a !+ti5!r ain&' n' +i+t!0a4 a

0!+0a atua/' &!+2rita ant!ri'r0!nt! +!r" r!a*i;a&a 0ai+ tr+ 5!;!+4 na 6uarta ' 2ir2uit' +!r"

a7!rt' ,!r0an!nt!0!nt! 7*'6u!an&' ' r!*ia0!nt' Para 6u! -a:a n'5a0!nt! u0 )!2-a0!nt' &'+ 2'ntat'+4 u0a ,!++'a &!5!r" r!*iar '

!6ui,a0!nt'4 +!n&'4 ,'rtan&'4 u0 )!2-a0!nt' 0anua*.

O+ R!*ia&'r!+ !+t/' +!n&' a*ta0!nt! uti*i;a&'+ na+ +u7!+ta@!+4 ,'i+ au0!nta a2'n)ia7i*i&a&! &' +i+t!0a.

6*7 P&r&-r&$1

O+ ,ararai'+ +/' !6ui,a0!nt'+ &!+tina&'+ +u,r!++/' &! +urt'+. N'r0a*0!nt! !+t/'

na+ !ntra&a+ &! *in-a4 +a&a+ &! *in-a+ ! na !Ftr!0i&a&! &! a*u0a+ 7arra+ &! 01&ia t!n+/'

&a+ +u7!+ta@!+ ,ara 6u! r!a*i;! a ,r't!/' 2'ntra a+ +'7r!t!n+/' i0,'+ta+ a' +i+t!0a4 !+ta+

,'&!n&' +!r !ra&a+ &! i0,u*+'+ at0'+)1ri2'+ 'u ,'r 2-a5!a0!nt'+ in&u+triai+.

O+ ,ararai'+ +/' &i+,'+iti5'+ 2'n+titu&'+ &! r!+i+t'r!+ n/' *in!ar!+ 2'n+titu&'+ &! SiC

Si*i2'n Car7i&!Q ' 6ua* &i0inu!0 +ua r!+i+tn2ia &! a2'r&' 2'0 ' au0!nt' &a t!n+/' &!

i0,u*+'.

P!*a N'r0a4 a !+,!2i)i2a/' t12ni2a &'+ ,ararai'+ *!5a !0 2'n+i&!ra/' a

&!t!r0ina/' &'+ 5a*'r!+ &a r!*a/' n' ,'nt' 'n&! 5ai +!r in+ta*a&' !++!


28/112

26

!6ui,a0!nt'. Da +ai ' t!r0' 3at'r &! At!rra0!nt' 3 at!rra0!nt'Q4 a t!n+/' ,+)a*ta na

2'n&i/' &! )ua ,ara a t!rra t!0 2'0' )un/' !+ta r!*a/'. L''(

Vn'0ina*PRd 3at!rra0!nt'F V0aF)a+!


29/112

27

;( N&0,r&; . Ar Fr4 ONAF= Ra&ia&'r!+ 2'0 5!nti*a&'r!+. ;( Fr4 . Ar )r4 OFAF = Tr'2a&'r!+ &! 2a*'r 2'0 7'07a !

5!nti*a&'r!+.

;( D$r$+$# . Ar Fr4 ODAF = Tr'2a&'r!+ &! 2a*'r 2'0 7'07a+ !5!nti*a&'r!+ Tu7u*a/' &! *!' &!ntr' &' tan6u! uian&' ,ara ' !nr'*a0!nt'Q.

;( Fr4 . +,& Fr4 OFWF= Tr'2a&'r!+ 2'0 "ua ! 7'07a+.

6*= B&"% #( C&3&%$0r(1

O+ Ban2'+ &! Ca,a2it'r!+ t!0 2'0' )un@!+(

C'0,!n+a/' &' )at'r &! ,'tn2ia &a in+ta*a/'

R!u*a/' &a T!n+/'

3i*tra!n+ &! 2'0,'n!nt!+ -ar0ni2a+ na r!&!.

O+ 7an2'+ &! 2a,a2it'r!+4 ,'rtant'4 !ra0 r!ati5'+ ,ara 2'0,!n+ar a !n!ria r!ati5a

,r!+!nt! n'+ +i+t!0a+ !*1tri2'+4 *i7!ran&' a 2a,a2i&a&! &a P'tn2ia t'ta* in+ta*a&a >WVA?4

!ran&' u0a r!&u/' +ini)i2ati5a &! 2'rr!nt! 2ir2u*ant! n'+ 2a7'+ &a+ *in-a+ &! tran+0i++/'

6u! !+t/' !n5'*5i&'+ 2'0 a 2'0,!n+a/' &! r!ati5'. L''4 -a5!r" u0a r!&u/' n'

a6u!2i0!nt' tant' n'+ 2a7'+ 2'0' n'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ 2'n!2ta&'+ a' +i+t!0a4 r!&u/' na6u!&a &! t!n+/'4 ! au0!nt' &' r!n&i0!nt' t'ta* &!++! +i+t!0a !*1tri2'.

6* C"#,0r(1 E;>0r$%1

O+ 2'n&ut'r!+ !*1tri2'+ +/' !++!n2iai+ ,ara a tran+0i++/' &! 2'rr!nt! na+ +u7!+ta@!+ !

+i+t!0a+ &! tran+0i++/' !0 !ra*.

T!0 a+ +!uint!+ 2ara2t!r+ti2a+(

A*ta 2'n&uti7i*i&a&! !*1tri2a BaiF' 2u+t'4 2'0,ara&' 2'0 t'&' ' +i+t!0a T!0 a*ta r!+i+tn2ia 0!2Yni2a ! a u0i&a&! BaiF' ,!+' !+,!2)i2' A*ta r!+i+tn2ia 'Fi&a/' ! 2'rr'+/'.

O+ 0at!riai+ 0ai+ 2'0un+ uti*i;a&'+ n'+ 2a7'+ &! tran+0i++/'4 +/' ' 2'7r! ! a*u0ni'.

O 2'7r! 1 u0 0!*-'r 2'n&ut'r 2'0,ara&' 2'0 ' a*u0ni'4 ,'i+ t!0 0!n'r r!+i+tn2ia4


30/112

28

,'r104 +ua &!n+i&a&! 1 0uit' !*!5a&a. E0 2!rta+ a,*i2a@!+4 ' 2'n&ut'r &! a*u0ni' 1 0uit'

0ai+ 2'0,!n+atri' 2'0,ara&' 2'0 ' 2'7r!.

7 EUIPAMENTOS E SISTEMAS DE PROTEO E DIGITALIZAO

7* F&;0&1 "1 S$10(/&1 E;>0r$%1 #( P0Q"%$&

U0a )a*ta '2'rr! 6uan&' &'i+ 'u 0ai+ 2'n&ut'r!+ !ntra0 !0 2'ntat' u0 2'0 ' 'utr'

6uan&' !ntr! !+t!+ !Fi+t! &i)!r!na &! ,'t!n2ia*. Curt'+Cir2uit'+ +/' 2*a++i)i2a&'+ 2'0'(

%Q 3a*ta+ Si01tri2a+ )a*ta+ tri)"+i2a+Q#Q 3a*ta 3a+! = T!rra9Q 3a*ta 3a+! = 3a+!Q 3a*ta 3a+! = 3a+! = T!rra.

3a*-a+ !0 !ra&'r!+ +/' 2au+a&a+ ,!*a 6u!7ra &a i+'*a/' !ntr! a+ !+,ira+ &a+ ran-ura+

'u !ntr! a+ !+,ira+ ! ' 2'0,arti0!nt' 0!t"*i2' &' !ra&'r. A 0!+0a +itua/' '2'rr! n'+

Tran+)'r0a&'r!+. E++a 6u!7ra &! i+'*a/' 1 &!5i&' &!t!ri'ra/' &a i+'*a/' 2'07ina&' 2'0

' 2-a5!a0!nt' &a+ *in-a+ !0r$%&1

U0a t,i2a r!&! !*1tri2a 1 0'+tra&a na 3iura 9.

A r!&! !*1tri2a t!0 in2i' n' G!ra&'r &! !n!ria. A,+ +!r !ra&a a !n!ria 1

tran+)'r0a&a na+ Su7!+ta@!+ ! tran+0iti&a atra51+ &a+ *in-a+ &! tran+0i++@!+ +!n&' !nt/'

!ntr!u! a' 2*i!nt! )ina* ,ara uti*i;a/'.


31/112

29

3iura 9 = T,i2a R!&! E*1tri2a = M'&i)i2a&a ,!*' aut'r C'7u+ Strau++4 #$$Q.

7*6* E10,# #&1 r(#(1 (;>0r$%&1

E+t!+ !+tu&'+ 2'n+i+t!0 n'r0a*0!nt! n' !+tu&' &! tran+0i++/' &! 2ara+4 2"*2u*' &'

n5!* &! )a*ta ! !+tu&'+ &! !+ta7i*i&a&! &' +i+t!0a. N!+t! tra7a*-'4 ' )'2' +!r" n' 2"*2u*' &'

n5!* &! )a*ta &! +i+t!0a.O n5!* &! 2'rr!nt! 6u! ,!r2'rr! '+ +i+t!0a+ &! ,'tn2ia a,+ u0a )a*ta &' +i+t!0a

!*1tri2' &i)!r!0 &a 2'rr!nt! 6u! ,!r2'rr! ' 0!+0' +i+t!0a na 2'n&i/' &! !+ta&' ,!r0an!nt!.

E++a+ 2'rr!nt!+ &! 2urt'2ir2uit' &!t!r0ina0 '+ 5a*'r!+ n'0inai+ &'+ &i+:unt'r!+ ! ,ain1i+

6u! !+t/' in+ta*a&'+ n' +i+t!0a. E+,!2i)i2a&a0!nt!4 !++a 2'rr!nt! 1 a 2'rr!nt! *'' a,+ a

)a*ta ! 1 a 2'rr!nt! 6u! ' &i+:unt'r &!5! int!rr'0,!r. O+ 2"*2u*'+ &! )a*ta 2'n+i+t!0 !0 ,r!5!r

a+ 5"ria+ *'2a*i;a@!+ ,ara a+ )a*ta+ n' +i+t!0a4 *''4 !+ta+ t!r/' &i)!r!nt!+ 5a*'r!+. O+ &a&'+

'7ti&'+ &'+ 2"*2u*'+ &! )a*ta ta0710 +/' uti*i;a&'+ ,ara &!t!r0inar a+ 2'n)iura@!+ &'+

r!*1+.

