CHRPTCR - 1

I N I R O O U C T I O N

1.n6.m .s a cci.ntrp rich 2. per, .~j:.=.:rsra 1.r she danane?i

sect31 ;t rrd2ii.c eco,>si.j 3rd .r co>:.nnes :Y f e - a u rcirce of

::Ys::liOCd for i ..jGZli? C: t ie as?..,iLlan e,.A p:or.:deZ a :ar;e r i r i i e t

icr n o o - ~ ~ r i c ~ ~ t u i a : gsces ara isr.~;ss, ibacr ? t yer cenr cf =he

pop0:i?t,r ::a* i n :he c0.ntrgi::e i>d :.7e:r per ri225r iscc,7s I E r w n 5

rbr lowis: :n :be xorid. ;~rirg the l a s t i c r i r tars? )ears of

i?r;epeaieoca, t h e m has teen b,dsL;.ie;rj. a ;urstmt:r; ecor;ar;c rrcwth,

nu: i t s ;e~n;)sfire .have nor pe:cs:eced d;rr i; rae o: t i e

pzpuldi:0i. 1s exps3ied a?, iiil: a ~ o , ? ~ ? s : ~ E z ~ D ~ E iroportl~n c f =be

p".i.lai;~a I . .? $.:a. i>* p:.,ert; l i n e . Peolc;;; pc .er tg 2s the

iird&~?l;a_ CL:eC:iYs of EcOs3-1: 3 e l e i ~ g n e " t . iCcO:din? t o :he Vorld

-'e,?iopm~i,e 'epgrr, :re y ~ ~ p ? ( i in ;le asverco;ng WO::X laved ?i

i*5Cl.t? parezig ?i. ,985 iji^il?apc r b z ~ : r t e soor i6 e~5sri;al :I

S ~ l e r n i e i l r s are io z d o s ~ srnnd ~srie:=r-ezt s t r e i e ; i e ~ -00 nire efieCtJve

cc::;ris for ?l:a.r;.nE pC:.eri,..

Ayrlc.: re 1.i si;;: iZe nlla Ea"rce 3: ;ncoiie for the wcrld's

gco2. m e qreate-i ~0.2.ii of r,ie 7 5 i , l i ^ -3C:T? ::e '.I? pooresi are

found :7e:*Es;:nq:9 IS zcli; areas . ?."mi: i lvl?il .o?d ere 1 : ~ I e d C C

famli:, .heiaer ;r l o r =hey earn the;? i ~ c o - ~ . s crrec::> fro, ; t . ?ne

d m a ~ d ~ C T so,: :ai ;sod3 a26 ~ ? i ~ : c e i r f ien deGem35 C zlle see i t ' , cf

'6. far- %c;ro"g '

."e.qx, g?-sr=g e a r s ,a CO!I~I:ICT oi .iie PC 9niia~Lerlael 63

...- ,IA.,":ritioi, :l;;ier3cr in0 < > s e a s ~ as Cc be oe:ei=: ii, realsa*b:c

ai?l.lArror rr .12ii7 dECenC,.=. :ire larid Se,.elogr..ni i.pori, ,956

0tsrrr.s :-a' gu,er:< 2 s 10t 31E S m F i E Infi , i : l i : i i lnr3as 30t .Er iV 15

rsl;cer.?ed ,;.rh 5 ; . ahs=2:ie atendzr?' ,f Irr;q? of i szli of s o C i + t r -

:he p0.z - lacgnb2;ty r e i s r r ia relilive lrlrlro stardarir n r r i s i LEs

wtrie sacleiy'. 2i ti.. slrloua c m E e a far :ura; po,,ersg a.>b m s i r

:a<r.':.o...ss is ?he errr4-ely ,:e::ov rase 59: prr<_itron, icccr;irp to

- ~ h . - 'xi3 re:, i p y r a l s i l ct Sersrrl, Fl .e '(ear : a , - , ail?.: it. 5 ger ;.em; sf

$:?a: nuvhe? Zf *o:dxqs ( 7 ' , 3 2 n::2.9:! a r e ?srqln+: h::d:cgs Cf l e s s

*hi- C,C :es:aic C&CO. 7 5 idiillcr is, ' 4 . 7 ;er ceqi ai r3:d:zcs arc In

:hi. s:as qxsupof f co 2 >ecizre iO. ~ ~ ~ ~ i e s s lacourerr .+a re rarilsv:ariy

L O rssruire *a* , a n d ;3r':;zasd rh. .:aid :ore Of psverii, R u r a l ar t -sans

- -0- .&a?S -=&<re :eSilrreS, : : l le l :CBT Lrid::13111 E I - I ~ E ZL y r e l d aX?

2-c3n.r :in p5;r L 5 l i l . l . I.=, rsse is is W.l. I S ll?31e. I.. 10Pii

3192 CWE Fie? ii.e leni, d ~ s a d v a n r a g e d

lic~se,?0_eE rr. r $ y l s a ? i i i j ~ l p;ar o r : a i r . . s , i!!W ;car :c a m

I e i d , r t r; orre,- iagrcririlv~ 2nd f;e:ue?;ilq lies cirr>se irr:ga;eo

srnis i.hE porn >iia:;> .racie is :mr:i: 9n r . &OZS s:.ce the9 la?%

,.".-a . .. . , 6 d l c e s s CC c ~ ? d i t . '

Aciorl..?g co ?.i.;:irl.-aida, r i e .a;? ieasros :or azite

go.e:iy .re. , a ) gop..ariul: excesslver.si riiiecri. I= :mgs ia7iliig s r i e

. "..b .. "1%' gr;poriion rf aeperderi:~ m! b c ~ s e ; ~ a l i ' s ~ r : re:atls.z t c r:z;r

11ca.e. :dl I?sde<ons~ of c s i e r i a; ;be :+ie? of nrrre.hclds 5; is ra

y i s l b mrrri-,? .;isi-,s. f c , teiicl=icg r; ?be e d . : i i l ~ 1 1 ~ 1 at iaa~ner , : of

;is..er oipe0p:.. i d ! iTgerIcc: ro>ii.;, sf ;eiour. '-, :ow crci 11e ide

p e r r.oia1e. :;*,ilrr ;roaacr jei wcrrer. /f) Dei:c:?irl 2r cc.n3;.pii,,

7.2. Gird care rricszrid - 5 csnceltrdiid rc rura: axeas.

v.;;-r-;: oi ::? prsre.- SBC;.:~; 01 r21a: popu.ii~:r :e.orrg to rbs

fa~,l:ns CT <-.la a,:. l i19&."dl rjz",ers, cyIlilltdral Ia."O,rE:s, TU2Zl

2:L'rlrS. 5<are ?iC>S.TS, .iid :ema;r cr,riia:;rE. Po.ertg as leaciied bg

:i,, I-c.3-e ;eir;s to se wr..; 2r r-ra; c r s a r , es.2 a2icx.rnc for :re "fie-

slbs*i:i:il 3lffnreEc.s 2.7 C 5 8 I of lii.ilj OeT,,.e;i> IT ln .lib C;inr:Uild..

ihc pmhi - i a i oi r n a j ~ u t ~ ~ r . ~ c , inch ~i e c u c r r c c , irr life expecrvcy snn

r r h s t c d a i d .?soar*y are a*;=, er . r i l e , aors reir:e iir I~ii: i Z E i E . '

acccr41r7 *o :ne m z a 1 L a b c d Env2:rg > s p * r 1 ' 3 7 4 - - 5 , rhe

rrrcri:^n ai I?i;b:ed 1;iol; i;l?sr~lolcc Ircreased irr, 53 per oezi :a

? ? i d - 6 5 rs iii! oei c e l c 2i; ' 5 7 s - 7 5 . ?re rimbcr 7f r iral :abaui

h0isei01is 1%. fls-. 7 2 . 4 m111iol ~n '964-65 ?c 8 2 . 2 i:l:.o.- 2 n '174-75

an6 ;he< of r l i ra ; l i > s u r h o l s e r g l d ~ iic? 1 7 . 9 . 7 i l l l 3 - i i024.e IliliCn.

L-ong t i e r s , rr,e rb -br r "i riro: .n:Useu5id; "LC> l a rd r r s e irsi. 7 . 8

,n;i:lm r s '2 ' r2;i:an. daeraje d?&r aer I r r ? : ;a ro ; i :oleehn?b rose

fro.- is. iCZ 2.c '561-11 cc i s .255 rl ' $ 7 4 - 7 5 , 15erDse t > a ' of l n6ebas i

*3;raLo:d i r?crei iso fron > ~ . 2 5 1 ;3 Ra.6?5, I.m?e:l:ed ioa,, per Indebted

r x a i icrs?i.old :?creased fro-. Rs. O ir: 7564-65 sc Rs.3, :a '574-75,

wriireac c c o t r s o r i i luan roce ?is,- - 3 . 2 5 6 so Ss.5 iC iir:.?; rbe reference

YFrlCd, iL :"Cel.lLiLg TC nc:s ::.e: d*Df .rcc:Led :or canai,opiicn

P . ~ ~ C E E I ~ C C C C ~ T . ~ io: i e . 2 per o e r i ci the l o a ~ t - e a a e s ~ dilz:n? '574-75,

Co-par?d i o 53.3 jcr cent In I;Sd-t5, ii.%?I.sl i h e = : s r e g e aTcu.7: m t debt

i*' lihorr h o " r i : ? ~ o f;r ihrr juri.ose .rcriiis.c' frs? i S , i 3 C t o r i I . 28 '

dir:ng *iris nerrad .8

A3 per PI: 1 - i :a 3 ~ b r a - 0 :rresb,-eili Slirveg, ' 3 9 7 - 8 1 , rbe

yrcr.:i. o r l r i i l r rceL tE l" z j ' , o r c r fl,e *,>3 r e e r r r c r gears S l b S b r- l ie

' 3 7 1 and .r?s : 9 8 2 I 6 i ~ r d ? r g o ; e cc?r:d?rable cbaije. "he pr:parrran cf

ri?--it& -::a: :orsiboii~ rl:sle6 a i i i r p de;:;,?~ fro- 14 c r r cer r I n

9 7 2 i? j l a i r ce- t 1:? ' 5 9 2 . "o? a'reragF r e i t per r u r a l .h;~se.hold,

uo n .er , i xze i ieC il~. i 5 . 5 5 2 tG i i s . 9 5 7 Irr lio,-i.i~dl - _ e i " . ~ . ~

i r c c r r r n p ia '9i' 2e-.iui r mi ci e.,er, 5 :zali.:~ 1:ve In

Illril I : b l i , arc wl:b?r i...~ r.?a: l i d i e 5 r,l? ?i everI 6 ? e p ~ x a ~ p 5 n

6gr:cJ2zc:e, -hs > u r a J :>:?:sc, rate - s z 9 . 5 : "er e z t , w h 2 l e r.+.s zats

r g r ? - a : c i ?s t0.773 per cent and c,-0.72 ie-clcr .r ;r ' 7 . 5 6 per ce1.r.

-2e cercc.":%ye rc ;.ie <ora l ;iPi:3t:O 2 5

3 S . d ~ per r i n i . .~:d ire -exre-tags o! c~lrir;iar: * i d ias a;rrculiurai

.ah::rerr rc 5:s ;air r,rr!erz 13 C ' . i d per cen i a d i i . B d yer cer t

r.e;.ir:,>e;i '. JinCE i ! ir s c r r - i : r 2 r e c:,,tiriies rs t. a T.jC1. SO.Z:e Of

:;re.i.:coc 1.7 :"':a. it? Brie o f ;ab i" i farce 2s rgr icu l ixre ;n:reesea

irz- 8 7 7 2 "iI;laL :n i;' r o 23T.15 -iil.ci r r '585 end 1s p;aleliel :a

;rsw furt.?er ?D 2 6 ' , 3 3 "2:::~n x.7 , 9 3 9 . :zer the > = a r s , # ? 2 ? - 7 * , :ke

Elre Of ;itcur force :%" den' 0; a?:lCll;i3re l i d l r r e ='a" I?~bi?d 6i.d

s i s r :he nex: decade i; ha; pro:e;:?i :3 ;c cy D? iore L3as 25 per cent.

h e erper1.zzec oi r.13 pasr ?nl ica :e ;r;t r3e >ew a~rlci?iurai

Sirdisq? and ;rsnu rerolLrlo.1 arid cocse:"lllu irclease in a;li~":tDrd?

prsbucrim *is not rea.;c.i :!!e ~ r c b l e - of i.za1 p a r e r i r . or tr,e =rr.er

,nand, ~ e : . = < ~ d r r .has w ~ r s n e c rLr gap berrree rbe ierqe

cdlr:.iatcrs, w a l l fa:.-eza &.nd lar.dless e;rr:i;iiiri; laboarexi

TEZi i lTlr ig 1" IC.t? 31':O.nL.CL a r 3 l j S i ;r.e l r r g . s.cil"i. ai rte rare2

c a r r m > i y . ~f i r z e , i t hnr bean ree l l ser ' t i a t arir ruril dweic~men:

%1:noU5t ursan 2nco;ss I r e ;ener3:., Ligter End >?ban o r r c e s

iacl:.i:.. lore lcc.ss.ili, icr d , , e l l . r . -ar s.firr no:e than

r i r a : i,o.ieic:or fro,- cs1ra:n ei;.E.::r cf i o r e r r i . Ti i s urban >a,=,

r)prcr2lg .h,JSSl In Eid.9 sr sj2i2rer serti.-.nil, "iii.? i e v . ?a cc;.teaz

?lra apralrlrg r n ~ ~ r o r o i c i r g . B i d .ani:ar;o-, a r b roif%-inar+d i a t e i .

r.5- ~::ss =itez ; : ? E ~ ~ : a,7o de.q~;rcir. ~ o i c l b ? e e,,icricn, flccis snd

;mdi;:isr ari c.hcl:ciA .o:;:i.s.- are co?si..i

-fin 9 L S I C pz4->5. 0- I.,. iC&li!, .=:in XCL in. inpr;u*m..n; a,,

r r e ccri;r;ori 3.i ;!!e c0,-on ;an 5rd ire r,ea*ir l e c r l r s , =sp*c;.2?y

i.,i;rg,, pr;.ili.sn ;i ,e-pisr-e;r iii e+;.-itrs.n,. it :;<r erpi.asrzec' 're

atz*l.n"s<z :r 2 '-3tiZ-a; T:zlw"m, a 6 5fi ?a5eG*ial pzez~~dlsite *c

r-irs.:e iZE cojij;rr3r oi i i e ',:sl:Er :5c3ce q r c i s ' ' , li recsgnlrsd *ha'

rre :ra.r a m r re .&"6leis ;aiaurera coasr;:ute rne bulk sf trs

egrIC~:idra; li~ieiir:a? bavi~ir .PC grcdrstive ~ s i i . m i ecpecdlrg for r r s

