Curso de difusão do conhecimento: "Uma outra Literatura: Literatura fantástica e de fantasia dos séculos XIX e XXI"

7/23/2019 Curso de difuso do conhecimento: "Uma outra Literatura: Literatura fantstica e de fantasia dos sculos XIX e XXI"

1/113

4

Qjlpa}rlidia Arydiqdh [dqhlryd Chlf ia Eartqlyd @lhgf@dbqhidia ia Bljbldr a Hay}dr ia D}d}dtqd}d

Bq}rf ia il`qrf if bfjgableajyf-Qed fqy}d Hlya}dyq}d3 Hlya}dyq}d `djyrylbd a ia `djydrld ifr rbqhfr WLW

d WWL-

Ifbajya ]ar{fjrpah3 [}f`d* I}d* Nd}lj Pfhfmqa`Ifbajya Bfhdmf}dif}3 [}f`* Er* Dji} Hqls ]fi}loqas Efiaryf [a}al}d

Ia{d}ydeajyf ia Hay}dr Efia}jdr

D}d}dtqd}d=;4=


2/113

=

Rqe}lf

D{}arajydf 2

[}fcayf 1

Dqhd 4 F Bjfja Hlya}}lf3 Qe Bjfja ]adhlryd6 ydeme qebfj hlyf ajy}a ojlf {drrdif a d dr{l}df {}arajya( ae tqa f {}elf drfm}aplpjbld hlya}}ld fq d ljbhqrf bdjjlbd* ^***U [faedr( bfjyfr( }fedjbar a{adr jdrbae bfef qed }ar{fryd d {faedr( bfjyfr( }fedjbar a {adr djya}lf}ar( aarrd }ar{fryd ia{ajia ia dyfr ia halyq}d a ljya}{}aydf {ahfr arb}lyf}ar {frya}lf}ar(dyfr tqa rf lijylbfr r jfpdr fm}dr* 'MHFFE( 4


12/113

4=

f}loljdh( a lrrf {fia hapd} dpa}rf {f} qe iarajgf `ljf( qe {di}f iahlbdif fqbf}ar mfjlydr( fq ajyf ea}d edjl{qhdf a ahdmf}df abarrlpd ia edya}ldhdjylof( ajoajgfrd a ljrajrpah* Edr d pa}idial}d ary}did {d}d arbd{d} ia ydh aj`difjf {fia ra} ajbfjy}did jf tqa ljyajblfjdheajya lja{yf( bdjgary}f a ilr`f}ea(jae ae `dsa} yfidr dr bflrdr fmrbq}dr fq ljbarrdjyaeajya plfhajydr( jae jdelryq}d ia bf}ar {drrdjif id rqylhasd efjfyfjld( fq jd `djyrylbd bfe{hlbdf ia`f}edr dy f {fjyf id yfhlba d bdeljgf if iah}lf* Djyar ia dyljol}efr ydlr arydifr{}ablrdefr ia }abq{a}df* [}ablrdefr fhgd} f pa}ia fqy}d pas a jfr rq}{}aajia}ia jfpf 'edr rae ra}efr baodifr, bfe f dsqh( f ded}ahf( a f pa}eahgf*[}ablrdefr ajbfjy}d} f bajydq}f a f i}dof( a ydhpas ia{flr bfjyae{hd} ia }a{ajya(bfef fr djylofr {dryf}ar( fr bd}jal}fr( fr bar( fr bdpdhfr a fr hfmfr* Drglry}ldr ia `didr jfr dcqide d }adhlsd} arrd }abq{a}df* Jarra rajylif r f ofryf{f} ahdr {fia jfr yf}jd}( fq edjya}( lj`djylr* 'YFHNLAJ( =;;0( {* 01,


13/113

42

BQ]RF IA AWYAJRF % QED FQY]D HLYA]DYQ]D3 HLYA]DYQ]D @DJYRYLBD A IA

@DJYDRLD IFR RBQHFR WLW D WWL

[}f`arrf}3 Er* Dji} Hqls ]fi}loqas Efiaryf [a}al}d

DQHD =3 49&;7&4=

@lhea

F Ajbdjyf idr @didr=

Tqaryf {}ljbl{dh3 B}ajd*

Alryae didr6

{frrpah bfjydyd} fr ef}yfr6

F tqa adydeajya ed}dplhgfrf( ay}df}ilj}lf( ljb}pah6 F tqa d ]adhlidia6

F tqa iaya}eljd tqdlr dr bfjpajar tqa iaya}eljde f tqa }adh fq jf6

Eqidjdr ia plrf ia eqjif*

= Yyqhf f}loljdh3 @dl}| Ydha3 D Y}qa Ryf}| '4


14/113

49




DQHD 23 =4&;7&4=

@djyrylbf( Ed}dplhgfrf a @djydrld

D B}ajd a f Ed}dplhgfrf3 B}ajd ifr diqhyfr pr* B}ajd idr b}ldjdr* A{a}ljbld*

B}ajd Hlya}}ld a @ [fylbd*

Fr Rlojl`lbdifr ia @djydrld( raoqjif B* R* Hawlr3

Ya}ef ydjyf hlya}}lf tqdjyf {rlbfholbf3

@djydrld Hlya}}ld3 yayf tqa pa}ra rfm}a f ed}dplhgfrf( rfm}ajdyq}dh( le{frrpah*

Rajylif {rlbfholbf3 4, Qed bfjba{f ledolj}ld tqa( ia qe fq ia fqy}f efif

do}did f {dblajya a {f} arya `qjilid bfe d }adhlidia 'HA_LR( =;;2( {* ?2,

iah}lf> =, Qed do}dipah bfjba{f ljbarrdjyaeajya dhleajydid( a {d}d raq

{}{}lf {}acqsf( {ahf {dblajya( edr rae d lhqrf ia tqa racd }adh* 'HA_LR( =;;2( {*

?9, iapdjalfr( eaydr ljdhbdjpalr( }abfjgablidr bfef ydh( Bdryahfr%jf%D}%


15/113

41

Ifajylfr> 2, Raeahgdjya df raoqjif( r tqa {frrpah( }adhlspah 'arb}apa} qe hlp}f(

`dsa} qed pldoae ayb*, Bdryahfr%jf%D}%Jf}edlr*

Bdryahfr%ia%D}%Jf}edlr3Aofryd aIarljya}arrdif*

Aofryd3 f rfjgdif} f ga}l( f bajy}f ia yqif>

Iarljya}arrdif3 jf f ga}l( djyar qe ar{abydif}( d dyajf jf `ldid ae

rl {}{}lf 'qe eqjif ledolj}lf( {f} aae{hf,* Tqdjif ahdmf}difr {fiae pl} d

ra yf}jd}`lbf> `blh y}djrlf ifr Bdryahfr%jf%D}%Jf}edlr Iarljya}arrdifr ae

ljpajf hlya}}ld*

Bdryahfr%jf%D} a halyq}d3

liajyl`lbdf3 {fia ra} qe efif ia rdylr`dsa} fr Bdryahfr%jf%D} Aofrydr dy}dpr id

hlya}dyq}d( {f} aae{hf( bfef dr tqa iarb}apae bd}}al}dr ia rqbarrf( glry}ldr ia

def} 'raf,( dhyd rfblaidia( ayb* Halyf}ar iarra yl{f( oa}dheajya( jf d{}ablde

@djydrldr Hlya}}ldr( aloae ba}yf }adhlref( fq d halyq}d jf ya}ld rajylif3

ledoljae qe bfjyf a}ylbf rfm}a qjlb}jlfr*

^U Qed glry}ld tqa ljbhqd f ed}dplhgfrf( f `djyrylbf( aryle{hlblydeajya d ilsa}%hgar3 /Rfq rle{hareajya qed fm}d ia d}ya* Yajr iaajbd}d}%ea bfef ydh* Yajr ia ea d{}abld} {ahdr eljgdr rqoaryar( d eljgd

mahasd( d eljgd l}fjld( d eljgd bfjba{f( a drrle ia raoqlid* Jf gtqdhtqa} {frrlmlhlidia ia lrrf ya dbfjyaba} jd plid }adh*/ 'HA_LR( =;;2( {*7;,

]adhlref a jdyq}asd gqedjd3 dhoqedr glry}ldr }adhlrydr 'ar{abldheajya dr if

{a}fif bgdedif ]adhlref, rf d{}arajydidr bfef aryqifr id jdyq}asd gqedjd*

Ae tqa eailid lrrf {fia ra} yfedif bfef pa}idia6 Ae tqa eailid jf g d

{}arajd rqmcaylpd if dqyf} 'bfef `fl ra jfyd} jf rbqhf WW,6 [f} tqa d jdyq}asd

gqedjd jf aryd}ld {}arajya ae glry}ldr ed}dplhgfrdr( bfef fr bfjyfr ia `didr(

{f} aae{hf6

Ljy}fiqf Hlya}dyq}d @djyrylbd( Yspaydj Yfif}fp3

Oja}f Hlya}}lf3 `f}ed ia do}q{d} qe bfjcqjyf ia fm}dr bfe bd}dbya}rylbdr bfeqjr*

]abfjgableajyf ia qe oja}f f }abfjgableajyf id }ahdf ia qed fm}d hlya}}ld bfe

dr iaedlr fm}dr hlya}}ldr*

[}f{frydr ia Jf}yg}f{ @}|a( ae Djdyfeld id B}ylbd( rf d ia b}ylbd ledjajya(


16/113

40

ljya}{}aydylpd( jf pdhf}dylpd> f yayf rae{}a dqyf}}a`a}ajbldh( d hlya}dyq}d r {fia ra}

bfjry}qid d {d}yl} id hlya}dyq}d* Oja}fr ia @}|a3

Jdr `lbar hlya}}ldr f aj}aif bfjrlrya ae dhoqe `dsa} dhoqed bflrd* F dhoqe( ra

ljilpiqf( f ga}l( a d dhoqed bflrd tqa aha `ds fq iald ia `dsa} f tqa aha {fia `dsa}

fq {fild ya} `alyf( jf {hdjf ifr {}arrq{fryfr arydmahablifr( {d}d aha( {ahf dqyf}( a idr

bfjratajyar a{abydylpdr id dqiljbld* Dr `lbar( {f}ydjyf( {fiae ra} bhdrrl`lbdidr(

jf ef}dheajya( edr {ahd `f}d if ga}l( tqa {fia ra} edlf} if tqa d jfrrd( eajf} fq

edlr fq eajfr d eared* '@]\A( 4


17/113

4?

F bfjbalyf ia `djyrylbf ia Yfif}fp ra ia`lja {ahd iplid( ljba}yasd( ildjya ia qe

iaya}eljdif dbfjyableajyf3 Aha {fia ra} aw{hlbdif {ahdr halr jdyq}dlr fq qe apajyf

rfm}ajdyq}dh6

F @djyrylbf [q}f {fia ra} }a{}arajydif {ahd hljgd if ealf*

Ary}djgf

[q}f

@djyrylbf%Ary}djgf @djyrylbf%Ed}dplhgfrf Ed}dplhgfrf

[q}f

[d}d dhe id rdylr`df( id bq}lfrlidia( ia yfidr dr aefar tqa jfr if dr jd}}dylpdr( fr

bfjyfr a dr hajidr( {d}d dhe id jabarrlidia ia ilry}dl}( ia artqaba}( ia mqrbd} rajrdar

do}dipalr fq ya}}l`lbdjyar( d `ljdhlidia }adh id pldoae ed}dplhgfrd ( c arydefr ae bfjilar ia

bfe{}aaji%hf( d aw{hf}df edlr yfydh id }adhlidia qjlpa}rdh* 'EDMLHHA d{qi YFIF]FP(

=;;?( {* 02,


18/113

47




DQHD 93 =7&;7&4=

Fbf}}jbld if ed}dplhgfrf dy}dpr if yae{f

YAWYF 43 Mmhld3 bfj`}fjyf ajy}a Idpl a Ofhldr* Pdhf} idif df yayf fq bfef aha hlif3 yawyf rdo}dif( }ahdyf glry}lbf> pa}idia* Df3 bfemdya ajy}a iflr gfeajr d{ajdr ae pas id oqa}}d* Ofhldr( raoqljif d yl{fhfold ia @}|a3 ga}l rq{a}lf} ae o}dq df ealf a dfr fqy}fr

gfeajr( bfjyqif( dljid liajyl`lbdif bfef gqedjf 'yl{f =,* Rqd iarb}lf f d{}arajyd

bfe y}dfr ia ed}dplhgfrf3

9 Ajyf rdlq if d}}dldh ifr `lhlryaqr qe gfeae oqa}}al}f( bqcf jfea a}d Ofhldr iaOdya( tqa yljgd ia dhyq}d ralr bpdifr a qe {dhef* ^ba}bd ia =(07U 1 Y}dsld jd bdmadqe bd{dbaya ia m}fjsa( a paryld qed bfq}dd ia arbdedr> a a}d f {arf id bfq}dd iabljbf elh rlbhfr ia m}fjsa* 0 A y}dsld o}apdr ia m}fjsa {f} bled ia raqr {r( a qearbqif ia m}fjsa ajy}a fr raqr fem}fr* ? A d gdrya id rqd hdjd a}d bfef f }of ifyabahf( a f `a}}f id rqd hdjd ia ralrbajyfr rlbhfr ia `a}}f( a ildjya iaha ld f arbqial}f*'MMHLD,