Atua*0!nt!4 ,'&!r'+'+ +')tar!+ ,ara an"*i+! &! +i+t!0a+ !*1tri2'+ t0 +i&' uti*i;a&'+4r!+trinin&' !+)'r'+ -u0an'+ ,ara 2a*2u*ar '+ &a&'+ n'0inai+ &'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ &!


32/112

30

,r't!/'4 2'0 &a&'+ 0uit' 0ai+ ,r!2i+'+4 0ant!n&' a++i0 +i+t!0a+ &! ,'tn2ia 0ai+

!)i2i!nt!+ C'7u+ Strau++4 #$$Q.

7*6*6 F,"#&/("01 #& 3r0(4' # 1$10(/& (;>0r$%

N/' 1 !2'n'0i2a0!nt! 5i"5!* ! r!a*i;"5!* 2'n+truir u0 !6ui,a0!nt' 6u! nun2a ir"

)a*-ar !0 +!r5i'. E6ui,a0!nt'+ n'r0a*0!nt! )a*-a04 ! ' ni2' 2a0in-' ,ara *i0itar ain&a

0ai+ '+ &an'+4 1 ,r't!!n&' a 5i&a &a ,!++'a4 ,r!5!nin&' ra,i&a0!nt! ! 2'n)ia5!*0!nt! a+

,'++5!i+ )a*-a+. A ,r't!/' &!t!2ta a+ 2'n&i@!+ an'r0ai+4 *'2a*i;a a )a*ta ! !nt/' r!0'5! '

!6ui,a0!nt' &!)!itu'+' &! +!r5i' atra51+ &'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ &! ,r't!/'.

A+ )a*ta+ !*1tri2a+ n'r0a*0!nt! '2'rr!0 &!5i&' a u0a ,an! na i+'*a/' !ntr! '+

2'n&ut'r!+ &! 2'rr!nt! 'u !ntr! '+ 2'n&ut'r!+ ! ' t!rra. A+ )a*ta+ ,'&!0 +!r 'riina&a+ &!5i&'

a +u,!ra6u!2i0!nt'4 )a*-a 0!2Yni2a4 +'7r!t!n+/'4 i'ni;a/' &' ar4 &!t!ri'ra/' &'

!6ui,a0!nt'4 0a* u+' &'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+4 5an&a*i+0'+4 !ntr! 'utra+ 2au+a+.

A+ )a*ta+ +/' 2*a++i)i2a&a+ !0 &'i+ ti,'+( Si01tri2a+ ! A++i01tri2a+ &!+7a*an2!a&a+Q. A+

)a*ta+ +i01tri2a+ !n5'*5!0 t'&a+ a+ tr+ )a+!+ &a+ *in-a+ &! tran+0i++/' ! 2au+a u0a )a*ta

+!5!ra 2'0 ran&!+ &i+tr7i'+ n' +i+t!0a. 3a*ta+ a++i01tri2a+ in2*u!0 )a*ta+ &' ti,'( )a+!

)a+! )a+!t!rra ! )a+!)a+!t!rra.

7*7 C/3"("0(1 # 1$10(/& #( 3r0(4'

7*7* F,1(;

O 0ai+ anti' ! +i0,*!+ !6ui,a0!nt' ! ain&a uti*i;a&' !0 *ara !+2a*a. Sua ',!ra/' 1

7!0 +i0,*!+4 ' 2a*'r 6u! a a*ta 2'rr!nt! 2au+a n' !*!0!nt'4 2au+a ' &!rr!ti0!nt' &' )i'

2'n!2t'r4 int!rr'0,!n&' a tran+0i++/' &a !n!ria.

O )u+5!* t!0 u0a 2ur5a ti,i2a0!nt! in5!r+a &! 2'rr!nt! F t!0,' 2'0' ,'&! +!r 5i+t'

a7aiF' na 3iura .


33/112

31

3iura = Cur5a t,i2a &! u0 )u+5!* C'7u+ Strau++4 #$$Q.

O+ )u+5!i+ ,'&!0 a,!na+ &!t!2tar )a*ta+ a++'2ia&a+ 2'0 !F2!++' &! 2'rr!nt!. A++i04

u0 )u+5!* 5ai !F,*'&ir a,!na+ nu0a )a*ta 2'0 ' t!rra4 ,'i+ 5ai 2r!+2!r a*10 &! +!u 5a*'r

*i0it! &! +'7r!2'rr!nt!. 3ina*0!nt!4 )u+5!i+ n/' ,'&!0 &ar u0 2'0an&' &! ati5a/' !Ft!rn'

ta* 2'0' )a; ' r!*1 C'7u+ Strau++4 #$$Q.

7*7*6 R(;>1 #( Pr0(4'

R!*1+ &! ,r't!/' r!6u!r!0 u0a ,r!2i+/' tant' !0 +itua/' n'r0a*4 +itua@!+ t'*!r"5!i+

! int'*!r"5!i+ n'+ +i+t!0a+ &! ,'tn2ia ,ara 6u! )aa u0a 2'rr!ta 0!&i/' ! atua/'.

N'r0a*0!nt! '+ r!*1+ '7t10 in)'r0a/' &! Tran+)'r0a&'r!+ &! In+tru0!nt'+4 !F2!/' n'

2a+' &' r!*1 &! t!0,!ratura 6u! '7t10 '+ &a&'+ ,'r t!r0',ar!+.

EFi+t! u0 2a+' 'n&! '2'rr! a 2'07ina/' R!*1


34/112

32

BTU+ t!0 +! t'rna&' a5ana&' na !ra &a !*!trni2a4 2'0 a *i0ita/' &! 2'rr!nt!4

r!u*a/' &! t!n+/'4 2'0 a5ana&' +i+t!0a &! 0'nit'ra/'4 !ntr! 'utr'+ )at'r!+.

Ga+ In+u*at!& +it2-!ar GISQ t!0 an-a&' ,',u*ari&a&!4 !+,!2ia*0!nt! !0 ,a+!+

'n&! a "r!a ,ara a 2'n+tru/' &! +i+t!0a+ &! ,r't!/' 1 u0a *i0ita/'. A GIS 1 t'&a

!n5'*5i&a ,'r a+!+ S3.

O+ r!*1+ 0'&!rn'+ atua*0!nt! t!0 u0 +i+t!0a a5ana&' &! aut' 0'nit'ra/' 2'0 u0

2ir2uit' &! +u,!r5i+/' 6u! ati5a u0 a*ar0! 6uan&' !+t! &!t!2ta u0a )a*ta4 au0!ntan&' a

2'n)ia7i*i&a&! &! t'&' ' +i+t!0a.

7*7*7 Tr&"1)r/r #( P0("%$&;

O Tran+)'r0a&'r &! P't!n2ia* t!0 ,'r )un@!+ ,rin2i,ai+(

I+'*ar ' +i+t!0a &! 7aiFa t!n+/' &' &! a*ta t!n+/'

3'rn!2!r u0a t!n+/' n' +!2un&"ri' ,r','r2i'na* t!n+/' ,ri0"ria4 2'0 2!rt' rau &!

,r!2i+/'4 &!ntr' &! u0a )aiFa !+,!2i)i2a&a ,ara t!n+/' ,ri0"ria.

O Tran+)'r0a&'r &! P't!n2ia* a++i0 2'0' 6ua*6u!r 'utr' ti,' &! 0"6uina !*1tri2a

uti*i;a ' ,rin2,i' &a in&u/' !*!tr'0an1ti2a4 6u! 1 ' )!n0!n' 6u! 'riina a ,r'&u/' &!

u0a )'ra !*!tr'0'tri; nu0 0at!ria* )!rr'0an1ti2' !F,'+t' a u0 2a0,' 0an1ti2' 5ari"5!*.

E a++i0 2'0' ' tran+)'r0a&'r &! )'ra4 ,'++ui u0a r!*a/' &! tran+)'r0a/' 6u! 1

r!*a2i'na&' &! a2'r&' 2'0 ' n0!r' &! !nr'*a0!nt'+ !ntr! ' ,ri0"ri' ! ' +!2un&"ri'4

2-a0a&' &! R(;&4' N/$"&; #( Tr&"1)r/&4' #( P0("%$&; RTP 'u +!:a(

9Q

C;&11( #( Pr(%$1'

S!uin&' a+ N'r0a+ 5i!nt!+4 a+ 2*a++!+ &! ,r!2i+/' +! *i0ita0 a'+ 5a*'r!+ &! $49e4

$4e ! %4#e.

C&r+&1 3&r& Tr&"1)r/r(1 #( P0("%$&;


35/112

33

A++i0 2'0' a+ 2*a++!+ &! ,r!2i+/'4 a+ ,'tn2ia+ &! 2ara+ +/' n'r0a*i;a&a+ ,!*a ABNT

! *i0ita0+! a'+ +!uint!+ 5a*'r!+( P%#4X = P#X = P8X = P#$$ = P$$ >VA?. Para a+ N'r0a+

ANSI


36/112

3

Ogap1 uti*i;a&' ,ara 2a+' a 2'rr!nt! n' +!2un&"ri' au0!nt! 2'n+i&!ra5!*0!nt! +!u

5a*'r4 ,'r !F!0,*'4 u0 2urt'2ir2uit'4 ,'i+ &!+ta )'r0a ' ,'nt' T ,'&! atinir n5!i+

,!ri'+'+. E+t!gap!nt/' t!0 ,'r '7:!ti5' *i0itar !++a t!n+/' a n5!i+ +!ur'+.

O+ 5a*'r!+ n'0inai+ 6u! 2ara2t!ri;a0 u0 tran+)'r0a&'r &! ,'t!n2ia* +/'(

T!n+/' Pri0"ria N'0ina* ! r!*a/' n'0ina* N5!* &! I+'*a0!nt' 3r!6un2ia n'0ina* Cara n'0ina* C*a++! &! !Fati&/' P'tn2ia t1r0i2a n'0ina*.

