Apostila de Filosofia - 3ª série - Ensino Médio - 3º Bimestre

7/23/2019 Apostila de Filosofia - 3 srie - Ensino Mdio - 3 Bimestre

1/12

HVAU^CJH NK ICJAUAICH 0 UPCK NA KDUCDA MNCA VPAI$ GAUUCYHJNA MAPHCU

8 PKJCOCAUCNHNK7 dkekuucnhnk b{mhdh km hepknc~hp k `{uehp a ncycdaA eapva eama {mh ~kdnh ~kmvappch adnk bh`c~h h hjmh* x{k vkpmhdkek $

VA NCPCA

A x{k k eama hvhpkek dh ycnh b{mhdh1

Uko{dna a Ncecadpca H{pjca nh jdo{h vap~{o{kuh*pkjcocaucnhnk ~kdndech a{ ncuvauca pkjcocauh$ ^kdndechpkjcocauh {mh cdejcdha a{ ncuvauca vhph {mh nk~kpmcdhnhepkdh$ Vankmau kd~a nkicdcp pkjcocaucnhnk eama7 ncuvauca

b{mhdh vhph epkp km hjoa$H pkjcocaucnhnk u{pok dh ycnh na ukp b{mhda x{hdna kjk ukvkpek`k da m{dna eama mhcu{m ukp km mkca h a{~pauukpku$ X{hdna uk n ead~h nkx{k h dh~{pkh ha uk{ pknap m{c~a `km apohdchnh k hpx{c~k~hnh k x{k a h{~ap nk ~{na cuua u{h yaj~h da vank ukp dkdb{m ukp b{mhda a{ mkuma {m naunkmhcu ukpku dh~{phcu$

H vkpekva nh dh~{pkh "m{dna# eama hjoa kr~kpcap k

cdnkvkdnkd~k nh yad~hnk b{mhdh cd~pan{ h daa nk x{k b vap~pu nk ~{na cuua {m Ukp mhcap k mhcu vkpikc~a x{k ~anau au a{~paux{k eadbkekmau$ Dhuek* huucm* h epkdh d{mh kd~cnhnk ncycdh*d{m Ukp U{vkpcap$

A dejka nh pkjcocaucnhnk ku~ dh epkdh km ncycdnhnku k d{mh a{~ph ycnh hvu h map~k$

0 UHOPHNA7 krvkpcdech nk {mh iaph ua`pk-b{mhdh

Da cmvap~h x{hd~a Nk{u dau nk{$ Cmvap~h ukpycp h kjk eam a x{k ~kmau$VA NCPCA

Uhophna "na jh~cm* uheph~{u#* nk heapna eam Ncecadpca H{pjca* ykdkpykj* ncycda* uhd~a*cdycajykj* v{puucma$

Dhu vhjhyphu nh icjuaih Mhpcjkdh Ebh{* uhophna h krvkpcdech x{k a ukp b{mhda vauu{c nh vpkukdh nk{mh va~dech "iaph a{ vankp# ua`pkdh~{phj x{k bh`c~hhjo{m ukp vjhd~hu* hdcmhcu* ukpku b{mhdau* eacuhu a{ikdmkdau nh dh~{pkh$ Kuuh va~dech "vankp# vank~hd~a vkp~kdekp h {m ukp x{hd~a hjoa x{k kjk vankvauu{cp k vkpnkp$ A uhophna h krvkpcdech ucm`jceh nh

ncikpkdh kd~pk au ukpku* nh u{vkpcapcnhnk nk hjo{duua`pk a{~pau$

A uhophna cd~pan{ {mh p{v~{ph "ukvhpha# kd~pk adh~{phj k a ua`pkdh~{phj$ Au ukpku a{ a`gk~au uhophnau ua na~hnau nk {mh iaph a{ vankp

VPAIa7 MAPHCU

5h UPCK KDUCDA MNCA^KM^CEH7

5a @CMKU^PK


2/12

@JAO ICJAUAICH NCPCH 7b~~v7!!VPAIKMAPHCU$@JAOUVA^$EAM k-mhcj7VPAIKMAPHCUFOMHCJ$EAM 0

ua`pkdh~{phcu vhph pkhjchp hx{cja x{k au ukpku b{mhdau g{johm cmvauuykj pkhjchp ead~hdna hvkdhueam hu iaphu k h ehvhecnhnk b{mhdhu$

A uhophna * vacu* h x{hjcnhnk krekvecadhj x{k {m ukpvauu{c k x{k a ukvhph k ncu~cdo{k nk ~anau au a{~pau * km`aph*km m{c~hu e{j~{phu* ~anau au ukpku vauu{hm hjoa uhophna* ih~a x{kau ncikpkdechm {du nau a{~pau$

A uhophna vank nkuvkp~hp nkyaa k hmap* pkv{juh k nca< k

kuuku ukd~cmkd~au nkuvkp~hm a{~pa7 a pkuvkc~a `hukhna km ~kmap$

5 PKJCOCA7 yde{ja kd~pk a uhophna k a b{mhda

Uk a ead~h~a eam h Epcha g ihw ~a `km* cmhocdk h hmcwhnk eam a Epchnap(VA NCPCA

H pkjcoca u{pok eam a a`gk~cya nk pkuoh~hp* pk{dcicehp au jhau pamvcnau vkjh uhephjcnhnk$ H

pkjcoca `{ueh pkjcohp a m{dna b{mhda "vpaihda# ha m{dna ncycda "uhophna#$H pkjcoca uk pkhjch d{m kuvha nkdamcdhna uhd~{pca

"~kmvj{m#* {m kuvha eaduhophna vap oku~au k vhjhyphu$ Au jhau"hjchdhu# ku~h`kjkecnau dkuuk kuvha n{phm cdnkicdcnhmkd~k kpkvpkukd~hm au jhau ikc~au eam a uhophna h jcoha ikc~h kd~pkbamkdu k Nk{u$

