teorias y modelos pedagogicos.docx

8/17/2019 teorias y modelos pedagogicos.docx

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75Teoría y Modelos Pedagógicos

MÓDULO

GLORIA ESTELLA PÉREZ AVENDAÑO

FUNDACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA LUIS AMIGÓFACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN

Medellín - Colombia2!


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COMITÉ DIRECTIVO F"a# Ma"ino Ma"$íne% &'"e%Re($o" )e"n*n +,ina A$e.o"$/a

Vi(e""e($o" Admini,$"a$i0o # Finan(ie"oDi"e($o" de &lanea(i1n o,' aime Día% +,o"ioVi(e""e($o" A(ad'mi(o F"an(i,(o a0ie" A(o,$a G1me%Se("e$a"io Gene"al

TEORÍAS Y MODELOS PEDAGÓGICOSGLORIA ESTELLA PÉREZ AVENDAÑO Coo"dina(i1n Gene"al3

Ana I,abel A"an%a%4 Mon$o#a

A,e,o"ía Con(e$4al # Me$odol1i(a3o"e 6illiam G4e""a Mon$o#a

A,e,o"ía Me$odol1i(a Co""e((i1n deReda((i1n # E,$ilo3N'lida Ma"ía Mon$o#a Ramí"e% Di,e8o3Fa(4l$ad de Ed4(a(i1n

9: Edi(i1n3Dea"$amen$o de &4bli(a(ione, FUNLAM;;;


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2!


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C+NTENID+

Pág.GUÍA DIDÁCTICA 5 PROTOCOLO ACADÉMICO

7

IDENTIFICACIÓN

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INTR+DUCCIÓN 999< INTENCI+NALIDADES F+RMATIVAS 959


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Pág.

UNIDAD 3. EDUCACIÓN DESARROLLISTA 9?CA&BTUL+ 9< ENF+HUE C+NSTRUCTIVISTA 959CA&BTUL+ 2< &EDAG+GBA C+NCE&TUAL 95?CA&BTUL+ < INTELIGENCIAS MLTI&LES 9!7 UNIDAD 4. ENO!UES DE LA PEDAGOGÍA SOCIAL 977CA&BTUL+ 9< &EDAG+GBA LI@ERAD+RA 97?CA&BTUL+ 2< ENF+HUE S+CI+CRBTIC+ 9


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IDENTIICACIÓN

FICHA TÉCNICA

C"#$%& Teo"ía, # Modelo, &eda1i(o,A"'%#($& Glo"ia E,$ella &'"e% A0enda8o

I)$'*'"+*,)& F4nda(i1n Uni0e",i$a"ia L4i, Ami1

U)*-- A+-/0*+ Fa(4l$ad de Ed4(a(i1nC0% -(%#0+*,)

&eda1i(o

C%0('()+*g()(# -(#()-*5(&

El e,$4dian$e "e(ono(e lo,=4ndamen$o, de la, di=e"en$e,$eo"ía, # modelo, eda1i(o,

lan$eado, o" di=e"en$e, $e1"i(o,de la edaoía<C#/-*'%$ J(4a$"oKI0#($*,) Ma#o de 2! Medellín


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INTRODUCCIÓN

La edaoía ,e "e=ie"e al ,abe" o di,(4",o ,ob"e la ed4(a(i1n ,e en$iende

adem*, (omo el ,abe" "i4"o,o ,ob"e la en,e8an%a de 4na di,(ilina (ien$í=i(a en(on,$"4((i1n (on ,4 (amo in$ele($4al de obe$o, # me$odoloía de in0e,$ia(i1n"oio,< E,$a di,(ilina 4e (on(e$4ali%a ali(a # eOe"imen$a lo (on(e"nien$e ala($o ed4(a$i0o ,e .a 0enido (on,$i$4#endo en 4n di,(4",o me$1di(o 4e a"$i(4la34na, "oblem*$i(a, # ne(e,idade, ed4(a$i0a, a a$ende" 4no, "o1,i$o, #obe$i0o, a al(an%a" 4no, (on$enido, e"$inen$e, 4e a"e.ende" 4no, e,a(io,# ambien$e, de$e"minado, de =o"ma(i1n 4na, a($i0idade, a de,a""olla" 4no,medio, a 4$ili%a" 4na, =o"ma, de o"ani%a(i1n de lo, a"$i(ian$e, del "o(e,oed4(a$i0o # 4no, ("i$e"io, de e0al4a(i1n en "ela(i1n (on 4na, =o"ma, de ,e" delmae,$"o # de lo, e,$4dian$e, en 4n (on$eO$o ,o(io-(4l$4"al de$e"minado< E,$o,(on(e$o, a"$i(4lado"e, de la edaoía ,e enma"(an en di=e"en$e, $eo"ía, #modelo, (on,$i$4ido, a lo la"o de la .i,$o"ia de la .4manidad< )a# 4e "e(ono(e" 4e la edaoía e, ne(e,a"ia a"a =o"ma" 4n mae,$"o ella leo$o"a la (aa(idad de ,e" in$'""e$e # $"ad4($o" de lo 4e o(4""e en el *mbi$oed4(a$i0o le e"mi$e (om"ende" el "o(e,o =o"ma$i0o la (ien(ia # la (4l$4"a laedaoía debe en(a"na" $odo lo 4e .a# de .4manidad en el mae,$"o o"4e e,la di,(ilina 4e o,ibili$a "ela(ione, (on la (ien(ia la (4l$4"a la ,o(iedad # la(o$idianidad<

Como (amo (on(e$4al # me$1di(o "e=leOiona lo, (on(e$o, de en,e8a"a"ende" ed4(a" =o"ma" # de,a""olla" en$"e o$"o, (omo (on(e$o, a"$i(4lado"e,de la edaoía e,$o ,ini=i(a 4e ,e debe =o"$ale(e" el e,$4dio de la, (a$eo"ía,"oia, de la edaoía de la$"adi(i1n eda1i(a de la, (om4nidade,a(ad'mi(a, 4e ,e .an dedi(ado a =a(ili$a" el a0an(e de la, $eo"ía, eda1i(a, #al de,a""ollo de la, "*($i(a, e,(ola"e,<

La edaoía "e=leOiona el "o(e,o de =o"ma(i1n # de,a""ollo .4mano en "ela(i1n(on la (4l$4"a de a.í 4e ,4 (on,$i$4(i1n # =4ndamen$o, deben (imen$a",e de,de4n en=o4e in0e,$ia$i0o< Una .i,$o"ia ("í$i(a de lo, men(ionado, (on(e$o,(on$"ib4i"* a la "e=leOi1n an*li,i, # di,(4,i1n ,ob"e la (on,$i$4(i1n del ,abe" eda1i(o # e"mi$i"* "e0alo"a" la $"adi(i1n de la, idea, ,ob"e el "o(e,oed4(a$i0o # =o"ma$i0o en la, di=e"en$e, (4l$4"a, # 'o(a, a,í mi,mo"e(on(e$4ali%a" la $"adi(i1n # "edimen,iona" el di*loo (on lo, dem*, ,abe"e,<

Abo"da" el ,abe" de la edaoía imli(a .a(e" 4n e,$4dio de$allado a(e"(a de ,4(on(e$4ali%a(i1n .i,$o"ia e in(iden(ia en la =o"ma(i1n del ,e" .4mano # en la=o"ma (omo ,e .a (on,$i$4ido en la "a%1n de ,e" del SER MAESTR+< En e,$amedida e, de 0i$al imo"$an(ia "e("ea" # "e(on$eO$4ali%a" la edaoía de,dedi0e",a, o,$4"a, $e1"i(a, # de,de el (on$eO$o ,o(io-(4l$4"al Colombiano (omo"e,ini=i(a(i1n de la $"adi(i1n 4e no, iden$i=i(a # (omo "e(on(e$4ali%a(i1n del.a(e" ed4(a$i0o en la (on$emo"aneidad


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En e,$e ,en$ido la "e=leOi1n ,ob"e $eo"ía, # modelo, eda1i(o, a"a el "o(e,ode =o"ma(i1n de mae,$"o, e, 4n "e$eO$o a"a "elan$ea" el 4e.a(e" eda1i(o# la "ela(i1n ed4(a(i1n-edaoía al da" (4en$a de la, "*($i(a, e,(ola"e,


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# del modelo in,$"4((ional l4eo "e,en$a el a"adima eOe"imen$al 4e de,de,4, ao"$e, ,i(ol1i(o, da o"ien al (ond4($i,mo JSPinne" &a0lo0 @and4"a@loom Ga8'QK # a la Te(noloía Ed4(a$i0a< La $e"(e"a 4nidad "e,en$a el 0%-(% (-g,g*+% -($##%*$'< En 'l e,

imo"$an$e "e(ono(e" la in=l4en(ia de la, $enden(ia, (oni$i0a, Jedaoía(on(e$4al Mi4el # 4li*n de 4bi"ía Same"K el en=o4e (on,$"4($i0i,$a J&iae$Vio,$,P# A4,4belQK # la $eo"ía de la, in$elien(ia, m/l$ile,< E,$a, $eo"ía,(ambian lo, a"adima, an$e"io"e, JeOli(a$i0o e in$e""e$a$i0oK o" lo, de la 'o(a(on$emo"*nea3 =leOibilidad in$e"alidad meo"abilidad ("ea$i0idad"e,en(ialidad ,ol4(i1n de "oblema, JVi($o" G4ede%K en$"e o$"o,< E,$o,a"adima, o="e(en al e,$4dian$e n4e0a, 0i,ione, ,ob"e la ed4(a(i1n a"a 4e lo,e,$4dian$e, $enan la o,ibilidad de a,4mi" la ed4(a(i1n (on=o"me a la,eOien(ia, de la ,o(iedad del (ono(imien$o # la in=o"ma(i1n (omo 4n "o(e,o(on,$"4($i0o # al$e"na$i0o< L +"#' ")*-- #($()' -%$ ()%


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1. INTENCIONALIDADES ORMATIVAS

1.1 O=>ETIVOS

O=>ETIVOS GENERALES

• Ao"$a" elemen$o, a"a la "e=leOi1n # "e(on(e$4ali%a(i1n de lo, "o(e,o,ed4(a$i0o, a a"$i" de 4na e",e($i0a .i,$1"i(a # de an*li,i, de lo,(on(e$o, a"$i(4lado"e, de la edaoía (on el =in de (on="on$a" la "*($i(aed4(a$i0a dia"ia (on el di,(4",o del mae,$"o # la $"adi(i1n de la $eo"íaeda1i(a<

• Com"ende" la $"adi(i1n de la edaoía # ,4 in=l4en(ia en la "*($i(a

ed4(a$i0a de lo, mae,$"o, median$e 4n an*li,i, ("í$i(o # de (on="on$a(i1n(on la "ealidad ed4(a$i0a a($4al<

• Iden$i=i(a" lo, (on(e$o, 4e =4ndamen$an # 4e a"$i(4lan lo, di=e"en$e,

modelo, eda1i(o, median$e la (on="on$a(i1n de lo, mi,mo, laeOli(a(i1n del (on$eO$o en el 4e ,e die"on # la (a"a($e"i%a(i1n de la,"*($i(a, ed4(a$i0a, de,a""ollada,<

O=>ETIVOS ESPECÍICOS

• Re(ono(e" lo, =4ndamen$o, # (a"a($e"í,$i(a, de lo, modelo, eda1i(o,,4 in$e""ela(i1n # ,4, "*($i(a, ed4(a$i0a,<

• Re(ono(e" lo, modelo, eda1i(o, a a"$i" de ,4, o,i(ione, $e1"i(a, #

,4, de$e"mina(ione, ,o(iale, olí$i(a, "eliio,a, e(on1mi(a, en la,di=e"en$e, 'o(a, de la .i,$o"ia<

• Cla,i=i(a" lo, modelo, eda1i(o, ,e/n la, $eo"ía, eOli(a$i0a,

in$e""e$a$i0a, # (ono,(i$i0a, 4e lo, =4ndamen$an<

• Anali%a" en=o4e, eda1i(o, (on$emo"*neo, # ,4 in(iden(ia en la,"*($i(a, ed4(a$i0a, o" medio del "e(ono(imien$o de ,4, "in(iio,<

• A,4mi" 4na o,i(i1n ("í$i(a ="en$e al an*li,i, de lo, (on$eO$o, ,o(io-olí$i(o,

# ed4(a$i0o, en lo, 4e ,e die"on lo, modelo, eda1i(o, # ,4 in(iden(iaen la, "*($i(a, ed4(a$i0a,<

1.2 COMPETENCIAS


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• El e,$4dian$e iden$i=i(a # (oma"a lo, modelo, eda1i(o, a a"$i" de lo,(on(e$o, a"$i(4lado"e,3 =o"ma(i1n in,$"4((i1n en,e8an%a a"endi%aedid*($i(a


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2. MAPA CONCEPTUAL


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3. METODOLOGÍA Y SISTEMA DEEVALUACIÓN &a"a e=e($o, del e,$4dio # a"oia(i1n de la, $em*$i(a, del (4",o ,e .an

de$e"minado ("'di$o, a(ad'mi(o, (on 4na dedi(a(i1n de 9?2 .o"a, de $"abaoa(ad'mi(o de la, (4ale, ! ,on de a(oma8amien$o di"e($o de lo, mae,$"o, #92 de $"abao indeendien$e del e,$4dian$e<

La me$odoloía del (4",o ,e a4,$a al (on(e$o de ("'di$o a(ad'mi(o medida=o"ma$i0a eda1i(a # did*($i(a en la 4e la en,e8an%a e,$* (en$"ada en ela"endi%ae< El ("'di$o a(ad'mi(o e"$ene(e al o"den del a"endi%ae ela"endi%ae a la =o"ma(i1n # la =o"ma(i1n a lo eda1i(o # did*($i(o< Lo 4eimli(a de modo ne(e,a"io 4e la =o"ma(i1n 4ni0e",i$a"ia e,$* ad,("i$a a 4nain$en(ionalidad eda1i(a # no me"amen$e a la $"an,mi,i1n de (ono(imien$o, ode in=o"ma(i1n<

En el ,i,$ema de ("'di$o, a(ad'mi(o, el e,$4dian$e e, 4n ,4e$o a($i0o a4$1nomo"o$aoni,$a e,$o" de n4e0o, a"endi%ae, o" medio del e,$4dio indeendien$ee, (aa% de e,$able(e" "4$a, # maa, de $"abao e,$"4($4"a" lani=i(a" # o"ani%a" la, "4$ina, de $"abao a(ad'mi(o $an$o indi0id4al (omo en "4o, (olabo"a$i0o,e,$able(e" in$e"a($i0idade, (on la (om4nidad a(ad'mi(a # a"$i(ia" en "ede, dea"endi%ae< &a"a .a(e" eOi$o,a la en,e8an%a (en$"ada en el a"endi%ae ,e "e4ie"e de la"e,en(ia de di0e",o, di,o,i$i0o, (omo medio, # media(ione, eda1i(a,a"a o,ibili$a" la =o"ma(i1n ao#ada en la ,in("onía # a,in("onía de la, "ela(ione,

en$"e en,e8an%a # a"endi%ae<

El e,$4dio indeendien$e e, la ba,e de la =o"ma(i1n # del a"endi%ae # ,e "eali%a$an$o en el *mbi$o e",onal (omo en e4e8o, "4o, (olabo"a$i0o, dea"endi%ae # en "4o de (4",o<

El e,$4dian$e d4"an$e el "o(e,o =o"ma$i0o $iene $a"ea, e,e(í=i(a, (omo3 e,$4dia" la G4ía Did*($i(a # el M1d4lo e=e($4a" la, le($4"a, (omlemen$a"ia, .a(e" (on,4l$a, en biblio$e(a en ,i$io, e,e(iali%ado, de In$e"ne$ "e0i,a" =ondo,biblio"*=i(o, im"e,o, en ael biblio$e(a, ele($"1ni(a, .eme"o$e(a, dii$ale, eim"e,a, ,i$io, 6eb e,e(iali%ado, de,a""olla" la, a($i0idade, "o"amada, en la

G4ía Did*($i(a elabo"a" in=o"me, dilien(ia" lo, ee"(i(io, de a4$oe0al4a(i1n #"e,en$a" la, e0al4a(ione, $"abaa" en e4io ,o(iali%a" lo, "e,4l$ado, de lo,$"abao, indi0id4ale, en$"e o$"a, a($i0idade, "ela(ionada, (ada 4na de ella, (onla, =a,e, de a"endi%ae ,ean e,$a, de "e(ono(imien$o de "o=4ndi%a(i1n o de$"an,=e"en(ia