7*7*5 Tr&"1)r/r #( Crr("0( 3&r& 3r0(4' %"0r;( ( /(#$4'

O+ Tran+)'r0a&'r!+ &! C'rr!nt! TCQ +/' !6ui,a0!nt'+ &!+tina&'+ a&!6ua/' &a

2'rr!nt! 6u! 2ir2u*a na+ )a+!+ &' +i+t!0a &! ,'tn2ia 2'0 a )ina*i&a&! &! ,r't!/'4 0!&i/'

'u 2'ntr'*!. N'r0a*0!nt!4 ' tran+)'r0a&'r &! 2'rr!nt! t!0 !0 +!u *a&' ,ri0"ri' 2'rr!nt!+ &!

ran&! int!n+i&a&! na 'r&!0 &! >WA?4 6u! +/' a+ 2'rr!nt!+ &' +i+t!0a &! ,'tn2ia ! 2'rr!nt!+

&! 7aiFa int!n+i&a&! n' +!u !nr'*a0!nt' +!2un&"ri' na 'r&!0 &! % X >A?4 6u! +!r/'

uti*i;a&'+ !0 !6ui,a0!nt'+ &! 0!&i/' ! 2'ntr'*!.

O+ TC^+ ta0710 ,'&!0 +!r t!i+ 6uan&' u0 +i+t!0a ,r!2i+a &! i+'*a/' !ntr! 2ir2uit'+4

,rin2i,a*0!nt! !0 +i+t!0a+ &! BaiFa T!n+/' BTQ4 ! i++' +!n&' ,'++5!* +!0 a*t!rar ' n5!*

&! 2'rr!nt! ,ara a 0!&i/' 'u 2'ntr'*!4 !+t! ti,' &! TC 1 2-a0a&' &! Tran+)'r0a&'r &!

I+'*a/'.

T$31 C"10r,0$1 #( TC1

S/' 2*a++i)i2a&'+ !0 &'i+ ti,'+4 Ti,' A ! Ti,' B4 r!+,!2ti5a0!nt! &! a*ta ! 7aiFa

i0,!&Yn2ia. O Ti,' A &! a*ta i0,!&Yn2ia t!0 7aiFa &i+,!r+/' &' )*uF' 0an1ti2' 6uan&'

r!)!ri&' a' +!u +!2un&"ri'. Da 0!+0a )'r0a4 ' Ti,' B t!0 a*ta &i+,!r+/' 6uan&' ana*i+a&'

&' +!u *a&' +!2un&"ri'. D! a2'r&' 2'0 a+ N'r0a+ t12ni2a+ 5i!nt!+4 &!)in!+! u0 TC &! a*ta

i0,!&Yn2ia 2'0' +!n&' ' &! ti,' B'7ina&' wound typeQ 6u! ,'&! +!r '7+!r5a&' na 3iura 4

6uan&' !+t! &!+tina&' a ,r't!/'4 !+ta a*ta i0,!&Yn2ia 1 &!5i&' +ua !+trutura 2'n+truti5a.

P'r 'utr' *a&'4 a !+trutura &' ti,' T'r'i&a*4 n'r0a*0!nt! ,'++ui !0 +!u+ !nr'*a0!nt'+


37/112

3!

,ri0"ri' ! +!2un&"ri' u0 2'n&ut'r +i0,*!+4 r!)*!tin&' u0a 7aiFa i0,!&Yn2ia4 2'0' ,'&! +!r

'7+!r5a&' na 3iura 8.

3iura = Enr'*a0!nt' B'7ina&' G''*! i0a!+4 #$%#Q

3iura 8 = Enr'*a0!nt' T'r'i&a* G''*! i0a!+4 #$%#Q

D(1(/3(" #( 0r&"1)r/r(1 #( %rr("0( (/ %/3"("0(1 1$/>0r$%&1

Para 2'0,'n!nt!+ +i01tri2a+4 ' &!+!0,!n-' 1 &!t!r0ina&' ,!*a 0ai'r 2'rr!nt! 6u!

,'&! +!r 2a,ta&a +!0 +atura/' &' 2'0,'n!nt!.

T!0'+ ,'r &!)ini/' ta0710 6u! a R(;&4' #( Tr&"1)r/&4' #( Crr("0(RTCQ &!

u0 Tran+)'r0a&'r &! C'rr!nt! 1 &a&a ,!*a +!uint! )r0u*a(

Q

Atua*0!nt! '+ r!*1+ &! ,r't!/' +/' &! 0ai'ria &iita*4 ! uti*i;a0 u0a 2'rr!nt! &! I +!2d

% A4 :" '+ r!*1+ 2'n5!n2i'nai+4 !*!tr'0!2Yni2'+ n!2!++ita0 &! u0a 2'rr!nt! &! I+!2d X A.

D(1(/3(" 3(; 3r' ANSIIEEE


38/112

36

EFi+t!0 &'i+ ti,'+ &! 2*a++! ,a&r/'( C*a++! T4 ,!*' 6ua* ' &!+!0,!n-' n/' 1 )"2i* &!

2a*2u*ar. D!+ta )'r0a4 '+ )a7ri2ant!+ &' !6ui,a0!nt' &!5!0 uti*i;ar a 2ur5a &a&a na 3iura

,ara a r!a*i;a/' &! t!+t!+. E ' Tran+)'r0a&'r &! C'rr!nt! &! C*a++! C4 n' 6ua* '

&!+!0,!n-' ,'&! +!r 2a*2u*a&'. A+ &!+ina@!+ +/' +!ui&a+ ,'r u0 n0!r' in&i2a&'r &a

t!n+/' n' +!2un&"ri' 6u! ' TC ,'&! !ntr!ar a u0a 2ara &! #$ 5!;!+ ' n'0ina* &'

+!2un&"ri'4 +!0 !F2!&!r %$e &a r!*a/' &! 2'rr!/'4 0'+tra&' na 3iura .

3iura = Cur5a &! r!*a/' &! +'7r!2'rr!nt! ,ara TC &! 2*a++! T B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

3iura = Ca,a2i&a&! &! T!n+/' n' +!2un&"ri' ,ara &i)!r!nt!+ TC+ &! 2*a++! T B*a2W7urn4 %Q


39/112

37

A++i04 a+ t!n+@!+ +/' &! %$$4 #$$4 $$ ! $$. C'rr!+,'n&!n&' a 2ara+ ,a&r'ni;a&a+ &!

C%4 C#4 C4 C r!+,!2ti5a0!nt!4 !+tan&' !+ta+ 2ara+ a u0 )at'r &! ,'tn2ia &! $.X.

C;&11( #( Pr(%$1' # TC

A+ ',!ra@!+ &! tran+)'r0a/' &!5!0 +!r r!a*i;a&a+ &! a2'r&' 2'0 u0a 2*a++! &!

,r!2i+/'4 &a&a u0a 2ara n' +!u +!2un&"ri'.

Para a+ a,*i2a@!+ &! ,r't!/'4 a 2*a++! &! ,r!2i+/' 1 n'r0a*i;a&a !0 %$e. Para

+itua@!+ &! 0!&i/'4 a 2*a++! &! ,r!2i+/' n!2!++ita +!r &! $49e 0!&i/' &! )atura0!nt'Q

$4e uti*i;a&' !0 a,*i2a@!+ !+,!2)i2a+Q %4#e uti*i;a&' !0 ,ain1i+Q ! 94$e uti*i;a&a

,ara a,*i2a@!+ !0 !ra*Q.

A++i04 ,'r !+,!2i)i2a/' &a IEC4 a ,r!2i+/' &' Tran+)'r0a&'r &! C'rr!nt! 1 &a&a ,'r(

%X VA C*a++! %$ P #$

N' 6ua*(

$ 1 a P'tn2ia A,ar!nt! &' TC

%$ 1 a 2*a++! &! ,r!2i+/' &' TC

P in&i2a 6u! 1 ,ara ,r't!/' #$ 1 ' )at'r &! *i0ita/'.

C&r+&1 (/ Tr&"1)r/r(1 #( Crr("0(

S'7r!2ara+ !0 TC^+ &!5!0 +!r !5ita&a+4 ,'i+ !+t! i0,*i2a !0 &!+5i'+ n'+ 5a*'r!+

n'0inai+ &' )*uF' 0an1ti2' 6u! 2ir2u*a ,!*' n2*!' &' tran+)'r0a&'r. D!+ta )'r0a4 a RTC

a2a7a n/' 5!ri)i2an&' 0ai+ ' 5a*'r !+,!2i)i2a&' ,'r N'r0a B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

L$/$0(1 T>r/$%1

A++i0 2'0' t'&'+ '+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ 6u! t!0 2'0' '7:!ti5' 2'n&u;ir 2'rr!nt!4 ' TC

,'++ui u0 *i0it! t1r0i2' !ra&' ,!*a+ 2'rr!nt!+ 6u! 2ir2u*a0 !0 +!u+ !nr'*a0!nt'+4 +!n&'

a++i04 n!2!++"ri' u0 2'ntr'*! &a r!*a/' t!0,' F 2'rr!nt! ,ara +!u+ !nr'*a0!nt'+.

O TC n!2!++ita &! n'r0a*i;a/' &! )at'r!+ t1r0i2'+ ,ara 6u! a 2'rr!nt! +!:a

&!5i&a0!nt! 2'ntr'*a&a. Tai+ )at'r!+ +/'( F&0r 0>r/$% , F&0 #( S9r(%&r+& F 6u!


40/112

38

0'nit'ra '+ n5!i+ &! +'7r!2ara i0,'+ta a' TC F&0r(1 #( S9r(%rr("0( "/$"&; FS&0

6u! 2'ntr'*a ' n5!* &! )*uF' !Fi+t!nt! n' n2*!'.

C&r&%0(r$2&4' #( ,/ Tr&"1)r/r #( Crr("0(

C'rr!nt! N'0ina* ! R!*a/' N'0ina*N5!* &! i+'*a0!nt'3r!6un2ia N'0ina*Cara N'0ina*C*a++! &! EFati&/'3at'r &! +'7r!2'rr!nt! N'0ina*3at'r T1r0i2' N'0ina*C'rr!nt! t1r0i2a N'0ina*C'rr!nt! DinY0i2a N'0ina*.

