Diagramas TT de Ferro e Aço - Aço de Alta Resistência

196 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams

Compot3ition: 0.40% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.53% Si - 0.001% S - 0.012% P - 0.21% Ni - 1.65% Cr - 0.23% MO - 0.15% Cu - 1.100% AI Austeniticed at QOOOC (1652OF)

40 CAD 6-12 Steel

Composition: 0.40% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.53% Si - 0.001% S - 0.012% P - 0.21% Ni - 1.66% Cr - 0.23% MO - 0.16% Cu - 1.100% AI Austeniticed at QOOOC (1662OF)

SOURCE: Courber de Transformation der Aciem de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Park, France, 1974

A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 601

O.lC-0.24Mo-B Steel Composition: 0.10% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.24% MO - 0.002% B - 0.006% N - 0.048% Zr Auatenitired at Q82OC (i800F)

CCT diagram in the undeformed condition

CCT diagram at 25% reduction

SOURCE: Y.E. Smith, C.A. Siebert,Continuous Cooling Transformation Kinetics of Thermomechanically Worked Low-Carbon Austenite, Metallurgical Transactions, Vol 2, ASM, June 1971, pp 1711-1725


O.lC-0.24Mn-B Steel Composition: 0.10% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.24% MO - 0.002% B - 0.005% N - 0.048% Zr Austenitieed at Q82OC 118000Fj


SOURCE: Y.E. Smith, C.A. Siebert,Continuous Cooling Transformation Kinetics of Thermomechanically Worked Low-Carbon Austenite, Metallurgical Transactions, vol 2, ASM International, June 1971


0.1 C-0.39Mo-B Steel Composition: 0.10% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.39% MO - 0.003% B - 0.005% N - 0.046% Zr Austeniticed at 982C (1800~F)


SOURCE: Y.E. Smith, C.A. Siebert,Continuous Cooling Transformation Kinetics of Thermomechanically Worked Low-Carbon Auetenite, Metallurgical Transactions, Vol 2, ASM, June 1971, pp 1711-1724

Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 603

O.lC-0.39Mo-B Steel Composition: 0.10% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.39% MO - 0.003% B - 0.005% N - 0.046% Zr Austenitieed at 982OC (18000F)



SOURCE: Y.E. Smith, C.A. Siebert,Continuous Cooling Transformation Kinetics of Thermomechanically Worked Low-Carbon Austenite, Metallurgical Transactions, Vol 2, ASM International, June 1971, pp 1711-1724


O.lC-0.66Mo-B Steel Composition: 0.10% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.66% Mo - 0.003% B - 0.005% N - 0.044% Zr Austeniticed at 982C (1800oF)





O.lC-0.66Mo-B Steel Composition: 0.10% C - 0.88% Mn - 035% Si - 0.66% MO - 0.003% B - 0.005% N - 0.044% Zr Austeniticed at 982OC (18000F)




0.2C-0.38Mo-B Steel Composition: 0.20% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.38% MO - 0.003% B - 0.006% N - 0.052% Zr Auetenitissed at 982C (i8000F)


SOURCE: Y.E. Smith, C.A. Siebert,Continuoue Cooling Transformation Kinetics of Thermomechanically Worked Low-Carbon Auetenite, Metallurgical Transactions, Vol 2, ASM, June 1971, pp 1711-1724

606 Atlas of lime-Temperature Diagrams

0.2C-0.38Mo-B Steel Composition: 0.20% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.38% MO - 0.003% B - hN - 0.052% Zr Austeniticed at 982C (180Ci&) .-



SOURCE: Y.E. Smith, C.A. Siebert,Continuoue Cooling Transformation Kinetics of Thermomechanically Worked Low-Carbon Austenite, Metallurgical Transactions, Voi 2, ASM International, June 1971, pp 1711-1724


005 Composition: 0.224% C - 1.498% Mn - 0.226% Si - 0.02% S - 0.022% P - 0.037% Ni - 0.33% Cr - 0.195% MO - 0.054% Al Grain sise: 9 Austenitised at SSOOC (1580OF) for 30 min

SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriquee dans le Benelux, Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967


006 Composition: 0.18% C - 1.36% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.025% S - 0.014% P - 0.91% Ni - 0.26% Cr - 0.37% MO - 0.057% V - 0.048% Al Grain sire: 9 Austenitired at 900C (1652oF) for 30 min

SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diapammer de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux, Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967


007 Composition: 0.201% C - 1.55% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.019% S - 0.025% P - 0.89% Cr - 0.005% Al - 0.11% Nb Grain site: 8 Auetenitised at 925OC (1697oF) for 16 min

SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans le Benelux, Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967


19 hl Nb 6 Steel Composition: 0.19% C - 1.39% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.019% S - 0.029% P - 0.043% Nb - 0.007% N - 0.046% Al Austenitieed at 900C (1652OF) for 30 min

SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciera de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974

A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 611 -

Carbon Steel Composition: 0.23% C - 0.85% V Solution treated in an argon- atmosphere furnace at 1200C (2190F), and plunged into a tin bath for the required length of time before quenching in water. VC precipitates in ferrite aa fine particles aligned in nearly parallel rowe or lines

SOURCE: A.D. Batte, R.W.K. Honeycombe, Precipitation of Vanadium Carbide in Ferrite, Journal of The Iron and Steel Institute, Vol 211, April 1973, p 284


Carbon Steels

Composition: 0.20% C - 0.023% Nb - 1.04% V - 15 ppm N - 13 pm 0

Composition: 0.15% C - 0.020% NB - 0.75% V - 40 ppm N - 41 wm 0

Composition: 0.09% C - 0.016% Nb - 0.48% V - 40 ppm N - 69 mm 0

Composition: 0.04% C - 0.02% Mn - 0.020% Nb - 0.55% V - 6 ppm N - 1 ppm 0

Solution treated in an argon-atmosphere furnace at 1200C (2190F), and plunged into a tin bath for the required length of time before quenching in water. VC precipitates in ferrite as fine particles aligned in nearly parallel rows or lines

SOURCE: A.D. Batte, R.W.K. Honeycombe, Precipitation of Vanadium Carbide in Ferrite, Journal of The Iron and Steel Institute, Vol 211, April 1973, p 284


C-I% Steels

Composition: 0.12% C - 1.33% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.011% P - Composition: 0.11% C - 1.58% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.013% P - 0.009% S Austeniticed at 12OOOC (21920F) for 10 min 0.009% S Auatenitised at 1200C (21920F) for 10 min

Composition: 0.11% C - 1.73% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.009% P - 0.010% S Austenitired at 1200C (21920F) for 10 min

Composition: 0.11% C - 1.99% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.012% P - 0.009% S Austenitised at 12OOC (21920F) for 10 min

SOURCE: Jye-Long Lee, Shyi-Chin Wang, Gwo-Hwa Cheng, Transformation Processes and Products for C-Mn Steels during Continuous Cooling, Materials Science and Technology, Vol 5, July 1989, pp 674-681


Cr-V Quenched and Tempered Engineering Steels Composition: 0.43% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.10% V - 0.32% Cr

SOURCE: A.F. Crawley, M.T. Shehata, Metallurgy of Continuous Annealed Sheet Steel, TMS-AIME, 1982, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Cr-V-Ti Quenched and Tempered Engineering Steels Composition: 038% C - 0.78% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.030% S - 0.005% P - 0.99% Cr - 0.14% Ni - 0.08% MO - 0.06% V - 0.021% Ti - 0.20% Cu - 0.022% AI - 0.01% N Austenitired at 875OC (1607oF) for 30 min

SOURCE: Institutet for Metallforskning, Sweden, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Cr-V-Ti quenched and Tempered Engineering Steels Composition: 0.39% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.033% S - 0.007% P - 0.99% Cr - 0.14% Ni - 0.03% MO - 0.12% V - 0.047% Ti - 0.21% Cu - 0.01% N Austeniticed at 876OC (1607oF) for 10 min

Cr-V-Ti Quenched and Tempered Engineering Steels Composition: 0.40% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.034% S - 0.007% P - 0.96% Cr - 0.13% Ni - 0.07% MO - 0.06% V - 0.035% Ti - 0.20% Cu - 0.01% N Austenitised at 875C ( 1607F) for 30 min

