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BPBLIJNB DB@EFDBJ @FDPWEW^UNDWN

Pnped ]nylbdndwn gnj gb c~nxnp 29 gn bofpwf gn 2555

]YNPEGND@EB GNJ @FDPWEW^UNDWN

J^EP LBD^NJ LER^EJNDBXE@N]YNPEGND@EB GNJ @FDPWEW^UNDWN

EPBBP YFGYO^NS

P^LBYEF

2$B}nyw~yb gn jb pnped$

@~ndwb gnj Gb

9$]ynpndwb`ed$

0$ @fdpegnyby jb }yf}~npwb gn }yfun`wf gn B`~nygf ynjbwexf b jb Gn`jbybwfyeb gn

Nlnyond`eb Db`efdbj }ynpndwbgf }fy jb C~dwb Geyn`wexb$

7$Jb Bpblijnb b}y~nib nj `by`wny }nylbdndwn gn npwb pnped$

>$Gnpeodby bj ]ynpegndwn u Xe`n}ynpegndwn gn jb @fleped @fdpwew~`efdbj gn

`fdhfylegbg `fd jf npwbijn`egf nd nj byw`~jf 0> gnj Npwbw~wf gn H~d`efdblendwf gn jbBpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$

8$Jb ]ynpegnd`eb edhfylb jb ~ie`b`ed b`fygbgb }byb jbp `flepefdnp gn jb Bpblijnb

Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$

?$@enyyn gn jb pnped$

2

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Pyxbpn edhfylby pe abu r~y~l* `e~gbgbdf Pn`ynwbyef$

NJ PN@YNWBYEF$Abu r~y~l* `e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn$

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Pn gn`jbyb bienywb jb pnped$ !223== b$l$%

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Pyxbpn gbyjn jn`w~yb bj Ficnwf gn jb }ynpndwn Pnped* `e~gbgbdf

Pn`ynwbyef$

NJ PN@YNWBYEF$ !Jnn%3

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9

2$@fdpegnyby jb }yf}~npwb gn ]yfun`wf gn B`~nygf ynjbwexf b jb Gn`jbybwfyeb gn

Nlnyond`eb Db`efdbj* }ynpndwbgf }fy jb C~dwb Geyn`wexb$

9$Gnpeodby bj ]ynpegndwn u Xe`n}ynpegndwn gn jb @fleped @fdpwew~`efdbj* gn

`fdhfylegbg `fd jf npwbijn`egf nd nj byw`~jf 0> gnj Npwbw~wf gn H~d`efdblendwf gn jbBpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$

Np wfgf* `e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn$

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Pyxbpn }bpby bj }yelny }~dwf* `e~gbgbdf Pn`ynwbyef$

NJ PN@YNWBYEF$ !Jnn%3

0

@fdpegnyby jb }yf}~npwb gn }yfun`wf gn B`~nygf ynjbwexf b jb Gn`jbybwfyeb gn

Nlnyond`eb Db`efdbj* }ynpndwbgf }fy jb C~dwb Geyn`wexb$

Np wfgf* `e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn$

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Nd `fdpegnyb`ed nj }yelny }~dwf gnj Fygnd gn Gb$ Wendn jb }bjbiyb

nj @fdpwew~undwn Bjjbd Iynny @bybp* u }~ngn ab`ny ~pf gn jb Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp$

@FDPWEW^UNDWN IYN_NY @BYBP !BJJBD%$ !Gnpgn jb Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp%$

@e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn* `fjnobp @fdpwew~undwnp$ Ln ynhenyf bj }yfun`wf gn Gn`ynwf gnGn`jbybwfyeb gn Nlnyond`eb Db`efdbj r~n h~n gepwyei~egf nj gb gn buny* u `flf }yelny}~dwf r~epenyb pfje`ewbyjn* `e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn* r~n b }bywey gn bafyb wybwnlfp gn

`~l}jey jfp jb}pfp u }jbsfp npwbijn`egfp nd nj Npwbw~wf$ Bjj pn ab edge`bgf r~n* bj

lndfp `fd 97 afybp gn bdwe`e}b`ed* gnind yn}byweypn gf`~lndwfp gn npwn we}f* u np

el}fywbdwn r~n jf wndoblfp nd `~ndwb ab`eb nj h~w~yf$ P r~n nj wybibcf ab pegf blby`ab hfysbgb* }nyf wybwnlfp gn yno~jbyesbydfp }byb wndny npwfp gf`~lndwfp `fd jb

gniegb bdwnjb`ed `flf dfp edwnynpb b jfp lenliyfp gn npwb Bpblijnb$

Bafyb* nd `~bdwf bj }yfun`wf nd p* wbj `flf npw yngb`wbgf f `fd`niegf* }endpf

r~n `b~pb lp gbf b jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn u b jb elbond gnj }bp* jfr~n h~n lfwexf gn jb r~ncb gnj ]ynpegndwn gn jb Yn}ije`b buny nd npwb Bpblijnb; r~n

jfp indnhe`efp r~n }byn`n i~p`by u r~n* nd le `yewnyef* jngf ojfibjlndwn* jf r~n

`fdg~`n np b jb edwnd`ed gn gn`jbyby nd nlnyond`eb jbp edpwew~`efdnp }ije`bp gnj }bp*l~u jncfp gn gn`jbyby nj Npwbgf gn Nlnyond`eb Db`efdbj$

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Pel}jnlndwn* df np ~d }yfijnlb pnldwe`f* gn wnyledfjfob* pedf `fd`n}w~bj* u

`ynf r~n wndnlfp r~n i~p`by r~n jbp gn`epefdnp gn nj bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwnynp}fdgbd ynbjlndwn b jf r~n pn r~enyn$ Nd npn pndwegf* r~enyf ab`ny ~db pnyen gn

fipnyxb`efdnp b npwn wnqwf$

Nd }yelny j~oby* bj h~dgblndwf gnj gn`ynwf$ Bjj pn ge`n3 Jb Bpblijnb* ndyn}ynpndwb`ed gnj ]~nijf* nd ncny`e`ef gnj ]fgny @fdpwew~undwn fyeoedbyef* fwfyobgf bj

]~nijf lngebdwn Ynhnydg~l b}yfibgf gnlf`ywe`blndwn nj 9> gn biyej$$$ Jb xnygbg

np r~n nj Ynhnydg~l gnj 9> gn biyej df fwfyo ]fgny @fdpwew~undwn Fyeoedbyef bjo~df*

np ~db edwny}ynwb`ed* ub pn gep`~we nj gfledof }bpbgf* df xfu b ynbiyey npb gep`~ped*h~n jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn jb r~n nd nj byw`~jf 2 gnj Npwbw~wf bp~le npn

]fgny @fdpwew~undwn Fyeoedbyef* u bp jf `fdpegny u }yfg~cf jf r~n an `bjehe`bgf

`flf ~db y~}w~yb `fdpwew~`efdbj nd gnlf`yb`eb* bj abiny npwbijn`egf nj lby`f gnj

Yoelnd @fdpwew~`efdbj xndnsfjbdf* ibpbgf nd jb @fdpwew~`ed gn 2582 `fd jbp

lfgehe`b`efdnp r~n pnbd npwbijn`egbp }fy jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$

]fy fwyb }bywn* `njniyf jb ynleped bj Ynhnydg~l gnj 9> gn biyej* }nyfjblndwbijnlndwn npwf gnielfp abinyjf an`af nd nj byw`~jf 2 gnj Npwbw~wf* `flf jf

}yf}~pn hfylbjlndwn u h~n dnobgf; bafyb* dfp xnlfp nd jb fijeob`ed* nd `bgb b`wf gn

npwb Bpblijnb* gn ab`ny ynhnynd`eb bj ynhnydg~l gnj 9> gn biyej* `~bdgf gnielfp

abinyjf }~npwf nd nj byw`~jf 2* `flf jf }yf}~pn$ ]fpeijnlndwn df h~n bgn`~bgblndwnedwny}ynwbgb le }yf}fpe`ed* r~n nyb xed`~jby npwb Bpblijnb* geyn`wblndwn* bj

ynhnydg~l gnj 9> gn biyej* r~n h~n nj r~n jn gef fyeond$

Bafyb* nd `~bdwf bj wnqwf gn jfp `fdpegnybdgfp gnj gn`ynwf* edpepwf nd r~n jb

edwnd`ed r~n ~df b}yn`eb df ynp}fdgn bj wnqwf gnj byw`~jf$ Pe nqbledblfp jfp`fdpegnybdgfp dfp gblfp `~ndwb r~n npwblfp nd }ynpnd`eb* nd npwn wnqwf* gn ~db

lbdehnpwb`ed f gn ~db `fdpwbwb`ed gn ~db `yepep gnj pepwnlb }fjwe`f* r~n dbgen }~ngn

dnoby nd npwn }bp$ Ped nlibyof* pjf pn dfliyb nd nj }yelny `fdpegnybdgf* jb `yepeppf`ebj u n`fdle`b; u nd nj pno~dgf `fdpegnybdgf jb `yepep `~jw~ybj* }nyf nd dedo~df pn

ab`n lnd`ed b jb `yepep gn jbp edpwew~`efdnp }fjwe`bp* r~n np nj lnfjjf gnj }yfijnlb nd

nj }bp u jb edwnd`ed gn npwn Gn`ynwf* r~n np ynhnyeypn b jbp edpwew~`efdnp } ije`bp gnj

}bp$ ]fy npf `ynf r~n df ibpwb gn`ey r~n abu ~d `fjb}pf u }ygegb gn jnoewelegbg gn

jbp edpwew~`efdnp gnj Npwbgf* pedf r~n jf r~n br~ npw nd `yepep np ~d pepwnlb }fjwe`f*

gn Npwbgf `ndwybjesbgf gn }bywegfp* r~n pn gnyy~li * r~n `fd`j~u u r~n abu r~n

p~pwew~ey }fy fwyf lfgnjf gn Npwbgf* r~n pnb gnp`ndwybjesbgf u }bywe`e}bwexf* u r~nnpwf pn ynbje`n nd gnlf`yb`eb$

@~bdgf ~df `fdpwbwb jb dn`npegbg gn el}jnlndwby lngegbp r~n gnind gn`egeypn

u ncn`~wbypn }byb ndhyndwby jb `yepep* `flf ge`n nj `~bywf `fdpegnybdgf* wndnlfp r~n

ab`ny ynhnynd`eb b npwb `yepep edpwew~`efdbj$ Npwfp `fdpegnybdgfp `fdg~`nd b jb

gn`jbyb`ed nd nlnyond`eb gn jbp edpwew~`efdnp xndnsfjbdbp$ Gn`jbyb`ed nd nlnyond`eb

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NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$ !Edwnyy~l}endgf%$ Gep`~j}n* `e~gbgbdf @fdpwew~undwn$ B`fygblfp

gbyjn ndwybgb b jfp }nyefgepwbp bj anle`e`jf* }nyf r~n df }nyw~yibybd jb pnped `fd

ndwynxepwbp$ Gn wbj lbdnyb r~n pn jnp y~nob `~l}jey `fd npb fijeob`ed$@fdwedn* `e~gbgbdf @fdpwew~undwn$

@FDPWEW^UNDWN IYN_NY @BYBP !BJJBD%$Nd Blye`b Jbwedb nj npwbgf gnnlnyond`eb u nj npwbgf gn nq`n}`ed jblndwbijnlndwn df abd `fdg~`egf b lngegbp}byb }yfwnony jb pno~yegbg gnj Npwbgf u nj edwnyp gn jb }fijb`ed; bj `fdwybyef jb

nq}nyend`eb np gnlbpebgf `fdf`egb* gn ln`bdeplfp lp iend yn}ynpfynp gn jfp

Gnyn`afp A~lbdfp$

Jb @fleped Edwnyblnye`bdb gn Gnyn`afp A~lbdfp gn jb FNB !Fyobdesb`ed gn

Npwbgfp Blnye`bdfp% r~n ab wf`bgf ynewnybgblndwn npwn wnlb* nd ~db ynpfj~`ed gn

2581* pnbj r~n3 Jb edpwew~`ed gnj npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb f gn pewef np `fl}bweijn `fd

nj yoelnd gn ofienydf gnlf`ywe`f* pe jb leplb np bgf}wbgb nd jbp peo~endwnp

`fdge`efdnp* u ge`n `fd }yn`eped3 r~n df p~}fdob* ndwyn fwybp `fpbp* jb ynpwye``ed gnjb xeond`eb gnj Npwbgf gn Gnyn`af de gn jbp dfylbp `fdpwew~`efdbjnp* de jb bjwnyb`ed gn

jbp `fl}nwnd`ebp gn jfp }fgnynp gnj Npwbgf u nj h~d`efdblendwf gn jfp lngefp gn

`fdwyfj$ @~bdgf pn bhn`wbd npwfp ln`bdeplfp gn npwbp edpwew~`efdnp* np ed`fl}bweijn njnpwbgf gn nlnyond`eb `fd nj yoelnd gn jfp gnyn`afp h~dgblndwbjnp$

]fy fwyb }bywn* gn`jbyby nj npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb dfp jjnxb geyn`wblndwn b r~n

ndwyn nd xeond`eb nj `fdwyfj edwnydb`efdbj pfiyn Xndns~njb* r~n df np nj ficnwexf r~n

}nypno~elfp$ Nj wnlb gnj npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb ab gncbgf gn pny* ab`n l~`af wenl}f*

gn jb nq`j~pexegbg gn jbp c~yepge``efdnp gflpwe bp nd jfp npwbgfp; }nywndn`n b jb

edwnydb`efdbjesb`ed gn jfp Gnyn`afp A~lbdfp u b jbp c~yepge``efdnp edwnydb`efdbjnp$Gn lbdnyb r~n bj gn`jbyby nj npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb ndwybyb nd b}je`b`ed nj byw`~jf 9?

gn jb @fdxnd`ed Blnye`bdb gn jfp Gnyn`afp A~lbdfp* u nj byw`~jf 7 gnj ]b`wf

Edwnydb`efdbj gn Gnyn`afp @exejnp u ]fjwe`fp r~n el}je`bd nj pflnwelendwf bj `fdwyfj

gn fyobdeplfp edwnydb`efdbjnp* u npf df np jf r~n nd le `yewnyef npw nd jb edwnd`ed gnnpwn gn`ynwf f }yfun`wf r~n pn ab yn}bywegf$

Gn lbdnyb r~n }byb df `fdh~dgey eddn`npbyeblndwn de bjelndwby lbjfp

ndwndgegfp r~n }~ngbd fyeoedby `fd ybsd* }fy jb lbjb ~wejesb`ed gn wyledfp `bl}bbp edwnydb`efdbjnp* p~oenyf pn `blien npwn wnqwf* u r~n pn gn`jbyn nd nlnyond`eb

b jbp edpwew~`efdnp gnj Npwbgf* b jfp yobdfp gnj ]fgny ]ije`f* `flf nd nhn`wf npwd* unpf `fd ~db yngb``ed r~n wendnd r~n xbyeby$ Df pn }~ngn gn`jbyby ~db nlnyond`eb

abpwb r~n `npn jb pew~b`ed r~n jb lfwexb* wendn r~n abiny ~d wyledf$ Ndwyn fwybp`fpbp npwb np ~db Bpblijnb wnl}fybj* }fy jf r~n df }~ngn gn`jbybypn br~ jb

nlnyond`eb }byb penl}yn; bj lndfp wendn r~n wndny 8 lnpnp f abpwb r~n jb Bpblijnb jf

gnwnyledn$ Gn lbdnyb r~n npwf nd nj byw`~jf 2 gnin pny njeledbgf$

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Bafyb* nd `~bdwf b jb }yf}eb yngb``ed* wblied wendn r~n pny lfgehe bgb

ybge`bjlndwn$ ]endpnd nd nj byw`~jf 23 Pn gn`jbyb jb Nlnyond`eb Db`efdbj pfiyn wfgfnj wnyyewfyef gn jb Yn}ije`b$ @lf np r~n pn gn`jbyb jb nlnyond`eb pfiyn wfgf nj

wnyyewfyef gn jb Yn} ije`b6 Gninyb pny nd wfgf nj wnyyewfyef gn jb Yn}ije`b* ub r~n

np el}fpeijn }ndpby r~n pn }~ngb gn`jbyby jb nlnyond`eb db`efdbj nd }bywn gnj

wnyyewfyef* gn lbdnyb r~n npwf np wfwbjlndwn eddn`npbyef$ ]fy fwyb }bywn* pn ge`n* pngn`jbyb nd nlnyond`eb b jfp ]fgnynp }ije`fp gn Npwbgf$ Npf df np }fpeijn* nj ]fgny

]ije`f fyode`blndwn df nqepwn; df np dedod yobdf; np ~db }fwnpwbg `fdpwew~`efdbj$

Jf r~n pn }~ngn gn`jbyby nd nlnyond`eb pfd jbp edpwew~`efdnp r~n ncny`nd nj]fgny ]ije`f* pfd jfp yobdfp gn Npwbgf* }nyf df nj ]fgny ]ije`f u l~`af lndfp

gn`jbyby nd nlnyond`eb b jfp ]fgnynp } ije`fp gnj Npwbgf$ Npf np bipfj~wblndwn

yng~dgbdwn$ Df abu fwyf ]fgny ]ije`f r~n df pnb gnj Npwbgf* gn lbdnyb r~n npwf jf

r~n dfp }fdn nd nxegnd`eb np r~n wndnlfp r~n `blieby ybge`bjlndwn nj wnqwf gn npwbdfylb$