Na Ta7!*a % a7aiF' !+t" 0'+tra&' a+ 2ara+ n'0inai+ ,ara '+ tran+)'r0a&'r!+ &!

2'rr!nt! ,a&r'ni;a&'+ ,!*a ABNT.

Ta7!*a % = Cara+ n'0inai+ ,ara TC ,a&r'ni;a&a+ ,!*a ABNT

Cara+ n'0inai+ Cara2t!r+ti2a+ a $ H; ! XA

D!+ina/'P'tn2iaA,ar!nt!

3at'r &!P'tn2ia

R!atYn2iaE)!ti5a

hQ

R!atYn2iaIn&uti5a

hQ

I0,!&Yn2iahQ

T!n+/' a#$ F XA

VQ

C #4X #4X $4$ $4$ $4$ $4% %$

C X4$ X4$ $4$ $4% $4$8 $4# #$

C %#4X %#4X $4$ $4X $4#% $4X X$

C ##4X ##4X $4$ $4% $49# $4 $

CX X $4$ %4# $48X %4 %$C$ $ $4$ 94# %4X 94 9$

C#X #X $4X$ $4X $4 %4$ %$$

CX$ X$ $4X$ %4$ %489# #4$ #$$

C%$$ %$$ $4X$ #4$ 94 4$ $$

C#$$ #$$ $4X$ 4$ 4# 4$ $$

Na Ta7!*a # 1 0'+tra&' ' Bur&!n &! a*un+ r!*1+ &iitai+.


41/112

39

Ta7!*a # = Bur&!n &! r!*1+ &iitai+

M#(; # r(;> B,r#(" VA I/3(#8"%$&

8SJ%


42/112

0

E++a +!*!ti5i&a&! 1 '7ti&a atra51+ &a 2*ara &!)ini/' &a+ ;'na+ &! ,r't!/'4 !+t! ti,' &!

,r't!/' 1 &!)ini&' 2'0' uni&a&! &! ,r't!/' ,r't!!n&'4 ,'r !F!0,*'4 u0 tran+)'r0a&'r4

'u !+,!2)i2' 2a7' &! a*i0!nta/'.

U0a uni&a&! &! ,r't!/' ,'&! +!r a*2ana&a 2'n)'r0! a +!uir(

E6ui,a0!nt'+ &! 0!&i/' ! +!n+'ria0!nt' &!5!0 in+ta*a&'+ n' )ina* &! 2a&a

!6ui,a0!nt' &! ,r't!/' H" a n!2!++i&a&! &! -a5!r u0 0!i' &! 2'0uni2a/' !ntr! '+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ a 2a&a

)ina* &! 2'n!F/'4 &! 0an!ira 6u! +! t!n-a a 2'0,ara/' &a+ 2'n&i@!+ !*1tri2a+ ! 6u! a++i04

+! &!t!2t! a )a*ta 6uan&' !+ta !+ti5!r ,r!+!nt!.

A )'r0a 0ai+ 2'0u0 &! uni&a&! &! ,r't!/' 1 a ,r't!/' &i)!r!n2ia* &! 2'rr!nt!4 !+t!+',!ra0 &! a2'r&' 2'0 a L!i &! Kir2-'))4 n' 6ua* &i; 6u! a 2'rr!nt! 6u! !ntra !0 u0 n

&!5!r" t!r ' 0!+0' 5a*'r &a 2'rr!nt! 6u! +ai &!+t! n.

Vanta!n+ &! +! t!r u0a uni&a&! &! ,r't!/'(

A,!na+ ' !6ui,a0!nt' &! )a*ta 1 &!+2'n!2ta&' &' Si+t!0a E*1tri2' Sua ',!ra/' 1 r",i&a4 *i0itan&' &an'+ n'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ ! na ,!++'a 6u! ',!ra '

!6ui,a0!nt' A uni&a&! &! ,r't!/' 1 !+t"5!* A uni&a&! &! ,r't!/' 1 2'n)i"5!* A uni&a&! &! ,r't!/' 1 +!n+5!*.

A+ 0ai'r!+ &!+5anta!n+ &! u0a uni&a&! &! ,r't!/' +/'(

O +i+t!0a 1 0uit' 2ar' E*! a,!na+ 2'n)ia n'+ r!*1+ in+ta*a&'+ n' )i0 &! 2a&a !6ui,a0!nt'

N!2!++ita &! 0anut!n/' 2'n+tant! ,ara 0ant!r a 2'0uni2a/' inta2ta4 &!,!n&!nt! &aa,*i2a/' ! &' a07i!nt!.

A7aiF' na 3iura %% ,'&!0+! 5i+ua*i;ar '+ r!*1+ n' )i0 &! 2a&a 2'n!F/'(


43/112

1

3iura %% = Li0it!+ &a+ ;'na+ &! ,r't!/' C'7u+ Strau++4 #$$Q.

A+ )un@!+ &'+ r!*1+ 0'+tra&'+ na 3iura a2i0a +/'(

R!*1 = Pr't!! ' 2a7' a*i0!nta&'r &' 0't'r ! ' 0't'r M ;'na QR!*1 9 = Pr't!! ' ,ain!* &! 7aiFa t!n+/' ! a+ 7arra+ ;'na 9Q

R!*1 # = Pr't!! '+ 2a7'+ a*i0!nta&'r!+ ! ' tran+)'r0a&'r ;'na #Q

R!*1 % = Pr't!! ' ,ain!* &! a*ta t!n+/' ! a+ 7arra+ ;'na %Q.

O r!*1 &iita*4 ain&a -':! +i0u*a a+ 0!+0a+ 2ara2t!r+ti2a+ &! corrente x tempo &' r!*1

!*!tr'0!2Yni2'4 i+t' ,'r tr+ ra;@!+(

E++a 2ara2t!r+ti2a 1 0uit' !)!ti5a ,ara a 0ai'ria &a+ a,*i2a@!+En!n-!ir'+ ! t12ni2'+ !+t/' )a0i*iari;a&'+ 2'0 !+ta+ 2ara2t!r+ti2a+N'5'+ r!*1+ t!0 6u! tra7a*-ar &a 0!+0a 0an!ira 6u! '+ anti'+4 6u! ain&a !+t/' !0

+!r5i'4 a*10 &! 6u! !++a 2ara2t!r+ti2a &! 2ur5a t!0 +! t'rna&' u0 ,a&r/' int!rna2i'na*.

A +!uir4 na 3iura %# ,'&! +!r '7+!r5a&a a 2ara2t!r+ti2a 2'rr!nt! Ftempo &'+ r!*1+.


44/112

2

3iura %# = EF!0,*' &! 2*a++i)i2a/' &! +'7r!2'rr!nt! C'7u+ Strau++4 #$$Q.

7*= R(;>1 #( 3r0(4' #1 (,$3&/("01 # 1$10(/& (;>0r$%

7*=* Pr0(4' #( +(rr(1

A+ )a*ta+ 2au+a&a+ n'+ !ra&'r!+ &!5!0 +!r 2'n+i&!ra&a+ 2'0 at!n/'4 ,'i+ !+ta+

,'&!0 2au+ar +1ri'+ &an'+ a' +i+t!0a. E++!+ ,r'7*!0a+ ,'&!0 +!r &i5i&i&'+ !0(

%. 3a*ta+ int!rna+ a' !ra&'r &!ntr' &a uni&a&! &! ,r't!/'.#. O,!ra@!+ an'r0ai+ &!ntr' &' !ra&'r 'u 2'n&i@!+ an'r0ai+4 !Ft!rn' a'

!ra&'r4 n' +i+t!0a.

E++!+ !ra&'r!+ +/' ,ri0aria0!nt! !ra&'r!+ +n2r'n'+ ! !ra&'r!+ &! in&u/'.H" &i5!r+'+ r!*1+ &! ,r't!/' &! !ra&'r!+. U0a i0,'rtant! ! 5ita* uni&a&! 1 a &!

r!u*a/' ! 2'ntr'*! &'+ +i+t!0a+. E*!+ t0 +ua ,r,ria ,r't!/'4 *i0it!+ ! 2ara2t!r+ti2a+ &!

+!urana C'7u+ Strau++4 #$$Q.

Pr'7*!0a+ 6u! ,'&!r +!r 2'n+i&!ra&'+ n'+ !ra&'r!+ +!u!0(

%. 3a*ta+ Int!rna+3a*ta n' ,ri0"ri' 'u )a*ta 2'0 ' t!rra n' !+tat'r ! "r!a+ a++'2ia&a+.3a*ta+ &' r't'r 2'0 ' t!rra ! ,!r&a &! !F2ita/' &! 2a0,'.


45/112

3

#. Di+tr7i'+ n' Si+t!0a ! &an'+ ',!ra2i'nai+(

P!r&a &' 0't'r ,rin2i,a* 0'nit'ra/' &' !ra&'r 9#Q.

S'7r!t!n+/'( Pr't!/' &! V'*t 'u H!rt; #Q.D!+2ui&a&' na !n!ri;a/' 2'n!F/' n/' +in2r'ni;a&a 8Q.C'rr!nt!+ &!+7a*an2!a&a+ ,'*' &i+:unt'r &i+ru,ti5' %Q.S'7r!2ara Q.S'7 'u +'7r! )r!6un2ia %Q.S'7r!t!n+/' XQ 'u Su7t!n+/' #8Q.P!r&a &! +in2r'ni+0'.O+2i*a@!+ +u7+n2r'na+.

Pr0(4' #( )&;0& )&1(-0(rr& " (10&0r 3&r& 0#1 1 0$31 #( +(rr

3a*ta+ na+ )a+!+ rara0!nt! '2'rr!04 0a+ 6uan&' !+ta+ '2'rr!04 a+ 2'rr!nt!+ 6u! )*u!0

atra51+ &a+ )a+!+ t0 5a*'r!+ !*!5a&'+. A 0!*-'r ,r't!/' ,ara !+t! ti,' &! )a*ta 1 a ,r't!/'

atra51+ &a ,r't!/' &i)!r!n2ia* 8Q.

R(;> #( Pr0(4' D$)(r("%$&; ?