Arrcl..:ooa o r ' 9 - g ~ a - ? - c $ m e 9 ~ ;.?C F91r i l Zlei :d:e?0r2caily z t d t t i ' "I..

i r , r :-g:D"e.-;a:i;- rie ci:jrG-7e r r B ire,serr a r e :code6 a:;er ani rbe

rerei.ii at i e , e : ~ ~ , - e ~ r :c z o l o, ;:anria mre i i -en : 2.7 * i s

iris- ce - e2raca re;lr,s *,-:PC r'c -:re z c . ; i r r b Eec~loir oi rii.

cz""L-.:,,,':,

;if:.; ilre Pear Pi*. rrere i : tat a r jzese-r iri; Zi? -:llicr

are ertr-2;ed I c 3s Ilvi.?;.-eis., ;is 3c7cri) ?Ins. :ie cioareai

ex-re3i;n- sf :he d.agi?ei~ o i ~ i i s i i i bas ~ d d e :n ;he 'ifti E28.7

a . e L ztaie3 r.ha: car-~;r?re?t, r - ~ n r s ~ p 1 o j m ~ . ~ i ; r 3 r d 2 c x

resz irm ta re "i i -Ilti:aie :i pro*2c.:s, lirr:s":nr:y I.? i ig i l^ l i i l+ ie

a l e :ha r z i a c i j a :a ,ss cf;",er:y, i i e Eli-i-at;cr ai iblecr; jouer:y

*1;1 9cr be ,;ia:reo r s c rrrsl:irg t o i crrt5in a- le?~miio . , ;n t:e

zare e: v i u r i of t i n S C C - C T ~ a _ ~ n e ii 111: be reressirj ro ~ a s n c > l e

a:r.iri e t r i z * 5'- r.-e ;r:ilarl cf >*e-p:r,Reit, cnderarra:cy.eit, 1cr

'LCl.* .ma psir::i.-3

?he ;rift Sir:.q i.?; i'FIB-8ZI Lzre1 97 ;.ilo;iD l l i r a k e

Z'0:e:red r i a r r a per ce;: oi p,ja.aflal are Ii?l,? :eiarr ire sa7er:g

22ns I n 9 7 7 . 7 8 1, :fie n r a : a z e a s a7d 4 , pzr oenc 2.5 eke drban arees .

?lie iotai nvrber ci i r e poDr E1 refZnnr x o i i e he a i o o r 15' s ~ i l r r a . 7.0s

PIirriEIr are 0: ::a vrsr. itat gare r2 r re a r.ieoz::.n sf t h e probie l Cf

urie-#:oyiTe.?t inr nrdcrl-n2oylnnl. 7r.ei ?sierLEo Chat both rrral an6

;ria? pruer i , ere 2dcntif:ai:e rr:t lo,, yrrdictir>ty, I c w rrrces and

;i.:mr-rrrE.,.t e-i:,,ren5 ? Z l e i 1 a s z ~ Z C I C 12:x Of % ~ i * ~ ~ . 1,: ?.,c S I X i h

P l a n , pmeri)' i;ne 1 s ae5rCsC 3. tie IL.IE Of ti.e ZeCcn iE~ded

aotriirmcl rep~ l ie -s .n rs r i 2400 ca-o-ies per person ;ex nag i3= rara:

areas an0 l l C 5 ca:sr:es :or t'.e I I D i . area* , iui rrclr;i."z e x p n b l : , r e

m nm-toad ~ i e , ~ , the poi-i; I+ :he u o r s ~ e r exjerulrure d a t a

turr 5 i . i z0 ie n s . i ' . B i."l i j . ' i . 3 fcr rori1 and urba, areas

:efyecr>ue;g ar 1 5 7 6 - i i PI.IEE. 0- zi.3 ~ a s i ? t2e Flxti Plan, '55C-I5

ri:imsie~ =.bet 3 .7 ,-i:,.~.~ persazs ers l i v l a g :elow the pweriy

:ine, out rf r:er 260 -ll:;oa are r e e i t l n s ra rhe ~ r r ? l areae. in

le?.iire r e r S 5:: per c c i = ri i.?. rirni r;;jiiarloi: m d 10 pr ce:~t sf

; co.nri-pi1cr - ia.isd;c'errl ;.ns can be iraug!lr of as

osqgrls-ig i ~ 3 ri:er=.nz*. :re exge:.t;iir; necesscr, :a b-y a sr-mu,

S t i l i r a r b 31 oir2::r;r and u:.>er i.sio .ecesa::3er and a f"rih.1 a-ami

;hat l a l l e s fi51 i0..1L19 5s .oiljzr/, lef.bciing tE. ZlEi Of

. ~ i r r i c _ s a z i n z 2 1 :is ever2 i a , :lie ri socx r r y " . jeicepcror of

praEzrr i - s e r O l . > * l h;sisrlcr::? a r l oarlei i.emand:usl, i r o n culirre to

I i e i l r C 16f18c3

syecir:c r*;:c-.i: ..r:or-;:er 3;s LCrTd::;.B CDTC.jiS 0: tmlfsie a76

rlc'!:~. 1.: Senel?:, 65 cOPnt1:e.L LCC0i-r wed:l.?iir, tic:: pei:epr:oil c i

The a c ^ e i t ~ c ? e 1?3:-11,9 level ~ f c c r 6 d - g " ~ ~ - the ;orerr* 1i.m -

:.?I?. Sc<e:.i.h ?:re 'fear P l 6 r eac;r&ied t h a t arc;qd i t ?~lilci

IEOPIZ C : O S ~ S ~ tie O Z I : ~ 11-e betuasn i 3 ' i - 7 2 '383-84, ~i :re

~?Q.:.Q!T? ~i f l e 8eieorb >:a,,, 15 r r s s i ; : r a l e 1 iLiL i;Z -11lrcr perscls

In 1vcz: 51ess a x 5 0 , > ,71:::9n 1.v > r i a *1e25 A,?Ie .>w>ng Below t,,*

pc;,e:r, :..ne. 1.7 t e r . 5 ~ of perui.niages, :be eo.,er:i r i i r o rss 13.3 9.1

cc-r in 1~1.2 sreas acd 2 ; 7 ~ n r :en- 1- v i t a i r e s i a : % L - 6 5 . rhe

:rn;a:i ?:d aired si bri-einG r9w m e z" ,E"; r e s ro f r o * an &"era? i 0.'

3t.9 g?r ;ii< in 2 5 . 8 per ce-i ior-qc t ie Swte.:.: P : a l p e r l c d . T.be lcrg

re r - ob:cc^l7s Of ire p..r .a : r c r b , ' 9 9 6 - 9 5 , ir xo2ld be .'*rtis:

365~6 37 :he * C U S E ~ O ~ ~ C O I E J ~ P I I D ~ ~ W P B ? C I L U ~ ~ l i e d cille0ICd

ii 8'8 ;n ;is 3 ? i r ro;% ( '923 , Iiel;i.?a Ca%;.ssrer has ilrrlveB ar the

3:m =';a: is-.:, n~,: .~q anr.a: :acs-e C ~ Z E . L , ~ O O 9: : ezs ( i t rgsa-ei

rr-ceil i e $0 be ccnsiderec zs cae re.;:, Lbt ?wnrrg l i n e , This n s m has

D?e? der l red EY msnq i E s pcierri Iili ;£ .'r.C9.05 per crci:s per mcaiii

ar i573-74 ?i2'll, C9rr.3ioid:ag r c ;>e ca::.. ci:cr:e reqilrs.ents oi

2C9C jer jzrscr 1- :bra2

zrrr;p '973, i,"E 7,.e.?i; "c;, ;C?r;nrc ?rrgrk.,re ,725 l e e s

;BInCk?I 2.76 z10 b a - k i l g sector *,as aaker i c p;r? r v r i a l r3la >a t ie

Inilelinti->on cf 1Se cr23rar;-sr by pr"?ldl;;l fl.i*.cii: assistance $0

t h e boiefA.'~arrss. 1. 1976, b a r i s were a33;7r?6 :o play k e i r o i e =TO;.:

c tbez ih?nqs ~i rrliiyraq coi; me zap c r e a t e d ~n :re rura: c r e d ~ ~

e t m O i U I E fz l l c i i rnp Z P E Impcs:riO:! of r c 1 d t C : l l - on dakt IECu7er i IT

essratrn; t i e farneri w.no . a i ~ c bee- aer.:, 12:aied : a d for cu:rivacro.z,

I n pIWldI3g .EEISliTC. i O in3se :::.asEd fT" hb~nbEj i i L 0 O I for liai-?"p

3,e lrejrarid irrs: :sreIcnmeri ProiTmle was i.rsi

inirsdrced :n ' 3 7 8 - 7 9 in a i e w sc;=crei dlstr-i:~ a d W E i s t i e r

e~cezded r'lro~g?.c.; i h e c c r r r i y hg ' 9 8 0 - S ' . ?.be ;.qD ?;cgzmre e->:scar

i s r 6:h";' igll'.l:LTi; an?- iillDC EEc- r rs , bri 6113 l r l a l e.;z soiiep,

i-ausrr;er ird r.rrra,g arc;vri..s a,# aci:r.:l.i w.nic.? i r e lntejrefed

;n EcagE and :r.,lsi aie co-al*"e>r.r, e r d s~I~?E.-.DII~I. The ?i"grs"ne

rrae exzo:.a*i i c Zll rhe 5.0': ;?cc';s ii rL? ccur:;, D; ' 9 5 9 . 7.3l r o r k ~ l y

zmnp .TP*T t i e ~ * a ~ i - a i ~ , * : p :f n. r . s x n s r ~ a ; ~ . a m . r . oepr;: ~s:,ernrr,

.?=sene 8ar.k r! i.5l.e ha5 recagnl~ed ;r =he r e s o r t sbr-ixtsb i n I930

i e i :!;a 211* bCF cr-e u.7ere c n i x d l r e c c l n ;r :v br ;3ver :; darks

ar,ar:s~ t o icese pr:rr;ri sccisrr i;o :i.srz is need r o nnrrrn idar back

acvrrces r:i.!.i i:sse rec:ors i r e g;.,,ec ~.~c;easi.qg~u i? :he

io,-iarir:reii tresnsr 320 ,-?re :r:,r?eced seCtoIS2?

.i..?e3L. 1. il e i i e r r - a l d i C ? T ~ ~ i ? b ? i .1?UI i C I . 2rez.i:ilg iii.

Y.C.0.l - .IIle '?i porsrr, . TO 2~;ifi :he j c 3 r ib* be i r i i !?m. zore Ir. a

*I? *au t o ;ls7ids i ~ ~ i l i d i l 3 r i . C I . d l L >rder a:ifLrsl: devel?pien:al

EzO9PeS. dLt e ' l Y i E 3 Cc:.i"cled EC id2 .*dl$ ih0h.n ihPL, I.;eprte of

r.qor5"+ la.Frirriio;li? ;; i .crre, > c agaear i rncr i h r irfar.",.. seri?r

a-1:: cso lr.Er i Y czrer t o ib. rrra? crea.: 2" . slgnlflcanr w e g .

Ex?eziMCP iUC:Cdie_ i :ha? i . 0 ~ . 0 ~ 1 ~ +a? i3 do 8 1 a 1 dlih L.IE i n f i r m d l

EIC'CTS :i bJ 0:iill:ij i'S 1.5t2:li:mal :?Edit CC iiire rect'on.. ,f

oui E05:.:j. ~ i i h a i , ?~ l : f>? i apprCacCes s=7' oroc..l?ires. I'iiil-p>rpiS.

mYlilp2e giopr*nqes * F d ->:ti agerciea arc no doari ri?orred co zacn;a

i h ? giganxi0 pro0:er. Air h,> i t ;r i3ra 2nyor:mt Is ibe ?iiac;l',e 03-

oid;nstron Aerieen l f i srr irr agmcxzs x i w s i d 2ri2irai~rn of assistance

t o ine peraons < ; r i a o g rinei.::.b. Desiq>>r? the Ecltioi. i che .~E5, 5ulg

Idr-ntifyrr? the i i r g e i ?rarps, jrcper iilp1e~c-;i;:lsr ui rds scae-.r, in3

Role of Bmk.3 in Rural Development

<is soc:e.Gr of ,rira; dlrelop,vi.cs' x i s tcrl, Ir: i:r rc,7isxt Sf

a , 3 1 a : , s r r l ong c:;s c c r r c m i n s u r d r '

rpi:cll;wr;: derellg-en; I" :idla. ? a i ioga: Cc-,mrsSla.r 7- i g n W l i u ; e

"Bil,, i3; :,+:clcl, D:or;d;13 irirs i;Td o i i n r . r r e r a t l o ? t o 'r2:rsl

de7elopmcnr'. 73 s u s t e fro,- the repsrt of ;re Co,--iaricn: "re c a r sat

rc3 stro,;:y s-ii. cur ;rl":cLlon i aa t ihs I:iac;:rsi;p cf iyrin;tura1

abr-ace rr6r .r r re=? g r ~ e s c e ~ r s e d?p@rr: up?n r."e snliab;2l; j . of :he

cftrcer rglo2r;ed". 5:Jsl t ie ' 3 7 3 ' 1 c11 s : r z l p z 0; rnial disrina-eni

n a r n-raerg3.7. e ciiarye, sno La5 t*c:me xcre c0,p;eherrrus. r:e Korid

c ; l n Icfl.7e.i r*rai dex..:op"eni ir strzzegi dcs -gnc i rs 2m:TOYe *.?I

ess,;- lr in3 zccia2 : ? r e oi n. rilra: 2ccr . RJr&l Be-r~lcperrf :riur2.,ss

axt~r3 ;ag ?a= ;eref;rr 3: dere:sp,-ei;i zo t i e j i o r e r i c i i ~ o g rl:aae ri.0

see* a rl.r?>;i:oi i.3 r r s rorcr a:ei i2 i ic;cr:t; 3r tce papcjaerna I>;.;

the icl.ri;rr8;d. eiid arc e P s l ? j e ~ , cite; .~,d.rerz'aged, 1."

ajrico2ii:8, .zri;2 nnrb,.7d13, Ereen reir;=g, D?n2:rg, f;srer>cr,

n::cgn ir3 ccrrey3 r~disirr.i in3 s ; r n c e s . Tse ;ncrd.rce Of palieiri.

iB.CS Lr ;E Zdlir2l.ar;j h r 7 i .r. m e rllra: areas .