Nd nj leplf pndwegf* nj byw`~jf 9 wendn r~n pny bgb}wbgf ed`j~pf bj byw`~jf

2 gn jfp Npwbw~wfp gn npwb Bpblijnb$ Bjj pn npwbijn`n r~n jb Bpblijnb }~ngn

gn`ynwby lngegbp pfiyn `fl}nwnd`ebp* h~d`efdblendwf u fyobdesb`ed gn jfp yobdfp

gnj ]fgny ]ije`f* }byb ~wejesby jb wnyledfjfob bgn`~bgb$ I~ndf* abu r~n xny r~

peodehe`b npwf* r~n jb Bpblijnb }~ngn lfgehe`by jbp `fl}nwnd`ebp u jb fyobdesb`ed gn

jfp yobdfp gnj ]fgny ]ije`f geyn`wblndwn; `ynf r~n br~ wblied wndnlfp r~n wndny

`fd`end`eb r~n gn jbyby nd nlnyond`eb b jfp yobdfp gnj Npwbgf* el}je`b r~n jfp

yobdfp gnj ]fgny ]ije`f* `flf jf ge`n nj byw`~jf 2 gn jfp Npwbw~wfp* wendnd r~n npwby

p~ifygedbgf b jb Bpblijnb* u pwb jf r~n wendn np r~n gby jbp edpwy~``efdnp b jfp

yobdfp gnj ]fgny ]ije`f }byb r~n bgf}wnd jbp lngegbp nd p~ }yf}ef `bl}f$

Pe pn xb b gn`jbyby jb nlnyond`eb gnj ]fgny Ncn`~wexf* npwf el}je`b gby

edpwy~``efdnp bj ]fgny Ncn`~wexf }byb r~n wfln gnwnyledbgbp lngegbp$ ]fy ncnl}jf* jb

p~p}ndped gn bjo~db obybdwb `fdpwew~ efdbj* r~n np `fl}nwnd`eb gnj Ncn`~wexf;

ynfyobdesb`ed gn jb Bgledepwyb`ed ] ije`b* }byb jf `~bj abu ~db Jnu Abiejewbdwn$]ndpby r~n jb Bpblijnb xb b `flndsby b ofinydby geyn`wblndwn* pny b }nygnydfp nd ~d

lby gn ofienydf u }nygny wfwbjlndwn jb fyendwb`ed h~dgblndwbj u r~n* nd gnhedewexb*

np }yn}byby ~d d~nxf }b`wf }fjwe`f r~n pn ynhjncn nd ~db d~nxb @fdpwew~`ed r~n

wndnlfp r~n b}yfiby$

Gn lbdnyb r~n npwbp fipnyxb`efdnp b jfp byw`~jfp 2 u 9* r~n pfd nj lnfjjf gn

npwn gn`ynwf* ln jjnxb* pnfy ]ynpegndwn* pnfynp @fdpwew~undwnp* b pfje ewbyjnp r~n

ynhjnqefdnlfp pfiyn nj wnqwf }yf}~npwf* r~n lp iend `b~pb }nyc~e`ef$ P~ hfylb gnyngb``ed }nyc~ge`b lp r~n jfp indnhe`efp r~n pn i~p`bd$ @fyyecblfp jf r~n abub r~n

`fyynoey* b jfp nhn`wfp gn r~n pn jfoyn nj ficnwexf r~n* nd le `yewnyef* edpepwf* np gn`jbyby

nd nlnyond`eb b jbp edpwew~`efdnp }fjwe`bp gnj Npwbgf* r~n ub jf npwd* }fyr~n jb

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`yepep ab pegf wnyledbj$ @~egnlfp ab`eb nj h~w~yf gn r~n wnqwfp gn npwb dbw~ybjnsb* r~n

}~ngnd pny iend el}fywbdwnp* df xbubd b }yfxf`by ynb``efdnp eddn`npbyebp n

ed`fdxndendwnp* r~n lp iend }~ngbd jnpefdby jb jbify gn jb Bpblijnb u jb }yf}ebelbond gn jf r~n jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn wendn `flf yfj h~dgblndwbj

ab`eb nj h~w~yf nd nj }bp$

L~`abp oyb`ebp* `e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn* `fjnobp @fdpwew~undwnp$

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Wendn jb }bjbiyb nj @fdpwew~undwn J~ep Xbjjndejjb* u }~ngn ab`ny ~pf

gn jb Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp$

@FDPWEW^UNDWN XBJJNDEJJB !J^EP%$ !Gnpgn jb Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp%$ @e~gbgbdf

]ynpegndwn* `e~gbgbdfp Xe`n}ynpegndwnp* `fjnobp @fdpwew~undwnp$ Bdf`an* `flf b jbp

?3==* yn`eielfp nj }yfun`wf gn Gn`ynwf gn Nlnyond`eb Db`efdbj$ @flf wfgfp ~pwngnp

pbiyd* bdf`an leplf nj wnqwf gn npn }yfun`wf h~n jngf nd jfp lngefp gn `fl~de`b`ed

b~gefxep~bjnp `flf pe h~nyb ub nj wnqwf gnhedewexf nlbdbgf gn npwb pfinybdb Bpblijnb*u nd jb }yndpb gn afu pn pnbjb r~n npwb Bpblijnb xb b b}yfiby npn leplf wnqwf bj `~bj

pn ynhenyn$

Fixeblndwn* npwb np ~db Bpblijnb pfinybdpelb* `flf iend pn jn abgndfledbgf* }nyf df np jb Bpblijnb de`blndwn* pflfp dfpfwyfp jfp r~n edwnoyblfp

jb Bpblijnb jfp r~n wblied pflfp pfinybdpelfp* }fyr~n pe df jf h~yblfp* wbl}f`f

jf }fgyb pny jb Bpblijnb$ Npb Pfinybdb* `flf iend pn pbin l~`af pn ab yn}nwegf

nlbdb gnj ]~nijf b wybxp gnj ]fgny fyeoedbyef r~n wendn* u r~n bp ab pegf `fdhnyegf bnpwb Bpblijnb u* }fy jf wbdwf* b p~p lenliyfp r~n jb `fdhfylbd$

Npwfu gn b`~nygf `fd nj @fdpwew~undwn Bjjbd Iynny @bybp nd `~bdwf b jfp

jb}pfp npwbijn`egfp nd nj Npwbw~wf gn H~d`efdblendwf* u r~n gnind pny ynp}nwbgfp*pfiyn wfgf `~bdgf pn wybwb gn ~d wnlb gn jb h~dgblndwbj el}fywbd`eb r~n dfp f`~}b$

Npwb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn ab `flndsbgf `fd i~nd }en$ Jb `fleped

gnpeodbgb }byb npwbijn`ny nj Npwbw~wf gn H~d`efdblendwf wybibc byg~blndwn* u j~nofwfgfp jfp lenliyfp ae elfp jf }yf}ef* ed j~pexn ~db p~i`fleped nd`byobgb gn

ynh~dgey bjo~dfp byw`~jfp h~d`efd `bibjlndwn$ B le c~e`ef* r~esp jbp edwnyxnd`efdnp

h~nyfd l~u jbyobp u }yfh~pbp* }nyf npb np ~db f}eded }nypfdbj* nd wfgf `bpf nqepwn nj

bp}n`wf }fpewexf gn jb oybd }bywe`e}b`ed gn wfgfp jfp lenliyfp gn npwb Bpblijnb* unpf* gndwyf gn jb gnlf`yb`eb }bywe`e}bwexb r~n gnpnblfp `fdpwy~ey* peodehe`b ~d i~nd

pdwflb$ ]fy npf geof r~n npwb Bpblijnb ab `flndsbgf `fd i~nd }en$ @fdwed~ `fd ~d

i~nd }en nd jb pnjn``ed }fy }bywn gn jb geyn`wexb u j~nof gn jb `fleped ynp}n`wexb u* nd

gnhedewexb* gn wfgfp jfp lenliyfp gn npwb Bpblijnb* nd jb pnjn``ed gn jbp `flepefdnpr~n !`flf% `fj~ldb xnywniybj abd gn pny gn jfp wybibcfp r~n xblfp b ynbjesby$

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Np `enywf r~n wfgfp npwblfp p~lblndwn edwnynpbgfp nd bdgby y}egblndwn* nd

`bledby `fd l~`ab `njnyegbg* `fd nj ficnwf gn r~n nj }bp }~ngb `fdwby }yfdwf `fd ~db@fdpwew~`ed Db`efdbj* }nyf npf df peodehe`b r~n xblfp b pb`yehe`by b le c~e`ef

d~npwyfp `yewnyefp* d~npwyf bdjepep* d~npwybp edwnyxnd`efdnp* jbp `~bjnp gninlfp

}yf`~yby pnbd jf lp `fywbp }fpeijnp$

Npwn np ~d wnlb h~dgblndwbj r~n gnin pny gep`~wegf pnod le `yewnyef b

`bibjegbg$ Nd jb w`de`b jnoepjbwexb* dfylbjlndwn* jb }bywn gn`epfyeb np lp jbyob* pn xn

`jbyblndwn nd jbp jnunp u nd p~ nq}fpe`ed gn lfwexfp$ Df dn`npbyeblndwn npf wendn r~n

pny bp$ Npn np nj `bpf b le c~e`ef gn npwn }yfun`wf r~n npwblfp gep`~wendgf$ Jfp`fdpegnybdgfp* np gn`ey* jb nq}fpe`ed gn lfwexfp gnj gn`ynwf* gn jfp }f`fp byw`~jfp gnj

gn`ynwf* pfd l~`af lp bl}jefp* }nyf npwelf r~n npf gnin pny bp }fyr~n jb

h~dgblndwb`ed gn npfp byw`~jfp* r~n nd gnhedewexb `fdhfylbd nj gn`ynwf* np

}yelfygebj$ Gn bjj r~n `fdpegnyf r~n b~dr~n np lp nqwndpb jb }bywn gn Nq}fpe`ed gnLfwexfp* bd pn r~ngb ~d }f`f `fywb$

Nd wbj pndwegf* ln an }nylewegf njbifyby ~d }yfun`wf gn nq}fpe`ed gn lfwexfp u

wblied gn gn`ynwf* r~n xfu b jnny$ Nd }yelny j~oby* gby jn`w~yb b jb nq}fpe`ed gnlfwexfp* u pno~egblndwn aby bjo~dfp `flndwbyefp pfiyn nj gn`ynwf$

@flf ~pwngnp }fgyd fipnyxby abu bjo~dfp `bliefp }byb bl}jeby jb

c~pwehe`b`ed gn npwn gn`ynwf3 Nd dfliyn u yn}ynpndwb`ed gnj ]~nijf Pfinybdf gnXndns~njb nd ncny`e`ef gnj ]fgny @fdpwew~undwn Fyeoedbyef* fwfyobgf gnlf`ywe`blndwn

}fy pwn lngebdwn Ynhnyndgf B}yfibwfyef nj 9> gn biyej gn 2555 nj leplf wnqwf

}ynpndwbgf }byb wybdphfylby nj Npwbgf* `ynby ~d d~nxf fygndblendwf c~yge`f r~n

}nylewb nj h~d`efdblendwf nhn`wexf gn jb gnlf`yb`eb pf`ebj u }bywe e}bwexb* u gn`fdhfylegbg `fd jf gep}~npwf nd nj byw`~jf 2 gnj Npwbw~wf gn H~d`efdblendwf gn npwn

@~ny}f$

@ynf r~n jb ibpn gn npwn gn`ynwf np }yn`epblndwn nj byw`~jf 2 gnj Npwbw~wf gnH~d`efdblendwf gn npwn @~ny}f* }nyf r~n ln xfu b }nylewey yn`fygbyjf jnudgfjf

y}egblndwn }fyr~n np jb ibpn h~dgblndwbj$ Npn byw`~jf 2 npwbijn`n dbw~ybjnsb u

leped gn jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$ Jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn*

np jb gn}fpewbyeb gn jb Xfj~dwbg ]f}~jby u nq}ynped gn p~ Pfinybdb `fd jbpbwyei~`efdnp gnj ]fgny Fyeoedbyef }byb ynfyobdesby nj Npwbgf xndnsfjbdf u `ynby ~d

d~nxf fygndblendwf c~yge`f gnlf`ywe`f$ Jb Bpblijnb* nd ~pf gn jbp bwyei~`efdnp r~njn pfd edanyndwnp* }fgy jelewby f gn`egey jb `npb`ed gn jbp b wexegbgnp gn jbp

b~wfyegbgnp r~n `fdhfylbd nj ]fgny ]ije`f$

Bjo~dfp ofinydbgfynp* jfp jjblbgfp gn f}fpe`ed u fwyfp r~n df jf pfd* abd

npwbijn`egf r~n npwb Bpblijnb df wendn npfp }fgnynp$ Npwb Bpblijnb nd ~pf gn p~

]fgny fyeoedbyef nqwndpexblndwn gep`~wegf nd p~ f}fyw~degbg u }jbplbgf nd npn

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byw`~jf }nyhn`wblndwn iend jf }~ngn ab`ny* u jf `flnds ab`endgf buny bj ybwehe`by

bj ]ynpegndwn gn jb Yn}ije`b nd nj ~pf gn p~p bwyei~`efdnp u gn p~p h~d`efdnp$

]~np iend* `flf anlfp xepwf* bjo~dfp gn npfp ofinydbgfynp ed`j~undgf

bjo~dfp xed`~jbgfp bj ]fjf ]bwyewe`f abd npwbijn`egf r~n npwb Bpblijnb pfjblndwn

gnin f`~}bypn gn jb njbifyb`ed gn npwb @fdpwew~`ed* u df wendn }fy r~ lnwnypn bybwehe`by nj ncny`e`ef gn jbp bwyei~`efdnp gn ofinydbgfynp u fwyfp h~d`efdbyefp$

Np l~u i~ndf r~n r~ngn br~ npwbijn`egf u ybwehe`bgf pfiyn wfgf ybwehe`bgf*}fyr~n ub h~n npwbijn`egf r~n p wendn npfp ]fgnynp* u r~n jb h~ndwn }byb npn gn`ynwf

gnin lnd`efdbypn* gn bjj r~n nd npwn }yfun`wf r~n xfu b `fdpeodby }fy Pn`ynwbyb*

pnbjf jb h~ndwn r~n np }yn`epblndwn nj byw`~jf 2 gnj Npwbw~wf gn H~d`efdblendwf$

Nd `~bdwf b jfp `fdpegnybdgfp* }fpeijnlndwn edp}eybgfp df jf p* }fyr~n df jf

nq}je` jb geyn`wexb `~bdgf dfp }ynpndw nj gf`~lndwf nd nj byw`~jf 972 gn jb

@fdpwew~`ed gn jb Yn} ije`b* `~bdgf pn lnd`efdb nj `bpf gn nlnyond`eb* gn`fdlf`ed* r~n }~ngb }nyw~yiby jb }bs gn jb Yn}ije`b f oybxnp `ey`~dpwbd`ebp r~nbhn`wnd jb xegb n`fdle`b u pf`ebj* bjj wblied nd nj }yelny `fdpegnybdgf pn npwbijn`n

r~n Xndns~njb pn nd`~ndwyb nd ~db `yepep pf`ebj u n`fdle`b$ Xfu b `fed`egey `fd nj

@fdpwew~undwn Bjjbd Iynny @bybp* nd r~n jb `yepep xndnsfjbdb df np de`blndwn

n`fdle`b u pf`ebj pedf r~n np eo~bjlndwn* u r~esp gn lbdnyb lp el}fywbdwn* gn`by`wny }fjwe`f u wblied gn `by`wny lfybj$

]fy wbj ybsd* ln an }nylewegf ed`j~ey nd nj }yelny `fdpegnybdgf gn npwn

]yfun`wf gn Gn`ynwf r~n xfu b `fdpeodby* jf peo~endwn3 R~n Xndns~njb pn nd`~ndwyb

edlnypb nd ~db `yepep pf`ebj* }fjwe`b* lfybj u n`fdle`b* r~n yn}ny`~wndnobwexblndwn pfiyn jb `bjegbg gn xegb gn jfp xndnsfjbdfp* nq}ynpbgb nd nj

nl}fiyn`elendwf gn ~d bl}jef pn`wfy gn jb }fijb`ed* jf `~bj ab `fdwyei~egf b ~d

wnyyeijn gnwnyefyf gn jb pbj~g hpe`b* lfybj u np}eyew~bj gn lejjfdnp gn `fl}bwyefwbp$

Ba abu ~d }nr~nf `blief r~n ~pwngnp }fgyd fipnyxby$

Jb `yepep `~jw~ybj pn lnd`efdb nd nj pno~dgf `fdpegnybdgf* u ln }byn`n iend

yngb`wbgb u npwfu gn b`~nygf `fd njjb$

Nd nj wny`ny `fdpegnybdgf ln }nylewf jb peo~endwn yngb``ed3 R~n nj

bofwblendwf* `fjb}pf u }ygegb gn jnoewelegbg gn jbp edpwew~`efdnp gnj Npwbgf nd jbb`w~bjegbg df }nylewnd ynpfjxny jb }yfh~dgb `yepep r~n dfp ndx~njxn u jelewbd nj

gnpbyyfjjf gn d~npwyb pf`engbg* u r~n pn lbdwendnd nd p~ pndf) ln }nylewf

p~onyey r~n npf pn boyno~n yn}ynpndwbdwnp gn jb geyeond`eb }fjwe`b `fyy~}wb*

}yflfxendgf b``efdnp r~n jelewbd u fipwb`~jesbd* b dexnj db`efdbj n edwnydb`efdbj*

jfp }yf`npfp wybdphfylbgfynp r~n pn npwd ede`ebdgf$

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U nd `~bdwf bj gn`ynwf* nd }bywn ln }byn`n r~n abu ~db edp}eyb`ed nd jfp

byw`~jfp 97= u 972 gn jb @fdpwew~`ed gn jb Yn} ije`b* u r~n df xendnd bj `bpf$ Npbnlnyond`eb db efdbj r~n bjj pn lnd`efdb np }fwnpwbwexb* `fd`niegb ndwfd`np gnj

]ynpegndwn gn jb Yn}ije`b `fd jb }bywe`e}b`ed gnj @fdoynpf gn jb Yn}ije`b* nw wnyb*

`flf ~pwngnp iend pbind* u df np nj `bpf br~ ynhnyeydfp b njjb f edp}eybydfp nd njjb*

