LÍNGUA INGLESA III

Rio de Janeiro / 2007

TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS À

UNIVERSIDADE CASTELO BRANCO

VICE-REITORIA DE ENSINO DE GRADUAÇÃO E CORPO DISCENTE

COORDENAÇÃO DE EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA

UNIVERSIDADE CASTELO BRANCO

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U n3p Universidade Castelo Branco. Língua Inglesa III. – Rio de Janeiro: UCB, 2007. 32 p.

ISBN 978-85-86912-52-8

1. Ensino a Distância. I. Título. CDD – 371.39

Universidade Castelo Branco - UCBAvenida Santa Cruz, 1.631Rio de Janeiro - RJ21710-250Tel. (21) 2406-7700 Fax (21) 2401-9696www.castelobranco.br

Responsáveis Pela Produção do Material InstrucionalResponsáveis Pela Produção do Material InstrucionalResponsáveis Pela Produção do Material InstrucionalResponsáveis Pela Produção do Material InstrucionalResponsáveis Pela Produção do Material Instrucional

Coordenadora de Educação a DistânciaCoordenadora de Educação a DistânciaCoordenadora de Educação a DistânciaCoordenadora de Educação a DistânciaCoordenadora de Educação a DistânciaProf.ª Ziléa Baptista Nespoli

Coordenador do Curso de GraduaçãoCoordenador do Curso de GraduaçãoCoordenador do Curso de GraduaçãoCoordenador do Curso de GraduaçãoCoordenador do Curso de GraduaçãoDenilson P. Matos - Letras

ConteudistaConteudistaConteudistaConteudistaConteudistaRosângela Ferreira Ramos

Supervisor do Centro Editorial – CEDISupervisor do Centro Editorial – CEDISupervisor do Centro Editorial – CEDISupervisor do Centro Editorial – CEDISupervisor do Centro Editorial – CEDIJoselmo Botelho

LÍNGUA INGLESA II

Apresentação

Prezado(a) Aluno(a):

É com grande satisfação que o(a) recebemos como integrante do corpo discente de nossos cursos de graduação,na certeza de estarmos contribuindo para sua formação acadêmica e, conseqüentemente, propiciandooportunidade para melhoria de seu desempenho profissional. Nossos funcionários e nosso corpo docenteesperam retribuir a sua escolha, reafirmando o compromisso desta Instituição com a qualidade, por meio de umaestrutura aberta e criativa, centrada nos princípios de melhoria contínua.

Esperamos que este instrucional seja-lhe de grande ajuda e contribua para ampliar o horizonte do seuconhecimento teórico e para o aperfeiçoamento da sua prática pedagógica.

Seja bem-vindo(a)!Paulo Alcantara Gomes

Reitor

Orientações para o Auto-Estudo

O presente instrucional está dividido em seis unidades programáticas, cada uma com objetivos definidos econteúdos selecionados criteriosamente pelos Professores Conteudistas para que os referidos objetivos sejamatingidos com êxito.

Os conteúdos programáticos das unidades são apresentados sob a forma de leituras, tarefas e atividadescomplementares.

As Unidades 1, 2 e 3 correspondem aos conteúdos que serão avaliados em A1.

Na A2 poderão ser objeto de avaliação os conteúdos das seis unidades.

Havendo a necessidade de uma avaliação extra (A3 ou A4), esta obrigatoriamente será composta por todos osconteúdos das Unidades Programáticas.

A carga horária do material instrucional para o auto-estudo que você está recebendo agora, juntamente com oshorários destinados aos encontros com o Professor Orientador da disciplina, equivale a 60 horas-aula, que vocêadministrará de acordo com a sua disponibilidade, respeitando-se, naturalmente, as datas dos encontrospresenciais programados pelo Professor Orientador e as datas das avaliações do seu curso.

Bons Estudos!

Dicas para o Auto-Estudo

1 - Você terá total autonomia para escolher a melhor hora para estudar. Porém, seja disciplinado. Procure reservar sempre os mesmos horários para o estudo.

2 - Organize seu ambiente de estudo. Reserve todo o material necessário. Evite interrupções.

3 - Não deixe para estudar na última hora.

4 - Não acumule dúvidas. Anote-as e entre em contato com seu monitor.

5 - Não pule etapas.

6 - Faça todas as tarefas propostas.