A ~kmvja eama kuvha uhophna ncikpkdech-uk nau nkmhcukuvhau b{mhdau* ~cnau eama m{dnhdau$ Ha uk hnkd~php a uhd~{pcaau ukpku b{mhdau hna~hm a{~ph h~c~{nk* ycu~a x{k ekp~hu h~c~{nkuvph~cehnhu iaph nkuuk kuvha da ua hekc~hu a{ `km ycu~hu vaphx{kjku x{k hjc eadopkohm$ Ha kd~php da ~kmvja au iccu nkykm

hna~hp dayhu vau~{phu kh`hdnadhp hd~cohu h~c~{nku*vacu a ~kmvja "kuvha uhophna# ~a~hjmkd~k ncikpkd~k nakuvha nh ycnh eam{m b{mhdh$

Hu krvjcehku nh pkjcoca "hu dhpph~cyhu ua`pk h epchana m{dna k nau ukpku# da uk ncpcokm mkd~k "ha cd~kjke~a#*mhu ha eapha nau iccu "epkd~ku#$ K vap uk ncpcocpkm haeapha "u vhcrku# h pkjcoca krcok hvkdhu {mh eacuh7 i*x{k eadichdh k hnkua vjkdh ha x{k jbk pkykjhna kmhdciku~hna$

H h~c~{nk i{dnhmkd~hj nhx{kjk x{k ep "~km i# hvcknhnk* a pkuvkc~a k a ukpyca h Nk{u$

Mhdciku~ha k pkykjha ncycdhu

Hu pkjcocku ncycnkm-uk km7 h# pkjcocku nh mhdciku~ha a{ cj{mcdha7 dkjhu hu ncycdnhnkuu{pokm nchd~k nau b{mhdau km `kjkh* kuvjkdnap* vkpikca k vankp k au jkyh h ykp a{~ph pkhjcnhnk*kueadncnh ua` h pkhjcnhnk ea~cnchdh* {mh pkhjcnhnk dh x{hj au kjkmkd~au kdead~phm-uk apohdchnauk ncuvau~au nk a{~ph mhdkcph* ukepk~h k ykpnhnkcph< `# pkjcocku nh pkykjha dhu x{hcu au kd~kuncycdau pkykjhm ykpnhnku hau b{mhdau ukm ih-jau uhcp nk uk{ m{dna$ Kjku vankm ~kp ycuku kuadbau* mhu a i{dnhmkd~hj a{ycp a x{k h ncycdnhnk jbku nc* vacu u{h pkykjha u{h yad~hnk k


3/12


@JAO ICJAUAICH NCPCH 7b~~v7!!VPAIKMAPHCU$@JAOUVA^$EAM k-mhcj7 VPAIKMAPHCUFOMHCJ$EAM 5

kuuh yad~hnk x{k a epkd~k eadich k e{mvpk$

IAD^K7

EBH[* Mhpcjkdh$ Cdcecha Icjauaich$ Ua Vh{ja7 ~ceh* 0686$ yaj$ dcea$ "Upck Kducda Mnca# v$ 056-055$

@P[OOKP* _hj~kp$ Ncecadpca nk Icjauaich$ phn$7 Hd~dca Vcd~a nk Ehpyhjba$ >$ kn$* Ua Vh{ja7 KV[* 832?$

IKPPKCPH* H{pjca @$ nk B$$ Mcdch{pjca7 a ncecadpca nh jdo{h vap~{o{kuh$ 9$ kn$* E{pc~c`h7 Vauc~cya* 066;$

H^CYCNHNK 8

8# A x{k pkjcocaucnhnk10# Vap x{k vank-uk hicpmhp x{k h pkjcocaucnhnk hd~kpcap pkjcoca15# X{hj a vcjhp ekd~phj nk ~anh pkjcoca1

># Vap x{k a uhophna vpayaeh {mh p{v~{ph "ukvhpha# kd~pk a m{dna dh~{phj k a m{dna ncycda1;# Vap x{k h pkjcoca uk ncpcok u kmaku b{mhdhu1


4/12

@JAO ICJAUAICH NCPCH 7b~~v7!!VPAIKMAPHCU$@JAOUVA^$EAM k-mhcj7VPAIKMAPHCUFOMHCJ$EAM >

JKDNA K PKIJK^CDNA H PKHJCNHNK

X{hdna dkm ~anau epkkm na mkuma gkc~aJkamhp Hd~adca @p{u~ajcd

Hu ihmjchu eadycykm* ehnh ykw mhcu* eam h vj{phjcnhnk pkjcocauh$ K n{hu vaucku nkueadiap~ykcu vankmuk eaduajcnhp7 cd~ajkpdech k kdipkd~hmkd~a$ H vpcmkcph kmkpok nh ncice{jnhnk km hekc~hp a a{~pa k ancikpkd~k$ H uko{dnh krvpkuuh {mh pkha vhph h{~ahicpmha* x{k heh`h hopkncdna h e{j~{ph ~phncecadhj$ Ancjaoa vkpmhdkek eama {m nkuhica km hm`au au ehuau$

Kuvkechjmkd~k vhph hu dayhu okphku* h cmhokm nk Nk{u m{c~a ncykpucicehnh$ B x{km vpkicpheadek`-ja eama {mh kdkpoch u{vkpcap a{ iaph kuvcpc~{hj$ M{c~au uk pkjhecadhm eam a m{dna pkjcocaua nkheapna eam u{hu vpkikpdechu$ Cdej{ucyk Gku{u Epcu~a cd~kpvpk~hna mhcu h vhp~cp nh kmaa* nhhik~cycnhnk k nhu x{ku~ku krcu~kdechcu$ Va{ea uk ihjh nk eamvpamcuua* eam{dcnhnk k uko{cmkd~a$

Pamvkp eam a vhuuhna

Kdead~phm-uk ihmjchu e{gau icjbau da uko{km h pkjcoca x{k bkpnhphm nau vhcu$ Vph~cehm {mh

kuvcpc~{hjcnhnk ncikpkd~k* x{ku~cadhm k eadijc~hm eam h epkdh ~phncecadhj$ Hjo{du gaykdu vpkikpkmpkjcocaucnhnku x{k ukghm ehvhwku nk pkuvadnkp mkjbap hau uk{u cd~kpkuuku* hau uk{u nkukgau k u u{hudkekuucnhnku$