46/112

3iura % = T,i2a ,r't!/' ,ara !ra&'r!+ 2'n!2ta&'+ &ir!ta0!nt! a+ 7arra+ B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

N'r0a*0!nt! '+ TC+ +/' 2'n!2ta&'+ ' 0ai+ ,rFi0' &' !ra&'r ,'++5!* ,ara 6u! +!

t!n-a u0a 0ai'r ,r!2i+/' &a ,r't!/' ! !*a '2'rra ' 0ai+ r",i&' ,'++5!*. A+ 2'n!F@!+

,'&!0 +!r 5i+ua*i;a&a+ a +!uir na 3iura %.

3iura %X = R!*1 Di)!r!n2ia* 8Q in+ta*a&' !0 u0a 2'n!F/' !+tr!*a B*a2W7urn4 %Q.


47/112

!

3iura % = R!*1 Di)!r!n2ia* 8Q in+ta*a&' !0 u0a 2'n!F/' &!*ta B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

N'r0a*0!nt! '+ TC+ t0 a 0!+0a r!*a/' RTC4 ! ,r!)!r!n2ia*0!nt! &!5!0 t!r '

0!+0' ti,' &! 2'n+tru/' ,ara 0ini0i;ar '+ !rr'+ 6u! ,'++a0 '2'rr!r B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

7*=*6 Pr0(4' #( r(&0r(1 ( %&3&%$0r(1 1,"0

7*=*6* R(&0r(1

R!at'r!+ +/' ,ri0aria0!nt! uti*i;a&'+ !0 +i+t!0a+ &! ,'tn2ia ,ara *i0itar a 2'rr!nt!

&! )a*ta 6u! 5ai ,ara ' t!rra. P'&! +!r uti*i;a&' !0 +1ri! na+ )a+!+ &a r!&! ,ara r!&u;ir a

0anitu&! &a )a*ta !ntr! a+ )a+!+. E ,'&! +!r uti*i;a&' ta0710 2'0' r!at'r +-unt ,ara

2'0,!n+ar ' r!ati5' &a r!&!. E0 'utr'+ 2a+'+4 ' r!at'r ,'&! +!r uti*i;a&' 2'0' )i*tr'

-ar0ni2'.

Pr0(4' #( R(&0r(1

Para ti,'+ +-unt4 a ,r't!/' 1 a 0!+0a 5"*i&a ,ara tran+)'r0a&'r!+. A ,r't!/'

&i)!r!n2ia* 8Q 1 a 0ai+ uti*i;a&a n!+t! ti,' &! !6ui,a0!nt'. P'&!0 +!r uti*i;a&a+ ta07104

,r't!@!+ 2'ntra +'7r!2'rr!nt! in+tantYn!a X$Q 6u! +/' r!*1+ 2'0 +!t a2i0a &a 2'rr!nt! &!

inru+- ! 2'rr!nt!+ &! tran+i!nt! ! ,r't!/' 2'ntra +'7r!2'rr!nt! &! t!0,'in5!r+' X%Q.


48/112

6

7*=*6*6 C&3&%$0r(1 Shunt

Pr't!/' 2'ntra +'7r!2'rr!nt! ,'&! +!r uti*i;a&' ' X%4 X%NQ.

On&! ' r!*1 &! +'7r!2'rr!nt! in+tantYn!a &! )a+! X$Q 1 a,*i2a&'4 !*!+ &!5!0 +!rsetados a2i0a &'+ tran+i!nt!+ &' 7an2' &! 2a,a2it'r!+4 n'r0a*0!nt! !++! 5a*'r 1 &! tr+

5!;!+ ' 5a*'r n'0ina* &a 2'rr!nt! &' +i+t!0a.

Para 7an2'+ &! 2a,a2it'r!+ at!rra&'+ 2'n!2ta&'+ !0 !+tr!*a4 u0 TC 2'0 u0 r!+i+t'r !

u0 r!*1 XGQ 2'ntra +'7r!t!n+/' ,r!5in! ' +i+t!0a &! )a*ta+ n/' 7a*an2!a&a+.

A' +! !n!ri;ar ! &!+!n!ri;ar '+ 7an2'+ &! 2a,a2it'r!+4 2'rr!nt!+ tran+i!nt!+ ,'&!0

a,ar!2!r ! '2a+i'nar +'7r!t!n+@!+4 &!+ta )'r0a 1 i0,'rtant! at!ntar a' 2'*'2ar &i+,'+iti5'+ &!

,r't!/' ! 0anu+!i' n'+ +i+t!0a+ ,ara int!rr'0,!r a 2ir2u*a/' &! 2'rr!nt! 6uan&'n!2!++"ri'.

7*=*7 Pr0(4' #&1 9&rr&1 #( %"('

U0a )a*ta !0 u0a &a+ 7arra+ &' Si+t!0a E*1tri2' ,'&! r!+u*tar !0 &i5!r+'+ &i+tr7i'+4

,'i+ t'&'+ '+ +i+t!0a+ 2'n!2ta&'+ a 7arra &!5!r/' +!r &!+2'n!2ta&'+ ,ara 6u! a )a*ta +!:a

i+'*a&a.

A+ )a*ta+ !0 7arra+ n/' +/' 2'0un+4 0a+ 6uan&' !++a )a*ta '2'rr!4 n'r0a*0!nt! 1

&!5i&' a ,r'7*!0a+ n'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+4 ,!6u!n'+ ani0ai+4 i+'*a&'r!+ 6u!7ra&'+ 'u

2'nta0ina/'.

A ,r't!/' &i)!r!n2ia* 1 a 0ai+ uti*i;a&a ,ara !+t!+ 2a+'+ &! )a*ta4 ,'i+ a! ra,i&a0!nt!4

+!n&' &! +!n+5!* &!t!2/' ,ara )a*ta )a+!t!rra4 +!n&' r!2'0!n&a&' ,ara t'&'+ '+ ti,'+ &!

7arra+. Na 3iura %8 0'+tra ' 0'&!*' 0ai+ 2'0u0 !n2'ntra&' !0 +i+t!0a+ &! ,'tn2ia4 2'0

u0a 7arra +i0,*!+.


49/112

7

3iura %8= Pr't!/' &i)!r!n2ia* 2'0 6uatr' &i+:unt'r!+ B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

A7aiF' na 3iura % !+t" 0'+tra&' 'utr' ti,' &! 2'n)iura/' 2'0 &ua+ 7arra+ +i0,*!+

2'n!2ta&a+ ,'r u0 &i+:unt'r4 +!n&' ,r't!i&' ,!*' r!*1 &i)!r!n2ia*.

3iura % = Du,*' 7arra0!nt' 2'n!2ta&' ,'r u0 &i+:unt'r 6u! 1 n'r0a*0!nt! )!2-a&' B*a2W7urn4%Q.

A +!uir !+t" i*u+tra&a na 3iura % a ,r't!/' &! u0a 2'n)iura/' &! 2'n!F/' !0

an!*.


50/112

8

3iura %= C'n)iura/' !0 an!* ! +ua &!5i&a ,r't!/' B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

Na 3iura #$ 0'+tra a ,r't!/' &! u0a &a+ 2'n)iura@!+ 0ai+ uti*i;a&a+ n'+ +i+t!0a+

&! a*ta ,'tn2ia. Si+t!0a 0ai+ )*!F5!*4 ,'r104 r!6u!r u0 n0!r' a*t' &! &i+:unt'r!+ ! r!*1+

&i)!r!n2iai+ B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

3iura #$= C'n)iura/' 6uatr' &i+:unt'r!+ ! 0!i' ! ;'na+ &! ,r't!/' &a 7arra B*a2W7urn4 %Q.


51/112

9

7*=*5 Pr0(4' #( M0r(1

O+ 0't'r!+ +/' u0 2a+' !+,!2ia* ,ara an"*i+! &! ,r't!/'4 ,'i+ !Fi+t!0 &i5!r+'+ ti,'+4

ta0an-'+ ! a,*i2a@!+. A ,r't!/' +!r" &!,!n&!nt! &a a,*i2a/' &!+t! n' +i+t!0a &! ,'tn2ia45arian&' ,r','r2i'na*0!nt! 2'0 ' ta0an-'.

O+ &an'+ 0ai+ 2'0un+ !n2'ntra&'+ !0 0't'r!+ &! in&u/' +/'(

3a*ta+( 3a+! 'u t!rraDan'+ ,'r a*ta+ t!0,!ratura+(

o D!5i&' a +'7r!2ara+o M't'r 7*'6u!a&'.

C'n&i@!+ an'r0ai+(o O,!ra/' n/' 7a*an2!a&ao Su7t!n+/' ! +'7r!t!n+/'o 3a+!+ r!5!r+a+o R!!n!ri;a/' &' 0't'r !n6uant' !*! ain&a !+t" )un2i'nan&'o A07i!nt!+ 2'0 5aria@!+o In2i' +!6u!n2ia* in2'0,*!t'.

O+ &an'+ 0ai+ 2'0un+ !0 0't'r!+ +n2r'n'+ +/'(

P!r&a &! !F2ita/' &' 2a0,'P!r&a &! +in2r'ni+0' &' !ra&'rP!r&a &! +in2r'ni+0' !ntr! a+ )a+!+.

Na 3iura #% 0'+tra a 2ara2t!r+ti2a &! u0 0't'r &! in&u/' !0 )un/' &' t!0,'.