}fyr~n df pn wybwb gn ~db p~p}ndped gn obybdwbp* pn wybwb gn jb wybdphfylb`ed gn jfp]fgnynp ]ije`fp* npn np b le c~e`ef* nj ficnwexf h~dgblndwbj gn npn gn`ynwf u `ynf r~n

pn gnyexb gnj }yfun`wf wblied$

Nd `fdpn`~nd`eb* npb nlnyond`eb db`efdbj p np `enywf r~n nlbdb gn jb `yepepn`fdle`b* pf`ebj u `~jw~ybj `flf pn lnd`efdb nd nj }yfun`wf* }nyf bgnlp }fjwe`b u

lfybj* `fpb r~n df pn lnd`efdb `flf bdwnp pnbjbib$ U* }fy fwyb }bywn* `jbyf* `flf nd

npn gn`ynwf pn `fdwnl}jb jb p~p}ndped gn obybdwbp `flf pn aesf }fy l~`afp bfp nd

`~bdwf b jbp obybdwbp n`fdle`bp pn ynhenyn ofienydf wybp ofienydf* bjj pn npwbijn`n*b~dr~n df pn a~ienyb `~l}jegf }fy l~`af wenl}f* `~bdgf `npnd* ge`n jb @fdpwew~`ed

bdwnyefy3 $$$bj `npby jbp `b~pbp r~n jb lfwexbyfd$ U nd nj }yfun`wf }ynpndwbgf pn ge`nbjof lp f lndfp pelejby* }fy npf pfp}n`af r~n abu ~db `enywb edp}eyb`ed nd npfp

byw`~jfp r~n df xendnd bj `bpf* }fyr~n npwblfp xexendgf ~db Xndns~njb l~u

gehnyndwn* npwblfp wybdphfylbdgf jbp edpwew~`efdnp gnj }bp* df npwblfp ab`edgfjn

hyndwn b ~db `yepep r~n fixeblndwn np ~db `yepep }yfh~dgpelb* }nyf b npb `yepep

}yfh~dgpelb df jn npwblfp ab`endgf hyndwn b wybxp gn p~p}ndped gn obybdwbp*

nw`wnyb* pedf b wybxp gn ~db wybdphfylb`ed gnj }bp r~n }nylewb ynh~dgby jb d~nxb

Yn}ije`b$ U npb wybdphfylb`ed df pn }~ngn ab`ny ped jb wybdphfylb`ed gn jbp

edpwew~`efdnp gnj }bp* wfgbp* df pfjblndwn jbp r~n pn }fywnd iend }fy ~d wenl}f$ Nd`~bdwf b jb f}fyw~degbg ub jn `fyynp}fdgny b npwb Bpblijnb Pfinybdb gn`egey* }nyf

gninlfp wndny l~u `jbyf r~n np jb wybdphfylb`ed gn wfgbp npbp edpwew~`efdnp$

]fy jf wbdwf* `~bdgf pn ge`n nd nj }yfun`wf }ynpndwbgf buny u r~n jb

}yndpb db`efdbj u ln elboedf r~n jb l~dgebj* jb gb }fy b}yfibgb

p~}fdendgf r~n dfpfwyfp pflfp br~ ~dfp lenliyfp gn ~db

pfinybdpelb* r~n df pflfp pfinybdfp u r~n df }ndpblfp u r~n df

wndnlfp ~db egnb l~u `jbyb pn npwbijn`n r~n abpwb r~n `npn jb pew~b`ed r~n jblfwexb* b npf pn ynheye wblied nj @fdpwew~undwn Bjjbd Iynny @bybp u yn`~nygf jb

edwnyxnd`ed buny gnj @fdpwew~undwn Njef Olns Oyejjf* `~bdgf r~nyb gnhndgny jf r~n

b p~ c~e`ef gninyb pny jb b~wfdflb gn ~db `fleped r~n pn f`~}byb gn jb oybxnpew~b`ed `by`njbyeb u j gn`b* lp f lndfp3 $$$r~n npb nyb ~db pew~b`ed abpwb `enywf

}~dwf `flf pn ge`n bafyb }~dw~bj* r~n }fgb `fyynoeypn nd }f`f wenl}f u df bp

pnbjbib j `flf jb oybxn pew~b`ed ng~`bwexb* gn pbj~g* nw`wnyb* r~n xendn }fy

bfp wybdphfyldgfpn nd `yepep u r~n wbygby l~`afp bfp nd yn`~}nybypn$

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Gn lbdnyb r~n pe dfpfwyfp xblfp br~* `flf pnbjb npn }yfun`wf* edp}eydgfdfp

~d }f`f nd r~n xb b `npby nj npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb r~n br~ pn }yf}fdn u r~n npdn`npbyef }nyf `fd hednp l~u `jbyfp r~n pfd jfp r~n npwbijn`n nj }yfun`wf* u r~n r~enyf

bl}jeby u gnhedey lp* `flf np jb ynhfyl~jb`ed gn jbp edpwew~`efdnp gnj }bp* @~dgf

`npb npf6 @~dgf `npb npb `yepep6 Gn br~ b 9= bfp* b 2= bfp* b > bfp* b 0 bfp6

]fyr~n nj }yfijnlb `by`njbyef fcbj pn }~genyb byynojby nd 0 f 7 bfp* fcbj$ ]nyf wendgfb npwby gn b`~nygf `fd nj @fdpwew~undwn Olns Oyejjf* r~n np ~d }yfijnlb r~n }~ngn

ynpfjxnypn nd }f`f wenl}f }fyr~n np lp jelewbgf u gnhedegf nd p~p }yf}fy`efdnp$

]nyf npb `yepep np}bdwfpb nd r~n dfp abd p~legf wfgfp jfp ofienydfp

bdwnyefynp nd jfp jwelfp `~byndwb u }e`f gn bfp* df xb b }fgny

ynpfjxnypn nd }f`fp bfp$ Ndwfd`np* @~dgf xb b `npby6

An an`af ~db yngb``ed gn jb `~bj df npwfu wfwbjlndwn pno~yf* gnif gn`ey `fd

wfgb ped`nyegbg* }fyr~n np ~d }yfijnlb geh`ej nj wyledf gn npn npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb$

Xfu b jnnyjnp le }yf}fpe`e

d nd `~bdwf pn ynhenyn bj gn`ynwf3

Byw`~jf ]yelnyf3 Pn gn`jbyb jb nlnyond`eb db`efdbj nd wfgf nj wnyyewfyef gn jb

Yn}ije`b u jfp ]fgnynp ]ije`fp gnj Npwbgf* b }bywey gn jb }~ije`b`ed gnj }ynpndwn

gn`ynwf u abpwb r~n r~ngnd `bibjlndwn npwbijn`egbp jbp edpwew~`efdnp r~n p~yoeyd

gnj D~nxf Fygnd N`fdle`f u pn }~ngb bp jjnxby b `bif nhe`bslndwn nj }yf`npf gn

wybdphfylb`ed edwnoybj gn jb db`ed$

Npwf r~esp }~ngn npwbijn`ny ~d wyledf `~bdgf pn `~l}jb npn }yf`npf$ Npn}yf`npf ynhnyegf b jbp edpwew~`efdnp* r~n np ~d wnlb wfwbjlndwn gepwedwf bj r~n }ynxenyfd

jfp jnoepjbgfynp `fdpwew~`efdbjnp nd 2582$

Le }yf}fpe`ed nd `~bdwf bj byw`~jf 9 np jb peo~endwn3 Byw`~jf Pno~dgf3 Jb

Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn gn`ynwby jbp lngegbp r~n pfiyn jbp `fl}nwnd`ebp*

h~d`efdblendwf u fyobdesb`ed gn jfp ]fgnynp ]ije`fp gnj Npwbgf* pnbd dn`npbyebp n

edgep}ndpbijnp }byb ndhyndwby jb pew~b`ed gn nlnyond`eb r~n xexn jb db`ed$

J~nof* jfp byw`~jfp wny`nyf u `~bywf `fdpnyxbd jb leplb yngb``ed$

Np wfgf* `e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn$

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$@fdwedb nj gnibwn$ Pn jn edhfylb b jfp `fdpwew~undwnp r~n xblfp bb}je`by yeo~yfpblndwn nj wenl}f gn edwnyxnd`ed gn jfp fybgfynp* pnod jf npwbijn`egf

nd nj Npwbw~wf gn H~d`efdblendwf$

Wendn jb }bjbiyb nj @fdpwew~undwn Anylbdd Np`byy* u }~ngn ab`ny ~pf gn jb

Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp$

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@FDPWEW^UNDWN NP@BYY !ANYLBDD%$ !Gnpgn jb Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp%$

Afdfybijn ]ynpegndwn u Xe`n}ynpegndwnp* afdfybijnp @fdpwew~undwnp3 Nj wnlb r~n dfp

f`~}b afu d~nxblndwn np gn }bywe`~jby wybp`ndgnd`eb n el}fywbd`eb u dfp fijeob bynxepby jfp `fd`n}wfp gnj Gnyn`af ]fjwe`f* gnj Gnyn`af @fdpwew~`efdbj* nd ynjb`ed bj

b`wf r~n afu pn }yf}fdn b jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$

Pn ab ge`af br~ r~n jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn nd nj Ynojblndwf pngn`jby fyeoedbyeb$ Df np bp* ~db xns lp* !@fdpwew~undwn% }yfhnpfy Bjjbd Iynny

@bybp* ~db `fpb np ~db Bpblijnb @fdpwew~`efdbj u fwyb ~db Bpblijnb @fdpwew~undwn$

Gn jb leplb lbdnyb `flf npbp gfp edpwew~ efdnp pfd gepwedwbp gn jf r~n np ~d

@fdoynpf @fdpwew~undwn f gn jf r~n pnyb ~d Ynhnyndgf @fdpwew~undwn$ Pfdedpwew~`efdnp r~n wendnd p~ }yf}eb np}n`ehe`egbg nd nj Gnyn`af @fdpwew~`efdbj

@fl}bybgf$ ^db Bpblijnb @fdpwew~`efdbj* ondnybjlndwn npw fygndbgb }fy nj ]fgny

@fdpwew~egf* b~d `~bdgf nqepwb ~db njn``ed }f}~jby* u p~ de`f ficnwf np yngb`wby ~db

@fdpwew~`ed$

]fy `enywf r~n npn npr~nlb pn `fyynp}fdgn pjf b ~d lfgnjf gn @fdpwew~`ed*

r~n np nj lfgnjf yb efdbj dfylbwexf gn jbp jjblbgbp `fdpwew~ efdnp np yewbp$ ^db

Bpblijnb @fdpwew~undwn `fd }ynp`edgnd`eb bj byw`~jf }yelnyf gn d~npwyf Ynojblndwf*}fy nj pfjf an`af gn pny Bpblijnb @fdpwew~undwn wendn ficnwexfp u lepefdnp r~n xbd

lp bjj gn jb pfjb yngb``ed gn ~db @fdpwew~`ed$ ]nyf* }fy pe h~nyb }f`f* nj ynhnyndgf

gnj 9> gn biyej nd p~p ibpnp `fle`ebjnp r~n dfp fyendwbd* r~n pfd jbp yn`wfybp gn npwn

}yf`npf* }fyr~n ba pn lbdehnpw nj Pfinybdf gn lbdnyb geyn`wb* dfp ge`n r~n pn wybwbgn lfgehe`by nj Npwbgf u wfgf nj fygnd c~yge`f}fjwe`f* fyendwbgf ab`eb ~db

gnlf`yb`eb pf`ebj u gn }bywe`e}b`ed$ Npf df np }fpeijn ynpfjxnyjf pjf `fd jb yngb``ed

gn ~db @fdpwew~`ed$

Dfpfwyfp pflfp ~db Bpblijnb Db efdbj @fdpwew~undwn* edpepwf* u df ~db

Bpblijnb @fdpwew~`efdbj fyendwbgb }fy nj }fgny `fdpwew~egf$ Npwb Bpblijnb

@fdpwew~undwn wendn dbgb lndfp r~n nj gniny u jb leped gn p~pwew~ey bj ]fgny

`fdpwew~egf gnpjnoewelbgf oybxnlndwn u r~n gef fyeond b jbp }yelnybp b``efdnp

`fdpwew~undwnp u r~n bafyb gb fyeond b jb f}nyb`ed `fdpwew~undwn$

Nd pno~dgf j~oby* df an xepwf nd dedo~db }bywn gn npwn np`yewf r~n pn gn`jbyn nj

npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb$ Jb xnygbg np r~n r~epenyb r~n ln `fyyeoenyb pe npwfu nr~exf`bgf$

Pn wybwb gn gn`jbyby jb nlnyond`eb db`efdbj* nd jb wnfyb `jpe`b gnj Gnyn`af ]ije`f* npfnp ~d b`wf gn ofienydf gn jb lp bjwb gep`yn`efdbjegbg$ Nd jb leplb @fdpwew~`ed gnj82* byw`~jf 97=* nj ]ynpegndwn gn jb Yn} ije`b wendn r~n gn`jbyby jb nlnyond`eb }fy

`fdhje`wf edwnydf f nqwnydf u np jb }bywn hedbj gn jfp byw `~jfp 979 u 970* nj de`f b}bywn

nj r~n ynhenyn b ~d gn`ynwf u np pjf nj byw`~jf 979 nj r~n abijb gn npwbgf gn

nlnyond`eb$

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]fy ncnl}jf* nd nj byw`~jf 25=* nd jbp }fwnpwbgnp }ynpegnd`ebjnp* df pn ge`n

gn`ynwby jb nlnyond`eb* pn ge`n3 $$$nd `bpf gn nlnyond`eb$ Ed`j~pf jb @fdpwew~`edjjnob b abijby gn pew~b`efdnp gn nlnyond`eb$ ]fy jf r~n abiyb r~n gn`ey r~n ~db `fpb

np jb gn`jbybwfyeb gn jb nlnyond`eb u fwyb np nj npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb$

Jb }yf}~npwb r~n }ynpndwb jb Lnpb Geyn`wexb b jb Bpblijnb df np ~d gn`ynwf gnnpwbgf gn nlnyond`eb* np ~db gn`jbybwfyeb gn nlnyond`eb$ Pe pn wybwbyb gn gn`ynwby nj

npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb* ndwfd`np wndgyblfp edlngebwblndwn r~n yn`jblby r~n nd nj

}yf}ef wnqwf gninyb pnbjbypn pe pn xbd b p~p}ndgny jbp obybdwbp f df* pe np nd wfgf f

}bywn gnj wnyyewfyef db`efdbj* pe pn wybwb gn p~p}ndped f ynpwye``ed gn obybdwbp* f pe jbp~p}ndped np wfwbj f }by`ebj$ ]nyf* bgnlp* df }fgnlfp fjxegby r~n nj npwbgf gn

nlnyond`eb np ~d ln`bdeplf gnlf`ywe`f* afu gb yno~jbgf }fy nj Gnyn`af

Edwnydb`efdbj lp r~n }fy nj Gnyn`af @fdpwew~`efdbj3 ]b`wf Edwnydb`efdbj gn Gnyn`afp

@exejnp u ]fjwe`fp* @bywb Edwnyblnye`bdb gn Gnyn`afp A~lbdfp* bjo~dbp dfylbp gn jb@bywb gn D~nxb Ufyk u fwybp dfylbp gnj ]yfwf`fjf gn @bywbondb gn Edgebp u gnj

]yfwf`fjf gn _bpaedowfd* nd ynjb`ed b jbp gfp jwelbp ynhfylbp gnj Npwbw~wf gn jbFyobdesb`ed gn Npwbgfp Blnye`bdfp$

Nd Xndns~njb* nj npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb ab npwbgf yno~jbgf }fy jb @fdpwew~`ed*

}nyf wblied ab npwbgf yno~jbgf }by`ebjlndwn$ Jnu Fyode`b gn Pno~yegbg u Gnhndpb*

Jnu Fyode`b gn jbp H~nysbp Bylbgbp Db`efdbjnp* Jnu Fyode`b gn jb Bgledepwyb`ed

@ndwybj* @geof gn C~pwe`eb Lejewby* pfd }bywn gn jbp yno~jb`efdnp }by`ebjnp gnj npwbgf gnnlnyond`eb$ Nd `fdpn`~nd`eb* `flendsf }fy bheylby r~n npwb }yf}~npwb np ~db

gn`jbybwfyeb* df np ~d gn`ynwf gn npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb$

Nd pno~dgf j~oby* abu r~n boynoby b npwbp `fdpegnyb`efdnp jb ynhjnqed c~yge`bbr~ }yf}~npwb3 Gninyblfp ey b ~db gn`jbybwfyeb gn nlnyond`eb db`efdbj* f b gn`jbyby

nd nlnyond`eb db`efdbj bj }bp$

Nj }bp npw nd nlnyond`eb db`efdbj* df xnf r~ abyblfp dfpfwyfp gn`jbydgfjfnd nlnyond`eb db`efdbj* yn`fdf`ny r~6 ]byb r~ npwblfp ndwfd`np br~6 Wndnlfp

r~n gn`jbyby jb nlnyond`eb db`efdbj b jfp nhn`wfp gn edwnyxndey jfp ]fgnynp ]ije`fp*

r~n gninlfp ab`nyjf nd nj `fdwnqwf gn jb gnlf`yb`eb* r~n gninlfp ab`nyjf nd nj

`fdwnqwf gn jfp }yed`e}efp yn}~ije`bdfp* gn jbp obybdwbp gnlf`ywe`bp* gn jb}yfoynpexegbg gn gnyn`afp a~lbdfp* gn jb r~n abijby pno~yblndwn le bleof !Nj

@fdpwew~undwn% Wbynk _ejjebl Pbbi* f bgnlp gn jb fipnyxbd`eb gn jfp wybwbgfpedwnydb`efdbjnp$ I~ndf* npbp pfd jbp jelewb`efdnp r~n nj Pfinybdf jn gef b jb Bpblijnb

Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn* wew~jby wnl}fybj gnj ]fgny @fdpwew~undwn Fyeoedbyef nd ~d}yf`npf gn `by`wny gnlf`ywe`f$

R~epenyb p~onyey f }ynpndwby bjo~dbp iynxnp egnbp* p~`edwbp r~n }fgybd

`fl}jnlndwby jb gn`jbyb`ed$ Jb }yelnyb np r~n d~npwyb wybge`ed nd npwb lbwnyeb

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`flendsb nd 2191* `fd nj Gn`ynwf Fyode`f gn jb Lboepwybw~yb @fdpwew~`efdbj

Ifjexbyebdb$ Nd npb gn`jbybwfyeb nj Jeinywbgfy l~u pbieblndwn gnge`b ~d `b} w~jf bjNpwbw~wf gn Obybdwbp$ Npf pn yn}ewe nd jb lbufyb gn jbp Bpblijnbp @fdpwew~undwnp*

ed j~pf nd jb @fdpwew~undwn gn 2578* b~dr~n ba h~n nj }yfg~`wf gn ~db y~}w~yb

xefjndwb gnj fygnd c~yge`f* jf }yelnyf r~n pn aesf h~n gn`ynwby ~d Npwbw~wf gn

Obybdwbp* u j~nof `fdxf`by b jb Bpblijnb @fdpwew~undwn$

Gn wbj lbdnyb* r~n np wybge`ed yn}~ije`bdb* nj Gn`ynwf gn Obybdwbp* u

}yf}fdof r~n nd nj `fdwndegf gn jb gn`jbybwfyeb* f nd nj }yelny gn`ynwf `fd

h~dgblndwf nd jb gn`jbybwfyeb jn geoblfp bj l~dgf r~n Xndns~njb xb }fy nj `bledf gnjb gnlf`yb`eb* gn jb jeinywbg* gnj ynp}nwf bj gepndwelendwf* b jb }j~ybjegbg gn jbp egnbp* u

nd gnhedewexb* jfp gnyn`afp gn jeinywbg* ub afu gb edwnydb`efdbjesbgfp nd jfp wybwbgfp*

b`~nygfp u `fdxndefp edwnydb`efdbjnp$

Nd pno~dgf j~oby* df `fdh~dgey gn`jbybwfyeb `fd Gn`ynwf gn Npwbgf gn

Nlnyond`eb$ Npf wybn `flf `fdpn`~nd`eb r~n pnblfp l~u }yn`epfp* nd jf r~n ub br~pnbj nj @fdpwew~undwn J~ep Xbjjndejjb* jb egnb f nj `fl}fdndwn gn wnl}fybjegbg*

d~npwyb gn`jbybwfyeb* df }~ngn ey lp bjj ynbjlndwn* gn jfp pnep lnpnp gn xeond`eb r~nwndgy npwb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$ Bgnlp* np `fdxndendwn* np dn`npbyef* np

jb wybge`ed c~yge`b gnlf`ywe`b* r~n nd jb gn`jbybwfyeb pnbjnlfp `~j np jb

wnl}fybjegbg gn npb gn`jbybwfyeb gn nlnyond`eb db`efdbj$

Jb fwyb `fdpegnyb`ed np jb gn jfp lngefp gn `fdwyfj$ Npwf }fgyb pny

edwnynpbdwn }byb r~endnp pn gn`jbynd nd `fdw~lb`eb u yninjgb* `flf b}byn`n afu gn