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La e0al4a(i1n =o"ma a"$e de $odo el "o(e,o de a"endi%ae no ,e 4ede(on,ide"a" (omo 4n a'ndi(e o 4na ali(a(i1n de de$e"minada, "4eba, al(4lmina" (ie"$o, momen$o, del "o(e,o de =o"ma(i1n ',$a ,e"* 4n "o(e,o(on$in4o # ,i,$em*$i(o a4,$ado a (ada 4na de la, a($i0idade, "o"amada, en la,di=e"en$e, =a,e, de a"endi%ae lo, "e,4l$ado, de di(.o "o(e,o ,e"*n

(on,inada, en el &o"$a=olio &e",onal de De,eme8o medio a"a =a(ili$a" lama$e"iali%a(i1n # 0alo"a(i1n de lo, a"endi%ae,< La, olí$i(a, in,$i$4(ionale, ,ob"e e0al4a(i1n e,$able(en lo, ("i$e"io, a"a la,0alo"a(ione, de lo, "o(edimien$o, a($i0idade, a((ione, # $a"ea, median$e la,(4ale, ,e e0iden(ian lo, "o(e,o, # "e,4l$ado, del a"endi%ae del e,$4dian$e enel ma"(o de la e0al4a(i1n in$e"al eO"e,ada en el Relamen$o E,$4dian$il< Laa4$oe0al4a(i1n la (oe0al4a(i1n # la .e$e"oe0al4a(i1n o(4an 4n l4a" imo"$an$e (4ando de 0alo"a" el de,eme8o del e,$4dian$e en ,4 a"endi%ae ,e$"a$a< La e0al4a(i1n del (4",o ,e ao#a en la, in$en(ionalidade, =o"ma$i0a, 4e ,e$"ad4(en en a($i0idade, a"a el lo"o de lo, "o1,i$o, obe$i0o, (ome$en(ia, #me$a, "ela(ionada, (on (ada 4na de la, =a,e, del a"endi%ae #a ,ean deRe(ono(imien$o de &"o=4ndi%a(i1n o de T"an,=e"en(ia<

4. GLOSARIO DE TÉRMINOS CONSTRUCTIVISMO& (o""ien$e ,i(ol1i(a # modelo eda1i(o 4e $iene (omoba,e $e1"i(a =4ndamen$al lo, lan$eamien$o, de la ei,$emoloía en'$i(a de ean&iae$ de la (4al ,e de"i0a e"o a,4me di0e",a, 0a"ian$e, 4e .an lleadoin(l4,o a lan$ea" la idea de lo, (on,$"4($i0i,mo,. E C%)$'#"+'*;*$0% $%$'*()(


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en la de=ini(i1n de lo 4e me"e(e la ena a"ende" # el (a"*($e" in,$"4men$al dee,o, obe$o, de a"endi%ae en el de,a""ollo in$e"al de al4mno, # al4mna,<

Con4n$o de "o(edimien$o, a a"$i" de lo, (4ale, ,e (on,$"4#e el (ono(imien$o #a,í mi,mo el ,i,$ema de a($i$4de, 0alo"e, # no"ma, 4e "ien el "o(e,o de

elabo"a(i1n de la (ien(ia # la 0ida en ,o(iedad


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(4#a enma"(a(i1n m*, "1Oima ,e mani=ie,$a en el mae,$"o< Se "e(oni%a el(4l$i0o de la, =a(4l$ade, del alma<

MODELO PEDAGÓGICO CONDUCTISTA3 (on 'l ,e b4,(a ad4i"i" (ono(imien$o, (1dio, ime",onale, de,$"e%a, # (ome$en(ia, bao la =o"ma de(ond4($a, ob,e"0able, e, e4i0alen$e al de,a""ollo in$ele($4al de lo, ni8o,< Se

$"a$a de 4na $"an,mi,i1n a"(elada de ,abe"e, $'(ni(o, median$e 4nadie,$"amien$o eOe"imen$al 4e 4$ili%a la Tecnología Educativa<

MODELO PEDAGÓGICO DESARRROLLISTA& la me$a ed4(a$i0a e, 4e (adaindi0id4o a((eda "o"e,i0a # ,e(4en(ialmen$e a la e$aa ,4e"io" de de,a""olloin$ele($4al de a(4e"do (on la, ne(e,idade, # (ondi(ione, de (ada 4no< Elmae,$"o debe ("ea" 4n ambien$e e,$im4lan$e de eOe"ien(ia, 4e =a(ili$en en elni8o ,4 a((e,o a la, e,$"4($4"a, (ono,(i$i0a, de la e$aa inmedia$amen$e,4e"io"

MODELO PEDAGÓGICO SOCIALISTA& "oone el de,a""ollo m*Oimo #m4l$i=a('$i(o de la, (aa(idade, e in$e"e,e, del indi0id4o< Tal de,a""ollo e,$*

de$e"minado o" la ,o(iedad o" la (ole($i0idad en la (4al el $"abao "od4($i0o #la ed4(a(i1n e,$*n ín$imamen$e 4nido, a"a a"an$i%a" no ,1lo el de,a""ollo dele,í"i$4 (ole($i0o ,ino el (ono(imien$o eda1i(o oli=a('$i(o # oli$'(ni(o # el=4ndamen$o de la "*($i(a a"a la =o"ma(i1n (ien$í=i(a de la, n4e0a, ene"a(ione,<

MOVIMIENTO DE ESCUELA NUEVA& ,4 o"ien$a(i1n e, "ea"a" al ni8o a"a el$"i4n=o del e,í"i$4 ,ob"e la ma$e"ia "e,e$a" # de,a""olla" la e",onalidad del ni8o=o"ma" el (a"*($e" # de,a""olla" lo, a$"a($i0o, in$ele($4ale, a"$í,$i(o, # ,o(iale,"oio, del ni8o en a"$i(4la" median$e el $"abao man4al # la o"ani%a(i1n de4na di,(ilina e",onal lib"emen$e a(e$ada # el de,a""ollo del e,í"i$4 de(ooe"a(i1n la (oed4(a(i1n # la "ea"a(i1n del =4$4"o (i4dadano de 4n .omb"e(on,(ien$e de la dinidad de $odo ,e" .4mano<

PARADIGMA3 (on4n$o de 0alo"e, (oma"$ido, o" 4na (om4nidad<Se/n 4.n (on4n$o de ene"ali%a(ione, modelo, 0alo"e, # eemlo,(oma"$ido, o" 4na (om4nidad (ien$í=i(a<Modelo de de,("i(i1n # de eOli(a(i1n en (4#o in$e"io" ,4"en $eo"ía, e"o 4eno 4ede ,e" 'l mi,mo (on=i"mado enmendado o (4e,$ionado o" $ale, $eo"ía,


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de en,amien$o a"a modela" a($i$4de, en "o de la (on,$"4((i1n del(ono(imien$o no ob,$an$e el mae,$"o e, 4i'n de(ide (4al e, el (on$enido lo,m'$odo, # la, e,$"a$eia, a ,e4i" de,(4idando en a"$e lo, in$e"e,e, # a$i$4de,de lo, e,$4dian$e,<

TEORÍAS ?-( (-"++*,)@& e,$4dio del "o(e,o ed4(a$i0o di"iido a la =o"ma(i1nin$e"al del ,e" .4mano< Dan (4en$a del e,$4dio de lo, =ine, lo, obe$i0o, el(on$enido lo, "in(iio, m'$odo, # la, =o"ma, de o"ani%a(i1n # e0al4a(i1n de laed4(a(i1n< C4e"o de (ono(imien$o, (ien$í=i(o, ,i,$ema$i%ado, # o"ani%ado,,ob"e el =en1meno ed4(a$i0o la a((i1n # lo, "o(e,o, ed4(a(ionale, # lo,di0e",o, =a($o"e, 4e en $odo ello (on0e"en< TEORÍAS LI=ERTARIAS& $eo"ía, eda1i(a, 4e ,4b#a(en del Mo0imien$o dela E,(4ela N4e0a b4,(an da"le a la ed4(a(i1n 4na n4e0a o"ien$a(i1n 4e e"mi$ael leno de,a""ollo del indi0id4o en oo,i(i1n al a4$o"i$a"i,mo e,(ola" # en lade=en,a de la libe"$ad del ni8o ="en$e al ed4(ado" # a la e,(4ela<

. =I=LIOGRAÍA

ACEVED+ ai"o< )i,$o"ia de la ed4(a(i1n # la edaoía< Edi$o"ial Uni0e",idad deMedellín 9??<

AGUERR+ND+ In',< La (alidad de la ed4(a(i1n3 ee, a"a ,4 de=ini(i1n #

e0al4a(i1n< En3 +EA Re0i,$a In$e"ame"i(ana de De,a""ollo Ed4(a$i0o LaEd4(a(i1n a8o WWWVII n/me"o 99! III 9?? @,< A,


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XLVARE G< La Te(noloía Ed4(a$i0a en la d'(ada del < M'Oi(o3 Uni0e",idade,UDUAL 9?5<

ANTUNES C< YC1mo e,$im4la" la, In$elien(ia, M/l$ile,Z Mad"id3 Na"(eaEdi(ione, 29<

ARRED+ND+ V< Imlemen$a(i1n de n4e0o, ,i,$ema, in,$"4((ionale,< M'Oi(o3T"illa, 9?7?< < 5-?< @RAV+ SALINAS ) N',$o"< &edaoa "obl'mi(a< A(e"(a de lo, n4e0o,a"adima, en ed4(a(i1n< San$a=' de @oo$*3 Con0enio And"', @ello 9??7< @EILLER+T a(P#< La =o"ma(i1n de =o"mado"e,< Uni0e",idad de @4eno, Ai"e,3Ed< No0edade, Ed4(a$i0a, 9??!< @+UC)ET )en"i< Indi0id4ali%a(i1n de la en,e8an%a< F"an(ia3 Ed< ael4,% 9?9<

CALV+ Glo"ia< Lo, "ande, edaoo,< En3 Re0i,$a Ed4(a(i1n # (4l$4"a< @oo$*<No 9 JMa"%o de 9?K<

CARRETER+ Ma"io< Con,$"4($i0i,mo # ed4(a(i1n< @4eno, Ai"e,3 Edi$o"ial L4i,Vi0e,9??< CE&ES< Tenden(ia, eda1i(a, (on$emo"*nea,< La )abana3 Uni0e",idad de la)abana 9??5< C)ATEU ean< Lo, "ande, edaoo,< M'Oi(o3 Fondo de (4l$4"a e(on1mi(a

9??


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FANDI\+ G"a(iela< Tenden(ia, a($4ale, de la ed4(a(i1n< @oo$*3 USTA 9??< FERNXNDE + SARRAM+NA < La ed4(a(i1n (on,$an$e # "oblem*$i(a a($4al<@a"(elona3 Edi(ione, CREC 9?75<

FERRIERE A< T"an,=o"memo, la e,(4ela< @a"(elona3&4bli(a(ione, de laF"a$e"nidad In$e"na(ional de Ed4(a(i1n 9?2?<

[[[[[[[[[[[< &"oblema, de ed4(a(i1n n4e0a Mad"id3 e"o 9?72<

[[[[[[[[[[[< La e,(4ela a($i0a< @a"(elona3 Edi$o"ial )e"de" 9?2< FILL+UW C< +b,e"0a(ione, ,ob"e la e0ol4(i1n de la, $enden(ia, eda1i(a,<Ci$ado o"3 )e"be"$ EL Fe""# G< &edaoía # ,i(oloía de lo, "4o,< @a"(elona3No0a Te""a 9?!?<

F+R+ NACI+NAL &+R C+L+M@IA< Re0i,$a Fo"o< No 2?< FLÓRE +C)+A Ra=ael # @ATISTA En"i4e< El en,amien$o eda1i(o de lo,mae,$"o, de Medellín< Coi#ee, 9??< FLÓRE +C)+A RAFAEL< &edaoía # 0e"dad< Medellín3 Se("e$a"ía deEd4(a(i1n # C4l$4"a<

[[[[[[[[[[[[[< C4a$"o en,a#o, ,ob"e edaoía # ,abe"< Uni0e",idad de An$io4ia 9?!<

[[[[[[[[[[[[[< &edaoía # (ono(imien$o< @a"(elona3 )ende" 9?9<

[[[[[[[[[[[[[< )a(ia 4na edaoía del (ono(imien$o< @oo$*3 M(G"a; )ill9??<

[[[[[[[[[[[[[< La &edaoía3 en$"e la mode"nidad # la o,mode"nidad< En3Re0i,$a A0an%ada< Uni0e",idad de Medellín< No 9??<

[[[[[[[[[[[[[< E0al4a(i1n &eda1i(a # Coni(i1n< @oo$*3 M( G"a; )ill 9???<

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[< Lo, modelo, eda1i(o, la, e,$"a$eia, did*($i(a, # lo,en=o4e, (4""i(4la"e,< En3 Re0i,$a Cin$eO< In,$i$4$o Te(nol1i(o &a,(4al @"a0o<

No 7 9??< FREINET C< La ,i(oloía ,en,i$i0a # la ed4(a(i1n< @4eno, Ai"e,3 T"o4el 9?!?<

[[[[[[[[[[< &o" 4na e,(4ela del 4eblo< @a"(elona3 Fon$anella 9?72<

[[[[[[[[[[< La, en=e"medade, e,(ola"e,< @a"(elona3Laila 9?72<


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[[[[[[[[[[< La ed4(a(i1n mo"al # (í0i(a< @a"(elona3 Laila 9?72< < 29<

[[[[[[[[[[< &a"*bola, a"a 4na edaoía o4la"< @a"(elona3 Laila 9?7< FREIRE &a4lo< Con(ien(ia ("í$i(a # libe"a(i1n< &edaoía del o"imido< @oo$*3

Edi(ione, Camilo 9?79


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)ERNXNDE Roa, Ge"a"do< F4ndamen$o, del de,a""ollo de la Te(noloíaEd4(a$i0a Jba,e, ,o(ioeda1i(a,K< Unidad 9< &a"adima, de la ,i(oloíaed4(a$i0a< M'Oi(o3 ILCE-+EA Di(iemb"e 9??9<

AUFMAN Mi"iam # FUMAGALLI La4"a J(om,K< En,e8a" en Cien(ia, Na$4"ale,<

Re=leOione, # "o4e,$a, did*($i(a,< @4eno, Ai"e,3 Edi$o"ial &aid1, 9???<ELLER FS< &,i(1loo, # ed4(ado"e,< Ci$ado o"3 ARRED+ND+ V< T'(ni(a,in,$"4((ionale, ali(ada, a la ed4(a(i1n ,4e"io"< M'Oi(o3 T"illa, 9?7?<

LA@ARRERE G Valdi0ia G< &edaoía< Ci4dad de la )abana3 &4eblo #Ed4(a(i1n 9?< LALLE R< La Te(noloía Ed4(a$i0a en la, 4ni0e",idade, de lo, aí,e, ende,a""ollo< En3 &e",e($i0a,< 2!J2K9?!< < 99-??< LE @+N D< En,a#o, de edaoía no di"e($i0a< Ci$ado o"3 )e"be"$ EL Fe""# G<&edaoía # ,i(oloía de lo, "4o,< @a"(elona3 No0a Te""a 9?!?<

LI@ANE+ C< Tenden(ia, eda1i(a, en la "*($i(a e,(ola"< En3 Re0i,$a ANDE<@"a,il 9?2< LÓ&E A< &a,$o"a # o$"o,< &edaoía< Medellín3 F4nda(i1n Uni0e",i$a"ia L4i,

Ami1 9??<

LÓ&E < El (a"*($e" (ien$í=i(o de la edaoía en C4ba< Ci4dad de la )abana3&4eblo # Ed4(a(i1n 9??!<

LUURIAGA L< La edaoía (on$emo"*nea< @4eno, Ai"e, 9?!