Lhqry}df =3 Ydma}jd ia Dqa}mdbg ae Hal{slo '=;44,


19/113

4 jdr tqdlr bfjbf}ifq%ra tqa eaqr ar`f}friapa}lde ra} il}lolifr d {arrfdr a bd}dbya}rylbdr rfm}ajdyq}dlr( fq( {ahf eajfr( }fejylbdr>dljid drrle( bfef y}djr`a}l} ia jfrrd jdyq}asd ljya}lf} qe ljya}arra gqedjf a qed d{d}jbld iapa}idia rq`lblajya {d}d fmya} {f} qe efeajyf( iarrdr rfem}dr id ledoljdf dtqahd rqr{ajrfpfhqjy}ld id ljb}aiqhlidia( tqa bfjrylyql d ` {fylbd* _f}irf}yg( {f} fqy}f hdif( {}f{r d rlbfef raq fmcayf( id} f ajbdjydeajyf id jfplidia d bflrdr if bfylildjf( a d awblyd} rajyleajyfrdjhfofr dfr rfm}ajdyq}dlr( dy}dpr if iar{a}yd} d dyajf id eajya id hayd}old if bfryqea( ail}loljif%d o}dblfrlidia a r ed}dplhgdr if eqjif jfrrd `}ajya> qe yarfq}f ljawdq}pah( edr

{d}d f tqdh( ae bfjratqjbld if pq id `delhld}lidia a {}afbq{dar aofrydr( jr yaefr fhgfr(

edr jf paefr( fqplifr tqa jf fqpae( a bf}dar tqa jae rajyae jae ajyajiae* 'BFHA]LIOA Y}diqf eljgd,

jdyq}asd ljya}lf} 5 rqmcaylplidia> d{d}jbld ia pa}idia rq`lblajya 5 bfa}jbld ljya}jd( pa}frrlelhgdjd> rqr{ajrf pfhqjy}ld id ljb}aiqhlidia 'wlhhljo rqr{ajrlfj f` ilrmahla`, a ` {fylbd

'{faylb `dlyg,* f ajbdjydeajyf id jfplidia d bflrdr if bfylildjf '{farld id jdyq}asd,> [faedr( [farld3 iapae bfeqjlbd} {}dsa} a pa}idia* Il`a}ajbld%ra id Bljbld {f}

bfhfbd} f{}dsa}ae {}leal}f hqod}*


22/113

==

Iapa ae raq yfif bfjya} qed qjlidia ia }ahdf gd}efjlfrd ajy}a dr {d}yar* [farld if edlr dhyf jpah {fia alryl} rae f eay}f* @djydrld a Ledoljdf* [fayd rae{}a rqmf}iljdif Jdyq}asd*

F {fayd( iarb}lyf ae liadh {a}`alf( y}ds d dhed bfe{hayd if gfeae {d}d d dylplidia( bfe drqmf}iljdf ia rqdr `dbqhidiar( qed d fqy}d( ia dbf}if bfe raqr pdhf}ar a ilojlidiar }ahdylpfr*Aha yf}jd il`qrf qe yfe a qe ar{}lyf ia qjlidia( tqa elryq}d( a 'ydh bfef , `qjia( qe jf fqy}f({f} dtqaha {fia} eolbf ia rjyara( f tqdh aq id}ld f jfea d{}f{}ldif a awbhqrlpf ia Ledoljdf'BFHA]LIOA,

@ljdheajya( Mfe Rajrf f Bf}{f if ojlf {fylbf( @djydrld rqd Paryleajyd( Efpleajyf rqd Plid(a Ledoljdf( d Dhed tqa f yfif a d {d}ya> a aj`f}ed yqif ae qe o}dblfrf a ljyahloajya yfif*'BFHA]LIOA,


23/113

=2




DQHD 13 ;9&;


24/113

=9

hlelydif d qe demlajya,( qjlidia ia yae{f( a jea}f }ary}lyf ia {a}rfjdoajrAwr*3 fr b* ia Dr Elh a qed Jflyar

fr b* ia Edbgdif ia Drrlr

b* id bd}fbgljgd4 bfjyf {f{qhd} bd}dbya}lsdif {ahf ahaeajyf rfm}ajdyq}dh fq djyrylbf( ae tqa ljya}pera}ar dmqhfrfr( djledlr djy}f{fe}`lbfr ayb*> glry}ld id bd}fbgljgd= Ia}lpdf3 {f} ayajrf ia rajylif*bfjyf {d}d b}ldjdr tqa pa}rd rfm}a ydlr drrqjyfr> bfjyf ia `didr2 Ia}lpdf3 rajylif loq}dif*`}qyf id ledoljdf> eajyl}d( ljpajf

b* ia `didr4 ]qm}lbd3 hlya}dyq}d*bfjyf lj`djylh tqa jd}}d ajbdjydeajyfr a `dyfr ed}dplhgfrfr bfe d ljya}pajf ia `didr 'mfdr

fq er,= Ia}lpdf3 {f} djdhfold*dbfjyableajyf eqlyf dpf}pah( awy}df}ilj}lf

Ae Rfm}a glry}ldr ia `didr( C* ]* ]* Yfhnlaj( bfjyf ia `didr ia`ljlif bfef3 'd, qe

bfjyf rfm}a `didr fq ae oa}dh qed hajid ia `didr( bfe iarifm}deajyfr ia rajylif( 'm, qed

glry}ld l}}adh fq ljb}pah( a 'b, qed `dhrlidia 'YFHNLAJ( =;;0( {*4;,

Dji} Cfhhar ae@f}edr Rle{har( d{fjyd f rajylif }ary}lyf a df earef yae{f pd}ldif tqa ra

{fia ajyajia} d {dhdp}d Bfjyf 'E}bgaj,* ]arrdhyd d hlodf( fq djyar f ajy}ahddeajyf( idr

`f}edr if bfjyf {f{qhd} a if bfjyf d}yrylbf( edr yfed bfef ia`ljlf mdra d liald ia tqa

^***U Bfjyf qed jd}}dylpd id eared ar{bla idr tqa fr l}efr O}lee }aqjl}de ae raqr

Nljia}% qji Gdqre}bgaj* 'CFHHAR( 4


25/113

=1

Jdr {dhdp}dr ia C* ]* ]* Yfhnlaj( rf glry}ldr tqa fbf}}ae ae @d}la( jf ]aljf

[a}lofrf fq Mahf ]aljf*

ÂqU Ilrra tqa f rajylif ia glry}ldr rfm}a `didr a}d iaedrldif }ary}lyf* }ary}lyf iaedlr earef tqa }acalyaefr f ydedjgf ileljqyf( {f}tqa jf qrf bf}}ajyaif ya}ef dr glry}ldr ia `didr jf rf glry}ldr rfm}a `didr fq ah`fr( edr rle rfm}af Mahf ]aljf( @d}la( f }aljf fq arydif jf tqdh dr `didr alryae* F Mahf ]aljfbfjye eqlydr bflrdr dhe ia ah`fr( `didr( djar( m}qdr( y}fhhr( olodjyar fqi}doar* Bfjye fbadjfr( f Rfh( d Hqd( f `l}edeajyf a d ya}}d( a yfidr dr bflrdrtqa g jahd3 }pf}a a {rrd}f( oqd a {ai}d( pljgf a {f( a jr( fr gfeajr ef}ydlr(tqdjif arydefr ajbdjydifr* 'YFHNLAJ( =;;0m( {* 41,

Ajbdjydeajyf {}{}lf iarrdr glry}ldr ydh bfef fr elyfr* [farld id Jdyq}asd* Rdylr`ds fiaracf gqedjf ia a{hf}d} dr {}f`qjiasdr if yae{f a ar{df a ia edjya} bfeqjgf

bfe yfifr fr ra}ar plpfr*Jf qed `f}ed bfjbamlid ar{abldheajya {d}d b}ldjdr*

Glry}ldr bfe bfa}jbld ljya}jd( ed}dplhgfrf {q}f( jf a{hlbdif {f} d}yl`blfr bfef

rfjgfr( iah}lfr ayb* Qed jlbd ileajrf*

F}loae idr glry}ldr( raoqjif Yfhnlaj( yf djylod tqdjyf d {}{}ld hjoqd* Aha {f}e

}abfjgaba fr {}fbarrfr ia il`qrf 'ae{}rylef jf ar{df, a ga}djd 'ae{}rylef jf

yae{f,* Tqaryf idr pa}rar ia qe earef bfjyf3 liald phlid {d}d `fhbhf}lrydr a djy}f{hfofr(

edr jf {d}d d hlya}dyq}d* Dr f}loajr idr glry}ldr ia `didr rf dhof tqa Yfhnlaj

bfjrlia}d eqlyf il`blh ia iaya}eljd} a tqa {}fpdpaheajya ary hlodif {}{}ld f}loae

id hljoqdoae gqedjd* F aryqif ia efylpfr lrfhdifr a }abf}}ajyar( if efif bfeqeajya

àlyf {ahfr `fhbhf}lrydr( jf ( ia `dyf( rq`lblajya {d}d iaya}eljd} d f}loae ia qe

iaya}eljdif bfjyf* Dhe ilrrf( Yfhnlaj bfjrlia}d tqa bdid `f}ed ia y}dydeajyf idid d

qe iaya}eljdif yaed( jf b}ld( jd pa}idia( ilà}ajyar pa}rar ia qed eared glry}ld*[d}d f {}fàrrf}( arra yl{f ia d`l}edf jf pa}idial}f ae ya}efr ia hlya}dyq}d( {flr

awdydeajya f y}dydeajyf ilà}ajbldif if yaed tqa od}djya f bfhf}lif( d dyefrà}d a

fr ljbhdrrl`lbpalr iaydhgar ljilpliqdlr ia bdid jd}}dylpd*

F}loae3 ljpajf( Ledoljdf( {fyajbldhlidiar id hljoqdoae3

Edr tqf {fia}frd( tqf aryleqhdjya {d}d d {}{}ld `dbqhidia tqa d {}fiqslq( `fl dljpajf if dicaylpf3 jajgqe àlylf fq eolbd if Mahf ]aljf edlr {fyajya* A

lrrf jf ia rq}{}aajia}3 ydlr ajbdjydeajyfr ia `dyf {fiae ra} plryfr d{ajdr


26/113

=0

bfef qed fqy}d plrf ifr dicaylpfr( qed {d}ya if ilrbq}rf jqed o}deylbd eylbd*D eajya tqa ledoljfq hapa( {ardif( bljsajyf( ded}ahf( lepah( pahfs ydemebfjbamaq d edold tqa yf}jd}ld dr bflrdr {ardidr hapar a bd{dsar ia pfd}(y}djr`f}ed}ld f bgqemf bljsajyf ae fq}f ded}ahf a d }fbgd lepah ae oqd pahfs*Ra a}d bd{ds ia `dsa} qed bflrd( {fild `dsa} d fqy}d( a ljaplydpaheajya `as demdr*'YFHNLAJ( =;;0( {*=7,

D hljoqdoae f }a{frly}lf id ledoljdf* Dy}dpr iahd ra {fia b}ld} fqy}fr eqjifr fq

y}djr`f}ed} fr fmcayfr if eqjif }adh a dy earef a{djil} d bd{dblidia ia ledoljd} a

bfjbama} d }adhlidia tqa jfr ba}bd*

F ed}dplhgfrf {d}d Cfhhar a Yfhnlaj yae d eared f}loae3 fr bfjyfr ia `didr jf

bf{lde f eqjif( edr efry}de qe eqjif bfef iapa}ld ra}* Id iaracdmlhlidia( if

rajrf ia cqryld jdyq}dh( qed ylbd if dbfjyableajyf( qed ef}dh ljojqd* Yqifdbfjyaba jfr bfjyf ia `didr ia dbf}if bfe f tqa tqa}defr tqa dbfjyabarra jf eqjif

}adh* f ljpa}rf if y}olbf a id y}doild*

Dhoqjr dr{abyfr `f}edlr a aryylbfr3

Hljoqdoae rle{har a dma}yd( {fqbf iarb}lylpd '{fqbfr dicaylpfr,*

Qed jlbd ileajrf*

Df ifeljdjya> f bd}ya} idr {a}rfjdoajr rf }abfjgablifr {f} rqdr dar '{fqbd fqdqrjbld ia {}f`qjilidia {rlbfholbd,*

Ilr{frlf eajydh3 ef}dh ljojqd( efry}d f eqjif bfef iapa}ld ra}* ^***U jaryd `f}ed(

f ed}dplhgfrf jf ed}dplhgfrf( edr jdyq}dh* 'CFHHAR( 4


27/113

=?