2, c c l p i e r i iLsecce c f ; a3 i rng Irs=lrui;a., hot? a r tr.. r . a t lo lc i

End ilsl3 :e,ei Tor e vei: lo-? pcr*rb o f i;ns 2% io the g r l u r h znd

,.rL>a1 - 0 : , 3 ~ 0 - ~ Sf ,P,,,e92enders 2.7 s ,p2?Lng 5re92t to t.ne r u r a l

P'oJ:.. Tne >sir :":a_ 0epe.Pdeiise cf iii?l p + : p l e cn rba 2oca2

n:rei:ei;ie:5 for i re: . - i i e t i l i needa a v d ibelr exg?;ita;.cn DL ?.he :a:ter

r i s aern m e o r zie *;r*rsi r g v l i sr. the L , d 2 r n r;ra; eronnrl. ??I?

esllle6i a i t s m y I r: i-. :n3ia i b d n i i i l ~ !"S~;TLLIO? wlih iame

<'.ezaz*er>sc.:E 0: E ce,":ra: B a Q 7 d 3 2 S 9 back *c :enuar2 , 9 7 3 , P>hSP

;*,arr.c .qe5rr-q' rs.,,,,; r l i.Fa2 iccs'-e."de5 :!.e es:,i;ilb>,e.;r Cf a

"C l r i . r a l Par " lr 2.rg.l ZQd alhir"", The 397% -3s se: Y; i 8 7 3 ii: :r

crc,-d :3 ie ? - ~ b c shor t .L.,S1 a:*.-;:. il;er. were ss?:rz: c:fci

i i tZi.>'S end i"jgrstlo;r ;.iier. in.l,?'*n? f'O jrnjosci I n ' 5 6 5 !or tie

a",s2g&.,..-:;c; sf roe i e i ex:ziiig t;:ae j r c s i d ~ i c ~ L a n k ai-3 iisse rveie

T e c P > e ? i r a - Ll" .e '9 :?-si3, .;,,e<er, ir5se siioris ac";evEC flrr:

srZZIi5 1- ' 9 2 ' . *'e? r i c p?-.;denc, bCD*E i i eT? 3-*:7mate* zo :or.* <be

I , - p s I ~ a . * *Ex 0 I :n52*:6. z-e,, :,.e ~ s c o - ~ ~ ~ * a t : o ~ s 3f t h e 202a1

CC--:SE:3: Or. :::.:an CYTIE .n2" 6L.l fliiDCe, 1526 icr ..I:!:-.? III: d CEDLla2

Bai.), ts oe c.i:ed :be ii5e:?r 2c.ni 3 :.?dl*, .err 1.7 .vain. 3 s crsti:

LO bring .%*Eerie hart ct ;,:01. iai" e x i r c e r c i goes 3 0 :!,e :.?dlsn Cenlral

Br.?<lnp Cr2:rb Co7lii:ec ,931,. i.36 rcc?-FcZ:iiOr; 3: Wmch %ere so

i L lCng 7i.i xis Bar* E i l i-. ICi.g"TaiL0" 07 i . p r l l , ? l S .

:;1? '$69 ire ,,zerr iinc?;c+s si cc r re rc ra : bz-is rere ta

ErTLnE ire6.t to i n3 r l t r ;a l T e r i l . r - ~ +rd ;icil;ah;e ::adlr.j crrrerns on

:is *+sir c: iecuri:r. :h~s sc-rr;::. ;:;earei ps;;cy ci ihe baahs

j:D73."TE6 i b s l I r 5 - f i .ndaCli rg eve,? :ne grad'~crrvs egrr:uli.ral and slall

s a l e .r.d'~srr:ii SPSTOTI. T ~ ? T J ~ . o r ~ c i i l ~ . r e ~ i . ~ t r 1 3 t i t i n g I B Y F I I ~ U :C

pei cent Of raziorai incone, ;he carnerc>a: hanks scl?ildered >i 1 p;or

f;mm s t r e c z i r t y foi g r a c r ; n ~ ? : i v r . rhe bcriks tlrecreo *;I tneir

C P I I a E I S n I Y 1 T n a prcflt m o i i i s L.nG i i 2 r E .iE'.e_r c:T_^er-ieb r r t h m e iEEres

CI ecocamc ci~eiop-e-.r pcr : l :u .a r~g r.rai de-,elspent m e baaka hi6

und.re e i p h ~ * : S 3- e L u T i : Y 306 i)Egieci.* LIe-r sicid; r C s ~ o , ? S i i i l l ~ ~ e B .

iEt5 il. rimers an3 t h e 2aaiiars liba-ircr; ., i r e ci-i. 3.L PoverLg 8-6

:-deiie;"e.6. :,?e.*::-L-d:a P r r a l rredri %;re) :9ii-:i! ns+.e: :ri:

r;s<~rLr:cn<l cr.;rt icc52c;ed rcl i i r l l l 7 j e i c e r i ci c0PeS-p~ic.I and

?rcd"crr;.. r s e r s ci r'lr v i l l a g e co-*."n;il, trs idin oi cre;:; delng

i r w ~ d e d nu ~rne~ienders and ayne: privsts ~ m ~ r c e r a t exhcrblriar rates

Of i i t e r e a t s . C5,S:ie::ng i" ELlid.. C,?drdCzEZ and b : i S Cf C * ~ P ~ I C ~ S ~

Osnis, co-oyeiii>~;ee wsre r e g a r v s ~ as the asst seoicle foi rcral crsdrc.

3S-CFE'a:l. ,?5 ? d l ? , ;.heieforl, recalved ; I c r?a2 r3ip from cwJernTen?.i hy

x a i .i I??rsi.L,',e sLpycri, e:mn;srrai,vs Fuldlnce a,% .irn.rci.1

~ade';.;n.lo; ;n :be :cr- c.i csr:r:bnircn rc ti?s>r cepiia1. 1: t1.5 Beme

tlvs, cin;rzl ii!?i;E bar* bee,? ;;jrW,ldr.g fl-6rCial h e l p In r;-"sroUs wag:

rr^.? ss r?i;;i-ce is1 co-0psrrt:re r m r s , seer none5 ts' i - 3 c i Leri

?e."OSi:C, m3 lor? re;. oj l r r r ;c ,~s ail* sti;llrraiioi iuzo... Ti bsgln

t rzi*. rr-iierarirei cc?c?nrririd sn yra;.;clrj a'orr-tar- 2ci,-+ icr aroy

irci"Ci::P aP0 iBCl r rirll 17C.?s iCT ilC:;ld:? i w E 5 3 m D " r L . :ate:, ;ring

iirr irie"c.ng iu- :;?d de,e;op,-e?r, ?rC;iar;ls." of r r a c t c r s , s:?.i;:."F of

L " ~ F * E I I I , ? B W i+*i jrsaLded ;?ri>g? l i d -.rizr?. or :and dersi?y,"e.?:

:s-cjercilre c n i a . !r sp:re ci :he strides r i a ? the CD-operafive

r i , -e re i t p i s , - ire, I: .arc s~iiezei iron i e w r a ; rer~~srar: i ( eabass i . s .

:be flrri e i s r ; Lo 1nvoiv5 z c:-merc:al back i n I.ra1 3Jnkinq

becw wrr.h the ~srrersio~ ai I-per:al ~ a z k 01 1id:i 1-ic in. Srare ~ a c h

~f a r s * s z done ru ec::roisc r i c h ine ?icm~~sada:ions of the

R u r a l credit ~ ~ r z e ) Ccn- r i r s? ae??rr i ' 3 5 4 1 , .a'=,=isr, li was m?y afrer

is?~rnm~.r,s i ; l ic? 56 s3C1.2 :YUI.-O; over nsrka lr 2967 i d sicse3ile.-f

na::oneilsaiiin ~f ra:r.- i m k s :z 3 6 3 . ?.hi siecaix: Y ~ , = C T I V ~ ~ of the

crer l i A,. i:!: :,ti-: deb: =i ci:i..itlr h ; i s e ? : ~ : o w e m i i?p fro,- 7 .3 per

cs..: .E ; $ 5 - 5 2 2 9 6 3 . 2 per ?en? bb r;e;-&2, Of :3:6 t.-e s.her$ 0:

c:-merc:?. i a r r s 7 l s F fii- ' . 5 per c m i to 2 6 . 1 jer cen t . m d t h a t Of

c i - ~ ~ e . d : l i v , -n (~ trs- 3 . ' e r :ec? so 29.8 per se.vz, xli.7

c:?,e8bo.?:. g <eCJ&?e :,, %.he &!.are c: prcte;s:3.,a2 6?e 3qrxu2r9ra1

-one,-es?e:~ ~:sr 63. ;er cer: t? i t . * per r i~r2 ' ,

S,.,e:;-e"t 5 o i =he pererr* Dank po.:c:a; Cave : l a g e l a

8ec:s;vD rs:e .r e.7rar.ry ;!.a? ;b- i:oi. ?P creilr is sgi l s i l?ure iol

;;her :>Ti; ac;;..;:>+r >rc re r= ro cc-..:cereb2u. x7 L ? d l l , cc ipe rc2 i :

iri.?<S were a>rec+cz ia E.?i;r? i;.: C: Per ce.,;ri 3.- r iel1 ?"rsta-uinq

CredlL b: a praicrlijEd d l r i xmId ie .or t o r."e pr;cr.rg secrcra,

CO"prLS11; i g l i ~ > : ~ L l e an3 alllea azlivitleI, s n a i l scale and "lllnge

? ~ d r s t r l e r , snr:i ;rader& asd *..zrcr sicz2cr.c sf eoci.tg. r 'uichei t o

e.;sure ;l?r io;o..:;s ;"b.::s.? ;g Lank? t h r c b j : ! r r r i r Oi~o;!lei $,,?is "Eeb

for I?.?oriig .. r"c rL i l l ; Ilrscs, a r2i;rrilr l E d l i depol;: ri:i9 of 6i per

cEn: r i i arescrai;eb cnlc i has bee3 frlfiJled bJ t?C b u t s . The

Oiiiltandin. Bicinr :t co-,-eimi. crsdri t o pr:.rrry sector stoce a*

i 5 . 2 0 t l - l l b i a.. a t *ne end d i nirc.9 , ; a s . r t e i u r h c r ot g r r o r l t r

ssc tcr a?;i.c?s errwants 5iosi a t 2 5 rr;;>on, or: ct xhrch :*ease7

r e c i : ~ ~ a c o c ~ r t e g icr ' a azccanc.;. -re i ~ a t i o r a i m i ; icr

P?ricuisrre an? a ~ r z 1 D.,elor:?rr f:';MXD) pro>.;Ces r e f l a - c e ircllltris

:D cor;er:;al bmi i , r?g:;.?a: lira: aaxks , sri cu-oparaii?e t e a r i for

t h e i r l.i?;rj i c cjlrl::.:2re arc rura l *e.i;:spnect

"r r r i i e t i r e ~nrlsisilti:~c" oi rurci d.?clop,ea: rct6ms

call~i rle Lei? iank Scie ie .qcs tee; !rrrai;ceo .iere :.?c 05 r i e tenks

wlrr,-ij:r ~ r e a e n c e 13 d dlsiil~t 16 sr:ru8?ed ~ ! i ' l t n e PrCPdr6cion of a

3qh2r, S.?d SCCLZ: :ds=>=+ Inter s.:a, :o.-~zLtJze ?he 7,:323g

i:.zc:~:i oi m r ':.,E ',%a 227s i , d iiese c r l ;o:glt t o he ?1313?ed

r.braig'i 2-creisri e,=zcas:; c." rgm: tai-e:osmeri aid a;r;r~zn.e t o :re

reeker ssir:c?i c t :hi. wcie;;, Barks cre ca-t:zu.trrp :.be:= i l t - i a

"5'-"L:;"r?l n r r.'ri: I;.elo?-..a; i p er;.rr.i- sum;:: i c I ' , I C Pcinc

Y-o)lw.,E ( 2 , I-ceqr.:na =Lra. =er..op-eqe ? m g r e w e , :3! ie2i

s,-p:0?1eIL 33:e,m.la 9 r EI;CaibC :-e-gloi'b Y O i t t . 3"zix? ibe sixth P l i i

P e i l c d , '6.6 i i l i r o i fa-:lies : ; i ~ e oc-r. pror.ica :.:lric.al ascis:asoe b?

t i e bc-i ia :3 r::e ~ r n c ai ~ s . j , * . ' i crcrer m d s r 13s~. as a rhsle, a t the

e i c s ' ? a € - i i , nearly 2i..?2ina !si.li:s2 zase bee.?

*-p :o~=nr azzlsrancs ~il?-er :i3 rz:;~a-m,e 1ni-11v.ng 3 i i : ~ ~ l ~ ~ s s b e n i

si ~z.a,i'a ~ ~ 3 r e j ~ h l c b i.:r be,* sredrr = l o r e a - o L a : ~ :c ns.j.>io

Cr515E. ?.?I* ;loj:&ile h e L g e n e r l t ~ d .I - , a r e l E S S h T O T ? i L =he mia. noor

arout t h e uosSrbi2r:i.s sf =air;nz :!lslr .n:;re *Art Buch iss>rtc;r;e.

i znaoc la2 a.5s.starce t o Id: 1ih2 is.ceirc:ar;rs under ite 2C Po;ot

.'ro7r&-zce uir cf the o1i.r of 8 3 . 7 , :: ::ares c i m e enr sf idarcii

'9~6~'. ?her. I-. a153 i. r ~ d f - i ~ ~ : ~ y - e . ~ ; . r scheme is: educated ~iie,-pln.?eb

IYCL!! W.~LC' :edn:.hed ;a ' r 3 3 . ~ ~ to car:^ rhe, t s eaks s.z self

a-p'oy-em :;d.isrrr, serrrces EM b - s ; r e = i ,.r;n rre ra.6 of dm%

l2azs t l 6 Go+erwslt rnrs:8?, irr;j t.,e period '982.86 z o i 9 i i - 8 6 dl7C.L

7s; irclsend t..-ei:lldrlei w i r e prcvrEd i:ra-Era: aes4irar:e Lrder ri.1.a

6 c h c n e = .

s>.qce 9 7 2 , t.anx* !,a?e re.? rrrcd I s exserc 5r2.ari ' ler sen:

of rer be;i ored:~ alder 361 icher. ;duin=es to tic secirnoa ri

r.?e s3r;eri a: r -:nciisiorre: race of Inrsrer: sf i per ce.2: ger --nun.