7 - Não falte aos encontros presenciais. Eles são importantes para o melhor aproveitamento da disciplina.

8 - Não relegue a um segundo plano as atividades complementares e a auto-avaliação.

9 - Não hesite em começar de novo.

SUMÁRIO

Quadro-síntese do conteúdo programático........................................................................................................ 99999

Contextualização da disciplina.............................................................................................................................. 1010101010

UUUUUNITNITNITNITNIT I I I I I

THE PARTS OF SPEECH..................................................................................................................................................1111111111

UUUUUNITNITNITNITNIT II II II II II

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE............................................................................................................................................. 12 12 12 12 12

UUUUUNITNITNITNITNIT III III III III III

SOME CATEGORIES OF VERBS.............................................................................................................................. 14 14 14 14 14

UUUUUNITNITNITNITNIT IV IV IV IV IV

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES.............................................................................................................................................. 1515151515

UUUUUNITNITNITNITNIT V V V V V

NOUN CLAUSE........................................................................................................................................................ 1717171717

UUUUUNITNITNITNITNIT VI VI VI VI VI

THE SIMPLE SENTENCE ....................................................................................................................................... 1818181818

Glossário ................................................................................................................................................................... 2323232323Gabarito ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2424242424Referências bibliográficas ....................................................................................................................................... 2929292929

9

1- THE PARTS OF SPEECH

2 - ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

3 - SOME CATEGORIES OF VERBS

4 - ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

5 - NOUN CLAUSE

6 - THE SIMPLE SENTENCE

UNIDADES DO PROGRAMA OBJETIVOS

Quadro-síntese do conteúdoprogramático

• Identificar a oração principal e a oração adjetiva.

• Reconhecer se um verbo é dinâmico, estático,ditransitivo, intransitivo, ou transitivo.

• Identificar a oração principal e a oração adverbial.

• Identificar a oração principal e a oração nominal.

• Identificar os tipos de frases.

• Identificar as partes do discurso.

10 Contextualização da Disciplina

Neste instrucional, você terá a oportunidade de conhecer a reestruturação frasal da língua inglesa.Esse estudo auxiliará você a identificar partes do discurso, tais como, transformações estilísticas etransitividade verbal.

11UNIT I

THE PTHE PTHE PTHE PTHE PARTS OF SPEECHARTS OF SPEECHARTS OF SPEECHARTS OF SPEECHARTS OF SPEECH

I - The parts of speech:1. Nouns – words that are the names of things,people or places.2. Pronouns – words that can be used insteadof nouns.3. Adjectives – words that qualify a noun.

4. Verbs – words that express the idea of anaction.5. Adverbs – words that we can add to a verbto make its meaning clearer.6. Preposition – words that are used with nounsand pronouns.7. Conjunction – words that are used to joinwords, phrases or sentences.8. Interjection – words that express a suddenfeeling or emotion.

1. Nouns – words that are the names of things, peopleor places.

2. Pronouns – words that can be used instead ofnouns.

3. Adjectives – words that qualify a noun.

4. Verbs – words that express the idea of an action.

5. Adverbs – words that we can add to a verb to

make its meaning clearer.

6. Preposition – words that are used with nouns andpronouns.

7. Conjunction – words that are used to join words,phrases or sentences.

8. Interjection – words that express a sudden feelingor emotion.

The Simple Sentence

It contains only one finite verb. It is composed ofthe subject and predicate.

Subject – word denoting the person or thing aboutwhich something is said.

Predicate – what is said about the subject.Transitive verbs – express an action that passes over

from the subject to someone or something else. Thereceiver of the action is called the object.

Enlargements

We may enlarge the verb, the subject or the object.He worked slowly. (enlargement of verb)

Exercises:

1) Name the parts of speech underlined:

a) It’s a hard work, but I know you work hard.b) The spring of my watch is broken.c) The dog tried to spring over the gate.d) I love spring flowers.e) My father gave me a watch.f) I’m going to watch a football match.

2) Divide the following sentences into subject, verb, object and their enlargements:

a) The bird built a nest.b) The train has stopped.c) Peter broke the window.d) My little sister was crying in the garden.

12UNIT II

ADJECTIVE CLAUSEADJECTIVE CLAUSEADJECTIVE CLAUSEADJECTIVE CLAUSEADJECTIVE CLAUSE

“The man who stands here will address the meeting.”