SOURCE: Instituter for Metallforskning, Sweden, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Cu-Ni-Mo-Cb Steel 12.0% Cr - 1.0% MO-V Steel Comporition: 0.14% C - 0.98% Mn - 035% Si - 0.009% P - 0.012% S - 1.21% Ni - 0.32% Cr - 0.40% MO - 0.63% Cu - 0.032% Al - 0.014% N - 0.02% Cb

Composition: 0.20% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.026% P - 0.009% S - 0.39% Ni - 11.59% Cr - 0.98% MO - 0.002% Al - 0.28% V - 0.0323% N

SOURCE: Gerhard P. Kalwa, Klaur Haarmann, Klaus J. Jansaen, Experience with Ferritic and Martensitic Steel Tubes and Piping in Nuclear and Non-Nuclear Applications, proceedinga of Topical Conference on Ferritic Alloys for Use in Nuclear Energy Technologier, J.W. Davis, D.J. Michel, edr., AIME, 1984, pp 235-244


Carbides Fe-Nb-C Alloy Steel

Composition: Fe - 0.07% C - 0.031% Nb Austenitired at llOOC (2012OF) for 10 min

Composition: Fe - 0.09% C - 0.036% Nb - 0.003% B Austenitised at llOOC (2012OF) for 10 min

TTP diagram showing the transformation of austenite to ferrite containing NbC

SOURCE: T. Sakuma, R.W.K. Honeycombe, Microstructures of Isothermally Transformed Fe-Nb-C Alloys, Metal Science, Vol 18, 1984, p 449


Fe-Nb-C Alloy Steel Composition: Fe - 0.07% C - 1.07% Mn - 0.033% Nb Composition: Fe - 0.07% C - 0.031% Nb Austenitised at llOOC (2012F) for 10 min Carbide-free ferrite is principally formed between 850 and 78OC in the Mn-containing alloy, a wider temperature range than that for the alloy without manganese

TTT diagram of Fe-Nb-C-Mn alloy determined by high-speed dilatometry; data on Fe-Nb-C alloy are also shown for comparison (shaded areas represent difference between the two alloys)

Schematic of TTT curves for Fe-Nb-C and Fe-Nb-C-Mn alloys; interphase precipitation (IP) occurs in certain shaded areas

SOURCE: T. Sakuma, R.W.K. Honeycombe, Effect of Manganese on Microstructure of an Isothermally Transformed Fe-Nb-C Alloy, Materials Science and Technology, Vol 1, May 1985, p 351


Precipitation During Aging (Tempering)

Ferritic Steel Composition: 0.12% C - 0.5% V Treatment: After solution-treatment and quenching, specimens were aged at 350C (660OF) for 2 h

Isothermal precipitation of VC from bainite during aging

Isothermal precipitation of VC from martensite during aging

Composition: 0.12% C - 1.3% MO Treatment: After solution-treatment and quenching, specimens were aged at 350C (66OOF) for 2 h

Isothermal precipitation of Mo2C from martensite or bainite during aging

SOURCE: J.M. Derbyshire, J. Barford, Carbide Transformations in Ferritic Steel, The Mechanism of Phase Transformations in Crystalline Solids, proceedings of an International Symposium, Monograph and Report Series No. 33, The Institute of Metals, 1969, p 66

A t/as of lime-Temperature Diagrams 615

Fe-V-C Alloy Steel Composition: 0.12% C - 0.02% Mn - 0.02% MO - 0.46% V - 0.002% N Solution treated at 1200C (2192OF) for 5 h

Volume fractions of etoichiometric vanadium carbide precipitated by isothermal aging over range of temperatures

SOURCE: W.G. Hall, T.N. Baker, Electrical Resistivity and Length Changes during Precipitation in Fe-V-C Alloy, Metal Science, Vol 15, October 1981, p 447


Hot-Rolled Dual Phase Steel Composition: 0.06% C - 1.19% Mn - 0.87% Si - 038% MO - 0.064% Al Auetenitised atQ60C (1760OF)for 20 min

SOURCE: Structure and Properties of Dual Phase Steels, R.A. Knot, T.W. Morris, eds., AIME, 1979

A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams

HSLA Steel Composition: 0.11% C - 1.61% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.003% S - 0.029% Nb Grain sise: 9

SOURCE: WM. Hof, M.K. Graf, H.-G. Hillenbrand, B. Hoh, P.A. Peters, New High-Strength Large-Diameter Pipe Steels, HSLA Steels: Metallurgy and Applications, ASM, 1986, pp 467


HSLA Steels Treatmentr: Two thermomechanical treatments were designed for the determination of time-temperature-precipitation diagrams. (Tl) Specimene were solution treated in a gas-fired furnace at 1260C (2SOOF) for 30 min and grain refined by successive hot-rolling passes at 12S0, 1175 and 10QSC (2250, 2150, and 2OOOOF) where the total reduction in area was 30% for each pass. They were then cooled, using an atomiaer jet of water (mist-jet), to the desired holding temperature. (T2) Specimens were hot rolled to 30% reduction at 980C (18OOOF) to investigate the effect of low finishing temperature, with mist-jet cooling both before and after. They were then isothermally treated in a salt bath for the required periods up to 1 hr and quenched into brine cooled by dry ice.

Composition: 0.062% C - 1.71% Mn - 0.12% Si - 0.016% P - 0.011% S - 0.02% MO - 0.074% Nb - 0.025% Al - 0.0060% N

TTP diagram of precipitation of Nb(C,N) in recrystallieed austenite of base steel

Composition: O.O6S% C - 1.71% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.018% P - 0.011% S - 0.03% MO - 0.084% Nb - 0.024% Al - 0.0058% N

TTP diagram showing effect of deformation on precipitation of Nb(C,N) in austenite

SOURCE: II. Watanabe, Y.E. Smith, R.D. Pehlke, Precipitation Kinetics of Niobium Carbonitride in Austenite of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels, The Hot Deformation of Austenite, The Metallurgical Society of AIME, 1977, p 140

620 A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams

HSLA Steels Composition: 0.060% C - 1.74% Mn - 0.12% Si - 0.017% P - 0.011% S - 0.29% MO - 0.075% Nb - 0.022% Al - 0.0061% N

TTP diagram showing effect of MO on precitipation of Nb(C.N) in recrystallised austenite

Composition: 0.059% C - 1.70% Mn - 0.12% Si - 0.018% P - 0.011% S - 0.29% MO - 0.080% Nb - 0.022% Al - 0.0062% N

TTP diagram showing effect of deformation and MO on precipitation of Nb(C,N) in austenite

SOURCE: H. Watanabe, Y.E. Smith, R.D. Pehlke, Precipitation Kinetics of Niobium Carbonitride in Austenite of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels, The Hot Deformation of Austenite, The Metallurgical Society of AIME, 1977, p 140


HSLA Steels Composition: 0.059% C - 1.70% Mn - 0.12% Si - 0.018% P - 0.011% S - 0.29% MO - 0.080% Nb - 0.022% Al - 0.0062% N

TTP diagram showing effect of MO on precipitation of Nb(C,N) in unrecrystallised austenite

Composition: 0.062% C - 1.75% Mn - 0.12% Si - 0.018% P - 0.011% S - O.OS% MO - 0.075% Nb - 0.029% Al - 0.0102% N

TTP diagram showing effect of N content on precipitation of Nb(C,N) in recrystallised austenite

SOURCE: H. Watanabe, Y.E. Smith, R.D. Pehlke, Precipitation Kinetics of Niobium Carbonitride in Austenite of High-Strength Low-Ahoy Steels, The Hot Deformation of Austenite, The Metallurgical Society of AIME, 1977, p 140

Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams

HSLA Steels

ASTM A710 Composition: 0.05% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.88% Ni - 0.71% Cr - 0.20% MO - 1.12% Cu - O.OSS% Nb

HSLA 80/10 Composition: 0.05% - 1.00% Mn - 034% Si - 1.77% Ni - 0.72% Cr - 0.50% MO - 1.25% Cu - 0.040% Nb

0.24C-Mn-MO-V Composition: 0.24% C - 1.67% Mn - 0.39% Si - 0.14% Ni - 01.17% Cr - 0.22% MO - 0.11% V

