Los errores del constructivismo

7/28/2019 Los errores del constructivismo

1/22

JD_C\F

KF_ JWWFWJ_ EJK OFD_UWZOULXL_IF*

Hrljerlom C$ Mcyjn**

Ofif kf sjckc jk prfplf cutfr ejsej ud ofiljdzf+ jk prfpsltf ej jstj jdscyfjs c`ustcr oujdtcs ofd udf ej kfs is jxtjdelefs jrrfrjs oljdthlofs prfvj)dljdtjs ejk rcolfdcklsif ocrtjslcdf$ Gc`f su ldhku`f+ elstldtfs pjdscefrjsej jstc pfoc tljdejd c rjprjsjdtcr kcs hfricolfdjs sfolckjs df skf ofif udprfeuotf ejklgjrcef ej kc vfkudtce muicdc sldf+ cejis+ ofif udc ofds)truoold f tj`lef quj jk ldelvleuf y kcs oljdolcs pujejd ifkejcr f ifelhlocr

c su cdtf`f$ Kfs jhjotfs ej jstc sujrtj ej vfkudtcrlsif utlkltcrlf sj mcd mjomfsjdtlr jd ud cipklf cgcdlof ej elsolpkldcs y ofdvloolfdjs quj sj mcd cgljr)tf ocildf jd kc sfolfkfac+ kcs oljdolcs pfktlocs+ kc jofdfic+ jk ejrjomf jldokusf jd kc slofkfac$ Ejsej kujaf ck hjdijdf df sfd c`jdcs kcs prjtjd)slfdjs ej rjldvjdtcr y rjejhldlr ejsej sus oliljdtfs jk frejd jxlstjdtj jd kc

* Jstj jdscyf ofrrjspfdej c kc ofdhjrjdolc prfdudolcec pfr jk cutfr jk71 ej jdjrf ej 3 Jk Zsf ejkOfdfoliljdtf jd kc _foljece -D 37, j Ldelvleucklsif0 jk Xjrecejrf

y jk Hcksf -D 77,$


2/22

=8 J_UZELF_ RGKLOF_

sfoljece+ mcoljdef cgsfkutc cgstrcoold ej kfs vckfrjs+ supujstfs y ofdsjd)sfs sfgrj kfs ouckjs jsj frejd ejsocdsc$Jk pkcdtjciljdtf ej Mcyjn df js dl iuomf ijdfs udc jxmfrtcold c ej`crkcs ofscs ofif jstd f c susorlglr ej icdjrc cortloc kfs prldolplfs y vckf)rjs mjrjecefs$ Rfr jk ofdtrcrlf+ su rjhkjxld jdtrjac frljdtcolfdjs quj sfdvcklfscs pcrc lkuildcr coolfdjs trcdshfricefrcs ej kc sfoljece quj sjcdhcotlgkjs ck ilsif tljipf quj jhlocojs$

3 Ij pcrjol djojscrlf ldtrfeuolr jk trildf 'ofdstruotl)vlsif'3 pcrc ejsladcr jspjohlocijdtj ud ifef ej pjdscrquj jd hfric jdacfsc mc slef c ijduef ejsorltf jd jk pcsc)ef ofif 'rcolfdcklsif'$7

Kc ofdojpold gsloc ej jstj ofdstruotlvlsif pujej sjrqulzs jxprjscec jd kc hfric is slipkj pfr kc hriukc+cpcrjdtjijdtj ldfojdtj+ quj jxprjsc quj+ mcgljdef orjcefjk mfigrj kcs ldstltuolfdjs ej kc sfoljece y ej kc olvlklzcold+ejgj sjr tcigld jk ilsif mfigrj ocpcz ej cktjrcrkcs c suvfkudtce pcrc sctlshcojr sus cdmjkfs f ejsjfs$ Mcoj yc ocsl:2 cfs ejsej quj+ ofd arcd liprjsld+ f pfr prlijrc vjz ejjstc hriukc$?