52/112

!0

3iura #% = Cara2t!r+ti2a &' 0't'r &! in&u/' B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

A+ 2ara2t!r+ti2a+ &'+ 0't'r!+ !n5'*5i&a+ na ,r't!/' +/'(

Cur5a &! C'rr!nt! ,!*' t!0,'Cur5a &! 2a,a7i*i&a&! t1r0i2a Li0it! t1r0i2' &' r't'r 7*'6u!a&'Q

F&;0& (/ )&1(1

R!*1+ &! +'7r!2'rr!nt! n/' &ir!2i'na* in+tantYn!' X$4 X%Q ,'&!0 +!r uti*i;a&'+ ,ara

0't'r!+ &! in&u/' B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

]uan&' !+ti5!r &i+,'n5!* ,ara a,*i2a/'4 a ,r't!/' &i)!r!n2ia* 1 a 0ai+ in&i2a&a4 +ua

2'n!F/' ,'&! +!r '7+!r5a&a na 3iura ## a7aiF'(


53/112

!1

3iura ## = Pr't!/' &i)!r!n2ia* 6uan&' ' n!utr' !+t" &i+,'n5!*. aQ C'0 a&i/' &! )*uF' ! r!*1 &!+'7r!2'rr!nt! in+tantYn!a. 7Q Ti,' 2'n5!n2i'na* ! r!*1+ &! &i)!r!n2ia* B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

Pr0(4' #( )&;0& - 0(rr&

R!*1+ &! +'7r!2'rr!nt! +/' a,*i2a&'+ n!+t!+ ti,'+ &! a,*i2a/' X$G4 X$N4 X%NQ4 +!n&'

6u! ' 01t'&' &! +'0a &! )*uF'+ 1 ' 0ai+ a&!6ua&' a +!r a,*i2a&'4 a 3iura #9 0'+tra a

2'n!F/'.


54/112

!2

3iura #9 = Pr't!/' &! +'7r!2'rr!nt! ,ara 0't'r!+. aQ C'0 tr+ 2'n&ut'r!+ ,a++an&' atra51+ &! u0a+'0a &! )*uF'+ = Ti,' tran+)'r0a&'r &! 2'rr!nt! 7Q Ti,' 2'n5!n2i'na* = Ti,' tran+)'r0a&'r &! 2'rr!nt!

B*a2W7urn4 %Q.

Pr0(4' #( R0r-B;,( 3&r& +r&"#(1 /0r(1

Para a ,r't!/' &! r't'r 7*'6u!a&' ,'&! +!r uti*i;a&' r!*1+ &! &i+tYn2ia #%Q. Na 3iura

# a7aiF' 0'+tra ' )un2i'na0!nt' &' +i+t!0a &! ,r't!/'. ]uan&' ' 0't'r 1 !n!ri;a&'

)!2-a+! ' &i+:unt'r X#4 ' r!*1 &! &i+tYn2ia #% ',!ra. # 1 u0 t!0,'ri;a&'r.

3iura #= Pr't!/' &! r't'r 7*'6u!a&' B*a2W7urn4 %Q


55/112

!3

7* C"%($01 #& IEC ?=

A+ in&+tria+ &i+tri7ui&'ra+ ! 2'n+u0i&'ra+ &! !n!ria !+t/' !0 2'ntnua !5'*u/'.

S'*u@!+ !+,!2iai+ &! aut'0a/' &! +u7!+ta/' +/' u0 '7+t"2u*' !2'n0i2' 6uan&'2'0,an-ia+ !*1tri2a+ int!rna2i'nai+ !+t/' ,r'2uran&' u0a 0ai'r ,r'&uti5i&a&! ! ,!r)'r0an2!

!2'n0i2a. S!n&' a++i0 1 n!2!++"ri' ,r':!tar Si+t!0a+ &! Aut'0a/' &! Su7!+ta/' SASQ

6u! ,'++ua0 u0 0!*-'r 2u+t'7!n!)2i' 2'0 r!*a/' ',!ra/' ! a 0anut!n/' 6u! a++!ur!

u0 r!t'rn' 0ai+ r",i&' &' in5!+ti0!nt' &' 6u! n' ,a++a&'. LUND]VIST4 #$$8Q

O ,rin2i,a* '7:!ti5' &a IEC %X$ 1 a int!r',!ra7i*i&a&!4 -a7i*i&a&! &! IED &! &i5!r+'+

)a7ri2ant!+ &! tr'2ar!0 in)'r0a@!+4 ' 6u! 1 2'n+!ui&' atra51+ &a ,a&r'ni;a/' &! n'0!+

,ara )un@!+ &a +u7!+ta/' ! !6ui,a0!nt'+ ! &!+2r!5!n&' 2'0' a2!++ar )un@!+ ! 2'0'tr'2ar in)'r0a@!+. OZANSOg4 #$$8 ! ONG4 #$$Q.

O ,a&r/' IEC %X$ !n5'*5! 2ara2t!r+ti2a+ 2'0' &!)ini/' &! &'i+ t!0,'+ 2rti2'+ &!

+!r5i'4 0ai'r tran+0i++/' &! +inai+ ti,' trip ! 2'rr!nt! ana*i2a a0'+tra&a ! 5a*'r!+ &!

5'*ta!0. E++!+ t!0,'+ 2rti2'+ &! +!r5i' -a7i*ita0 a !Ft!n+/' &! *inW+ +!riai+ ,ara +!r!0

u+a&'+ !ntr! u0 Di+,'+iti5' E*!trni2' Int!*i!nt! IEDQ ! int!r)a2!+ !*!trni2a+ ,rFi0a+

a'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ &a +u7!+ta/'.


56/112

!

5 AUTOMAO DE SUBESTAO

EFi+t!0 &i5!r+'+ 0'ti5'+ ,ara +! aut'0ati;ar u0a +u7!+ta/'4 &!ntr! a+ ,rin2i,ai+4t!0'+(

Int!n+i)i2ar a +!urana &'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ ! ,!++'a*R!&u;ir ' 2u+t' ',!ra2i'na*4 au0!ntan&' '+ aut'0ati+0'+M!*-'rar a 6ua*i&a&! &a !n!ria !ntr!u! ,ara a ,',u*a/'Di0inuir ' t!0,' &! int!rru,@!+ atra51+ &! u0 2'ntr'*! 0ai+ +')i+ti2a&'C'ntr'*ar a +u7!+ta/' atra51+ &! u0 2!ntr' &! ',!ra@!+ a)a+ta&' &a +u7!+ta/'

!*1tri2a.

A ,a&r'ni;a/' atra51+ &a IEC t!0 2'0' '7:!ti5' &i+,'ni7i*i;ar a tr'2a &! in)'r0a@!+

!ntr! &i)!r!nt!+ *inua!n+ ! &i)!r!nt!+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ C'7u+ Strau++4 #$$Q.

5* U"$#( 0(r/$"&; r(/0& , r(/0( 0(r/$"&; ,"$0 RTU

A Uni&a&! T!r0ina* R!0'ta )'i &!+!n5'*5i&a 2'0 ' '7:!ti5' &! atuar 2'0' u0a

int!r)a2! ! uni&a&! 2'0uni2a&'ra !ntr! '+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ &! in+tru0!nta/' ! ' SCADA.

RTU+ )'ra0 &!+!n5'*5i&a+ ,ara +! t'rnar!0 0ai+ int!*i!nt!+ ! 2'ntr'*!+ *'2ai+ )'ra0

uti*i;a&'+ ,ara 6u! '+ !rr'+ -u0an'+ +! t'rna++!0 0!n'r!+.

Su7!+ta@!+ 2'0 RTU +/' a*ta0!nt! 2u+t'+a+4 ,'r i++' +/'4 2'0 0ai'r )r!6un2ia4

uti*i;a&'+ !0 +u7!+ta@!+ &! tran+0i++/'4 5!tan&' +ua uti*i;a/' !0 +u7!+ta@!+ &!

&i+tri7ui/'.

A ran&! 6uanti&a&! &! 2a7'+ 6u! u0a RTU r!6u!r4 t!0 in&u;i&' a ,!+6ui+a ,ara

r!&u;ir ' ta0an-' &!+ta+ RTU+4 ! t!0 +i&' &!+!n-a&a ,ara +!r!0 in+ta*a&a+ ,!rt' &'+ ,ain1i+4

)a;!n&' ta0710 6u! u0a ,!6u!na RTU +! 2'0uni6u! 2'0 'utra+.

5*6 E,$3&/("0 E;(0rX"$% I"0(;$+("0( , I"0(;;$+("0 E;(%0r"$% D($%( IED

P'&! +!r &!)ini&' 2'0' u0 !6ui,a0!nt' 6u! 2'nt10 )un@!+ !*1tri2a+ 6u! +/' 5!r+"t!i+

a +ua uti*i;a/'4 2'0' ,'r !F!0,*'4 )un/' &! ,r't!/'4 int!*in2ia &! 2'ntr'*! *'2a*

a5ana&'4 -a7i*i&a&! &! 0'nit'ra/' ! 2a,a2i&a&! !Ft!n+i5a &! 2'0uni2a/' &ir!ta a'

+i+t!0a SCADA.O+ &i5!r+'+ &! ti,'+ &! r!*1+ ,'&!0 atuar 2'0' ,r't!t'r!+4 2'ntr'*a&'r!+ !

0'nit'ra&'r!+ in2*uin&' 0!&i/'Q4 ,'r104 !*!+ n!2!++ita0 &! u0 a++i+t!nt! ,ara 6u! a


57/112

!!

tran+0i++/' &'+ &a&'+ ,ara ' SCADA +!:a r!a*i;a&'4 !++! a++i+t!nt! 1 ' RTU 'u 'utr'

,r'2!++a&'r. E+t!+ +/' r!*1+ int!*i!nt!+4 ,'r104 n/' !+t/' in2*u+'+ n' IED.

D!+ta )'r0a4 a+ )un@!+ ,rin2i,ai+ &! u0 IED ,'&!0 +!r 2*a++i)i2a&a+ !0 2in2' "r!a+(

2'ntr'*!4 ,r't!/'4 0!&i/'4 0'nit'ra/' ! 2'0uni2a/'.

5*7 S$10(/&1 D$+$0&$1 . S,3(r$1' C"0r;( A,0/&4' ( Pr0(4'

O+ +i+t!0a+ &iitai+ &! aut'0a/' SDAQ &! +u7!+ta@!+4 atua*0!nt! +! 2'n!2ta0

atra51+ &! u0 +i+t!0a SCADA Su,!r5i+'r C'ntr'* an& Data A26ui+iti'nQ +!r5in&' +

n!2!++i&a&!+ &! ',!ra/' !0 t!0,' r!a* &a +u7!+ta/' C'7u+ Strau++4 #$$Q.