F;rr*er, ibY;.?ces .c =a? rc;.?'21ea cs.tc5 Z , d schebulGd irlber sbv"ld

icr- /: . r cent 0: r z r a i ,i: idYai.ces an3 iu:o-rbrr8s af Dai a d i z " c e s

5iOi29 il -a*. 11:0?35 r;r l . / r3-~ irDi:? bri-nc?EI 0' :ie baakr , i s ih?

inn c i i985, :i? ~ l - i ? ~ oi ?C:ZOIETS urier rrrs ecLere we? i 5 . 5 1at i . r

oi cc-,-erc>c: j r i s r9,a.ncer. 3: ;r:s *;re: ; r ra : i i rozzi fu.76~ g9:qg r3

ire :<xi. Ecrrar, 2:--er:ri: i ; e i \ i icca.rLe9 f o r rsrr.: :,?ree-ilfth.

ACZCIIL-g LO r.-e resilts of i , e >I: ~ ~ 8 2 3 i - ra: 2 3 : ini ;.nve.rienr

$ - r i e l ~ m d v s i e C i: Eesrnr,e i r r i ?i ;-die, oi ;.k :st?: deb: a? the

:.=a: i.crr?la:d, :.-a3 3cccc;re2 f c r war:: Zi ger cent i n '98: a s

iq6.nrZ lea* ih&7 ;. is* cine m =he earid i.iriss33,

Y G S i oi i*i. le78:n~:nr coin?s:es >eve ieji rlre:es: rates 0"

r;ra: icans 33 r t e : r w E i C e I, irrd~e, ccnmera1a: rtrrr exert::.

>051r:1e dlC:lli.li*iio.. lP fi.C-iT Ci 6..iI bgT1Sil:i~r5: t ~ Z _ - 5 w e i ~ i y

c i z g ~ m g tberi ;or,cr r a r e 5 of irrereii iiici i r e crrsr-suhszdrre3 by

l a l r e r t i r m l l e r s li t rade an3 l i i a l s l r y . IecmT:~, e "erle.7r Of or3p

>rrora.?se n c bier 2rt.-odrcid 1n6:i vnzcb :ciari rrne maror crass

r ir . , rice, wsesr, rr;J.is, 0;: seEds elid ;u;se", a i l farvs:s 0b:emirg

c rop ioarr i r s l cc-opiratrve credit ??rf ; iu i>ors , co l7er r r . i ha-XS, 6%

re,-;r.~a? rara: t m k s f;r i a iarc : ihc iforciaid croj6 zri c o ~ e r s d under

i!li Srdene. r.n+ sr; :.sdied is '50 per crri rf ri. morn, rt cr3.Z iam

d;ibrrisb iir :he e ; i y ! r a zrr;r. :re : . z i ~ r r r r = i . r ? - ~ w i- 2 e r cent oi

i ' l F ii .??.Leu is; r i c e , w e a t .n3 -i21ei ;io.m e r g : per c e l l fcr a i l

se ias ;,A D l . i l i . ;;.e I P o i x r of n r r r s c c e ;r,-i;in Is irillde? 6 5 ir

5?-d-L1:-a:?:j ..? I:e s:i.s ;f fua?; i c r 5'. crcj .=en. i h e ~ .?s l ra>ce

P ~ E - L U - :e S . ~ S : D ~ C ~ C 3.- L , , ~ CIS? of E;LI -,a r a i g ~ n a ? far-ers tc r t s

exrerr oi co per : r i sii;.dy r i e i : j tcrrr rgu,?ig h i r e ~ovsrhreri

"i ;ro:. ild s:.ie C;rsrlrerii. 3 t h e e9,eni m< sr,. f-i?*re, el.;'

:-s2rei f*I,-.Z i E e.:g:9.e irr ime-;:c, calcllsreo r + i l , reference z o

r.:e E ~ . - E E I - ~ o ; ~ ,;e:o o t i.:e iirr:e? c r c ~ . :be -a;> cb;acri?e ci ti.=

s o r g r r is : i d : I? C%C+ 0: crop iailrre.., i .Z1E_-E C l i . ; d PE e.n.L.;eti t o

re:a2 ;.nr :rriiru:ir,a: :;ins ant a t z a i l far, c:?dl: :;r ;he next

a e e s m j i .

ixrr-ainy tr+x:sq t o ? b r a ; are-: bar r a t see2 en:, . I naderJ ias

deve:cp,-er< of :rfraiirac;ures bas bee.? a ier>ou.r c c n a t r a i n t .

de^rU2r7oiir, ;;a.nlry, rec:rsaicr.ln cad pirceren: of b.nk rraff ,

most;* ":rC I.rbc" bar i j rsmds, nave pose* 6:ii:znLc sran1e-5. Cii3 i"S ci

ca?na."t wiil;.. t i . , lE i;*re srrei:..?d .akr,g sapervi..;sr a r d calltroi l e s s

e'fectlre, me ; a a l r d s ?i ~?~ t :nq , socii.; irersires, :be r a 2 s i

poi;si - ~ r ~ : e ~ . in: clcdlr 15 aeecr l an6 me re:airve

*x$er:ence ci yo,,,-: baa2 rar.e,-ers, si0r.s the stYpento>s effDrL tila:

bark8 hare r a d . i n .si;?D:la.lilig e siroil2 prererio. rn an0 >.cree.iir.g

r.",= . - +,, , ..... s.3 ... e fi;. c f :EId1.? ii IYIdI d T ? d S .

i i i t b a v;e* co upl;fiirg t h e rursi raor and rmprovr,q t*,e

p i 9 d 9 c i l r l : j C I bank c r e d l t :c rbe r ~ r e l s r e ? ~ , 6 s s e r u s 56nt of r n d l r

: i inched :be Ser ir le l r r l Approach fro- l&rll 1 , '983 Wl'er the new

ccgrsac,? ;:.e averace .srrsr oi ?:+:ages -as r .hs iarr>al l i cs"e n0m t r

,5-25 vrilnges per ba3k arelcb , a s 6 q a l r s t ?ler 30: ln 1319. li Is o w

o?s.i;*le ?;I i c e ,re--i -bzagEzE :o say :,?dl~:d3a: c:i+;t>m 10 a2ca a

reLcg*alle rs.5.r Of ?Il;aFes, l i a r ;er apsrsacr, tlereiorl, *xpec:s 3 e

lrilch s;ir: i C Errvel ine v:lliFrr r n i"e1; sermzce a r e a :or asressinr

*.me prteaili: io: 1e-j:,q n.7oer nr:<erenr a s i l v r i l e s and t o p i e p a r e

~ l n r a : cred~i ~ ; a o , rei2ectii.g :ae ;eedr and p o t e n $ ~ i l i f g ri t. is nrea rr

the ia3r.c CI i ie ivs;;atrsn r.h;cu?h r>rvey IF ?iia:ages. ir

eni3 ics lead bsui; c i i r c e r r3 pzepzre i c i e l e r f o r reis=.nab:y isrgr erear,

:r bail J F l i i r i is? LI . ILI iarigeli ic exp2ai.l f i e de-ariE a? tie

So*?,Te an3 5csrerr w,n,ch ~ h 0 , l C bc ratsn >-;to a;zauzt for delerrinrn;

=.be .?..be, or i.i..:tle za;ra r . r i c r :a. ,? L=:carze?' ir d r f f e c l n t

r-r i l igss . m e hrarc.? raFipe: * r d 2 srdl, !is i-;l-ge data ai.6 tne

prsgra7-es 3: de,elsc.cn: ie;rg "cd.rtr%e? ;n :he ".llzl.eS, decade t h a

ac.?EmeS ,320 ;ne 3-a3.e nu-9sr cf "rrti, x;ia? !,a car flralce rl; 3 Flwr.

ti,"= i r r m e , iocfri:;n *%st area Of cpsr r i l cn , Ovsrlapprnc cf efforts 6 0

sXtel.6 cre*:z a,?* C" 9,rerJJSe 2ts 2t::lzat:'n D; Ara>ch &kerf rrm

aelera. balks %*dl" ze arciae*.

Ag:rcur:~ri. ard r;:a: *sve:cp,neri is a cs.n*ii:raus pr iraas an3

id.7t.L .*me tC COrnPl t :!leliei.ies t c r l r a l !l."anclnp :1 a lofig-tern oasrs.

i a m h s isve LO e l r g r e r i a ? the: are adei.ais:g cr jc r ;sed rc ha7dle ti;.

t a s k . ::ass rac:rl bc?linp 7 2 5 : *;so re sclnd bin'rlng. Z i l e inproir;n~

the d;illc*rim c.7 Z h ? uz r : o f h i n t rraii :: the cause ri i . l ia?

3erelap-e~it, it - r s r ;e Enillred icii iic E o . ? . ~ Len.5~ OI ~ i - h i l i e are l o t

is-enpl.arisco. aai'rs are 2ci.7 ;.?E:.r"ri'ri. :big r u s t :e>o icr viar le

I'";eCLE i l c progr&.i-el C,I ic15rer 1-yrcre =i.s>r c*p;c;ig irr ap;rarFai

is= ;ma re puss:^ e z d ~ r n ~ t r r i l j g sf cr;d;r irr:?sniiar. A cioier r a p p o r t

bet*ee." >err ;iir;:ils a-6 ric?r C_:EntE, present =Ti p l I i D D C : 1 7 E , iE

?rre.n;ial fo r dejosir rrot;l~ri;ion aa vxili ae pra;lc~.ve l erd lrc . iinka

i.ii be 2;; 3 pa8r;:sr r c recyr:e toe:? :mar, 1.- doro? 53, rnei s i s r l d

re - : i,r:.h bar ro~er . i bit* ~ 9 i p e : i g na3 indersiand;cp aaa e,,o2ve

r.sr.2:ries i:r relle5;lg yeirl.:,e haid5bl.O:. I? :he sane s' ie, 1: i s

r e c ~ s z a i ~ i s o;ecs;rrgs i:?u. d?:+c:$. I.; :nzz task, It :s e.rser;iai

z i z r coi,e.-memii a j d s:,?er p ~ e : l c ilchcr-t:es .hip IF c r e a i r n g i

?roix;ooe c; i rcss cmr'nmse rc r;selg r c c 9 ; e r g of 6 m l b ~ c s . iasj for

T.CC?ETI O i i i T : : 51.175 e125 ne-l LC L E SIrE-gi,eiet iC EiiTlPa:i. tan

oreisnr araspiire:?~p de;a;s, i t - ca t be asprecrated t i e r o n l y srrorrg and

ii3irolnllg viahie Cree.; ;nElrrcir3T.I :en ef.+ecr?lsi) serve t h e s%dsa

sf rllrar ;-eirelo~,-en<

Prablma Of wearer sections

... .,.;rarccr an3 'yrl:a.;c., :>ns;ence, l a c 2 Of social

rE.iPoT.5lb;:itY. eoseice o acecuare cs-opsratroz rfrn the g u b l l c ,

C.uiiulcl i i i . g l d i r o n , .acn oi mO2i.Cn, dj..q9rllsm end inz3vaiz?enessi fear

ccrsiex are a l s o repc;a:ble rr a :ar;e extefir isr :he 1o;siiee

Isrilogreci ci iie zcra: cec:rr.

I7 :.no';a ib? lira: s e t .:p :; r a t r;e%? 1r lrs Icr-s?sreP 9 % is

alreadg orer-exp.o:red aoz ouercrowoel mrh a 2.5-8 area of 121.69

, - r l i l : ~ iezrares i:.:c, 2s 2.4 re? c*;r of ii;e iaza1 land ziea o f the

world, 2 : .ii$;crri, r o d j g , 325 mll:ion z e a : e , wb2c.h i s aiaur 0r.e 81rtli

ci rib t ~ r - ; w ~ l d poyulau?~.?. 7-e ire< r ;d%r o ~ l t l ? a i r o 3 ;r arrurl d l

>er ce.nt, a:er*a.r ic .-ii-ialn a pr3rer OCO:DiiCal i a l3 lCe i t EhC";d hawe

bee.? or:? o;~-?dlr3, xi i? a;cihar one-:b::d ilr t o i a s t s e.78 i sraia ine

ore-third f:r nunil, h?b:r~t :Oil . ASOit 3 i i e e - - i i l i Z t i a tie pe?ple i,vicg IT

i i r s l areas, r c ~ r : ~ beper2 ~ j s r i?r~:u::ure. Irere ire a a ~ x 70.5

n ~ l i z m raici-?s t r i c k ire s:is.i;iie?' e r ~ s r y r r a l , s r d i , s c ; - n e l ; i n ,

ie. ..- a.,d :arc*; 2 d r.r cexi of ioiil 'ir,ere have :as8 tlrr i acre cf

Iza,; 26 per r~ r ; teikee,? ' acre a."l 2 .5 azres a.nd ccothsr IC p e r cent

nirwean 2 . 5 i;o I ic-es, ;o.s i c per cent c:na:.:ot;n-. r z n - l a i d

-argi;a: :zr;*:r. :: x i d;fflc;I: for ;n. 3,-311 and wirp:.cc; izmers t o

rriye;e ,;th the ; a r e a far,?ers :a ?xcrcl..,ay cal:rsl ore7 ~ Z O d ~ ~ ~ I O . ~

r E s O 2 r c e ::Xi CIL-JIL , A ~ S D no? 0 2 2 1 iae rimter of roc1 is 1 e i g e . tnsrr