Jd ud prldolplf kc ofdscglec hrcsj quj jk mfigrj

'orj' su olvlklzcold y sus ldstltuolfdjs pujej cpcrjojr of)if ckaf ldfouf y trlvlck$ Rjrf cpjdcs sj cipkc+ ofif sj mc)oj hrjoujdtjijdtj pcrc sladlhlocr quj jk mfigrj jrc ocpczej mcojrkf pfrquj jstcgc eftcef ej rczd+ kcs lipklocolfdjssfd oujstlfdcgkjs$ Jk mfigrj ocrjoc ej rczd cdtjs ej kc ol)vlklzcold$ Cigcs jvfkuolfdcrfd `udtcs$ Dfs gcstc ofdslej)rcr jk kjdauc`j+ quj mfy ec dcelj pljdsc quj huj 'ldvjdtcef'pfr ud sjr rcolfdck+ pcrc vjr qu rczd y olvlklzcold sj ej)scrrfkkcd jd ofdstcdtj ldtjrcoold iutuc$ Rjrf cqujkkf quj

3 Xjr il ofdhjrjdolc jd Ufnlf jd 3


3/22

KF_ JWWFWJ_ EJK OFD_UWZOULXL_IF =1

cmfrc df oujstlfdcifs jd rjkcold ck kjdauc`j -cud oucdefjstf js ofipcrctlvcijdtj rjoljdtj, df js ej ifef ckaudfcojptcef rjspjotf ej kc ifrck+ kc kjy+ kcs ejstrjzcs ej kc crtj)scdc f ej kcs ldstltuolfdjs sfolckjs$ Jstcifs cd holkijd)tj prfpjdsfs c ecr pfr sjdtcef quj jstfs hjdijdfs+ quj sfdjvlejdtjijdtj jk rjsuktcef ej coolfdjs muicdcs+ tcigldejgjd mcgjr slef ofdojglefs pfr udc ijdtj muicdc jd olr)oudstcdolcs orjcecs pcrc kfs fg`jtlvfs quj kj sfd tlkjs+ js ej)olr+ quj sfd kf quj Icx Qjgjr kkcicgc kfs prfeuotfs wjrt)rc)tlfdckj$5 Jd sdtjsls+ sj dfs ldeuoj jrrdjcijdtj c pjdscrquj kc ifrck+ kc kjy+ kcs crtjs y kcs ldstltuolfdjs sfolckjs puj)ejd `ustlhlocrsj skf jd oucdtf ofrrjspfdecd c ud prfpsltf

prjofdojglef$Js sladlhloctlvf quj jstf sjc ud jrrfr quj ofijtjifs s)kf jd rjkcold ofd kfs hjdijdfs ej dujstrc olvlklzcold$ _lud jtdkfaf f ud cdtrfpkfaf sfolck ldtjdtc ofiprjdejrftrcs oukturcs+ df euec ej quj sus iljigrfs df tljdjd hrj)oujdtjijdtj dldaudc lejc ej kc rczd pfr kf ouck fgsjrvcdrjakcs jspjohlocs+ f ej qu ejpjdej jkkf$ _ld jigcraf+ kc ic)yfrc ej kfs tjrlofs sfolckjs ifejrdfs sfd ajdjrckijdtj rjc)olfs c ceiltlr quj jstf ilsif sj cpkloc c dujstrc olvlklzc)old$ Ucipfof scgjifs ofd iuomc hrjoujdolc oukjs sfd