@djydrld `f}ed ia d}ya 'y}dmdhgf, ar{abldheajya hlodid hlya}dyq}d arb}lyd( abhql%ra f

yady}f*

F Ajbdjydeajyf {}fiqs qe Eqjif Rabqji}lf jf tqdh {fiae ajy}d} ydjyf f{hdjacdif} tqdjyf f ar{abydif}( {d}d d rdylr`df ia raqr rajylifr tqdjif aryfiajy}f> edr ae arydif {q}f aha d}yrylbf {f} iaracf a {}f{rlyf* 'YFHNLAJ(=;;0m( {* 0;,

@djydrld3 {}fbarrf }dblfjdh a }a halpf ia yf}jd} bfa}ajyar a bfjpljbajyar fmcayfr

{}fiqslifr {ahd ledoljdf fq c {}arajyar jf Eqjif [}le}lf ia efif d b}ld} qe

Eqjif Rabqji}lf gd}efjlfrf( b}pah a rlojl`lbdylpf* Tqdjif mae }adhlsdid {}fiqs f

a`alyf aryylbf ia Ajbdjydeajyf*

@qjar idr glry}ldr ia `didr raoqjif C* ]* ]* Yfhnlaj3

]abq{a}df( Arbd{a a Bfjrfhf3

]abq{a}df3 }ayf}jf r djylodr `f}edr( djyar if djralf {f} ljfpdf d yfif bqryf>

Arbd{a3 arbd{a efeajyjaf id plid efia}jd arbd{a if {}lrlfjal}f( jf `qod if

iara}yf}* Arbd{a if `}lf( id `fea( id oqa}}d( id ef}ya( id {}{}ld {fbd*

]abfjgableajyf id il`lbqhidia 'fq id `dhyd ia jabarrlidia, ia b}ld} f jfpf ae raq

{}{}lf bfjyayf*

Bfjrfhf3 f `ljdh `ahls( f ed}dplhgfrf( d iaracdmlhlidia( d ef}dh ljojqd* Ba}yd plrf

id d}ya bfef qe }aeilf {d}d d plid efia}jd*

Dr y}r `qjar aryf hlodidr df bfjyayf leaildyf ia {}fiqf d}yrylbd a ia plid id

{fbd ae tqa f ajrdlf `fl f}loljdheajya bfjbamlif( {f} pfhyd ia 4


28/113

=7

ia jfpf 'edr rae ra}efr baodifr, bfe f dsqh( f ded}ahf( a f pa}eahgf*[}ablrdefr ajbfjy}d} f bajydq}f a f i}dof( a ydhpas ia{flr bfjyae{hd} ia }a{ajya(bfef fr djylofr {dryf}ar( fr bd}jal}fr( fr bar( fr bdpdhfr a fr hfmfr* Dr glry}ldria `didr jfr dcqide d }adhlsd} arrd }abq{a}df* Jarra rajylif r f ofryf {f} ahdr{fia jfr yf}jd}( fq edjya}( lj`djylr* 'YFHNLAJ( =;;0m( {* 01,

Drrle( ajyajia%ra ]abq{a}df( Arbd{a a Bfjrfhf( bfef d jabarrlidia ia ra pfhyd} d

`f}edr djylodr d [farld Jdyq}dh ifr bfjyfr ia `didr {d}d mqrbd} dhoqed }ajfpdf

jf `dsa} d}yrylbf id {fbd a( {f}tqa jf( dyqdh*

D @djydrld b}ldylpd aryd `qjideajydid jf `l}ea }abfjgableajyf ia tqa dr bflrdr rf drrle jf

eqjif bfef arya {d}aba rfm f Rfh( jf }abfjgableajyf if `dyf( edr jf jd arb}dplif {a}djya

aha* C* ]* ]* Yfhnlaj


29/113

= ae{}aod edlf} {}f`qrf ia iaydhgar 'aef{frlf df abfjelbf arylhf if bfjyf {f{qhd}( tqa ra hlelyd df ary}lydeajyajabarr}lf,( d{}arajyd pa}rdylhlidia jd bfe{frlf ia rqd ary}qyq}d> a a{hf}d qehatqa edlf} ia {frrlmlhlidiar ia rlojl`lbdf* 'PFHFMQA@( 4Ylabn( Jfpdhlr*

Gfbg}fedjyln3 jdblfjdhlryd D}jle( M}ajydjf( O}lee*

R{y}fedjyln3 rjyara Ylabn( Jfpdhlr( M}ajydjf( A* Y* D* Gf`èdjj

Mlaia}eala}

Ofaygasaly fq {fbd ia Ofayga2 {a}fif hfjof tqa ajohfmd p}lfr efpleajyfr

d}yrylbfr a ljyahabyqdlr iajy}f id Dhaedjgd( bfef( {f} aae{hf( f Bhdrrlblref Dhaef

a f ]fedjylref* Bfjyae{hd( jd }ad id `lhfrf`ld( d {fbd ia Ndjy( Gaoah( Rbgf{ajgdqa}

ajy}a fqy}fr*Dq`n}qjo Lhqeljlref fq Arbhd}ableajyf* Tqarylfjdeajyf id dqyf}lidia

id Lo}acd Bdyhlbd 'Jawyfj( Na{ha}( ajyajileajyf id }mlyd ifr {hdjaydr,* O}djia

}apfhqf bqhyq}dh( blajy`lbd a {fhylbd3

Gf`èdjj dy}dparrfq qe {a}fif tqa `fl ed}bdif( jf emlyf {fhylbf%rfbldh( {ahd]apfhqf @}djbard( {ahf ya}}f} cdbfmljf( {ahd drbajrf( a{djrf a ia}}fyd jd{fhajlbdr qe

{a}fif ia oqa}}d a o}djia plfhjbld a( {f} `le( d ]arydq}df ifr pahgfr arydifr jdblfjdlr jdDhaedjgd( tqdjif f }ay}fbarrf jfr dpdjfr rfbldlr dbajyqfq dr ilà}ajdr ajy}a mq}oqarld ajfm}asd dhof yaedylsdif ae F [atqajf Sdbd}ldr* Jf emlyf idr bljbldr( f tqa a}d blajy`lbf raelryq}dpd rq{a}rylf ia ydh efif tqa dhoqjr {drrfr idifr jf rajylif if tqa pl}lde d ra} d[rlbfhfold( [aidofold a [rltqldy}ld4 efia}jdr( a}de dbfe{djgdifr {ahf }ayf}jf if ljya}arra jdifqy}ljd id Erlbd idr Arà}dr( {ahf rq}oleajyf ia qed Ifqy}ljd ifr Rfjgfr( {ahd b}ajd jf

2 Cfgdjj _fhòdjo pfj Ofayga plpaq ajy}a 4?9< a 472=*


36/113

20

edojaylref djledh 'earea}lref, a d iarbfma}yd id ahay}lblidia dljid elrya}lfrd*

Gf` edjj a}d qe dqyf} mdrydjya ljya}arrdif ae ilpa}rdr }adr if bfjgableajyf

gqedjf( ljbhqljif dtqahdr dljid jf mae iahlelydidr ae rqd {fbd( bfef d dhtqleld ad tqelbd( dhe ifr {frrpalr dpdjfr yabjfholbfr( c yaedylsdjif ae rqdr fm}dr fr

dqyedyfr( {f} aae{hf*

Mdrydjya bfjgablif {f} raqr bfjyfr `djyrylbfr( bfjyqif( arb}apaq fm}dr mae ilrydjyar

iarra oja}f bfef F {atqajf Sdbd}ldr bgdedif Bljm}lf a Bfjrlia}dar rfm}a d

plid if odyf Eq}}* Iailbfq%ra d p}ldr d}yar dhe id hlya}dyq}d( bfef d erlbd a f

iarajgf*

le{f}ydjya jfyd} tqa f ]fedjylref jf qed {fbd djyl}}dblfjdhlryd( edr rle qed{fbd ae tqa iaya}eljdifr liadlr a {}fbaileajyfr a lialdr blajy lbfr rf`}lde

eqidjdr yf o}djiar tqa bgaodpde d ra} tqarylfjdifr( bfhfbdifr ae {a}r{abylpdr

ljbhqrlpa d glry}lbd( d liald ia tqa d d}ya iapa}ld dbfe{djgd} d rlyqdf if raq yae{f(

bfjy}}ld df Bhdrrlblref @}djbr* Id d le{f}yjbld id rqmcaylplidia a if ojlf jd

{fbd*

F {atqajf Sdbd}ldr bgdedif Bljm}lf '474 {}leal}f a

hylef bd{yqhf ra}pae bfef efhiq}d jd}}dylpd( f {}leal}f bfjyd rfm}a fajbdjydeajyf ia Sdbd}ldr a d ljrydq}df if Lhqeljlref a f hylef `abgd bfe f

`ljdh `ahls d{r d ef}ya ia Sdbd}ldr*

Qe ifr yaedr bajy}dlr3 d {a}ba{f ia eqjif* Bfjy}d{frlf ajy}a f eqjif bfef

aha a f eqjif bfef ra bfjpajblfjd pa}'le{frlf if Lhqeljlref,3


37/113

2?

plrf if {fayd 'Mdhygdrd}, W plrf if blajylryd 'Efrbg Ya}{lj(ae{l}lryd( a [yfhfeqr

[glhdiah{gqr( }a`haar dmry}dydr( ar{abqhdar,* Dr iqdr plrar r ra bfjy}d{a jd

eailid ae tqa d if blajylryd yajyd hlelyd} a bhdrrl`lbd} f eqjif( df {drrf tqa d if {fayd

ary dma}yd {d}d tqdhtqa} ed}dplhgd tqa {frrd m}fyd} if eqjif* Demdr( bfjyqif(

bfjyae{hde f earef fmcayf3 d Jdyq}asd*

Bdhed % }ay}qbfq Mdhygdrd} %( bdhed( delof }aà}aji}lf( jf bfe fqy}ftqa arya ildmf dyljoa raqr `ljr( g dhoqed fqy}d bflrd {f} y}r ilrrf yqif$ pa}idia tqa f {}jbl{a [d{gjqylqr ljy}fiqslq f Lhqeljlref( {d}d o}djia {}fpalyfia raq {fpf a raqr iarbajiajyar( edr eqlydr bflrdr ed}dplhgfrdr aljbfe{}aajrpalr rqmrlryl}de* Aq db}ailyf tqa dhoqjr plryfrfr {}fiolfr `f}deedjylifr {d}d qrf iferylbf* [f} aae{hf( ia }ahar raeajyljgdr bfjyljqdejdrbajif dr }pf}ar edlr dhydr a `f}elipalr( drrle bfef fr edlr pd}ldifr `}qyfr ayl{fr ia ba}adlr bfe fr tqdlr ajbgaefr d md}}lod* A ljbhqrlpa dljid ra {a}elya redylsdidr `hf}ar a dfr ljrayfr qrd}ae ae rqdr {ydhdr a drdr dr bf}ar edlr}ar{hdjiabajyar( dy earef fr edlr iarhqem}djyar bd}dbya}ar( ifr tqdlr jajgqera} gqedjf rdma ra rf {ljyq}dr d haf( oqdbga fq dtqd}ahd( a jajgqe ildmf iaarb}lpf bfjraoqa ha} d od}mfrd arb}lyd bq}rlpd a( eajfr dljid( bf{l%hd* Rle( rle(}aà}aji}lf( aq hga ilof( {f} pasar rq}oae ae eaq jylef lialdr ay}dpdodjyar$[fjgf f bdbglemf ia hdif a ifq hfjodr {drrdidr {d}d bled a {d}d mdlf ae eaqtqd}yf a qed ary}djgd pfs rqrrq}}d tqa aq earef rfq qe elhdo}a( tqa f àlylbal}fElb}fbfref doa ae ele a ea le{aha d yfif yl{f ia iardyljfr$ A ajyf(}aà}aji}lf( aq rdlf a fhgf {d}d f edof id jdyq}asd a ajyajif yqif f tqa dr`hf}ar( dr oqdr ea ilsae( a qed àhlblidia baharyldh ea ajpfhpa$ 'GF@@EDJJ(=;;