“Who stands here” – being a group of wordscontaining a subject and a predicate, is called a clause,

and as it is used exactly as an adjective to qualify theword “man” (subject of the main clause) it is called anadjective clause.main clause) it is called an adjective clause.

Exercises

1) Classify the main clause and the adjective clause:

Example: 1. [The boy [who is with him] is his son.]

Main clause: The boy is his son.

Adjective clause: who is with him.

2. The chairs which arrived are not the right ones.3. The book which I read last night was interesting.4. The girls who are in my class are good students.5. It was George who telephoned you.6. The movie which I saw last night was not good.7. He is the salesman who sold me the book.8. The magazine which is on the desk is an old one.9. The car which John used belongs to Mary.10. The man who called you is in the cafeteria.

Operator, auxiliary and predication

Elements of Grammar

Subject and predicate

Subject Predicate (what is said about the subject)John carefully searched the room.The girl is now a student at a large university.His brother grew happier gradually.It rained steadily all day.He had given the girl an apple.

given the girl an apple.

Sentence

Subject Predicate

Auxiliary Predication

hadHe

as operator

13Classification of operators

The verb expression may have several auxiliaries;eg.:

He should have been questioned by the police.

In such cases, it is the first auxiliary that acts asoperator.

Should he have been questioned by the police?No, he shouldn’t have been questioned by the police.Yes, he should.

Where the verb expression has no auxiliary in thepositive declarative sentence, do is introduced whenan operator is required.

It rained steadily all day.

Did it rain steadily all day.No, it didn’t.

The verb be can act as operator whether it is anauxiliary, as in:

John is searching the room.Is John searching the room?

Or not, as in:The girl is a student now. (main verb)Is the girl a student now?

The same is true to some extend (especially in BrE)for have:

He has a degree.Has he a degree?

Exercises

1) Follow the model:

Computers are fairly commonplace today.Subject: computersAre computers fairly commonplace today?Yes, they are.No, they aren’t.

a) We have a computer here. (give two different transforms)b) Full-scale computers use a large number of programs.c) These programs have to be changed from time to time.d) A special period will need to be set aside for this operation.e) We must change all the programs tomorrow.

2) Indicate by (S), (V), ( C), (O) or (A) whether the parts underlined in the sentences below are the subject, theverb, the complement, the object, or the adverb:

a) John carefully searched the room.b) The girl is now a student at a large university.c) His brother grew happier gradually.d) It rained steadily all day.e) He had given the girl an apple.

Objects and complements - Exercises

1) Indicate by Od, Oi, Cs or Co whether the parts underlined in the sentences below are the direct object (Od),the indirect object (Oi), the subject complement (Cs) or the object complement (Co):

a) Will someone get a doctor, quickly?b) George and Paul both became famous doctors.c) It’s so cold. I can’t get warm.d) He’s the chairman.e) He had given the girl an apple.f) The girl is now a student at a large university.g) I didn’t tell anybody anything.h) Show me your passport. Show me.

2) Classify the parts of the speeches:

a) John very carefully searched the room.b) They make him the chairman every year.c) He studied at a large university.d) He grew happier when his friend arrived.

14

Exercises

1) Indicate, by the letters a, b, c, etc., which of those terms could be applied to the verbs as they are used in thesentences below. Note that more than one label could be used in every case:

(a) dynamic(b) stative(c) ditransitive(d) intransitive

a) Do you understand the question?b) English and German are separate languages.c) He offered her his hand hesitantigly.d) Her mother made her that dress well.

UNIT III

SOME CASOME CASOME CASOME CASOME CATEGORIES OF VERBSTEGORIES OF VERBSTEGORIES OF VERBSTEGORIES OF VERBSTEGORIES OF VERBS

Dynamic verb – a verb such as ‘run’, ‘give’ or ‘slice’which describes an action.

Stative verb – a verb which describes a state; e.g.:be, live, know.

Ditransitive verb – a verb such as ‘give’, ‘take’, or‘sell’ which can have both an indirect and a directobject; e.g.: She gave me a kiss.

Intransitive verb – a verb which is used to talk aboutan action or event that only involves the subject andso does not have an object; e.g.: She arrived.

Transitive verb – a verb used to talk about an actionor event that involves more than one person or thing,and so is followed by an object; e.g.: She’s wastingher money.