kfs gjdjhlolfs quj ejrlvcifs ej kcs ofstuigrjs ej dujstrc sf)oljece+ y tckjs tjrlofs ofdslejrcd jk csudtf ijrcijdtj of)if udc ejhloljdolc kcijdtcgkj quj ejgjrc sjr jklildcec kfis prfdtf pfslgkj$7 Jd udc grjvj elsjrtcold df sj pujej trczcr kc mlstfrlcej jstfs prfgkjics quj mj sjckcef jd kfs ktlifs cfs$:_kf ijdolfdcr quj yc jrcd hcilklcrjs c kfs cdtlaufs arlj)afs$ Kc eloftfic ilsic jdtrj kcs jstruoturcs ej kf 'dctu)rck' y kf 'crtlhlolck'+ quj ldtrfeu`jrfd kfs cdtlaufs arljafs+mc efildcef jstc elsousld pfr efs ilk cfs$ Jstc elstld)

old ej kfs arljafs jdtrj kf dcturck y kf crtlhlolck+ ejsarcolc)ecijdtj+ mc kkjacef c sjr jk icyfr fgstoukf pcrc tfef prf)arjsf uktjrlfr+ yc quj+ ldtjrprjtcec ofif udc cktjrdctlvcjxokuyjdtj+ df skf js ciglauc sldf+ cud is+ ejhldltlvc)ijdtj hcksc$ Ofif huj okcrcijdtj elsojrdlef pfr kfs hlksf)hfs sfolckjs jsofojsjs ejk slakf ]XLLL -cud oucdef kfs ktl)

5

:

Xjr Qlrtsomcht ude Ajsjkksomcht+ ej Icx Qjgjr+ Ugldac+ 3


4/22


5/22

KF_ JWWFWJ_ EJK OFD_UWZOULXL_IF =

7 Wjakcs quj c pjscr ej mcgjr slef jstcgkjolecs jd pckc)

grcs+ tfecvc jxprjscd slipkjijdtj jd hfric cprfxl)icec+ kf quj ejsej mcoj tljipf mc slef fgsjrvcef jd kccoold+ y

? Wjakcs quj mcd slef ldtrfeuolecs ejklgjrcecijdtj y+pfr kf tcdtf+ jxlstjd djojscrlcijdtj ofif pckcgrcs els)pujstcs jd hrcsjs$

Kfs ofdstruotlvlstcs qulsljrcd rjomczcr jk prlijrf y jksjaudef arupf ej rjakcs y cojptcr ofif vklef skf jk tjrojrarupf quj mj ijdolfdcef$

5 Ouk js+ jdtfdojs+ jk frlajd ej cqujkkcs rjakcs quj sl)aul kc icyfrc+ pjrf quj pfofs f ocsl dldaudf pujej hfriu)kcr jd pckcgrcs6 Iuomf cdtjs quj Ocrkfs Ecrwld+ kfs tjrl)ofs ej kc sfoljece+ y jspjolckijdtj cqujkkfs ejk kjdauc`j+mcgcd ecef kc rjspujstc ej quj jd jk prfojsf ej trcdsil)sld oukturck+ jd jk ouck kcs hfrics cojptcecs ej ofdeuotc sjtrcdsiltjd ej ajdjrcold jd ajdjrcold+ tljdj kuacr ud prf)ojsf ej sjkjoold jd jk ouck prjvckjojd cqujkkcs hfrics ejofdeuotc quj kkjvcd c kc orjcold ej ud frejd is jhloljdtjpcrc tfef jk arupf+ pfrquj tckjs arupfs prjvckjojrd sfgrjftrfs$35Zd pudtf quj djojsltc jspjolck dhcsls+ yc quj ofd tcd)tc hrjoujdolc sj ickldtjrprjtc+ js quj+ ej dldaudc icdjrc+ouckquljr rjaukcrlece ej ofdeuotc jdtrj kfs ldelvleufs prf)euoj ud frejd cpklocgkj pcrc jk tftck ej kc sfoljece$ Rfr kftcdtf+ kc ofdeuotc rjaukcr ldelvleuck df lipkloc djojscrlc)ijdtj ud frejd+ pjrf oljrtcs rjaukcrlecejs jd kc ofdeuotcej kfs ldelvleufs kkjvcd c ud frejd vklef pcrc kc tftckleceej jkkfs$ Jk frejd ej kc sfoljece js+ pfr kf tcdtf+ ud jstcef ejofscs rjck quj ejgj elstldaulrsj ej kc rjaukcrlece ej kc ofd)euotc ej kfs ldelvleufs$