ASTM A710 Mod. Composition: 0.06% C - 1.45% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.97% Ni - 0.72% Cr - 0.42% MO - 1.26% Cu - 0.040% Nb

HSLA 100 Composition: 0.06% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.37% Si - 3.48% Ni - 0.68% Cr - 0.59% MO - 1.66% Cu - 0.28% Nb

0.35C-hln-MO-V Composition: 0.35% C - 1.40% Mn - 0.76% Si - 0.06% Ni - 0.07% Cr - 0.19% MO - 0.14% V

SOURCE: S.W. Thompson, G. Krauss, Structure and Properties of Continuously Cooled Bainitic Ferrite-Austenite-Martensite Microstructures, 31st Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference Proceedings, ISS of AIME, 1990, pp 467-481


CCP of Complex Nitrides

HT-50 Steel Composition: 0.08% C - 1.4% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.008% P - 0.002% S - 0.04% Al - 0.008% Ti - O.OOSO% N - 0.0014% B Treatment: Quenched from various temperatures on cooling process of a simulated weld thermal cycle whose peak temperature was 1400C (255OOF) and cooling time was 160 8 for 800-500C (1470-930F)

Precipitation diagram of Fe23(CB)6, BN and MnS during continuous cooling from 1400C (255OF)

SOURCE: K. Itoh, et al., Basic Ideas on the Development of Ti-B-Low N 50 kg/mm2 Steel for Large Heat Input Welding, HSLA Steels: Metallurgy and Applications, J.M. Gray, et al, Eds., ASM, 1986, p 669


Low C MnNiMoB Steel Composition: 0.015% C - 1.99% Mn - 031% Si - 0.006% P - 0.004% S - 1.00% Ni - ~0.01% Cr - 0.29% MO - 0.017% Al - 0.002% B Austenithed at 920C (16QOOF)

SOURCE: B.L. Bramfitt, J.G. Speer, The Microstructure of Continuously Cooled Bainite, 31st Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Proceedings, ISS of AIME, 1990, pp 44%453


Low-Carbon Bainitic Steel

Composition: 0.08% C - 1.57% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.011% P - 0.002% S - 0.07% V - 0.03% Nb - 0.018% Ti - 0.042% sol. Al 0.0038% N

CCT diagram after hot deformation from llOOC (2012F), hot deformation sequence to right of transformation curves

Composition: 0.02% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.043% Nb - 0.017% Ti - 0.0018% B - 0.0020% N

CCT diagram after hot deformation from 1050C (1922oF), hot deformation sequence to right of transformation curves

SOURCE: H. Ohtani, S. Okaguchi, Y. Fujishiro, Y. Ohmori, Morphology and Properties of Low-Carbon Bainite, Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol 2lA, ASM, April 1990, pp 877-888


Mn-Mo-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.06% C - 1.21% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.001% S - 0.014% P - 0.26% MO - 0.08% V - 0.044% Nb - 0.036% Al - 0.003% N Grain rice: ASTM 7.1 Austenitked (a) at 1050C (1922F) for 3 8, (b) at 930C (1706F) for 10 min

SOURCE: Kawaeaki Steel Corporation Rerearch Laboratories, Japan, aa published in Atlaa of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagramn for Vanadium Steela, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-Mo-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.07% C - 1.49% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.001% S - 0.015% P - 0.25% MO - 0.08% V - 0.042% Nb - 0.036% Al - 0.003% N Grain aire: ASTM 7-8 Auatenitised (a) at 1050C (19llOF) for 3 a (b) at 93OC (1706OF) for 10 min

SOURCE: Kawaeaki Steel Corporation Research Laboratories. Japan, ae published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrame for Vanadium Steela, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-Mo-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Compoaition: 0.09% C - 1.03% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.015% S - 0.010% P - 0.01% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.31% MO - 0.10% V - 0.09% Nb - 0.021% Al Auateniticed at 960C (176OOF)

SOURCE: P. Wellner, et al., Mirco-Alloyed Steel for Casting, SulEer Technical Review, 1976, No. 2, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrame for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-Mo-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.12% C - 1.72% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.005% S - 0.016% P - 0.20% MO - 0.06% V - 0.038% Nb - 0.068% Al - 0.0001% N Grain eke: ASTM 8 Auatenitkd at 910C (1670F)

SOURCE: T. Wada, et al, High Strength Steela for Pipeline Fittings, 1981, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrame for Vanadium Steela, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-Mo-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.14% C - 1.44% Mn - 0;.23% Si - 0.007% S - 0.011% P - 0.065% Cr - 0.23% Ni - 0.035% MO - 0.10% V - 0.03% Nb - 0.48% Cu - 0.028% Al - 0.013% N Auatenitked at 132OOC (2408F)

SOURCE: B.S.C. Laboratories, Rotherham, England, an published in Atlas of Continuoua Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1986


Mn-Mo-Si-Cr Steels

Composition: 0.061% C - 1.0% Mn - 1.0% Si Grain rice: 9.5 Auetenitisxd at 955OC (1750F) for 10 min

Composition: 0.08% C - 1.17% Mn - 0.70% Si - 0.62% MO Grain sise: 10.5 Austenitised at 956C (1750OF) for 10 min

SOURCE: S.S. Haneen, Optimication of Structure and Properties of As-Hot-Roiled Dual-Phase Steels, Mechanical Working k Steel Procerring XIX, proceedinga of the 2Srd Mechanical Working & Steel Processing Conference, Pittsburgh, 28-29 October, 1981, AIME, 1982, pp 1-22


Mn-Mo-Si-Cr Steels Composition: 0.061% C - 1.13% Mn - 0.77% Si - 0.28% Cr - 0.30% MO Grain nice: 10 AustenitiEed at 955C (1750F) 10 min

SOURCE: S.S. Hansen, Optimization of Structure and Properties of As-Hot-Rolled Dual-Phase Steels, Mechanical Working k Steel Processing XIX, proceedings of the 23rd Mechanical Working k Steel Processing Conference, Pittsburgh, 28-29 October, 1981, AIME, 1982, pp l-22


Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.04% C - 1.19% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.001% S - 0.002% P - 0.02% Cr - 0.02% Ni - 0.33% MO - 0.09% V - 0.01% Nb - 0.057% Al Auetenitised at QSOC (176OF)

SOURCE: P. Wellner, A. Mukherjee, H. Mayer, Micro-Alloyed Steel for Caeting, Sulser Technical Review, 2, 1976, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.04% C - 190% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.021% S -

0.019% P - 0.19% MO - 0.09% V - 0.02% Al - 0.009% N

Double deformed condition

SOURCE: Hardenability of Thermomechanically Worked Low Carbon, Mn-Mo-Nb and Mn-Mo-Nb-V Steels, Climax Molybdenum Report L-176-82, ae published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrame for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mo-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.04% C - 190% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.021% S - 0.019% P - 0.19% MO - 0.09% V - 0.02% Al - 0.009% N AustenitiEed at 925C (1700F)

Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.04% C - 130% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.021% S - 0.019% P - 0.34% MO - 0.09% V - 0.02% Al - 0.009% N Auetenitiaed at 925C ( 1700F)

Deformed and recrystallised at Q2SC (17OOF)

SOURCE: Hardenability of Thermomechanically Worked Low Carbon, Mn-Mo-Nb and Mn-Mo-Nb-V Steels, Climax Molybdenum Report L-176-82, ae published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.08% C - l.Q8% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.003% S - 0.006% P - 0.18% MO - 0.22% V - 0.020% Al - 0.005% N Austenitised at 1000C (1832OF)

SOURCE:P BSC Laboratories, Rotherham, England, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.08% C - 1.70% Mn - 0.50% MO - 0.10% V - 0.020% N Aurtenitised at QtOC (1724OF) for 5 min

SOURCE: Kawasaki Steel Corporation Research Laboratories, Japan, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.06% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.14% Si - 0.003% S - 0.018% P - 0.20% Cr - 0.02% Ni - 0.25% MO - 0.03% V - 0.01% Cu - 0.035% Al Austenitised at QSOC (1706F)

Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.07% C - 1.52% Mn - 0.47% Si - 0.008% S - 0.004% P - 0.01% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.27% MO - 0.05% V - 0.01% Cu - 0.064% Al Austenitised at QZOC (1688OF)

SOURCE: Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., Central Research Laboratories, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (AS Rolled) Composition: 0.07% C - 1.57% Mn - 0.49% Si - O.CW% S - 0.004% P - 0.01% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.27% MO - 0.05% V - 0.0005% B - 0.01% Cu - 0.066% Al Aurteniticed at QZOC (1688OF)

SOURCE: Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., Central Research Laboratories, ae published in Atlae of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.12% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.005% S - 0.004% P - 0.53% Cr - 1.11% Ni - 0.49% MO - 0.03% V - 0.30% Cu - 0.031% Al Aurtenitked at Q50cC (1742OF) for 20 min

SOURCE: T. Kunitake, et al., Toward Improved Ductility and Toughness, Climax Molybdenum, 1971 as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrame for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.16% C - 139% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.013% S - 0.016% P - 0.27% MO - 0.06% V - 0.018% Al - 0.004% N Austenitieed at Q30C (1706F) for 10 min

Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.17% C - 1.54% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.006% S - 0.012% P - 0.01% Cr - 0.02% Ni - 0.47% MO - 0.14% V - 0.002% Nb - 0.01% Cu - 0.010% Al - 0.006% N Austeniticed (a) at 930C (1706OF) for 76 min (b) at 1350C (2462OF) for 10 I

SOURCE: Kawaeaki Steel Corporation Research Laboratories, Japan, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.06% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.001% S - 0.016% P - 0.26% MO - 0.08% V - 0.04% Nb - 0.040% Al - O.OOS% N Aurtenitked at QSOOC (1706OF) for 10 min

SOURCE: Kawaeaki Steel Corporation Rerearch Laboratories, Japan, aa published in Atlaa of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagramn for Vanadium Steela, Vanitec, England, June 1985


MD-MO-V-N Steel Composition: 0.15% C - 1.49% bin - 039% Si - 0.018% P - 0.015% S - 0.50% MO - 0.16% V - 0.14% N Austenitised at 950% (t740F) for 1 h

SOURCE: Zhang Xiu-mu, Ke Guo-qing, Xia Dien-pei, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of HSLA Mn-MO-V-N Steel, HSLA Steels: Metallurgy and Applications, J.M. Gray et al, eda., ASM, 1986


Mn-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.05% C - 1.82% Mn - 0.39% Si - 0.012% S - 0.018% P - 0.06% V - 0.055% Nb - 0.011% Al - 0.011% N Austenitised at Q50C (1742OF)

SOURCE: J. Jurt, J. Motr, Giereereiforschung, 1976, 28 (4), aa published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1986

Mn-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.06% C - 1.21% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.001% S - 0.015% P - 0.31% Ni - 0.07% V - 0.043% Nb - 0.30% Cu - 0.041% Al - 0.003% N Grain rice: ASTM 7 Austeniticed (a) at 1050C (1932OF) (b) QSOC (1706OF)

SOURCE: Kawaeaki Steel Corporation Research Laboratories, Japan, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1986


Mn-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Compoeition: 0.07% C - 1.35% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.004% S - 0.006% P - 0.08% V - 0.025% Nb - 0.030% Al - 0.006% N Auatenitked at llOOC (2012OF) for 10 min

SOURCE: B.S.C. Laboratories, Rotherham, England, en published in Atlaa of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1986

Mn-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.08% C - 1.62% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.007% S - 0.023% P - 0.21% Cr - 0.10% Ni - 0.10% V - 0.05% Nb - 0.34% Cu - 0.02% Al - 0.008% N Austenitked at llOOC (2012OF) for Smin

SOURCE: T. Haehimoto, et al., Thermomechanical Processing of Microalloyed Austenite, TMS-AIME, 1982, as published in Atlea of Continuour Cooling Transformation Diagrama for Vanadium Steele, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.06% C - 1.69% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.001% S - 0.015% P - 0.31% Ni - 0.08% V - 0.043% Nb - 0.30% Cu - 0.040% AI - 0.003% N Grain nice: ASTM 7.7 Aurtenitised at 105OC (1932F)

SOURCE: Kawasaki Steel Corporation Research Laboratories, Japan, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mo-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.06% C - 233% Mn - 038% Si - 0.008% S - 0.025% P - 0.40% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.01% MO - 0.08% V - 0.048% Nb - 0.01% Cu - 0.035% Al Austeniticed at QOOOC (i652OF)

SOURCE: Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., Central Research Laboratories, aa published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.10% C - 1.63% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.010% S - 0.013% P - 0.01% MO - 0.07% V - 0.05% Nb - 0.046% Al - 0.007% N Auateniticed at 1000C (1832OF) for 2 min

SOURCE: Hoesch Estel Huttenverkaufskontor GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, aa published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mo-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.10% C - 1.48% Mn - 036% Si - 0.008% S - 0.01496 P - 0.019% V - 0.003% Ti - 0.023% Nb - 0.046% Al Austenitieed at 135OC (2462OF)

SOURCE: Rautaruukki Oy, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1986


Mn-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.11% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.002% S - 0.017% P - 0.09% V - 0.005% Ti* - 0.022% Nb - 0.021% Al Austenitired at QSOC (1742F) for 5 min

* wt% TiN

SOURCE: Nippon Kokan K.K. Technical Research Centre, Kawasaki, Japan, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrama for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-V Quenched and Tempered Steels Composition: 0.34% C - 131% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.10% V - 0.018% AI - 0.016% N Austeniticed at 925OC (17OOF) for 5 min

SOURCE: D.L. Sponseller, J.A. Straatman, Mechanical Working and Steel Processing XIX, KS-AIME, 1982, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-V Quenched and Tempered Steels Composition: 0.35% C - 1.62% Mn - 0.47% Si - 0.008% S - 0.001% P - 0.10% Cr - 0.10% Ni - 0.01% MO - 0.11% V - 0.14% Cu - 0.02% AI Austenitised at 890C (1634OF) for 10 min

SOURCE: Acciaierie E. Ferriere Lombarde Falck, Milan, Italy, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-V Quenched and Tempered Steels Composition: 0.88% C - 1.65% Mn - 0.80% Si - 0.016% S - 0.018% P - 0.02% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.12% MO - 0.07% V - 0.01% Cu - 0.021% AI Austenitised at 920C (1688OF)

SOURCE: Sumitomo Metal Industrier ltd., Central Research Laboratories, as published in AtIan of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-V Quenched and Tempered Steels Composition: 0.45% C - 1.84% Mn - 1.45% Si - 0.018% S - 0.022% P - 0.10% V Auetenitked at 900C (1652OF) for 10 min

SOURCE: Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing, China, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrama for Vanadium Steele, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.04% C - 1.90% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.021% S - 0.019% P - 0.09% V - 0.02% Al - O.OOQ% N

Deformed and recrystallized at Q2SC ( 1700F)

SOURCE: Hardenability of Thermomechanically Worked Low Carbon, Mn-Mo-Nb and Mn-MO-V Steels, Climax Molybdenum as published in Ath of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.08% C - 1.95% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.003% S - 0.010% P - 0.010% MO - 0.25% V - 0.037% Al - 0.008% N Austeniticed at llOC (2012F) for 6 min

SOURCE: B.S.C. Laboratories, Rotherham, England, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrama for Vanadium Steele, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.07% C - 1.94% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.003% S - 0.009% P - 0.010% MO - 0.14% V - 0.038% Al - 0.007% N Austenitiaed at llOOC (2012F) for 6 min

SOURCE: B.S.C. Laboratorier, Rotherham, England, a8 published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram8 for Vanadium Steelr, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.09% C - 1.48% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.060% S - 0.014% P - 0.010% Cr - 0.010% Ni - 0.010% MO - 0.04% V - 0.010% Cu - 0.047% AI Auateniticed at QSOC (1742OF)

SOURCE: Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., Central Research Laboratirer, acl published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram8 for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1986

Atlas of ?ime-Temperature Diagrams 301

Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.11% C - 1.23 % Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.018% S - 0.031% P - 0.08% V - 0.006% N Austenitised at QOOC (i625OF) for 5 min

Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.11% C - 1.23% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.018% S - 0.031% P - 0.08% V - 0.005% N Aurtenitised at llOC (2012OCF) for 6 min

SOURCE: Hoeech Estel Huttenverkaufskontor GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, aa published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrame for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

302 At/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams

Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.11% C - 1.40% Mn - 0.55% Si - 0.063% V Aurteniticed at 7QOC ( 1450F)

SOURCE: Y.J. Park, G.T. Eldin, Metallurgy of Continuous Annealed Sheet Steel, TMS-AIME, an published in Atlae of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.14% C - 1.52% Mn - 0.48% Si - 0.004% S - 0.011% P - 0.071% V Grain lice: ASTM 8 Austenitired at Q20C (1688OF) for 10 min

SOURCE: Central Iron and Steel Rerearch Inrtitute, Beijing, China, ae published in Atlae of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram for Vanadium Steela, Vanitec, England, June 1985


MO-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.14% C - 1.53% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.008% S - 0.009% P - 0.06% Cr - 0.03% Ni - 0.01% MO - 0.04% V - 0.02% CU - 0.057% Al AuatenitiGed at Q30C (1760OF)

SOURCE: Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., Central Research Laboratories, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.16% C - 090% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.05% V - 0.014% N Grain rice: ASTM 11

SOURCE: I. Lindberg, Vanadium Steels, Vanitec Seminar, Krakow, Poland, 1980, M publiehed in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

304 Atlas of 7ime-Temperature Diagrams

Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.15% C - 1.30% Mn - 0.27% Si - O.OOQ% S - 0.010% P - 0.15% Cr - 0.15% Ni - 0.04% MO - 0.13% V - 0.19% Cu - 0.02% Al - 0.010% N Aurtenitised at 900C (1652OF)

SOURCE: F. Capelli, M. Canava, Welding of HSLA (Microalloyed) Structural Steels, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 1976

Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.16% C - 1.42% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.021% S - 0.032% P - 0.025% V - 0.003% Ti - 0.002% Nb - 0.042% AI Aueteniticed at 1350C (2462F)

SOURCE: Rautaruukki Oy, a8 publirhed in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Tranrformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1986


Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.19% C - 1.44% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.007% S - 0.011% P - 0.10% Cr - 0.06% Ni - 0.01% MO - 0.17% V - 0.20% CU - 0.03% AI - 0.010% N Aucltenitised at QOOC (1652OF)

SOURCE: F. Capelli, M. Cavana, Welding of HSLA (Microalloyed) Structural Steelr, ASM International, Material8 Park, OH 1976

Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.20% C - 1.45% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.006% S - 0.012% P - 0.11% Cr - 0.10% Ni - 0.02% MO - 0.08% V - 0.14% Cu - 0.01% AI - 0.010% N Auatenitised at QOOC (1652F)

SOURCE: F. Capelli, M. Canava, Welding of HSLA (Microalloyed) Steels, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 1976


Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.20% C - 1.46% Mn - 034% Si - 0.008% S - O.OlS% P - 0.12% Cr - 0.10% Ni - 0.02% MO - 0.14% V - 0.19% Cu - 0.03% AI - 0.012% N Austenitised at QOOC (1652OF)

SOURCE: F. Capelli, M. Cavana, Welding of HSLA (Microalloyed) Structural Steels, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 1976

Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.06% C - 1.97% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.020% S - 0.006% P - 0.45% V - 0.029% Al - 0.009% N Austenitised at llOOC (2012OF)

SOURCE: BSC Laboratories, Rotherham, England as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.06% C - 2.00% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.005% S - 0.006% P - 0 - 0.45% V - 0.029% Al - 0.009% N Grain sise: ASTM 6-7 Austenitised at l150C (2102F) for 15 min

SOURCE: R.C. Cochrane, W.B. Morrison, Met. Tech, 1981, 8 (12), as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

hln-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.07% C - 1.99% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.004% S - 0.013% P - 0.48% V - 0.038% Al - 0.008% N Aueteniticed at 1000C (1832F) for 6 min

SOURCE: Hoesch Estel Huttenverkaufskontor GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.07% C - 190% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.006% S - 0.010% P - 0.08% MO - 0.43% V - 0.06% Al - O.OOQ% N Austenitised at 1150C (2102F)

SOURCE: A.M. Sage, Effect of Rolling Schedules on Structure and Properties of 0.45% Vanadium Weldable Steels for X70 Pipelines, Metals Technology, March 1981, es published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


h-V-N Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.07% C - 2.79% Mn - 0.18% V - 0.040% Al - 0.005% N Grain 8ise: ASTM 10-6 Austenitised at 1000C (1832OF) for 15 min

SOURCE: M. Darbin, P.R. Krahe, Conference Processing and Properties of Low Carbon Steels, TMS-AIME, 1973, an published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-V-N Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.16% C - 1.40% Mn - 0.04% Si - 0.012% S - 0.004% P - 0.11 V - 0.04% Al - 0.018% N Grain rise: ASTM 10.0 Austenitired at 900cC (1652OF) for 10 min

SOURCE: Microalloying 75, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

bin-V-N Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.17% C - 1.75% Mn - 0.20% Si - O-0.10% V - 0.02% Al - 0.038% N Austenitised above 900C (1652OF)

SOURCE: E.E. Blum et al, Fit. Metal; Metalloved, 22 (6), 1966 as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-V-N Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.17% C - 1.48% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.021% S - 0.034% P - 0.035% Cr - 0.075% Ni - 0.02% MO - 0.15% V - 0.04% cu - 0.028% Al - 0.018% Austenitised at 1320C (2408~~)

SOURCE: B.S.C. Laboratories, Rotherham, England, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Mn-V-N Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.19% C - 1.55% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.005% S - 0.013% P - 0.57% Ni - 0.13% V - 0.01% Al - 0.017% N Austenitired at 900C (1652F) for 5 min

SOURCE: Hoesch Eetel Huttenverkaufskontor GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-V-Nb-Ti Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.10% C - 1.50% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.007% S - 0.011% P - 0.022% V - O.OZS% Ti - O.OZS% Nb - 0.044% Al Auateniticed at 13SOC (2462OF)

SOURCE: Rautaruukki Oy, aa published in Atlaa of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrama for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1986


Mn-V-Ti Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.05% C - 1.17% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.016% S - 0.016% P - 0.04% V - 0.01% Ti Austeniticed at 1S50C (2462O~)

SOURCE: S. Kamacaw, M. Sato, Vanadium for the Improvement of Properties such as Weldability, Nippon Steels, 1976, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Mn-V-Ti Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.06% C - 1.27% Mn - 030% Si - 0.080% S - 0.009% P - 0.01% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.01% MO - 0.04% V - 0.01% Cu - 0.046% Al Grain rise: ASTM 6.8 Austenitised at Q50C (1742F)


Mn-V-Ti Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.10% C - 1.51% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.008% S - 0.033% P - 0.05% V - 0.013% Ti - 0.002% Nb - O.OSS% Al Austenitired at 13SOC (2462F)

SOURCE: Rautaruukki Oy, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Nb HSLA Steels Composition: 0.067% C - 1.23% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.040% Nb - 0.02% Al - 0.006% (max) N Composition: 0.066% C - 1.26% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.046% Nb - 0.08% Al - 0.006% (max) N Treatment: Austenitised for 30 min in an argon atmosphere in the test chamber immediately prior to testing. These temperatures were chosen to ensure the complete solution of the carbonitrides and to yield approximately the same initial austenite grain sise of - 100pm in all steels. The samples were then cooled to the test temperature at - lC/s, tested and quenched.

Dynamic TTP curves for the Nb and Nb-Al steels. Precipitation is retarded by the addition of 0.08% Al to the Nb steel. The rapid increase in the rate of precipitation at 875C (160SF) in the Nb-AI alloy is due to the transformation to ferrite during deformation at this temperature.