38/113

27

hljoqdoae {fylbd W hljoqdoae ilrbq}rlpd3 d {}leal}d ra hlod df elyf a bfjà}a qe

rajylif edlr {}f`qjif a mahf df eqjif( yajia ra} edlr rqmcaylpd( apfbd le{}arrar a

rajyleajyfr> d raoqjid d hljoqdoae fmcaylpd qrdid jd bljbld a jfr d`dsa}ar

bfylildjfr( yajia d ra} edlr hlelydid( mqrbdjif rqd de{hldf dy}dpr id hljoqdoae

{fylbd dy tqa dr eay`f}dr a eayfjeldr( {ahf qrf a {ahf bfryqea( ialae ia drrle

ra}* Tqaryf if {faed rfm}a f ]fqwljfh a d ]frd [}{q}d( bfjrlia}dif {f} [}fr{a}

Dh{djqr bfef qe ajrdlf glry}lbf*

Bfjyf ia `didr d}yrylbf tqa edjye f eqjif ae rqd edjal}d qjlileajrlfjdh* Dr `didr

a fr edofr rf edlr jdyq}dlr tqa d bljbld {}fiqslid {ahf gfeae* D ilplrf ajy}a f

eolbf a f bfeqe bfhfbdid {frya}lf} a d}mly}d}ldeajya dy}dpr id ljrydq}df if

Lhqeljlref( edr f eqjif ae rl f eqjif eolbf* Efjry}ajof&_abgrahmdho3 d {dhdp}d qrdid jf rqmyyqhf if {}leal}f bd{yqhf ( jf

f}loljdh( _abgrahmdho( tqa rlojl`lbd( jf bdrf( qed b}ldjd ia`f}edid( edr tqa edjye

dhoqed }ahdf bfe dhoqe ra} eolbf( jf bdrf qed `did* F ya}ef ra }aà}a

Sdbd}ldr&Bljm}lf( tqa ( ia `dyf( qe ra} ajbdjydif tqa {ajay}d a yae rqbarrf jqed

rfblaidia }dblfjdhlsdid* D }ahdf ajy}a b}ldjd a ra} eolbf qe yaed eqlyf bfeqe

jfr bfjyfr ia `didr a {fia ra} maj`lbd fq jf*

Bfj`}fjyf ia [}fr{a} Dh{djqr a @did ]frdmahpa}ia 'Bd{* 0 {* 4;0 44=,3 apajyfr

edlr ed}dplhgfrfr if bfjyf*

D{}arajydf if ed}dplhgfrf bfef }adh( {f}e bfhfbdif ae qed {a}r{abylpd b}ldylpd(

dqyf}dh( `lbblfjdh* Jfya%ra( bfjyqif( ydeme qed ba}yd l}fjld jdr r{hlbdr if dqyf}( tqa

arb}apa bfef tqa {d}d qe halyf} }dsfpah if Lhqeljlref( edr f bfjplid d qed plrf

edlr de{hd idr {frrlmlhlidiar id ledoljdf gqedjd a ifr elry}lfr if eqjif3

HYLEF BD[YQHF

Y}lryar r{hlbdr if dqyf} Bfef f {}fàrrf} Efrbg Ya}{lj ra dbdhefq a Bjilid jqjbd {fia}ld

`lbd} dodrydid Bfef qe arbd}dpahgf ifq}dif sqemlq dhof jf fqplif ia [}fr{a} Dh{djqr( arya ra

iar{ailq a Mdhygdrd} `fl àhls jf bdrdeajyf*

Bgaofq f efeajyf ia iar{ailid idtqaha tqa arb}apaq arydr {oljdr {d}d pfb( tqa}lif

halyf}( a( jarya ljrydjya( aha dbfrrdif {ahd y}lryasd a ljtqlaydf*** Dljid eqlyf( eqlyf edlr aha


39/113

2

Phrqjod Rdod3 d Rdod ifr Pfhrqjofr Lrhjild( rab* WLLL>

Idr Jlmahqjoajhlai 'D bdjf ifr Jlmahqjofr, ya}}ly}lf oa}ejlbf( pa}rf edlrdjylod ydeme if rab* WLLL*

Arrar yayfr bfjrylyqae dr {}ljbl{dlr `fjyar id elyfhfold j}ilbd* Ra}pl}de a ra}pae ia

ljr{l}df {d}d ilpa}rfr d}ylrydr( jd hlya}dyq}d( jd erlbd a ae fqy}dr d}yar( bfef( {f}

aae{hf( dr {a}dr ia ]lbgd}i _doja} 'yay}dhfoldIa} ]ljo iar Jlmahqjoaj,( fr jfear a

dr `loq}dr ifr djar jd fm}d C* ]* ]* Yfhnlaj> a bfef ljr{l}df d ljea}dr mdjidr ia

gadp| eaydh a rlelhd}ar***( {f} aae{hf( Odjidh` qe jfea yl}dif idAiid{fylbd*

Oja}f Rdod3 }ahdyf ifr `alyfr ia qed `dehld( {d}ya glry}lbf( {d}ya bfe ahaeajyfr


41/113

94

ed}dplhgfrfr* F tqa ia`lja d rdod( raoqjif Dji} Cfhhar( f pjbqhf rdjoqjaf ajy}a dr

{a}rfjdoajr( jf bdrf Rloeqji Rloq}i*

Dji}a Hdjo '4799 4


42/113

9=

F aj}aif( bfjyqif mdrydjya bfe{haf( {frrqljif p}lfr jbhafr ia df '{hfyr,* F tqa

qja fr p}lfr{hfyr 4, d hljgdoae a =, f ga}l( Rloq}i3

4 Qe pahgf }al if jf}ya 'Rloeqji, ra bdrd {d}d ya} qe ga}ial}f* Qe {}jbl{a edlr cfpae

tqa tqa}ld ya} ra bdrdif bfe d }dljgd( iabhd}d oqa}}d bfjy}d f pahgf }al( tqa ef}}a ae

mdydhgd( edr {aia {d}d tqa fr `}doeajyfr ia rqd ar{did racde bfjra}pdifr {d}d tqa qed

jfpd ar{did 'O}de, racd àlyd {d}d f `lhgf tqa d }dljgd bd}}aod jf pajy}a( {d}d tqa arra

`lhgf {frrd ra pljod} if {}jbl{a*

= D }dljgd a rqd b}ldid y}fbde ia }fq{dr {d}d tqa jf racde }abfjgablidr( ajy}de jqed

`hf}aryd a rf hapdidr {d}d d Iljded}bd( fjia rf bfj`qjilidr ajy}a rl* D }dljgd

}abfjgablid bfef {}ljbard a y}dydid bfef ydh* H ahd i d Hqs d Rloq}i( tqa b}ldif {f}

qe yqyf}* Rloq}i arbfhga qe bdpdhf 'bfe qe bfjrahgf ia qe pahgf ia md}md m}djbd id

`hf}aryd {}fpdpaheajya f {}{}lf File,( f tqa bfjraoqa jdid} dy}dpr if }lf( O}djl( id

hljgdoae ia Rhal{jl} f bdpdhf ia File }{lif bfef f pajyf*

2 F yqyf} ia Rloq}i( ]aolj( `dhd if yarfq}f oqd}idif {f} @d`jl}( a ils ra} qe mfe à}}al}f* F

l}ef if ealf ia ]aolj( Fyya} 'hfjy}d, ef}yf a raq {dl {aia tqa d {aha ia hfjy}d racd

ajbglid bfe fq}f bfef }a{d}df* Djf Djipd}l plpa qe hdof aemdlf id bdbgfal}d( bfe

qe yarfq}f* Raq yarfq}f }fqmdif( ljbhqljif f djah tqa qrdpd( {d}d d }a{d}df id ef}ya

ia Fyya}* Djipd}l dedhilfd raq yarfq}f* @d`jl} edyd raq {dl {ahf yarfq}f( a pdl plpa}rfsljgf ae raq bfplh( fjia jajgqe gfeae fqrd aj`}ajy%hf*

9 Rdmajif id glry}ld Rloq}i iablia aj`}ajyd} @d`jl}* ]aolj `ds qed ar{did bfe fr {aidfr

id ar{did if {dl ia Rloq}i* Djyar ia aj`}ajyd} f i}dof( aha bfedjid qe a}blyf {d}d

pljod} d ef}ya if {dl> pajba( yfed yfif f yarfq}f if fqy}f }al a pfhyd {d}d bdrd* Rloq}i `ds

d}edilhgdr {ahf bdeljgf {f} fjia @d`jl} {drrd {d}d mama} oqd a ra arbfjia jqed iahdr3

Dji d bhfqi f` pajfe `ha ma`f}a gle dr ga rjf}yai dji }fd}ai( rf ygdy ly fqhi gdpa

maaj iadyg yf rydji ma`f}a gle* '{*491,* Rloq}i ar{a}fq f i}dof {drrd} {f} bled iaha ab}dpfq d ar{did il}ayf jf bf}df* @d`jl} ydeme dedhilfd f yarfq}f*

1 Rloq}i fà}aba f bf}df ia @d`jl} {d}d ]aolj( edr df yfbd} f bf}df bfead d ajyajia} d

hljoqdoae ifr {rrd}fr tqa dha}yde tqa Rloq}i iapa}ld bfea} f bf}df a ditql}l} yfif f

bfjgableajyf( {flr ]aolj ld y}d%hf* Rloq}i edyd ]aolj*

0 Fr {rrd}fr ljilbde f bdeljgf d M}|jglhi( ifjsahd ajbdjydid( if}ea ae qe bdryahf(

}fiadid {f} `fof* Djyar( Rloq}i pdl df yarfq}f ia @d`jl} a ajbfjy}d f Gahe f` I}adi

'Ahef if Ya}}f},( tqa yf}jd tqae f qrd ljplrpah* Rloq}i ajbfjy}d M}|jglhi( d {}ljbard


43/113

92

oqa}}al}d( d{dlfjde%ra( a i d ahd qe djah( f hylef djah yfedif ia Djipd}l*

? Rloq}i bgaod d bf}ya ia fqy}f }al( fjia ajbfjy}d Oqi}qj( bqcd ea qed m}qd* Rloq}i

ajàlyldif a ra bdrd bfe Oqi}qj*

7 D m}qd tqa} tqa M}|jglhi ra bdra bfe Oqjjd} raq `lhgf> Rloq}i 'artqablif( ajàlyldif, a

Oqjjd} pf df ajbfjy}f ia M}|jglhi( edr ahd dljid ra haem}d iaha a f ded* F {dl ia

M}|jglhi bfhfbd {}fpdr {d}d bfjbaia} d ef id `lhgd* Oqjjd} jf bfjraoqa {drrd} jdr

{}fpdr( tqae {drrd Rloq}i( ilr`d}dif ia Oqjjd}( edr rae ra haem}d} ia M}|jglhi {f}

bdqrd if ajbdjydeajyf* Rloq}i pajba f iard`lf a d ef ia M}|jglhi pdl {d}d Oqjjd}*

Rloq}i( dljid ilr`d}dif bfef Oqjjd}( i d ahd qe djah a ahd hga i f djah ia Djipd}l(

djyar tqa Rloq}i drrqed rqd {}{}ld `f}ed* Rloq}i i f djah ia Djipd}l rqd ar{frd(

Oqi}qj* M}|jglhi rqr{alyd tqa d{ajdr Rloq}i {fia}ld ya} {drrdif {ahd {}fpd( edr bqe{}arqd {}fearrd ia ra bdrd} bfe Oqjjd}( {ajrdjif tqa Rloq}i d yljgd artqablif* Df `ljdh idr

mfidr ia Oqjjd} a M}|jglhi( f àlylf {a}ia aàlyf a Rloq}i ra haem}d ia yqif edr jf

bfjyd jdid d jljoqe( {d}d jf iald} jljoqe ljàhls* Arrd haem}djd }arqhydif id

edhilf if djah ia Djipd}l*

< Oqi}qj a M}|jglhi ilrbqyae rfm}a d rq{a}lf}lidia ia raqr ed}lifr a Oqi}qj bfjyd tqa( jd

pa}idia( Rloq}i {drrfq {f} yfidr dr {}fpdr* M}|jglhi }abfjgaba f djah ia Djipd}l idif d

Oqi}qj* M}|jglhi bfjyd tqa iarbfm}lq d pa}idia d Oqjjd}( bgded%f ia eajyl}frf a bgf}d{f} ya} {a}ilif raq o}djia def}( Rloq}i* M}|jglhi ils tqa tqa} ra edyd}( Rloq}i yajyd

bfjrfh%hd a fà}aba%hga yfif f yarfq}f ia @d`jl}( edr M}|jglhi ils tqa eqlyf yd}ia*

4; M}|jglhi d}ed qed d}edilhgd {d}d edyd} Rloq}i* Rloq}i ef}yf if}eljif( edr edyd raq

drrdrrljf( f l}ef edlr jfpf ia Oqjjd}* Oqi}qj bgf}d df pa} f ed}lif ef}yf* O}djl( f

bdpdhf( ef}}a ia {ard}* Ajyf( M}|jglhi bgf}d a ef}}a ydeme* Rloq}i( M}|jglhi a O}djl

rf bfhfbdifr jf earef md}bf a tqaledifr cqjyfr a d edhilf ia Djipd}l ary bfe{hayd*

Rloq}i yae yfifr fr dy}lmqyfr ia qe ga}l y{lbf( ljbhqljif lyajr eolbfr( bfef d

ar{did( f ahef a f bdpdhf*

Oqjjd} a Oqi}qj rf( ia ba}yd `f}ed( efry}difr bfef `}dbfr> ia efif tqa M}|jglhi

ra}ld d jlbd ar{frd d dhyq}d ia Rloq}i( qed {}ljbard oqa}}al}d*

D{ard} idr p}ldr dyajqdar d glry}ld bfjyljqd mdrydjya plfhajyd* Dr j{bldr ia

M}|jglhi a Oqjjd}( bfef d{d}aba jd Bdjf ifr Jlmahqjofr( bfe{haydeajya

rq{}lelid*


44/113

99

F }ahdyf glry}lbf ra `qjia bfe f eolbf3 yaefr hfbdhlidiar mae ia`ljlidr( bfef d

Iljded}bd( {f} aae{hf> edr ydeme m}qdr( edhilar( ayb* D Rdod ra bfhfbd ajy}a

iflr qjlpa}rfr*


45/113

91




DQHD


46/113

90

D @djydrld hlya}}ld b}ld iahlma}dideajya fqy}fr eqjifr( ia dbf}if bfe rqdr {}{}ldr