57e:ig 1 E 2ma:l~T;. ;ie_r i-c9,-ei a r i > O W . 2 5 w r ; l r l E E in 13neg

I?rcres ;a ? :a te2 :o i i z r e e rrtrqr tj Zb. n s e ;r rrlse... The IncaTes

are I r C t i d e ? L i z s . V E I t, me.: i 3 E l Z nw--i. resis. PC 2 1eru:t r:.ey are

forced t u on is r ro deb; . As ;e;q a; 60 per ?s.n: of s;rlc'?i:l;rel labcur

horse.?aldr a d 63 par se,;: of sw:l celiiuaizri are .ndetL?o. 7.". assets

r o i i r 2 0 5 iex22ua;zg :i,a, Ir re iger i ri ;:vesrrci, poi2trg. 2 5 no

,Eiiar, r .;r' 2o.i:a s.jg:e-efi+ t i e l l lCiOi.5 fii.l *are lib0.i. m e wage

rbodz,. aq?:Cu;:2re L S c-e 931, s7,:zce o t ea$:og?ect, 9:: 1a:;e

nzmbe: cf .'ar,ers are bi?>r-F rrcll *a;d;n?s where l l d e m n s r t a 2 r of

farmlrg x h d ! wr:l : a ; l l qrlc2l:~ral I Z C ~ J ~ I I V I : ~ can n o t be profltablr

*-2:sje*. I,nd.ss.i acr:rr;c<ril :ih?.r.rE lie L.nabie ro .'rod edequate

e,mlii,;e:i r c ELZ~OI: i.h*;leii.ei .id i leze a r r l r e s i r e heual?? bejcw

=.4* 5 3 V ? Z t 3 l ~ n e ~ ~ ,

ioie;:b. :,:ei rsr;ln zcona.,.:sl ., l e a ? , rssl-illi a a s k ~ i r t aild

: a:on:; C! z:":; fir-iers a r c caip';i > a il;L . , f C i 9 " 5 circle

if E . i i l i l * , 7 i l C E 51ZTITiiT Erejj icC :36SY-;::O.? LBEdS h'ii? h d 7 l l l j

:;rrin ii 15 iliS1dS i n IrCc,n*. rcej *I. c s r a e ~ l e d t c carr,w f.22~ i r m

i ? c ~ g l s r 3 e ; s , l l i r . d 1 1 1 d d :O reel- ;>err coiirmipi?~.? reqill:e,-irie. T h e

,-,~e,,erda:s ci3;ge -:;A r - i e a f :ri;rsst. *;n;pl;lsia rc=oui:s,

e,ncrcrzgE oi.sdu iair.ceoo:ds :a icr:or 0; sesurrti :I :in*, >I : e p i y r e , t

generally be=nrec dlfrirul: l r d i*;re j o cn accLnularr i iy. D d e tc ncn-

a l s l i a b : l : v - 5f ili?gbiloi. E O 1 I C . S . aia.: farmers ire high:? dweadeni

rn rz+ rz;;ie:1 :?SL>r:rg U.*CEILIL..T DI pIOdll^ii?l; Z 3 W P I o d l i C I I D l

r d n e s : 1 1 w :c i.rs rbe icha;r:enci ler.2. >oh, a i u li.??cn?av.7ic ianb

t o i d i r p s make $.be ira:: iri-ir; eooi~~i~a::? ~ e a h . I::ii~:ecg 3-6 S C C X ~ :

bashnardnesr rean?:s 1.l t b ~ l i feelirg &!?a of e;jrozch:oj ;.,ii;i"i;".7,:

D I i * l i ~?113>.+ fDI as5:.itaace. : e i i cuazac: ilL ,n+s.r - E r a , f2i:s;iacia:

an3 di"e.cp.eirai ;,+Liruf::?r i l r i h e r Isads t o rm7a:r j v s p fr9; -cdem

rscs-0:- 4 9 -

li :i coe~r?red ibei the ierneis uidaiia reed fosi b;s:c

seri-2ces r : .siz.por: i h?>r acrich:t:rzi p r e i u c t ~ o n , ma-el<, i,r;rt,

~ r a i ~ t , si;nnsxon irrd narie:rrg rerr.l:er, For purchase ci m s i r s of

ircc-iaticQ rrc* rEsi, P~~;;:~Z;~, ye.i;rc:des, -?:-a: feed, eic., the?

IE?"?ZE Cl.dlt. rj I'PI2"E ifiol'2idle 658 t.cnrlcal *cx-iar or.

p'oduorm; e;ono-lcs, inrmsrs rey2:rs ante.Ecira rer,;cer froi Z r l e t o

ziae. ;a e.2: surp;:r igrrcrirrral prcovse iraers :e.-4:re tre-up ant

liniijea iiii na:rc:lr; .QerrreS far Eerier re;;mr. Ilese r a i * z t r a g

ser<:9e& ,75- : ~ c : ~ d e ia:2:~c>?s of 2z2ceasx3g, prese:vat>o.? 0: t3

cOi?lsr= tar,- proi3ce :.zr9 icrhciiii. pro+ncts. Tk.i oc 3;re:e :ecrac-

credi t prcnagr e#pir.ur icr irie =cll.-ri of roe sri:: iervers bas

i-er:ed. .,>a: 2s ara:.in.-.e 2s e d.Slolr:*b :r.bii W A I O dCLS i 3 T ellsrre

""eiy a,z irsrc*ie S,'*Glj Of ?be r:.,;: r s e izr. I I I > L i E arb PUIridCil

i c r i t e x i s e . ? r e sm:i far-crs h ' ,e e;o sc o;? cf ihsl: s w , .?urn h.3

f i g e r a e.?d I=: rrdibi-5 n ti? ~ ~ C C ~ E S . v i i ~ 9 t redch-rg i h:r:~r 2er6l

0.. far.. aro3ici:v:rp era

lil pro.,:e,7 a: srai; f iricrs rcqr;re . r - e h a i e i5;ent;m

recsvra roere 1s ir~rs>a."sl:.~ rai: nsr. agricnltwai ti:'r.cloyg rag

ag?r"rais :.he e C O 1 C I 5 d i r > i r l L ~ terle~.? l.7~. W O EPb2l i e d I a i l i E . ' I h S

3is.c prcaie- of it= :rj:l i a m c r :s i * c r .h:l !znl i z Id l255 are

un?cma;.c Z?d rile jrr3;ci.vl-9 Of -1; :an8 i s very :ar *..trci. reerics il

:or. i ~ c o - s . :n :c.nrey:ence, be r s n c t ab:s ;r spply f+riri~rers end

DCher :?piits, .be 15 nclElieI bile L5 5,rr i we:: ncr lie;; * ;uiDseL

ihrch re.-.:re; 5 relafire!g large amint. S?,ce z'ln ;,?ail ferser 2s ,?st

ill ; p-s-*-o.~ ;a sirci i sn-i:-remi:, :=rye s r a e of :a;* ar s r c i i r l r g , he

ca- nor o r r r c r rell:red -733-is irc- r ,* ti?** iur ap2:irng rodsr.7

cechi:?l?i or cu:r17aH",>. i3e rrchle- is ,+;ris atri: In i a e csse of

o z i :?sre?6. :.r Crde: ro CirCil.7ezi Tenancy :*WE :arb O i r i E r S get :n:o

ilfarmsl arr3,-ge-emrr w;rh renazis; t e r m land r r g i i i e r s cen nc: a*

*, . . ... reg lr fez SO-e E - z e r s of c o - c s r i r l v e roc~eiies W I T ? z s f e ~ e n ~ e 50

ice e a r r ~ e r ir iard revenue recsraa s i t b e vil:cgei. 3vsr cr-crerstiv;

c:ed.: socrerres Lo ,not l i e = ids crsdrr need6 O f S l l i l !d:r.IL a;.? 1-73

6~vs13grslt bdnLie do 101 5.e. :i cxccpr iq r e r i few rases, a

spzclfr; po:lcg z1m;ng zt acCCI5:rg pr13T1:Y i C smd;? iilti?~L016. A

Iirge razz ai _-a-c~erri:.,e agr>ci::irn: ere:?' hes ?:re c r large and

-EdiiiR CU;ti7atOZa m i acciuilr for i "ccC >irgei part ci the sultlvaicd

a d 7

..,,* -..=.."* "l - - i _.- ID ice far- seo iar ;s l n d ~ e d ce10:rc

r c is -C .on?+? : B C ~ ; E E - t i e imca. .oris a,?< tt? p e z ~ a . ? ~ ~ CCO ids been

d ~ * , % :mz0 s cofi:..cz ~cs::&9? .,? reiat.sc 7: r1,e :a"*ls6s ,bcrkerB.

:.he rn3l .L. a r pa:: si r'E reijo.i::iarrso ETE. IT_CP .L ti% E O C ~ O -

a"-"--,. ;'a go:-i;ca. piccssr ?n the c?on:rjs:ds, ;a :he emergence iri

gzs ta t oi r s r ~ e i s a 7 5 -acerents ai.o crpa;lsat;ocs sasrd on farr wrihers

a76 pnrr i m s ~ s w?o :u:ia-ter tae r l% ;od .-iddie f r r r e ; ~ t4c are

Y.Ct i l 'E Of cr,.: ~ x ~ : ~ i : a i l o . ? iDd d e p r . . r i l a r rzd-r ;he greseni BOC13-

er;noP;c rri po.;rlcz. dlspefirslLar. :i 23 zae ?nsrgence of t ? ~ new

rove,-elis Of i n = iendless f a r , r:r*er.' a;d poor peasaa;rg in0 :heir

g':+,ir; :".$:c.L a r e bc:,g aritvprsc t o be E<ho..Ed ::it.$ v10:ent i9grIEaiS Of

:he :irisd g e z t r b . :ze re2ress;ve orgens sf rhe r r i t e rn the r i r s ;

ireas, w3.c.7 r a v e c:oie . : x i s , r-czc-.r a r3 SlCiil, *I;> t" sr;c ear6

- - .-c:e p e a j s . q i r g , fill, bark z c 1 -e r r fo rce tie r;lo:eri org;es apemsi

^" ::rr.sss iar- worisr; i r i p a o r Bea'dctri. roe XE? isrue a t :.he

Eresen: srage ci agrr?,.rlra: 3.70 i;r;: reveicz.*en: i.?c arcarllit::,

and tirccrl:c? gmer oi ine iar- libobr. TC? 0rGic;rrl:;:r and oergalnlaq

i u l c r Of mra: : i * r 2 r i E Ie lerar i .a rc:iiior t o ?*er r ixrei emg::ysra

2 8 we:; a s bezrer zbiaisirnrlo.9 sf wiata$;er re:;ire p r c q r a m e ~ r r s

:dd.?ch~E r ~ : i h e l i befief::. 1.x <re anjecca 2: c:garr.rarrcnr snd

t d T g d l n 1 Y 3 P D X E l , :i.e r l r a l pocr ar. ible verrher to i x t r s c t proper

rsward frn t'ierr ?ab"sr :nZru?;. s;a;l;% or c0:ieci;ve Oerpeiaing or

prEVeiir xe:care prograw,lies fro- be:?; 2ser iaz :be t?nefIc Of o t t e r :ha,

s k s e far r i o a i tenifri they are osre3sioiy d e i ~ g n e d ~ ~ .

ACCOIllng tC ibe All-lzdld >=ti ail< 1.775SL5e1i 3 U I V s - j i ? I I - 7 ? ,

the rural a r t r a z ??saseho:d.r .+??ma? ; l i l t 2.4 per cen i of the t o t i ;

rinrer of r l rr l i!cuzec52ir. :i.:r 3 ia . i r formed ,rs; 0.5 c e i cent 01 i n e

3o;a: csrecs oi r i r r ? *cuie' .c:as. ?he r;rve; *;as ~ereiled m a r WLth 3."

a,,srige d e b t ~ c r h3cse:.s;c c: " s . 2 8 7 , rear:) e:rce f:briis of rr-

Ircisam_c DEIOnyed :o :is reeker ZSCriCIS >,:to i S 6 L t ' ~elo," 3s.2.503. i.r

v a r ~ c ~ s reiso~s, ; a ? r , , ra2 ar?:rils r c r ~ co?>el2nc iu ailrdsn Lhe l r

:ra6.:;o>:a: :cc.p*~".ns.

:be rnr;(sy c i - r ? a r ~ reeds si rianeri cr.9 2ear.h.r workers ir

Dzildnar. ' o z . , i i ~ i ci 2 o ~ O a g ~ S i C , C d :.he: t?e pr rc ra&e ai rew r a r e r i a l s

ni r ie . ' i z , :bo;q? f i e ? c: r;rr;.sr, l.d rs n ;sci t e a l 31 e r p l o ; : a r l m

ri 2e*:rei.,orrsr3 sy ;riderr s5 rid i, iccepr r r e -2tsrri2 eye? :i

ii i-63 ri Jii-s:rn~drd T,al:tg a-o E L . :is i i o i s r i c p c c 5 to the

cre?>r^r/irader o>:y ai i re-reiried g:>ce wrsn 4,s lover :ism sAii

uarrertec b? nark?: co3i:i:ms, i c e dl:c:d.-i ie:.n?. :=ipe e2ouc.b to cslier

:,,te?es* e z r>e =are a: ,,?:c+ rore?:e.39ez edvaces :oe,-s, I .= . , 2d :D 3 5

C"Z ce;; jer a.,rr,i. +iri .ram iie:r .,eai;::i -0 pro-,rde I e s l i r l t g

scregiabie :: b r n i r . : rere <re 5;bei ?actor5 *.h.c., &re re..;orrlt;e ior a

ieyl-g~ile ilr, ?i s r s d l i :zsr i*e o r ? a , i e l l*ad;ng a..nc;er t c s.ai:

eri.sars. i.ae of iCs- ;s cis 2 a o i ci c c r t e = r ieruee.7 tibe 5-all criiscos

k?E i*e Isrr;r?ric.Pa; ar.o;er. ::an: ci i*e iiilsanl ere areaooal.d &."d

iqnorari c r t h e iiciiltlss vblci; caii be available to <be-. r # o case

rtilsier Te2iear.- 2c - i -w inrs m a rce ~ r - . - i r . . s ~cdostri r ; nzdrai. rhowed

=.car wbezelier t h e r e were cofiri-rs betmi? f b e we:; er:r.cws aqd t h e

diDLiS, ~liiSd?l.-.: difii d:il.S ,,ere era;2p ;?e?ooT? Lrrralr e 3 : a b l r s l d

Pras;l=cs of ba lks rig2rd;ny L?? eiigl0:lliy zf sccsrltg co,~p;?ca;c thl

sanccron ci 2oi i . i . I-j:rrn^ rszsar for :"e reIlct&?ce ci ba2i;o to

exieild c r ~ 6 i f ao ma?: srziranr i s ti!=: they do n c i cavr arg ~ l a i i r a t ~ a ;

t o apprO.CF &"*'I rrii5ar5 becccne rie ;I-e and EftDri ;nio..,ea In ibis

tusicess :a c l i t ci grsgorzio; :c t h e exrecr;d rerorrrj9.