Kuuk {m ikdmkda mankpda$ Dhu uaecknhnku vp-mankpdhu* a vhuuhna nk~kpmcdhyh a i{~{pa$Huucm ehnh dayh okpha cd~kophyh-uk dh ~phnca k dh pkjcoca nau hd~kvhuuhnau$ Da bhych m{c~akuvha vhph nkecuku cdncycn{hcu$ G dhu uaecknhnku mankpdhu* pamvk-uk eam a vhuuhna vhph ycykp avpkukd~k$ Cdyku~k-uk da yhjap nh jc`kpnhnk vkuuahj$ \$$$]

Da iecj cnkd~cicehp au ma~cyau nkuuh m{nhdh$ Vank aeappkp vkjh h~{hj ihecjcnhnk nk hekuua cdiapmha$ \$$$] Hjm ncuua* h vkpu{hua nau hmcoau* a pamvcmkd~a eam h e{j~{ph nau vhcu* h epcuk nkcnkd~cnhnk* h h~pha vkja ncikpkd~k k h ehpdech nk pkuvau~hu vhph x{ku~ku vpai{dnhu cd~kducicehm h`{ueh nk hj~kpdh~cyhu vhph epkp$

Ncjaoa k dayau ehmcdbauH vhuuhokm na madjaoa vhph a ncjaoa kr~pkmhmkd~k cmvap~hd~k* vacu a ncjaoa krcok kue{~hp

a a{~pa* nkuea`pcp k pkeadbkekp uk{u yhjapku$ Cuua u vauuykj x{hdna uk pkeadbkekm* m{~{hmkd~k*yhjapku dh epkdh na a{~pa$ \$$$] \$$$] ncjaoa cd~kp-pkjcocaua da u nk`h~k* mhu ~ana a eadg{d~a nhupkjhku cd~kp-pkjcocauhu eam vkuuahu k eam{dcnhnku nk a{~pau epknau vhph a m~{a eadbkecmkd~a kkdpcx{kecmkd~a$

H x{ku~a vpamaykp h~c~{nku nk pkuvkc~a k ~ajkpdech* `hukhnau dh eadycydech* dhuajcnhpcknhnk* da m~{a eadbkecmkd~a k dh pkykpdech nk x{km vpae{ph Nk{u* hvkuhp nau ncikpkd~kuehmcdbau$

Kd~pk~hd~a* eaducnkphdna h uc~{ha vj{phj* vank-uk jaoa vkpek`kp x{k ~hd~a au gaykdu ku~a km`{ueh na daya* x{hd~a hu pkjcocku vpkecuhm pkuvadnkp u dayhu vkpo{d~hu nh h~{hj okpha$ \$$$] A

nkuhica kue{~hp mhcu h dayhu cdx{ck~hku k vpae{php pkuvadnkp h nycnhu* `{uehu k hdukcau x{k auicjbau hvpkukd~hm$Mhu a ncjaoa k a pkuvkc~a da vankm kueadnkp hu iphocjcnhnku nk ekp~hu krvkpcdechu pkjcocauhu*

x{k ~kdnkm ha cdncycn{hjcuma k hvh~ch km pkjha hau a{~pau \$$$]$ B m{c~hu vpavau~hu pkjcocauhu ukm~phduekdndech k uajcnhpcknhnk$ Ycuhm h~kdnkp u nkmhdnhu cdncycn{hjcu~hu k ikebhm hu vkuuahu km ucmkumhu$

A ~pduc~a pkjcocaua kd~pk h g{ykd~{nk* ead~{na* ucdhjcwhnap nk x{k h h~{hj iapmh nk ycykp hpkjcoca vpkecuh ykdekp a ykpdcwnk vp~cehu cdehvhwku nk ku~p{~{php h ycnh$ Da `hu~h h cdu~p{a vhph h i* vpkecua {mh cdcecha km x{k pc~au* um`ajau k eadbkecmkd~au na ukd~cna krvkpcdech pkjcocauh$

\$$$]

IAD^K7

Cd7 M{dna Gaykm$ Vap~a Hjkopk7 KNCV[EPU* hda >3* d >06* uk~$ 0688$ v$ 62$


5/12


@JAO ICJAUAICH NCPCH 7b~~v7!!VPAIKMAPHCU$@JAOUVA^$EAM k-mhcj7 VPAIKMAPHCUFOMHCJ$EAM ;

> PCÂU7 cd~kpmkncha dkekuupch vhph x{k au jhau uk kik~cykm

Nkd~pa nk mcm uah {mh mkjanch x{hdna ebkoh {m hmcoa$ K x{hdna mk{ hmcoa uk yhc* icea vjkda nk u{h muceh$HD^BADS NK MKJJA

Au pc~au pkjcocauau ua epchnau vhph ohphd~cp x{k h jcoha k h apohdcha pkhjchnhu h~phyunh cdu~c~{ca nh pkjcoca da ~kmvj{m ukmhd~kdbhm k ukghm ukmvpk vpavechu"ihyapykcu# hau iccu "vkuuahu b{mhdhu#$ Aph*au pc~au ~m h i{da nk mhd~kp {dcnau am{dna b{mhda k a m{dna ncycda$

A pc~a {mh ekpcmdch dh x{hj oku~au*vhjhyphu* a`gk~au* vkuuahu k ukd~cmkd~aunk~kpmcdhnau hnx{cpkm a vankp mcu~kpcaua nk

~apdhp vpkukd~k "vpkukd~cicehp# au jhau kd~pk aub{mhdau k h ncycdnhnk$ Au pc~au ukpykm vhphhophnkekp nadu k `kdkiecau* u{vjcehp dayaunadu a{ `kdkiecau* jkm`php h àdnhnk nhuncycdnhnku a{ krapechp "hihu~hp# u{h ejkph$

Hu ekpcmdchu pc~{hju~cehu ua nk ophdnk yhpcknhnk* k* {mh yk icrhnau au umàjau x{keadu~c~{cpa a pc~{hj* h u{h kiceech nkvkdnkp iap~kmkd~k nh pkvk~ca mcd{ecauh "e{cnhnauh# kvkpikc~h na pc~a* ~hj eama iac vph~cehna vkjh vpcmkcph yk$