}ao}dr 'bfjpajar,* ]aja ahaeajyfr c alryajyar( bfef d dpajyq}d idr a{f{aldr( idr

rdodr a ifr yayfr eailapdlr a f ed}dplhgfrf ifr bfjyfr ia `didr( ae qed jfpd `f}ed

ia yayf*

F tqa ilà}ajbld fr ahaeajyfr ed}dplhgfrfr id Hlya}dyq}d ia @djydrld {d}d fr ahaeajyfr

ed}dplhgfrfr ia oja}fr djya}lf}ar f `dyf} id b}ajd* F dqyf} a raqr halyf}ar jf

db}ailyde jfr ahaeajyfr ed}dplhgfrfr( bfef efjry}fr( àlylfr( ayb*

_lhhlde Ef}}lr '4729 47 }a`f}edif} {fhylbf( rfbldhlryd*

@fl arb}lyf} '{fayd a }fedjblryd,( y}diqyf} a le{}arrf} ia hlp}fr* Y}diqslq dr rdodr

lrhdjiardr a arb}apaq rqd {}{}ld pa}rf id glry}ld ia Rloq}i3 Rloq}i( yga Pfhrqjo*

Plpaq iq}djya f {}fbarrf ia ljiqry}ldhlsdf id Ljohdya}}d* B}ylbf if {}fbarrf ia

ljiqry}ldhlsdf tqa tqdra arb}dplsdpd raqr ae{}aodifr* Rdqifrlref Lidia Eild

liadhlsdid> rfjgf bfe d pfhyd idr bf}{f}dar ia f`blf*

O}djia ljr{l}df ae yayfr id Lidia Eild fq }fedjbar glry}lbfr bfef fr ia _dhya}

Rbfyy> bfjyqif( bfead d b}ld} glry}ldr tqa ra {drrde ae eqjifr ia rqd {}{}ld

ljpajf*

Û Aha ia efif dhoqe `dsld {d}ya id y}dilf id `lbf ljohard ae {}frd( aha`qjifq rqd {}{}ld y}dilf* Raqr }fedjbar ra {drrde ae {dlrdoajr ary}djgdr(ljb}palr( dpajyq}arbdr( ia edold a ga}fref( dhoqedr pasar lihlbdr( dhoqedr

pasar yfbdidr ia gf}}f} rfem}lf( edr rae{}a jfpdr a f}loljdlr dhe ifbfjgableajyf( eqjifr `f}d if ar{df a if yae{f( ae ajapfdidr {dlrdoajr}fejylbdr tqa jf ra}lde dbgdidr ae jajgqe ed{d( ae {fbdr tqa jajgqedglry}ld blyd* 'BD]YA]( =;;2( {* 490,

Arylhf3 lelydf id {}frd eailapdh rae adoa}f> arylhf d}bdlsdjya3

^***U df difyd} d hljoqdoae a f yfe ia qed {fbd edlr }aefyd( _lhhlde Ef}}lr


47/113

9?

ydeme difyfq f rfm}ajdyq}dhlref a d edold iarrd {fbd* A df `dsa} lrrf b}lfq frdhlba}bar id hlya}dyq}d ia `djydrld* 'BD]YA]( =;;2( {* 49?,

Df difyd} qed hljoqdoae d}bdlsdjya( bfef ra aha y}djr{f}ydrra raq eqjif hlya}}lf

{d}d qed {fbd fjia }aljdrra f earef ar{}lyf idtqahd hljoqdoae( bfe yfidr dr rqdr

rq{a}rylar a b}ajdr*D hljoqdoae ilà}ajbldid qe ifr ahaeajyfr `qjideajydlr {d}d

d b}ldf ia qe jfpf eqjif*

Yga @fhn f` yga efqjydlj iff}

]al `f}ya a pdhf}frf> ljtqarylfjpah ae raq {fryf* [fpf bfjgablif bfef @fhn f` yga

Efqjydlj Iff}fq @fhn f` yga Iff}*

Fbdrlf3 àryd ia mdylsdif if `lhgf if }al( jdrblif jf ealf if ljpa}jf* Y}dydpd jfm}ar(

ea}bdif}ar( d}yarfr a md}ifr bfe d eared bf}ildhlidia* @a}fs jf bde{f ia mdydhgd(

edr oajylh `f}d iaha*

Jd àryd( dplryd qe gfeae a qed eqhga} {d}ablifr bfe fr }alr a }dljgdr ia

djylodeajya* Df }aif} iahar {d}abld gdpa} edlr dhao}ld tqa ae tqdhtqa} hqod} if rdhf*

Hljoqdoae d}bdlsdjya3 _gdy hdbn dy dhh if |a `lji yga}alj6 Bfjpa}rd if pahgf gfeae

{f} ealf ia bdjar* ]aà}jbldr elyfhfold j}ilbd3 Ygf} 'ae{qjgd f ed}yahf

Ecfhjl}( drrfbldif d y}fpar( }ahe{dofr( yae{arydiar> {}fyaf id gqedjlidia,> Y|}

'iaqr if bfemdya( if bq( id hqs( ifr cq}deajyfr> {dy}fjf id cqryld,>

Fr djblfr rf bfjplidifr d ra rajyd} df hdif if }al* Demfr }ar{fjiae bfe bdjar* F

djblf `dhd rfm}a f ljpa}jf a yae{fr {drrdifr> fr djylofr oqa}}al}fr a mdydhgdr `f}de

artqablifr> apfbd f `le ljaf}pah ia yfifr fr gfeajr*

Ajy}did ia qed eqhga} parylid ia pa}eahgf bfe f mam* F }al f yfed a `ds qed ed}bd

bfe qed hdjd jd b}ldjd( iailbdjif%d d File* Yfefq d b}ldjd bfef raq `lhgf a qe

ifr raqr gfeajr d{d}aba {d}d iaàjia} fr iaracfr if }al bfjy}d tqdhtqa} qe tqa

tqlrarra bfjy}dils%hf*

Qe pahgf bfe qe fhgf d{ajdr ljya}pe a ils tqa dhl yfifr rf l}efr* Ajtqdjyf aha

`dhdpd( fr djblfr d{d}aba}de bfef dqoa ia raqr ildr* Jljoqe rdmld bfef fq ia fjia

f pahgf bfe qe fhgf ya}ld rq}olif*

F }al fqpa p}ldr glry}ldr if djblf a yajyd oqd}i%hdr jd eajya( {}arrajyljif tqa

jqjbd edlr fr pa}lde* Df dedjgaba}( bfe f rdhf c ealf pdslf( f }al fà}aba


48/113

97

gfr{aidoae dfr djblfr( edr f pahgf ils tqa yae ia {d}yl} a bfjplid f }al {d}d

{a}bf}}a} {d}ya if bdeljgf bfe aha( dhe ifr eq}fr if bdryahf* F }al rdl ljpa}jf

diajy}f bfe rqdr }fq{dr ia àryd* F pahgf ils tqa pdl bfjiqsl%hf [f}yd id Efjydjgd(

ia fjia gdpld rdif f {fpf( tqdjif gdplde eqlyfr ga}lr a {fqbdr glry}ldr rfm}a ahar*

Jd {drrdoae id efjydjgd( fr djblfr d{d}abae }acqpajarblifr a ra ilsae {dlr ia yfid

d hljgdoae idtqaha {fpf* @dsae {}aefjlar rfm}a d b}ldjd }abe%jdrblid3 aha

iapa}ld bdrd} ia dbf}if bfe rqd pfjydia> bf}}a}ld {a}lof ajy}a fr tqljsa a fr pljya a

iflr djfr> eajblfjd fqy}fr hqod}ar3 @dl} @fqjydlj a Idha Yfa}* D eajrdoae jf

ajydjyf fmrbq}d a f }al pfhyd {d}d f bdryahf àhls {f} ya} ajbfjy}dif fr djbary}dlr ia raq

{fpf*

[fia%ra ilsa} tqa f yaed if bfjyf d eqidjd a d }ahdf if gfeae bfe f yae{f* G

p}lfr ljiblfr ia y}djr`f}edf3

Dr {dhdp}dr if djblf y}dsae {ard}( tqdjif f djblf apfbd dbfjyableajyfr eqlyf

djylofr( tqdra artqablifr> edr ydeme dhao}ld( {f} bdqrd if jdrbleajyf if `lhgf if

}al 'bfe{d}d df `hf}arba} ia qed }pf}a ae ealf df ljpa}jf,*

D àryd fbf}}a ae {hajf ljpa}jf 'ef}ya,( edr ra bfeaef}d f jdrbleajyf ia qed

b}ldjd 'plid,>

G f bfjy}drya ajy}a ilà}ajyar hljoqdoajr3 fr djblfr `dhde ia edjal}d edlr d}bdlbd

a f }al {}fbq}d }ar{fjia} jf earef yfe>

F }al dbfe{djgd fr djblfr d qe hqod} rdo}dif {d}d raq {fpf a h aha yae bfjydyf

bfe f {drrdif 'fr djblfr }acqpajarblifr, a bfe f `qyq}f 'dr {}ailar if djblf,*

D `loq}d if }al dyqd bfef qed {fjya ajy}a fr iflr yae{fr*

F bfjyf c ary edlr {}lef ia qed `f}ed hlya}}ld tqa aloa qed qjlidia ia df*

Fr ar{dfr rf yfifr ledolj}lfr( jajgqed {a}rfjdoae ljilpliqdhlsdid rf

y}dydidr {ahd {frlf tqa fbq{de d{ajdr File {fia ra} liajyl`lbdif* D{ard} if

elry}lf `ljdh( jf g iplid rfm}a f d{d}ableajyf ifr djblfr a d hfbdhlsdf adyd

fq d{}fledid jf yae{f le{frrpah( f tqa y}ds f yayf {d}d f oja}f id @djydrld*

F yayf iald dhoqjr yaedr {d}d d }a`haf3 Dy fjia pf jfrrdr eae}ldr rfm}a jfrrdr

f}loajr a jfrrfr djya{drrdifr6 Dy fjia pdl jfrrd ledoljdf {d}d {ajrd} rfm}a f

`qyq}f6 F tqa `dsaefr dof}d ildjya ia jfrrf yae{f6 Rfefr {}lplhaoldifr( bfef f ]al(

ia ya} {lrydr rfm}a f `qyq}f6 Tqdh jfrrf hqod} ajy}a d efjydjgd( d `fjya a f pdha6 Jf

ra}defr jr earefr {d}ya if@fhn f` yga Iff}( plpajif ajy}a dhoqed bflrd a fqy}d6


49/113

9 jf df fqy}f( df rfm}ajdyq}dh }aef}rf*

Iflr efifr ia ajbd}d} d fm}d3 4, Ahd b}ld( bfj`f}ea Yfhnlaj( qe Eqjif Rabqji}lf

'@djydrld, raeahgdjya df jfrrf( ae tqa d bfjry}qf if efjry}f {frrpah plrf edlr

{}led id @lbf Blajy`lbd> =, qed fm}d tqa yae bfef }a`a}ajya f eqjif }adh

'hapdjif ae bfjyd d plrf ia eqjif id {fbd,( edr bfe ljra}ar ia ahaeajyfr


53/113

12

rfm}ajdyq}dlr( ra}ld f @djyrylbf%Ed}dplhgfrf ia Yfif}fp*

F @djyrylbf [q}f {fia ra} }a{}arajydif {ahd hljgd if ealf*

Ary}djgf

[q}f

@djyrylbf%Ary}djgf @djyrylbf%Ed}dplhgfrf Ed}dplhgfrf

[q}f


54/113

19




DQHD 443 40&4;&4=

D eaydef}`fra ia @}djs Nd`nd

@}djs Nd`nd '4772 4

Ajy}a fqy}dr fm}dr( iarydbde%ra dljid F [}fbarrf '4

F tqarylfjdeajyf ia qed ba}yd dqyf}lidia ljtqarylfjpah qed idr ed}bdr ia p}lfr

ia raqr yayfr( dhe ia ba}yf gqef} jao}f*

^***U Nd`nd yae qed {}arajd jd `lbf efia}jd tqa r dhbdjdid {f} Cdear Cf|ba*

']FRAJ@AHI( =;;


55/113

11

Û D{}arajyd qe eqjif b}ldif( d{d}ajyaeajya ia `}dbd yajijbld eleylbd

bfe }aà}jbld df yfif id }adhlidia ae{}lbf%glry}lbd* D{ard} ia jarya qjlpa}rfya}ae ajy}dif eqlydr {d}ybqhdr }adlr ia qed }ltqasd ay}df}ilj}ld( a artqaedrmrlbfr id plid ia Nd`nd( arrar ahaeajyfr `f}de }aedjl{qhdifr raoqjif drjabarrlidiar a fmrarrar a{}arrlpdr* Û ']FRAJ@AHI( =;;


56/113

10

iplid( f tqa f d`dryd if @djyrylbf*

Ary}qyq}d mrlbd3 d jd}}dylpd ilplilid ae y}r {d}yar( rae yyqhf( d{ajdr jqea}didr3