Tie rlrii 3rr:sars ire riesz:: ;&,irccp;~d 3; tce:r pcnr

n*:::s ,.brrfi ;eea ;o ie ifirrade8 Tie :cr7z. traiPr"y Lo rlr.2 crirrz.?s

i s i ~ ~ a z t e d r n r c i g d s r e c ~ f l r ;rare:-e rrsiliut:ccs iike ~ ~ s r r i c r

~ndu:rr:es ~ e + t r e ~ , IrdustrlCl i ra j l ;~ , r? IZSL::L~~S ~ : d i i le~: zrd v:llecje

rzduscr~es c r ~ r n ~ a ~ : c ~ . ?.-aae who are a t l e GO ~ a z i a i e t r e i r e r i : : ~ are

5-83 jicili rc-s ~:c_i:e,ms 11ke i! T S ~ - ~ V P I ~ ~ D L ~ L Z ; cf iindrr~izl

rcio2rces r; parcrrss zew *Cole, i :;ck ct r l ra r i lssr of f"?

mirepre~eur;ei e.38 raczze-mt piooli.-r rr,-o:'red rr s e t t l r ; up cf zn

r rmrrry; l j l lick sf ;a:xer;ug nbrlii?, aLd ' d , rcct~ir?, i c d e r i v e

benrif;r fro- rLs hcil;t??i s r e z t s l i;r t h e dsve:op,neLt cf a iz r rans

>rider uir2o.15 gr"grC"7es.

;L 18 a l i c observel ->it tie per iznr iar are er:aall, ~n dse3

sf hei; ere rei c:?e i o ?es t h e recltrad srlisccr-e of funds a= the

rep2:red rl-e teciu3e a: ;a0 *a"< ior-il:trea r o be ccmp1r.d rrri; end

che grocejb:a: waz~:?s r.~,r>ed ~ r . :.he 5-r3?3ina cf api'lca:ians,

i8l.rt:on a r l a.~;;rsP-,e"' of 2a i i . l Lk 7r:ioos f:ra,c;,,q r."rritu~;o!,E.

SIL~L~I ;s narcn :U ei l &ha h l a a r l i b l i r . c s ur.iei 110 ~ r r w e i E an n;a

>5rii "Zit cost sf ;?r SChe,-e iC IS?: Ore rndZEi? i m e y rec;dlrenEiss Of

i .>r cerei.c.iries I.- ?!.. :;l:.al r:v?irmeni s tngsr . Phrs ruS5:by l e paid

to ;he sred:- :riLiinrlOrr rieri :.be prcqram.m,c r e ired ;p *:ti roa-s. :i

+ h _ " _ _ O 1 " - .,,. ..>. -,,, e >s x o t :2e2 Jp ,+:th :=a,>? f79.. 373 h ? k , r,!e.c t.5e

~".~.rr clrec;:i ;a.$ :o w e scpro.;i su~pi-er of qrsdi / seruices .

?:.ere arc i c r e i r s iE rsec rcere Ice lUbS2d" i s not re-eaeea ti d:s:rrcc

r.rz2 de?e.:pe?: a~erc :es 1 1 r;-e. rssbi;;7g .i isiiia and rrr

. . ; = a t ; r ~ ~ i r ~ i s no: gii:.-~ IT:~ZEE< r l i!:n enrr r - :pal; e;o-;t rill $re

S i > ~ > d , i.lol-;i 1s m i c e a-rc::z,:e i g ;n+ di.cz:rsr rlril dcve:?msni

' I P c g ,

inseitutionai nnmce t o wea~er sections

?',ere ,,.a= 1 coiplaie I.li..?CS C a r r r r i a : cred i t :nbilr..trc!:

ic; r. .ver, rar;?i of ;:-e. AS e reeulr, t'e ;qrs:i-: an3 i:llterare

y e a i m t i i r i 1 en, easy r i i Z" :*e ?ccii ronei2e-cer wi.9 enr0,i.d s

uirr-a? "oropcly a s a enllrse "f r i re . r r e f l i and as susi expl0;i.o then

rbe n g re ;r-zc. ~ ' r r s r t u r a i e ~ g , : n ~ 8r:ilsi ?c: d r c nr; -a*? any

rrt5,-ni io i E g l i l P T ? Cne #Oral"^ Z? 1 T l l e i e -".n?l:e::ceZS. I,? tact, fii?

idvszt of ii;irE.? ruin ~ ~ : v n ? - 10 pr0i;dr . rr5f:iiLi. ileid irr ri"e

.vai:age 3i&rer a; in. ,an0 v.:>er * rose 8.e .. n6roferroce Of i z r a,l

o r d ~ r a-d C h i ns.e~leld?rE ,e.ci free., e:arrsi .anr. *>I& atiracrsd i

r e v paraslric c:aes, l i l e ::ies :a ;i.r i i p ;f gar, .woiuwirrr, Ci.?

opprer~rc.- cirro=pls.ndsr ~:;r : e c m ~ roc .-evere rr be rs le razed , i s i

Zes~it arcY?id i Z 7 8 , itcre L:e:Er? r e r z l t r 2.v f;:Lr five v i l i i g e i ;n Poone

sad iweoxy ;a ~hmedna ja r . Bca~.2 le5 iers *ere attzcked, f b e i r re:ord.r were

ior.-rC2, m l,?;-olr) :,:tC :he c-rsss :f -e ric,;i:e isd to rhc pass.ag

tne ~ ~ s s ~ . ~ g r ; c u ; r u r ~ i r s ~ 6e11ef ~ s s of i 6 7 3 , w:th :he l a m r b ~ e c r oi

EI'YenLInT the ireosier of i a r d t o the ml-aqrrcni:.irlIi , a o i check??$

the .s,,:i.r r:,, in r;rr: Iniet:?da.s5, srr W~'il??&l Iledl'erb.ia =.id

;;s;ice ic::.de 54ygij:ea i szieae fo r a? ngrio2lrLr.l ban* t o ecau:e

far-eis $0 lo r ro t , aoler i: rerio.7e;:e rrirs is1 prr?hc:ire priposes43.

.after iri>:c;.-g rie .~zil8:cg i i g g e ~ c r c . ~ , rhs laud irrrcve,eai a c i 9:

'a13 in3 Lre Pgr;sulii.rrs:s' >;a, ici ;i ' # % S xeli passe<. Lairs call<

m i be : ~ r r r . ;? ;he iirmers frcr <he ?.L:X iwts for rar:o;s cwpases.

?!>:E 7arxe8 begii;.;ug of G s r e r n l e r L perfarm.rg rae rcie of n bszker

- .7mu .... - gl. the ache-= o f " t i c c a v l :uz.?i', .r.hlsn :oiiL~r~rB i c c p c r j t e rill

1547, 1: "as he21 iegur st?& a e sr.2fered ==a? cerraln inheren:

Il,T.zatrcris. E G t b :be 7s-e?L;iaer auc ' i a r r a v l ' as c osr r ie Of rural

creazr *ere hqc:< x,zsLl=ed :m :>s =eq2,re7s,nts cf ~ a r a 2 p e o ? : ~ .

07.1 5e.,.niu ?el? of ;.5dla8r poau:arrm ier:s,er rusienence

0 , - i.r:c>:tir?; ;ne p:Cp'z"on 3i 113rx:-g force o?."e,n?'ent an

rgr;s;i:rrre t o ;ie <;:a: i c i t m ? 5aice :n tile c o ~ n c z ~ stood a t € 5 . 5 2 per

csr r 21 ' 5 9 ; . :he l l r i r ln: pressure cf ;icpria;ic.7 ?a i-lice6 :iod

rescur=ei bas rc;'lrcd 3snt:.clec 35c2 ...a :r -!la per caprra

ani.lzb:!.ry of :arc frgn C.91 iecwri rn 1369-6, to 0.75 hectare ~r

' 3 1 5 - 7 7 and Cu.-:&ex :O 3 .63 oec tz re ii '580-1' . %;;s aar a l s c l e d io

fragnr;e;r;i>ro of land tsL;laqs ,"i;:i; ; 9 r~fiesrea ia srr ln t lcg average

arze 0: ogera?:u-3? b:ld!r? fro- 2 . 2 hectares i n 1372-7; i o 2.1 hecrales

;r '576.77, end i.ri;-r r; q.8 . : e ~ % e r r ~ I? i98S-a! . 1.7~ i.~:pirtlon of

s ~ a 1 ..?a -a.-j;ra: faz ,~ers t r e XC:~. r . ~ i : I e r of 151dx3g~ .naz E . ~ Y L ~ a

c9nrl;ocl.i is?' s:asd) racreess :rm 6 2 . 3 per cS.2~ r;l 1960-" ti 659.6 per

cent 1.7 '970-71 &rd t o 72.6 ? i ~ seljt :a '976-77".

i Z l i C E b C i l C ' O I C 0 - 3 C . r d i l 7 E SIC6lT r,zre. c-7 he traced to

i r e ~ e c o ~ e . - d & t : c - ~ ai 51: r e c ? n c iic.,c:sal :n 4:s repo:; af 1155 where

hi b:ghiigh-.ej ;~i weihe.caes cf r c ? ~ - ~ a s r ; r ~ i > o l ; a l soo:ce

.-ecoi,7e.-der : z ; ~ r c c:-3pera;i,,e czzdir ocrezles i n drf fe ieat

car is s i-• i C . . ? i i $ . icnSny.+lr:i, iie: tie rc; ci l 9 C C r's co-

c:arir;se -c.e-.<: b a r ;filc:e:l( :.u;c*.a cj.3 r; 3ey:c xli, id ca-

zper&:-,e s3z.e::es C,!dc!; >n?e>:?*e c: becefLz $,9 m=*? ficcz were

i :ar iEd 2.7 ze ro fa .':ace 9 ; 9 4 5 ,

A 70s; cgr3ie.. icz~ve z?o;r7;nr ex;:arai.~g r.3~ r e i h t g oi i u r a i

cmd-a In i l l its fzcets 19 ice 1epi.ri cf il; i%id Gure2 Credrr 5 u i v P b

cs~w.r:ei ' $ 5 : . .-.he ca,i,;rZes br~.;r;;~ :x--.nk i t 8 jJdymerr when

1:s repoi: s;i:ed. "1; l i rer.ra2:y recr?ri.ie? r r a i Lbe I"eve2grre.;r or

:ie ro- r ;~r~r i . ,P rrsn:: -2je-;"i I n ;#:a i a s Den.; midemate ,r *.iree

:?mrza>? 1ee.Gec5s. ?.?ere &se :zrqe par** Of t > e <G,!.zrb dk2C.b > * .h3S

i:l?lerio r o t ra?i:isd; ever :.- ZCOE? d?EdE I C l > l C i i ii i a e exten*.^-,

;.+ere i r e *i.rse Ee2i:c.-s 3i r;r-: p0p'i:ai.;. ,,';ri, r'.r:: re7a;il auislde

:is n e i h e r i i p , i r i e2e.7 ;: cetenr;c7 2 s cmi;ned to c iare Kh: are

-e-oer3 Ci :5-:peiar:.e cr.31: rislerles, ;i-= itrpn tili of their c r e 2 i t

rs0";2e-'.n'5 nre Isr rrcm sorrrer 3 L e r :nrlr. r c -cyera t rv i z . *h?i :& n;i

a.i x l d e l ? recomr isd >s me: r h e -ign;r.da ?i tnls <:.Pee-icld rcedeynai,

l.i sue.? i s ZS "drrrri, fTCi l ;he ;raEr:tai>ue as 0i;:ing"isieO :ion ;he

pua:i ira=~ie arpsc-, m:y cne jidpe~eii, namely. ,fazl,~re, on rbe f ~ f r

jeir iecrro :: the cc-cyerai:. .e credit a g e i c ~ :n rk.s roLciry~i6.

3 ~ e r t he U E ~ I E i h ? C O - S F ~ I ~ I I ~ C C T E ~ I ? str~ctu:e d e i e l r p e d

Anrc a mrse-iaer sysrev ;ors;simg oi zri:~ so-ryeratiue ainxs and

a t a t e Icnd devel:pmenf b i 7 ~ s a: =.be Erere :=..el, cer;rai/drstrice os-

o~erar i i l e barks a t t h e d:s t r ;c : .e~ii and pr:rary agr:s~~t;ral orsdrf

sociEzrc2, iarnErs' 3r rv ;ce s?cielr.r a r c I;r?e ill; eClvaSi

-" l irpryosE ioi .~lL:es i c rbe . - l e d ? ? , e i .

w~~~ :.qe cc-aps-ri:rc =red:: suc;eides, :hi

ijrr-r;eurai cridr: iocle:.er hr?z e r e rrdss; ccrmri i je in eeris ~f

gso~zo!, ,~ra: area Ap. : ;i , - e ~ ; c r s h ? ~ . i,lre,,cr, eve.7 a f t e r 6 2 0 5 2

~zl:cd of exleienae, -.me P P C i ia?e ;ci oee.? ab2e t o Ce2lvei cnn rocds

ex?Ec:?r 2- in*", le jor l t i . cr i n e r hi.,= ;or beco-e ric.';. r o f i r . Out of

ah:>= i . 5 : a l b ZACS, on;; izsl: or;=-il:id i ? E iu:l tile pald

iisre:ar;e;. >b i r r d ? psr c.-2 ESCZELIEE f ~ ~ i C i l 9 . r In 1TSS. Y l l v Sf tnen

rr? ior-dzr i r deircc:. %oat .PACS are ? ~ n a . < ? ~ a : l y mi raiagerlal:? vee i

a i d i - p e r iron ;cif??sar? *>naesz, .nca.: c i i r d i e s i i id f*.rl<l. end

1;ef . i l~>ez i laragl-?:!r47,

Pie A:; I.rdla x i re? 2redr t .?P?~EI Cc~.-lL:se "561, s ~ e e ~ i i e d :

,,?J.cr C*??" ;; :crra;n icc<ore zcsl- a s cr;ic;;:cl rsLk?er;er, :.i.vra t o

ro3:;ss i d s p a c e isjorlis, -;lziia? :nerdas;, ;ac* c :r;.nsd rsari,

5% ;^-ryercii,n :re317 ,,as ;ra:ir;q i r i l c d toe d e e r 6 for ri I n t c e

%?I:cL-*2z*2 sect:?, .a: t;,e sa>e ::-e, effort in r.qe s?.bere 3f rrrai

;red;* i :!;r:d zo; DS 652+i, co,ceil;ri;ia :- fie 0 s - c a s r a r l r l sector. Co-

c?ela:;.,ss r:.ou;i ne ~ : r e ~ ~ : b e , - e d , b&: rbe; scca:d be cii i c e b e t i e r -

a r i 2 . k ~ ier-zr TSi*DT 5 E I I D i - li 3-6.T insLlrUtl3ld c"-EXiEtld w i t *

t i e r 17 i e a : r i g ccqre:iirr;~~~a.