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NEILL A< S< )ablando ,ob"e S4me".ill< M'Oi(o3MeOi(ano Unido, 9?7<

[[[[[[[[[< S4mme".ill< M'Oi(o3 Fondo de C4l$4"a E(on1mi(a 9?7<

[[[[[[[[[< Co"a%one, no ,1lo (abe%a, en la e,(4ela< M'Oi(o3MeOi(ano Unido,<

NEISSER U< &,i(oloía (ono,(i$i0a< M'Oi(o3 T"illa, 9?7!< N+T Lo4i,< La, edaoía, del (ono(imien$o< M'Oi(o3 Fondo de la (4l$4"ae(on1mi(a 9??< +RANTES A< In0e,$ia(i1n en en,e8an%a $e(nol1i(a ed4(a$i0a< In0e,$ia(i1nEd4(a(ional 9? +RTI DE MASCC)6IT Elena Ma"ía< In$elien(ia, m/l$ile, en la ed4(a(i1n dela e",ona< @4eno, ai"e,3 Edi$o"ial mai,$e"io 2< &EDAG+GBA SA@ERES< Uni0e",idad &eda1i(a Na(ional< San$a=' de @oo$a<No 92 9???< &ERETTI DE A< # R+GERS Ca"l< La o"ien$a(i1n no di"e($i0a en la edaoía<Ci$ado o"3 )e"be"$ EL Fe""# G< &edaoía # ,i(oloía de lo, "4o,< @a"(elona3No0a Te""a 9?!?< &IAGET ean # o$"o,< Tenden(ia, de la in0e,$ia(i1n en (ien(ia, ,o(iale,<Mad"id3 Alian%a Edi$o"ial 9?7<

&IAGET ean< In$"od4((i1n a la ei,$emoloía en'$i(a< @4eno, Ai"e,3 Edi$o"ial

&aid1, 9?7


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RESELLÓ &< Teo"ía de la, (o""ien$e, ed4(a$i0a, "omo(i1n (4l$4"al< @a"(elona9?7< R+DRBGUE G< La a4$oe,$i1n eda1i(a< En3 N4e0a, eOe"ien(ia,eda1i(a, en Am'"i(a La$ina ,emina"io, # do(4men$o,< Co,$a Ri(a3 CEDAL

9?75


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A&RENDER A A&RENDER J+N LINEK< In$elien(ia, m/l$ile,< JCon,4l$ado 4niode 25K.$$3aleon


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ACTIVIDAD 1.

CUESTIONARIO SO=RE CONCEPTUALIZACIONESPEDAGÓGICAS

De mane"a indi0id4al (on el (ono(imien$o 4e en momen$o o,ea in$en$e"e,onda a lo, ,i4ien$e, (4e,$ionamien$o,3

• YH4' e, lo "oio de la ed4(a(i1nZ

• YH4' e, lo "oio de la edaoíaZ

• YH4' e, lo "oio de la did*($i(aZ

• YC1mo ,e "ela(ionan e,$o, $'"mino,Z

• YEn 4' ,e di=e"en(ian e,$o, $'"mino,Z

• YC4*l e, el 0alo" de la ed4(a(i1n den$"o de la (4l$4"aZ

• YH4' en$iende o" $eo"ía, eda1i(a,Z

• YC1mo od"ía eOli(a" # de=ini" 4n modelo eda1i(oZ

• YH4' ao"$a en la =o"ma(i1n do(en$e el e,$4dio de la, di=e"en$e, $eo"ía,ed4(a$i0a, # eda1i(a, 4e ,e .an dado en la .i,$o"ia de la .4manidadZ

ACTIVIDAD 2.

CONSULTA DE PEDAGOGOS DE LA ESCUELA ACTIVA Indi0id4almen$e (on,4l$a" la bio"a=ía de 4an a(obo Ro4,ea4 Cele,$in F"eine$ #

Adol=o Fe""ie"e AleOande" Neil< Anali%a" en (ada 4no3 la, ("í$i(a, 4e .a(en a lae,(4ela $"adi(ional la =inalidad de la ed4(a(i1n la (on(e(i1n del ni8o lo,(on(e$o, de en,e8an%a a"endi%ae<


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En el e4e8o "4o (olabo"a$i0o (oma"$i" lo, elemen$o, de la (on,4l$a #elabo"a" el ,i4ien$e (4ad"o3 E,$e $"abao ,e debe (on,ina" en el &o"$a=olio &e",onal de De,eme8o

A"'%# *) -(

(-"++*,)C%)+('% -(

)*B%C%)+('% -(()$(B)

A#()-*5( C#8'*+ ($+"(

'#-*+*%)

>")>+%6%

R%"$$("

C(($'*)#(*)('

A-%%(##*(#(7

A(:)-(# N(*.

ACTIVIDAD 3

ANÁLISIS DE PROPUESTAS PEDAGÓGICAS CONTEMPORÁNEAS

Reali%a" (on el "4o (olabo"a$i0o 4n an*li,i, 0alo"a$i0o a(e"(a de la, "o4e,$a,eda1i(a, del (oleio La Fon$an # el In,$i$4$o Albe"$o Me"ani

Jwww.institutomerani .edu.co/ Ken el 4e ,e $ena en (4en$a lo, ,i4ien$e,a,e($o,3

• &edaoo, 4e lo in,i"an


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• Re,4l$ado, en $'"mino, de (ome$en(ia, de de,eme8o de do(en$e, #e,$4dian$e,<

De lo an$e"io" ,e debe en$"ea" 4n in=o"me de,("i$i0o # 0alo"a$i0o


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ACTIVIDAD 1.ENSAYO E,$a a($i0idad e, de $io indi0id4al<

Con ba,e en la le($4"a del Caí$4lo 9 de la "ime"a 4nidad del M1d4lo de Teo"ía, #Modelo, eda1i(o, (on,$"4#a 4n en,a#o 4e anali(e la =o"ma (omo lo,

modelo, eda1i(o, eOli(i$an # dan (4en$a de la "ela(i1n de lo, (on(e$o,3ed4(a(i1n =o"ma(i1n modelo, a"adima, en=o4e, me$a, en la ed4(a(i1nen,e8an%a in,$"4((i1n en,e8an%a a"endi%ae mae,$"o, al4mno, (on$enido,m'$odo,<

E,$e en,a#o debe ,e" en$"eado al $4$o" o en0iado o" (o""eo ele($"1ni(o< Una(oia debe i" al &o"$a=olio &e",onal de De,eme8o<

ACTIVIDAD 2.ELA=ORACIÓN DE RELATORÍA Elabo"e 4na "ela$o"ía donde anali(e lo, a,e($o, m*, ,ini=i(a$i0o, de laedaoía a($i0a< &4ede (on,4l$a" m*, ,ob"e a,e($o, de 4na "ela$o"ía # o$"o, =o"ma$o, en ladi"e((i1n ele($"1ni(a ;;;


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ACTIVIDAD 4.

MAPA CONCEPTUAL PEDAGOGÍAS COGNITIVAS

. Elabo"a" indi0id4almen$e 4n maa (on(e$4al en el 4e ,e iden$i=i4en la,&edaoía, Coni$i0i$a, en $o"no a la (on(e(i1n de ed4(a(i1n "oblema(on$enido, m'$odo, ael del mae,$"o =4n(i1n del al4mno did*($i(a (4""í(4loe0al4a(i1n adem*, de la, $enden(ia, 4e ,e in,("iben en e,$a, e,e(i=i(ando,4, "e"e,en$an$e, o"íene, o,$4lado, eda1i(o, # ed4(a$i0o,<

6. G4a"da" e,$a "od4((i1n en el &o"$a=olio &e",onal de De,eme8o ACTIVIDAD .

ENTREVISTA

. En e4e8o, "4o, (olabo"a$i0o, "eali(en 4na en$"e0i,$a a $"e, do(en$e, 4e,e .a#an =o"mado o $"abaado en 4na e,(4ela No"mal # lle0en 0a"io, a8o, de

4bila(i1n< Elabo"en a"a ello, 4n (4e,$iona"io en el 4e ,e inda4e o" la,(a"a($e"í,$i(a, de la ed4(a(i1n en ,4 'o(a en (4an$o a3 di,(ilina =o"ma(i1n*"ea, e,$ím4lo, (a,$io, =4n(i1n de la (amana =ila, =i4"a del mae,$"o"e($o"ía eO*mene,<

6. &"e,en$en 4n in=o"me de la en$"e0i,$a 4n$o (on el (4e,$iona"io 4e le, ,i"0i1 de

4ía en el "4o de (4",o


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ELA=ORACIÓN DE RELATORÍAS Y MATERIAL DE APOYO?-*%$*'*;$@

. En lo, "4o, (olabo"a$i0o, ,ele((iona" 4na de la, $enden(ia, de la edaoía

de,a""olli,$a3 edaoía (on(e$4al en=o4e (on,$"4($i0i,$a $eo"ía de la,in$elien(ia, m/l$ile,< 6. Elabo"a" 4na "ela$o"ía (on el =in de "o=4ndi%a" en lo, elemen$o, (on(e$4ale,<&"ea"en adem*, 4n "e,en$a(i1n (on diao,i$i0a, en la (4al de,$a4en lo,a,e($o, m*, "ele0an$e, de la "ela$o"ía< +. So(iali(en la a($i0idad (on el "4o de (4",o< &a"a eOone" $enan en (4en$a la(la"idad en la eOo,i(i1n # el maneo ade(4ado de la, idea, eda1i(a,<


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ACTIVIDAD 1.ELA=ORACIÓN DE INORME . Sele((ione do, in,$i$4(ione, # do, (en$"o, ed4(a$i0o,<

6. Con ba,e en lo, lan$eamien$o, de e,$e (4",o (on,4l$e3

• La =o"ma (omo =4e (on,$"4ido el modelo eda1i(o


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• La (on=ian%a en la na$4"ale%a del ni8o • La =inalidad de la ed4(a(i1n • Libe"$ad• A4$o""e4la(i1n •

A4$oobie"no

• Co"a%one, no (abe%a, • La $e"aia • La en,e8an%a

b< &a"$iendo de e,$o, (on(e$o, "ea"e 4n deba$e (on el "4o (olabo"a$i0o<&"e,en$en lo, 4n$o, a =a0o" # en (on$"a a"a ,o(iali%a"lo en el "4o de (4",o< ACTIVIDAD 3.PROPUESTA DE UN MODELO PEDAGÓGICO

T"abao en el "4o (olabo"a$i0o3 $eniendo en (4en$a la, "ealidade, ed4(a$i0a,a($4ale, # la, (o""ien$e, (on$emo"*nea, de la edaoía< Con,$"4i" 4na"o4e,$a de modelo eda1i(o a"a 4na in,$i$4(i1n ed4(a$i0a (on obla(i1nde,la%ada 4n (en$"o de ed4(a(i1n "4"al 4na in,$i$4(i1n ed4(a$i0a 4e ,e .a=4,ionado 4na in,$i$4(i1n de ed4(a(i1n media $'(ni(a 4na in,$i$4(i1n deobla(i1n indíena 4na in,$i$4(i1n 4e o="e(e la modalidad a"endi%ae a(ele"ado4 o$"a 4e el "4o (on,ide"e e"$inen$e de a(4e"do (on la, (a"a($e"í,$i(a, del(on$eO$o<

Se deben $ene" en (4en$a lo, ,i4ien$e, a,e($o,<

. I-()'**++*,)

Nomb"e de la in,$i$4(i1n<

Lo(alidad<

Di"e((i1n<

Ca"*($e"<

N/me"o de e,$4dian$e,<

o"nada, 4e o="e(e<

Tel'=ono<

6. C%0%)()'( '((%,g*+%.

Mi,i1n<

Vi,i1n<

&"in(iio, in,i"ado"e,


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+be$i0o,<

&e"=ile, Je,$4dian$e, mae,$"o, e",onal di"e($i0o # ad"e, de =amilia<

No$a3 Si e,$o, a,e($o, e,$*n $"an,("ibi"lo, ,i e, 4e ,e ien,a en (on,$"4i" 4nain,$i$4(i1n ed4(a$i0a (on,$"4i"lo,<

+. M%-(% (-g,g*+%7 '()*()-% () +"()'&

• 4,$i=i(a(i1n de la (on,$"4((i1n de 4n modelo eda1i(o a"a 4nain,$i$4(i1n ed4(a$i0a


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C+NCE&T+S TE+RBAS&EDAGÓGICAS


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CAPÍTULO 1.

CONCEPTUALIZACIONES

1. CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN GENERAL

A mane"a de in$"od4((i1n ,e "e,en$a la de=ini(i1n de al4no, $'"mino, (on el"o1,i$o de =amilia"i%a" al e,$4dian$e (on la, $em*$i(a, 4e "e,en$a el m1d4lo< 1.1PEDAGOGÍA

E, la "e=leOi1n # eOe"imen$a(i1n (on "e=e"en(ia al (amo de la ed4(a(i1n< Como"e=leOi1n ene"a $eo"ía # (omo eOe"imen$a(i1n ene"a "*($i(a, ed4(a$i0a,< E,o" $an$o 4n "o(e,o de "e=leOi1n # "*($i(a "e=e"ido a la =o"ma(i1n # al de,a""olloin$e"al de lo, ,e"e, .4mano,< M4(.o, a4$o"e, la "ela(ionan (on la =ilo,o=ía la(ien(ia # la $'(ni(a< De,de e,e 4n$o de 0i,$a la edaoía (on(e$4ali%a ali(a# eOe"imen$a lo, =ine, (ono(imien$o, obe$i0o, m'$odo, # "o(edimien$o,"e=e"en$e, a lo, =en1meno, ed4(a$i0o,< Como (ien(ia e, 4na "e=leOi1ndi,(ilinada ,i,$em*$i(a # "o=4nda ,ob"e la $eo"ía # la "*($i(a ed4(a$i0a a la 4eo"ien$a a"a 4e ,ea m*, ade(4ada # e=i(a%<

La F4nda(i1n Uni0e",i$a"ia L4i, Ami1 (on(ibe la edaoía (omo 4n (on4n$o de,abe"e, # (ono(imien$o, Jobe$i0ado, # en (on,$"4((i1nK de 4na (om4nidad ,ob"ela "e=leOi1n # "*($i(a del a($o ed4(a$i0o2< Sabe"e, # (ono(imien$o, ,ob"e el a($oed4(a$i0o 4e .an ,ido ,i,$ema$i%ado, o"ani%ado, # (on$eO$4ali%ado, a"ao"ien$a" lo, "o(e,o, de =o"ma(i1n # de,a""ollo .4mano in$e"al ,o(ial # (4l$4"al< 1.2 TEORÍAS

Se en$iende o" $eo"ía 4n (4e"o de (ono(imien$o, o ("een(ia, 4e e"mi$eneOli(a" .e(.o, ,i$4a(ione, o "o(e,o, en (4al4ie" $iemo< La $eo"ía e, 4nin,$"4men$o a"a e,$able(e" 4na eOli(a(i1n in$e""e$a(i1n (om"en,i1n o"edi((ione, "a%onada, ,ob"e obe$o, .e(.o, o =en1meno, na$4"ale, ,o(iale, #(4l$4"ale,


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La $eo"ía (ien$í=i(a e, 4n (4e"o de (ono(imien$o, 4e e,("iben eOli(an o"edi(en .e(.o, o =en1meno, de a(4e"do (on lo, o,$4lado, 4e e"mi$enen$ende" la 4ni=o"midade, 4e e, ob0ia # e,$able(e" la, (oneOione, en$"e(on4n$o, de 4ni=o"midad a"a eOli(a" # "ede(i" =en1meno, m*, (omleo,<

En 4n ,en$ido e,$"i($o la $eo"ía (ien$í=i(a e, la mane"a de da" (4en$a de 4n(on4n$o de .i1$e,i, o le#e, a $"a0', de 4na (om"en,i1n (om"en,ible #a(e$able de,de ,4 "io" in$e"no # (alidad me$odol1i(a< C$($ -( T(%#8$ En (ien(ia, ,e a(e$an do, $io, de $eo"ía,3 EOli(a$i0a,-"edi(a$i0a, #"e,("i$i0a,< La, '(%#8$ (:*+'*;$ 9 #(-*+'*;$ (en$"an ,4 na$4"ale%a en la eOli(a(i1nde lo, (omonen$e, el an*li,i, # o,ibilidade, de la, in$e"a((ione, #a"$i(4la(ione, en$"e ello, # en la, (ondi(ione, de la =4n(ionalidad # e=i(ien(ia de4n =en1meno en$endido en ,i mi,mo o de la, "ela(ione, o,ible, de 4n obe$o dee,$4dio (on ,4 (on$eO$o de "ealidad # (on ,4 *"ea de ,abe"< La, $eo"ía, "e,("i$i0a, ,e o"ien$an a .a(e" o,ible 4e la "*($i(a ,o(ial"od4%(a n4e0o, "o(e,o, o (omo"$amien$o, a a"$i" de lo, ,44e,$o, (ien$í=i(o,e,$able(ido, (omo =4ndamen$o, de la "e,("i$i0idad lo, (4ale, no ,iem"e ,on0alidable, a"a la in0e,$ia(i1n (ien$í=i(a< Re,e($o a la ed4(a(i1n ,e 4ede a=i"ma" 4e a4$o"e, $ale, (omo Ro4,,ea4&la$1n F"oebel # o$"o, no .i(ie"on $eo"ía de la ed4(a(i1n eOli(a$i0a #"edi(a$i0a< S4 "e4e,$a $e1"i(a e,$able(e 4no, ,44e,$o, ,ob"e "a%one, de laed4(abilidad o de la ed4(a(i1n de,de lo, (4ale, ,e debe o"ien$a" (on a""elo a"in(iio, la "*($i(a ed4(a$i0a< E, de(i" e,$able(en "in(iio, # .a(en"e(omenda(ione, ,ob"e la mane"a (omo ,e 4ede # ,e debe .a(e" la ed4(a(i1n<E,$a $eo"ía $iene (a"*($e" "e,("i$i0o<