SOURCE: G. Wang, M.G. Akben, Effect of Al on Recrystallization and Precipitation in Nb HSLA Steels, HSLA Steels: Metallurgical Applications, J.M. Gray et al., Eds., ASM, 1986, p 163


Nb Steel Composition: 0.16% C - 1.41% Mn - 036% Si - 0.018% P - 0.017% S - 0.031% Nb - 0.020% sol. Al - 0.0054% N Austeniticed at 12SOC (2282OF) for 30 min

The effect of deformation below recrystallisation temperature on the CCT diagram in Nb steel

SOURCE: C. Ouchi, T. Sanpei, T. Okita, I. Kosasu, Microstructural Changes of Austenite During Hot Rolling and Their Effects on Transformation Kinetics, The Hot Deformation of Austenite, The Metallurgical Society of AIME, New York, 1977, pp 316-340


Nb Steel Composition: 0.10% C - 1.54% Mn - 0.0035% Si - 0.0016% P - 0.0012% S - 0.04% Nb - 0.0003% 0

Austenitked at QSOC (1740F), deformed (O-O.21 strain), then Austenitired at llSOC (2100F) for 15 min, deformed (O-O.21 cooled at various rates strain), then cooled at various rates

SOURCE: R. Priestner, M.S. Biring, Transformation of Low-Carbon Austenite after Small Plastic Strains, Metal Science Journal, Vol 7, 1973, pp 60-64


Carbide llP During Deformation and Recrystallization Nb Steels Composition: 0.06% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.014% Si - 0.002% P - 0.009% S - 0.006% Cu - 0.018% Nb - 0.061% Al - 0.004% N Composition: 0.05% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.045% Si - 0.002% P - 0.009% S - 0.006% Cu - 0.035% Nb - 0.057% Al - 0.004% N Treatment: Solution treated at llOOC (2012F) under argon for 30 min and cooled to the testing temperature at a rate of 1oc s-1

TTP diagram for O.O18%Nb steel and for O.OSS%Nb steel. TTP diagrams for O.OSS%Nb steel determined using high strain Precipitation begins slightly earlier for O.OSS%Nb steel and ends rate technique (open symbols) compared with those using low somewhat later strain rate technique (closed symbols)

TTP diagram for dynamic precipitation in O.O35%Nb steel compared with ( = 1.4 x 10-l s-l and (strain rate = 5 x 10m2 s-l) results for precipitation in predeformed austenite (5% strain)

S0URCE:J.J. Jonas, I. Weiss, Effect of Precipitation on Recrystallization in Microalloyed Steels, Metal Science, March-April 1979, p 238


Ni-V Structural Steels (As Rolled) Composition: 0.15% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.005% S - 0.007% P - 0.25% Cr - 1.07% Ni - 0.06% MO - 0.08% V - 0.15% Cu Austenitised at 9OOC ( lS52F)

SOURCE: Blondeau et al, High Strength Steels for Pipeline Fittings, 1981, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

A t/as of Time-TempTerature Diagrams 355

Prestressed Concrete Wires Composition: 0.67% C - 1.39% Mn - 0.76% Si - 0.009% S - 0.016% P - 0.03% Cr - 0.32% Ni - 0.19% V - 0.40% Cu - 0.002% Al - 0.010% Austenitiaed (a) at 10SOC (1922F) in 3 min held for 3 min (b) at 10SOC (1922F) in 3 min held for 3 min with 50% deformation at 850C (1562OF)

Prestressed Concrete Wires Composition: 0.69% C - 1.41% Mn - 0.70% Si - 0.009% S - 0.030% P - 0.05% Cr - 0.03% Ni - 0.19% V - 0.03% Cu - 0.006% Al - 0.007% N Austenitired (a) at 10SOC (1922OF) in 3 min held for 3 min (b) at 10SOC (1922OF) in 3 min held for 3 min with 60% deformation at 850C (1662OF)

SOURCE: Stahlwerke Peine-Salrgitter AG, Salagitter, Germany, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Rail Steels Composition: 0.65% C - 1.14% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.015% S - 0.024% P - 1.15% Cr - 0.15% V - 0.005% N Austeniticed (a) at QSOOC (1742OF) for 15 min (b) at 13OOOC (2372oF) for 1 min

SOURCE: II. Schmedders et al., Thyrsen Tech, Ber., (l), as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Rail Steels Composition: 0.73% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.010% S - 0.012% P - 1.58% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.46% MO - 0.05% V - 0.05% Cu - 0.010% Ai Aurteniticed at 885C (162ScF) for 20 min



Rail Steels Composition: 0.78% C - 1.61% Mn - 0.48% Si - 0.028% S - 0.014% P - 0.16% V - 0.18% Cu - 0.018% Al - 0.018% N Auatenitired at Q20C (1688OF) for 8 min

SOURCE: H.J. Wierter, et al., Stahl und Eiren, 79 (IS), 1959, aa published in Atlar of Continuour Cooling Transformation Diagrama for Vanadium Steele, Vanitec, England, June 1985


SAE 1513 + Nb (Cb) Compoosition: 0.12% C - 1.23% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.03% Al (with and without 0.036% Nb)

Effect of 0.036% Nb on transformation

SOURCE: F. de Kacinsky, A. Axnas, P. Pachleitner, Some Properties of Niobium-Treated Mild Steels, Jemkantorets Annaler, Vol 147, No. 408, 1963


Si-Mn Steel Composition: O.OQ% C - 0.81% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.017% P - 0.013% S - 0.11% Cu - 0.0060% N - 0.014% 0 (Carbon equivalent calculation 0.2SO%) Austenitised at 1350C (2460OF)

Si-Mn-Ti-B Steel Composition: 0.11% C - 1.16% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.013% P - 0.011% S - 0.08% MO - 0.10% Cu - 0.043% Ti - 0.0034% B - 0.0057% N - 0.020% 0 (Garbo n e q uivalent calculation 0.335%) Austenitised at 13SOC (2460OF)

SOURCE: Yoshinori Ito, Mutruo Nakanishi, Yu-ichi Komico, Effects of Oxygen on Low Carbon Steel Weld Metal, Metal Construction, Vol 14, No. 9, September 1982, pp 472-478


StE 47 (Ni-V) Composition: 0.21% C - 1.52% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.022% P - 0.023% S - 0.043% Al - 0.019% N - 0.07% Ni - 0.13% V Austenitieed at 900C (1652OF)

SOURCE: Atlas cur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 2, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1972


StE 47 (Cu-Ni-V) Composition: 0.12% C - 1.28% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.015% P - 0.016% S - 0.024% AI - 0.67% Cu - 0.62% Ni - 0.15% V Auatenitired at 900C (1652F)

StE 47 (Cu-Ni-Ti) Composition: 0.12% C - 1.28% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.015% P - 0.016% S - 0.021% Al - 0.67% Cu - 0.62% Ni - 0.18% Ti Austenitised at 900C (1652F)

SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 2, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1972


StE 47 (Ni-Ti) Composition: 0.17% C - 1.45% Mn - 0.55% Si - 0.016% P - 0.017% S - 0.065% Al - 0.74% Ni - 0.18% Ti Austenitised at 930C (1706F)



StE 70 (Cr-Mo-Zr) Composition: 0.17% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.54% Si - 0.019% P - 0.011% S - 0.031% Al - 0.019% AS - 0.89% Cr - 0.07% Cu - 0.40% MO - 0.05% Ni - 0.008% Np - 0.005% 02 - 0.008% Sn - 0.01% V - 0.09% Zr Austenitiaed at QSOC (1742F)



Tl Steel Composition: 0.16% C - 1.00% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.014% P - 0.023% S - 0.94% Ni - 0.53% Cr - 0.45% MO - 0.34% Cu - 0.004% Ti - 0.0014% B - 0.05% V - 0.008% Sn Grain sire: 7 Austenitked at 10QOcC (2OOOOF)

SOURCE: E.F. Nippes, W.F. Savage, R.J. Allio, Studier of the Weld Heat-Affected Zone of T-l Steel, Welding Research Supplement, Vol 36, December 1957, pp 5318-540s

A t/as of lime-Temperature Diagramsh 615

Ti Bearing Steels Composition: 0.072% C - 1.50% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.005% P - 0.010% S - 0.06% Ti - 0.01% Al - 0.0052% N Composition: 0.058% C - 1.67% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.005% P - 0.010% S - 0.11% Ti - 0.03% Al - 0.0062% N Composition: 0.075% C - 1.51% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.005% P - 0.010% S - 0.18% Ti - 0.02% Al - 0.0084% N Composition: 0.060% C - 1.43% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.005% P - 0.010% S - 0.25% Ti - 0.01% Al - 0.0070% N Austeniticed at 1270C (2318OF) for 0.05% Ti alloy, and 1280C (2336OF) for other alloys