35 Xjr sfgrj jstfs 'Ecrwldlcdfs cdtjs ej Ecrwld' jd kcs oljdolcs sfolc)kjs+ ils jdscyfs 'Kfs rjsuktcefs ej kc coold muicdc quj df js ej ofd)ojpold muicdc' y 'Kc hlkfsfhc `ureloc ej Ecvle Muij'+ jd _tueljsld Rmlkfsfpmy+ Rfkltlos cde Jofdfilos$


9/22

KF_ JWWFWJ_ EJK OFD_UWZOULXL_IF


10/22

38 Oh$ c jstj rjspjotf+ N$ W$ Rfppjr+ Kc _foljece cgljrtc y sus jdjilafs+Rrldojtfd D$ @$+ 3 tcigld jk C Urj)ctlsj fd Muicd Dcturj jd Qfrns+ ej Ecvle Muij+ je$ U$ M$ Arjjd y


11/22



12/22


13/22

KF_ JWWFWJ_ EJK OFD_UWZOULXL_IF y hldckijdtj+ ejspus sjad orjf+ kc tftcklece ejksfolcklsif$

Jd jk ocsf ejk utlkltcrlsif+ jstc ocrcotjrstloc sj ej)iujstrc okcrcijdtj jd su hfric frlaldck y jxokuslvlstc+ qujcmfrc sj elstldauj ajdjrckijdtj ofif 'utlkltcrlsif ej co)tf' hrjdtj ck 'utlkltcrlsif ej rjakc'$

_kf jk utlkltcrlsif ej cotf js hljk c kc lejc frlaldck ej

quj tfec ejolsld ldelvleuck ejgj fgsjrvcrsj jd kc utlklece sf)olck pjrolglec jd sus jhjotfs pcrtloukcrjs+ iljdtrcs quj jk utl)kltcrlsif ajdrlof f utlkltcrlsif ej rjakc+ ofif sj dc prfg)

3= _ystij ej kc pfkltlquj pfsltlvj ej Cuaustj Ofitj+ Rcrs+ 3=:5+ Xfk$ L+p$ ?:80 'Kc suprlfrlt ej kc ifrck eifdtrj sur kc ifrck rjvkj#'


14/22


15/22



16/22

322 J_UZELF_ RGKLOF_

ofd kfs elfsjs mjgrjfs+ y ofdtrc tfec tjdtctlvc ej ociglcr kcsvlj`cs y jqulvfocecs uscdzcs j lejcs$ _j mc prjtjdelef+ rjs)

pjotf ejk ejsougrliljdtf ej ouckquljr jxtjdsld ej kc vjr)ece+ quj jklildcr jk ofdojptf ej vjrecejrf f jrrdjf prfeuol)rc ajdtj ldolvlklzcec+ ldifrcklece+ cdcrquc y ocfs sfolck$Kc rjcklece js quj kc icyfrc ej kfs slqulctrcs y slokfafs yiuomc ftrc ajdtj rjspjtcgkj sj mcd klgjrcef ej jstcs ocej)dcs ifrckjs y sfd ocpcojs ej fgsjrvcr y ej pjdscr klgrjijd)tj$$$ _l ejgjifs jicdolpcr kc rczc ej su iutlkcdtj hcref ejkgljd y ejk ick+ ejgjd sjr kfs slqulctrcs kfs quj tfijd kc rjs)pfdscglklece ldlolck$ Jstf js ud ejschf quj ejgj jdhrjdtcr)sj$$$ @udtf c kcs ejis oljdolcs muicdcs+ kc slqulctrc ejgj

ejolelr cmfrc ouk sjr jk huturf ldijelctf ej kc rczc muic)dc$ Dcelj is pfer mcojrkf$ \ js stc kc rjspfdscglkleceprlicrlc ej kc slqulctrc'$77