A,í 4e, la $eo"ía ed4(a$i0a 4$ili%ada a"a =4ndamen$a" 4n "o"ama ed4(a$i0ono ,e di"ie a eOli(a" la, (a4,a, # e=e($o, de lo, =en1meno, o la, "a%one, de ,4na$4"ale%a ,4 =4n(i1n e, "e,("i$i0a o "e(omenda$o"ia e, de(i" a($/a ,ob"e el$odo ,o(ial (on la mi,ma din*mi(a 4e la mo"al # la o'$i(a< L '(%#8 (-"+'*; e, 4n (on4n$o de "in(iio, o"ien$a(ione, #"e(omenda(ione, in$e"(one($ada, # e,$"4($4"ada, a"a in=l4i" ,ob"e la a($i0idaded4(a$i0a< La edaoía e"mi$e ,ele((iona" # "e,ini=i(a" lo, ao"$e, de la,dem*, di,(ilina, # "od4(i" # en"i4e(e" ,4 "oio (ono(imien$o a a"$i" de ,4,o,$4lado, # lo, 4e a ella ,e le o="e(en en la "ela(i1n in$e"di,(ilina"ia 4e le e,(onna$4"al< E,$a (ondi(i1n de la edaoa e"mi$e al ed4(ado" "e(4""i" al *mbi$ode la $eo"ía (on el =in de e,$able(e" # de"i0a" "in(iio, a"a en=o(a" la "*($i(aed4(a$i0a # "e,("ibi" o"ien$a(ione, ,ob"e "o(e,o, (om"ome$ido, en ella,<


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1.3 MODELO En ,4 (on(e(i1n ene"al el modelo de 4na $eo"ía ab,$"a($a e, 4na"e"e,en$a(i1n de la mi,ma $eo"ía ,e/n la (4al $odo, lo, en4n(iado,=4ndamen$ale, # (omlemen$a"io, de la mi,ma $eo"ía "e,4l$an 0e"dade"o,<

De a(4e"do (on la WWI edi(i1n del di((iona"io de la len4a E,a8ola 4bli(adoo" la "eal a(ademia e,a8ola JMad"id 9??!KK al $'"mino modelo ,e le a,inanen$"e o$"a, la, ,i4ien$e, a(e(ione,3 a"4e$io o 4n$o de "e=e"en(ia a"aimi$a"lo o "e"od4(i"lo< E,4ema $e1"i(o ene"almen$e en =o"ma ma$em*$i(a de 4n ,i,$ema o de 4na"ealidad (omlea


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• El (4""í(4lo Je,$"4($4"a a(ad'mi(aK 4e de=ine lo 4e ,e a(4e"da (omo(ono(imien$o 0*lido # ,en$ido de la a((i1n


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Un Modelo e, 4na a"oOima(i1n $e1"i(a /$il en la de,("i(i1n # (om"en,i1n de lo,a,e($o, in$e""ela(ionado, de 4n =en1meno


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Lo, modelo, 4e lo, edaoo, $"adi(ionalmen$e .an "o4e,$o a"a laed4(a(i1n no e"$ene(en a nin4na de e,$a, do, (a$eo"ía, de modelo, #a 4e,4 "o1,i$o eO"e,o no e, de,("ibi" ni ene$"a" en la e,en(ia de la en,e8an%a,ino "elamen$a" # no"ma$i0i%a" el "o(e,o ed4(a$i0o de=iniendo $odo lo 4e ,e

debe"ía en,e8a" a 4i'ne, (on 4' "o(edimien$o, a 4' .o"a, bao 4'"elamen$o di,(ilina"io a"a moldea" (ie"$a, (4alidade, # 0i"$4de, en lo,e,$4dian$e,< Lo, 0%-(%$ *%$,*+%$ ,on e,$"a$eia, lobale, a"a "e=leOiona" ,ob"e $oda,la, (o,a, "eale, e imaina"ia,11< De a.í la amli$4d # 4ni0e",alidad de lo,modelo, 4e la =ilo,o=ía ("ea a"a "e=leOiona" ,ob"e la $o$alidad< E 0/'%-%-*/+'*+%7 ( 0/'%-% *$',#*+%7 ( 0/'%-% ($'#"+'"#7 (#% 9 ")-*(#()+* *0%#')'(7 ") +%,a e, ene"a" 4n m'$odo (omo e,$"a$eia ene"alde "e=leOi1n # "od4((i1n de ,abe" ,ob"e la, (o,a, # lo, (on(e$o, (omo .a(enlo, =il1,o=o, # %'# +%$ ($ $"0*# ( 0/'%-% +%0% ($'#'(g* # #(g#

'#)$0*$*,) 9 -*"$*,) -( $6(#($ 9 +%$'"06#($7 +%0% (+% (-g%g8 $"adi(ional< El +#á+'(# )%#0'*;% di=e"en(ia lo, modelo, $"adi(ionale,en ,4 e,en(ia de lo, modelo, de (ono(imien$o "oio, del ,abe" =ilo,1=i(o o del,abe" (ien$í=i(o< E) ($'( $()'*-%7 %$ 0%-(%$ (-g,g*+%$ "(-() 9 0(#(+() $(# %65('% -()á*$*$ 0(-*)'( 0/'%-%$ $*$'(0á'*+%$ 9 #*g"#%$%$ -( +%)%+*0*()'%. La,(on(e(ione, eda1i(a, .an "e(ibido m/l$ile, (la,i=i(a(ione, 4e deenden en"an a"$e del ee de =o"ma(i1n "edominan$e en lo, in0e,$iado"e, a,í lo,*,$%%$ (-"+'*;%$ di=e"en(ian lo, modelo, eda1i(o, "in(ialmen$e o" la, me$a, aOiol1i(a, o" lo"a" en lo, e,$4dian$e,< Lo, $%+*,%g%$ 9$*+%)*$'$ lo, di,("iminan ,e/n el $io de "ela(i1n a4$o"i$a"ia o no en$"emae,$"o e,$4dian$e o $ambi'n ,e/n el $io de in,$i$4(i1n "e(oni%ada en (adamodelo< Lo, mae,$"o, onen 'n=a,i, en lo, "o(edimien$o, did*($i(o-eOo,i$i0o,<Lo, ,i(1loo, en el (on(e$o de de,a""ollo de lo, ni8o, # $an$o el edaoo$"adi(ionali,$a (omo el $'(ni(o (on la a#4da de la ,i(oloía a,o(ia(ioni,$a ,e"eo(4an o" lo, (on$enido, o" el $io de in=o"ma(i1n de,$"e%a .*bi$o, #(ond4($a, 4e .a# 4e "aba" en lo, e,$4dian$e, de (a"*($e" (l*,i(o .4mani,$aa"a lo, "ime"o, o de (a"*($e" $e(ni(i,$a a"a lo, ,e4ndo,< En $odo modelo eOi,$en =o"ma, a"$i(4la"e, en lo, 4e ,e in$e""ela(ionan (ie"$o,a"*me$"o,3

• P#*0(# #á0('#%3 la, me$a, ,iem"e .an e,$ado "e,en$e, en $odo, lo,edaoo,<

• S(g")-% #á0('#%3 "ela(i1n mae,$"o e,$4dian$e el 4e en,e8a (on o$"o,

4e a"enden<

• T(#+(# #á0('#%3 (omo ,e en,e8a e=i(a%men$e3 el m'$odo


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• C"#'% #á0('#%3 lo, (on$enido, 4e en,e8a" a"a ello ,e =o"m4la $odo

4n de,a""ollo (on(e$4al mo,$"ando (omo el (on$enido de la en,e8an%a nodebe e,$a" "edi,e8ado "e=ab"i(ado o im4e,$o ,ino 4e el e,$4dian$e.abía 4e da"le la oo"$4nidad de eOe"ien(ia o ,ea 4e lo, (on$enido,

lo, =4e"a (on,$"4#endo el mi,mo de a(4e"do (on ,4, "oio, in$e"e,e, #ne(e,idade,<

• E


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m*Oime en la (on$emo"aneidad en la 4e di,onemo, de (on(e$o, # $eo"ía,eda1i(a, eOe"imen$ada, e"o in(aa(e, de "e,ol0e" de =o"ma lobal lo,"oblema, de la en,e8an%a<

1(# P#á0('#%& LAS METAS DE ORMACIÓN12

E +%)+('% -( -($##%% -( ($'"-*)'(3 ino"ado o man$enido imlí(i$amen$eo" la ma#o"ía de lo, do(en$e, ,e m4e0e $ambi'n en 4n lano (a"$e,iano en$"edo, 0e($o"e,3 el "ime"o de ello, di,(4""e en$"e el de,a""ollo 4e ,e ana a,o aa,o o" a,o(ia(i1n de a"endi%ae, ")'"($7 #()'( %'#% %%


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L$ (:(#*()+*$ 9 +%)'()*-%$ %#0'*;%$& e"mi$en # o"ien$an el di,e8o de laen,e8an%a o (4""í(4lo de mane"a, m4# di0e",a, ,e/n la mane"a (omo eldo(en$e "ela(ione la l1i(a del e,$4dian$e (on la l1i(a de la, (ien(ia,< El o$"o eede e,$e $e"(e" a"*me$"o e"mi$e 0a"ia" el (4""í(4lo ,e/n 4e ,e di,e8e a"$iendode lo, lib"o, # de lo, "in(iio, (ien$í=i(o, di=e"en$e al (4""í(4lo 4e a"$e de la0ida (o$idiana de la, ne(e,idade, e in$e"e,e, 0i$ale, de lo, e,$4dian$e,<

EPERIENCIAS Y CONTENIDOS ORMATIVOS14

https://export.writer.zoho.com/public/adrysilvav/MODULO-TEORIAS-Y-MODELOS-PEDAGOGICOS-FUNLAM--TEXTO1/fullpage#fn14https://export.writer.zoho.com/public/adrysilvav/MODULO-TEORIAS-Y-MODELOS-PEDAGOGICOS-FUNLAM--TEXTO1/fullpage#fn14


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L #(+*,) (-g,g*+ el (4a"$o a"*me$"o e"mi$e "e4la" la "ela(i1n mae,$"oe,$4dian$e de mane"a m4# di=e"en$e deendiendo de ,i ,e (en$"a en la$"an,mi,i1n del (ono(imien$o (ien$í=i(o 4e domina el "o=e,o" o en la, idea,$alen$o, in4ie$4de, e in$e"e,e, "e0io, de lo, e,$4dian$e, ,ob"e la ma$e"ia obe$ode en,e8an%a< na$4"almen$e (ambia la (om"en,i1n de la "ela(i1n mae,$"o

e,$4dian$e ,i ',$a ,e .alla media$i%ada o" el ,abe" (4l$4"al # (om4ni$a"io del 4eel e,$4dian$e # la (om4nidad ,on "o$aoni,$a, a di=e"en(ia de la ,i$4a(i1n deen,e8an%a (en$"ada en el ,abe" a(ad'mi(o eO(l4,i0o del "o=e,o"<

REGULACIÓN MAESTRO ALUMNO15

P#á0('#% '/+)*+% -*-á+'*+%& Finalmen$e el 4in$o a"*me$"o eda1i(one(e,a"io a"a enma"(a" la (om"en,i1n el di,e8o # la ee(4(i1n de laen,e8an%a =l4($/a $ambi'n en$"e do, ee, (ada 4no (on ,4, "e,e($i0a,ola"idade,3 ,i la en,e8an%a e,$* (en$"ada en lo, (on$enido, (ien$í=i(o, la,$'(ni(a, de en,e8an%a deben de"i0a",e de la e,e(i=i(idad del (on$enido"e,e($i0o e"o ,i ,e (en$"a en la, .abilidade, # (ome$en(ia, del e,$4dian$e ,one,$a, (ome$en(ia, de en,a" a"4men$a" "oone" o ,en$i" la, 4e ,4e"i"*n el$io de $'(ni(a, 4e .an de 4$ili%a",e<

I4almen$e en el o$"o ee de e,$e a"*me$"o la, $'(ni(a, de en,e8an%a (ambia"*n,e/n ,e (on(iba (omo 4n "o(e,o "e,en(ial 4nilineal "o=e,o" e,$4dian$e en0e% de 4n "o(e,o (om4ni(a$i0o in$e"a($i0o # m4l$idi"e((ional 4e "e4ie"e 4nn4e0o $io de $e(noloía, dii$ale, e in$e"a($i0a,< Como 4ede ob,e"0a",e el(ambio de $'(ni(a, no imli(a (ambio de en=o4e o de modelo eda1i(o< )a,$aen el modelo m*, $"adi(ional de la en,e8an%a de la, (ien(ia, ,e 4ede in(o"o"a" la in=o"m*$i(a # ,4, (om4$ado"e, ,in 4e o" ello ,e $"an,=o"me el en=o4eeda1i(o $"adi(ional<



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MÉTODOS Y TÉCNICAS DE ENSEÑANZA16

L *)'(g#+*,) -( ($'%$ +*)+% #á0('#%$ 9 -(*)*+*,) -( $"$ /)$*$ 9%#*--($ -( '()$*,) $*0"'á)( 9 #'*+"- () '%-%$ %$ #á0('#%$7g()(# %$*6**--($ -*;(#g()'($ -( +%)+(6*# (-"++*,) () +*()+*$ +%0%") (-"++*,) +%)-"+'*$'7 +%)$'#"+'*;*$'7 (:(#*()+* % $%+*. L()$(B) -( $ +*()+*$ $( 6#( ()'%)+($ )"(;$ 8)($ -( (om"e,i1ndel "o(e,o de =o"ma(i1n de la e",ona 4e imli(a la =o"ma(i1n .4manae,$'$i(a # '$i(a del .omb"e in0e,$iado" (omo 4n ,e" "e,on,able de ,í mi,mo #del (ono(imien$o 4e "od4(e a"a bene=i(io # "eo(io "oio de la (om4nidad(ien$í=i(a # de la .4manidad< Lo, (in(o a"*me$"o, eda1i(o, de,("i$o, e,en(iale, a (4al4ie" $eo"ía

eda1i(a no ,on m*, 4e la (on("e(i1n de "in(iio, eda1i(o,=4ndamen$ale, 4e (oma"$en lo, edaoo, (on$emo"*neo, a e,a" de ,4,di=e"en(ia,<

En e=e($o YC1mo e, 4e 4n do(en$e de de$e"minada *"ea ,ele((iona lo,(on$enido, # la, eOe"ien(ia, (ien$í=i(a, a"a la en,e8an%aZ YCon 4' ("i$e"io,4ede "eali%a" e,$a ,ele((i1n ,in me$a, de =o"ma(i1n (la"a,Z &o" ,44e,$o la=o"ma(i1n de lo, 10ene, no e, obe$o de e,$4dio a"a la, (ien(ia, na$4"ale, YC1mo o"dena" lo, (on$enido, # (on(e$o, ,ele((ionado, (on 4' ,e(4en(ia



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(1mo do,i=i(a"lo, # $"ad4(i"lo, al len4ae # a la l1i(a de lo, e,$4dian$e,Z &o"4ela l1i(a de lo, a"endi(e, no e, i4al a la de la, (ien(ia,< lo, a"endi(e, ,on,4e$o, a"a la edaoía no a"a la, (ien(ia, eOe"imen$ale,<

(1mo od"* el do(en$e ene"a" 4na 0e"dade"a en,e8an%a ,in in$e"a($4a" (on lo,e,$4dian$e, ,in a"$i" de ,4, idea, # eOe"ien(ia, "e0ia, ni $ene" en (4en$a la,

(ome$en(ia, e,e"ada, o" lo, e,$4dian$e, # la (om4nidad de 4e .a(en a"$e


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)(+($*-- -( ") (#$(+'*; %#0'*; #g% %7 -( ") (#$(+'*;(-g,g*+7 "($ -( %