}bywn gn bjo~dfp ofinydbgfynp nd jfp lngefp gn `fl~de`b`ed pf`ebj$ Df npwblfp b

np}bjgbp gn jbp edpwew~`efdnp gn jb jeinywbg* npwblfp ab`endgf ~d nph~nysf }byb jb}nyhn`weiejegbg* }yfh~dgesb`ed u xnygbgnyb xeond`eb gn jbp edpwew~`efdnp gn jb jeinywbg$

Nd `fdpn`~nd`eb* df gblfp jb np}bjgb b jfp ln`bdeplfp gn `fdwyfj* `flf p jf aesf nj

]ynpegndwn ]yns nd f`bped gn jfp p~`npfp gnj 9? u 91 gn hniynyf* `fd nj gnp}jeno~n gnjbp H~nysbp Bylbgbp* p~p}ndped gn jbp obybdwbp `fdpwew~`efdbjnp* }nyf

ed`~l}jelendwf gn jb fijeob`ed gn dfwehe`by bj ]b`wf gn Pbd Cfp u bj ]b`wf

Edwnydb`efdbj gn Gnyn`afp @exejnp u ]fjwe`fp* np gn`ey* b jb Fyobdesb`ed gn jbp

Db`efdnp ^degbp u b jb Fyobdesb`ed Npwbgfp Blnye`bdfp$

]fgyb p~onyeypn ~db yngb``ed bge`efdbj* `fl}jnlndwbyeb* r~n dfweher~n nd

bwnd`ed b jb fipnyxbd`eb gn jfp wybwbgfp edwnydb`efdbjnp r~n Xndns~njb gn`jbyb jbnlnyond`eb db`efdbj* wbdwf }fy xeyw~g gnj ]yfwf`fjf ]yelnyf gn ]b`wf gn Gnyn`afp@exejnp u ]fjwe`fp* Fyobdesb`ed gn jbp Db`efdnp ^degbp* `flf }fy xeyw~g gnj ]b`wf gn

Pbd Cfp* @bywb Edwnyblnye`bdb gn Gnyn`afp A~lbdfp b jb Fyobdesb`ed gn Npwbgfp

Blnye`bdfp$

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Dfpfwyfp* nd ynbjegbg* df wndnlfp dbgb r~n np`fdgny bj l~dgf* dbgb r~n

np`fdgny b jb pf`engbg* dbgb r~n np`fdgny b d~npwyf ]~nijf$ Nd `fdpn`~nd`eb* `fd npwbpfipnyxb`efdnp `fd bjo~dbp bge`efdnp r~n pno~yblndwn pn abyd* nd jf }nypfdbj

ynp}bjgf* df nj Gn`ynwf gn Npwbgf gn Nlnyond`eb* }fyr~n df jf np* pedf jb gn`jbybwfyeb

gn npwb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn nd ynjb`ed b jb nlnyond`eb db`efdbj* }fyr~n

pe anlfp ge`af r~n jfp ]fgnynp npwd p~ifygedbgfp bj ]fgny @fdpwew~undwn fyeoedbyefgnj ]~nijf gn `by`wny gnlf`ywe`f* wndnlfp r~n ab`ny `enywb npb xnygbg$ Gn jf

`fdwybyef* pe df bp~lelfp `fd xnygbgnyb ynp}fdpbiejegbg u df `fd lengfp* df `fd

pfliybp* df `fd gnlfdefp* npwb ynbjegbg* pn }fgy gn`ey gn dfpfwyfp u df r~nynlfp

r~n pnb bp jf r~n !Nj `fdpwew~undwn% Lbyef Iye`nf Eybofyyu pnbj gn wfgb ~dbondnyb`ed nd nj @bibjjf gn Jngnslb3 ndpnbyfd bj ]~nijf b `blieby jbp lfdngbp gn

fyf gn p~ xegb* }fy ~db* gfp* wynp u lp lndweybp `fjn`wexbp$ Dfpfwyfp df npwblfp

gep}~npwfp ab`ny npf$

Oyb`ebp$

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Wendn jb }bjbiyb nj @fdpwew~undwn @byjfp Wbijbdwn$

@FDPWEW^UNDWN WBIJBDWN !@BYJFP%$ !Gnpgn jb Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp%$

@e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn* r~nyegfp u r~nyegbp @fdpwew~undwnp3 Nd 2557 Gf~ojbp Dfywa*

]ynlef Dinj gn N`fdflb* h~n edxewbgf b d~npwyf }bp }byb ge`wby ~db `fdhnynd`eb nd

nj Ibd`f @ndwybj* pfiyn jf r~n }fgbd pny p~p f}edefdnp nd ynjb`ed b jfp ynwfp

n`fdle`fp gn Xndns~njb$

Jb }yelnyb `fd`j~ped r~n pfy}yndge b jfp }ynpndwnp* nd npn nd`~ndwyf `fd

Gf~ojbp Dfywa* np r~n }f`f abij gn n`fdflb* u gecf3 r~n nj }yed`e}bj }yfijnlb r~nwndb d~npwyf }bp* df nyb wbdwf nj n`fdle`f* pedf gn jb gniejegbg gn p~p edpwew~`efdnp ufyobdesb efdnp* r~n dfp ab b hbjwb edxndwby* ynh~dgby* ynab`ny* ynfyobdesby b jbp

edpwew~`efdnp gnj Npwbgf xndnsfjbdf* r~n pe df abibd ynojbp gn c~nof `jbybp* df eibd b

xndey jfp edxnypefdepwbp* r~n pe df wndblfp yiewyfp `fdhebijnp* yn`fdf`egfp u

ynp}nwbgfp* np gn`ey* c~n`np* df eibd b xndey jfp edxnypefdepwbp$

Nj }yed`e}bj }yfijnlb }byb pfj~`efdby jb `yepep n`fdle`b gn Xndns~njb* nyb

ynpfjxny jb `yepep r~n jblndwbijnlndwn ab egf b~lndwbdgf nd nj ]fgny C~ge`ebj$ ]nyf np

wfgb ~db nlnyond`eb edpwew~`efdbj jb r~n nqepwn nd Xndns~njb; pn ab egf

p~pwew~undgf nj Npwbgf gn Gnyn`af }fy nj npwbgf gn jb wybl}b* npwbgf gn `~dwf

abu }b npf$ Jfp `geofp gn jb `fyy~}`ed dfp bwyb}bd geyn`wb f edgeyn`wblndwn* pn abegf `ynbdgf ~db np}n`en gn pf`engbg gn `l}je`np* u anlfp jjnobgf b ~db pew~b`ed gn

bdbyr~b* gn bdfleb* gn }ygegb gn b~wfyegbg nd wfgfp jfp wnyyndfp* u }yn`epblndwn np

jb ybsd }fy jb `~bj dfp anlfp `fdxf`bgf }byb `fdpwew~eydfp* jfp r~n hfylblfp }bywngn npwb pf`engbg* nd ~d ]fgny @fdpwew~undwn* u npwblfp br~ yn}ynpndwbdgf jb

Pfinybdb gn npn ]fgny @fdpwew~undwn }byb `~l}jey xbyebp wbynbp* df pfjblndwn jb gn

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yngb`wby ~db d~nxb @fdpwew~`ed* pedf wblied jb gn df r~ngbydfp gn iybsfp `y~sbgfp*

de pny `l}je`np hyndwn b jb pew~b`ed gn gnp`fl}fpe`ed r~n xexn nj }bp nd nj fygndlfybj u we`f$

@~bdgf jn bdf`an jb }yf}~npwb gnj gn`ynwf `fd jb gn`jbyb`ed gn nlnyond`eb*

ln p~yoenyfd xbyebp g~gbp3 nd }yelny j~oby* pe nyb }nywedndwn r~n gn`jbyyblfp npwbnlnyond`eb* }fyr~n ub* `flf iend pn ab ge`af nd nj byw`~jf 2 gn d~npwyfp npwbw~wfp* pn

gnhedn `jbyblndwn r~n npwblfp br~ }fyr~n abu ~db nlnyond`eb* u r~n* }fy p~}~npwf*

npf ynr~enyn r~n wflnlfp ~d `fdc~dwf gn b``efdnp* gn b`wfp gn b``ed edlngebwb* gn

b`wfp gn ~yond`eb }byb bwndgny npb nlnyond`eb* u npf df np jf r~n xblfp b gep`~wey afu$]nyf* jf `enywf np* r~n bj ynxepby nj Ynojblndwf ndwendgf r~n jfp geyn`wexfp abd wndegf jb

edwnd`ed gn ~ie`bydfp nd ~d lby`f ondnybj* nd ~db np}n`en gn gn`ynwf lb`yf* }byb

`bdbjesby nj `fdc~dwf gn nlnyond`ebp np}n`he`bp r~n gninyblfp `flndsby b gep`~wey b

}bywey gn jb }yqelb pnlbdb* b }bywey gnj }yqelf lbywnp$

Ped nlibyof* `fdpegny r~n df nyb dn`npbyef }bpby }fy br~* r~n }fgyblfp eygeyn`wblndwn b jb gep`~ped gn npfp wnlbp u ndwyby b ynxepby jb nlnyond`eb edpwew~`efdbj*

}fy ncnl}jf* ynhnyegb bj ]fgny C~ge`ebj* bj lfxelendwf pedge`bj u oynlebj* b jbp `bcbp gnbafyyfp* b ofinydb`efdnp u l~de`e}efp* u b wfgfp br~njjfp bp~dwfp r~n ynr~enyb nj

Ncn`~wexf }byb bwndgny jb oybxpelb pew~b`ed pf`ebj }fy jb r~n npwblfp }bpbdgf$

Yn}ewf* `fdpegnyf eddn`npbyef }bpby }fy npwn gn`ynwf lb`yf* pedf ey geyn`wblndwn b

gnhedey }fy ynbp jbp b``efdnp ~yondwnp b`fygbgbp }fy nj ]fgny @fdpwew~undwn$

Jb edwnd`ed gn `ynby npwb pew~b`ed }fy jb xb gnj gn`ynwf lb`yf* }byb j~nof

ndwyby b gnhedey nd hfylb np}n`he`b `bgb ~df gn jfp bp~dwfp gn jb nlnyond`eb* bi~dgb*

}nyf wbl}f`f npw gnlp* u xepwf r~n br~ pn ab an`af ~d `fdc~dwf gn gn`jbyb`efdnp}fy }bywn gn nq}nywfp nd lbwnyeb `fdpwew~`efdbj r~n }fgybd lncfyby jb yngb``ed nd

`~bdwf b jfp `fdwndegfp* nd `~bdwf b jfp hednp* gn jf r~n }fgy b pny jb gn`jbybwfyeb gn

npwb nlnyond`eb edpwew~`efdbj* jb xnf lncfy bp `flf ~db nlnyond`eb edpwew~`efdbj* u df

`flf ~db nlnyond`eb db`efdbj* }fyr~n* nhn`wexblndwn* nj Npwbgf xndnsfjbdf* jbpf`engbg xndnsfjbdb xexn ~db `yepep }fy jfp edge`bgfynp pf`ebjnp* n`fdle`fp* }fy wfgf

nj h~d`efdblendwf gnj fygndblendwf npwbijn`egf gn `yepep l~u oybxn* u bp}eyblfp

ynpfjxnyjb b jbyof }jbsf `fd jbp ibpnp `fdpwew~ efdbjnp gnj `fdwndegf gn jb d~nxb

@fdpwew~`ed* u nd jb hfylb edlngebwb }fy ~d `fdc~dwf gn b`wexegbgnp r~n gn edlngebwfr~nynlfp `flndsby b ncny`ny$

@enywblndwn* nj }ynpegndwn A~of @axns obd jbp njn``efdnp; jjno b jb

]ynpegnd`eb gn jb Yn}ije`b* }nyf bjj ab npwbgf pn`~npwybgf }fy ~d Npwbgf

`fjfdesbgf }fy nj xencf ]fgny$ U npf abu r~n `flndsby b gnpbylbyjf u npf df

ynr~enyn ~db f}nyb`ed pfjblndwn `fplwe`b pedf b``efdnp l~u y}egbp r~n gnind

gnpbyyfjjbypn }byb ey ab`eb nj npwbgf gn c~pwe`eb pf`ebj r~n wfgfp bp}eyblfp$

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Bafyb npwblfp nd ~db nwb}b gn wybdpe`ed; }nyf wblied gn `fdhyfdwb`ed$ Ln

}ynf`~}b r~n buny* pbjendgf gn br~* ~d oy~}f gn pnfynp u pnfybp r~n npwbibd nd jbpbh~nybp gnj @fdoynpf ln ae`enyfd ~db pnyen gn }jbdwnblendwfp r~n jfp xfu b wybny nd p~

f}fyw~degbg }fyr~n `ynf r~n np ~d bjnywb r~n gninlfp wflby nd `~ndwb gn jf r~n npw

pedwendgf jb `bjjn nd ynjb`ed b d~npwyf yfj$

Wndnlfp r~n `~egby l~u iend d~npwyf yfj* `flf gn`b nj @fdpwew~undwn J~ep

Xbjjndejjb$ Abpwb bafyb jbp `fpbp abd npwbgf pbjendgf iend* }nyf wndnlfp r~n nxewby

`fdxnyweydfp nd ~d `jfd gn jf r~n }fgb pny nj @fdoynpf; pny l~u `~egbgfpfp nd

`~bdwf b d~npwyf h~d`efdblendwf* ed`j~pf abpwb nd jbp `fpbp lp

pnd`ejjbp `flf jb }~dw~bjegbg }byb nj `flendsf gn d~npwybp pnpefdnp u

wfgf jf r~n wendn r~n xny `fd nj Npwbw~wf gn H~d`efdblendwf b}yfibgf*

pny l~u yeo~yfpfp nd nj `~l}jelendwf gnj leplf$ ]nyf gn`b jf gnj `jfd gnj@fdoynpf }fyr~n b jb ondwn jn }ynf`~}b* }fy ncnl}jf* r~n abublfp wflbgf `flf pngn

jbp edpwbjb`efdnp gnj @fdoynpf u r~n pe df pn npwbijn`nd jfp gnpjedgnp bgn`~bgfp*}~geyblfp `flndsby b `fdxexey `fd ~db pnyen gn xe`efp gnj xencf ]fgny Jnoepjbwexf

r~n wfgfp `fdf`nlfp$

Gnpgn nj }~dwf gn xepwb bgledepwybwexf* p r~n jbp hyfdwnybp npwd l~u `jbybp*}nyf br~ wfgbxb nqepwnd 0 lej 9== nl}jnbgfp* b`wexeplf }fjwe`f u }bywegepwb }bobgf

`fd `byof bj }ynp~}~npwf gnj @fdoynpf }ynxepwf }byb npwn bf nd nj fygnd gn jfp 8= lej

lejjfdnp gn ifjxbynp$ Br~ wfgbxb nqepwnd hyb``efdnp }byjblndwbyebp r~n wendnd

oybdgnp fhe`edbp lendwybp r~n dfpfwyfp npwblfp jelewbgfp nd `~bdwf bj np}b`ef hpe`f}byb d~npwybp b`w~b`efdnp u }byb jf r~n wndnlfp }fy gnjbdwn `flf wbynbp edlngebwbp;

wfgf npf abiy r~n gnhedeyjf gndwyf gn bjo~dbp gn npwbp lngegbp gn nlnyond`eb nd`~bdwf b jfp gn`ynwfp r~n pn }~ngbd njbifyby ynp}n`wf b jbp jelewb`efdnp r~n `jbyblndwn

gninlfp npwbijn`ny nd jf ynhnyegf bj h~d`efdblendwf gn npn ]fgny `fdpwew~egf* r~n np njjnoepjbwexf$

]nyf wblied ln }ynf`~}b jf r~n nq}ynpbib nj @fdpwew~undwn Bjjbd Iynny

@bybp* npf gn r~n dfpfwyfp df xblfp b `fdwyfjby jbp nlnyond`ebp$ Np r~n npf df npbp~dwf npwybwoe`f u h~dgblndwbj gn r~n jn xblfp b gby edpwy~``efdnp b jfp ]fgnynp

`fdpwew~egfp$

Elbodndpn ~pwngnp* gn`jbyblfp jb nlnyond`eb pedge`bj u jn gblfp edpwy~``efdnpb Hngnye`f Yblyns Jnd$ I~ndf" Df `ynf r~n jbp `~l}jb* edg~gbijnlndwn$ ]fy

ncnl}jf* pe gn`jbyblfp jb nlnyond`eb pedge`bjoynlebj u jn xblfp b gby jbp

edpwy~``efdnp b jfp leplfp r~n npwd bjj f}nybdgf* wfgf npn `ey`~ewf lbhefpf gn

`fyy~}`ed pedge`bj* df `ynf r~n peyxb gn l~`af }byb jfp `bliefp r~n npwblfpbp}eybdgf$

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Jf leplf f`~yyeyb `fd jb nlnyond`eb c~ge`ebj* elbodndpn r~n dfpfwyfp

gnpeodnlfp ~db Bjwb @fleped gn C~pwe`eb }ynpegegb }fy jb b`w~bj ]ynpegndwb gn jb

@fywn P~}ynlb gn C~pwe`eb$ Df wndof dbgb `fdwyb gn njjb de dedod c~e`ef gn xbjfy

r~enyf ab`ny* }nyf @byblib" ]fgyd npfp f}nybgfynp gn wfgf npn pepwnlb gn

`fyy~}wnjbp g~ybdwn bfp `fdn`wbgfp `fd jfp oybdgnp i~hnwnp u `fd jfp oybdgnp

oy~}fp n`fdle`fp* pny jfp obybdwnp gn jb ynhfylb c~ge`ebj r~n npwblfp}yf}~jpbdgf6