15UNIT IV

ADVERBIAL CLAUSESADVERBIAL CLAUSESADVERBIAL CLAUSESADVERBIAL CLAUSESADVERBIAL CLAUSES

Exercises

1) Divide the sentences and classify them:

a) When I arrived at school, the bell rang.b) You will pass the examinations if you study hard.c) We need a hammer because I am going to repair the bed.d) They went swimming although the sea was rough.e) You must write the letter as you know.f) That was the house where we lived.g) When the rain fell we had already reached home.h) I haven’t seen him since he left school.i) If I dropped this it would explode.j) Although you don’t know him, you can still be quiet.

An adverb may qualify not only a verb, an adjectiveor another verb, but also a whole sentence, in whichcase, it is called a sentence adverb.

An adverbial clause is a group of words containing asubject and a predicate of its own and doing the workof an adverb: “He will leave when he can.” - when hecan, with the function of an adverb time, it is an adverbclause.

Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by thewords: when, as, since, before,after, while.

Where: place – I can’t go where you’re going.

Because: cause – I will go because I like you.

If: condition – If you go, I will go.

Although: concession – I will stay here althoughyou may go.

As: comparison – Do as I do.

Manner: You must sing as you know.

Conjunctions Used to Introduce AdverbialClauses

Time: when, whenever, while, as, since, after, before,until, as soon as, once, now (that),the moment (that)

Place: where, wherever

Manner: as, as if

Comparison: as, than, the + comparative

Reason or Cause: because, as, since

Purpose: so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, (inorder to, so as to: non-finite clauses)

Result: so that, so + adjective + that (result clausesassociated with degree), such...that

Condition: if, unless, whether, provided that,supposing, on condition that, as (or so) long as

Concession: although, though, even though, evenif, while, whatever, wherever, whenever, no matter

The Use of Infinitive Like Adverb

The infinitive, like the gerund, a verb-noun, a nounformed from a verb. It may be used with to, to qualifya verb, a noun or an adjective.

As an adverb with a verb, to express purpose.

He went out to look for a house.

As an adverb with an adjective.

They were not slow to see this.

16Exercises

1) Underline the use of infinitives as adverbs and classify the antecedent:

a) He went to London to learn English.b) They came here to study.c) She is coming tomorrow to speak with you.d) They went there three times to buy a house.e) She studied English well to get a new job.f) They walk quickly to get the train.g) He comes today to visit you.

17

Exercises

1) Pick up the noun clauses and describe the function of each:

a) It seems that he is not coming to the party.b) He said that he didn’t like my attitude.c) The trouble is that he doesn’t study.d) What he wants I don’t know.e) He always pay attention to what the teacher says.f) I am sure that your brother is ill.

UNIT V

NOUN CLAUSENOUN CLAUSENOUN CLAUSENOUN CLAUSENOUN CLAUSE

A noun clause is one which does the work of a noun.It can be:

1. The object of a verbe.g.: George said / that he has pleased to help you. Main clause Noun clause – the object of a verb

2. The subject of a verbe.g.: What you are doing / seems very difficult. Main clause Noun clause – the subject

of a verb

3. The object of a prepositione.g.: He insisted / on seeing you personally. Main clause Noun clause – the object of a

preposition

4. The complement of a verbe.g.: The fact is / that he doesn’t really try. Main clause Noun clause – the complement of

a verb

5. The complement of an adjectivee.g.: I am certain / that I posted the letter. Main clause Noun clause – the complement of

an adjective

18UNIT VI

THE SIMPLE SENTENCETHE SIMPLE SENTENCETHE SIMPLE SENTENCETHE SIMPLE SENTENCETHE SIMPLE SENTENCE

This story contains examples of different clausepatterns.

An unlucky thief

A man walked into a hotel, saw a nice coat, put itover his arm and walked out again. Then he tried tohitch a lift out of town. While he was waiting, he putthe coat on. At last a coach stopped and gave him alift. It was carrying forty detectives on their way homefrom a conference on crime. One of them had recently

become a detective inspector. He recognized the coat.It was his. He had left it in the hotel, and it had gonemissing. The thief gave the inspector his coat.

The inspector arrested him. ‘It seemed a good idea atthe time,’the man said. He thought himself ratherunlucky.

There are five elements that can be part of a clause.They are subject, verb, object, complement andadverbial.