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4n =o"mado" in$elien$e a4n4e o" el a%a" de la $"adi(i1n 4eda ob$ene" al4no,"e,4l$ado, en,e8ando (omo a 'l mi,mo le en,e8a"on<

La (on(l4,i1n e, 4e no .a# 4e (on=4ndi" la l1i(a de la, (ien(ia, (on la l1i(adel a"endi%< La e,$"4($4"a l1i(o-,in$*($i(a de 4na di,(ilina (omo (ono(imien$oobe$i0o # =o"mal ,e a"e(e o(o a la, imb"i(a(ione, ,4be$i0a, en$"e eOe"ien(ia,

,in4la"e, # (o$idiana, lo, e,$ilo, indi0id4ale, del (om"ende" la, 0i(i,i$4de,(oni$i0a, d4"an$e la 0ida del e,$4dian$e ,edimen$ada, en in$4i(ione, idea, #(on(e$o, "e0io,<

E 0%;*0*()'% *)'()+*%) -( #()-* ($ (#$%) 9 $"65('*;%79 )% %6$')'( ") 6"() ()$(B) ( (#0*'*#á #%*#$( +#('*;0()'(-( +%)%+*0*()'% %65('*;%. E,$e "o(e,o o(4""e # ,e (4ali=i(a "a(ia, a 4namedia(i1n eda1i(a in$elien$e denominada en,e8an%a (4#o ini(io ,ede,liea en do, momen$o, "e0io, al di,e8o mi,mo de la en,e8an%a3 elmomen$o de la mi"ada o e",e($i0a eda1i(a ,ob"e el (on$enido (ien$í=i(o a"aiden$i=i(a" ,4, (ondi(ione, de en,e8abilidad # el momen$o de la mi"ada

eda1i(a ,ob"e lo, e,$4dian$e, a"a iden$i=i(a" en ello, ,4, (ondi(ione,(oni$i0a, "e0ia, "e,e($o de la (ien(ia 4e ,e le, en,e8a la, 4e llaman lo,mae,$"o, (ondi(ione, del a"endi%ae J,i(o-,o(io-(4l$4"ale,K e"o iden$i=i(ada,e,e(í=i(amen$e a"a el $ema de la en,e8an%a #a de=inida< La ,i4ien$e e, 4na "e"e,en$a(i1n e,4em*$i(a de lo, a"*me$"o, deedaoi%a(i1n de la, di,(ilina, (on mi"a, a ,4 en,e8an%a< 17



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An$e, de "e,en$a" lo, modelo, eda1i(o, 4e $"adi(ionalmen$e ,e "e(ono(enbien 0ale la ena .a(e" 4na (o"$a al4,i1n a la, $"e, 'o(a, de la ed4(a(i1n #a4e en ella, ,e in,("iben lo, di=e"en$e, modelo,


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ÉPOCAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN

• P#*0(# /%+& E-"++*,) '#)$0*$*%)*$' ?%# *0*'+*,) ( *)'((++*,)@# ( '#65% +%(+'*;%

Al "in(iio 41 4n ael imo"$an$e el a"endi%ae "ea"io de ,imle imi$a(i1nba,ado en el ime"a$i0o de .a% J.*aloK (omo #o 4e debi1 ,e"0i" (omo ba,e den4e0o, me(ani,mo, de memo"ia< El "edominio de la a"e,i0idad- ,e 04el0e no,olo ne(e,a"ia ,ino in(oma$ible (on la e0ol4(i1n ,o(ial =4ndada en la memo"ia(ole($i0a # en le ban(o de la in=o"ma(i1n de de,$"e%a, # $e(noloía, (4#o,deo,i$a"io, e"an (on ="e(4en(ia lo, 0ieo, # lo, d'bile,< Si 4e"ían a"o0e(.a" la, eno"me, 0en$aa, de ,abe" lab"a" la ied"a # el .4e,o de 4,a" el =4eo #(o(ina" lo, alimen$o, $enían en$on(e, 4e a,4mi" la de=en,a (ole($i0a no ,olo dela, m4e"e, # lo, ni8o, ,ino $ambi'n de lo, 0ieo, # de lo, miemb"o,eOe"imen$ado, 4e no ,iem"e e"an lo, m*, =4e"$e,3 .abía 4e mode"a" en$on(e, la a"e,i0idadJaa"e(e la mo"alK # ,4"e 4n "o(edimien$o n4e0o la

memo"ia ,o(ial 4e e"mi$e e,$abili%a" # de,a""olla" la obla(i1n .4mana(a"a($e"i%ando # (4ali=i(ando di=e"en(ialmen$e al .omb"e .a,$a (on0e"$i"lo en a($o" # "o$aoni,$a de ,4 "oia .i,$o"ia< E,e "o(edimien$o n4e0o de memo"ia (omo =a($o" de "o"e,o #a no odía"ed4(i",e a ,imle alma(enamien$o de in=o"ma(i1n ,ino 4e a in,$an(ia, del$"abao $"an,=o"mado" ,ob"e la na$4"ale%a el mi,mo "o(edimien$o e"a 4na ma$"i%(ombina$o"ia # 4n "o"ama mae,$"o de "o(edimien$o, e,$"4($4"almen$e (aa(e,de "eelabo"a" # "od4(i" 4na n4e0a in=o"ma(i1n< Al "in(iio e"an lo, ad"e, #ma#o"e, lo, 4e a,4mían la =4n(i1n ed4(a$i0a a"a lo, ni8o, # a"a $odo, (onmi"a, a meo"a" la "od4((i1n (om4ni$a"ia<

• S(g")- /%+& E-"++*,) '#)$0*$*%)*$'7 *-(*$' 9 #*$'%+#á'*+?+%)'# ( '#65% #%-"+'*;%@ . (-- 0(-* ?4F 142@7

C%) ( -($##%% (+%),0*+% -( %$ "(6%$ $( "(#%) -*(#()+*)-%0*)%#8$ -( /*'(


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Com"en,i1n de la, 0e"dade, m*, "o=4nda, 4e e,$*n o" debao # m*, all* dela, dada, en la, le((ione,18

E, en$on(e, () $(g")- /%+ +")-% #(+( ") '*% -( (-"++*,)#*$'%+#á'*+ -%0*))'(7 +"9% *) (# %#0+*,) -( +#á+'(# '#;/$ -(

()$(B) #(*g*%$ 9 0%# 4e en(a"naba 4n (ie"$o ideal $"a,(enden$e ba,adoen el o"den del 4ni0e",o (omo ("eían lo, .ind/e, o en la eemla" e,en(ia.4mana "ealmen$e eOi,$en$e en el m4ndo de la, idea, (omo lo ("eían lo, "ieo,o en(a"nada en e,4("i,$o (omo lo lan$eaba el ("i,$iani,mo< E,$a ed4(a(i1n ,e(omlemen$1- a a"$i" de la demanda de =4n(iona"io, /bli(o,- (on la =o"ma(i1nli$e"a"ia o"a$o"ia la =o"ma(i1n (l*,i(a memo"í,$i(a o" $"adi(i1n o"al al "in(iio #o,$e"io"men$e a $"a0', del e,$4dio de lo, $eO$o, # de a4$o"e, e,$a ed4(a(i1n ,e=4e emob"e(iendo d4"an$e ma, de 0ein$e ,ilo, ,e 0ol0i1 lib"e,(a =o"mali,$a #a"$i=i(io,a .a,$a llea" a "eemla%a" el a"$e de 0i0i" o" a"$e de manea" 0o(ablo,<

• E,$e $io de ed4(a(i1n no ,olo =4e modelo de de,a""ollo d4"an$e la (--

0(-* ?4F 142@7 $*)%


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=o"ma(i1n (oa($i0a del (a"*($e" a $"a0', de la di,(ilina J# de la, di,(ilina,(l*,i(a,K (on el a4$o"i$a"i,mo mai,$e"ial # la ,4mi,a a,i0idad del ni8o en l4a" ,e "oone 0ol(a" la ed4(a(i1n .a(ia # la "od4((i1n ,o(ial JDe;e#K (on lae",e($i0a de ("ea" 4na .4manidad /ni(a # l4"ali,$a # neolibe"al de,me"e(e la(ome$en(ia indi0id4ali,$a # la alinea(i1n (on,4mi,$a< En$on(e, ,e lan$ea

.i,$1"i(amen$e la o,ibilidad de "ea"a" a"a la 0ida (4l$i0ando el e,í"i$4(ole($i0o # la "e,on,abilidad ,o(io (4l$4"al3 la me$a e, 4n indi0id4o leno a"a4na ,o(iedad lena JMaPa"enPoK

A a"$i" de e,$a, $"e, 'o(a, de la ed4(a(i1n ,e lan$ean ,e/n Ra=ael Fl1"e% lo,modelo, eda1i(o, 4e $"adi(ionalmen$e ,e .an (ono(ido3 E 0%-(%(-g,g*+% '#-*+*%)7 E '#)$0*$*%)*$0% +%)-"+'*$'7 ( -($##%*$0%(-g,g*+% 9 P(-g%g8 $%+**$'.

TIPOS DE MODELO PEDAGÓGICO Y SUS CARACTERÍSTICAS

M%-(%

E)$(B)

M/'%-%$

M($'#%

A#()-*5(

%#0+*,)

T#-*+*%)

Cono(imien$o, #

0alo"e,a(4m4lado,

0e"dade,a(abada,(on$enido,

di,o(iado, deeOe"ien(ia, #

Realidade,

Ve"bali,$a A(ademi(i,$aMemo"i%a(i1n

T"an,mi,i1n

A4$o"i$a"io

Memo"iaVol4n$ad

Ree$i(i1n

Ca"*($e" "eliio,o

)4mani,moRa%1n

Ca"*($e" mo"al

C%)-"+'*$'

T"an,mi$i" ,abe"e,

Fia(i1n #(on$"ol del

obe$i0o

T"an,mi,o"

Cambio de(ond4($a

E,$ím4loCond4($aE,$ím4lo

P#%g#($*$'

E,(4ela N4e0a&"ea"a" a"a la

0ida

&"ama$i,mo

Fa(ili$ado" Mediado"

A((i1n (omo(ondi(i1n dela"endi%ae

C%g)%$+'*;*$'9%

D($##%*$'

Va"ian$e de la

E,(4ela< N4e0a<

+"ien$a" (onba,e en el

de,a""ollo dele,$4dian$e

Mani=e,$a(i1nde "o(e,o,(oni$i0o,<

Modi=i(a(i1n,4(e,i0a dein,$"4($i0o,

(oni$i0o,

C#8'*+% $%+* E,(4ela

C"í$i(o,

Caa(i$a(i1n

Len4ae("í$i(o<

Len4ae deo,ibilidade,

Elemen$o, 4e ,e in$e""ela(ionan3


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• Me$a, ed4(a$i0a, • Con$enido, • Rela(i1n "o=e,o" - e,$4dian$e • M'$odo, de a"endi%ae-en,e8an%a-a"endi%ae • De,a""ollo •

Tio de in,$i$4(i1n


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E #%+($% (-"+'*;% () $%+*(-- #*0*'*; ($ +%#'%7 $*0( 9 )'"#7 $(*)*+* +%) +#*) 0'(#)7 d4"a (4a$"o a8o, .a,$a 4e el ni8o ,abe (amina" # (om4ni(a",e o"almen$e ,e e, ad4l$o en lena 4be"$ad # la m4e"$e llea (on="e(4en(ia an$e, de lo, $"ein$a a8o, de edad< La ed4(a(i1n ,o(ial e,$* =o"mada

o" 4eo, in=an$ile, la a#4da de lo, ma#o"e, en la, $a"ea, de a"endi%aee,e(ialmen$e de lo, "i$o, "eliio,o, # ,4 eíloo e, el en$"enamien$o ,4e"io" 4e=inali%a a lo, do(e a8o, de edad< E, 4na ed4(a(i1n e,on$*nea #a 4e no eOi,$enin4na in,$i$4(i1n 4e la ima"$a # e, e,on$*nea o" (4an$o (ada miemb"oin(o"o"a $odo lo 4e e, o,ible "e(ibi" # elabo"a"< Como no eOi,$e la =i4"a delmae,$"o ni de la e,(4ela no eOi,$en obe$i0o, ni "o1,i$o, ed4(a(ionale,=o"male, ,ino 4e la ed4(a(i1n ,e "ed4(e a 4n (on4n$o de a"endi%ae,,4e"0i,ado, in=o"malmen$e o" lo, ma#o"e, 4e ,e #(-"+() -($'#(0)" 9 ++*-- 8$*+7 # $'*$+(# $ )(+($*--($ 6á$*+$7 $+"($ ($'á) ()+0*)-$ 0)'()(# $"(#;*;()+* -( +%(+'*;%.

No eOi,$ían lo, (ono(imien$o, (ien$í=i(o, #a 4e no .abía (ien(ia e"o en $odo,lo, 4eblo, 68 ") +"'"# 0*()#*


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S( -*;*-( $%+*(-- () -%$ +$($ -;(#$#*$& 0*)%#8 g%6(#))'( 9 $"0**


71/155

ed4(a$i0a 4e in(l4#e 4n la"o a"endi%ae .a,$a la adole,(en(ia< La ed4(a(i1n=emenina o" el (on$"a"io e, "ed4(ida 4e, ,e limi$a a a"ende" ,in ,ali" del .oa" a .ila" (o,e" $ee" (an$a" (ola, "eliio,a, # la, $a"ea, "oia, de mad"e,,4mi,a, # abneada,< S1lo la, .e$ai"a, o "o,$i$4$a, "o0enien$e, de ,emen$o,,o(iale, lib"e, no "i0ileiado, 4eden o$a" o" 4na ed4(a(i1n ,imila" a la

ima"$ida a lo, 0a"one,< Sin emba"o la ,o(iedad e,(la0i,$a no ,1lo ("ea elE,$ado la e,("i$4"a la n4me"a(i1n # la e,(4ela adem*, de o$"o, imo"$an$e,lo"o, ,ino 4e ab"e la o,ibilidad de 4e al4no, miemb"o, de la a"i,$o("a(ia ,ededi4en a labo"e, de "e=leOi1n .e"men'4$i(a # al o(io /$il< Di(.a, labo"e,e"mi$en la aa"i(i1n en e,(ena de =il1,o=o, $ale, (omo S1("a$e, J!?-?? a


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ne(e,a"ia a"a oone",e al "o#e($o ed4(a$i0o de la Ile,ia i""4miendo (on la=4nda(i1n de la, denominada, ($+"($ 0")*+*($ la, (4ale, ,on in,$i$4(ione,,ela"e, ,in (on$"ol e(le,i*,$i(o ni e,$a$al # di"iido .a(ia ,4, a"$i(4la"e,in$e"e,e,< En di(.a, e,(4ela, ,e en,e8a le($4"a e,("i$4"a a"i$m'$i(a in(iien$ea"a el (ome"(io # no(ione, de "elii1n a"a a$en4a" lo, a$a4e, de ,4, enemio,

de (la,e< De e,$a mane"a la in(iien$e b4"4e,ía a4la$inamen$e 0a ob$eniendoode" olí$i(o # e(on1mi(o 4e 4$ili%a .*bilmen$e a"a i" di,e8ando 4n ,i,$emaed4(a$i0o a(o"de a ,4, in$e"e,e, # =o"ma" a,í a la, n4e0a, ene"a(ione,< L$($+"($ 0")*+*($7 $ ($+"($ g#(0*($ 9 $ ")*;(#$*--($ (on=o"manla (ol4mna 0e"$eb"al de la ed4(a(i1n b4"4e,a< La Uni0e",idad 4e o,ee ,4,an$e(eden$e, en la, a(ademia, # e,(4ela, de la an$i_edad na(e a"a el e,$4dio"a(ional # (ien$í=i(o de la, di,(ilina, # a"a o$o"a" $í$4lo, "o=e,ionale, a lo,