L Y}djr`f}edf> bfjydyf aya}jf bfe f oa}ajya( bga`a ia O}aof} Rderd*

LL Did{ydf3 efil`lbdar jd f}iae ljya}jd id `dehld fr y}r d}}qede ae{}aofr*

LLL @abgdeajyf&artqableajyf ia O}aof}> bfjydyf aya}jf bfe fr ljtqlhljfr

'bd}lbdyq}arbfr,*

Efpleajyf id jd}}dylpd3

Ljlbld%ra dma}yd3 O}aof} qe bdlal}f pldcdjya( dylpf( ae {hajf bfjydyf bfe f eqjif

aya}lf}> ljy}felrrf if oa}ajya f eqjif aya}lf} {ajay}d iajy}f id bdrd*

@abgdeajyf3 eqidjdr a did{ydar jd f}iae iferylbd> bfef O}aof} y}dydif d{r f

bgftqa ljlbldh*

Jfpd dma}yq}d3 dhqoqah if tqd}yf( jabarrlidiar id `dehld ia y}dmdhgd} `f}d a {frrql}

dljid edlr dhoqed }ajid*

Eaydef}`fra ia O}aof} Rderd3

Ia bdlal}f pldcdjya( dylpf( {}fpaif} id `dehld {d}d `d}if bfe f tqdh d `dehld yae ia

hlid}>

D eqidjd ae `f}ed ia ljrayf }a{}arajyd f ljblf ia qed iabdijbld `rlbd ljaf}pah>

jf ajydjyf( d rajrlmlhlidia a f {ajrdeajyf gqedjfr bfjyljqde 'dljid oqd}id d

haem}djd ia rqd ljyajf ia edjid} d l}e {d}d f bfjra}pdy}lf,( aemf}d qe {fqbf

dhya}difr*

D {}leal}d {d}ya id jd}}dylpd efry}d&b}lylbd dr bfjilar ia y}dmdhgf ia O}aof}>

jabarrlidia ia ra d{}arrd} a}d r edlr qed {ad ae qe rlryaed bfea}bldh* jfypah

bfef aha dljid {ajrd&iaracd iarae{ajgd} rqdr `qjar ia bdlal}f pldcdjya earef

ia{flr id eaydef}`fra* D raoqjid a d ya}bal}d {d}ya efry}de d `}lasd id `dehld3 f jf

}abfjgableajyf ia O}aof}( aha gdpld ra yf}jdif qed bflrd( jf edlr O}aof}*

Iarb}lf ajy}a f bd}lbdyq}arbf a f jdyq}dhlref>

Fqy}dr {a}rfjdoajr3

Abayf O}aya( jajgqed yae jfea>

[dl( ea a O}aya3 y}djr`f}edar id plid bfj`f}ypah a fblfrd tqa hapdpde( yf}jde%ra

edlr dylpdr 'y}dmdhgf,> yfifr fr eaem}fr id `dehld rf`}ae y}djr`f}edar df hfjof id

jd}}dylpd* D edlr plrpah ae O}aya( drrljdhdid df `ljdh id jd}}dylpd3


57/113

1?

^U Ajtqdjyf bfjpa}rdpde drrle( fbf}}aq df rajgf} a rajgf}d Rderd( tqdra tqa

rleqhydjadeajya( plryd id `lhgd bdid pas edlr djledid( tqa ahd d{ard} idbdjral}d ifr hylefr yae{fr( tqa ae{dhliaba}d rqdr `dbar gdpld `hf}arblif aeqed cfpae mfjlyd a f{qhajyd* Bdid pas edlr rlhajblfrfr a ra ajyajiajif tqdraljbfjrblajyaeajya dy}dpr ia fhgd}ar( {ajrd}de tqa c a}d yae{f ia {}fbq}d} qemfe ed}lif {d}d ahd* A {d}abaq%hgar bfef tqa qed bfj`l}edf ia raqr jfpfrrfjgfr a mfdr ljyajar tqdjif( jf `le id pldoae( d l}e ra hapdjyfq ae {}leal}fhqod} a ar{}aoqlfq f bf}{f cfpae* 'ND@ND( 4


58/113

17

[frrlmlhlidiar ia ljya}{}aydf 'dhaof}ldr,3

[fhylbd>

Rfbldh&Abfjelbd>

Ef}dh>

]ahlolfrd>

ayb*** 6


59/113

1 =, {atqajd b}ylbd

py . pl

dmf}}aba}( ljbfefid}

Yga Dea}lbdj Ga}lydoa Ilbylfjd}| f` yga Ajohlrg Hdjoqdoa jlooha

ljy}*p* jloohai( jloohljo( jloohar 4* Yf ma {}afbbq{lai wlyg y}l`har f} {ayy| iaydlhr* =* Yf `lji `dqhy bfjrydjyh| dji y}lpldhh|>

^[a}gd{r f` Rbdjiljdpldj f}lolj*Ujlo*oha}j*


61/113

04

Bfhhljr Ajohlrg Ilbylfjd}| Bfe{haya dji Qjdm}lioai jlooha ^johU

pm

4* 'ljy}, yf `lji `dqhy bfjyljqdhh|=* 'ljy}, yf ma {}afbbq{lai wlyg iaydlhr> `qrr2* 'y}, yf l}}lydya> wf}}|

j4* d rhlogy f} y}lpldh fmcabylfj f} bfe{hdljy=* d rhlogy `aahljo dr f` elrolpljo( qjba}ydljy|( ayb*

^`}fe Rbdjiljdpldj> }ahdyai yf Jf}waoldj jlohd* Bfe{d}aJLOOD]IU

jlooha} jjlooh| dic

R}* [d}lrg

Ilblfj}lf Ahay}jlbf Elbgdahlr {d}lrg j*

4, {d}tqld( ilry}lyf abharlrylbf> =, `}aoqarld( bfeqjd*

dic* [d}ftqldh*

Yga Dea}lbdj Ga}lydoa Ilbylfjd}| f` yga Ajohlrg Hdjoqdoa {d}lrg

j*4*

d* Dj dieljlry}dylpa {d}y f` d ilfbara ygdy gdr lyr fwj bgq}bg lj yga Djohlbdj( ]fedjBdygfhlb( dji rfea fyga} bgq}bgar*

m* Yga eaema}r f` rqbg d {d}lrg> d }ahlolfqr bfeeqjly| dyyajiljo fja bgq}bg*=* D {fhlylbdh rqmilplrlfj f` d M}lylrg bfqjy|( qrqdhh| bf}}ar{fjiljo lj mfqjid}lar yf djf}loljdh abbharldrylbdh {d}lrg*2* Dj dieljlry}dylpa rqmilplrlfj lj Hfqlrldjd ygdy bf}}ar{fjir yf d bfqjy| lj fyga} Q*R* rydyar*

^Eliiha Ajohlrg( `}fe Fhi @}ajbg [D]]FBGA( `}fe Hdya Hdylj [D]FBGLD( ilfbara( dhya}dylfj f`[D]FABLD(

`}fe Hdya O}aan [D]FLNLD( `}fe O}aan( d rfcfq}jljo( `}fe [D]FLNFR( jalogmf}ljo( jalogmf}( rfcfq}ja}3[D]D%( jad}> raa {d}d%4. FLNFR( gfqra> raa _ALN%4 lj Ljif%Aq}f{adj }ffyr*U

Bfhhljr Ajohlrg Ilbylfjd}| Bfe{haya dji Qjdm}lioai{d}lrg ^{}Uj

4* 'Bg}lryldjly| & Abbharldrylbdh Ya}er, d rqmilplrlfj f` d ilfbara( gdpljo lyr fwj bgq}bg dji dbha}o|edj ]ahdyai dic{d}fbgldh=* 'Bg}lryldjly| & Abbharldrylbdh Ya}er, yga bgq}bgofa}r f` rqbg d rqmilplrlfj2* 'Ofpa}jeajy( [fhlylbr Il{hfedb|, 'lj Ajohdji dji( `f}ea}h|( _dhar, yga redhhary qjly f`hfbdh ofpa}jeajy lj }q}dh d}adr

9* 'Ofpa}jeajy( [fhlylbr Il{hfedb|, 'lj Hfqlrldjd, d qjly f` hfbdh ofpa}jeajy


62/113

0=

bf}}ar{fjiljo yf d bfqjy| lj fyga} rydyar f` yga QR1* 'Ofpa}jeajy( [fhlylbr Il{hfedb|, 'Bg}lryldjly| & Abbharldrylbdh Ya}er, yga {af{ha hlpljo lj d{d}lrg'Glryf}lbdh Ya}er,fj yga {d}lrgGlryf}| }abalpljo {d}fbgldh }ahla`

^`}fe Fhi @}ajbg {d}flrra( `}fe Bgq}bg Hdylj {d}fbgld( `}fe Hdya O}aan {d}flnld( `}fe{d}flnfr Bg}lryldj( rfcfq}ja}( }fe O}aan3 jalogmfq}( }fe [D]D%4 'marlia . flnfr gfqraU

Jfya%ra bfef d bd}dbya}lsdf ia bdid {a}rfjdoae ra i bfj`f}ea f rlojl`lbdif ia raqrjfear* Ahar jf rf bfe{haydeajya f{fryfr* G qed }ahdf ia ilà}ajd a bfe{haeajyd}laidiatqa ra }arfhpa jf `ljdh3 Jlooha/r [d}lrg* Y}dmdhgf bfe d hljoqdoae3 Yfhnlaj i plid d qe jfea(ljbf}{f}djif raqr ehyl{hfr rlojl`lbdifr ae qed {a}rfjdoae*

2* Ary}qyq}d if aj}aif

Ljy}fiqf D{}arajydf idr [a}rfjdoajr a if Baj}lf Jlooha> R}* [d}lrg Arydif 'halr }olidr3 Arrd d hal*,

Yaed id pldoae3 ljbefid( iardo}dipah( ljàhls*

[}ledpa}d rd`}d ia ljya}}q{ar3 {}ablrfq ra} cq}dif> delofilrydjya ifajya> [d}lrg ia bded( eqlyfr plrlydjyar*

F yae{f ra yf}jfq dhof {}ablfrf pldoae* Cd}ile edhbqlidif ljr{af if Arydif*

Fqyfjf elif a yae{aryqfrf> Y}dmdhgf jf odh{f> Le{frrlmlhlidia ia ya}eljd} f tqdi}f> Ljya}}q{ar ia [d}lrg 'a{}arrf dsaid a bgf}frd,>

bdrd idjl`lbdid> ar{frd ifajya* Mqrbd ia mlblbhayd3 eilbf a ae{}alyal}f 'pfhyd}d {d}d

bdrd( {d}d `}ajya id hd}al}d,> Eilbf dy}drd> ae{}alyal}f jf pae*

Jlooha ifajya* Ljr{ayf} ia Bdrdr3 Arrd d hal Bfjiqyf}

Pldoae Jlooha ra `fl ia `f}ed mdrydjya {db`lbd Arydf @a}}fpl}ld3 o}djia a rfem}ld Bd}}aodif} bgded {f} Jlooha Ajà}ed}ld id Bdrd ia Y}dmdhgf3 }aeilf ded}of(

y}dydeajyf {fqbf delopah* Y}dmdhgf iq}f> demlajya rq`fbdjya( rae hqs> iarbdjrf

jf arbq}f {d}d {ajrd} qe {fqbf> {}lpdf ifr

rajylifr>


63/113

02

rajrdf hajyd ia {drrdoae if yae{f> }aefa} f{drrdif> rae {}dsa}*

Jfpdr {}afbq{dar3 y}dmdhgf ayajqdjya 5eabdjlsdf id }fyljd( id plid*

Jf gdpld {}dsa}> gdpld ba}yd rdylr`df '{f( jfoahld,

Jf yljgd yae{f {d}d rl ^U a dljid drrle arydpd rayf}jdjif rajgf} ia raq yae{f* Rae {}arrd( edlry}djtqlhf( bfjraoqld iarbdjrd}*

Rq{f}yfq d eqidjd ia }fyljd> edr raq bf}{f jf*Jljoqe hga do}diabaq f ar`f}f*

Cqhodeajyf [}leal}d a Raoqjid Pfs [}leal}d dpdhldf id d}ya ia Jlooha3 yae qe ajbdjyf

{}{}lf> Jlooha a}d qe {ljyf} {f} jdyq}asd> iarbqlifbfe dr bflrdr id hal>

G f bdrf [d}lrg( f tqa palf ia{flr* A}d plsljgf iaJlooha( jqjbd efpaq qed {dhgd {f} aha( a }d}deajyaiaefjry}fq dhoqed o}dylif* Edr jf g djfydf jfr}aolry}fr ia tqa Jlooha ar{a}drra o}dylif ia [d}lrg( ahajae {d}aba ya} {ajrdif d }ar{alyf*