Rcrjoj quj dudoc sj kj fourrl c Omlsmfki quj kcs rj)akcs ifrckjs df slrvjd elrjotcijdtj c kc sctlshcoold ej kfsejsjfs ldelvleuckjs+ sldf sfd djojscrlcs pcrc cpfycr jk hud)olfdciljdtf ej ud frejd> y cud is pcrc eficr oljrtfsldstldtfs quj jk mfigrj mjrje oucdef vlvc jd arupfs pjquj)

77 'Umj rj)jstcgklsmijdt fh pjcojtlij sfoljty'+ ej Ajfraj Grfon Omls)mfki+ Umj Qlkklci Ckcdsfd Qmltj Ijifrlck Kjoturjs+ sjaudec sjrlj+Rsyomlctry$ Xfk$ L]+ D ?+ hjgrjrf+ 3


17/22

KF_ JWWFWJ_ EJK OFD_UWZOULXL_IF 323

fs jd kfs ouckjs trcdsourrl kc icyfr pcrtj ej su jvfkuold$Rujej sjr quj ud grgcrf ldofrrjalgkj sj rjsljdtc pfr jstcs

rjstrloolfdjs+ pjrf sfd rjckijdtj kfs slqulctrcs kc cutfrl)ece ofipjtjdtj pcrc ecrdfs udc dujvc ifrck6Omlsmfki jxprjsc hldckijdtj kc jspjrcdzc ej quj efs

f trjs ilkkfdjs ej slqulctrcs jxpjrlijdtcefs+ ofd jk cpfyf ejudc cprfplcec todloc ej vjdtc+ pfercd prfdtf kfarcr qujkfs mfigrjs sj klgjrcrcd ejk ofdojptf 'pjrvjrsf' ej kf vjrec)ejrf f kf jrrdjf$ Rcrjoj quj c vjojs mcd tjdlef ejicslcefxltf jd jstj sjdtlef$

Il sjaudef j`jipkf ofdtjipfrdjf ej kc ejstruooldej kfs vckfrjs pfr jk jrrfr oljdthlof js tficef ej kc `urlspru)ejdolc$ Df js djojscrlf jd jstc focsld lejdtlhlocr ck cutfrejk csjrtf quj oltcr ofif pjrtjdjoljdtj c kc ilsic octjaf)rc$ Rrfvljdj dcec ijdfs quj ej udc arcd hlaurc ofif jsil cdtlauf prfhjsfr jd kc Zdlvjrslece ej Xljdc+ Mcds Njk)sjd$

Jstj dfs csjvjrc quj 'kc `ustlolc js udc lejc lrrcolf)dck'+ y ofdtldc07? 'Ejsej jk pudtf ej vlstc ej kc ofadlold rc)olfdck+ skf jxlstjd kfs ldtjrjsjs ej kfs sjrjs muicdfs y jdofdsjoujdolc kfs ofdhklotfs ej ldtjrs$ Kc sfkuold ej jstfpujej tjdjr frlajd yc sjc ijelcdtj kc sctlshcoold ejk ldtj)rs ej udf+ c ofstc ej cqujk ejk ftrf+ f pfr udc trcdscooldjdtrj kfs efs ldtjrjsjs jxlstjdtjs$ Df js pfslgkj prfgcr qujudc u ftrc sfkuold sjc kc ustc'$

y 3


18/22


Ej jstc icdjrc+ pcrc Njksjd+ kc kjy js udc ofdstruo)old ejklgjrcec quj slrvj c ldtjrjsjs pcrtloukcrjs ofdfolefs$