10ene, 4e lo"en =inali%a" eOi$o,amen$e ,4, e,$4dio,< La, 4ni0e",idade, de S(#)% 9 =%%)* =4e"on do, a"4e$io, 4e na(en en el,ilo WII o" ini(ia$i0a de 4n (on4n$o de 10ene, "i(o, (on de,eo, de a"ende"4e ,e a,o(ian a"a a(o"da" (on al4no, mae,$"o, a lo, (4ale, aan a"a 4ele, en,e8en e"o imoniendo ,4, ("i$e"io,< &a"a ,e" Re($o"-e,$4dian$e en laUni0e",idad de @olonia ,e ne(e,i$aba ,e" (l'"io $ene" 2 a8o, de edad e,$a" en4in$o a8o # 0e,$i" $"ae $ala" JT_nne"mann 9??!3 25K< Una 0e% 4e el "e,$iio dela, 4ni0e",idade, ("e(e # ,e (on,olida lo, mae,$"o, ad4ie"en "i0ileio,,imila"e, a lo, di,(í4lo, el E,$ado # la Ile,ia ob,e"0ado"e, del a(on$e(e" ,o(ial,e in$e"e,an en ,4 (on$"ol ideol1i(o< &a"a di(.o =in le, (on(eden a#4da=inan(ie"a # "i0ileio, (on la (ondi(i1n de de,ina" la, a4$o"idade, 4ni0e",i$a"ia,<E,$o eOli(a 4e la, 4ni0e",idade, ("eada, en ,ilo, ,i4ien$e, (omo lo, (a,o, de&a"í, +O=o"d # Salaman(a en$"e o$"o, lle0an la im"on$a &aal de lo, "e#e, oeme"ado"e, en la, (4ale, ,e 0a de$e"io"ando el ee"(i(io abie"$o # demo("*$i(o eimoni'ndo,e el ode" a4$o"i$a"io< La en,e8an%a 4ni0e",i$a"ia ,e .a(e dom*$i(ae,$a /l$ima e"mi$e la di,(4,i1n e"o ,iem"e bao 'ida o"ien$a(i1n de la,,a"ada, e,("i$4"a, mo$i0o o" el (4al el di,(4",o do(en$e no odía ,4,$en$a",een la "ealidad


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CAPÍTULO 2.TEORÍAS PEDAGÓGICAS

1. CONCEPTUALIZACIONES SO=RE EL MOVIMIENTO DEESCUELA NUEVA

1.1. ANTECEDENTES

El mo0imien$o de "eno0a(i1n eda1i(a (ono(ido (omo E,(4ela N4e0a ,4"e enel ,ilo WIW a4n4e ,e 4ede en(on$"a" #a al4no, de lo, elemen$o, 4e

(a"a($e"i%an e,$e mo0imien$o de,de el Rena(imien$o e, de(i" de,de el ,ilo WVI< A,í o" eemlo a4$o"e, (omo E"a,mo de R1$$e"dam J9592K #a a=i"maba (on"e,e($o a la ed4(a(i1n 4e el (ono(imien$o de la, (o,a, e, m*, imo"$an$e al dela, alab"a, e, an$e"io" en el $iemo F"an(oi,e Rabelai, J952K o" ,4 a"$e,o,$enía 4e la (ien(ia ,in (on(ien(ia no e, m*, 4e "4ina del alma Mi(.elE#4em ,e8o" de Mon$aine J95K lle1 a a=i"ma" 4e .a# 4e ed4(a" el 4i(iodel e,$4dian$e m*, 4e llena" ,4 (abe%a de alab"a,<

D"#)'( ( $*g% VII7 $( )'(6) )"(;$ %#0$ -( +%)%+(#.D($+#'($ ()$" D*$+"#$% -( M/'%-% "e(omendaba no admi$i" nada (omo 0e"dade"o ,i no ,eo="e(e (omo e0iden$e mien$"a, 4e F'nelon ,e8alaba la ne(e,idad de en,e8a" demane"a di=e"en$e a"o0e(.a" la (4"io,idad del ni8o emlea" la in,$"4((i1nindi"e($a "e(4""i" a la in,$"4((i1n a$"a#en$e di0e",i=i(a" la en,e8an%a<

&e"o e, en el ,ilo WVIII (on la 4bli(a(i1n del Emilio de ean a(4e, Ro4,,ea4J97!2K en el 4e el ni8o aa"e(e (omo (en$"o # =in de la ed4(a(i1n ,e ini(ia 4nan4e0a do($"ina eda1i(a< 1.2 UENTES JISTÓRICAS DE LA ESCUELA NUEVA De ,ilo en ,ilo a a"$i" del R()+*0*()'% ,ilo WI # WVI ,e al%an 0o(e, a"a"o$e,$a" (on$"a la, in,4=i(ien(ia, de la edaoía $"adi(ional< Son la, de E"a,mode Mon$aine # Rabelai, la, de F'nelon # de De,(a"$e, la de Ro4,,ea4=inalmen$e la m*, elo(4en$e # m*, -(+*$*;. E) ($'( $()'*-% ( (+% -(


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Uno, # o$"o, mani=ie,$an a=e($o o" el ni8o # no admi$en 4e ,e le $"a$e (onb"4$alidad ni ,i4ie"a o" ,4 bien< Todo, ,in eO(e$4a" a Ro4,,ea4 (on(iben laedaoía /ni(amen$e en ,4, neOo, (on la an$i_edad # (om4lan a 0e(e, (on=e"0o" en el (4l$o de la, le$"a,< S1lo di=ie"en en ene"al lo, medio, o" lo, (4ale,"o(4"an en(amina" al ni8o<

Debe de(i",e $ambi'n 4e ,e (om"4eba 4na 4nanimidad en (4an$o a lab/,4eda de 4na 0e"dade"a edaoía $eleol1i(a # ,4 "e=leOi1n lo, lle0ana$4"almen$e al (ono(imien$o del ni8o< L (-g%g8


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• E "(#%+()'#*$0%

La ,i(oloía (ien$í=i(a # en a"$i(4la" la a"$e de ella 4e (on(ie"ne al ni8o ab"eel (amino de e,$e modo a 4na e"a eda1i(a "ela$i0amen$e no0edo,a en la 4e

el a(en$o ,e one "(#'(0()'( $%6#( ( )*B% en o$"a, alab"a, ina44"a la e"adel 4e"o(en$"i,mo ,a$i,=a(iendo la, in$4i(ione, de Ro4,,ea4< Sin d4da .4bo en (ada e"íodo de la .i,$o"ia e",ona, in$elien$e, a"a den4n(ia" la, in,4=i(ien(ia, de 4n ,i,$ema 4e ,o4%aba al e4e8o al 4e "e$endía ,e"0i"<Se 4ede a=i"ma" 4e el amo" al ni8o (on(ebido (omo 0i"$4d eda1i(a no e,="4$o de la 'o(a mode"na< La =amo,a ='"4la de lo, an$i4o, 0i,$a, la, (o,a, de(e"(a no debe (on=4ndi",e (on el l*$io in$e"a 4na e,e(ie de dial'($i(adi,(ilina"ia de e,en(ia "eliio,a # en "in(iio no debía admini,$"a",e ,ino (omo/l$imo a"4men$o< De i4al modo ,i ,e eOaminan (on ,e"enidad # a$en(i1n lo,,i,$ema, eda1i(o, del a,ado ,e llea a de(i" 4e la dedi(a(i1n # el ,en$ido

de la o"ani%a(i1n de lo, =4ndado"e, de e,(4ela, e,e(ialmen$e a a"$i" del ,iloWVII a"an$i%aban (ie"$a ada$abilidad a lo, ni8o,< De e,$a mane"a (4an$o m*, a0an%a la (ien(ia m4l$ili(ando lo, 4n$o, de 0i,$a #a=inando ,4, m'$odo, m*, ,e 0a .a(iendo o,ible (on,$"4i" (on $"a%o, o,i$i0o,lo 4e ,e llama ,i(oloía del ni8o a ,í mi,mo la no(i1n del mo"ali,mo # la,$eo"ía, ,imli,$a, del ,en,4ali,mo # del a,o(ia(ioni,mo ,e e,=4man< E) %'#$ 6#$& $( -(5 -( +#((#


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En e,$o o" o$"a a"$e e, "e(on=o"$an$e3 lo, ad"e, 4e (on=ían a ,4 .io o a ,4.ia a lo, ed4(ado"e, n4e0o, "e(iben en "in(iio la a"an$ía de 4e n4n(a ,e lo,a.oa"* en la ma,a indi0i,a de 4na (la,e (ole($i0a ,ino 4e (ada 4no "e$end"* la,oli(i$4d l/(ida # a=e($4o,a de ,4 ed4(ado"<

E, i4almen$e 4na e,(4ela a($i0a< La a($i0idad $"a$ada ,e in,i"a en la le#=4ndamen$al de la ed4(a(i1n =4n(ional (on=o"me a la (4al la =4n(i1n ("ea el1"ano # m*, "e(i,amen$e en la, "ela, ene"ale, de la (ond4($a .4mana< U)($+"(7 )% ($ ($+"( +'*; %#


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mode"na, en edaoíaZ En inenio,a, ob,e"0a(ione, ,ob"e la e,(4ela el(4e"o del ni8o la 0i,i1n # la a4di(i1n e"o ,ob"e$odo la in$elien(ia la memo"ia #la, a$i$4de,<

En =in e, ,abido 4e la ob"a de 4iene, .ab"*n de 4eda" "obablemen$e

"ei,$"ado, en la .i,$o"ia de la, (ien(ia, de la ed4(a(i1n (omo lo, "e"e,en$an$e,m*, eminen$e, de la psicología delni!o .a,$a 9?!-9?!5 J&iae$ @o4"ade6allon


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lo, "ande, deba$e, (ien$í=i(o, # a la, di,(4,ione, ,ob"e m'$odo, elabo"ado, o" lo, edaoo, in(on=o"mi,$a,< Si "e$endie"a e,(aa" de ello, $end"ía 4e al%a" 4nm4"o de ,ilen(io en$"e ella # el m4ndo (4ando $an$o, # $an ode"o,o, ,on lo,medio, de (om4ni(a(i1n mode"na del en,amien$o 4e día a día le lle0an ,4,e(o,<

&e"o .a# di0e",a, mane"a, de "ea((iona" an$e e,a, in=l4en(ia,< E, o,ible $ene" en (4en$a en (ie"$a medida la, le((ione, de la (ien(ia "e=o"mando (ada (4al ,4,"*($i(a, o"4e no ,e e,$* m4# ,e4"o de 4e lo, e,e(iali,$a, .a#an di,(e"nido$oda la 0e"dad e, o,ible $ambi'n llea" .a,$a la, /l$ima, (on,e(4en(ia, Jla,/l$ima, al meno, 4e ,e e"(iben en de$e"minado momen$o de la .i,$o"iaKliando 4no ,4 ,4e"$e (on la 0e"dad (ien$í=i(a (o""iendo el "ie,o a"a ("ea" (onel (4",o del $iemo ,ol4(ione, o"iinale,< E,$a =4e la o"ien$a(i1n ini(ial de laE,(4ela N4e0a 4e ,ob"ea,ada .o# o" (o""ien$e, m*, ode"o,a, =4e ,inemba"o de,de ,4, o"íene, =4ndamen$almen$e "e0ol4(iona"ia<

• P(-g%g8 -( *)'(#/$ La ad.e,i1n al "o(e,o de a4$o ed4(a(i1n (ond4(e a 4na edaoía ba,ada en elin$e"', 4e eO(l4#e $oda idea de "o"ama im4e,$o< El ed4(ado" #a no ,e di"ieal ni8o (on lo, b"a%o, (a"ado, de e,o, $e,o"o, a(4m4lado, (on la, a"$e, la,$'(ni(a, la, mo"ale, (omo ,e di(e3 #a no ,4e8a (on o="e('",elo, al ni8o,abiendo 4e ,on in(om4ni(able,3 o" lo (on$"a"io #%+"# -($()'#B# $+%##($%)-()+*$ ()'#( $ )(+($*--($ -( ($'"-*)'( 9 %$ %65('%$++($ -( $'*$+(#$<

L ($+"( () ;*-. L%


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in=o"ma",e o"ani%ando in(l4,o la (o""e,onden(ia # el in$e"(ambio en$"e la,e,(4ela,< L *)*-- K'*0 -( E$+"( N"(; ($ *)$(#+*,) () +*;**+*,). E)($'( $()'*-% ($ (0*)()'(0()'( $%+*7 #'(#)7 +%0")*'#*7 +%0% en ello .a

in,i,$ido Fe""ie"e 4e (on,a"a 4n lib"o al "o"e,o e,i"i$4al # 4e a,e4"a 4e lae,(4ela a($i0a .ab"* de ,al0a" al m4ndo


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(omo la ni$ide% del $"a%ado la .omoeneidad del (olo" la 4l("i$4d< .. L E$+"(N"(;7 %# ( +%)'##*%7 *)'#%-"+*#á 65% ( #,'"% -( +'*;*--($ *6#($ '%-") $(#*( -( '#65%$ -($'*)-%$ -($##%# () ( )*B% *0g*)+*,)7 (($8#*'" -( *)*+*'*;7 9 () +*(#' 0(-*- "-+* +#(-%#& dib4o, in$4"a,# modelado, lib"e, $"abao, lib"e, eOo,i(ione, lib"e, en$e o$"o, .a,$a llea" a

lo, =amo,o, te*tos libres 4e F"eine$ $end"* la idea de .a(e" im"imi" # 4e ,on ala 0e% o(4a(ione, (o.e"en$emen$e liada, en (4an$o "aOi, eda1i(a a la,(on(l4,ione, de la ,i(oloía =4n(ional e in,$"4men$o, de dian1,$i(o ,i(ol1i(o4e,$o 4e "e"e,en$an o$"a, $an$a, ,i$4a(ione, "o#e($ada,< a no ,e $"a$a ,olamen$e de 4e el ni8o a,imile lo "eal (ono(ido ,ino de ini(ia",een el "o(e,o o" el (4al ,e (ono(e lo "eal # de a0an%a" #a o" el (amino de laindaa(i1n () ($'( $()'*-% ($' (-g%g8 -( +#(+*,) ($ ($()+*0()'(0%-(#) %#


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a 4$ili%a" m*4ina, de en,e8a"< F4e"a de lo, ime"a$i0o, de la in,$"4((i1n b*,i(aJlee" e,("ibi" (on$a"K a"a lo, (4ale, o" o$"a a"$e la E,(4ela N4e0a ina44"am'$odo, o $'(ni(a, in'di$a, (omo el 0/'%-% g%6 -( (+'"#7 la *0#()'($+%# % ( 0/'%-% 0%)'($$%#*)% de lo, di('-%$ 0"-%$ no ,e "oone alo, e,$4dian$e, nin/n ideal (4l$4"al< No ,e $"a$a #a de $ene" .a(ia el le$"ado

(on$"a $oda, la, "e,i,$en(ia, de la na$4"ale%a ,ino de -($##%# (#$%)*-- $(gK) $"$ %$*6**--($7 $"$ '()'%$7 $"$ g"$'%$< L "'%-*$+**). La E$+"( N"(; #('()-( #((0# -*$+**) (:'(#*%# %# "'%##(g"+*,) -( g#"% 9 -( *)-*;*-"%7 disciplina interior librementeconsentida. Adol.e (##*(#( ")'"* $8 $"$ 0%'*;%$& () #*0(# "g#7 si se desea tener ciudadanos capaces de conducir el barco del Estado, hay que empezar por formarlosH "(g%7 # -($##%# () ( )*B% ( $()'*-% -(

5"$'*+* %# ( (5(#+*+*% -( ") +'*;*-- 5"-*+*H *)0()'(7 %#


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&e"o a e,a" de la di0e",idad lo, e,$a$4$o, de la lia de 9?29 ,in$e$i%an lo 4e e,# =4e la o"ien$a(i1n de la E,(4ela N4e0a< &"ea"a" al ni8o a"a el $"i4n=o dele,í"i$4 ,ob"e la ma$e"ia "e,e$a" # de,a""olla" la e",onalidad del ni8o =o"ma" el(a"*($e" # de,a""olla" la, o$en(ialidade, in$ele($4ale, a"$í,$i(a, # ,o(iale, "oio,

del ni8o en a"$i(4la" median$e el $"abao man4al # la o"ani%a(i1n de 4nadi,(ilina e",onal lib"emen$e a(e$ada # el de,a""ollo del e,í"i$4 de (ooe"a(i1nla (oed4(a(i1n # la "ea"a(i1n del =4$4"o (i4dadano de 4n .omb"e (on,(ien$e dela dinidad de $odo ,e" .4mano 23