U0 +i+t!0a &iita* int!ra&' &!5! at!n&!r '+ +!uint!+ r!6ui+it'+ 7"+i2'+ ,ara +uai0,*!0!nta/'(

At!n&!r a' Pr't'2'*' IEC %X$Q

R'7u+t!;

T!r u0 +'7r!&i0!n+i'na0!nt' &a 2a,a2i&a&! &! ,r'2!++a0!nt' ,ara ,'++5!*

2r!+2i0!nt' )un2i'na* +!0 &!ra&ar +!u &!+!0,!n-'

D!5! +!r ,'++5!* r!a*i;ar 0anut!n@!+ n' +i+t!0a

O +i+t!0a &!5! +!r 2a,a; &! r!ini2ia*i;ar+! ra,i&a0!nt!

3un@!+ &! Pr't!/' ! C'ntr'*! &!5!0 +!r in&!,!n&!nt!+

Int!*in2ia Di+tri7u&a

5*5 Pr0%;1 #( C/,"$%&4'

O+ ,r't'2'*'+ 0ai+ uti*i;a&'+ 0un&ia*0!nt! !+t/' *i+ta&'+ a7aiF'(

Ta7!*a 9 = Ti,'+ &! ,r't'2'*'+ &! 2'0uni2a/' M'&i)i2a&a ,!*' Aut'rQ

Pr0%;Or$+$"&;/("0(

,1 3rV(;%$#(

Pr$"%3$ #(

A%(11L&(r OSI

MODBUS G'u*& M'&i2'n %4# W7,+ C2*i2 ,'**in %4#48

SPABUSABB

EF2*u+i5a0!nt!Q%4# W7,+ C2*i2 ,'**in %4#48


58/112

!6

Ta7!*a 9 = Ti,'+ &! ,r't'2'*'+ &! 2'0uni2a/' M'&i)i2a&a ,!*' Aut'rQ

5*5* MODBUS

M'&Bu+ )'i 2ria&' ,!*a !0,r!+a a2i0a 2ita&a ! &!+!n5'*5i&' ,ara +!r a,*i2a&' n' PLC4

atua*0!nt! 1 u0 ,r't'2'*' a7!rt' ,ara u+' ,7*i2' +!n&' u+a&' ,rin2i,a*0!nt! !0 *'2ai+ 2'0

2'n!F@!+ +!riai+. E*! 1 a,*i2a&' na+ 2a0a&a+ %4 # ! 8 &a ,i*-a OSI.

Gran&! ,art! &a+ !0,r!+a+ uti*i;a !+t! ti,' &! ,r't'2'*'. N/' ,'++ui int!r)a2! ! t!0

2'0,ati7i*i&a&! 2'0 &i5!r+'+ ti,'+ &! !6ui,a0!nt'+4 ,'r104 !*! 1 u0 ,'u2' 0ai+ *!nt'

2'0,ara&' a'+ 'utr'+ ,r't'2'*'+. E*! 1 *i0ita&' 2'0uni2a/' &! +u7!+ta@!+ !*1tri2a+.

E+t! ,r't'2'*' t!0 a t','*'ia 0!+tr!

0!n+a!0 ,ara ' r!2!,t'r4 &an&' a+ in)'r0a@!+ &' 6u! ' r!2!,t'r &!5! )a;!r4 '+ &a&'+

n!2!++"ri'+ ,ara r!a*i;ar a a/' ! '+ 0!i'+ &! 2-!2ar '+ !rr'+. O r!2!,t'r ir" r!2!7!r !++a

0!n+a!0 ! ir" r!t'rnar a' 0!+tr! a r!+,'+ta 2a+' !+ta 0!n+a!0 n/' 5!n-a 2'0 !rr'+.

O+ &a&'+ ,'&!0 +!r tran+0iti&'+ atra51+ &a+ *inua!n+ a +!uir(

ASC IIRTU

DNP9.$ GE Harri+ %4# W7,+C2*i2 ,'**in

Q%4#48 Q

IEC $8$X T'&'+ %4# W7,+ C2*i2 ,'**in %4#48

MODBUS G'u*& M'&i2'n T'W!n %4#48

PRO3IBUS SIEMENS %# W7,+ T'W!n %4#48

MVB ABB %4X W7,+ TDM %4#48 Q

3IP M!r*in G!rin #4X W7,+ TDM %4#48

Et-!rn!t

TCP


59/112

!7

O RTU4 ta0710 2'n-!2i&' 2'0' RTU = B4 1 ' ,r!)!ri&' ! ' 0ai+ uti*i;a&' ,'i+ ' ASC

II 1 ' &'7r' &' ta0an-' &' RTU.

5*5*6 ETHERNET

u0a int!r2'n!F/' ,ara r!&!+ *'2ai+ LANQ 7a+!a&' n' !n5i' &! ,a2't!+. T'&'+ !+t/'

int!r2'n!2ta&'+ nu0a 7arra atra51+ &! 2a7'+. O a2!++' a' 0!i' )+i2' 1 r!a*i;a&' 7a+!a&' !0

2'nt!n/'4 2'n-!2i&' 2'0' CSMA


60/112

!8

ParY0!tr'+ &' RS = X(

I0,!&Yn2ia( %9X = %X h

Ca,a2itYn2ia( j 9$,3


61/112

!9

u0 ,r't'2'*' &!+tina&' a 2'ntr'*ar '+ +i+t!0a+ &! 2'0uni2a/' a++'2ia&'+. E+t!

,r't'2'*' ,!r0it! a int!r',!ra7i*i&a&! !ntr! '+ &i+,'+iti5'+ &! ,r't!/' ! ' !6ui,a0!nt' &!

2'0an&' &! u0a +u7!+ta/'.

Sua !+trutura )+i2a +u,'rta &'i+ ti,'+ &! 2'n)iura/' )+i2a(

RSX4 ,ara a int!r)a2! !*1tri2a3i7ra ,ti2a4 ,ara int!r)a2! ,ti2a.

O ,r't'2'*' ',!ra 2'0 a 2'n)iura/' 0!+tr!!+2ra5'. A! na+ 2a0a&a+ %4 # ! 8 &'

0'&!*' OSI.

5*= A,$1$4' #( #

A ,rin2i,a* )un/' &' SCADA 1 0!&ir a+ ati5i&a&!+ &'+ +i+t!0a+ &! !n!ria4

,r'2!++an&' a+ 0!&i&a+ ! !n5ian&' !++!+ '+ &a&'+ a'+ 2!ntr'+ &! ',!ra@!+4 +!n&' 6u! !++!+

&a&'+ +/' 2a,ta&'+ ,!*'+ TC^+ ! TP^+.

O+ 5a*'r!+ &! 2'rr!nt! ! t!n+/' 0!&i&'+ ,!*'+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ &! in+tru0!nta/' +/'

!n5ia&'+ ,ara '+ IED+ ,ara )a;!r ' trata0!nt' &'+ &a&'+.

A ar6uit!tura &! u0a !+ta/' 2'0 SCADA 1 0'+tra&a a7aiF' na 3iura #.

3iura # = Ar6uit!tura &! u0a Su7!+ta/' Aut'0ati;a&a C'7u+ Strau++4 #$$Q

5* SCADA


62/112

60

O SCADA int!r2'n!2ta &'i+ a07i!nt!+( a +u7!+ta/' ! ' 2!ntr' &! ',!ra@!+. O ,'nt'

t!r0ina* ,ara u0 +i+t!0a SCADA tra&i2i'na* 1 u0a RTU 6u! 1 'n&! '2'rr! a int!r)a2! &!

2'0uni2a/' !ntr! '+ !6ui,a0!nt'+ &a +u7!+ta/'.

O SCADA ini2ia*0!nt! )'i 2'n+tru&' ,ara 2'0uni2ar 2'0 ' a+ uni&a&!+ &! RTU4

,'r10 2'0 ' ,a++ar &' t!0,'4 ' +')tar! SCADA 1 2a,a; &! +! 2'0uni2ar 2'0 6ua*6u!r

!6ui,a0!nt' 6u! t!n-a a*ta 2a,a2i&a&! &! 2'0uni2a/'.

A IHM Int!r)a2! H'0!0 M"6uinaQ ,!r0it! a' ',!ra&'r 0'nit'rar ! 2'ntr'*ar '+

,arY0!tr'+ &' +i+t!0a &! ,'tn2ia !0 t!0,' r!a* C'7u+ Strau++4 #$$Q.

O SCADA &!5! r!a*i;ar a+ +!uint!+ ,!r)'r0an2!+ n' Si+t!0a &! P'tn2ia &!

Aut'0a/'(

M'+trar !0 t!0,' r!a* '+ &a&'+ r!2!7i&'+ &'+ IED+4 r!*1+4 7aia+ &! 2'ntr'*!4 RTU 'u

PLC+ 2'n!2ta&'+ a' +i+t!0a &! ,'tn2iaMant!r ' -i+tri2' &! &a&'+ r!2!7i&'+Ati5ar a*ar0!+ 6uan&' n!2!++"ri'M'+trar a +!6un2ia &! !5!nt'+ r!,'rta&'+ ! r!*atri' &! &i+tr7i'+ 6uan&' r!6u!ri&'R!a*i;ar ' 2'ntr'*! &! 2'0uni2a/' &a+ r!&!+4 in&!,!n&!nt! &' ,r't'2'*' uti*i;a&'.

5*< S)0&r( # S$10(/& SCADA

O +')tar! n'r0a*0!nt! 1 u0 ,a2't! ,a&r'ni;a&'4 2'n)iura&' ,ara u0 2*i!nt!

!+,!2)i2'. A*un+ )'rn!2!&'r!+4 ,'r !F!0,*'4 ABB4 +!u +')tar! 1 ' Mi2r'SCADA a

ALSTOM t!0 ' MiCOM4 +/' a,*i2a&'+ !+,!2i)i2a&a0!nt! ,ara +!u+ +i+t!0a+. Pa2't!+

SCADA &! 'utr'+ ti,'+ n/' )un2i'na0 n'+ +')tar!+ &!+ta+ !0,r!+a+.

G!ra*0!nt!4 ' SCADA 2'n+i+t! !0 6uatr' 0&u*'+4 &a&'+ a +!uir

A6ui+i/' &! &a&'+C'ntr'*!

Ar0a;!na0!nt' &'+ &a&'+ na &ata7a+!A int!r)a2! &' -'0!0 2'0 ' 2'0,uta&'r HMIQ.