Y}dcayf ia mlblbhayd `dpf}aba Jlooha3 pdl {d}d d {}ledayd{d*

Jfpd `dra '{r%pldoae, Pfhyd hqs( bq}d( jfpd pldoae* Edlf} bhd}lidia( jlylias( y}ae {d}aba jfpf* Iaryljf3 ed}bd ia {frra rqd mlblbhayd( ayltqayd bfe

raq jfea* Ajy}did jf tqdi}f3 ajy}d} jd rqmb}ldf* [dlrdoae ia dhoqe efif `delhld}> ajbfjy}f bfe d

}pf}a( }abfjgableajyf3 {a}`alyf dljid tqaljdbdmdif3 D }pf}a arydpd ya}eljdid edr jfdbdmdid /Adydeajya f bfjy}}lf ia bfef bfryqedpdra}/* Fmcayf id d}ya rae{}a ae eqydf*

[d}lrg3 y}ds qe bfjgableajyf {}ylbf> dbfryqedif dhlid} bfe {hdjydr a cd}iljr* Ljpa}rf ia {d{lr3 [d}lrg

ra yf}jd f d}ylryd a Jlooha f y}dmdhgdif} {}ylbf*Demfr y}dmdhgde cqjyfr {d}d d bfjry}qf if hqod}* D Mal}did3 }aolf hlelya id b}ldf* Jlooha dpdjd(

[d}lrg {a}edjaba* [dryf} ia fpahgdr3 fqy}f d}ylryd(oqld*

A{hfof Iqdr {d}yar3 Eqjif {}le}lf3 Bfjrahgal}f Yfe{nljr( Dynljr a

[a}nljr* ]a{}arajydf ia pdhf}ar id rfblaidia3 bflrdr{}ylbdr( `ljdjbal}dr( eabdjlsdidr> plrf rajrpah(d}yrylbd( aiqbdid> dhgadeajyf* D}ya ia Jlooha

{a}ilid*Nlj3 `dehld( {d}ajyar*

Ileajrf {d}dhahd3 [}leal}d a Raoqjid Pfs3 iarbfm}ae


64/113

09

d `qjf id d}ya ia Jlooha3 `}ldr( }a{fqrf( yled {d}dbfjpdharbajd> eahgf} d{}arajydf r Efjydjgdr'ljy}fiqf ia jfpfr bfjgableajyfr( a{a}ljbldr,*

9* Jlooha a d rfblaidia

Jlooha {ljyf}( d}ylryd( rae{}a fbq{dif bfe rqd fm}d( y}dmdhgfr ljdbdmdifr3 A}d if yl{f ia

{ljyf} tqa rdma {ljyd} `fhgdr eahgf} if tqa }pf}ar Ajohlrgjarr* Bf}df efha3 Ofryd}ld ia ra} edlr iablilif$ Hlelyar ia rqd fm}d3 yae{f( efhiq}dr* Yljgd tqa ya}eljd} f tqdi}f djyar id pldoae*

F tqdi}f {}ablrd}ld {d}d} ia b}arba}*

Dqyfb}ylbd3Qe ild( Jlooha {d}fq d ba}yd ilryjbld ia raq tqdi}f a f bfjyae{hfq bfe dyajfa le{d}bldhlidia ljbfeqjr* Jf bfjraoqld iablil} f tqa dbgdpd iaha( a iaracfq ya}dhoqe delof tqa hga ilrrarra f tqa {ajrd}* Jd pa}idia aha hga {d}abld yfydheajyaljrdylr`dy}lf( d{ard} ia eqlyf dy}dajya( f jlbf tqdi}f }adheajya mfjlyf jf eqjif*Jdtqaha efeajyf f tqa hga do}did}ld ra}ld pa} aha {}{}lf ajy}d}( id}%ra qeyd{ljgd jdr bfrydr a ilsa} 'bfe mpld rljba}lidia,3 Dmrfhqydeajya edoj`lbf$Bfjrlof pa} adydeajya dfjia pfb {}ayajia bgaod}* Bfjyljqa drrle a jf ra{}afbq{a bfe edlr jdid$ Pdefr bfjraoql} qed {ajrf if ofpa}jf {d}d pfb jf{}ablrd} ra {}afbq{d}* '{* {fqbfr rdmlde if tqdi}f( ra rfqmarrae jf id}lde le{f}yjbld3

D }pf}a( racd bfef `f}( a}d bq}lfrd* Mdrydjya rljoqhd} rqd edjal}d* Drrle bfef Jlooha>edr aha a}d ydeme qe gfeajsljgf mae bfeqe a qe ydjyf yfhf*

[}afbq{dar edlf}ar id rfblaidia3 Tqdjyf yae{f aha {fia}ld dild} d pldoae6Tqae `lbd}ld bfe d bdrd6 F cd}ile ra}ld edlr mae bqlidif6 Ljr{ayf} ia Bdrdr( Bfjiqyf} a Bd}}aodif}3 }a{}arajydjyar if Arydif* Rae tqdlrtqa}

y}dfr ia {d}ylbqhd}lidia* Halr }olidr* Rae ar{df {d}d dljilpliqdhlidia&rqmcaylplidia* Edial}d a hfjd rf plryfr d{ajdr bfef fmcayfr ia qrfleaildyf '}a{d}df idr bdrdr,> le{frrlmlhlidia ia a{}arrf {ahd d}ya*

Eilbf a ae{}alyal}f3 jf dyajiae bfj`f}ea f jabarr}lf> lja`lbljbld* Ae{}alyal}f3pfhyd}d {d}d bdrd( {d}d `}ajya id hd}al}d jff ia bfj`f}yf( il`a}ajbldf rfbldh*

D}mly}d}laidia if Arydif*


65/113

01

1* D Pldoae3 Aj`a}ed}ld a Bdrd ia Y}dmdhgf

Bgaodid ia Jlooha rae mdodoajr( bfef qe ljiloajya* Tqdh pdhf}ar aha iapa}ld y}dsa}6 Frpdhf}ar {frya}lf}eajya d{}arajydifr rf rqdr dar*

Rajrdf ia rq`fbdeajyf( arbq}lif3 bdrylof( a{ldf6 Jlooha ra gdmlyqd d qed plid eabdjlsdid* D rajrdf ia rdylr`df ary hfjoa ia qed

rajrdf ia ahlblidia* Iarqedjlsdf* [f jf oahald* Dr Pfsar }abamae edlf} o}dq ia ljilpliqdhlsdf if tqa fr `qjblfj}lfr if Arydif3

[}leal}d Pfs3 rapa}d Raoqjid Pfs3 efia}did d{ard} ia jf rqdpa( bfe dqyf}lidia( a rfdpd df earef

yae{f ar{a}djfrd a y}lrya d Raoqjid Pfs tqa {}f{a f y}dydeajyf rqdpa* Arrdr {a}rfjdoajr jf {frrqae {}arajd `rlbd( edr rf hloal}deajya ilryljydr> c fr

`qjblfj}lfr if Arydif( {frrqae d{d}jbld raeahgdjya( rf {adr ia qe earef rlryaed(

}olif( {f}e {fqbf a`lblajya*

0* Dhoqjr ar{dfr

Plhd( bdrd ia Jlooha a R}* [d}lrg Demlajya ia yajrf3 Jlooha Rfblaidia> Arrd yajrf edlr apliajya jf A{hfof {ahdr iabhd}dar if Bfjrahgal}f

Yfe{nljr> F{f {f} Jlooha ia plpa} d`drydif( ljya}arrar il`a}ajbldifr>

Bfjydyf bfe [d}lrg3 {}fmhaeylbf( edr jabarr}lf* Jlooha dcqidpd [d}lrg a arra hgabfjraoqld mfdr mdydydr d qe {}af md}dyf*

Odh{f hqod} ia b}ldf ia Jlooha> aryilf> bfjry}qif fjia `lbdpd f bdjyal}f ia mdydydr> ia{ajijbld ia [d}lrg> Jlooha {ljydpd d jdyq}asd rae aryd} ae bfjydyf il}ayf bfe ahd> `lhy}f ia

rqmcaylplidia> b}ldpd }pf}ar a `hf}ar( jf bf{ldpd ea}deajya*

Bdrd ia Y}dmdhgf

Rae hqs fq pajylhdf> [}lpdf ifr rajylifr( aem}qyableajyf( dhlajdf*

Arydf @a}}fpl}ld hqod} ia {drrdoae }a{}arajyd f iarbfjgablif( f iaryljf {fia ra} mfe fq }qle> {fjyf ia a{abydylpd( jqjbd qe {fjyf `ljdh* D Arydf @a}}fpl}ld a d mlblbhayd rf qed idr {fqbdr }a{}arajydar ia fmcayfr

efia}jfr jd fm}d yfhnlajldjd* Demfr rf efry}difr rae{}a bfef qe ealf jqjbdbfef qe`le*

Mal}did Hlelya if bfjgablif a if ledoljdif>


66/113

00

[fjyf hlelya tqa fr d}ylrydr iapae qhy}d{drrd}*

?* Rqmb}ldf

Ajy}did jf tqdi}f 5 ajy}did ae qe Eqjif Rabqji}lf> Iajy}f iarra eqjif {frrpah plrqdhlsd} edlr iaydhgar( mae bfef de{hld} raqr hlelyar

dhe idr efhiq}dr* D plrf ia `f}d rae{}a hlelydid( tqdjif ra ajy}d jd D}ya( jfyd%ra tqaahd yae plid {}{}ld( efil`lbd%ra a apfhql ljia{ajiajya id pfjydia fq bfjrbljbld if dqyf}*

Ajbfjy}d} f lj`ljlyf jf `ljlyf 5 jff ia rqmhlea ifr }fejylbfr* Y}dmdhgf ae bfjcqjyf ajy}a R}* [d}lrg a Jlooha3 jajgqe ifr iflr {fia dol} ia `f}ed

ljia{ajiajya* D d}ya ia Jlooha bq}d d {a}jd if R}* [d}lrg* @f}ya bfjy}d{fjyf bfe d f{ljlf if Bfjrahgal}f Yfe{nljr3

Rae ra}pajyld jae {}ylbd jae abfjelbd a{hlbfq Yfe{nljr* Fqrf ilsa}

tqa aha {fia}ld ya} rlif y}djr`f}edif ae dhoqed ar{bla ia ajo}ajdoaed{}fpalypah ra pfbr( eary}ar ia {}leal}dr hay}dr( bfjgabarrae raq f`blf* Edrjf bfjgabae( a drrle ya}eljdefr bfe oajya ljylh bfef aha* Ra aq ofpa}jdrraarya {dr( ae{}aod}ld d aha a rqd hdld ae dhoqe ra}plf {d}d f tqdh `frraediatqdifr( hdpdjif {}dyfr jqed bfsljgd bfeqjly}ld fq bflrd {d}ablid( a y}dyd}ldia od}djyl} tqa y}dmdhgdrrae il}alyf* Fq fr iarbd}yd}ld* Aq iapa}ld y%hf iarbd}ydifeqlyf yae{f dy}r*^U bhd}f tqa d {ljyq}d yae qylhlidiar }ar{fjiaq Yfe{nljr* Edr jf gdpld

bfef qrd} d {ljyq}d iaha* G eqlydr f{f}yqjlidiar {d}d }d{dsar d}}fcdifr tqa jfyae eaif ia jfpdr lialdr a jfpfr eyfifr* Jf {d}d arrdr yfhlbar djyltqdidr*Iapdjalfr {}lpdifr* Aha jf ra}ld bd{ds ia iarajgd} qe bd}yds a{}arrlpf jae{d}d rdhpd} d {}{}ld plid* Rae{}a eaajif bfe `fhgdr a `hf}ar* Qed pas{a}oqjyal%hga {f} tq* Aha ilrra tqa dr dbgdpd mfjlydr$ /F tq( f}ofr iloarylpfr aoajlydlr ia {hdjydr6/( aq ilrra d aha( edr jf ylpa }ar{fryd* Iar{a}ildif} yfhf*'{*441 440,

Jf y}abgf `ljdh d [}leal}d Pfs a d Raoqjid Pfs d{}arajyde qed rfhqf {d}d d yajrf aeyf}jf id fm}d ia Jlooha3 `}ldr( }a{fqrf( yled {d}d bfjpdharbajd> eahgf} d{}arajydf rEfjydjgdr 'ljy}fiqf ia jfpfr bfjgableajyfr( a{a}ljbldr,*

]abq{a}df( Arbd{a a Bfjrfhf*


67/113

0?