BASIC CLAUSE PATTERNS

19All these seven clause patterns contain a subject

and verb in that order. The elements that come afterthe verb depend on the type of verb: for example,whether it is transitive or not.

Some verbs belong to more than one type. For example,think can come in these three patterns.

Intransitive (without an object): I’m thinking.

Transitive (with an object): Yes, I thought the same.

With object and complement: People will think mestupid.

Intransitive and Transitive Verbs

An intransitive verb cannot take an object, althoughthere can be a prepositional phrase after it.

The man was waiting at the side of the road.Something unfortunate happened.The man runs along the beach every morning.

Intransitive verbs usually express actions (peopledoing things) and events (things happening).

A verb can be intransitive in one meaning andtransitive in another. For example, run is transitive whenit means ‘manage’.

He runs his own business.

A transitive verb takes an object.The man stole a coat.Everyone enjoyed the conference.The driver saw the hitch-hiker at the side of the road.The man had no money.

Transitive verbs can express not only actions (stole)but also feelings (enjoyed, perception (saw) andpossession (had).

After some transitive verbs we can leave out theobject when it would add little or nothing to themeaning.

The man opposite was reading (a book).We’re going to eat (a meal).A woman was driving (the coach).

We can also leave out the object after these verbs:

Ask / answer (a question), draw / paint (a picture),enter / leave (a room / building), pass / fail (a test /exam), play / win / lose (a game), practise (a skill) , sing(a song), speak (a few words), study (a subject).

The following verbs can also be without an object ifthe context is clear: begin, choose, decide, hear, help,know, notice, see, start.

NOTE:There must be an object after discuss and deny.

The committee discussed the problem.He denied the accusation.

Transitive TransitiveThe driver stopped the coach. The coach stopped.He opened the door. The door opened.I broke a cup. The cup broke.Someone rang the bell. The bell rang.

The two sentences can describe the same event. Thetransitive sentence has as its subject the agent, theperson who made the event happen (the driver). Theintransitive sentence describes the event but does notmention the agent.

Here are some common verbs that can be transitiveor intransitive:

alter – begin – bend – boil – break – burn – change –close – cook – combine – continue – crash – develop– divide – drive – dry – end – finish – fly – freeze –hang – harden – hurt – improve – increase – join –melt – mix – move – open – pour – ring –roll – sail –separate – shake – shine – shut – slide – smash –soften – sound – spread – stand – start – stopstrengthen – swing – tear – turn – weaken – unite

NOTE:Raise is transitive, and rise is intransitive.

The oil companies will raise their prices.The price of oil will rise.

Linking Verbs

Linking verb + complement

A complement is an adjective phrase or a nounphrase. A complement relates to the subject: itdescribes the subject or identifies it (says who or whatit is). Between the subject and complement is a linkingverb, e.g.: be.

Many Verbs Can be either transitive or intransitive

20The hotel was quiet. The thief seemed depressed.The book has become a best-seller. It’s getting dark.A week in the Lake District would make a nice break.

These are the most common verbs in this pattern.

+ adjective or noun phrase: appear, be, become, look,prove, remain, seem, sound, stay

+ adjective: feel, get, go, grow, smell, taste, turn

+ noun phrase: make

There are also some idiomatic expressions which area linking verb + complement, e.g.: burn low, come good,come true, fall asleep, fall ill, fall silent, ring true, rundry, run wild, wear thin.

We can use some linking verbs in other patterns.

Linking: Your garden looks nice.Intransitive: We looked at the exhibition.

NOTE:• After seem, appear, look and sound, we use to be

when the complement is a noun phrase identifyingthe subject.

The woman seemed to be Lord Melbury’ssecretary.

But we can leave out to be when the noun phrasegives other kinds of information.

The woman seemed (to be) a real expert.

There is a special pattern where a complementoccurs with an action verb, not a linking verb.

We arrived exhausted.He walked away a free man.I came home really tired one evening.

We use this pattern in a very small number ofcontexts. We can express the same meaning in twoclauses: We were exhausted when we arrived.

Linking Verb + Adverbial

An adverbial can be an adverb phrase, prepositionalphrase or noun phrase. An adverbial after a linkingverb relates to the subject. It often expresses place ortime, but it can have other meanings.

The coat was here.The conference is every year.The drawings lay on the table. I’m on a diet.Joan Collins lives in style. The parcel went by air.