E,$e (ambio en la (on(e(i1n o =inalidad de la ed4(a(i1n e,$aba a(oma8ado de4na, e,$"a$eia, o $'(ni(a, $enden$e, a e,$im4la" # a"o0e(.a" lo, in$e"e,e, #o$en(ialidade, del-ni8o< E, de(i" la E,(4ela N4e0a "e$ende da" 4na "e,4e,$a a(ada 4no de lo, a,e($o, del $"abao ed4(a$i0o< )a# 4e "e(ono(e" 4e o$"a (a"a($e"í,$i(a ene"al de la E,(4ela N4e0a e, ,4(ondi(i1n eli$i,$a< EO(e$o en al/n (a,o (on("e$o lo, n4e0o, edaoo, nollea"on a la, (la,e, ,o(iale, meno, =a0o"e(ida, ni llea"on a obla(ione,"4"ale,Q L E$+"( N"(; #()'( )*B% E$' (-"++*,) '*()( +%0% 6$( $*+%%g8 -( -($##%% *))'*. S(*0%)( ()'%)+($ %6*g+*,) -( '()(# ") *0g() 5"$' -( )*B%7 '#'# +- ")% $(gK) $"$ '*'"-($7 (#0*'*#( )*B% -# '%-% $" #%* medida<La in=an(ia e, 4na edad de la 0ida 4e $iene ,4 =4n(ionalidad # ,4 =inalidad "eidao" le#e, "oia, # ,ome$ida, a ne(e,idade, a"$i(4la"e,< La ed4(a(i1n debeen$on(e, a"an$i%a" al ni8o la o,ibilidad de 0i0i" ,4 in=an(ia =eli%men$e<

De e,$a o,$4"a ,e de,"ende 4e no .a# a"endi%ae e=e($i0o ,i no ,e a"$e delo, in$e"e,e, # ne(e,idade, del ni8o< La no(i1n de libe"$ad ,e de,"ende de loan$e"io" o" e,$o lo, n4e0o, edaoo, (on,ide"an 4e el ni8o e, lib"e # 4edebe 0i0i" en 4n ambien$e de libe"$ad< En (on$"ao,i(i1n a la e,(4ela $"adi(ional la(4al imonía al ni8o 4no, modelo, e,$able(ido, o" el ad4l$o # a lo, 4e lleaba"a(ia, a la 4ía # (4,$odia del mi,mo ad4l$o< &a"a la n4e0a edaoía e,e,en(ial 4e el )*B% "(- (0#()-(# $"$ 6K$


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La #(+*,) 0($'#% "0)% $"#( ") '#)$%#0+*,) () E$+"( N"(;.D( ") #(+*,) -( %-(# $"0*$*,) -- () E$+"( T#-*+*%) $($"$'*'"9( %# ") #(+*,) -( (+'% 9 +0#-(#8. E, m*, imo"$an$e la=o"ma de (ond4(i",e del mae,$"o 4e la alab"a< El mae,$"o ,e"* 4n a4Oilia" dellib"e # e,on$*neo de,a""ollo del ni8o La a4$odi,(ilina e, 4n elemen$o in(o"o"ado en e,$a n4e0a "ela(i1n el mae,$"o

(ede el ode" a ,4, e,$4dian$e, a"a (olo(a"lo, en o,i(i1n =4n(ional dea4$oobie"no 4e lo, lle0e a (om"ende" la ne(e,idad de elabo"a" # ob,e"0a" "ela,< &e"o 4e no ,on im4e,$a, de,de el eO$e"io" o" 4n $i"ano 4e la, .a(e"e,e$a" 4$ili%ando (.an$ae, o (a,$io, (o"o"ale, ,ino 4e ,on "ela, 4e .an,alido del "4o (omo eO"e,i1n de la 0ol4n$ad o4la"< Como "e,4l$ado de e,$a libe"$ad o$o"ada al ni8o el mae,$"o debe 4a" 4n aelm4# di,$in$o al ee"(ido .a,$a a.o"a o" la 0iea e,(4ela< La "ela(i1node"-,4mi,i1n e, ,4,$i$4ida o" 4na "ela(i1n de a=e($o # (ama"ade"ía 4ein(l4,o ,e"olona m*, all* del .o"a"io e,(ola"


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&a"a il4,$"a" el (ambio en e,$e a,e($o de la ed4(a(i1n ba,$a $oma" e,$a ="a,e de6.i$e.ead3 S1lo eOi,$e 4n $ema a"a la ed4(a(i1n3 la 0ida en $oda, ,4,mani=e,$a(ione,


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#(-%0*)) %$ +%(+'*;%$ # o$"a o" %$ 8$($ '*)%$7


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ob$40o la, idea, 4e ali(1 en 4na e,(4ela "ima"ia ,4e"io"< Se-*(#()+*7 () #*0(# '/#0*)%7 -(


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e"=e((ion*ndo,e< En lo e,en(ial (on,i,$e en lle0a" a la e,(4ela el mi,moe,í"i$4 de a($i0idad e,on$*nea 4e "eali%an lo, ni8o, =4e"a de ella (one,$e =in ,e le (on(ede la libe"$ad de a"4a",e a"a "eali%a" lo, $"abao, 4ele, in$e"e,an el mae,$"o no in$e"0iene m*, 4e (omo ob,e"0ado" o a lo,4mo (omo (on,ee"o< La, a($i0idade, ,e a"4an en "ande, "/b"i(a, #

a"a "eali%a"la, ,e lle0an =i(.e"o, # "ei,$"o, o" lo, mi,mo, ni8o, 4e"e(oen el ma$e"ial # lo (ali=i(an<

• L "'%)%08 -( %$ "0)%$3 a4n4e no (on,$i$4#e 4n m'$odo"oiamen$e di(.o ,ino 4na =o"ma de ed4(a(i1n ,o(ial $iene ,in emba"o(a"a($e"e, 4e le a,emean a lo, m'$odo, de la ed4(a(i1n n4e0a< LaA"'%)%08 de lo, Al4mno, "e0i,$e =o"ma, m4# di0e",a, de,de la me"aa"$i(ia(i1n en el (4idado del o"den de la, (la,e, # la =o"ma(i1n de,o(iedade, # (l4be, e,(ola"e, .a,$a la o"ani%a(i1n de a,amblea,deba$e, $"ib4nale, en$"e o$"o,< En ene"al la idea de la "'%)%08 -( %$"0)%$ $( *+ %9 () +$* '%-%$ %$ '*%$ -( (-"++*,)7

()+%0()-# (%$ #(*+*,) -( +*(#'$ '#($ 9 +'*;*--($. • L +%0")*-- ($+%#&(omo la a4$onomía de lo, e,$4dian$e, la

Com4nidad E,(ola" e, $ambi'n 4n $io de o"ani%a(i1n m*, 4e 4nm'$odo< En ella in$e"0ienen no ,1lo lo, e,$4dian$e, ,ino $ambi'n lo, ad"e,# lo, mae,$"o, =o"mando 4na 4nidad o en$idad 4e ,ob"ea,a la me"a 0idae,(ola"< U) %#0 ($(+* -( ( $%) las ComunidadesEscolaresLibres y las Escuelas en Comunidad ,4"ida, en Alemania # 4e #a ,e.an men(ionado< +$"a =o"ma la (on,$i$4#en la, llamada, RepúblicasInfantiles () $


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En mediado, del ,ilo WW o$"o ,i(1loo ame"i(ano @< F< S*))(# de,a""oll1 4nao,i(i1n (ono(ida (omo C%)-"+'*$0% R-*+ % C%)-"+'*$0% =$(. É($'6 -( +"(#-% +%) %*)*,) -( '$%) -(


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• E, 4na Teo"ía A,o(ia(ioni,$a 4e imli(a 4e el (ono(imien$o del,e" .4mano ,e (omone ,olamen$e de im"e,ione, e idea,<

Ambien$ali,$a o"4e in=l4#e (on,ide"ablemen$e en el a"endi%ae dela e",ona< Red4((ioni,$a o"4e no "e(ono(e lo, "o(e,o, men$ale,del en,amien$o<

•

Tambi'n $iene ,4 ba,e en la, (o""ien$e, =ilo,1=i(a,3 emi"i,moo,i$i0i,mo "ama$i,mo # e0ol4(ioni,mo<• &a"a el Cond4($i,mo el a"endi%ae e, 4n (ambio "ela$i0amen$e

e"manen$e de la (ond4($a 4e ,e lo"a median$e la "*($i(a # en 4nain$e"a((i1n "e(i"o(a de lo, indi0id4o, # ,4 ambien$e<

• El Cond4($i,mo (on,ide"a al ,e" .4mano (omo 4n ,e" a,i0o (a"en$e deiden$idad # de in$en(ione,< Lo (oma"a (on 4na m*4ina<

2.3. TEORÍA DEL PROCESAMIENTO JUMANO DE GAGNÉ

• Gan' ,i4e (on,ide"ando al ,e" .4mano (omo 4na m*4ina< &e"o m*,

"e(i,amen$e (omo 4na m*4ina de "o(e,amien$o de da$o,J(om4$ado"aK


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• M%'*;+*,) -( #()-*& ($ ( +%)5")'% -( ++*--($7-*$%$*+*%)($7 6**--($ ( *)'(#($($


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• E0en$o "e=o"%an$e3 ,e $"a$a de la en$"ea de al/n e,$ím4lo del ambien$e4e ,a$i,=a(e al4na ne(e,idad del o"ani,mo 4e a"ende Jla en$"ea de4n "emioK


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E,$a $eo"ía en$iende 4e ,i el "o(e,o de a"endi%ae (onlle0a el alma(enamien$ode la in=o"ma(i1n en la memo"ia no e, ne(e,a"io e,$4dia" lo, "o(edimien$o, dee,$ím4lo-"e,4e,$a ,ino a$ende" a lo, ,i,$ema, de "e$en(i1n # "e(4e"a(i1n deda$o, a la, e,$"4($4"a, men$ale, donde ,e aloa"an e,$a, in=o"ma(ione, # a la,=o"ma, de a($4ali%a(i1n de e,$a,

En el de,a""ollo de la e",e($i0a (ono,(i$i0a .a# 4e di,$in4i" do, *0%#')'($0%0()'%$ () %


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&lan$eamien$o, de al4no, a4$o"e,3 VICO& ,olo ,e 4ede (ono(e" a4ello 4e la, e,$"4($4"a, (oni$i0a, e"mi$en(on,$"4i"<

ANT& ,olo e, (on(ebible el =en1meno la (o,a en ,i no e, (ono(ible


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"e4n$a, de,a=ian$e, ,ob"e ,4 ,abe" "e0io la, ,i$4a(ione, de,e,$abili%ado"a,la, "o4e,$a, o "o#e($o, "e$ado"e, en$"e o$"o,<

Adem*, de lo an$e"io" el a"endi%ae debe e,$a" e,$"i($amen$e "ela(ionado (on ele,$adio de de,a""ollo del e,$4dian$e #a 4e de o$"a mane"a ',$e ,e"ía in(aa% de

a"ende"< Lo, =a($o"e, mo$i0a(ionale, de la ,i$4a(i1n de a"endi%ae ,onin.e"en$e, al e,$4dian$e # no ,on o" lo $an$o mani4lable, di"e($amen$e o" el"o=e,o"< La mo$i0a(i1n del e,$4dian$e ,e de"i0a de la eOi,$en(ia de 4nde,e4ilib"io (on(e$4al # de la ne(e,idad del e,$4dian$e de "e,$able(e" ,4e4ilib"io< La en,e8an%a debe ,e" laneada a"a e"mi$i" 4e el e,$4dian$emani4le lo, obe$o, de ,4 ambien$e $"an,=o"m*ndolo, en(on$"*ndole, ,en$idoa,o(i*ndolo, in$"od4(i'ndole, 0a"ia(ione, en ,4, di0e",o, a,e($o, .a,$a e,$a" en (ondi(ione, de .a(e" in=e"en(ia, l1i(a, # de,a""olla" n4e0o, e,4ema, #n4e0a, e,$"4($4"a, men$ale,< En ,ín$e,i, ,e 4ede "e,en$a" la, ,i4ien$e, idea, e &iae$ 3

• Rela(i1n din*mi(a # no e,$*$i(a en$"e el ,4e$o # el obe$o


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A a"$i" de lo, "in(iio, de e,$a, $eo"ía, en el 4e ,e (on,ide"a 4e la, idea, no,on "e=leo de la "ealidad ,ino 4na (on,$"4((i1n .e(.a o" lo, indi0id4o, ,e"e,en$an a ni0el ene"al lo, ao"$e, a la ei,$emoloía la ,i(oloía laedaoía # la did*($i(a<

3.2.1 E) ( +0% -( (*$'(0%%g8 &iae$ ao"$a ,ini=i(a$i0amen$e a la ei,$emoloía (on$emo"*nea al demo,$"a" 4e la "ela(i1n (on el m4ndo e,$* media$i%ada o" la, "e"e,en$a(ione, men$ale,del indi0id4o la, (4ale, e,$*n o"ani%ada, en =o"ma de e,$"4($4"a, e"a"4i%ada,# 0a"ían ,ini=i(a$i0amen$e a"a 'l e,$o, me(ani,mo, del a"endi%ae ,on i4ale,en lo, di=e"en$e, momen$o, del de,a""ollo e0ol4$i0o del indi0id4o<

&a"a &iae$ lo, me(ani,mo, del a"endi%ae ,on i4ale, en lo, di=e"en$e,momen$o, del de,a""ollo e0ol4$i0o e indeendien$e, del (on$enido 4e 0a a ,e" a"endido< )a# 4e de,$a(a" la "ei0indi(a(i1n del ael a($i0o del ,4e$o en el"o(e,o de a"oia(i1n de la (4l$4"a el (ono(imien$o no e, (oia de la "ealidad,ino 4na elabo"a(i1n en la 4e 'l (4mle 4n ael e,en(ial a4n4e .a# 4e"e(ono(e" 4e el "i0ileio de la, a((ione, indi0id4ale, # la o(a imo"$an(ia dadaa la (4l$4"a # a lo, mediado"e, en e,$e "o(e,o ,on 4na, de la, "in(iale,limi$a(ione, a($4ale,< 3.2.2 E) ( +0% -( $*+%%g8

En e,$e (amo lo, ao"$e, de P*g('7V*g%'97 =#")(# 9 A"$"6( e"mi$en"e(o(e" a0an(e, ,ini=i(a$i0o, en la (om"en,i1n de 0a"iable, # la na$4"ale%a dela"endi%ae<

&iae$ lo"o "e,ol0e" el "oblema en $o"no a la na$4"ale%a la, (a"a($e"í,$i(a, lo,

me(ani,mo, # la din*mi(a de lo, "o(e,o, de (ono(imien$o .4mano<Vio$%P# o" ,4 ao"$e abo"da"* la "e4n$a ,ob"e la na$4"ale%a # lo, me(ani,mo,de a"endi%ae 4e e"mi$en al indi0id4o ad4i"i" in=o"ma(i1n 4e "e0iamen$e elm4ndo ,o(ial # (4l$4"al #a .a (on,$"4ido lo an$e"io" e"mi$e "e,ol0e" in$e""oan$e,"e,e($o a la na$4"ale%a # lo, me(ani,mo, del (ono(imien$o del a"endi%ae # delol0ido a a"$i" de e,$a, "e4n$a, ,e .a lo"ado e,$able(e" el ael de la(om"en,i1n la media(i1n la (4l$4"a lo ,o(ial # el e4ilib"io en$"e o$"o,< 3.2.3 E) ( +0% -( (-g%g8

&a"a Vio$%P# el a"endi%ae no e, 4na a($i0idad indi0id4al ,ino m*, bien ,o(ial

,e 0alo"a la imo"$an(ia de la in$e"a((i1n ,o(ial en el a"endi%ae< Se .a(om"obado 4e el e,$4dian$e a"ende m*, e=i(a%men$e (4ando lo .a(e en =o"ma(ooe"a$i0a< C4al4ie" =4n(i1n "e,en$e en el de,a""ollo (4l$4"al del ni8o aa"e(edo, 0e(e, en do, lano, di,$in$o,3 "ime"o a ni0el ,o(ial a ni0el in$e"e",onal #,1lo de,4', a ni0el indi0id4al a ni0el ,i(ol1i(o<

E, ne(e,a"io 4e $odo a4ello 4e e, in$e"no en la, =o"ma, ,4e"io"e, .a#a ,idoeO$e"no e, de(i" 4e =4e"a a"a o$"o, lo 4e a.o"a e, a"a 4no mi,mo< Toda


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=4n(i1n ,i(ol1i(a ,4e"io" a$"a0ie,a ne(e,a"iamen$e 4na e$aa eO$e"na en ,4de,a""ollo #a 4e ini(ialmen$e e, 4na =4n(i1n ,o(ial