DQHD 423 2;&4;&4=

Ajy}aplryd bfe f Pde{l}f ia Djja ]lba

Ajy}aplryd bfe f Pde{l}f '4


68/113

07

Edr {f} tqa*** ilrra tqa Harydy jf iapld ya} àlyf tqa bfeadrra bfe {arrfdr* Tqa}ilsa}*** tqa} ilsa} tqa {d}d pfb a}d qed f{f aryylbd a jf ef}dh6

Ra ylparra {a}oqjydif ajyf( ya}ld hga ilyf tqa a}d aryylbd( tqa {}ayajild bfe{}aajia} def}ya {f} ayd{dr* Tqa d ef}ya ia qe djledh ea {}f{f}blfjdpd ydh {}dsa} a a{a}ljbld tqa edh

yljgd bfeadif d bfe{}aaji%hd( a iaracdpd }aroqd}id} d a{a}ljbld id ef}ya gqedjd {d}d qed`dra edlr ediq}d* Edr a}d ef}dh* [f}tqa( jd pa}idia( yfidr dr tqaryar aryylbdr rf ef}dlr* Jf bfe{}aajif ilrra f }d{ds* [ajrdpd tqa d aryylbd {qiarra ra} ljyal}deajya

def}dh* F tqa ils if bhlbg if d}ylryd tqa dmdjifjd eqhga} a `lhgfr {d}d {ljyd}6 Fq Ja}f( yfbdjifgd}{d ajtqdjyf ]fed d}ild6

Demdr rf dylyqiar ef}dlr* Demdr ra}pl}de d qe mae edlf} jd eajya if d}ylryd* Fbfj`hlyf ra arydmahaba ajy}a d ef}dh if d}ylryd a d rfblaidia( a jf ajy}a aryylbd a ef}dhlidia* Edr`}atqajyaeajya lryf jf bfe{}aajilif* A d rq}oa f iar{a}iblf( d y}doild* Qe d}ylryd( }fqmdjiftqdi}fr ia hfcd( {f} aae{hf( ledoljd ya} yfedif qed iablrf ljaplypah edr lef}dh( a ajyf ra pbfef qe {a}raoqlif {ahf iaryljf* F tqa ra raoqa iarar{a}f a l}}ar{fjrdmlhlidia eartqljgd(bfef ra ef}dhlidia `frra qe leajrf eqjif ia pli}f tqa {qiarra ra} l}}aeaildpaheajya edbqhdif

{f} qe jlbf dyf* Edr jd {fbd( aryd jf a}d eljgd edlf} {}afbq{df* Dljid jf {ajrdpd jlrrf*Db}ailydpd tqa r edydpd djledlr {f} tqaryar aryylbdr a ea dyljgd o}djia tqaryf ef}dh3 raeljgd {}{}ld jdyq}asd a}d edhilyd fq jf* '{* ?0 ??,

Ef}dh gqedjd Ef}dh pde{}lbd3 {fia%ra edyd} qe gqedjf( edr jf fqy}f pde{l}f* Yf}jd}%ra fqy}f {d}d iarbfm}l} d rl earef3

Eljgd {a}rfjdhlidia ia pde{l}f yae rlif {d}d ele d edlf} dpajyq}d ia eljgd plid* Yqiftqa gfqpa djyar ea {d}aba bfj`qrf( ajapfdif* Dy}dparral d plid ef}ydh ydyadjif fmcayfr rhlifr*Rfeajya df ea yf}jd} pde{l}f {qia }ar{alyd} d plid* Jqjbd {a}baml qe ra} gqedjf plpf a {qhrdjya

dy ra} pde{l}f> jqjbd rfqma tqa a}d d plid dy p%hd arbf}}a} jqed ofh`did pa}eahgd {ahfr eaqrhmlfr( {ahdr eljgdr efr$ Û Aq ral* Iala%d }ay}qbfq aha* Hapdjyfq raq {qhrf( às jfpf bf}ya a ajbgaq f bf{f* Yqif

f tqa pfb ils yae rajylif `dhfq( yfedjif qe ofha* Pfb ljyahabyqdh* Jqjbd `ql drrle* F tqad{}ajil( d{}ajil fqpljif gfeajr `dhdjif( jqjbd dy}dpr ia hlp}fr* Jqjbd `ql arbfhd {f} yae{frq`lblajya* Edr jf rfq mq}}f a pfb iapa ea arbqyd}( {f}tqa bf}}a {a}lof* Pfb jf bfjgaba rqdjdyq}asd ia pde{l}f* bfef qe diqhyf tqa( }apajif rqd lj`jbld( iarbfm}a tqa jf d d{}fpalyfq*Pfb jf {fia( bfef gfeae( pfhyd} d ra} mam a m}ljbd} aloljif jfpdeajya def} a bqlidifrrle{hareajya {f}tqa dof}d bfjgaba raq pdhf}* Drrle dbfjyaba bfe pfb a d rqd jdyq}asd ef}ydh*Dm}lq ef iahd* Jf d p edlr dy}dpr ia qe pli}f aemddif* Edr jf {fia pfhyd} df eqjifgqedjf bfe rqd jfpd plrf* ^***U

Fr pde{l}fr rf drrdrrljfr ilsld dof}d* [}aidif}ar* Bqcfr fhgfr fjl{fyajyar {fiaehga {}f{f}blfjd} fmcaylplidia* D bd{dblidia ia {a}bama} d plid gqedjd ae rqd yfydhlidia( raejajgqed {laidia }a{qojdjya( edr bfe d plm}djya ablydf ia ra} f `le iaryd plid a `dsa} {d}ya if

{hdjf ilpljf* 'Hfqlr a Harydy( {* 70 7?,

F edh qe {fjyf ia plryd rqrrq}}dpd dof}d* Rfefr lef}ydlr* A f tqa yaefr jfrrd`}ajya rf fr }lbfr àryljr tqa d bfjrbljbld jf {fia cqhod} a tqa fr gfeajr ef}ydlr jf {fiaebfjgaba} rae bqh{d* Iaqr edyd( drrle bfef jr> ljilrb}leljdideajya* Aha yfed f edlr }lbf a fedlr {fm}a( drrle bfef jr( {flr jajgqed b}ldyq}d rfm fr bqr bfef jr( jajgqed ra {d}abaydjyf bfe Aha tqdjyf jr earefr( djcfr jao}fr jf bfj`ljdifr dfr {d}bfr hlelyar if ljà}jf( edr

{a}demqhdjif {f} Rqd ya}}d a {f} yfifr fr Raqr }aljfr* Gfca tqa}f qed b}ldjd* Rljyf%ea qed


69/113

0 f {}leal}f dcqidpd fr

y}fqdr( f raoqjif jf pld pdhf} jahar*

Y}r mdylidr jd {f}yd a }adf id {djahd3

D bde{fjard bfe d jayd bgald ia pa}}qodr ajbgaq%ra ia pa}}qodr>

F pahgf bqcf cqeajyf gdpld rlif }fqmdif sq}}fr a oaelifr ia `fea>

Cfpae eqhga} bfe f `lhgf ifajya ajbgaq%ra ia ho}ledr*

D {djahd bfjyljqd }a`hayljif fr {}fmhaedr ifr dhiaar*

F cfpae m}qf {drrd d }aeaild} fr {}fmhaedr ifr dhiaar a d {djahd {d}d ia ljbfefi%

hf*

Bfeajy}lfr ia Iqemhaif}a3

D yaeylbd if bfjyf fqrdid* Dcqid dfr y}fqdr jf rbqhf WP a Ljtqlrlf*


76/113

?0

Rajyleajyf {}%y}fqd dy}dlq ljilojdf*

Iqemhaif}a bgded f bdhial}f ia o}fyarbf*

D{fjyd p}ldr pa}rar id glry}ld3 qed iahdr f bdhial}f {}fyaoa f ljfbajya m}qf ia

y}fqdr d}edifr a bfe d}bgfyar*

Plid iq{hd ifr m}qfr* Rajyleajyf djyl%y}fqd*

Fmcaf `ljdh id R}d* Mhfde a bfjbalyf ia lj`jbld3

Û D r}d* Mhfde db}ailydpd tqa Fr bfjyfr ia Maaiha( f Md}if {}acqilbdpde drb}ldjdr {f} rqd e}mlid {}afbq{df bfe drrqjyfr gf}}ajifr bfef ef}ya(ifajd( ia}}dedeajyf ia rdjoqa( edold {a}pa}rd( {a}rfjdoajr {a}jlblfrfr( aa`qrar a a}q{ar bf}{f}dlr ifr yl{fr edlr }a{qojdjyar* D r}d* Mhfde }aqjlqqed bfhaf ia glry}ldr djylodr( ljbhqrlpa p}ldr ia Maaiha( a }aarb}apaq%dr iadbf}if bfe fr raqr liadlr( tqa( ae rqdr {dhdp}dr( ljbqylde jdr eajyar {q}dr ifr

jfrrfr djcljgfr rdqipalr {ajrdeajyfr ia àhlblidia( edjyljgde raq ifba }a{fqrfhlp}a ia rfjgfr edqr a {}fyaolde d {}ablfrd `hf} ia rqd ljfbjbld* ']F_HLJO(=;;7( {* 4?,

F Bf}df [ahqif if Edof

Edof }lbf( mfjlyf a ydhajyfrf tqa }abf}}a r d}yar idr Y}apdr {d}d jf ra d{dlfjd}*

D`dryd ia rl ydjyf f rajyleajyf def}frf ia bdrdh tqdjyf f rajyleajyf {dya}jdh* Jf

rf`}a bfe d ef}ya ifr {dlr( `lbd rdylràlyf {f} {fia} }aljd} rfsljgf ae raq bdryahf* Rqdrdylr`df bfjrlryld jfr bfj`f}yfr tqa d }ltqasd a fr hdbdlfr {filde hga {}f{f}blfjd}*

@lbd aj`q}ablif bfe d bfjpa}rd ifr b}ldifr tqa rajyae {ajd fq f iariajgde {ahf `dyf

ia tqa( d{ard} ifr raqr ifjr( jf bfjraoqlq qed mfd ar{frd* ]arfhpa ajyf {}fbq}d}

qed ar{frd mahd a }lbd rqd dhyq}d mqrbd ae{}aajilid ia `f}ed }dblfjdh* Df ajbfjy}d}

d m}qd arbfhglid( jf rajya dmrfhqydeajya jdid3 Bfjyqif d efd a}d f {}elf tqa aha

mqrbdpd( a( drrle rajyf( bfeafq d bf}yac%hd* ']F_HLJO( =;;7( {* 9?,

D cfpae rajya `drbjlf a }a{qhrd {ahf edof( rajyljif d `}lasd ia rqdr dar* F edof qrd {dhdp}dr ia bd}ljgf( edr jf ajyajia f raq rlojl`lbdif3 Pfb `dhd

mfjlyf( edof( a aq `lbd}ld ajbdjydid bfe rqdr dyajar( ra df eajfr db}ailydrra tqa

pfb yae bf}df$ ']F_HLJO( =;;7( {* 9


77/113

??

Glry}ld tqa tqdra jf rf`}aq dhya}dar df hfjof ifr yae{fr( df bfjy}}lf idr

glry}ldr tqa dhde rfm}a oaja}frlidia( yfha}jbld a def}*

^U Ilyf lryf( F bf}df {ahqif if edof ia hfjoa d edlr gf}}l{lhdjya idriilpdr ia Maaiha( a eqlyfr {dlr jf d bfe{d}ylhgde bfe fr `lhgfr dy dbgd} tqaahar ye lidia rq`lblajya {d}d jf ya} {ardiahfr* ']F_HLJO( =;;7( {* 12,

Rfm}aplpjbld if bfjyf3 `dhd r {}f`qjiasdr rfem}ldr if jfrrf ra}3 iaracf {ahd

ljpqhja}dmlhlidia* @a}l}%ra yf gqedjf tqdjyf }ar{l}d}* ']F_HLJO( =;;7( {*

19,

F edof bfjrlia}d f def} qed `}dtqasd a( {f} lrrf( y}djbd f raq bf}df ae qed

bdld* A( a`aylpdeajya( df {}fbq}d} ra yf}jd} rfm}a%gqedjf( arra cfpae le{}qiajyara yf}jd ljqedjf* ']F_HLJO( =;; raoqjif l}ef( [ai}d tqa {fia

}arylyql} plid dfr ef}yfr> l}ef edlr jfpf( dhof bfe tqa {qiarra rdl} idtqaha hqod} rae

ra} {a}raoqlif {ahd ef}ya( Bd{d id ljplrlmlhlidia*

Iaryljf ifr l}efr3 f {}leal}f ef}}a {f} rqd d}}fojbld a le{}qijbld( yajif rqd

Pd}ljgd }fqmdid> f raoqjif }arrqrblyd d rqd dedid( edr ildjya id y}lryasd iahd( c tqa

ahd c jf {a}yajbld edlr df eqjif ifr plpfr( aha ra rqlblid> f ya}bal}f l}ef plpaq dy

dpdjdid lidia( tqdjif iar{lq d Bd{d id ljplrlmlhlidia( ajy}aofq%d d raq `lhgf adbfe{djgfq d Ef}ya {f} rqd {}{}ld pfjydia*

Bfeajy}lfr ia Iqemhaif}a3

Fr ar`f}fr {d}d ajodjd} d Ef}ya rf rae{}a ae pf*

F bfjyf yf}jfq%ra hajid jf eqjif }adh3 dtqaha tqa ra yf}jdrra f haoylef {frrqlif}

ifr y}r {}arajyar id Ef}ya ra yf}jd}ld ljpqhja}pah fq earef lef}ydh( f Rajgf} id

Ef}ya*

[fiaefr }l} bfe ba}yd y}lryasd if tqa lryf jfr ils id jdyq}asd gqedjd*


78/113

?7

']F_HLJO( =;;7( {*


79/113

?

Documents

Curso de difusão do conhecimento: "Uma outra Literatura: Literatura fantástica e de fantasia dos séculos XIX e XXI"