Linking verbs with adverbials are be, go, lie, live, sit,stand and stay.

Exercises

1) Divide each of the sentences below into its constituents parts, and label each part S, V, C, O or A:

a) Computers are fairly commonplace today.b) Did you ever eat chicken?c) Full scale computers have a large number of programs.d) Tomorrow will be a holiday here.e) These bookshelves are becoming every popular in Sweden.f) We have recently added an extra unit to them.g) Will you give it a try?h) We all read too many books quickly.

Review Exercises

1) Indicate whether the underlined verb phrases are stative or dynamic in the context given:

a) This tank holds precisely 10 liters.b) Hold the handle very firmly.c) Answer the question more precisely.d) He’s a fool. Don’t listen to him.e) I was a fool. I was driving too fast.f) We have only two tickets, I’m afraid.

2) Name the parts of the speech underlined:

a) He works fast.b) He is a fast worker.c) A late student came into the room.d) I got up late this morning.e) She stays at home.f) The boys are waiting for you.

213) Classify the main clause and the adjective clause:

a) Clark Gable, who starred in Gone with the Wind, was a famous actor.b) The boy who broke the window will have to pay for it.

Composition Work

1) Write one descriptive or explanatory paragraph (75 – 100 words) for each of the following, using eachsentence as the last sentence of your paragraph, and taking care to ensure that in each paragraph your use ofsentences is consistent.

1. Yesterday, I met an old man.2. I had found life difficult during the first week of my stay in a foreign country.3. What a lot of patience teachers must have!

22

Se você:

1) concluiu o estudo deste guia;2) participou dos encontros;3) fez contato com seu tutor;4) realizou as atividades previstas;

Então, você está preparado para asavaliações.

Parabéns!

23Glossário

Unidade I

nouns - nomesadjectives - adjetivosverbs - verbospreposition - preposiçãoconjunction - conjunçãointerjection - interjeiçãosubject - sujeitopredicate - predicadoenlargement - complementotransitive verb - verbo transitivo

Unidade II

Adjective clause - oração adjetiva

Unidade III

dynamic verb - verbo dinâmicostative verb - verbo estáticoditransitive verb - verbo ditransitivointransitive verb - verbo intransitivotransitive verb - verbo transitivo

Unidade IV

adverbial clauses - orações adverbiaistime - tempoplace - lugarmanner - modocomparison - comparaçãocause - causapurpose - propósitoresult - resultadocondition - condiçãoconcession - concessão

Unidade V

Noun clause - oração nominal

Unidade VI

patterns - padrões/ modelos

24Gabarito

Unit I

1) a) adjective / adverbb) nounc) verbd) adjectivee) nounf) verb

2)a) subject: the bird verb: built object: a nestb) subject: the train verb; has stoppedc) subject: Peter verb: broke object: the windowd) enlargement of subject: my little sister verb: was cryingenlargement of verb: in the garden

Unit II

1)2. Main clause: The chairs are not the right onesAdjective clause: which arrived

3. Main clause: The book was interestingAdjective clause: which I read last night

4. Main clause: The girls are good studentsAdjective clause: who are in my class

5. Main clause: It was GeorgeAdjective clause: who telephoned you

6. Main clause: The movie was not goodAdjective clause: which I saw last night

7. Main clause: He is the salesmanAdjective clause: who sold me the books

8. Main clause:The magazine is an old one.Adjective clause: which is on the desk

9. Main clause: The car belongs to Mary.Adjective clause: which John used

10. Main clause: The man is in the cafeteriaAdjective clause: who called you

Classification of Operators - Exercises

1)a) Subject: WeHave we or (Do we have) a computer here?Yes, we have or Yes, we do.No, we haven’t (or we don’t)

b) Subject: Full-scale computersDo full-scale computers use...?Yes, they do.No, they, don’t.

25c) Subject: These programsHave these programs to be changed from time to time?Yes, they have.No, they haven’t.

d) Subject: A special periodWill a special period need...?Yes, it will.No, it won’t.e) Subject: WeMust we change all the programs tomorrow?Yes, we must.No, we mustn’t.

