Apresentação sintaxe ponctuation

SERVIÇO PÚBLICO FEDERALUNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ

INSTITUTO DE LETRAS E COMUNICAÇÃOFACULDADE DE LÍGUAS ESTRANGEIRAS MODERNAS

DISCIPLINA SINTAXE DO INGLÊS

SINTAXE: PUNCTUATION

BELÉM - PARÁ

PUNCTUATION

I - APOSTROPHES

II - COMMAS

III - PARENTHESES

IV - QUOTATION MARKS

V - COLON

VI - BRACKET

VII - DASH

VIII - ELLIPSIS

IX - EXCLAMATION

X – QUESTION MARK

XI - PERIOD

XII - HYPHEN

XIII - SEMICOLON

XIV - SLASH

’

’( )

“ ”

:

.

!

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-

;[ ]

…

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/

PUNCTUATION

PUNCTUATION MARKS ARE SIGNS

SUCH AS PERIODS, COMMAS AND QUESTION MARKS.

YOU ARE THEM IN SENTENCES TO MAKE THE

MEANING CLEAR.

(WATSON, 2007, p. 151)

USE THE APOSTROPHES TO CREATE IN THE POSSIBLE FORMS:

I - APOSTROPHES - ’

USE AN APOSTROPHE WITH AN S (’S) TO SHOW WHO OWNS SOMETHING. THE ’S IS ADDED AFTER SINGULAR NOUNS OR NAMES.

FOLLOW THE SAME RULE WHEN A NAME OR A SINGULAR NOUN ENDS IN -S. WRITE AN APOSTROPHE FIRST AND THEN ADD ANOTHER S

(WATSON, 2007, p. 153-156)

THE APOSTROPHE CAN ALSO BE USED TO SHOW THAT ONE OR MORE LETTERS IN A CONTRACTION HAVE BEEN LEFT OUT.

SOME PLURAL NOUNS DO NOT END IN -S. JUST ADD ’S TO THESE PLURAL NOUNS.

I - APOSTROPHES - ’ CONTINUAÇÃO

FOR PLURAL NOUNS THAT END IN -S, PUT THE APOSTROPHE AFTER THE -S

(WATSON, 2007, p. 153-156)

II - COMMAS - ,USE A COMMA BETWEEN NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES IN A LIST.

USE COMMAS BETWEEN ADJECTIVES WHEN YOU USE SEVERAL OF THEM TO DESCRIBE SOMETHING.USE A COMMA AFTER YES AND NO, AND BEFORE PLEASE IN SENTENCES. YOU ALSO USE A COMMA BEFORE OR AFTER THE NAME OF THE PERSON YOU ARE SPEAKING TO.

(WATSON, 2007, p. 151)

COMMAS ARE USED TO SHOW WHERE THERE IS A BRIEF PAUSE

III - PARENTHESES

USE TO INCLUDE MATERIAL THAT YOU WANT TO DE-EMPHASIZE OR THAT WOULDN’T NORMALLY FIT INTO THE FLOW OF YOUR TEXT BUT YOU WANT TO INCLUDE NONETHELESS.

IF THE MATERIAL WITHIN PARENTHESES APPEARS WITHIN A SENTENCE, DO NOT USE A CAPITAL LATTER OR PERIOD TO PUNCTUATE THAT MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE MATERIAL IS ITSELF A COMPLETE SENTENSE

www.grammmar.ccc.commnet.edu

( )

IV - QUOTATION MARKS

USE QUOTATION MARKS AROUND THE EXACT WORDS THAT SOMEONE SAYS. YOU PUT THE MARK “ AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WORDS, AND THE MARK ” AT THE END.

- USE A COMMA BEFORE THE LAST QUOTATION MARK, TO SEPARATE THE WORDS FROM THE REST OF THE SENTENCE.

- SUPPOSE THE EXACT WORDS THAT SOMEONE SAYS COME AFTER THE REST OF THE SENTENCE. IN THIS CASE PUT A PERIOD BEFORE THE LAST QUOTATION MARK.

- PUT QUESTION MARKS AND EXCLAMATION POINTS IN THE SAME PLACE AS PERIODS, BEFORE THE LAST QUOTATION MARK.

(WATSON, 2007, p. 143)

“ ”

V - COLON

WHEN YOU ARE READING A PLAYSCRIPT, NOTICE THE COLON BETWEEN THE NAME OF A CHARACTER AND THE WORDS THAT THEY SPEAK.

