PLURAL DOS SUBSTANTIVOS

USO EM GERAL

People (pessoas): mother (mãe), professor(professor(a)), child (criança, filho(a)).

Places (lugares): village (vila), school (escola,colégio, faculdade), Chicago.

Things (coisas): computer (computador), tree(árvore), cereal.

Animals (animais): bear (urso), dog (cachorro),shark (tubarão).

Ideas (ideias), abstractions (abstrações),feelings (sentimentos), states (estados):wisdom (sabedoria), concentration(concentração), freedom (liberdade), joy(alegria), love (amor), fear (medo), faith (fé).

Actions (ações): writing (escrita), dance(dança), walk (caminhada).

Qualities (qualidades): honesty (honestidade),affection (simpatia), intelligence (inteligência).

Natural phenomena (fenômenos naturais):rain (chuva), storm (tempestade), snow (neve),evaporation (evaporação).

Institutions (instituições): God (Deus), Church(Igreja).

book - books (livros)cat - cats (gatos)computer -computers (computadores)cup - cups (xícaras)garden - gardens (jardins)sweatshirt - sweatshirts (blusões de moletom)table - tables (mesas)week - weeks (semanas)

#1 REGRA GERAL “S”

• -ch:church - churches (igrejas)match - matches (fósforos)watch - watches (relógios)

• Exceções: Substantivos que terminam em ch com som de /K/: acrescenta-se apenas sconch - conchs (conchas)monarch - monarchs (monarcas)patriarch - patriarchs (patriarcas)stomach - stomachs (estômagos)

#2 “S, SS, SH, CH, X, Z e O” -ES

• -s:bus - buses (ônibus)

• -ss:class - classes (aulas)glass - glasses (copos)kiss - kisses (beijos)

• -sh:brush -brushes (escovas)crash - crashes (colisões)flash - flashes (lampejos)wish - wishes (desejos)

• -x:box - boxes (caixas)fox - foxes (raposas)

• -z:topaz - topazes (topázios)

• -o:echo - echoes (ecos)superhero - superheroes (super-heróis)potato - potatoes (batatas)tomato - tomatoes (tomates)

• Nos vocábulos de origem estrangeira terminados em o, porém, acresecenta-se apenas s:avocado -avocados (abacates)cello - cellos (violoncelos)commando -commandos (comandos)dynamo -dynamos (dínamos)Eskimo -Eskimos (Esquimós)ghetto - ghettos (guetos)kilo - kilos (quilos)libretto - librettos (libretos)

logo - logos (logotipos)magneto -magnetos (magnetos)photo - photos (fotos)piano - pianosportfolio - portfoliosradio - radios (rádios)solo - solos (solos)soprano -sopranos (sopranos)studio - studios (estúdios)tango - tangos (tangos)video - videos (vídeos)virtuoso -virtuosos (virtuosos)

EXCEÇÃO “O”

boy - boys (meninos)day - days (dias)donkey -donkeys (burros)essay - essays (ensaios)guy - guys (caras, sujeitos, rapazes)key - keys (chaves)monkey -monkeys (macacos)play - plays (peças)toy - toys (brinquedos)

#3 - VOGAL + Y

baby (bebê) babiesbody (corpo)bodiescity (cidade)citiescountry (país) countriesdictionary (dicionário) dictionariesfamily (família) familiesferry (balsa) ferriesfly (mosca) flieslady (senhora, dama) ladiesparty (festa) partiessky (céu) skiesstory (narrativa) stories

#4 - CONSOANTE + Y

man - men (homens)woman - women (mulheres)gentleman - gentlemen (cavalheiros)child - children (crianças)*ox - oxen (bois)person - people (pessoas)tooth - teeth (dentes)foot - feet (pés)goose - geese (gansos)mouse - mice (camundongos)louse - lice (piolhos)die - dice (dados)

#5 - IRREGULARES

calf - calves (bezerros)elf - elves (elfos, duendes)half - halves (metades)leaf - leaves (folhas)life - lives (vidas)knife - knives (facas)loaf - loaves (pães de forma)self - selves (egos)sheaf - sheaves (feixes)shelf - shelves (prateleiras)thief - thieves (ladrões)wife - wives (esposas)wolf - wolves (lobos)

#6 - CASO ESPECIAL F –FE “VES”

belief - beliefs (crenças)brief - briefs (sumários, resumos)cliff - cliffs (penhascos)chief - chiefs (chefes)cuff - cuffs (punhos de camisa)grief - griefs (dores, sofrimentos)handkerchief - handkerchiefs (lenços)roof - roofs (telhados)gulf - gulfs (golfos)safe - safes (cofres)proof - proofs (provas)cuff - cuffs (punhos de manga, bainhas)reef - reefs (recifes)

EXCEÇÃO F –FE “VES”

EXERCÍCIOS

Turn the following nouns into the plural form and then checkthe correct option.

•a) Tomatoes – calfes – studys – knifes – kiss.•b) Tomatos – calfs – studies – knifes – kisses.•c) Tomatos – calfes – studys – knives – kisses.•d) Tomatoes – calfes – studies – knifes – kisses.•e) Tomatoes – calves – studies – knives – kisses.

1. The plural of "baby" isA) babysB) babiesC) babyesD) babyses

2. The plural of "loss" isA) lossB) lossiesC) lossesD) lossys

3. The plural of "church" isA) churchsB) churchiesC) churchesD) churies

4. The plural of "line" isA) linesB) liniesC) linsD) linses

5. The plural of "box" isA) boxsB) boxiesC) boxD) boxes

6. The plural of "way" isA) waiesB) wayesC) waysesD) ways

7. The plural of "enemy" isA) enemysB) enemiesC) enemyesD) enemes

8. The plural of "show" isA) showesB) showiesC) showersD) shows

9. The plural of "key" isA) keysB) keyiesC) keiesD) keyes

10. The plural of "wish" isA) wishB) wishiesC) wishsD) wishes

11. Zia and Wajd began a social club for woman in their town.A) womenB) womanC) womansD) Womens

12. In the autumn, oak trees shed their leaf.A) leafenB) leafsC) leavenD) leaves

13. Kiara was pretty sure one of her tooth was loose.A) toothenB) toothsC) teethsD) teeth

14. “Look,” said Nicole to the pirates, “I’m sure we can all be reasonable person.”A) peoplesB) personsC) peopleD) persona

PLURAL IRREGULAR

1. My grandmother has four ______.

A) childrens

B) children

C) childs

D) childness

2. Tigers have sharp ______.

A) teeths

B) tooths

C) Teeth

D) tits

3. My ______ hurt.

A) feet

B) foots

C) feets

D) feeted

4. Cats like to catch ______.A) miceB) micesC) mousesD) micing

5. Three ______ are waiting in line.A) womanB) womenC) womansD) womens

6. The ______ are on television.A) menB) mansC) manD) man’s

Segue xandão@inglescomxandaoalexandreemerson.com