[m pc~a pkjcocaua pkvk~cna km nacu ukd~cnau i{dnhmkd~hcu7h# h ekpcmdch nkyk pkvk~cp {m head~kecmkd~a kuukdechj nh bcu~pch uhophnh$ Da ukomkd~a

eh~jcea na epcu~chdcuma* vap krkmvja* h k{ehpcu~ch k h eam{dba `{uehm pkvk~cp h Uhd~h Ekch


6/12


; YCNH HVU H MAP^K7 nkukga* uadba* pkhjcnhnk a{ {~avch1â àm mappkp nk hmap k ead~cd{hp ycykdna$

MPCA X[CD^HDH

ânh pkjcoca krvjceh da u h apcokm nh apnkm na m{dnadh~{phj* mhu ~hm`m na m{dna b{mhda$ Da ehua nh vkuuah b{mhdh*h pkjcoca vpkecuh krvjcehp vap x{k ua map~hcu k a x{k vankm a{ da

kuvkphp hvu h map~k$A mcu~pca nh map~k ukmvpk krvjcehna eama eadukx{dech nk{mh e{jvh apcocdhj* eamk~cnh ead~ph Nk{u a{ ead~ph au nk{uku$

Da vpcdevca* au bamkdu kphm cmap~hcu k ycychm dh eamvhdbchnau nk{uku a{ nk Nk{u< h uko{cp* {mh ~phduopkuua "vkehna* cdipha#cmvkpnaykj head~kek k* eam kjh* {mh ophdnk v{dca7 hmap~hjcnhnk$ Da kd~hd~a* h cmap~hjcnhnk da ku~ ~a~hjmkd~k vkpncnh* vacu Nk{u "a{ au nk{uku#eadeknk hau map~hcu {mh ycnh hvu h map~k* nkunk x{k* dh ycnh vpkukd~k* pkuvkc~km h yad~hnk k hujkcu ncycdhu$

Hjo{mhu pkjcocku hicpmhm x{k a eapva

b{mhda eamvau~a nk a{~ph mh~pch "h hjmha{ kuvpc~a# x{k vkpmhdkekp hvu h map~k$Vap hepknc~hpkm icpmkmkd~k d{mh a{~ph ycnhx{k vank ukp cmknch~h* hvu h map~k na eapvaa{ vank krcocp pkkdehpdhku v{pcicehnaphu h~kjkyhp-uk cmap~hjcnhnk hu pkjcockuvauu{km pc~au i{dkppcau* kdehppkohnau nkvpkvhphp k ohphd~cp h kd~phnh na map~a dh a{~phycnh$ A pc~{hj idk`pk "i{dkppca# jcmvh*v{pciceh* kdikc~h "hnapdh# k vkpi{mh a eapva

map~a k a vpa~kok eam h ukv{j~{ph$ Auekmc~pcau* vap ead~h ncuua* ua ycu~au eamaehmvau uhd~au* jaehcu adnk uk o{hpnh au

eapvau nau x{k epkkm k kuvkphm {mh dayh ycnh$Km hjo{mhu pkjcocku* eama dh kovech k dh opkoh* h vkpikc~h vpkukpyha na eapva map~a* cu~a

* nk u{h cmhokm* kph kuukdechj vhph x{k iauuk pkeadbkecna vkjau nk{uku da pkcda nau map~au kpkek`kuuk h cmap~hjcnhnk$

Dhu pkjcocku na kdehd~hmkd~a* eama h opkoh* huhipcehdhu k hu cdnokdhu* h map~k eadek`cnh nk ncykpuhumhdkcphu* mhu km ~anhu kjhu a map~a iceh kdehd~hna* cu~a *

~apdh-uk hjoa mocea$ D{mh nkjhu* a map~a nkcrh uk{ eapvavhph kd~php d{m a{~pa k vkpmhdkekp da m{dna* ua` iapmhuyhpchnhu< a{ nkcrh uk{ eapva k uk{ kuvpc~a vkpmhdkekp dam{dna* hoc~hdna au ykd~au* hu o{hu* a iaoa* kducdhdna ehd~ahau vuuhpau* vpa~kokdna hu epchdhu* kducdhdna au mhcuykjbau* kueadnkdna k hebhdna eacuhu$ Km a{~ph* a map~a ~kmu{h cmhokm a{ uk{ kuvpc~a jkyhna ha m{dna ncycda* hjcnkuip{~hdna nhu nkjechu nk {mh ycnh vkpkdkmkd~k vkpikc~h k`kjh< uk* vapm* u{hu ihj~hu ~kppkdhu iapkm ~hd~hu k ~hcu x{k davnk ukp vkpnahna* u{h cmhokm a{ kuvpc~a yhohp k~kpdhmkd~k

vkjhu ~pkyhu* ukm pkva{ua k ukm nkuehdua$Kuuk vkphm`{jhp vkjhu ~pkyhu da krcu~k dhu pkjcocku nk pkkdehpdha "bcdn{uma* vap

krkmvja#* vapx{k* km j{ohp nkuuh v{dca* a kuvpc~a nkykp ~kp ~hd~hu ycnhu k ua` ~hd~hu iapmhu


7/12


@JAO ICJAUAICH NCPCH 7b~~v7!!VPAIKMAPHCU$@JAOUVA^$EAM k-mhcj7 VPAIKMAPHCUFOMHCJ$EAM ?

x{hd~hu dkekuupchu u{h v{pciceha* h~ x{k vauuh vhp~cecvhp nh ikjcecnhnk vkpkdk$ Dhu pkjcocku nh uhjyha* eama a ehua na g{nhuma* na epcu~chdcuma k na cujhmcuma* h

ikjcecnhnk vkpkdk da hvkdhu cdncycn{hj* mhu ~hm`m eajk~cyh$ Ua pkjcocku km x{k h ncycdnhnkvpamk~k vkpnahp h ihj~h apcocdpch* kdychdna {m uhjyhnap* x{k* uhepcicehdna-uk vkjau b{mhdau*ohphd~k-jbku h cmap~hjcnhnk k h pkeadecjcha eam Nk{u$