Jstf pferc sjr djojscrlcijdtj cs sl tuvlsjifs quj orjcrej dujvf jk ofdùdtf ej kjyjs ej kc ofdeuotc ùstc$ Cud is+kj ofdojef c Njksjd quj df pfercifs prfgcr pfsltlvcijdtjqu js kf ùstf$ Rjrf jstf df jxokuyj dujstrc ocpcolece pcrcejolr oudef udc rjakc js ldùstc f quj+ ijelcdtj kc cpkloc)old pjrslstjdtj ej udc prujgc djactlvc ej kc ldùstlolc+ dfhurcifs ocpcojs ej cojrocrdfs prfarjslvcijdtj c kc ùstl)olc$

Js vjrece quj jstf sj cpkloc skf c kcs rjakcs ej kc ofd)euotc ùstc pcrc kfs ldelvleufs+ y df c kf quj Njksjd+ ofif

tfefs kfs sfolcklstcs+ pjdscgc prlifrelckijdtj+ js ejolr+cqujkkcs hldcklecejs ej kcs ijelecs ejklgjrcecs quj jipkjckc cutfrlece pcrc kfarcr kc cs kkcicec 'ùstlolc sfolck'$ _ldjigcraf df jxlstjd dl kfs orltjrlfs pfsltlvfs dl kfs djactlvfsej tlpf fg`jtlvf+ ej kfs ouckjs sj pujec ejhldlr f pfdjr c pruj)gc kc cs kkcicec 'ùstlolc sfolck'+ quj js udc ej kcs hrcsjsis vcocs$

Jk lejck ej kc klgjrtce ejk slakf ]L] sj gcscgc jd kc ofd)vloold ej quj mcgc tckjs rjakcs fg`jtlvcs ajdjrckjs ej ofd)euotc ùstc+ y kc hcksc chlricold ej quj kc ùstlolc js slji)

prj ud csudtf ej ldtjrjsjs pcrtloukcrjs quj mc ofdtrlgulefjd arcd ijelec c hfricr kc orjjdolc ej quj df tjdjifs ftrcfpold quj csladcr c ocec ldelvleuf kf quj js ofdslejrcef

ùstf pfr cqujkkfs quj jd jsj ifijdtf ejtjdtcd jk pfejr$< Ej`ceij hfriukcr okcrcijdtj kcs ofdsjoujdolcs qujsj slaujd ej kf quj mj jxprjscef sfgrj kfs prldolplfs cpkloc)gkjs c kc ortloc kjatlic ej kcs hfricolfdjs sfolckjs$ Ejs)pus ej mcgjr csjdtcef kfs hudecijdtfs prjvlfs+ jstf pujejmcojrsj rjkctlvcijdtj jd pfocs pckcgrcs$ Ejgf cevjrtlrfs+sld jigcraf+ quj kfs ofdsjrvcefrjs quj ij fyjd y quj mcstcjstj pudtf sj rjafol`cgcd+ sj ejslkuslfdcrd prfgcgkjijdtjcmfrc$ Kc ofdokusld ofrrjotc ej kcs ofdslejrcolfdjs quj mjcejkcdtcef df js ej dldaudc icdjrc quj ejgcifs cojptcrkfs vckfrjs cdtlaufs y trcelolfdckjs$ Dl slquljrc quj mcyc ck)audfs vckfrjs f prldolplfs ifrckjs quj kc oljdolc df pujecoujstlfdcr focslfdckijdtj$ Jk oljdthlof sfolck quj sj jshujr)zc pfr jdtjdejr oif hudolfdc kc sfoljece y ejsougrlr jdqu pudtf pujej ij`frcrsj+ ejgj prfokcicr jk ejrjomf ejjxcildcr ortlocijdtj y cud is ej ùzacr ocec udf ej kfsvckfrjs ldelvleuckjs ej dujstrc sfoljece$ Kc ofdsjoujdolcej kf quj mj elomf js slipkjijdtj quj df pfejifs oujstlf)dcr+ ck ilsif tljipf+ tfefs y ocec udf ej sus vckfrjs$ Uckeuec cgsfkutc skf pferc kkjvcr c kc ejstruoold ej dujstrcolvlklzcold y jd vlstc ej kcs olhrcs c quj jk prfarjsf jofd)ilof mc pjriltlef mcojr orjojr c kc rczc muicdc c kc jx)trjic ilsjrlc y mcigrj$ Jk cgcdefdf ofipkjtf ej tfefs kfsvckfrjs trcelolfdckjs js+ pfr supujstf+ lipfslgkj> skf ocusc)