= EEMPLO DE APLICAO EM UMA SUBESTAO

C'n+i&!ran&' u0 +i+t!0a !*1tri2' in&u+tria*4 a*i0!nta&' na t!n+/' n'0ina* &! Vn d %9WV !0 u0a 7arra W &! u0 +i+t!0a !ra* &! tran+0i++/'4 ' 6ua* ,'++ui n!++a 7arra W4 u0a


63/112

61

2a,a2i&a&! &! 2urt'2ir2uit' tri)"+i2' +i01tri2' iua* a S22 d %$$$ >MVA?4 r!*a/' fWV?4 2'n!F/' &!*ta ! n' *a&' &! MT4 t!n+/' n'0ina* &! Vn d %94 >WV?4

2'n!F/' !+tr!*a4 ru,' &! &!)a+a0!nt' anu*ar D 9$4 ,'++u!0 i0,!&Yn2ia+ ,!r2!ntuai+

iuai+ a ZT% d : 4# >e? ! ZT# d : %$4X >e?4 r!)!ri&a+ a' ta,! &! +ua+ t!n+@!+ n'0inai+

%9WV?Q ! na+ r!+,!2ti5a+ 7a+!+ &! +ua+ ,'tn2ia+ n'0inai+ ONAN. Para !++!+ &'i+

T3^+ a r!*a/' !ntr! a+ +ua+ i0,!&Yn2ia+ +!6u!n2iai+ ,'+iti5a Z%Q ! ;!r' Z'Q &!5! +!r iua* a

Z'h?4 in+ta*a&'+ !0 2a&a u0 &!*!+Q ! 2'0 +u,'rta7i*i&a&! t1r0i2a ,ara t d

%$ + ! 2'0 2*a++! &! i+'*a/' iua* 4 >WV?.

E0 +ua+ +!@!+ S% ! S# &! 7arra+ &! MT4 !Fi+t! u0 &i+:unt'r DT &! a2',*a0!nt' &!++a+

+!@!+ tie-breakerQ4 6u! ',!ra n'r0a*0!nt! na 2'n&i/' NA n'r0a* a7!rt'Q.

Na +!/' S%4 !Fi+t!0 5"ria+ 2ara+ !+t"ti2a+ 2'n!2ta&a+ C%4 C#4 C9...Q ! u0 2'n:unt'

&! 2ara+ &inY0i2a+ D%Q. S!u+ !6ui5a*!nt!+ !0 2'rr!nt!4 r!)!ri&' !++a 7arra &! MT !0

r!i0! n'r0a* &! ',!ra/' +/' tai+ 6u!(Cara+ !+t"ti2a+( I+t d $$#X >A? ! 2ara+ &inY0i2a+ I0it+d X$ #9. >A? !0

r!i0! &! 2urt'2ir2uit' tri)"+i2' +!u+ r!i0!+ +/'( I+t d $ >A? ! ,ara '+ 0it+4 I0it+ d I!6% d

%$$$ $. >A? O7+!r5ar 6u! 2ara+ !+t"ti2a+ n/' ,arti2i,a0 &! 2urt'+2ir2uit'+.

Na +!/' S# !Fi+t!0 5"ria+ 2ara+ !+t"ti2a+ 2'n!2ta&a+ L%4 L#4 L9...Q ! ain&a4 u0

2'n:unt' &! 2ara+ &inY0i2a+ D#Q S!u+ !6ui5a*!nt!+ !0 2'rr!nt!4 r!)!ri&' !++a 7arra &!

MT !0 r!i0! n'r0a* &! ',!ra/' +/' tai+ 6u!(

I+t d $$#X >A? ! '+ 0't'r!+ I0it+ d X$ #9. >A? !0 r!i0! &! 2urt'2ir2uit'

tri)"+i2' +!u+ r!i0!+ +/'( I+t d $ >A? ! '+ 0't'r!+ I0it+ d I!6# d #$$$$. >A?4 r!)!ri&a

7arra &! MT N!++a +!/' S# !Fi+t! ain&a 'utra +a&a4 ,r'5i&a &! u0 2'n:unt' &! 2a7'+

i+'*a&'+4 2'n!2ta&'+ na 2'n)iura/'( 9 F # m X$$ MCM4 '+ 6uai+ ,'++u!0 u0a i0,!&Yn2ia

!6ui5a*!nt! &! Z2d$4# $ >'-0WVA?4 2'0 t!n+@!+ *a&' &! AT Vat d %94&!*taQ = *a&' &! BT(

V7t d 4% !+tr!*aQ >WV?4 ru,' D 9$. ! &! i0,!&Yn2ia ,!r2!ntua* &a&a ,'rZT9 d : >e?

2'0 Z% d Z# d Z'.


64/112

62

N' n!utr' &!++! tran+)'r0a&'r T394 !Fi+t! u0 r!+i+t'r &! at!rra0!nt' &! 5a*'r Rd

>h? ! 2'0 +u,'rta7i*i&a&! t1r0i2a ,ara t d %$ +4 ' 6ua* *i0ita a 2'rr!nt! &! CC %3 n' 5a*'r

&! I22%3 d $$ >A?. Iua* &' *a&' &! %94 >WV? Q.

N' *a&' &! BT &!++! tran+)'r0a&'r T94 !Fi+t!0 &'i+ 0't'r!+ &! in&u/' tri)"+i2'+

2'n!2ta&'+ 7arra &! 4% WV4 +!n&' 6u! !*!+ +/' iuai+ !ntr! +i4 ! &! ,'tn2ia+ n' !iF' iuai+

a P !iF' d %$$$ >HP?4 r!n&i0!nt' de ! )at'r &! ,'t!n2ia 3P d $4# in& ! ain&a4 2'0

r!*a/' &! 2'rr!nt! &! ,arti&a iua* a I,


65/112

63

3iura #8 = Diara0a Uni)i*ar &a Su7!+ta/' !0 an"*i+! Aut'r4 #$%#Q

=* E10,# #( C,r0-C$r%,$0

Da&' a +u7!+ta/' a2i0a4 t!0+! a +!uint! an"*i+! &! 2urt'2ir2uit'(P!*' M1t'&' C*"++i2' &! 2"*2u*' &! 2urt'2ir2uit'4 t!0'+(

3'nt!+ &' +i+t!0a ',!ra0 2'0 t!n+/' %4$ $o ,uM't'r!+ +/' 2'n+i&!ra&'+ 2'0' )'nt!+ &! t!n+/' ! r!atYn2iaCara+ !+t"ti2a+ &' +i+t!0a +/' &!+,r!;a&a+Ban2' &! 2a,a2it'r!+ ! r!at'r!+ +/' &!+,r!;a&'+O+ tran+)'r0a&'r!+ ',!ra0 n' TAP n'r0a*A i0,!&Yn2ia &a r!&! &! +!6un2ia n!ati5a 1 i&nti2a &a r!&! &! +!6un2ia ,'+iti5a.

V&;r(1 3r ,"$#( 3,


66/112

6

A P'r uni&a&! &! 6ua*6u!r 6uanti&a&! 1 a r!*a/' &a6u!*a 6uanti&a&! ,!*a +ua 7a+! &!

5a*'r a ra;/' 1 !F,r!++a +!0 a&i0!n+i'na*0!nt!. A++i04 a+ 6uanti&a&!+ !0 ,u +!r/'

!F,r!++a+ 2'0' na E6ua/' %Q a7aiF'( B*a2W7urnQ

XQ

Q

R(;&4(1 +(r&$1 ("0r( &1 +r&"#(2&1 ",/ 1$10(/& (;>0r$%

A+ ,rin2i,ai+ ran&!;a+ 7a+!+ &! u0 +i+t!0a !*1tri2' +/' a+ &a&a+ a7aiF'(

5'*ta0,!r!Q 8Q

5'*t+Q Q

a0,!r!+Q Q

V&;r(1 B&1(1

a0,!r!+Q %$Q

'-0+Q %%Q

M,#&"4& #( B&1(


67/112

6!

A 0u&ana &! 7a+! nu0a r!&! !*1tri2a '2a+i'na a+ 0u&ana+ &'+ 5a*'r!+ !0 ,.u &! u0

!6ui,a0!nt'4 ,ara 6u! !+t! t!n-a a 0!+0a 7a+! 6u! ' r!+tant! &' +i+t!0a. A +!uint! )r0u*a

1 a,*i2a&a 6uan&' +! 1 n!2!++"ri' 0u&ana &! 7a+!.

%#Q

D$&+r&/& #( I/3(#8"%$&1 # S$10(/& E;>0r$%

Para a r!a*i;a/' &a &iara0a/' &! i0,!&Yn2ia4 '+ +!uint!+ 5a*'r!+ 7a+!+ +!r/'a,*i2a&'+(

E4 &! a2'r&' 2'0 a L!i &! O-04 t!0'+(

%9Q

On&!(

EFi+t!0 )r0u*a+ !+,!2iai+ ,ara 2a+'+ !+,!2iai+ &! !6ui,a0!nt'+ n' +i+t!0a !*1tri2'.

N' 2a+' &! u0a 2'n2!++i'n"ria4 a +ua i0,!&Yn2ia ,!r2!ntua* ,'&! +!r !n2'ntra&a a ,artir &a

+!uint! )r0u*a(

%Q


68/112

66

Para ' 2a+' &'+ 0't'r!+ MIT a +ua ,'tn2ia !0 HP 1 2'n+i&!ra&' ,rati2a0!nt! '

0!+0' 5a*'r 6u! +ua ,'tn2ia a,ar!nt!4 *'' HP p WVA. A++i04 n' 2a+' &a i0,!&Yn2ia

+u7tran+itria4 t!r!0'+(

%XQ

On&!(

%Q

I/3(#8"%$& #& C"%(11$"r$&

P!*' 5a*'r )'rn!2i&' ! ' a&0iti&'4 t!0'+ 6u! a i0,!&Yn2ia &a 2'n2!++i'n"ria +!r" &a&a

,'r(

L''(

I/3(#8"%$& #1 Tr&"1)r/r(1

Atra51+ &a !6ua/' &! 0u&ana &! 7a+!4 t!0'+ 6u! a+ i0,!&Yn2ia+ ,!r2!ntuai+ &'+

Documents

TG - Edited_Final