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en $'"mino, de e,$a $eo"ía e, "eali%a" el $"an,i$o del ,en$ido l1i(o al ,en$ido,i(ol1i(o .a(e" 4e 4n (on$enido in$"ín,e(amen$e l1i(o ,e .aa ,ini=i(a$i0oa"a 4ien a"ende< El a"endi%ae (on ,en$ido e, el me(ani,mo m*, indi(adoa"a ad4i"i" # 4a"da" la eno"me (an$idad de idea, e in=o"ma(ione, de 4edi,one (ada di,(ilina del (ono(imien$o


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m4e,$"a la deenden(ia del m4ndo $e1"i(o (on el m4ndo de lo, .e(.o, e,de(i" el m4ndo ,o(ial< La =inalidad de la $eo"ía (on,i,$e en `la eman(ia(i1ndel .omb"e de la e,(la0i$4d 33< A,imi,mo a"a Ado"no la $eo"ía e,`indi,4$ablemen$e ("í$i(a34 # a"a Ma"(4,e (omo el en,amien$o dial'($i(o(omo =o"ma de ("í$i(a =4n(iona (one($ando (ono(imien$o # domina(i1n `el

/l$imo "o1,i$o debe ,e" el en,amien$o ("í$i(o o" el in$e"', en el (ambio,o(ial En e,$a $eo"ía ,e ,ome$en a ("í$i(a $oda, a4ella, (on,ide"a(ione, 4e e,$*n"ela(ionada, (on el "o(e,o de en,e8an%a $omando (omo 0*lida,a4ella, 4e=a0o"e(en el "o(e,o de a"endi%ae # ed4(a(i1n de .abilidade, # (aa(idade,"e(.a%*ndo,e la, 4e in$e"=ie"en de 4na 4 o$"a =o"ma (on el de,a""ollo de lo,mi,mo,< Se "e,en$a (omo 4na in$e"a(i1n de $odo, lo, =a($o"e, 4e in=l4#eno,i$i0amen$e en la e0ol4(i1n de la a($i0idad (ono,(i$i0a del ,e" .4mano en ,4"*($i(a de b/,4eda .a(ia el en(4en$"o de lo, ("i$e"io, de 0e"dad # deali(abilidad en el (omleo "o(e,o de $"an,=o"ma(i1n de la "ealidad en(o""e,onden(ia (on la, "io"idade, de$e"minada, o" lo, in$e"e,e, #mo$i0a(ione, del ,4e$o (ono,(en$e # del medio ,o(ial en 4e ,e de,en04el0e< L '(%#8 +#8'*+ -( ()$(B) #(+%)%+( ( +%)%+*0*()'% )% +%0% ")#%-"+'% "'% ()g()-#-% +" $( ++(-( -( 0)(# *0#%;*$-7 $*)%#(+%##*()-% %$ +0*)%$ -( -*$+**) *)'((+'"7 -%)-( ( $"5('% $(#%* -( #(*-- %65('*; 0(-*)'( ") $(#*( -( #%+(-*0*()'%$ %+'*;*--($ *)'(g#-$7 )% )*(g %$ +%)'()*-%$7 )* '0%+% #%-"++*,)+*()'8*+. A +%)'##*%7 *)$*$'( () $" ($'"-*% +#8'*+0()'(7 ($ -(+*#7)*)-% -('-0()'( %$ +%)'()*-%$ -( +"(#-% +%) %$ #%6(0$$%+*($7 +"'"#($ 9 %8'*+%$.

4.1LA ENSEÑANZA CRÍTICA En la, ob"a, de Ca"" # emmi, ,e .abla de la en,e8an%a ("í$i(a (omo 4na#((:*,) (#0)()'( -( -%+()'( $%6#( $"$ #%*%$ +%)%+*0*()'%$#á+'*+%$ 9 '(,#*+%$. P%# +%)$*g"*()'(7 $( - $% ()$(B) +%0% ")#á+'*+ #%($*%)< E,$a "*($i(a "o=e,ional imli(a 4n (om"omi,o (on la$"an,=o"ma(i1n de la ed4(a(i1n # 4n an*li,i, ("í$i(o e"manen$e de la mi,ma<

Un obe$i0o =4ndamen$al a"a la "*($i(a "o=e,ional e, la ("ea(i1n de(om4nidade, ("í$i(a, 4e o" medio de la in0e,$ia(i1n-a((i1n ene"en 4nan4e0a $eo"ía al$e"na$i0a a"a la ed4(a(i1n< La in0e,$ia(i1n-a((i1n e, 4n "o(e,oe,i"al "e=leOi0o 4e (on,i,$e en la ee(4(i1n de (i(lo, ,4(e,i0o, de lanea(i1na((i1n ob,e"0a(i1n # "e=leOi1n<

Ca"" # emmi, "eali%an 4na di,(4,i1n .i,$1"i(a de 0a"io, a4$o"e, a"a ,e8ala" elo,ible o"ien de la en,e8an%a ("í$i(a< En "ime" l4a" ,e "emon$an a lo, ao"$e,de .o) D((9 +%) #%"($' -( ($+"( (:(#*0()' ,e8alando 4e

https://export.writer.zoho.com/public/adrysilvav/MODULO-TEORIAS-Y-MODELOS-PEDAGOGICOS-FUNLAM--TEXTO1/fullpage#fn33https://export.writer.zoho.com/public/adrysilvav/MODULO-TEORIAS-Y-MODELOS-PEDAGOGICOS-FUNLAM--TEXTO1/fullpage#fn34https://export.writer.zoho.com/public/adrysilvav/MODULO-TEORIAS-Y-MODELOS-PEDAGOGICOS-FUNLAM--TEXTO1/fullpage#fn33https://export.writer.zoho.com/public/adrysilvav/MODULO-TEORIAS-Y-MODELOS-PEDAGOGICOS-FUNLAM--TEXTO1/fullpage#fn34


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e,$e a4$o" ,e "eo(41 o" de,a""olla" 4na a($i$4d ("í$i(a en la e,(4ela ="en$e a lo,e,4ema, e,(ol*,$i(o, # $"adi(ionale,< En ,e4ndo l4a" ,e "emon$an a S6 el"ime"o 4e (on,ide"a a lo, "o=e,o"e, (omo in0e,$iado"e, o,$e"io"men$eS$en.o4,e de,a""olla (on ma#o" "o=4ndidad e,$e lan$eamien$o< Ambo,in0e,$iado"e, ,e de,a$a(a"on o" ,4 (a"*($e" "*($i(o (a"a($e"í,$i(a =4ndamen$al

a"a la en,e8an%a ("í$i(a< Adem*, ,e8ala"on (omo "o$aoni,$a, de la a((i1ned4(a$i0a a lo, mi,mo, en,e8an$e,<

El o"ien de la en,e8an%a ("í$i(a e,$* ín$imamen$e liado a la $eo"ía ("í$i(a 4ea"$e de SPilbe(P # Reinold, (on el an*li,i, del modelo ,i$4a(ional ,in emba"oen e,$e modelo =al$1 en$ende" la, e,$"4($4"a, (on,4l$i0a, # a"$i(ia$i0a, #a 4e,1lo ,e in(o"o"an $eo"ía, ,ob"e lo, .e(.o, # o"ani%a(ione, ed4(a$i0a,ai,ladamen$e< E,$o =4e ,4e"ado en la medida en 4e ,e (om"endi1 4e la,e",ona, 4e a"$i(ian en $ale, .e(.o, # o"ani%a(ione, ed4(a$i0a, 4edena"ende" de ello, # (olabo"a" en ,4 $"an,=o"ma(i1n< E,$e a0an(e =4e 4n ao"$e0alio,o a"a el o"ien de la en,e8an%a ("í$i(a<

&o" o$"a a"$e la en,e8an%a ("í$i(a (4e,$iona la "o4e,$a o,i$i0i,$a e

in$e""e$a$i0a< El o,i$i0i,mo e, inen4o al a(e$a" el (a"*($e" obe$i0o de la"ealidad in$e""e$ada ',$a (omo alo ,4e$o al "'imen de 4na, le#e, inel4($able,<Lo 4e en (on,e(4en(ia $iende a (on=i"ma" la "e,on,abilidad (ien$í=i(a e,/"eadel ,en$ido (om/n dominan$e # no o="e(e nin/n (amino a"a el (ambio "*($i(o ano ,e" el (on$"ol $'(ni(o JCa"" # emmi,K<

El (4e,$ionamien$o a la "o4e,$a in$e""e$a$i0a "adi(a en ,4 en=o4e 4nila$e"al dela in$e""e$a(i1n "ed4(i'ndola a lo, me"o, 4i(io, ,4be$i0o, ,o,$enido,l1i(amen$e o" lo, ,ini=i(ado, indi0id4ale, de mane"a indeendien$e de la"ealidad ,o(ial< &a"a el en=o4e ("í$i(o la "ealidad ,o(ial no ,1lo ,e e,$"4($4"a o" lo, (on(e$o, e idea, ,ino $ambi'n o" la, =4e"%a, .i,$1"i(a, # la, (ondi(ione,e(on1mi(a, # ma$e"iale, en la, 4e ,e en(4en$"a inme",o el indi0id4o<

De a(4e"do (on $odo lo an$e"io" nin4na de la, do, (on(e(ione, a"e(ea"oiada a"a abo"da" la in0e,$ia(i1n ed4(a$i0a "e4i"iendo o$"a =o"maal$e"na$i0a 4e a,4me de,de o$"o *n4lo la $eo"ía # la in0e,$ia(i1n ed4(a$i0a<

Vi,$o de,de la en,e8an%a ("í$i(a ,e e,$* (omen%ando a de=ini" e,$a $eo"íaal$e"na$i0a al4no, de lo, a,e($o, m*, imo"$an$e, de e,$a "o4e,$a ,on3

9< La in0e,$ia(i1n ed4(a$i0a e, 4na a($i0idad "*($i(a 4e o" ,44e,$o 4a"da,en$ido (on la de=ini(i1n de "oblema, "*($i(o, e, de(i" 4e ,e "e=ie"en a lo 4e.a# 4e .a(e"< La ,ol4(i1n de e,$e $io de "oblema, ,1lo ,e en(4en$"a .a(iendoalo<

2< EOie 4na (la"a di,$in(i1n en$"e la in0e,$ia(i1n eminen$emen$e ed4(a$i0a # la4e no lo e, Jin0e,$ia(i1n $e1"i(a 4"a de 4n ,abe"K ,in nea" el ma"(o de"e=e"en(ia de,de donde el a4$o" anali%a o in$e""e$a 4na ,i$4a(i1n W en /l$imain,$an(ia e,$o, "e=e"en$e, en (on,onan(ia (on el a4$o" del $"abao imli(an 4na"*($i(a (on("e$a< &o" (on,i4ien$e el 4n$o "in(ial de la in0e,$ia(i1n ed4(a$i0ano (on,i,$e en "od4(i" meo"e, $eo"ía, ni "*($i(a, e=i(a(e,< De lo 4e ,e $"a$ade,de la en,e8an%a ("í$i(a ($ +(# -( #á+'*+ ") (5(#+*+*% 0á$ '(,#*+%7()#*


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4.2 LA PEDAGOGÍA CRÍTICA Gi"o4O 4$ili%a la (a$eo"ía edaoía "adi(al # ("í$i(a a"a de,ina" alen,amien$o de al4no, "o=e,o"e, 4e "e(.a%an en=*$i(amen$e la idea

dominan$e de 4e la e,(4ela e, el l4a" donde ,e de,a""ollan la, "ela(ione,demo("*$i(a, e i4ali$a"ia, de la ,o(iedad


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La en,e8an%a 4ede o"ani%a",e de di=e"en$e, mane"a, # la e,$"a$eia did*($i(ae, m4l$i0a"iada deendiendo del (on$enido # m'$odo de la (ien(ia # del ni0el dede,a""ollo # di=e"en(ia, indi0id4ale, del al4mno<

&a"a lo, de,a""olli,$a, lo 4e in$e"e,a e, el de,a""ollo de lo, ,4e$o, no el(on$enido del a"endi%ae ni el $io de ,abe"e, en,e8ado, el (4al od"ía ,e"

indi=e"en$e


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EDUCACIÓNTRADICI+NAL

C+NDUCTISTA


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CAPÍTULO 1.

PEDAGOGÍA DE LA EDUCACIÓNTRADICIONAL

E$'( 0%-(% ()'* %#0+*,) -( +#á+'(# de lo, e,$4dian$e, a"a0%-(# '#;/$ -( ;%")'-7 ;*#'"- 9 ( #*g%# -( -*$+**)7 ( *-(.4mani,$a # '$i(o 4e "e(oe la $"adi(i1n me$a=í,i(o-"eliio,a medie0al< En e,$emodelo el m'$odo # el (on$enido en (ie"$a =o"ma ,e (on=4nden en la imi$a(i1n #

em4la(i1n del b4en eemlo del ideal "o4e,$o (omo a$"1n # (4#a enma"(a(i1nm*, "1Oima ,e mani=ie,$a en el mae,$"o< Se "e(oni%a el +"'*;% -( $+"'-($ -( 0& ()'()-*0*()'%7 0(0%#* 9 ;%")'-7 9 ") ;*$*,)indi=e"en(iada e inen4a de la $"an,=e"en(ia del dominio lo"ado en di,(ilina,(l*,i(a, (omo el la$ín o la ma$em*$i(a<

E 0/'%-% 6á$*+% -( #()-*5( ($ ( +-(0*+*$'7 ;(#6*$' 4e di($a ,4,+$($ 65% ") #/g*0() -( -*$+**) a 4no, e,$4dian$e, 4e ,onb*,i(amen$e"e(e$o"e,< La il4,$"a(i1n eemla" de e,$e m'$odo e, la =o"ma (omo lo, ni8o,a"enden la len4a ma$e"na3 o#endo 0iendo ob,e"0ando # "ei$iendo m4(.a,0e(e,< E, a,í (omo el ni8o ad4ie"e la .e"en(ia (4l$4"al de la ,o(iedad"e"e,en$ada ',$a en el mae,$"o (omo la a4$o"idad<

1. ALGUNAS ESENCIALIDADES DE LA PEDAGOGÍATRADICIONAL El en,amien$o eda1i(o 4ede de(i",e 4e (omen%1 ,4 de,a""ollo de,de lo,"oio, albo"e, de la .4manidad< l ,i mi,mo no e, m*, 4e 4na (on,e(4en(ia de,4 de0eni" .i,$1"i(o en (o""e,onden(ia (on la ne(e,idad del ,e" .4mano de$"an,mi$i" (on e=i(ien(ia # e=i(a(ia a ,4, (on'ne"e, la, eOe"ien(ia, ad4i"ida, #la in=o"ma(i1n ob$enida en ,4 en="en$amien$o (o$idiano (on ,4 medio na$4"al #,o(ial<

A,í ,e en(4en$"a el en,amien$o eda1i(o eO"e,*ndo,e de mane"a (on("e$aa $"a0', de a((ione, de 4na ed4(a(i1n in(iien$e (5(#+*()-% $" *)"()+* () (#%+($% -( '#)$%#0+*,) -( 0- +%0")*-- #*0*'*; en 4na,o(iedad di0idida en (la,e, ,i"0e a4í de in,$"4men$o # a"ma a"a l4(.a" (on$"ala, $"adi(ione, # la, idea, mo0ili%ado"a, a"a la a((i1n de la, en$on(e,(om4nidade, $"ibale,< La, idea, eda1i(a, aboan en e,e momen$o ("4(ial dela .i,$o"ia del ,e" .4mano (omo en$e ,o(ial o" la ,ea"a(i1n en lo 4e "e,e($a ala =o"ma(i1n in$ele($4al # al de,a""ollo de la, .abilidade, # la, (aa(idade, 4e


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.ab"ían de lo"a",e en a4ello, .omb"e, a"a lo, (4ale, ,4 $a"ea "in(ial no=4e"a "ela(ionada (on el en,a" ,ino la, "e4e"ida, a"a el e,=4e"%o =í,i(o"od4($i0o Tale, idea, eda1i(a, debían en$on(e, in,i,$i" lo ,4=i(ien$e a"alo"a" en la "*($i(a 4e la ma#o"ía o la $o$alidad de la "an ma,a labo"io,aa(e$a"a e,a (ondi(i1n de de,i4aldad< Con e,$a, (on(e(ione, e, 4e ,4"en

la, denominada, e,(4ela, a"a la en,e8an%a de lo, (ono(imien$o, 4e ,eo,eían .a,$a e,e momen$o a"a el 4,4="4($o eO(l4,i0o de la, (la,e, ,o(iale,,ele($a, a,in*ndo,ele, a la, eme"en$e, (la,e, eOlo$a

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