Wndof lep g~gbp wblied bj ynp}n`wf u }fy npf np r~n `ynf r~n nj `fdwyfj pfiyn

jbp nlnyond`ebp u pfiyn jb ncn`~`ed gn jbp lngegbp ~yondwnp r~n b`fygnlfp* wendn r~n

pny bipfj~wblndwn gn jb Bpblijnb Db efdbj @fdpwew~undwn }byb r~n jfp ]fgnynp`fdpwew~egfp b`wnd `flf d~npwyfp p~ifygedbgfp* b`bwnd d~npwybp ynpfj~`efdnp u jbp

`~l}jbd$ ]nyf* }fy p~}~npwf* obybdwesbdgf jb b~wfdflb gnj ]fgny `fdpwew~undwn$

Wblied }fy ynp}fdpbiejegbg* wndnlfp r~n b`jbyby nd npwb gep`~ped pfiyn nj

bp~dwf gn jb nlnyond`eb nd wyledfp lb`yfp r~n df }fgnlfp `ynby hbjpbp nq}n`wbwexbpnd nj }bp }fyr~n gn yn}ndwn dfp xbd b jjfxny b` pfje`ew~gnp gn nlnyond`eb }byb

`~bjr~eny `fpb u wndnlfp r~n abijbyjn `jbyf bj }bp* }fyr~n gnp}~p pn }~ngn `ynby ~db

oybd hy~pwyb`ed$ Wndnlfp r~n gnhedey l~u iend `~j np nj }jbd gn jbp nlnyond`ebpedpwew~`efdbjnp r~n xblfp b }yf}e`eby u b ncn`~wby$ ]nyf df }fgnlfp `ynbyjn bj }bp

hbjpbp ej~pefdnp gn r~n wfgf pn xb b ynpfjxny `fd nlnyond`eb* gn r~n jb Bpblijnb

Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn np `flf ~db xbyewb loe`b r~n bj wf`by `bgb ~df jfp

}yfijnlbp r~n dfp bhn`wbd jfp leplfp xbd b r~ngby pfj~`efdbgfp }fyr~n df np

`enywf$

Pnd`ejjblndwn* jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn np ~d edpwy~lndwf gnj]~nijf }byb ede`eby jfp `bliefp* }byb ede`eby ~d `bledf* }byb ede`eby ~db d~nxb aepwfyeb*

}byb yn`fdpwy~ey* }byb ynh~dgby* }byb jfoyby jb R~edwb Yn}ije`b* nj nph~nysf b}ndbp

`flendsb u jf npwblfp ynbjesbdgf dfpfwyfp* }nyf df }fgnlfp `ynby jbp nq}n`wbwexbp gn

r~n jbp pfj~`efdnp npwd b jb x~njwb gn jb npr~edb }fyr~n df np `enywf$

B}yfxn`af }byb ybwehe`by nj `fl}yflepf r~n wndnlfp `fd npwn }yf`npf

`fdpwew~undwn r~n pn npw gnpbyyfjjbdgf nd Xndns~njb$ Dfpfwyfp nd jb j~`ab }fjwe`b u

pf`ebj npwblfp gnpgn jfp 2> bfp `~bdgf `flndsblfp b lejewby nd jb C~xndw~g@fl~depwb u j~nof nd nj LBP u i~ndf* anlfp npwbgf 91 bfp }bpbdgf }fy gnpenywfp u*

}fy r~ df gn`eyjf* wblied b xn`np dfp gncblfp nd`bdgejby }fy jfp np}nceplfp gnjpepwnlb$ ]nyf pe nd bjod lflndwf }bpblfp }fy sfdbp nl}bdwbdbgbp f jjndbp gn

`aby`fp* df npwblfp br~ }byb ab`ny ~db yn}byb`ed `fplwe`b f gn hb`abgb f gnlbr~ejjbcn* npwblfp br~ b~wdwe`b u ped`nyblndwn egndwehe`bgfp `fd nj }yf}pewf

wybdphfylbgfy r~n npw bienywf }byb wfgb jb pf engbg xndnsfjbdb `fd npbp y~wbp

wybdphfylbgfybp u ynxfj~`efdbyebp r~n pn abd bienywf u jbp npwblfp wybdpewbdgf ped

dedo~db xb`ejb`ed* `fd l~`ab `fdxe``ed u heylnsb$

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Npwblfp `fl}yflnwegfp `fd npwn }yf`npf u df xblfp b b`w~by }byb gnwndnyjf fhyndbyjf* pedf }fy nj `fdwybyef* }byb b`njnybyjf u }fy npf np r~n npwblfp l~u

}ynf`~}bgfp }fyr~n pbinlfp r~n nj xencf ]fgnypn ynpepwn b gncby jbp sfdbp r~n npw

f`~}bdgf u dfpfwyfp wndnlfp r~n b`w~by b`njnybgblndwn }byb pb`byjf gn npbp sfdbp u

}byb f`~}byjbp `fd nj d~nxf ]fgny r~n npw db`endgf$

L~`abp oyb`ebp$ !B}jb~pfp%$

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Wendn jb }bjbiyb nj @fdpwew~undwn N~pwfr~ef @fdwynybp u }~ngn ab`ny

~pf gn jb Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp$

@FDPWEW^UNDWN @FDWYNYBP !N^PWFR^EF%$ !Gnpgn jb Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp%$

@e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn* `fjnobp @fdpwew~undwnp3 @njniyf r~n jb lby`ab gn npwn @~ny}f

nd gnjeinyb`efdnp pn npw b}yfqelbdgf b ~d }~dwf gn nd`~ndwyf `fd jb ficnwexegbg*

}~npwf r~n pjf ~d bliendwn r~n `fyynp}fdgb b jb ficnwexegbg b~pndwn gn `byobp~icnwexb }~ngn }nylewey nd xnygbg r~n nl}n`nlfp b `~l}jey jf r~n pn dfp ab

nd`flndgbgf b `bgb ~df gn dfpfwyfp* }~gendgf b`w~by `fd jeinywbg gn `fd`end`eb* `fd

afdnpwegbg edwnjn`w~bj u* pfiyn wfgf* `fd b~wfdflb gn `yewnyef$

U ab an`af iend jb geyn`wexb nd ndwynobydfp buny npwn }yfun`wf !Jf l~npwyb% r~n

dfp }nylewe ynxepbyjf }byb xndey b f}edby `fd lbufy `fd`end`eb$ H~dgblndwbjlndwn*pfje`ew nj gnyn`af gn }bjbiyb }byb ab`ny ~d bbgegf bj `fdpegnybdgf D 2* }nyf bafyb

r~enyf ynhnyeyln b bjo~dfp gn jfp bp}n`wfp r~n `fdpegnyf ynjnxbdwnp gn jbp

edwnyxnd`efdnp r~n ln abd }yn`ngegf$

@fl}bywf `fd nj @fdpwew~undwn Bjjbd Iynny @bybp jbp b}yn`eb`efdnp gn npwejf u

gn hfylb r~n edg~gbijnlndwn pnyd b`foegbp }fyr~n ndyer~n`nd nj }yfun wf nd

gep`~ped$ Penl}yn bwndwf b p~ bjwb edxnpweg~yb b`bgle`b n edwnjn`w~bj* npwb xns ln

pendwf ped `fl}yndgny gfp gn p~p el}fywbdwnp b}yn`eb`efdnp$ Jb }yelnyb gn njjbp*`~bdgf pn ynhenyn b jb lfwexb* ndwyb `~npwefdbdgf p~ bj`bd`n* p~ dbw~ybjnsb$ Ped

nlibyof* }byn`enyb pny r~n pe jb ibpn jnobj df h~nyb `flf np jb pfinybd b gn jb

@fdpwew~`ed yn`foegb nd nj byw`~jf 2 gnj Npwbw~wf gn H~d`efdblendwf pedf jbp

gep}fpe`efdnp r~n pfiyn jb lbwnyeb `fdwendn jb @fdpwew~`ed gnj bf 2582 b j jno~pwbyb$ Npf gebj`we`blndwn np h`ej gn ndwndgny u ynp}nwby* }nyf np }bywn gn jb

gep`~ped gn hfdgf nd jb `~bj anlfp bafdgbgf ibpwbdwn$

Nj fwyf bp}n`wf r~n df `fl}yndgf gn p~ edwnyxnd`ed pn ynhenyn b r~n dffipwbdwn lbdehnpwby npwby gn b`~nygf `fd r~n nj }bp nd wyledfp ondnybjnp npw nd

nlnyond`eb* wnyledb ab`endgf ~db b`fwb`ed r~n `fdwybge`n jf bdwnyefy bj gn`ey r~n

pjf gnin gn`jbybypn jb nlnyond`eb gn jbp edpwew~`efdnp }fjwe`bp `fd jb `~bj gncb gn jbgf

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nd npwb }yqelb b}yn`eb`ed* jb `yepep r~n nd nj ynpwf gn jfp ygndnp }bgn`n d~npwyb

Yn}ije`b$

@fdpegnyf r~n wblied gninlfp pny `~egbgfpfp }fyr~n }fgnlfp gep`yn}by

ndwyn dfpfwyfp b jb j~s } ije`b* }nyf b jb afyb gn }ynpnyxby nj i~nd dfliyn gn jb

Yn}ije`b }fy jb i~ndb lby`ab gnj }yf`npf* wndnlfp r~n pny `~egbgfpfp bdwn jfp fcfpgnj l~dgf$ ]endpf r~n xnygbgnyblndwn lp gbf jn ab`n b jb Yn}ije`b ynhfysby jb

egnb gn jfp ndnleofp bdwbode`fp gn jfp edwnynpnp gn npwn }bp* bj bheylby `fd ~d nq`npf

gn `njf p~}ybdb`efdbj r~n npwn }yfun`wf `fdwendn dfylbp r~n `af`bd f }fgybd npwby nd

`fdwybge``ed `fd b`~nygfp edwnydb`efdbjnp u `fd gn`jbyb`efdnp ~dexnypbjnp$]bywe`~jbylndwn* df jfp nd`~ndwyf }fy dedo~db }bywn$

]fy jwelf* df npwfu gn b`~nygf `fd ~d bp}n`wf gn jbp b}yn`eb`efdnp gnj

@fdpwew~undwn Anylbdd Np`byy `~bdgf gb p~ f}eded ynhnyegb bj `fdwndegf gnjbyw`~jf 2* nd `~bdwf b }yn`epby ~d wenl}f gn g~yb`ed gn npwb nlnyond`eb$

Nd }yelny j~oby* np l~u geh`ej pbiny `~dgf wnyledb ~db nlnyond`eb r~n de

per~enyb anlfp `~bdwehe`bgf u l~`af lndfp jn anlfp ynp}fdgegf$ Df fipwbdwn* abu}bylnwyfp r~n ln ab`nd }ndpby r~n xbjn jb }ndb gncby jb yngb``ed gnj byw`~jf 2 wbj

`flf xendn nd nj }yfun`wf$ ^d }bylnwyf np ~db lqelb g~yb`ed }fyr~n df }~ngn ey

lp bjj gnj wenl}f r~n g~ynd jbp gnjeinyb`efdnp* jb }ynpnd`eb gn npwn @~ny}f

Pfinybdf$ Lbj }fgyb }ndpbypn r~n lp bjj gn jb g~yb`ed gn jb Bpblijnb* }fgybnpwby xeondwn npwb gn`jbybwfyeb u ln o~pwb gncbyjf bienywf ab`eb nj ldelf }fyr~n jbp

`ey`~dpwbd`ebp }fgybd jjnxbydfp b }ndpby* u fcbj pnb bp* r~n jb nlnyond`eb wndob ~db

g~yb`ed lndfy r~n jb }yf}eb nqepwnd`eb gn jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$

Nd `fdpn`~nd`eb* bj }ynpndwbyln }bywegbyef gn r~n r~ngn jb yngb``ed wbj `flf

npw* np b indnhe`ef gn jb }fpeiejegbg gn r~n npwf `npn nd `bpf gn r~n gnpb}byns`bd jbp

`b~pbp gn jb gn`jbybwfyeb gn nlnyond`eb$

U }fy jwelf* pnfy ]ynpegndwn* nd `~bdwf bj }yelny `fdpegnybdgf* bgnlp gn jb

`b~pb gn jb `yepep n`fdle`b u jb `b~pb pf`ebj* xjegblndwn nj @fdpwew~undwn J~ep

Xbjjndejjb }yf}fdn jb `b~pb lfybj; }nyf wbj `flf jb gnp`yein* u `fd`n}w~bjlndwn np bp *

wybwb gn ynexedge`by jfp }yed`e}efp edwydpn`fp jfp xbjfynp edwydpn`fp nj b~wfofienydf*

jb jnu r~n `bgb r~end jjnxb nd p leplf `flf dfylb gn p~ `fl}fywblendwf* }nyf gncb

bh~nyb nj }yfijnlb we`f r~n np br~nj r~n b}~dwb f }yf}ndgn b b}~dwbyab`eb nj `fl}fywblendwf nd nj lbdncf gnj nybyef }ije`f* gn jbp yer~nsbp

gn jb db`ed* nj `fl}fywblendwf gn jb bgledepwyb`ed } ije`b r~n df

}~ngn gncbypn gn jbgf }fyr~n jb `fyy~}`ed np ~d lbj p~}nyefy bj pf`ebj u

bj n`fdle`f }~npwf r~n gn bjj }bywn jb gnoybgb`ed nd wyledfp

ondnybjnp$

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]fy wbj ybsd* }yf}fdof r~n pn ed`fy}fyn nj bp}n`wf we`f* nj lfybj* nj pf`ebj u njn`fdle`f `flf jbp `b~pbp gn d~npwyb `yepep$

Np wfgf* `e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn u `fjnobp @fdpwew~undwnp$

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Wendn jb }bjbiyb nj @fdpwew~undwn Hynggu O~weyyns$

@FDPWEW^UNDWN O^WEYYNS !HYNGGU%$ !Gnpgn jb Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp%$ Lep

r~nyegfp bleofp$ Wndof jb ed`nyweg~liyn pe npwblfp nd ~d hfyf }fj we`f* pe npwblfp nd

jb B`bgnleb gn @end`ebp C~yge`bp f pe npwblfp nd ~db lepb gn yr~enl$ Npwf df }~ngnpny$ @ynf r~n wndnlfp r~n wflby gn d~nxf nj }jbdwnblendwf fyeoedbj d~npwyf `flf ~db

bpblijnb npnd`ebjlndwn }fjwe`b u r~n }fjwe`blndwn wendn r~n wybibcby jfp

}jbdwnblendwfp r~n npwd }yf}~npwfp nd lnpb$

Nd npn pndwegf* }fy p~}~npwf* r~n xbjn jb }ndb yn`fygby br~nj jbwedfblnye`bdfgn jb g`bgb gnj 8=* lge`f* }njnbgfy r~n gn`b3 X~njxf gn d~nxf `fd le bgbyob bj

iybsf* pendwf pfiyn lep wbjfdnp nj `fpwejjby gn Yf`edbdwn$

@ynf r~n* lep r~nyegfp bleofp* pfiyn jb ibpn ub gn ~d }jbdwnblendwf gepwedwf*

npnd`ebjlndwn }fjwe`b xbjn jb }ndb r~ np nlnyond`eb$ Nj ge``efdbyef jf gnhedn gnj

peo~endwn lfgf3 B``ed gn nlnyony* jf r~n b`fdwn`n `~bdgf nd jb `fliedb`ed gn

hb wfynp `fdf`egfp p~yon ~d hndlndf r~n df pn np}nybib$ ]fpwnyefylndwn ge`n3Nlnyondwn$ R~n nlnyon$ R~n db`n gn fwyb `fpb$ Nlnyony3 Pbjey gn ~d lngef* ybuf

j~ledfpf r~n nlnyon$ ]yn`epblndwn gn npf pn wybwb* gn ~db pew~b`ed gn nlnyond`eb$

]fy p~}~npwf* }fgnlfp gn`ey r~n npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb* gn`jbyb`ed gn nlnyond`eb*}nyf jb nlnyond`eb np ~db pfjb$ Np jb pew~b`ed r~n dfpfwyfp xexelfp nd nj fygnd pf`ebj*}fjwe`f u r~n nd nj fygnd c~yge`f* ped ae}yifjnp de `ey`~djfr~efp de yni~p`blendwfp gn

dedod we}f* xbjn r~n npwb Bpblijnb pnb gn`jbybgb c~pwblndwn nd nlnyond`eb$ Pn

gn`jbyn nj npwbgf gn nq`n}`ed* wfgb xns r~n npn npwbgf gn nq`n}`ed* u bp pn bglewn

nd Xndns~njb* nd Byondwedb* nd Hedjbdgeb u nd hye`b* pn p~`ngn `~bdgf abu

`fdhje`wf edwnyefy f nqwnyefy f h~dgbgfp lfwexfp gn r~n npn `fdhje`wf edwnyefy f

nqwnyefy }~ngb f`~yyey* u npf }yn`epblndwn np jf r~n f`~yyn nd Xndns~njb Gn`jbyblfp

nj npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb }byb df wndny r~n p~p}ndgny lp wbygn jbp obybdwbp* }byb df

wndny r~n p~p}ndgny lp wbygn nj gnyn`af gn yn~ded* nj gnyn`af b jb a~njob* nj

gnyn`af b jb bpf`eb`ed* nj gnyn`af b jb lbdehnpwb`ed$ Pe r~nynlfp }ynpnyxby npfpgnyn`afp* c~pwblndwn wndnlfp r~n gn`jbyby npn npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb* wfgb xns r~n abu

h~dgbgfp edge`efp }byb ~db pew~b`ed gn `fdlf`ed$

Nd lbwnyeb gn ng~`b`ed* elbodndpn r~n nj dlnyf gn }nypfdbp r~n

npwd nd nj pn`wfy hfylbj gnj wybibcf* nj oybgf ng~`bwexf r~n wendnd np

p~lblndwn }fiyn$ Nj >>. gn jfp cxndnp wybibcbgfynp }fpnn ~d de`f

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`b}ewbj ng~`bwexf ndwyn 2 u 1 bfp gn np`fjbyegbg$ Ge`n lp wbygn* ~db

nd`~npwb pnyeb* r~n bgnjbdw ed`j~pf nj Ofienydf }bpbgf* nj dlnyf gn

cxndnp wybibcbgfynp* `fd bjod oybgf gn ng~`b`ed p~}nyefy `fdpwew~un nj

1*5. gnj wfwbj$ Nd wbdwf r~n jfp }yfhnpefdbjnp u w`de`fp p~}nyefynp* b}ndbp

bj`bdsbd jb nqeo~b yn}ynpndwb`ed gn 2*0.$ Np gn`ey* jfp cxndnp r~n wendnd~d oybgf ~dexnypewbyef f wendnd oybgfp w`de`fp p~}nyefynp* yn}ynpndwbd nj