Eama h ihj~h a{ x{knh apcocdpch h~cdoc{ h ~anau au b{mhdau* a vkpna ncycda k h pknkdankeappkm nk {mh nkecua ncycdh* x{k nkykp h~cdocp h ~anau au b{mhdau* uk hepknc~hpkm kpkuvkc~hpkm h jkc ncycdh kuepc~h dau ~kr~au uhophnau k uk o{hpnhpkm h kuvkphdh dh vpamkuuh nkuhjyha x{k jbku iac ikc~h vap Nk{u$ Dkuuk ~cva nk pkjcoca* h a`ph nk uhjyha pkhjchnh vap {mkdychna nk Nk{umkuuchu* km bk`phcea< epcu~a* km opkoa$ Hu pkjcocku nh uhjyha ua mkuucdcehuk eajk~cyhu7 {m vayavaya nk Nk{uukp uhjya vkjh jkc k vkja kdychna ncycda$

IAD^K7

EBH[* Mhpcjkdh$ Cdcecha Icjauaich$ Ua Vh{ja7 ~ceh* 0686$ yaj$ dcea$ "Upck Kducda Mnca# v$ 055-059$MAC^KCPA* Ehpjau Pkdh~a$ Um`ajau k pc~au dhu pkjcocku$ M{dna Gaykm$ Vap~a Hjkopk7 KNCV[EPU* hda >3* d >83*hoa$ 0688$

H^CYCNHNK 0

8# A x{k ua pc~au10# X{hj h icdhjcnhnk nau pc~au dhu pkjcocku15# A x{k {m ~h`{1 Ec~k krkmvjau nk a`gk~au a{ eacuhu eaducnkphnhu ~h`{u h~{hjmkd~k$># X{hj h ncikpkdh kd~pk hu pkjcocku nh pkykjha nhu jkcu k hu pkjcocku nh cj{mcdha mu~ceh1;# Eama hu pkjcocku vpamk~km cmap~hjcnhnk a{ ycnh hvu h map~k hau uk{u iccu1


8/12


JKDNA K PKIJK^CDNA H PKHJCNHNK

Eamvhnpk nh Map~kGaa Mad~kcpa

Nc x{k kph {mh yk {m bamkm x{k ~cdbh ~hd~au icjbau x{k da hebhyh mhcu x{km iauuk uk{ eamvhnpk$Dhuekdna mhcu {m icjbcdba* uhc{ vhph vpae{php x{km a hvhnpcdbhuuk k nkvacu nk m{c~a hdnhp kdead~pa{ hMap~k h x{km eadycna{$ H Map~k hekc~a{ k iac h mhnpcdbh nh epchdh$ X{hdna hehà{ a `h~chna yaj~hphmvhph ehuh k h mhnpcdbh ncuuk ha eamvhnpk7- Eamvhnpk( X{kpa ihkp {m vpkukd~k ha mk{ hicjbhna k vkduax{k mkjbap kdpcx{kekp a vhc$ Yae yhc ukp mncea nk bagk kmnchd~k k d{deh kpphp da x{k ncuukp$ X{hdna iap ycuc~hp {m nakd~kmk ykp ukmvpk$ Uk k{ ku~cykp dh eh`kekcph na kdikpma* pkekc~k h~o{h v{ph x{k kjk icehp àm$ Uk k{ ku~cykp dau vu* da ihh dhnhvapx{k {m ehua vkpncna$

A bamkm huucm ik$ @a~a{ hycua x{k kph mncea k icea{ pceana nch vhph h dac~k vapx{k da kpphyh$ Ajbhyh a nakd~k k ch jaoanckdna7 - Ku~k kuehvh(

A{ kd~a7 - ^ph~km na ehcra nkjk(X{km kjk ~ph~hyh* icehyh àm$ A bamkm dhnhyh km ncdbkcpa$Yhc {m nch hnakek{ a icjba na pkc k ku~k mhdna{ `{uehp a

mncea* aikpkekdna {mh pcx{kh vkjh ycnh na vpdecvk$ A bamkm iac k yc{ h Map~k ukd~hnh dau vu nh ehmh$Eama da x{kpch vkpnkp h ihmh* pkuajyk{ kdohdhp h eamhnpk* k mhdna{ x{k au epchnau ycphuukm h ehmh* auvu vhuuhphm vhph h eh`kekcph k h eh`kekcph vhph au vu$ H Map~k* m{c~a ead~phpchnh* iac-uk kmàph*pkum{dohdna$

A mncea ku~hyh km ehuh {m nch x{hdna hvhpkek{ u{h eamhnpk k a eadycna{ vhph ycuc~-jh$- K{ ya{* ncuuk a mncea - uk yae g{php x{k yaj~hpkc(- Vpamk~a( - ncuuk h Map~k$ K jkya{ a bamkm d{m pkjmvhoa h~ u{h ehuh$ ^ph~a{ m{c~a `km k mau~pa{ hehuh ~anh$ A mncea yc{ {m uhja ebkca nk ykjhu hekuhu* nk ~anau au ~hmhdbau* {mh g uk hvhohdna* a{~phu

ycyhu* a{~phu kumapkekdna$ Vkpo{d~a{ a x{k kph7- h ycnh na bamkm$ Ehnh bamkm ~km {mh ykjh hekuh$ X{hdna h ykjh heh`h* a bamkm mappk$A mncea iac vkpo{d~hdna vkjh ycnh nau hmcoau k eadbkecnau k ykdna a ku~hna nhu ycnhu$ H~ x{k jbk

vhjvc~a{ vkpo{d~hp vkjh u{h$ H Map~k mau~pa{ {m ea~ax{cdba da icm$- Ycpokm Mhpch( Kuuh x{k h mcdbh1 Kd~a k{ ku~a{* mappk-da-mappk(

H Map~k ncuuk7- Ku~ eam baphu nk ycnh k vap cuua k{ ~pa{rk yae hx{c eama hmcoa* mhu yae mk ik g{php x{k yaj~hpch kk{ ya{ jky-ja vhph yae mappkp km ehuh$

A mncea x{hdna nk{ heapna nk uc ku~hyh dh u{h ehmh pankhna vkjh ihmjch$ Ebhma{ h eamhnpk k vknc{7- Eamhnpk* mk ihh a j~cma ihyap$ Nkcrk k{ pkhp {m Vhnpk-Dauua$ Da mk jkyku hd~ku$ G{ph1- G{pa* vpamk~k{ h Map~k$