Progress of Ca-opera t i v e C r e d i t Havement in I n d i a

B:rrrg 5 8 6 - 8 7 :Jui<-J4.-e,, frrzi depas:rs 2 - tire zo - cpera t i i r s

sector :~:s:a, ce.rrre? ird E T J P ~ ; ~ l i v e : +c~eiber! lnrrenrrd bg ~ r . ~ , d i i

i r~rla t c R i . i i . 293 sroriz. :.be qrcr:.: rare cf ' 9 . 2 per cent iiir br?ter

as cmparsd rrti l 5 . 9 jer ceu; in ? O B S - e b and i 7 . i per cEIiL in 7984-15.

lotel :eerr r a i d e d I? t h e a s :lsr::cilo>i durlrg '?16-87 went op f r o r

B s , i i , E 8 9 ciorei to Rs.l6,7iO CIOZEE I . ~ o : ~ i ~ n g : ~ n g : e m 2oma bj.

s t i r e ~ e . ? > a ? j z 3 a i l ro..-.er, ibe ?rr,.=r. rite a t 4 . 5 jer cant ma much

i i # , e i 6s -arpared w ~ = h ' 7 . 7 ; e r ce-i li l i Z , - B h an3 s 2 . 7 per cent

.EB*.dj ( 9

T4n.s i . ' revea?r t:ari tLe 1lepo5_15 wlih 23 ~ l i i ~ 0 - 5 j e r B t ? 7 E

i.3~~ S C ~ S ) ;css i-3- ,~.:,i85 crcres, e s a r i h e s . 9 ~ oi line ,986 :a

~s.?,~:i croror : r e ri z r n i i T 6 7 , req1srerlr.g an ;ncreese ai i 2 . l

~ e r ;sot a; cs-$sreC u r r i ' 4 . 1 ;er csn t lo i i l i - 8 5 an6 75 per cmnr

dcrl.2p , S Z ~ - S ~ . C*O,.P: ;ii.na i ~ ~ ~ e ~ is the scai cur.^; isas-$7

b f = s . - , 2 i i 5r;re.i i.?;b.e? igjrecier'e :rz.srli of os : , ,E l crarls s r

3 . 9 per 'ear. ;,he p ~ z ~ ~ n ; a r i of S Y L Z ~ ~ . S r o :?e.?c ooariavb?ng h a s

sl1:n::: i:j.:cr a r 9 . c per rent a t :be ere uf :lire iia7 r e on-piire* slii

..i per cia; 2s i: ti? ?rl o f > ~ c e '886. %e ;?rosr:Gjc cf averdues t r

im-a?* rrcriasei i r o r 9 . Z c s r celr rr June 5 8 6 ?c Ti. ' ser csnr la Jo;c

,59759,

Tit?= . 2 i.?C,..l "6 prl^less P.3 rre prrio1o;coe Sf ^D"trrl

;o-oaeiafi?c .>e-r<l I ~ r i l g i?2d-?5 r r 3 6 6 - 8 7 .

Table 1.2 PIC I.EE 5: Ce.7ir.l 5 o - o ~ i i d r i C e Bi' iki

sLT.!.: 2984-85 ?O '936-il ( D r . In crcre i ,

Percentages of averdues to:

liore. I : Plcv l s l snz : .

sGrrce : i e i lmra? aarr is= ~9:ic~iiire and iors: ~c"-el;.menf, and Reserve l a rk :f adr re.

:: is zhsenicl i'?. 'able ' .2 i ' la; e"e r r 3 c : "f C e l i r a l cc-

spiirar-w Pim>s 'CCEs, ncrresed c; 3 1 3 n i S 8 6 - 8 1 a s so-pare0 r c 3 5 2 ;a

9ii-85. 3eycsrss -i$i C C E :iCliiS?iig 29.2 PCz CE7L T C i l . S , O ; F inre5

-cnpsreb . ervrrb O: C, i ceni iec~r;s= C W ~ L Z : 9 6 i - a 6 . re

icia: a-rLci of > o i l : : L s v ? i hv CCPS 2: Pe .6 .343 craze; snowen a dec:ine

ri ' 3 . 5 ~? i :ex; i s c o n p ~ r e b urti a i-se 31 1 3 . 2 g l r cenr 1;; :be

priceedrrg 3ecr , lh. ; i . i C E i t . g E Cf D ? e I 1 " 1 E i3 1T*>S C O i S T m l l i g

decierssd ,-.rgr.la-li i T C i l . 2 fie7 3e;; r: 3 0 . 3 pi C.%C, **ereis tie

iercmLaaS a f s , e r l " C s ru di.-=rd ;..c-ea-co iro. 2 7 . 8 BET CePt LO 39

9" ccer.rlf,

Table 1.3 1D7.lcp.e": oi Srarc 'ce r i re l :an, JE?siCpw?Zt EL.k5

:iri"? I ; d 4 - d > ;1 '9Z5-67 ' 1 5 . io crores!

............................................................ cs-o~ercilue Ye** I;.lg-*re

Irer ................................ 1 9 8 4 - 3 j i 1585-86; , 925 -67 i

Percentages of overdues to.

I . Lozns o.irrc.nd~ng 5 . 9 41.8 1:.4

2 , "&-an9 4 2 . i 14. 1 0,. I

;r 2s r ; i l i 3 i e d ire- l e h l e '.* : h a t 5% ol;-her of .=:17arg

~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ - i ~ - ~ : c ~ ~ ~ ~ c io-.b::e ,i.a:s, deciezse3 ~ r m ? ? , e x as ar the era

i;.qe '386 to i9,C.g a s .L : re eni ;i June '387 dlc t r i ' ;e:r

I E 3 l s i l l . . l . : 5 - :it: ?i?il~ dSi!S. me i.ni.z571 .is9 t e c r e d ~ e n

,Parl:~?:lj i r c n 7 2 ' lalrs so I 5 ?;xbi 3lrlag r:s yz.1. ILm de.Dc5lcs of

PiCS 1nrrEer.d .nOilc.ab.g tr9,, .ir.jii _-=ores a s 6 r i:e e:.b Of ;nn? 1585

ir P E . I:? cra ies as -he end oi me 1387 riow;qr a r;se of 24 per

ce;i:a~a:er rrri!l 9 . 2 per cen: I ~ r r n j the y:lr:als ?mar, 2ir;;c 9986-87

':.li-J""e. ioanr ep?reya;ln? SS.3. ' . *5 :::rer w i r e ilsi.lrel ey PAC5

~ ~ C S L ;;e r a ~ e i-rulr 2s :.? 'sri-gc lns.3,'4? cr~ra; ! r t o w ~ n g a

I d r y . l i i r r s c Of 9 . 3 jer :Err ss iorparr3 u::i . S . i per c u t in -.be

D'eiedlPg 7.3s Ci-ETaUeE 5f FlCS cr:aed 2 r:s;ng t rend an3 ic=:ezssd

?=om P c . ! , d O i cr3re; as a i ir:e erd of ;r?s 3 2 6 rr is,i,89i crcree i s a :

i's ~ 1 0 a' ' 3 2 - ecr; f:rred 23,s ger celr c? rh; total ioaas

orts:alli"q ..? i 3 ? 5 - 2 1 a i z ~ a l n ~ t 4 1 . 8 >ST ce,ni ~n ' 5 2 5 - 8 6 . T.ke

?=rc?rragc st oasr;:er t o di.waod 'wbzci w a s Rs.4,€64 orores 2s sn June

3 0 , ,567! de:i;nsd f r o , ~ 44.' per cent a s 23 ;nr? 3 6 , ,986 zo 41. I per

aen: as $1 .?ace 39, i ~ 8 7 ~ ~ .

'?;;press ?i Pr: ,srg Ca-ajir.:Lre 3nr;rs mrmg '984.85 rc ,965-XI

,175. :i STOTEB

....--..--.---..------..-.......------.--------------------- L O - T E r d i l 7 e Y e a ~:uli-:un=l

ite7 ---.--..---.--.----------------- I2'id-i5: ,985-8CP '985-576

----..--.--..-.-------.---.-----------.---------------------

i s i:?di2+r+a in ?ab:$ '.i, c r r . 4 ~ : ? d 6 - 8 7 , :3 erlrary Cc-

rp9rat:ue Ban<& '°CLE "ere cstcillrhei. ralslnj the :a;s1 nmb.1 0:

PCZE LS .,;.') e s a? t h e s i a of -!i,.e '38;. "le o'?is5;:5 neir;isei ir r h m

r c s e by T i . B E 3 rr3r~r or iy 2 2 . 1 air r$;.i :a i s . < , b 3 8 crares d o r ~ a p ihe

year s76el Jlce ,967 . ;re increase Wac 2 ' per ?err J u r r c j 1913-85. The

ioia: e,.cn.n: of lcals al?rsia;b;,;p ;f Lne ?CIS ir;3rea;e3 i# 2 i . i per :ei:

arer iie ycar ;s b s . 3 . 1 3 3 ciors.i l i i i c ? res rerrlni;:: hrgher rrir 5%

>acreare oi 20. i per renr I r ;he preceding year56.

;n re fecn g r : ~ r ~ l : ~ nee? for r r r a ~ ==d.t esp.ci3::g =ster

rbe rs:.~;ro~og;crii zrcck i.bror?c a;? rhr expans~oa ct rrripiaon, it w e j

IE3115ed i n l t C O - o j e r d L I Y ? S I : i l l e r r l l d n r ; be ib2e to neer the

reg"ire,nenia. one Of <he o i j s r r i v e s c.i ;;rra1 s c r r r a l cvei t&?i;r .;;d

s.~sscdn: rs-iozi:iizi:c; c; ;iE ii:oT >as 50 e i s c i z r c a i cred~r

c.na l>.d :, ..crlo"i r.cicri i * e es;..rmy :i .scarC%nce W2t!,

"irlmr: iliir;.?g :i;c;&i~e.i. r..:s, inirr a;ja, iip;ied i;cr, C f c r e i ? i

i o r e s i ~ r s i.q;r.? were :.+.a re;.;:ri.r. It was recrg i r~red D, :re

" r o r i l n g Clrip ~ ? d ~ r cia:r,.e:s*:p ci r(.5..~r?s,hnrsrsn> o i prror2ry

SE::OT ~ e r d : ~ ~ aoi ;is 2i r ~ o a s - ~ c ~~og:i-.-c 4.0. siate: t k i r

rnErs l e a "zed <c i l ;zr hzqr idvm;csr xi;blr. :as j r ior; t? sec iorr

ire gi7e- :i?r.biinp:u r o -.,a 50-pa-:r--e:; rei.;er 37: qcrs 'In:er-

rr:vi:.gei :.:iro,7r. T h e 'y.i'<ir S . C i l i " E , 1P it. PIlOZlij 5iSi.i CDYid

-ear t i e d a l c r D117::EGEd L e C l n i 5 of tie IOSIELI. I , ' ~ i i ~ l i l ( n n E 5 nab 59

e;?ber ir.-anc;i: or s r c l a l , e.; . , scici.lcd castes a ; l sc i rdn led trrhes.

?,hens scl:3;l, wraYsr lect:oz; ai szcisig are a1rc 3s a -:ass

fi.naicla1.i xrar, a;d soffei from a I acn c f Larcilnrlg power and

dr::ci:iilnr 1.7 $.li>TF COel i - ?Ildrdnc.E 1.L.

:hi iiark2xq :rods Itex;ii.f?ed ii;s h.esier re:tacni ss c r g r i r l r p

s,-a:i and rarg:a.; f a r m e r s , 2elelsLI 2a-.o,rer. 6": blr_-"b.eri I 5 1 .>:led

ecr:,r:Hss r : r .h credit I:-:t 1p r o is ; O . C C ~ . sr,;:srij, f a i:-s cese sf

3-a:: e c i 2 i rrmzrr* rectors, nrar/borionrc w:ci cre?i: Y p S ~ fs.~i,~:o

were t r e a t E d as xeaner 5eci;rlz.

ii-?:e agre?:c; i i r a i d r,ir.m :be jbave ippr;ac.h, the rSmlng

5 ~ 0 1 ~ apzo.si=d ir idiict ' :a2 'css'r cs,~?.;reel ?e:r iber ti'= s o n c e ~ ; oi

reeker secr::n.i sbcdd ce r: :b~.nsd, g;ii;rcrinr;i to 1nc1;de a.1 griDrlrq

ZESiTI dd?dDCCS io sTi.di:ei c a i i e s and 2 3 . 4 C 1 L l e i r r ibec . i ccordi"gl? ,

r" e.i.iXer i i o l i c n r c;rDirse ':, % a l l a-d ; i r?rne2 far-era, la.?di..rs

Icborrsrs, r e r o t fal-era ir l shire ci;p;crr, ( 2 ) irc~sais, rilia;c aid

ciiiage i"d"sir:eS, '3, i.?D.= :eaifloleri;..; ' d ! sci?d,.ed castes and

c;.?eaii:ed rrrhes, ' 5 , 3Pirerct:c;ar:si.

FZ;~: r o a;i;srri-ce c i r ce . a rd rural h e r s a- =a* r ~ r a ?

crsd;? scc.~lis, cn -~ .~o ra : ; ves r?d cs,- lerzis: bzu2s r a r e ihe tiic

:r~:::~r:o-e: C z ~ a ~ ? e i FIW:?'~.~ cIej2i iG t;e r u i n ~ e o p : ~ a' =I.'