~df }fy `endwf dbgb lp gn npn pn`wfy jbifybj$

]fy fwyf jbgf* np i~ndf gn`ey `lf pn ab xndegf gnoybgbdgf nj }yfijnlb nd nj

}bp$ Nd nj `bpf jbifybj* l~`afp r~n npwd b` pfd yn}ynpndwbwexfp gnj ~dexnypf gnjwybibcf$ ]~np iend* nd jfp edge`bgfynp n`fdle`fp ipe`fp* `ehybp nj bd~byef npwbgpwe`f

gnj Ibd`f @ndwybj gn Xndns~njb* dfp wybn* }fy ncnl}jf* jbp peo~endwnp `ehybp3 Nd 2585 pn

ynl~dnybib bj wybibcf `fd nj >2*11.* ndwyn wbdwf bj `b}ewbj `fd nj 75*01.$ Gens bfp lp

wbygn* nd 25?5* pn ynl~dnyb nj wybibcf `fd 7?*7>. u nj `b}ewbj `flendsb b p~}nyby p~

}yf}eb ynl~dnyb`ed `fd nj 75*29.$ ]byb nj gb gn afu* nj wybibcf pn ynl~dnyb `fd ~dnp`bpf 0=.* lendwybp r~n nj `b}ewbj pn ynl~dnyb `fd nj ?=.$ Np gn`ey* `flf pbind

~pwngnp* nj wybibcf pn ynl~dnyb lngebdwn nj pbjbyef$ Nd `blief* nj `b}ewbj pn ynl~dnyb

lngebdwn jbp wbpbp gn edwnyp$ U f`~yyn r~n ab abiegf ~db bjwpelb ynl~dnyb`ed gnj

`b}ewbj u ~db gnoybgb`ed gn jb ynl~dnyb`ed gnj pbjbyef$ Np r~n b`bpf npf df np

p~he`endwn }byb ndwndgny r~n abu ~db pew~b`ed r~n }~ngn gnpnd`bgndby

~d }yfijnlb gn `fdlf`ed u wnyyfy nd nj }bp6 @ynf r~n p$

Bgnlp* `~bdgf nl}bjlblfp jbp `~npwefdnp r~n bwbnd bj wybibcf* pbj~g* pno~yegbg

pf`ebj* np r~n b`bpf df abiy r~n gn`jbyby jb nlnyond`eb `~bdgf xnlfp r~n nd nj `bpf gn jbpno~yegbg pf`ebj* gn b`~nygf bj }jbd gn wybdpe`ed gnj y oelnd xeondwn* bj d~nxf pepwnlb gn

pno~yf pf`ebj* nj 8=. gn fyobdesb`efdnp gnj Npwbgf* df }bobd nj Pno~yf Pf`ebj* u nj 7=. gn

fyobdesb`efdnp }bywe`~jbynp df abd }bobgf nj Pno~yf Pf`ebj$ U r~ ab p~`ngegf6 ]fy ncnl}jf*

~db ynwnd`ed gn jbp `fwesb`efdnp gn jfp wybibcbgfynp* `fdheo~ydgfpn ~d gnjewf gn b}yf}eb`ed

edgniegb `bjehe`bgb* abiegb `~ndwb r~n pn jn ynwendn bj wybibcbgfy jb `bdwegbg gn `fwesb`ed* }nyf

df pn ndwnyb b jb `bcb gnj Pno~yf Pf`ebj$ ]fy p~}~npwf r~n abd r~niybgf bj Pno~yf Pf`ebj$ Df

peodehe`b r~n jb pno~yegbg pf`ebj* ndwfd`np* wendn r~n pny gn`jbybgb nd nlnyond`eb6 @ynf r~n p $

@~bdgf dfp }bpnblfp }fy nj fygnd gnj gnpnl}jnf f nd nj ~dexnypf gnj nl}jnf f

gnpnl}jnf* jbp `ehybp nd nj fygnd hfylbj gnj }yf}ef Ibd`f @ndwybj u jb Fhe`edb @ndwybjgn Npwbgpwe`bp n Edhfylwe`bp* dfp ynxnjbd ~d 9=. gn`jbybgf gn gnpnl}jnf$ U df

wflbdgf nd `~ndwb* wbj xns* ~d 0=. f lp gn }nypfdbp r~n pn gnge`bd b xndgny

`~bjr~eny `fpb r~n n~hnlpwe`blndwn jjblbd pn`wfy edhfylby gn jb n`fdflb$ Np gn`ey*

jb lewbg gn jb }fijb`ed xndnsfjbdb npw nd ~db pew~b`ed gn gnpnl}jnf f gn nl}jnf

}yn`byef$ Pe nqbledblfp jbp `~npwefdnp r~n bwbnd bj pbjbyef* xblfp ndpno~egb b

ndwndgny r~n npwblfp nd nlnyond`eb$ Ab`n 0= bfp* ~d }yfhnpefdbj ~dexnypewbyef }fgb

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bj ede`ebypn nd p~ xegb }yfhnpefdbj* gfp f wynp bfp* gnpgn ~d p~iwndendwn abpwb ~d

lge`f* ~d `fl~de`bgfy pf`ebj* }fgb wndny ~d pbjbyef r~n jn }nylewenpn wndny wn`af* flnwnypn nd ~db xexendgb gnj Ibd`f Fiynyf f gnj Edbxe !Edpwew~wf Db efdbj gn jb

Xexendgb% gn ndwfd`np$ ]fgb `fl}yby ~d `byyf* wbj xns ~pbgf$ Bjod xna`~jf* bjo~db

hfylb gn wybdp}fywn$ Afu df* nj gb gn afu* nj pbjbyef np wbd }yn`byef r~n df np }fpeijn

r~n ~d }yfhnpefdbj* b~d wndendgf 2= f 2> bfp gn oybg~bgf* pbjxf r~n ndwyn nd njl~dgf gn jbp `felbp f jf r~n nd Lqe`f jjblbd jb lfygegb* pbjxf npf* df }~ngn

wndny ~d wn`af }yf}ef$ Wendn r~n byyelbypn c~dwf `fd p~ }byncb b jb `bpb gn p~p

}bgynp$ Npf df }~ngn pny$ Npf dfp ynxnjb ~db pew~b`ed gn nlnyond`eb$

]fy p~}~npwf* wblied jf xnlfp nd `~bdwf b jb `~npwed

}ndewnd`ebyeb* b jb r~n jb ab bj~gegf nj !@fdpwew~undwn% }yfhnpfy u

lbnpwyf Njef Olns Oyejjf* lp gn 7= lej afliynp ab`edbgfp nd jbp

`y`njnp$ R~n l~nynd u xexnd wfgfp jfp gbp* nd bjo~db f`bped nd Ubyn*

yn`~nygf `lf npfp }ynpfp r~n npwbibd bjj * ln `flndwbyfd r~n jbpfjjbp* jn r~ewbd nj bpb b jb fjjb u jb wb}b gn jb fjjb wendn r~n npwby ~db nd

nj }n`af u fwyb nd jb np}bjgb* }fyr~n jbp }njnbp pfd b l~nywn$ Ndwfd`np*

lep r~nyegfp bleofp* npf df dfp ynxnjb r~n abu r~n gn`jbyby ~db

nlnyond`eb u npf nd jf r~n `fd`enydn bj wybibcf* nd jf r~n `fd`enydn b jfp

afliynp }yexbgfp gn jb jeinywbg* }nyf wblied `~bdwf bj `b}ewbj$

Nd `~bdwf bj `b}ewbj* abu njnlndwfp `flf pwn* wybeof b`*

~db dfwb gnj Hngnybj Ynpnyxn I~jjnwed* gn bofpwf gn 2551$ Jbdfwe`eb np jb peo~endwn3 Jfp gn}pewfp gn }bywe`~jbynp

xndnsfjbdfp nd nj pepwnlb hedbd`enyf gn jfp Npwbgfp ^degfp pn

npwelb nd 9=$858 lejjfdnp gn gjbynp$ Np gn`ey* ?$??0 lejjfdnp gn

gjbynp lp r~n jbp ynpnyxbp edwnydb`efdbjnp gn jb Db`ed$ Df

dfp ynxnjb b`bpf r~n npb np ~db pew~b`ed gn nlnyond`eb* gn

~yond`eb* b jb `~bj abu r~n bwb`by$ @ynf r~n p$

]fy p~}~npwf* anlfp anyngbgf ~d bliendwn gn jfp bgn`fp u `f}nubdfp r~nr~epenyfd p~ibpwby bj }bp* `flndsbyfd jb }yexbwesb`ed gnj }bp* `fjf`bdgf bdwn

lbywejjnyfp gn fhe`ef* jbp @fl}bb Bddelb Db`efdbj Wnjhfdfp gn Xndns~njb$R~epenyfd gn `~bjr~eny lbdnyb wblied }yexbwesby jb njn wye egbg u abd r~nyegf

}yexbwesby* wblied gn `~bjr~eny lbdnyb* nj bj~ledef* b }npby gn r~n d~npwyf bj~ledef

}nyhn`wblndwn }~ngn pny nq}jfwbgf }fy dfpfwyfp f nq}jfwbgfp nd bpf`eb`efdnp

npwybwoe`bp `fd nj `b}ewbj nqwybdcnyf$

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U b` r~enyf ab`ny ~db ynhjnqed r~n ln }byn`n el}fywbdwn gnpgn nj }~dwf gn xepwb

}fjwe`f$ Jfp r~n xelfp jb wnjnxeped bdf`an* ub wndblfp dfwe`ebp gnj nqwybdcnyf* u dfp gn`bd pn

npw ba~undwbdgf nj `b}ewbj nqwybdcnyf* df xbd b xndey jfp `b}ewbjnp nqwybdcnyfp$ ]~np iend* lep

r~nyegfp bleofp* wndnlfp r~n gn`ey gn ~db xns u }byb penl}yn* r~n jbp pf`engbgnp r~n ynbjlndwn

pn gnpbyyfjjbd pfd br~njjbp r~n h~dgbd npn gnpbyyfjjf nd nj wybibcf u df nd nj `b}ewbj$ U nd

pno~dgf j~oby* r~n nj `b}ewbj nqwybdcnyf np iendxndegf }nyf penl}yn r~n pnb }byb `fl}bywey `fdnj `b}ewbj gnj Npwbgf u `fd nj `b}ewbj }yexbgf xndnsfjbdf gehnyndwnp b`wexegbgnp }byb nj gnpbyyfjjf

gn jb ]bwyeb$ Df r~nynlfp ~d `b}ewbj nqwybdcnyf r~n }~ngb jjnxbydfp* `fdg~`eydfp b

~d nqpbdo~dnf* r~ ab f`~yyegf lep r~nyegfp bleofp* nd Pedob}~y* nd Edgfdnpeb*

nd @fynb* ed`j~pf nd Cb}d* r~n ab wndegf ~db n`fdflb h~nywn$

Nd ge`enliyn gnj bf }bpbgf* ab`n np`bpblndwn penwn ~ f`af lnpnp* npfp

`b}ewbjnp nd lndfp gn 97 afybp npwbibd pendgf h~obgfp b np}b`efp gfdgn nj }bof gnj

wybibcf nyb ~d }bof lepnybijn* u npwbib jjnxbdgf b ~db `yepep bipfj~wb* wfwbj b }bpnp

`flf Edgfdnpeb$ Nd nj `bpf gn Edgfdnpeb jjnxbyfd b ~db `yepep }fjwe`b* `bu ~d

}ynpegndwn* fwyf }ynpegndwn wfl p~ np}b`ef$ Dfpfwyfp df r~nynlfp npn `b}ewbj r~nr~enyb xndey b ~p~hy~`w~by Xndns~njb u b pbjeypn nd `~bjr~eny lflndwf$ R~nynlfp

ynojbp `jbybp ynp}n`wf bj `b}ewbj r~n }~ngn xndey ab`eb dfpfwyfp$ Wbj xns* lep r~nyegfp

bleofp* gniblfp gn`ey r~n npwb gn`jbybwfyeb gn nlnyond`eb r~n xblfp bp~ley afu nd

Xndns~njb* wendn r~n pny ~d ncnl}jf }byb nj l~dgf* }fyr~n np r~n nj l~dgf npw nd

nlnyond`eb* np r~n jb pew~b`ed r~n xexn nj N`~bgfy* }fy ncnl}jf* gfdgn npw~xn ab`n

f`af lnpnp* gfdgn df }~ngnd ynweyby de ~d `ndwbxf gn jfp ibd`fp$ Df np npb ~db

pew~b`ed gn nlnyond`eb$ Df abu ~db nlnyond`eb }fjwe`b* n`fdle`b nd @fjflieb;

df abu ~db nlnyond`eb np}bdwfpb nd nj ]ny * gn wfgf fygnd; ed`j~pf npwb pew~b`ed

gnj dnfjeinybjeplf r~n pn el}jbdw nd nj l~dgf ab }yfxf`bgf `yepep u }yfxf`b `yepep

b~d nd }bpnp r~n wndbd `enywb npwbiejegbg$ Gn an`af Eodb`ef Yblfdnw* nd jb ynxepwb

Jn Lfdgn Ge}jflbwer~n* gn`b bjof `flf npwf3 Jb `fdpn`~nd`eb np fixeb* pn ynhenynbj dnfjeinybjeplf* ~db }yfh~dgesb`ed gn jb gnpeo~bjgbg$

Nd Npwbgfp ^degfp* nj }bp lp ye`f gnj l~dgf* abu lp gn 8= lejjfdnp gn

}fiynp$ Nd nj pndf gn jb ^ded N~yf}nb* jb }yelnyb }fwnd`eb `flny`ebj* abu lp gn >=lejjfdnp gn }fiynp$ Nd Npwbgfp ^degfp* ~df }fy `endwf gn jb }fijb`ed }fpnn nj 05. gn

jb yer~nsb gnj }bp; bj nqbledby jb pew~b`ed b dexnj l~dgebj* pn fipnyxb r~n jb hfyw~db

gn jbp 0>1 }nypfdbp lp ye`bp* `fd hfyw~dbp p~}nyefynp b jfp lej lejjfdnp gn gjbynp* np

p~}nyefy bj edoynpf bd~bj gn 7>. gn jfp abiewbdwnp gn jb a~lbdegbg* np gn`ey* 9$8==lejjfdnp gn }nypfdbp r~n xexnd nd pew~b`ed gn }fiynsb$

Nd npn pndwegf* npwfu bipfj~wblndwn `fdxnd`egf r~n nj }yf`npf xndnsfjbdf r~n

npw pendgf np`y~wbgf }fy wfgfp jfp afliynp u jfp }~nijfp gnj l~dgf* wendn r~n pny ~dncnl}jf }byb r~n pnb nj l~dgf gn`jbybgf nd nlnyond`eb u wbj xns npn l~dgf u wbj xns

dfpfwyfp `flf yn} ije`b* `flf xndnsfjbdfp* }fgblfp yn`fygby b Wnynpb gn Cnpp*

}fnwepb* `~bdgf npwbib nd jb hyfdwnyb ndwyn jb xegb u jb l~nywn* bp}eybdgf ~db pf`engbg

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lncfy* `lf df yn`fygby br~njjb nq}ynped gn Wnynpb gn xejb `~bdgf gn`b3 Xexf ped

xexey nd l u wbd bjwb xegb np}nyf r~n l~nyf }fyr~n df l~nyf$

Oyb`ebp* pnfy ]ynpegndwn$ Oyb`ebp* bleofp @fdpwew~undwnp$ !B}jb~pfp%$

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Wendn jb }bjbiyb !Nj @fdpwew~undwn% Epbbp Yfgyo~ns$

@FDPWEW^UNDWN YFGYO^NS !EPBBP%$ !Gnpgn jb Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp%$ Pnfy

]ynpegndwn* pnfynp @fdpwew~undwnp3 Df np jb nlnyond`eb gnj Ww~jf EQ gn jb

@fdpwew~`ed gnj 82 jb r~n pn npw edxf`bdgf }byb npwn gn`ynwf gn jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj

@fdpwew~undwn$ Df pfd dedo~df gn npwfp `ed`f byw`~jfp r~n `fl}fdnd npwn ww~jf gn jb

@fdpwew~`ed gnj 82 jfp r~n pn npwd edxf`bdgf }byb npwb gn`jbybwfyeb gn nlnyond`eb$Npfp byw`~jfp pn ynhenynd b ~db `fl}nwnd`eb np}n`ebj gnj ]fgny `fdpwew~egf*

np}n`he`blndwn pn ynhenyn b ~d b`wf gn ofienydf gnj ]ynpegndwn gn jb Yn}ije`b* p~cnwf

bj `fdwyfj gnj ]fgny Jnoepjbwexf n ed`j~pf }~gendgf `fdjjnxby `~bdgf pn ge`wb npb

nlnyond`eb* ~db p~p}ndped gn obybdwbp$ Npn df np nqb`wblndwn nj `bpf r~n dfpfwyfpnpwblfp }jbdwnbdgf nd npwn gn`ynwf$ Npwn gn`ynwf np ~d b`wf `fdpwew~`efdbj* np ~d b`wf