A bamkm eamka{ h pkhp7 - Vhnpk-Dauua x{k ku~u da e{$$$ K ehja{-uk$ Yhc h Map~k k nc7- Yhmau* eamvhnpk* pkk a pku~a nh apha(- Dkm vkduk dcuua* eamhnpk( Yae g{pa{ x{k mk nhyh ~kmva nk pkhp a Vhnpk-Dauua* mhu k{ da krvjcx{kcx{hd~a ~kmva yhc n{php mcdbh pkh$ Yhc n{php hdau k hdau$$$

H Map~k iac-uk kmàph* hdohnh vkjh uh`knapch na eamvhnpk$Hdau k hdau nkvacu* a mncea* ykjbcdba k kdokjbhna* ch vhuukhdna dhu u{hu ophdnku vpavpcknhnku x{hdna

pkvhpa{ x{k au hdcmhcu ~cdbhm i{phna h ekpeh k ku~phohna a ghpncm* ebkca nk ijapku$ A bamkm* `kmead~phpchna ncuuk7- U x{kpch mappkp vhph da ykp {mh mcupch nku~hu($$$

Da ikeba{ h àeh k h Map~k `h~k{ km ecmh* ehppkohdna-a$H okd~k vank kdohdhp h Map~k n{hu ykku mhu dh ~kpekcph kdohdhna vap kjh$


9/12



9 A @KM K A MHJ7 nacu jhnau nk {mh mkumh maknh1Da {uk hu vhjhyphu nk Nk{u vhph g{u~cicehp u{hu cnkchu$ Ykgh hd~ku uk u{hu cnkchu

ku~a nk heapna eam hu vhjhyphu nk Nk{u$GAU NCHU OA[JHP^

Hu pkjcocku apnkdhm h pkhjcnhnk uko{dna nacu vpcdevcau i{dnhmkd~hcu7 a `km k a mhj "a{ hj{ k h ~pkyh* a v{pa k a cmv{pa#$Ua` kuuk huvke~a* b ~pu ~cvau nk

pkjcocku7 hu vajc~ku~hu* km x{k bcdmkpau nk{uku* hjo{du àdu* a{~paumh{u* a{ h~ mkuma ehnh nk{uvankdna ukp aph àm* aph mh{< hun{hjcu~hu* dhu x{hcu h n{hjcnhnk na`km k na mhj ku~ kdehpdhnh kico{phnh km n{hu ncycdnhnku

hd~hodcehu x{k da ekuuhm nkeam`h~kp-uk< k hu mada~ku~hu* kmx{k a mkuma nk{u ~hd~a àm x{hd~amh{* a{* eama da ehua na g{nhuma*na epcu~chdcuma k na cujhmcuma* hncycdnhnk a `km k a mhj vpaym nk

kd~cnhnku nkmadhehu* cdikpcapku ncycdnhnk k km j{~h ead~ph kjh$Da ehua na vajc~kuma k na n{hjcuma* h ncycua `km-mhj da

vpa`jkm~ceh* huucm eama da a dhu pkjcocku mada~ku~hu x{kda krcokm nh ncycdnhnk eamvap~hmkd~au ukmvpk àdu* {dciapmku

k bamaodkau* vacu h ha na nk{u cduadnykj k cdeamvpkkduykj$A vpa`jkmh* vapm* krcu~k da mada~kuma g{nhcea-epcu~a kcujmcea$

Nk ih~a* h ncycdnhnk g{nhcea-epcu~ k cujmceh nkicdcnh~kajaocehmkd~k eama {m ukp vauc~cya a{ hicpmh~cya7 Nk{u àm*

g{u~a* mcukpceapncaua* ejkmkd~k* epchnap dcea nk ~anhu hu eacuhu*adcva~kd~k k adcueckd~k* mhu* ua`pk~{na* k~kpda k cdicdc~a$ Nk{u aukp vkpikc~a vap krekjdech* a vpvpca `km k ku~k k~kpda eamaKjk$ Uk a `km k~kpda k cdicdc~a* eama u{poc{ u{h dkoha* a mhj1

Hnmc~cp {m vpcdevca k~kpda k cdicdc~a vhph a mhj ukpch hnmc~cp nacu nk{uku* cdeappkdna da

vpcmkcpa k mhcu ophyk nau vkehnau* vacu ~hd~a au Nk Mhdnhmkd~au x{hd~a a Epkna "h epkdh na#epcu~a hicpmhm bhykp {m u k dcea Nk{u$

Hjm ncuua* Nk{u epca{ ~anhu hu eacuhu na dhnh< ~{na a x{k krcu~k * vap~hd~a* a`ph nk Nk{u$ Uka mhj krcu~k* ukpch a`ph nk Nk{u1 Vapm* Nk{u ukdna a vpvpca `km* vankpch epchp a mhj1 Eama avkpikc~a epchpch a cmvkpikc~a1 X{hj * vacu* h apcokm na mhj1 H pkuvau~h 7 h epch~{ph$

Nk{u epca{ cd~kjcodechu cmh~kpchcu vkpikc~hu* au hdgau$ Nkd~pkkjku* u{pokm hjo{du x{k huvcphm h ~kp a mkuma vankp k a mkumauh`kp x{k h ncycdnhnk* j{~hdna ead~ph kjh$ Mkdau vankpauau kmkdau u`cau* ua ykdecnau k krv{juau nh vpkukdh ncycdh$ Dapkeadbkekm* vapm* h nkppa~h$ Iapmhm {m pkcda ukvhphna* nk ehau

k ~pkyhu* vpauuko{km dh j{~h ead~ph a Epchnap$ X{k yc~pch mhcap~kpchm ukda eappamvkp h mhcu hj~h nhu epch~{phu hvu au hdgau* cu~a* a bamkm1 Yhjkdna-uk nh jc`kpnhnk nhnh ha bamkm* au hdgau na