" r l l a y s Asis.. AS ;."drcarei e;r:;e:, ii? cs-ofie1eirrei t ; . l eL ta 1.e:

znc ;.crezr.r? l i r i ' c1sdii:;escs 1.7 7*-erii, ard i;c.ce of slia11 aao

wz?>.7a; tar-ers , < ? par=<c<:er, .:Wr.he?, >rs bef ie f l t s ? m i d naz rsac.?

i;i rect ia-.s Of BO_-l?i; ' a l l l ? . -is oswirerzlel ra.-hi .ec*ea t d ? abll;ti

=o t a c k l e i:;i var: expoding credit r e ~ ~ ; r e ; n e n r s 0: the rurai goor

l l r D l y reca:se o f :;c:r 1'70 cast strec;2ie acd ;undsc;dnie local

ri7017e-enr. F:.?oilg tie *.Ea.L7ESl.3 i,7 *he er;srm: ilira: crs2:r

srrncture, ti;? i z ; k > n ~ CDI-?ES:~ ii irs regort i i ~ i i ! hzd proposeo ite

B ? i i i # i s s: r o r i sort cr 'rlril baoxs ' . The Cc-.:5sr;r qri"e1: "Il; ;ie

la:?$ and r s - f i i - i b i ~ t ' l a t i ~ x J.7 the field of :urn2 ci=lr ; m m d i c ,

=-ere l r l l l ;i,-a1i s ;irje qe; rie.7 rite* :.ye ran>-n.i aossit:e bran=:.

ex?e.7s2sE .ha3 ,sex trxec 5s co-7sr=L32 ?.%..k~,,jS.

a . 6 prcridis c;?e d a t a cn a'irec; roso~ruii;rii finance

for 6)ric;itsra: 2nd a2;isd a c i i 7 i L i e ~ ddr r?p '354-25 to ' 9 6 5 - 8 9 .

i r i n l t 1.6 re,ic?s t h a t r . ~ 3rrecr i ~ n a a c s cbtstbqd~rg for

agrrcuii-;re a r l i;llei a-^:ri?iei i o rr.5titi:lo;a2 ayerir;ss, u i i . . co-

rperarra.5, icOe,rieb cc-mercia. bar,, and S t a r e ivvsrlrsrtr fcceiher

ip#regaie# R3.2C.582 =lore6 a r ?'ID end ai J d r e ' 5 9 8 as aqainsi Br.:7,E31

cr:rs+ a: i t e and cf ;tie 1367, re7ls:arz-y su irczease of ? ~ . l , i 6 '

crorei or ' 5 . 4 re: senr rvrr :.he yecz. ~ r a v ; the d;ffersl; agencies

ia<err"g 30 r.1-: czedli. ^o-ap.rstlvi-s rejrrrei ovrsrm~i2npe ci

. ? S . S , * i ? -=ore6 a: ;is n a ci As= i9X" Xr-:c' rrpicaenis a; .ncrease 3?

19.1 per ascr over crrzsaad i .~p i ~f i i . b . ~ / crores s r ; * c w d of ;r.7e

:;i rellli ?.a : zny i cr - IDdrS i/ 3151 d.>d L i B E have Show a

e l -? iar ilcreais ilr,,? . R i . d , 0 1 6 :roxes b i i . h e end of 3ilr.e 5388 Lo

is.C,d/B c r l r e i i : riis end 0.i J U ~ E 7389. DITSCC f .ndroe d l s l L r s s d for

ac:.c.?:.re b y r.le so-;?crzt.res ;scr+ased fra- Z s . C , i ' O sroi?s 16 '587-

' 8 :C Pr.5.221 :?;:el '5168-8Ue~:i.?z:c5~ GI a," 11?=reaSe of FS.5i7

c i l r e s Cr " S B I C m i . I h e E.:c:r 'erfi 2;r75 b l i A C S we.; 3D b9 .?S . j i?

:rare3 li: per c e l r , ;o Xe..',<.'i crorrs In I 9 J d - 5 9 fro- 2 S . 3 . 2 Z croios

li> :36i-88. I c t i r 5 e 7 ? i ; i 2, TRSZ :n =.he ?;a1 r.card;i a r a r g ? ? s :

d e c : ; ; ~ f r o - ~s.433 croias ;.q ' 9 8 7 - 6 6 t o r s . ~ 6 i m s i s - 1- ~ s i - 6 9 . L O ~ S

rrissm!61;.5 1; rrspeci r: l ; r e c i .il;snce prorrd~d hi . ? r lP~ rose fr-1

RE. , j q 3 0r510s a i r.ne elit ci ;.re '38-0 ?;. 7 , 6 8 7 srornr a: :fie e?:a of

:ore '363, r i c i r d i n g a r i r r r i r s n of 2E.C i s r ce-i c,;: :.be precidril:

iezr. rhe mriri of ~rrect ? c a m crriii;d:lrg ri- s=nedu.ed 0 ; - ~ c r c r a :

hark3 7oaej h n fro- Ps.::,962 rro:es a: t h e end rf 3urc i986 ;a

? s . i 3 , i E 7 ::ores a: ?hi e-3 5 Bert:' ' 9 8 3 . zhci in ;.qcreese of 19.7

ser ceni i-ll?r t,?? pr . , i .

Indirect maace

:ndrrec: flra.acn ~ n c i n d s s credlr ?or d;rcnbut;an of

firr~laaeri, l ~ a c s :s eI?c::l-rrg h o a i ~ ~ , l ~ c v s is fzrnerr ibrmgi.

?ACS,'i95/lA:iTS and aii.n:es rC Z?mcles cf btsie eprnsorsd iorccrarlon

for o T - l e P d ? r p io i . e l i e r sesirsas Ar the agr ic" i tura l sec:sr.

- L ' W i i ' O i - c r n ' i B L " / ' I i 6 I r . i - .. -. -- -- ,.,/i'", i"lOJ - r z",ras7<xtr">

ac-LY* ' i " - " C " ' L * / L b i ' l l . ' l zb ' l i l , V ' ' .%.PO@ ,lo"i', ,"o-,,"l I - Y C r i / i c "L'"I7"l-id l""= " " Y - " :-$8 i l i i O L "l, -- ~ . U - P C1"mr i""C ,.","&" -r

,\oar 'rnonr?r>, srrini

.". ,<, . 'I d 2 - < w ' t d".L9F,l V S 3 S ' L C . S S V ' 2 -- . -- -. ,,,,,,,,,La,*< -7

5y"s7,

,,,, ., ,,,., , 0 - 0 ' 0 " 0 " ,,,., I - , , , ., o-,,,s ah----cr,-w ,L".,J ." --- a,,:, " 8 S , < "-*?",, 3 - ' 9 L . , 0 - ,I,,< ., ,,-6"f,.5 "-9B<." " - z C p . ~ ',~,,< ".>LO.< d".,>,>d-"2'az->s -*

@ . V L ' . 9 *-,or.i ,o-'ca.i i . i a a . 7 "-16?,/ 0.iC"'L ,,a-,m,r x o - i o " ' r r-rri 'i o-t,,6', , r i l r a r n i n r r - 2 i a - o -1

.............................................................................................

O S I *_B i t J ~ Y L lnbi W'i 'x-BOO' l d - l i i l / l i e 6 1 OP-rBii >"->I68 --p-...--.-.-..-------...-----....--- ~ ---p-----p-----.----------------

,a",,r',ini.) ,?ah ;,,, .lurr,,* "-rc.. .li".i

'"N

,,, ,," S F i , i r / l i n . , i l i Z i l -,-"I "7,m'"J 1" *"no5 -z5

~~....~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~.~-~..~~~--..p~-~-~-p~~~~~-.-~~~-..-----.-.--...--.-p---p--

", -i,, ~a,,'*<,.7v F 7 , T " P". 7,.,,,,,*,>,7Z,T A"4 ~,>",r.,., r s " " c , ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ " , ,-a7mL,m ,-, .Tv-.z

8*.:;>"3?

7zi;c ( . 7 a>.*"< r.:i: i'n 0 , i l S : s O i i l S if ti. c"-Opnr*Si ,E3

;:creiie? i rs i ?s.i,i;? crores a r L.72 en3 of Suin ' 3 Z B zC B 1 . 6 , 3 ' 4

crorer 'eil>-c=si! 3r ice e - j Jnr '3i9, iiiih r*prese,7tr a rret Of

.%S, . ; , z zrcres cr 2 Z . d se: ce-r o.,e: =,he , ea r . 3imilarl?, :.?e

oi~rir;dl-jr +cisdi:a?- C O - - ~ ~ C ~ Z : naakr i a l c i a r e er22rer.d a t

i s . ,,5:i crorer a t :is e b o l iarch i9es .arks a, i.7cr.csr "I ;?i.db

crores or 3 . ' p r cent crer r i e o . r r r t z rd i ry5 of 8 s . l . 4 6 2 sir?05 a= t.bs

E n 3 Cf ::.qe :_lee, i" C l S e ;t i l s s , : r e cuiei9r~iapI ri ii.69 crcis ,

5: :ire rni si :.?e 1585 r e ~ ~ e s e o z 5 e l -..CIS-iSS of R1. 14 rTDTeS Or 4C ier

cei r c r e r ;..e .-svr: oc:iia.-dr:,? a t t h e ui June ' 9 9 8 . T h S lor 's

o.rii;=,le:l? t i rircl t . : + ~ I r l i ~ c a l l o n C S I P D : ~ ~ ~ O dent OF fro- 7 a . Z . 8 2 9

r rs res a : rrr +:d oi;- i .o :a84 ;o 3 9 . 3 , d 6 7 cro ie r 3: i h E eri of Jwae

' P I T 2.- *, li 5 ;erce,i.

rnie .E::l.rec c -7r;:c: fins-cr for 3pr;sri=ire c.8 SIiied

i r i iYi : ie5 D j CO-orE.I?tI'CI ire air:l?bl. ,jrs ' ? a 3 - d 9 . :noir.ct :;nilare

3; So-0pnrr:iror inc:easr< fr?- Rs.L,0d7 l z r e s i n 1987-66 to RI.7,lli

Clsres in '986-5; a r r j c r i=r?ls? ci ..i.cr P 7 . I per cent, xrsr diib;ired

a i sr3s. : : a m ~xrblreed h i t .%~ r,,ral e~e~er,fAcat~cn

ccri3rs:is- also E l o r e < a? i C l r a l l I : E - d f:om ?i 655 C I O Z ~ S l . ~ ' 5 9 7 - 8 8 50

. $ z . B ? ~ cr:rcs in ~ P B B - ? ~ ; ~

B c r i r j ,986, 67 &-C.": ri 31.>,589 crorer x s s disbursli ;D

-o;rr 7 7 : a t \ iorrore~r re:mg.ng :o m e srlor~t? sectors bg m e

arrsdlled c0ir.rc.a: rlec*a. r i n a s n = S . I P B c:smr wae ?~s>.rred ;o ' 5

,a<* oa2rcrer.i *.-srql.? t i scisln2eI sasrEl / sc ie i ; l e l rr;ls*. In ot.,er

wcr3s i . , ger ce.7: rf i r e :ria1 a - o r l i ;i :"?'A'S sec to r drrLcrEeC rai

:r SC/i? sa:.npEru cs:.rrl:"-.33 ' 9 . 5 prr ceni of *be ==;a: prrorrly

rector mrrr,.irc. ;n : 3 5 1 , ihe

i l u i , 86 l a i C s rr 0: i.' per c e n t , .:ereis i ' ie tcirl rou;? drsburiei

: . V C I E ~ E M - hl FS. ., i ~ i C : C I ~ S i o xa . i ; i i ST._-CI ii bg 20 F E I ceni. mere

r . is corrsrps~6;r~ ~rcreess, bc:' ;r ric a=ier uf %/ST orrrrwers ifrm

'S :=,.is iO 7 I.l*6 s l Jr ,i '"er err;! a-i ihb a-cupt dissuiied f? iner

(f:m P;.IEI C~SI.E ic ti( C I C ~ E E or kg 2 7 . 6 per cent). sim?Iarlg,

:I;. a7e:a:z n,-omi i-si~rse: per bcrrnuer of p i l r r i r g se:to;~ lacreared

b; SE.d:C S i c 11.',/.1/ ;n '5.16 r r 3z.1, :14 r r '3.17, v r i l e !;I 3CiSI

mrraier r; lccrecsed by 3s.12' frir Ps.j.246 l o " ~ . 3 , 7 t : ' ~ .

Il-c t a : a m ;he ?>i;.rsai a t ai.,ances Ll cc-rersrei bsnrs i c

~'isr:ir i E C t O ? E 2nd TS 3:s %,Pi STIS. bar* rro;p-r.;s are for-iate* :i

T.a^le ' . 2

1: is stssrged frc? ?6b:e , . E t?%t 0: t: 94 p s r CeL: sf xhe

caiai arc,:&; dlsiuraei i; ;rl;rJig cerrcrs rs r:.icd tbrarg!. ptitlic

s-rzor ;sq.;r &out 96 per ceri of r c r i l iirbsr of tcrrcrers

1n -.:10rr:.. iecrcrz . Slvi23r;g, 33;-T :=I: Cf ti* t0;si rn"LIL

d?itrrsed := SCs/S?s ;r cy p i? ;c sector Danns corerin? about 92 per

zenc of ro ts1 nrrbe; oI SC/SI ;arrcw?:c. i-3ag publ2c Ilcror b m t s , the

awounr drsduriea rc a i ~ ~ r r c r i : ? sectors bi $tire B a r b of m d ~ a and

aESoO:i:e group and .ai:oral:.iad bi."k+ grcrp r s i ;n the rail" 9f a b m t

17,/3 whl l? this rat?; rea ahsn5 .iP;62 f c r drrhoreerenc tr SC/$T~',

c r q a r z t ~ r e i g apeai(:i~, . ~ ~ T I o . - ~ I : s E ~ ban" ff-:red betrsr than

%ate 6im of :nola 3rd ;sroclaies. The &mconf d l i l u r s e l b i n a t l o l l a i i ~ e d

banks t o a!: pr lor l ty a e t c r s ~roieaied :rcn xs.4,~;~ crarea i n 1986 t o

.%.4,S9E cro:es 1.- '927 a h o w ~ z g e grofii. cf 21 -er ceqr, m d 50 Scr/slls

froa Ps.iPi crorss i- ar.3e3 2rorns 1Cm9lPj a,. ;.7crei..e of 3 , per cezr.

(is apains; this, IE; a i d asssc;aie grrrii z 2 r b r : r ~ a R s . l , i ? l srorer ra