19/22

75 Jk trildf rczd js uscef cqu jd jk sjdtlef jxpklocef pfr @fmd Kfonjjd sus 'Jsscy fd tmj Kcw fh Dcturj' je$ Q$ vfd Kjyejd+ Fxhfre+3


20/22


pfr mcgjr jkjalef kfs vckfrjs jqulvfocefs$ Kc rczd ejgj ej)ifstrcrsj jd jk iutuf c`ustj ej kfs vckfrjs ejtjrildcefs y

ejgj kkjvcr c ocgf su pcpjk is lipfrtcdtj+ cudquj iuy li)pfpukcr+ cqujk ej ejstcocr kcs ofdtrceloolfdjs ldtjrlfrjs ejdujstrf pjdsciljdtf y ej dujstrc sjdslglklece$

Kc rjprjsjdtcold ejk mfigrj ofif ud sjr quj arcolcsc su rczd pujej ckzcrsj pfr jdolic ej kfs vckfrjs ej kc olvl)klzcold pcrc `uzacrkc ejsej chujrc+ f ejsej ud pudtf ej vls)tc is jkjvcef+ js skf udc lkusld$ _fkcijdtj ejgj jdtjdejr)sj quj kc rczd ilsic js pcrtj ej kc olvlklzcold$ Kf dlofquj pfejifs mcojr js ofdhrfdtcr udc pcrtj ofd kcs ejis$Ldokusf jstj prfojsf ofdeuoj ck ifvliljdtf ldojscdtj+ qujjd ud iuy kcraf oursf ej tljipf pujej ociglcr jk tftck$ Rj)rf kc rjofdstltuold rjpjdtldc ofipkjtc ejk tfef df js pfslgkjjd dldaudc jtcpc ejk prfojsf+ pfrquj ejgjifs uscr sljiprjjk ictjrlck elspfdlgkj+ quj js jd s ilsif jk prfeuotf ldtj)arcef ej ud prfojsf ej jvfkuold$

Jspjrf mcgjr ej`cef suhloljdtjijdtj jd okcrf quj df jsjk prfgkjic ej kc oljdolc jk quj cijdczc dujstrc olvlklzc)old+ ofif pujej pcrjojr c vjojs+ sldf jk jrrfr oljdthlof gc)scef ajdjrckijdtj jd kc prjsudold ej ud ofdfoliljdtf qujjd rjcklece df pfsjjifs$

Jstf pfdj jd icdfs ej kc oljdolc kc rjspfdscglklece ejtrcdshfricr jd gljd jk ecf quj mcd mjomf sus rjprjsjdtcd)tjs$ Jk ejscrrfkkf ejk ofdfoliljdtf prfeuoj kc ofiprjdsldej quj cmfrc pfejifs cpudtcr c kcs ijtcs quj jk jstcef co)tuck ej kc oljdolc mc pujstf c dujstrf ckocdoj skf arcolcs ckc cutfrlece ej kfs vckfrjs+ quj df mjifs hcgrlocef+ y ouyfsladlhlocef jdtjdejifs tfecvc jd hfric iuy lipjrhjotc$Iljdtrcs df pfecifs jstcr ej coujref sfgrj oujstlfdjs oru)olckjs+ ofif sl js pfslgkj ud ijrocef ofipjtltlvf sld jk rjof)

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