10/12


mhj eappamvkm h epch~{ph b{mhdh k* eam ku~h* a mhj kd~ph da m{dna$A mhj a vkehna* cu~a * h ~phduopkuua nh jkc ncycdh* x{k pkek`k{ eama v{dca a u{pocmkd~a

nau a{~pau mhjku7 map~k* nakdh* nap* iamk* uknk* ipca* ~pcu~kh* nca* hm`ca* j{rpch* o{jh*vpko{ch* hyhpkh$ Vkja mhj* h epch~{ph hihu~h-uk nk Nk{u* vkpnk h vpkukdh ncycdh k h `adnhnkapcocdhj x{k vauu{h$

A mhj* vap~hd~a* da {mh iaph vauc~cyh nk mkumh pkhjcnhnk x{k a `km* mhu v{ph h{udechna `km* v{ph vpcyha na `km* dkoh~cycnhnk* iphx{kh$ Huucm eama h ~pkyh da hjoa vauc~cya* mhu

ucmvjku h{udech nh j{* huucm ~hm`m a mhj v{ph h{udech na `km$ B {m u Nk{u k a mhj ku~hp jadok k vpcyhna nkjk* vacu Kjk a `km k a dcea `km$

? A VKEHNA7 ycajha nh jkc ncycdhEadnkdhp x{km da hekc~h h i km Gku{u Epcu~a* dkohp kuuh mkumh i* x{k vpa`k eadnkdhp$

GAU NCHU OA[JHP^

Krcu~km pkjcocku nh cd~kpcapcnhnk k pkjcocku nhkr~kpcapcnhnk$ Hu pkjcocku nh kr~kpcapcnhnk ua hx{kjhu

km x{k au nk{uku vauu{km iapmh ycuykj "b{mhdh*hdcmhj* ykok~hj a{ mcdkphj# k uk ncpcokm u hku kr~kpdhuk ycuykcu na ukp b{mhda< hu apnkdu k au mhdnhmkd~au ukpkikpkm h eamvap~hmkd~au ncycdau k b{mhdau kr~kpdau kycuykcu k h pkjha nau bamkdu eam au nk{uku ukkrvpcmkm dau pc~au k dhu ekpcmdchu$

Km hjo{mhu pkjcocku nh kr~kpcapcnhnk a vkehna {mh ha kr~kpdh ycuykj* eamk~cnh yaj{d~pch a{cdyaj{d~hpchmkd~k ead~ph h ncycdnhnk vkjh ycajha nk {m~h`{ a{ vkjh m pkhjcha nk {m pc~a$ H ihj~h ~ph eama

eadukx{dech h cmv{pkh x{k ead~hmcdh a ihj~aua k aop{va* krcocdna pc~{hcu nk v{pciceha a{ uhepciecaukrvch~pcau "nk jc`kp~ha#$

Dhu pkjcocku nh kr~kpcapcnhnk h ncycdnhnk vank a{ da vkpnahp "eadeknkp {mh ophh#*cdnkvkdnkd~kmkd~k nau pc~{hcu nk v{pciceha pkhjchnau$

Hu pkjcocku nh cd~kpcapcnhnk ua hx{kjhu km x{k h ncycdnhnk eadek`cnh eama v{pa kuvpc~a*cdycuykj vhph au ajbau nk dauua eapva* k uk ncpcokm ha eapha* ha kuvpc~a* hjmh na epkd~k*ihjhdna u{h eaduecdech k g{johdna au h~au b{mhdau vkjhu cd~kdku cd~kpcapku nk x{km hok$

Dhu pkjcocku nh cd~kpcapcnhnk* eama a g{nhuma* a epcu~chdcuma k a cujhmcuma* a vkehna {mhaikduh eamk~cnh ead~ph Nk{u vap mkca nk {mh ha cd~kpdh

cdycuykj "h cd~kda na hokd~k# x{k ~km eama eh{uh {mhyad~hnk m "epcmk# a{ {m kd~kdncmkd~a kx{cyaehna "kppa#$Kuuh aikduh {mh ~phduopkuua x{k krvkpcmkd~hnh dh iapmhnk e{jvh* x{k krcok eama pkvhpha {mh krvcha "vhohmkd~a*pkuoh~k# cdncycn{hj$

Dhu pkjcocku nh cd~kpcapcnhnk* a vkpna krcok {mhkrvkpcdech cd~kpcap vpkecuh7 a hppkvkdncmkd~a k h vp~ceh nkhku x{k mhdciku~km kr~kpdhmkd~k h ncuvauca hahppkvkdncmkd~a nh ihj~h* ukgh vap vpkeku ukgh vap uhepciecau h~pc`{nau h uc$


11/12



2 A EADIJCÂ KD^PK I K PHWA7 epkp vhph ykp a{ ykp vhph epkp1A vkpna h kueajbh nk ykp h j{w* k da h jmvhnh$

OKPHJN GHMVAJULS

Au vpcmkcpau eadijc~au kd~pk pha k i u{pocphm g dh

hd~co{cnhnk* eam au icjuaiau vp-uaep~ceau* au x{hcu hicpmhyhm x{kkph ead~phnc~pca* na vad~a nk ycu~h nh pha* h krcu~dech nk {mhvj{phjcnhnk nk nk{uku* vacu h kuudech nh ncycdnhnk h vjkdc~{nkcdicdc~h* k* vhph ~hd~a* u nkyk bhykp {mh dceh va~dech ncycdh$ Auvp-uaep~ceau ncueapnhyhm* ~hm`m* na ehp~kp hd~pavampicea nhuncycdnhnku* ehp~kp kuuk x{k h~pc`{h h kjku x{hjcnhnku k vpavpcknhnkub{mhdhu d{m oph{ kr~pkma$ H pha b{mhdh uh`k x{k au nk{ukunkykm ukp kd~ku u{vph-b{mhdau* a{ ukgh* hu x{hjcnhnku nau ukpku

ncycdau da vankm uk eadi{dncp eam hu x{hjcnhnku nh dh~{pkh b{mhdh$Au eadijc~au eadekd~phphm-uk* va{ea h va{ea* dh hicpmha nh ncikpkdh kd~pk h epkdh d{mh

ncycdnhnk ua`pkdh~{phj x{k cmvk jkcu hau bamkdu k a eadbkecmkd~a phecadhj nh kuudech nk Nk{u$Vhph h hjmh pkjcocauh* b {m Nk{u< g vhph h pha* vpkecua vpayhp h krcu~dech nh ncycdnhnk$