`fdpwew~`efdbj gn npwb Bpblijnb* r~n wendn ynbjlndwn* gnp}~p gn abinypn `fdpwew~egf u

wndny nj ]fgny fyeoedbyef r~n jn xendn gn jb h~ndwn fyeoedbyeb gnj }fgny* `by`wny

bipfj~wblndwn `fdpwew~`efdbj* }bybjnjf b jb @fdpwew~`ed gnj 82 u }fy nd`elb gn jb@fdpwew~`ed gnj 82* nd wfgf br~njjf r~n npwb @fdpwew~`ed `fdwybyn jbp gn`epefdnp gn

npwb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$

Gninlfp `fd`j~ey nd }yed`e}ef* r~n npwn b`wf `fdpwew~`efdbj df }~ngn ndwndgnypnd~d`b `flf p~i `fdpwew~`efdbj$ Npb }fwnpwbg b jb `~bj npwfu ab`endgf ynhnynd`eb* jn

xendn gnj Ynhnydg~l gnj 9> gn biyej gn 2555* gn ~db ibpn r~n h~n pflnwegb bYnhnydg~l u r~n h~n b}yfibgb nd npn Ynhnydg~l u r~n pn npwbijn`n bj `flendsf gn

npwn Gn`ynwf* `flf jb h~dgb`ed npnd`ebj }byb wflby npwb gn`eped$ Npn Ynhnydg~lb~wfyesb `fd npb gep}fpe`ed b npwb Bpblijnb* }byb wybdphfylby bj Npwbgf u `ynby ~d

d~nxf fygndblendwf c~yge`f* r~n }nylewb nj h~d`efdblendwf nhn`wexf gn ~db

gnlf`yb`eb pf`ebj u }bywe`e}bwexb$

Npwb ibpn r~n h~n pflnwegb b Ynhnydg~l u r~n h~n xfwbgb nj 9> gn biyej* df h~n

ficnwbgb }fy dedo~db gn jbp gn`epefdnp gn jb @fywn P~}ynlb gn C~pwe`eb$ Df h~n

ficnwbgb de per~enyb }fy jb pndwnd`eb r~n bjo~dfp abd fhyn`egf `flf p~pwndwb`ed gn jf

r~n njjfp jjblbd ~d ]fgny f ~db Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn gnyexbgb$

]fy fwyb }bywn* jb gn`eped gn jb @fywn gnj 25 gn ndnyf* jb gn`eped bdwnyefy b pwb

`fd jb `~bj bjo~dfp wybwbgepwbp abd pnbjbgf r~n nj `by`wny gn npwb Bpblijnb

@fdpwew~undwn df np fyeoedbyeb* npb gn`eped gnj 25 gn ndnyf npwbijn`e l~u `jbyf r~n nj`by`wny gnj ]fgny `fdpwew~undwn u jb Bpblijnb @fdpwew~undwn np jb nq}ynped gn npn

]fgny `fdpwew~undwn* np ~d ]fgny }ynxef u bdwnyefy b jb @fdpwew~`ed$

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]yn`epblndwn* gn npb h~ndwn fyeoedbyeb gnj ]fgny r~n h~n xfwbgf nd nj

Ynhnydg~l edwny}ynwbgf `fd npwbp gn`epefdnp l~`af bdwnp gn r~n nj Ynhnydg~l pnae`enyb* gnxendn npb }fwnpwbg r~n wendn npwb Bpblijnb }byb ge`wby b`wfp `fdpwew~`efdbjnp

`flf npwb gn`jbybwfyeb gn nlnyond`eb r~n pn npw pflnwendgf b `fdpegnyb`ed gn npwb

Bpblijnb nd npwn gnibwn$

Npwb gn`jbybwfyeb gn nlnyond`eb }fy jf gnlp* df `fdwybge`n jb yno~jb`ed gn jb

Fyobdesb`ed gn jfp Npwbgfp Blnye`bdfp de nj ]b`wf gn Pbd Cfp gn @fpwb Ye`b$ Npn

]b`wf dfp fijeobyb b dfpfwyfp b edhfylby b jfp npwbgfp lenliyfp* }fy lngef gn ~d

pn`ynwbyef ondnybj* pfjblndwn `~bdgf pn p~p}ndgbd jbp obybdwbp nd nj }bp$ Nd npwbgn`eped r~n npwblfp pflnwendgf b npwn gnibwn* df npw }jbdwnbgb jb p~p}ndped gn jbp

obybdwbp* u* }fy jf wbdwf* df abu dedo~db dn`npegbg gn }yf`ngny b dfwehe by gn

`fdhfylegbg `fd nj ]b`wf gn Pbd Cfp b jb Fyobdesb`ed gn Npwbgfp Blnye`bdfp$

Bafyb* npwf np ~d }yf`ngelendwf r~n npwblfp pflnwendgf b npwn gnibwn* r~n

wendn h~dgblndwbjlndwn `flf ficnwf ab`ny ~d }yfd~d`eblendwf hfylbj$ Jb gf`wfybAejgnoby Yfdgd gn Pbdp* bj wybwby gn `fd`n}w~bjesby jbp gn`jbybwfyebp gn nlnyond`eb*

jf }~dw~bjes l~u iend nd ~db `fdhnynd`eb r~n }fpwnyefylndwn peyxe }byb ab`ny ~dwybibcf pfiyn jb nlnyond`eb* nd ~db `fdhnynd`eb r~n gef nd nj Npwbgf Bybo~b* edxewbgb*

}yn`epblndwn* }fy ~db b`wexegbg r~n dfpfwyfp }yflfxelfp$

Bjj pn }jbdwnb jb gn jbybwfyeb gn nlnyond`eb `flf ~d }yfd~d`eblendwf

hfylbj r~n np npwf r~n npwblfp ab`endgf* r~n yn`fdf`n u fhe`ebjesb jb nqepwnd`eb gn

`ey`~dpwbd`ebp r~n bhn`wbd f }~ngn bhn`wby nj dfylbj gnpbyyfjjf gn jb xegb

edpwew~`efdbj$ U np npf ynbjlndwn jf r~n npwblfp }jbdwnbdgf `flf }yfd~d`eblendwf

h~dgblndwbj nd npwb }yf}~npwb r~n ab pegf pflnwegb b jb `fdpegnyb`ed gn jbBpblijnb$

@fl}bywf jb wnpep gn r~n jb nlnyond`eb gnin pny gn`jbybgb nd wfgf nj wnyyewfyef

db`efdbj* nd wfgf nj wnyyewfyef gn jb Yn} ije`b u df `flf ge`n nj Gn`ynwf* pfiyn njwnyyewfyef gn jb Yn}ije`b$ ]nyf p pendwf* u gn }yfdwf }~genyb pny npf ~db gnhe`end`eb gnj

Gn`ynwf u r~enyf pflnwnyjf b jb ynhjnqed gn jb Bpblijnb* r~n nj liewf gn `fl}nwnd`eb

df }~ngn pny pfjblndwn ab`eb jfp ]fgnynp } ije`fp$ ]fyr~n pe jf pflnwnlfp

pel}jnlndwn b jb `fl}nwnd`eb pfiyn jfp ]fgnynp }ije`fp* }~genybd r~ngby h~nyb gnnpwb nlnyond`eb gn`epefdnp r~n pfd ynbjlndwn el}fywbdwnp u r~n gninlfp bifygby

}fyr~n hfylbd }bywn gn jb nlnyond`eb db`efdbj$

Pe jf pflnwnlfp pel}jnlndwn b jb `fl}nwnd`eb r~n npw bwyei~egb nd nj Gn`ynwfgn lbdnyb np}n he`b* Gn r~ lbdnyb }~geyblfp bifygby bdwn jb Bpblijnb jb

pfje`ew~g r~n dfp ab an`af nj @fjnoef gn Edondenyfp* nj @fjnoef gn Lge`fp* nj @fjnoef

gn Bifobgfp* }byb wybwby gn ab`ny ~d }yfd~d`eblendwf pfiyn jb }bybjesb`ed gn jfp

}yf`npfp njn`wfybjnp gn npfp oynlefp6 Ndwndgnyblfp r~n `flf wendnd ~d npwbw~wf gn

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gnyn`af } ije`f* pfd wblied yobdfp gnj ]fgny } ije`f6 ]nyf wblied dfp

`fjf`byblfp nd ~db pew~b`ed pelejby u wndnlfp r~n wflby ~db gn`eped pfiyn jbpnjn``efdnp pedge`bjnp r~n npw bgnjbdwbdgf jb @fdhngnyb`ed gn Wybibcbgfynp gn

Xndns~njb$ Npbp njn``efdnp npwd pflnwegbp* ndwyn fwybp `fpbp* b ~d `fdxndef pfiyn

jeinywbg pedge`bj gndfledbgf @fdxndef D 1? gn jb Fyobdesb`ed Edwnydb`efdbj gn

Wybibcf$

Nd npn `bpf* Pe dfp b~wf jelewblfp* pe yng~`elfp nj liewf gn `fl}nwnd`eb gnj

Gn`ynwf b jfp }fgnynp }ije`fp* wblied }~geyblfp ndwyby b `fdpegnyby ~db pew~b`ed

gn npwb dbw~ybjnsb6

R~enyf gncby npwb ynhjnqed }byb r~endnp `fdwedbd nd nj ~pf gn jb }bjbiyb

r~endnp }~ngnd ab`ny bjo~dbp `fdpegnyb`efdnp pfiyn npwn }~dwf$

Nd wfgf `bpf* }endpf r~n nj liewf gn `fl}nwnd`eb gnin ey lp bjj gn jf r~n

npw npwbijn`egf nd nj gn`ynwf$

Jb edwnd`ed gnj Gn`ynwf* u `fd npwf abof bjod pnbjblendwf r~n h~n yn`foegfl~u iend }fy ~db }yf}~npwb gnj !@fdpwew~undwn% gf`wfy Xbjjndejjb* bj nq}ynpby r~n nj

`npn gn jb pew~b`ed r~n jb lfwexb* r~nyb ynhnyeypn bj lflndwf nd r~n `npn jb pew~b`ed

r~n ab jjnxbgf b npwb Bpblijnb b wflby jb gn`eped$ Df pn ynhnyb b jfp lfwexfp gn jb

nlnyond`eb nd p leplb$ Np gn`ey* df abpwb r~n `npn jb nlnyond`eb* pedf abpwb r~n `npndjbp ybsfdnp r~n jjnxbd b npb Bpblijnb b wflby jb gn`eped$

U jb yn`foe l~u iend nd p~ }yf}~npwb nj !@fdpwew~undwn% gf`wfy Xbjjndejjb* bj

}yf}fdny r~n npb `npb`ed* npw jelewbgb abpwb nj lflndwf nd r~n jbp edpwew~`efdnpr~ngnd npwbijn`egbp gnhedewexblndwn }fy jbp gn`epefdnp gn npwb Bpblijnb u pn `~l}jb

nj }yf`npf gn wybdphfylb`ed db`efdbj$

@ynf r~n npwb }yf}~npwb gnj !@fdpwew~undwn% gf`wfy Xbjjndejjb yn`fonh~dgblndwbjlndwn `~j h~n jb edwnd`ed gnj gn`ynwf* u nxewby jb `fdh~ped r~n }~gf

abinypn fyeoedbgf `fd jb yngb``ed r~n pn `fyyeon$ L~`apelbp oyb`ebp$ !B}jb~pfp%

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Wendn jb }bjbiyb nj @fdpwew~undwn Wbynk _ejjebl$

@FDPWEW^UNDWN PBBI !WBYNK _EJJEBL%$ !Gnpgn jb wyei~db gn fybgfynp%$@e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn* `fjnobp @fdpwew~undwnp$ B xn`np* npwbdgf bjj bibcf

`fl}bywendgf* ~df nl}ensb b yn`fygby `flf nd npbp }nj`~jbp r~n ~df ab xepwf* p~p

elondnp pn hecbd eyyn}nweijnp* jb ybsd }fy jb `~bj jb oybd lbufyb gn dfpfwyfp npwblfp

b`$

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]endpf r~n `bgb ~df wendn ~db aepwfyeb }bywe`~jby u ~db iefoybhb }nypfdbj r~n

c~pwehe`b jb ybsd gn pny gn `bgb ~df gn dfpfwyfp dbgb lp u dbgb lndfp* r~n pny

gnjnobwbyefp wnl}fybjnp gnj ]fgny @fdpwew~undwn Fyeoedbyef$ ]byn`enyb* b xn`np* r~n

pn fjxegb npb }nr~nb df`ed$ U }byn`enyb* eo~bjlndwn* r~n bjo~dfp `fjnobp pendwnd r~n

npwn np ~d bdnqf* ~d np}b`ef* ~db gn}ndgnd`eb gnj lfyei~dgf @fdoynpf gn jb

Yn}ije`b r~n afu* ed`j~pf* `fd npwb }yf}~npwb gn gn`jbyb`ed gn nlnyond`eb* dfpfwyfpxblfp b ynxepby$

U jf geof }byb r~n df abub nr~xf`fp* }byb r~n df abub g~gbp* }byb r~n dfabub j~oby b `fdwybge``efdnp `~bdgf npwb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn wfln nd

~pf gn jbp bwyei~`efdnp r~n jn gb nj Ynojblndwf f nj Npwbw~wf gn H~d`efdblendwf nd p~

byw`~jf D 2* jbp gn`epefdnp pfinybdbp r~n df xbd b wndny dedo~db b}njb`ed nd

dedod wyei~dbj* nd dedo~db `fywn* pedf nd npn wyei~dbj gnj ]~nijf* nj leplf ]~nijf

r~n afu dfp ab `fjf`bgf nd npwfp bpendwfp$

Nd ybsd gn njjf* }byn`enyb ~db ynwye`b xfjxny b yn}nwey nd npwfp gep`~ypfp* nj`by`wny fyeoedbyef gn jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$ ]byn`enyb r~n lp

}ndpyblfp nd nj r~ geyd* nd nj r~ gey br~j* f br~njjb u df }ndpby nd r~ geyd

d~npwyfp njn`wfynp* nd r~ geyd jfp lyweynp gn npwn }yf`npf ynxfj~`efdbyef* nd r~

geyd wbdwfp pfiynxexendwnp gn p~nfp r~n hecbyfd nd dfpfwyfp ~db `fdhebdsb u ~dlbdgbwf* df fwyf r~n ab`ny gn npwb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn fyeoedbyeb* jb

ybsd ynxfj~`efdbyeb gn npwn }yf`npf gn wybdphfylb`ed r~n afu ede`eb Xndns~njb$

]fy npf `ynf r~n gn wfgfp jfp gnibwnp wbj xns nj lp wybp`ndgndwn abpwb bafyb* npnj gnj gb gn afu$ Gep`~wey dbgb lp u dbgb lndfp ~d gn`ynwf r~n jn gb ncn`~`ed

edlngebwb u }yelbyeb b npn byw`~jf D 2* gnj Ynojblndwf* r~n `bgb ~df gn dfpfwyfp* ndp~ oybd lbufyb* p~p`yeie yn`endwnlndwn$

]fy npf np i~ndf yn`fygby nj `fdwnqwf gn npwn gnibwn$ Dbgb lp u

dbgb lndfp* anlfp abijbgf gn ~db nlnyond`eb db`efdbj* gn ~d `fjb}pf

edpwew~`efdbj df }yfg~`egf }fy ~dfp lnpnp* de }fy ~dfp bfp* pedf }fy jb

}yfoynpexb n edlngebwb u `fdpn`~wexb gnpjnoewelb`ed gn ~dbp

edpwew~`efdnp r~n db`enyfd anyegbp gn l~nywn nj gb nd r~n pn heyl

`bp~bjlndwn npb @fdpwew~`ed gnj 82* u r~n ~pwngnp pbind r~n

heyldgfpn nd npwn ]bjb`ef* nj leplf gb* nj cnhn gnj Npwbgf Yl~jfInwbd`f~yw p~p}ndgb jbp obybdwbp `fdpwew~`efdbjnp aeyedgfjb gn

l~nywn$

Df xndelfp* ndwfd`np* dfpfwyfp* u r~enyf r~n npf r~ngn `jbyf* b yn}nwey xencfpnyyfynp$ Nd ybsd gn njjf u r~n br~ pn ab abijbgf gn gnyn`afp a~lbdfp* r~epenyb

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wnqw~bjlndwn jnnyjnp gfp `fdpegnybdgfp gnj }ynli~jf gn jb gn`jbyb`ed ~dexnypbj gn

jfp gnyn`afp a~lbdfp$

Nj pno~dgf ge`n* R~n nj gnp`fdf`elendwf u nj lndfp}yn`ef gn jfp gnyn`afp

a~lbdfp abd fyeoedbgf b`wfp gn ibyibyen ~jwybcbdwnp }byb jb `fd`end`eb gn jb

A~lbdegbg* u r~n pn ab }yf`jblbgf `flf jb bp}eyb`ed lp njnxbgb gnj afliyn njbgxndelendwf gn ~d l~dgf nd r~n jfp pnynp a~lbdfp jeinybgfp gnj wnlfy u gn jb

lepnyeb* gephy~wnd gn jb jeinywbg gn }bjbiyb u gn jb jeinywbg gn `fd`end`eb$

Bp leplf ge`n r~n np npnd`ebj r~n jfp gnyn`afp a~lbdfp pnbd }yfwnoegfp }fy~d yoelnd gn gnyn`af* b hed gn r~n nj afliyn df pn xnb `fl}njegf bj p~}ynlf yn`~ypf

gn jb yninjed `fdwyb jb weybdb u jb f}ynped$

Jb gn`jbybwfyeb gn nlnyond`eb np ~d b`wf pfinybdf gn npwb Bpblijnb* r~n wendnr~n xny `flf ~db ynp}~npwb edlngebwb gn ~d }~nijf r~n p pn ab yninjbgf* l~`apelbp

xn`np u h~n gnibwn nd npwb pbjb* }fyr~n dbgen ab jjnobgf br~ }fy ~d lnyf b`wfnjn`wfybj$ Dfpfwyfp pflfp jb `fdpn`~nd`eb gn ~d }yf`npf gn yninjed }yfoynpexb r~n ab wndegf

bdwn`ngndwnp* ed`j~pf xefjndwfp* nd npwn }yf`npf$ ]fy jf wbdwf* gn`ey afu b` r~n npwblfp bdwn

nj gn`ynwf gn ~d npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb* `flf jf nq}je`bib d~npwyf !@fdpwew~undwn%

lbnpwyf Anylbdd Np`byy* np `fdh~dgey jfp wyledfp* geyb* r~n gn ~db lbdnyb

edg~`egb$ Br~ dbgen ab ge`af r~n xblfp b gn`jbyby ~d npwbgf gn nlnyond`eb*br~ pn

npw abijbdgf gn gn`jbyby jb nlnyond`eb db`efdbj }byb ey lp bjj gn ~d pel}jn b`wf

gn yngb``ed gn byw`~jfp `fdpwew~`efdbjnp u ab`ny ynbjegbg npb f}nyb`ed `fdpwew~undwngn jb `~bj pflfp afu `bgb ~df gn dfpfwyfp wyei~wbyefp$