:

(WATSON, 2007, p. 143)


USE TOO, BEFORE A LIST OR AN EXPANATION THAT IS PRECEDED BY A CLAUSA THAT CAN STAND BY ITSELF. THING OF THE COLON AS A GATE, INVITING ONE TO GO ON:

-THERE IS ONLY THING LEFT TO DO NOW: CONFESS WHILE YOU STILL HAVE TIME.

-THE CHARTER REVIEW COMMITTEE NOW INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE:

* The mayor * The chief of police * The fire chief * The chair of the town council

VI - BRACKET

USE IN THE FOLLOWING SINTUATIONS:

[ ]

YOU CAN USE THEM TO INCLUDE EXPLANATORY WORDS OR PHRASE WITHIN QUOTED LANGUAGE.

YOU CAN USE BRACKETS TO INCLUDE PARENTHETICAL MATERIAL INSIDE PARENTHETICAL MATEIAL.


VII - DASH

DASHES HAVE TWO JOBS.

-

FIRST JOB: THEY TELL THE READER THAT YOU'VE

JUMPED TRACKS ONTO A NEW SUBJECT, JUST FOR A

MOMENT.

SECOND JOB: THE DASH TURNS SOMETHING GENERAL

INTO SOMETHING SPECIFIC, OR IT INTRODUCES A

DEFINITION.

(WOODS, 2001. p. 199-200.)

VIII - ELLIPSIS

PROVES TO BE HANDY DEVICE WHEN YOU’RE QUOTING

MATERIAL AND YOU WANT TO OMIT SOME WORDS.

…

CONSISTS OF THREE EVELY SPACED DOTS (PERIODS)

WITH SPACES BETWEEN THE ELLIPSIS AND

SURROUNDINGLETTERS OR OTHER MARKS.


IX - EXCLAMATION

AN EXCLAMATION POINT IS OFTEN USED AFTER A COMMAND, AN INTERJECTION, OR A WORD THAT SHOWS SURPRISE OR ANGER.

(WATSON, 2007, p. 151)

X - QUESTION MARK

AT THE END OF A DIRECT QUESTION. IT IS CONSIDERED BAD FORM TO USE A QUESTION MARK IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER MARKS, ALTHOUGH IS OFTHEN DONE IN INFORMAL PROSE IN AN ATTEMPT TO CONVENY COMPLEX TONES

!

?


XI – PERIOD

PUT A PERIOD AT THE END OF A SENTENCE.

TIM LENT ME HIS SKATEBOARD.

THE CHILDREN ARE PLAYING IN THE

GARDEN.

THE TRAIN ARRIVED LATE.

IT’S NOT A VERY SUNNY DAY.

.

(WATSON, 2007, p. 150)

X II - HYPHEN

HYPHEN “ICON” EMBEDDED IN YOUR TEXT, INDICATES EITHER THAT A HYPHEN IS CALLED FOR AT THAT POINT, OR (IF YOU HAVE A HYPHEN THERE ALREADY) THAT THE HYPHEN IN NOT APPROPRIATE.

-- - --

USES IN:

WRITING NUMBERS.

CREATING COMPOUNDS ORGANIZATIONS.

ADDING CERTAIN PREFIX IS CAPITALIZED.


XIII – SEMICOLON

YOU CAN ALSO JOIN SENTENCES TOGETHER WITH WORDS SUCH AS AND, BUT, OR, NOR, SINCE, BECAUSE, SO, AND SO FORTH. IN GENERAL, SEMICOLONS ATTACH SENTENCES TO EACH OTHERWITHOUT JOINING WORDS.

THE SENTENCES THAT SEMICOLONS ATTACH SHOULD HAVE A LOGICAL RELATION TO EACH OTHER. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON JOINING SENTENCES AND A COMPLETE DISCUSSION OF HOW TO DO SO WITH SEMICOLONS.

(WOODS, 2001. p. 192.)

;

XIV - SLASH /IS USED TO INDICATE A CHOICE BETWEEN THE WORDS

IT SEPARATES.

USING THE PASS/FAIL OPTION BACKFIRED ON HER; SHE COULD’VE GOTTEN NA A.

USING SLASHES IN A UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR

USED AS A PATH SEPARATOR IN WINDOWS.


BIOGRAFIA

WATSON, I. BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR: for English Language Grammar. Ed. 2ª. 2007. pg. 140-146.

WATSON, I. BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR: for English Language Grammar. Ed. 1ª. 2007. pg. 153-156.

www.grammmar.ccc.commnet.edu. 26/04/2015. 16:30

WOODS, G. ENGLISH GRAMMAR: For DUMMIES. 2001. pg. 192-199-200.

Education

Apresentação sintaxe ponctuation