Vhph a pkjcocaua* Nk{u {m ukp vkpikc~a* àm k mcukpceapncaua* da kd~hd~a g{u~a* v{dcdna au mh{u kpkeamvkduhdna au àdu$ Vhph h pha* Nk{u {mh u{ù~dech cdicdc~h* mhu vpkecua vpayhp x{k u{hkuudech eadu~c~{nh vap {m cd~kjke~a adcueckd~k k {mh yad~hnk adcva~kd~k$

H vke{jchpcnhnk phecadhj nh e{j~{ph aecnkd~hj hik~a{ h vpvpch pkjcoca$ Vhph eamvk~cp eam hpha k u{vjhd~-jh* h pkjcoca vpkecua{ aikpkekp-uk dhiapmh nk vpayhu phecadhcu* ~kuku* eadekc~au* ~kapchu$âpda{-uk ~kajaoch* ecdech ua`pk Nk{u$ ^phduiapma{ au~kr~au nh bcu~pch uhophnh km na{~pcdh* eacuh x{k

dkdb{mh a{~ph pkjcoca ik$ Hvkuhp nk ~anhu hu~phduiapmhku x{k h pkjcoca vhuua{* b eacuhu x{k

ghmhcu ukpa eamvpayhnhu phecadhjmkd~k* a x{k cpokphp x{ku~cadhmkd~a ukmvpk$

H Icjauaich k h ecdech he{uhm h pkjcoca nknaomh~cuma* h~phua* u{vkpu~ca k cd~ajkpdech*kdx{hd~a h pkjcoca he{uh h pha k h ecdech nk h~kumak bkpkuch$

IAD^K7

EBH[* Mhpcjkdh$ Cdcecha Icjauaich$ Ua Vh{ja7 ~ceh* 0686$ yaj$ dcea$ "Upck Kducda Mnca# v$ 05?-0>8$

H^CYCNHNK 5

8# X{k ep~cehu h icjauaich jkyhd~a{ hekpeh nh pkjcoca10# Km u{h avcdca vauuykj bhykp eadycydech vheiceh kd~pk i k pha1 X{hcu au ma~cyau nk u{havcdca1


12/12


CDNCEHKU NK JKC^[PH EAMVJKMKD^HP

JCYPAU7

BKJJKP* Yce~ap< DA^HLKP* Bkdps< OHHPNKD* Gau~kcd$ A jcypa nhu pkjcocku$ ^phn{a7 Cuh Mhph Jhdna$ UaVh{ja7 Eamvhdbch nhu Jk~phu* 0666$ Ncuvadykj km7 b~~v7!!v~$uepc`n$eam!nae!0622500!Gau~kcd-Ohhpnkp-A-Jcypa-nhu-

Pkjcocaku

VKPKCPH$ Gau Ehpjau$ A vankp ucm`jcea nh pkjcoca$ Cd7 H x{ku~a uaechj da daya mcjdca$ YCCC EadopkuuaJ{ua-hipa-`phucjkcpa nk Ecdechu Uaechcu$ Eacm`ph* Uk~$ 066>$ Ncuvadykj km7b~~v7!!www$eku${e$v~!jh`066>!vniu!GaukEhpjauVkpkcph$vni

VH CHU* Ghcmk Ehpjau$ A uhophna k a vpaihda7 na pc~a pkjcocaua ha kuvk~e{ja mcnc~cea$ Ncuvadykj km7 :b~~v7!!www$vj{pceam$eam$`p!iap{m!a-uhophna-k-a-vpaihda-na-pc~a-pkjcocaua-ha4 Hekuua km 06 hoa 0688$

HJYKU* P{`km$ A x{k pkjcoca$ Ua Vh{ja7 @phucjckduk "Eajka Vpcmkcpau Vhuuau - 0>># Ncuvadykj km7b~~v7!!v~$uepc`n$eam!nae!86808>95;!P{`kdu-Hjyku-a-X{k-k-Pkjcocha-Ukpck-Vpcmkcpau-Vhuuau

Icjauaich nh Pkjcoca$ Ncuvadykj km7b~~v7!!v~$uepc`n$eam!nae!86808;?28!Icjauaich-nh-pkjcocha

ICJMK7

UHD^A IAP^K@k~a @phdn~0668@phucj$
http://pt.scribd.com/doc/2088322/Jostein-Gaarder-O-Livro-das-Religioeshttp://pt.scribd.com/doc/2088322/Jostein-Gaarder-O-Livro-das-Religioeshttp://pt.scribd.com/doc/2088322/Jostein-Gaarder-O-Livro-das-Religioeshttp://www.ces.uc.pt/lab2004/pdfs/JoseCarlosPereira.pdfhttp://www.ces.uc.pt/lab2004/pdfs/JoseCarlosPereira.pdfhttp://www.pluricom.com.br/forum/o-sagrado-e-o-profano-do-rito-religioso-aohttp://pt.scribd.com/doc/101214635/Rubens-Alves-o-Que-e-Religiao-Serie-Primeiros-Passoshttp://pt.scribd.com/doc/101214635/Rubens-Alves-o-Que-e-Religiao-Serie-Primeiros-Passoshttp://pt.scribd.com/doc/101215781/Filosofia-da-religiaohttp://pt.scribd.com/doc/101215781/Filosofia-da-religiaohttp://pt.scribd.com/doc/101215781/Filosofia-da-religiaohttp://pt.scribd.com/doc/101215781/Filosofia-da-religiaohttp://pt.scribd.com/doc/101214635/Rubens-Alves-o-Que-e-Religiao-Serie-Primeiros-Passoshttp://www.pluricom.com.br/forum/o-sagrado-e-o-profano-do-rito-religioso-aohttp://www.ces.uc.pt/lab2004/pdfs/JoseCarlosPereira.pdfhttp://pt.scribd.com/doc/2088322/Jostein-Gaarder-O-Livro-das-Religioeshttp://pt.scribd.com/doc/2088322/Jostein-Gaarder-O-Livro-das-Religioes

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