]fy njjf df r~nynlfp gncby gn ynhnyeydfp b gfp `fpbp3 Pno~ey dfpfwyfp b` gbdgf~db pnbj gn ~d gnibwn r~n pn xb b p~ip~ley nq`j~pexblndwn nd ~dbp `flepefdnp gnwybibcf* r~n pfd nq`njndwnp }byb nj ~pf gn jb anylnd~we`b c~yge`b u }byb jb yngb``ed

gn npb d~nxb @bywb Lbodb r~n `fdpboyn d~nxfp gnyn`afp* np ~db b``ed b lngeb

lr~edb gn npwn }yf`npf$ Anlfp ge`af r~n gn lbdnyb }bybjnjb b jb yngb``ed gn jb

d~nxb @bywb Lbodb* dfpfwyfp `flf gnjnobwfyefp wnl}fybjnp gn npn ]fgny `fdpwew~undwnfyeoedbyef* xblfp b wflby bjo~dbp b``efdnp* u jb }yelnyb gn njjbp* nd jb ncn`~`ed gn npb

gn`jbyb`ed gn nlnyond`eb db efdbj* wndgy l~`af r~n xny `fd wf`by b }fgnynp

`fdpwew~egfp r~n afu npwd wfwbjlndwn gnpjnoewelbgfp u gnpb`yngewbgfp bdwn jb

f}eded }ije`b$

]fy njjf r~epenyb* `flf ~db }yf}~npwb bj gn`ynwf r~n br~ h~n }ynpndwbgf*

boynoby bjo~dbp `fpbp3 R~n nj @fdpegnybdgf D 7 geob jf peo~endwn3 R~n nj

bofwblendwf* `fjb}pf u }ygegb gn jnoewelegbg gn jbp edpwew~`efdnp gnj Npwbgf

`fdpwew~egf* }yfg~ wf gn jb `fyy~}`ed* nj gnp}ejhbyyf* nj lbdncf `jendwnjby u jb

gnpxeb`ed gn hfdgfp }nywndn`endwnp b jb Db`ed* ndwyn fwyfp* df }nylewn ynpfjxny jb

}yfh~dgb `yepep r~n dfp ndx~njxn u jelewbd nj gnpbyyfjjf gn d~npwyb pf`engbg$

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Lep gfp }yf}~npwbp nd ynjb`ed b jb gn`jbybwfyeb gn nlnyond`eb* nd ynjb`ed bjbyw`~jf 2 u bj byw`~jf 9$

Nj byw`~jf 2* jb }yf}~npwb r~n geob jf peo~endwn3

Pn gn jbyb jb nlnyond`eb db efdbj* ba b`fonlfp jbp fipnyxb`efdnp gnj

!@fdpwew~undwn% gf`wfy Iynny* nd wfgf nj wnyyewfyef gn jb Yn} ije`b u jbp

edpwew~`efdnp gnj ]fgny `fdpwew~egf$$$ R~nynlfp ey lp bjj gn jbp edpwew~`efdnp

}ije`bp r~n `fyynp}fdgnd bj Npwbgf$ ]fy ncnl}jf* jb @WX r~n wfgfp pbinlfp nj oybgfgn gnp`ygewf r~n wendn* gnin r~n pny wf`bgb }fy npwb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj

@fdpwew~undwn$

B }bywey gn jb }~ije`b`ed gnj }ynpndwn gn`ynwf u abpwb r~n `npn jb pew~b`ed r~njb lfwexb$

Nj byw`~jf 9* `fd npwb yngb``ed3 Jb Bpblijnb Db efdbj @fdpwew~undwn wflby*

ncn`~wby u fygndby jbp lngegbp r~n pfiyn jbp `fl}nwnd ebp* h~d`efdblendwf ufyobdesb`ed gn jfp ]fgnynp }ije`fp gnj Npwbgf u `fd h~dgblndwf `fd nj byw`~jf 2 gnj

Npwbw~wf gn jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn pnbd dn`npbyebp n edgep}ndpbijnp }byb

p~}nyby jb pew~b`ed gn nlnyond`eb r~n xexn jb Db`ed u `ynby jbp `fdge`efdnp }byb nj

p~yoelendwf gn ~d d~nxf npwbgf gn c~pwe`eb r~n ab gn `fdpwew~eypn$

R~nyegfp @fdpwew~undwnp* }endpf r~n pno~ey gnibwendgf nd ynjb`ed b ~d an`af*

b ~d lbdgbwf `jbyf* gbgf nj gb 9> gn c~jef }fy lejjfdnp gn xndnsfjbdfp* }~ngn pny

edwnynpbdwn }byb r~n r~ngnd nd jbp b`wbp* }byb r~n r~ngnd nd jb aepwfyeb* }byb r~nr~ngnd nd jbp led~wbp* }nyf lp bjj gn njjf abu ~d }~nijf r~n wendn nq}n`wbwexbp u

wendn np}nybdsbp `enywbp gn r~n `bgb ~df gn dfpfwyfp anlfp pegf obdbgfp b ~db

ibwbjjb `jbyb r~n* `flf nj }fnwb O~pwbxf ]nyneyb dfp gn`b nd ~dfp gn p~p xnypfp3

Wendn ~d gnpwedf edlngebwf* nj gn xexey `fdwyb lfyey$ L~`apelbp oyb`ebp$

!B}jb~pfp%$

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Wendn jb }bjbiyb nj @fdpwew~undwn Hyfejd Ibyyefp$

@FDPWEW^UNDWN IBYYEFP !HYFEJD%$@e~gbgbdf ]ynpegndwn gn jb Bpblijnb

Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn u gnlp lenliyfp gn jb C~dwb Geyn`wexb gn npwb BpblijnbDb`efdbj* `fjnobp @fdpwew~undwnp$ Wbj `flf pn ab }jbdwnbgf abpwb bafyb* nj gnibwn dfp

edge`b r~n npwn np nj }~dwf lp el}fywbdwn r~n anlfp xexegf dfpfwyfp g~ybdwn npwb

pnlbdb r~n anlfp gnibwegf pfiyn jb gelndped* jbp `fl}nwnd`ebp gn jb Bpblijnb

Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$ ]nyf gcndln `fdhnpbyjn ~d wnlfy r~n ln ab yn`fyyegf

g~ybdwn wfgfp npwfp gbp u pfiyn wfgf nd nj gb gn afu* u np nj r~n wnylednlfp jfp

wynp lnpnp* jfp `~bwyf lnpnp gn jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn ybwehe`bdgf r~n

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np fyeoedbyeb* ~d }f`f `flf }byb pndweydfp dfpfwyfp jeiynp gn `~j}b }nyf bj hedbj df

wndoblfp dedo~db b}je`b`ed `fd`ynwb$

Wbj xns `flf npbp }nypfdbp r~n el}yn`bd bj Bjwpelf* `flf ~d inbwf* r~n

ynbheylb p~ `fdge`ed gn fyeoedbyef* }nyf nd `fd`yn`ed df npwbijn`n dedo~db pbjegb b jb

}yf}eb pew~b`ed r~n npw xexendgf nj ]~nijf xndnsfjbdf$

]endpf r~n wfgb npb j~`ab r~n anlfp wndegf dfpfwyfp g~ybdwn wfgfp npwfp bfp

r~n dfp ab jjnxbgf u wybgf abpwb br~* `flf gn`b nj r~n ln bdwn`nge nd jb }bjbiyb*gnwnyledb r~n np nj lflndwf gnj xd`~jf u ynjb`ed ndwyn jb wnfyb u jb }y`we`b* ndwyn jb

}yf}~npwb r~n anlfp wndegf u jb }fpeiejegbg f jb dn`npegbg gn bxbdsby nd jfp

}yfh~dgfp `bliefp r~n wndnlfp dfpfwyfp }fy gnjbdwn$ Np gn`ey* r~n }byb nj ]~nijf

xndnsfjbdf nj gnibwn gn jb gelndped u nj el}b`wf gn jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj@fdpwew~undwn nd jb pf`engbg xndnsfjbdb jf xb b gnwnyledby npwf r~n npwblfp

gep`~wendgf afu `flf gn`ynwf gn jb nlnyond`eb db`efdbj$

Xfu b ynp}nwby l~`af b jfp `fjnobp c~yepwbp* df pfu c~yepwb* le np}n`ebjegbg npfwyb$ Df pn p np gn npwbgf gn nlnyond eb f np gn nlnyond`eb db`efdbj* leynd*

`fl}bnyfp* nj ]~nijf df xb b ndwndgny dbgb npwn gnibwn$ Nj ]~nijf jf r~n ynr~enyn np

~db nlnyond`eb gn xnygbg* xnygbg$ Gn r~n npwn fyobdeplfp pn gn`jbyn u ge`wn jbp

lngegbp r~n pfd dn`npbyebp }byb r~n nj ]~nijf p~}nyn jb pew~b`ed* df pfjblndwn nd njlby`f gn jb Bpblijnb @fdpwew~undwn* pedf nd jfp }yqelfp bfp* pe df dfp gnge`blfp

~d }f`f b jf r~n ab pegf nj gnibwn* pfjblndwn b yngb`wby jb @fdpwew~`ed r~n np ~d }f`f

jf r~n nj }fgny `fdpwew~egf u wfgb ~db pnyen gn }ynpefdnp anlfp wndegf g~ybdwn wfgfp

npwfp lnpnp gn gnibwn$

]endpf r~n npwbdgf gn b`~nygf `fd jfp `fdpegnybdgfp r~n npwd npwbijn`egfp bjj

u hnje`ewf bj nr~e}f yngb`wfy r~n }yf}fdn jfp `fdpegnybdgfp* }fy fwyb }bywn }endpf r~n

df abu ~db ynjb`ed npwye`wb `fd jfp byw`~jfp r~n npwd }fpwnyefylndwn npwbijn`egfp bjj*np gn`ey* jfp `fdpegnybdgfp yn`fond jb oybxngbg gn jb pew~b`ed xndnsfjbdb* }nyf jfp

byw`~jfp r~n npwd j~nof* pe iend np `enywf nj byw`~jf 9 npwbijn`n jbp lngegbp r~n

bhn`wbyd b jfp ]fgnynp }ije`fp* u npwfu `fl}jnwblndwn gn b`~nygf nd njjf* }fyr~n npf

gn`ynwb nj el}b`wf r~n wendn pfiyn nj ]fgny }ije`f r~n xb gnpgn nqeoey jb }fwnpwbg* unp el}fywbdwn bd`jbyjf* jb }fwnpwbg r~n wendn npwb Bpblijnb gn nqeoeyjn wbdwf b

ofinydbgfynp `flf b bj`bjgnp r~n }fdobd b gep}fpe`ed p~p `byofp bdwn jb Bpblijnb

Db efdbj @fdpwew~undwn* `flf jf abd an`af bepjbgblndwn bjo~dfp gn njjfp; }nyf*nxegndwnlndwn* `~bdgf xblfp b jb gn`jbyb`ed gn nlnyond`eb u r~n wendn r~n xny `fdwfgfp npfp gbwfp r~n dfp iyedg nj `fl}bnyf !@fdpwew~undwn% Hynggu O~weyyns* r~n

df xfu b yn}nwey u r~n }yn`epbd jb oybxngbg gn jb pew~b`ed gnj ]~nijf xndnsfjbdf* df

wndnlfp dedod byw`~jf r~n ynhjncn nj oybgf gn nlnyond eb r~n npwb Bpblijnb

Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn gnin bp~ley$

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Nd wbj pndwegf* xfu b }yf}fdny ~d byw`~jf bge`efdbj r~n wndob r~n xny `fd nj

`fdpegnybdgf r~n npw npwbijn`egf gfdgn ge`n r~n Xndns~njb pn nd`~ndwyb edlnypb

nd ~db `yepep pf`ebj u n`fdle`b r~n yn}ny`~wn dnobwexblndwn pfiyn jb `bjegbg gn

xegb gn jfp xndnsfjbdfp* nq}ynpbgbp nd nj nl}fiyn`elendwf gn ~d bl}jef pn`wfy gn

jb }fijb`ed$

]yf}fdgyb ~d byw`~jf r~n geyb bp3 Jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwngn`ynwby jbp lngegbp dn`npbyebp r~n pn fyendwnd b ynpwbijn`ny nj lny`bgf gn wybibcf* jb

ynb`wexb`ed gn jb n`fdflb u ~db `bjegbg gn xegb r~n }nylewb p~}nyby jb pew~b`ed gn

nl}fiyn`elendwf ondnybjesbgf gn jb }fijb`ed xndnsfjbdb$ Npf }nyleweyb r~n jb

Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn }~genyb nd nj }yqelf wenl}f* nd jfp }yqelfp gbpbifygby* @fdc~dwblndwn `fd r~ed6 }fyr~n anlfp abijbgf gn wfgfp jfp ]fgnynp

`fdpwew~egfp; }yn`epblndwn `fd r~ed gnj ]fgny `fdpwew~egf u r~n ab }bpbgf b pny }bywn

gnj ]fgny `fdpwew~undwn3 nj ]ynpegndwn gn jb Yn}ije`b* ybwehe`bgf }fy npwb Bpblijnb* ab

el}~jpbgf wfgbp ~dbp }fjwe`bp r~n pn ab }yf}~npwbp !6%* wfgbp ~dbp }fjwe`bp gn

nl}jnf r~n xbd fyendwbgfp b npbp }yf}~npwbp r~n npwblfp ab`endgf$

Bafyb iend* df pn wybwb pfjblndwn gn lnd`efdby nj njnlndwf r~n wndob r~n xny

`fd nj ]fgny `fdpwew~egf$ @ynf r~n `fd jb yndfxb`ed gn jfp ]fgnynp } ije`fp r~n

npwbijn`b !Nj @fdpwew~undwn% _ejjebl !Wbynk Pbbi% nd p~ edwnyxnd`ed bdwnyefy$ ]endpfr~n wndnlfp r~n ey }yfh~dgblndwn b wfgb jb ynxeped* u nd nj byw`~jf 2* gfdgn pn

gn`jbyb jb nlnyond`eb db`efdbj nd wfgb jb pf`engbg xndnsfjbdb nd nj lby`f gnj

wnyyewfyef gn jb Yn}ije`b u jfp ]fgnynp }ije`fp gnj Npwbgf* pn gn`jbyb jb nlnyond`eb

db`efdbj nd wfgb jb pf`engbg xndnsfjbdb nd nj lby`f gnj wnyyewfyef gn jb Yn}ije`b u jfp]fgnynp }ije`fp gnj Npwbgf$

Npwf dfp }nyleweyb b dfpfwyfp* }fy p~}~npwf* b }bywey gn npb gn`jbybwfyeb* r~n

wndoblfp jb }fpeiejegbg gn gnwnyledby npb nlnyond`eb oynlebj u npb nlnyond`ebpedge`bj r~n ab npwbgf }jbdwnbgb wblied }fy nj Hyndwn @fdpwew~undwn gn jfp

Wybibcbgfynp `fdc~dwblndwn `fd jbp }yf}~npwbp r~n ab an`af nj @fjnoef gn Lge`fp u

nj @fjnoef gn Edondenyfp nd npwn lflndwf u r~n df pn r~ngn dedod oynlef nd p~

`fdc~dwf ped ab`ny p~ njn``ed geyn`wb$

]endpf* `fl}bnyfp @fdpwew~undwnp* r~n npwblfp bdwn ~db pew~b`ed gn

gnhede`ed u gn wflby lngegbp `fd`ynwbp u gn r~n nd gnhedewexb* ub }byb `fd`j~ey*

dfpfwyfp }bpnlfp* `flf np* `fd npb xencb }yf}~npwb r~n gecnyb npn xencf ynxfj~`efdbyefewbjebdf* Bdwfdef Oyblp`e* nd }jndf gnibwn gnj hbp`eplf ewbjebdf nd jfp bfp 9=* j

}jbdwnbib jb wybdpe`ed gn jb pf`engbg ewbjebdb u gnj bdjepep r~n wndb gnj l~dgf u gnj

}yf`npf aepwye`f r~n npwbib xexendgf* u pn }byn`n l~`af b jb pew~b`ed r~n npwblfp

xexendgf bafyb* f pnb* @~bdgf ~db pf`engbg }yf`ngn b `bliefp `~bdgf xb}yn`epblndwn gnwnyledbdgf jb l~nywn gn wfgf jf xencf u xb biyendgf jbp xbp b jf

d~nxf$

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]endpf r~n npn np nj }b}nj gn jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn$ Np gn`ey*biyey jbp xbp* gnpn`aby jf r~n npw l~yendgf u biyey jbp xbp b jf r~n xendn* bj d~nxf

}yfun`wf gn }bp r~n np d~npwyf `fl}yflepf `fd nj ]~nijf xndnsfjbdf$

L~`abp oyb`ebp$ !B}jb~pfp%$

NJ ]YNPEGNDWN$Jb geyn``ed gn gnibwnp r~enyn ab`ny ~db b`jbybwfyeb* `fd nj

}yf}pewf gn fyendwby ~d }f`f b jfp fybgfynp* u np r~n dbgen ab }~npwf nd

`~npwefdblendwf* bj lndfp nd npwb Bpblijnb* de nj }yelny fybgfy de dedo~df gn jfp r~n

jn abd p~`ngegf jb `fdge`ed fyeoedbyeb gn jb Bpblijnb Db`efdbj @fdpwew~undwn* `flfwbl}f`f dbgen ab }fjnlesbgf `fd jb egnb gn gn`jbyby nj Npwbgf gn Nlnyond`eb$ Jb

gehnynd`eb `fdpepwn nd jb }yf}fpe`ed gnj gf`wfy Iynny @bybp* ynhnyndwn b pe pn nqwendgn

b wfgf nj }bp* u j ab gbgf p~p byo~lndwfp* f pn yng~`n b jfp p~cnwfp gn Gnyn`af

] ije`f pfjblndwn* }byb r~n gn npwb lbdnyb jfp r~n r~enybd abijby jf abobd

`ndwydgfpn nd npwn }~dwf h~dgblndwbj$

Nd pno~dgf j~oby* r~n jfp fybgfynp yn`~nygnd r~n `bgb ~df gn njjfp wendn ~d

le`yhfdf nd p~p ynp}n`wexfp bpendwfp u r~n jb Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp* gnin ~pbypn`~bdgf pn wybwn gn ~d fybgfy r~n r~enyn ab`ny aed`b}e pfiyn ~d bp~dwf gn `enywb

wybp`ndgnd`eb }fyr~n npwn np ~d gnibwn fygedbyef r~n iend }~genyb ynbjesbypn

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gnif b`jbyby* r~n jn r~enyf `fbywby nj gnyn`af b dedo~df gn jfp @fdpwew~undwnp* b }ngey`~bdgf bp jf `fdpegnyn `fdxndendwn* }fy jb wybp`ndgnd`eb gn jf r~n xb b gn`ey* jb

Wyei~db gn Fybgfynp$

Wendn jb }bjbiyb nj !@fdpwew~undwn% gf`wfy Lbd~nj R~ecbgb$

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jb Bpblijnb Db efdbj @fdpwew~und