TTP curves for 4 Ti bearing &eels

SOURCE: S.J. Liu, J.J. Jonas, Determination of the Kinetics of TIC Precipitation in Ti Microalloyed Steels Using a Stress Relaxation Technique, HSLA Steels: Metallurgy and Applications, J.M. Gray et al, Eds., ASM, 1986, p 253


Type: USS Cor-Ten Steel Composition: Fe - 0.12% C - 0.45% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.12% P - 0.31% Ni - 0.62% Cr - 0.26% Cu Grain site: 5-6 Austenitised at 899Oc (1650OF)

SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 196s as published in Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977


VAN-80 HSLA Steel Composition: 0.18% C - 1.28% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.004% P - 0.012% S - 0.09% V - 0.07% Al - 0.018% N Grain sire: 10.6 Aurtenitised at QOOC (1650OF)

SOURCE: Joner & Laughlin Steel Corporation an published in Metal Progresa


V-Mo-Ti Steel

Composition: 0.18% C - 0.81% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.40% Ni - 0.49% Cr - 0.17% MO - 0.056% Al - 66 ppm N Austenitised at 8SOC (1560OF) for 10 min

Composition: 0.20% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.10% Ni - 0.59% Cr - 0.09% MO - 0.07% V - 0.021% Al - 0.34% Ti - 150 ppm N Auetenitked at 8SOC (1560F) for 10 min

SOURCE: Stephen Preston, Influence of Vanadium on the Hardenability of a Carburieing Steel, Journal of Heat Treating, Vol 8, Springer-Verlag, 1990, pp 93-99


18Ni200 Maraging Steel Composition: 0.012% C -


18Ni250 Maraging Steel Composition: 0.02% C - 0.09% Mn - 0.09% Si - 17.8% Ni - 0.0021% B - 0.12% Al - 7.9% Co - 0.42% Ti Austenitired at 843C (1550OF) for 20 min

SOURCE: Witold W. Ciaa, hstenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT

18Ni300 Maraging Steel Comporition: 0.02% C - 0.07% Mn - 0.07% Si - 18.4% Ni - 4.9% MO - 0.003% B - 0.09% Al - 8.8% Co - 0.66% Ti Aurtenitised at S43OC (1550OF) for 20 min

18Ni350 Maraging Steel Compoeition: 0.908% C - 0.03% Mn - 0.03% Si - 17.4% Ni - 3.7% MO - 0.17% Al - 12.4% Co - 1.62% Ti Austeniti8ed at 843C (1550F) for 20 min

SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Phase Transformational Kinetic8 of Four 18% Nickel Maraging Steel8 on Continuous Cooling, Climax Molybdenum Company Ltd., a8 publirhed in Metallurgia and Metal Forming, December 1971


CrMoZr Structural Steel Composition: 0.17% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.54% Si - 0.019% P - 0.011% S - 0.89% Cr - 0.40% MO - 0.031% Al - 0.09% Zr Austenitised at 9SOC (17409) for 30 min

SOURCE: J. Degenkolbe, B. Musgen, Experiences with Quenched and Tempered CrMoZr-Alloyed Structural Steels, The Metallurg Companiee, Duaaeldorf, 1970, pp 61-80

Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams

Mo-MO-V Quenched and Tempered Engineering Steels Composition: 0.30% C - 1.91% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.009% S - 0.016% P - 0.67% MO - 0.07% V Austenitised at QOOC (1652F) for 15 min

Mn-MO-V Quenched and Tempered Engineering Steels Composition: 0.35% C - 1.51% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.007% S - 0.015% P - 1.29% MO - 0.21% V - 0.10% Cu Austenitised at QOOC (1652OF) for 10 min

SOURCE: Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing, China, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

A t/as of Time-Temperature DiagramsT 345

Mn-MO-V Quenched and Tempered Engineering Steels Composition: 038% C - 2.16% Mn - 0.32% Si - 2.02% Ni - 0.64% MO - 0.14% V Austeniticed at QOOOC (1652OF) for 10 min


At/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams 327

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.09% C - 0.94% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.008% S - 0.010% P - 0.10% Cr - 2.54% Ni - 0.64% MO - 0.04% V - 0.07% Cu - 0.029% AI Austenitised at Q30C (1706OF)


Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: O.OQ% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.57% Si - 0.010% S - 0.015% P - 2.00% Cr - 0.66% MO - 0.37% V - 0.18% Ti - 0.005 % B - 0.41% W Austenitised at 1030C (1886OF) for 10 min



Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: O.OQ% C - 1.01% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.009% S - 0.011% P - 0.52% Cr - 1.49% Ni - 0.62% MO - 0.06% V - 0.002% B - 0.25% Cu - 0.065% Al Austeniticed at Q30C (1708F)

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: O.OQ% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.013% S - 0.019% P - 0.12% Cr - 1.85% Ni - 0.53% MO - 0.04% V - 0.01% Cu - 0.031% Al Aueteniticed at 930C (1708OF)

SOURCE: Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., Central Research Laboratories, ae published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrame for Vanadium Steele, Vanitec, England, June 1986

Atlas of Time-Temperuture Diagrams 329

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.10% C - 2.00% Mn - l.OQ% Si - 0.005% S - 0.012% P - 1.80% Cr - 0.65% MO - 0.15% V Austeniticed at Q50C (1742OF) for 10 min

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.10% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.007% S - 0.012% P - 0.68% Cr - 0.85% Ni - 0.48% MO - 0.07% V - 0.001% B - 0.21% Cu Austeniticed at 950C (1742F) for 15

SOURCE: Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing, China, ae published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985


Quenched and Tempered Structural steels Composition: 0.11% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.012% S - 0.007% P - 0.66% Cr - 4.92% Ni - O.SS% MO - 0.08% V - 0.10% Cu - 0.04% Al Austenitired at 880C (1616F) for 10 min


Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.11% C - 0.85% Mn - 0.81% Si - 0.009% S - 0.007% P - 0.51% Cr - 1.80% Ni - 0.48% MO - 0.08% V - 0.002% B - 0.27% Cu - 0.077% Ai Aurtenitiwd at 980C (1706OF)



Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.11% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.005% S - 0.017% P - 1.08% Cr - 0.04% Ni - 0.81% MO - 0.22% V - O.OS% Cu - 0.01% Al Austenitired at 98OC (1796OF)

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.12% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.06% Si - 0.008% S - 0.007% P - 0.57% Cr - 2.62% Ni - 0.48% MO - 0.05% V - 0.002% B - 0.25% Cu - 0.062% Al Austenitised at 900C (1652F)


332 A t/as of ISme-Temperature Diagrams

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.12% C - 0.7S% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.003% S - 0.008% P - 5.75% Cr - 0.55% MO - 0.24% V - 0.16% Ti - 0.011% B - 0.26% W Austenitised at 970C (1778oF) for 10 min

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.12% C - 0.55% Mn - 0.68% Si - 0.010% S - 0.012% P - 2.05% Cr - 0.55% MO - 0.32% V - 0.08% Ti - 0.006% B - 0.32% W Austeniticed at 10SOC (1886OF) for 10 min


Atlas of lime-Temperature Diagrams 333

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: O.lS% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.56% Si - 5.43% Cr - 0.47% MO - 0.20% V - 0.16% Ti - 0.010% B - 0.19% W Aurtenitised at 1000C (1832F) for 10 min

SOURCE: Central Iron and Steel Rerearch Inrtitute, Beijing, China, ae published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steelr, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.13% C - 1.16% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.017% S - 0.018% P - 0.23% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.27% MO - 0.05% V - 0.01% Cu - 0.010% Al Austeniticed at Q20C (1688OF)

SOURCE: Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., Central R.eaearch Laboratories, M published in Atlaa of Continuous Cooling Tranrformation Diagram for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1085


SOURCE: Nippon Kokan KK, Technical Research Centre, Kawasaki, Japan, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.13% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.016% S - 0.010% P - 0.98% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.31% Mo - 0.20% V - 0.02% Cu - 0.010% Al Austeniticed at 966C (1769OF)


Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.14% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.54% Si - 0.006% S - 0.022% P - 1.43% Cr - 0.54% MO - 0.03% V - 0.006% Ti* Austenitieed at 930C (1706OF) for 10 min

* wt% TiN

Atlas of lime-Temperature Diagrams 335

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.15% C - 0.57% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.019% S - 0.013% P - O.SS% Cr - 0.91% Ni - 0.61% MO - 0.30% V - 0.032% Al Austenitised (a) at Q50C (174zF) (b) at QQOOC (1814OF)

SOURCE: M.G. Gemill, Steel Strengthening Mechanisms, 1969, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.14% C - 0.50% Mn - 030% Si - 0.005% S - 0.008% P - 038% Cr - 0.03% Ni - 0.55% MO - 0.27% V - 0.01% Cu - 0.010% Al Austeniticed at 930C (1706F)



Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.15% C - 3.06% Mn - 0.59% Si - 0.005% S - 0.020% P - 0.14% Cr - 0.04% Ni - 0.46% MO - O.OQ% V - 0.09% Cu - 0.70% W Austenitised at QOOC (1652F) for 10 min

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.15% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.011% S - 0.010% P - 1.27% Cr - 4.25% Ni - 0.45% MO - 0.10% V - 0.23% Nb Austenitised at QOOOC (1652F) for 10 min



Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.14-0.20% C - 0.60-1.00% Mn - 0.17-0.57% Si - _


Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.23% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.018% P - 1.55% Cr - 0.30% Ni - 0.29% MO - 0.21% V - 0.11% Cu Austenitised at 940% (1724OF) for 10 min

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.23% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.004% S - 0.015% P - 1.70% Cr - 3.60% Ni - 0.53% MO - 0.12% V Austenitised at QOOOC (1652F) for 10 min



Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.26% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.014% S - 0.010% P - 0.45% Cr - 0.81% Ni - 0.61% MO - 0.05% V

SOURCE: S. Mohammed, C.D. Lundin, The Effect of Welding Conditions on Transformation and Properties of the Weld HAZ of Low Alloy Steels for Use in Light Water Reactors, 63rd AWS Conference, Kansas City, April 1982, as published in Atlas of Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Vanadium Steels, Vanitec, England, June 1985

Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels Composition: 0.26% C - 1.67% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.015% S - 0.023% P - 0.05% Cr - 0.03% Ni - 0.11% Mo - 0.06% V - 0.01% Cu - 0.013% Al Austenitised at 920C (1688F) for 20 min



0.40% C - 0.3% MO - 0.2% Si - 8.0% Ni - 4.0% Co Steels (MO Additions)

Composition: 039% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.20% Si - 8.0% Ni - 3.89% Co Austenitised at Acg + SOC (S4OF) for 20 min

Composition: 0.39% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.22% Si - 7.78% Ni - 0.44% Mo - 3.87% Co Austenitised at Acg + 30C (S4OF) for 20 min

Composition: 039% C - 0.28% Mn - 0.20% Si - 8.04% Ni - 1.00% MO - S.QO% Co Austeniticed at Ac3 + SO% (649) for 20

SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT

7Atlas of Time-Temperuture Diagrams 227

506 Composition: 0.14% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.01% Si - 0.005% S - 0.09% P - 9.12% Ni - 4.07% Co Grain sise: 9 Austenitised at 840C (1544F) for SO min


Atlas of Time-Temperuture Diagrams 227

508 Composition: 0.325% C - 0.13% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.005% S - 0.09% P - 9.05% Ni - 4.07% Co Grain sise: lo-11 Austenitised at 790C (1454OF) for 30 min



9Ni-4Co Ultrahigh-Strength Steel 0.32% C - 0.13% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.090% P - 0.005% S - 9.05% Ni - 4.07% Co

SOURCE: L.J. Habraken, M. Economopoulos, Bainitic Microstructures in Low-Carbon Alloy Steels and Their Mechanical Properties, Transformation and Hardenability in Steele, Climax Molybdenum Company, 1967, pp 69-106


D-6ac High Strength Steel Composition: 0.45% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.55% Ni - 1.15% Cr - 1.0% MO - 0.05% V Austenitised at 9OOC (1650~)

SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, ASM, 1977

A t/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams

HY-180 Steel Comporition: 0.1% C - 0.1% Mn - 0.05% Si - 10.0% Ni - 8.0% co - 2.0% Cr - 1.0% MO

Steel cooled from Q80C (1800OF)

Steel cooled from 131SC (2400OF)

SOURCE: T.B. Cor, AM. Rorenstein, Transformations, Microstructures, and Properties of Continuously Cooled IONi-ZCr-lMo-8Co Steel, Report 3221 (AD 872858), Naval Ship Research and Development Laboratory, Annapolis MD, July 1970

40CAD6-12 Steel.pdf0.1C-0.24Mn-B Steel Influence of Plastic Deformation on Transformation.pdf0.1C-0.39Mo-B Steel Influence of Plastic Deformation on Transformation.pdf0.1C-0.66Mo-B Steel Influence of Plastic Deformation on Transformation.pdf0.2C-0.38Mo-B Steel Influence of Plastic Deformation on Transformation.pdf005.pdf006.pdf007.pdf19MNb6 Steel.pdfCarbon Steel Time Temperature Precipitation Diagram.pdfC-Mn Steels.pdfCr-V and Cr-V-Ti Quenched and Tempered Engineering Steels.pdfCu-Ni-Mo-Cb and 12Cr-1Mo-V Steel.pdfFe-Nb-C Alloy Steel Time Temperature Precipitation Diagram.pdfFerritic Steel Time Temperature Precipitation Diagram.pdfFe-V-C Alloy Steel Time Temperature Precipitation Diagram.pdfHot-Rolled Dual Phase Steel.pdfHSLA Steel.pdfHSLA Steels Time Temperature Precipitation Diagram.pdfHSLA Steels.pdfHT-50 Steel Time Temperature Precipitation Diagram.pdfLow C MnNiMoB Steel.pdfLow-Carbon Bainitic Steel Influence of Plastic Deformation on Transformation.pdfMn-Mo-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled).pdfMn-Mo-Si-Cr Steels.pdfMn-Mo-V Structural Steels (As Rolled).pdfMn-Mo-V-N Steel.pdfMn-Nb-V Structural Steels(As Rolled).pdfMn-V Quenched and Tempered Steels.pdfMn-V Structural Steels (As Rolled).pdfMn-V-N Structural Steels (As Rolled).pdfMn-V-Nb-Ti Structural Steels (As Rolled).pdfMn-V-Ti Structural Steels (As Rolled).pdfNb HSLA Steels Time Temperature Precipitation Diagram.pdfNb Steel Influence of Plastic Deformation on Transformation.pdfNb Steel Influence of Plastic Deformation on Transformation2.pdfNb Steels Time Temperature Precipitation Diagram.pdfNi-V Structural Steels (As Rolled).pdfPrestressed Concrete Wires.pdfRail Steels.pdfSAE 1513 + Nb (Cb).pdfSi-Mn and Si-Mn-Ti-B Steel Welding CCTs.pdfStE 47 (Ni-V).pdfStE47 (Cu-Ni-V) and StE47(Cu-Ni-Ti).pdfStE47 (Ni-Ti).pdfStE70 (Cr-Mo-Zr).pdfT-1 Steel Welding CCT.pdfTi Bearing Microalloyed Steels Time Temperature Precipitation Diagram.pdfUSS COR-TEN Steels.pdfVAN-80 HSLA Steel.pdfV-Mo-Ti Steel.pdf18Ni200, 18Ni250, 18Ni300, and 18Ni350 Maraging Steels.pdfCrMoZr Structural Steel.pdfMn-Mo-V Quenched and Tempered Engineering Steels.pdfQuenched and Tempered Structural Steels.pdf0.40% C-0.3% Mn-0.2% Si-8.0% Ni-4.0% Co Steels (Mo Additions).pdf506.pdf508.pdf9Ni-4Co Ultrahigh-Strength Steel.pdfD-6ac High Strength Steel.pdfHY-180 Steel.pdf

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