2)a) John = Scarefully = Asearched = Vthe room = O

b) The girl = Sis = Vnow = Aa student = Cat a large university = A

c) His brother = Sgrew = Vhappier = Cgradually = A

d) It = Srained = Vsteadily = Aall day = A

e) He = Shad given = Vthe girl = Oan apple = C

Objects and complements - Exercises

1)

a) a doctor = Od

b) famous doctors = Cs

c) so cold = Cs warm = Cs

d) chairman = Cs

e) the girl = Oi

f) a student = Cs

g) anybody = Oi anything = Od

h) me = Oi your passport = Od me = Oi

2)a) noun = Johnadverb = very, carefullyverb = searcharticle = the

26b) noun = chairmanpronoun = they, himarticle = theadverb = every yearverb = make

c) pronoun = heverb = studiedpreposition = atarticle = aadjective = largenoun = university

d) pronoun = heverb = grow, arriveadverb = happierconjunction = whenpronoun = hisnoun = friend

Unit III

1) a) stativeb) stative / intransitivec) dynamic / ditransitived) dynamic / ditransitive

Unit IV

1) a) When I arrived at school = adverb clause of timethe bell rang = main clause

b) You will pass the examinations = main clauseif you study hard = adverb clause of condition

c) We need a hammer = main clausebecause I am going to repair the bed = adverb clause of cause

d) They went swimming = main clausealthough the sea was rough = adverb clause of concession

e) You must write the letter = main clauseas you know = adverb clause of manner

f) That was the house = main clausewhere we lived = adverb clause of place

g) when the rain fell = adverb clause of timewe had already reached home = main clause

h) I haven’t seen him = main clausesince he left school = adverb clause of time

i) If I dropped this = adverb clause of conditionit would explode = main clause

j) Although you don’t know him = adverb clause of concessionyou can still be quiet = main clause

27The use of infinitive like adverb - Exercises1)a) placeb) placec) timed) timee) mannerf) mannerg) time

Unit V

1)a) Main clause = It seemsNoun clause - the object of a verb = that he is not coming to the party

b) Main clause = He saidNoun clause - the object of a verb = that he didn’t like my attitude

c) Main clause = The trouble isNoun clause – the complement of a verb = that he doesn’t study

d) Main clause = what he wantsNoun clause - the subject of a verb = I don’t know

e) Main clause = He always pay attentionNoun clause – the object of a preposition = to what the teacher says

f) Main clause = I am sureNoun clause – the complement of an adjective = that your brother is ill

Unit VI

1)a) subject = computersverb = arecomplement = fairly commonplaceadverb = today

b) verb = didsubject = youadverb = eververb = eatobject = chicken

c) subject = full scale computersverb = haveobject = a large number of programs

d) adverb = tomorrowverb = will besubject = a holidayadverb = here

e) subject = these bookshelvesverb = are becomingcomplement of subject = very popularadverb = in Sweden

28f) subject = weverb = haveadverb = recentlyverb = addeddirect object = an extra unitindirect object = to them

g) verb = willsubject = youverb = giveobject = itobject = a try

h) subject = we allverb = readobject = too many booksadverb = quickly

Review Exercises1)a) stativeb) dynamicc) dynamicd) stative / dynamice) stative / dynamicf) stative / dynamic

2)a) works = verb fast = adverbb) fast = adjective worker = subjectc) late = adjectived) late = adverbe) she = pronoun / subjectf) the = article

3)a) Main clause = Clark Gable was a famous actorAdjective clause = who starred in Gone with the wind

b) Main clause = The boy will have to pay for itAdjective clause = who broke the window

29Referências Bibliográficas

ALEXANDER, L. G. Longman English Grammar Practice. 4 ed. USA: Longman, 1995.BRIGGS, Sandra J. Grammar: Strategies and Practice. The United States: ScottForeman, 1994.EASTWOOD, John. Oxford Guide to English Grammar. New York: Oxford, 1994.GRAVER, B. D. Advanced English Practice. 3 ed. New York: Oxford, 1986.LEECH, G. and SVARTVIK, J. A Communicative Grammar of English. 6 ed. London: Longman, 1998.MURPHY, Raymond. Basic Grammar in use. The United States: Cambridge University Press, 1994.SWAN, Michael & WALTER, Catherine. How English Works. A Grammar Practice Book. New York: Oxford, 2000.__________. The Good Grammar Book. New York: Oxford, 2003.VINCE, Michael. Essential Language Practice. Oxford: Macmillan Heinemann, 2000.

LÍNGUA INGLESA II