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Kpar.lHeH Nrepe Te. KoTopbre Bbr npe.lcTaBh.qrr. ec-lrlfloÀqnHrl(HCb MorlM pacnopflxeHnqN{, s \oqY cKa-

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frl 4eepurr.r ecrb oJHa npo6neNra. flocetnre,'rh to,'r-I|fJ xarcrr rrx Hll ce6q. qro6br Boirrn, H"rrrr or ce6î,q'ro6br Bbtù^]r4 (rlrH Hao6opor). Ho noroM ÀBepb oc-TaeTCfl OTKpbrTOri. TO eCrr BMCCTO ABepH Rbr HMeeTe

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3lrrrcu{ee oTBepc'rHe B cTe rre, qepe3 KoTopoe. Hailprr-Nrep. BpbrBaercrl xo.rroÀ r.rrn BbrxoÂHT Ten,to. F.one.t-lro. Bbr Nloi.r{eTe ftpeJCTtBtlTb ce6e. .JTo JrrruÀH. xuB\'-[lrre ts 3TOr\r 3\';IHL1L1 r.Inrr tloceu]aK)ûIue ueHTp r,rcTo-pHr.l HaVKU H TeXrJr.rKH, XOpOtXO ÂrrCLlrrnnHHHpOBeFrbl(ts bioHrle KOHuoB. rrcTopr'ûJr - l r ix\paTHbre ,rn.Iu).Onlr nar"rarcfl 3ltKpbrBarb ÀIrepb 3e co6oir !r npeo6-pa3oBbrBllTb \{fHoBeHHo Bo3Hr,rKerol]Iee oTBepcTr.re Bxoporilo 3af ep NleTH3r,rpoBa Hr n'ro cTeH\l npo6J're i\I1r BTOI{, qTO IHCI lHn,.rHHa He .qBIqeTCr OT.]IHqIJTeJ'IbHOIO

oco6eH Hocrbro n lo.qer.i, 06r rraroulnx s,rl a Bl r,r.rye'rrl ÀaI]. Bo3NlOi+iHO. 3ÂaHrJe nOCeT.qT npocTbre Coqtro,'rofHrlnH Àar(e neÂaforr.l H3 6xH3ne)Kail1ero IleHrpa o6pa-3OBaHn.q. Ergrr lrr oHr,r BCe o6naÂaTb TaKH)III )r{e He-IlbrKar.llr? 3axprrraHne ÂRepeù ùIofJ.ro 6or norasaTr,csÀocTaToqHo npocTbrr,r Ho\'-xev nocne Toro. KeK 6r,r.ItIl r3o6peTcHbr ÀBepHbre ne'f j l l r . Ho. nprrHtJMzr Bo urrrr- '

r\leHue KoJ'rHqecTBo vcHnhfi. pa3nrrqHbre HoBoBileÂe-HHq. 3arrlcKrz. TpeooBaHrr.rr Àp\T K Âp)-rf' 3aKpbrila'rbÀBeprj, KoTopbre oecxoHe.ruo c-rrbruaTcrr Be3Âe (noKpaùHerJ Nrepe B ceBepHbrx pefr,roHax). oHo npeACTa-B.TIfl CTCfl BECbJIIA i\I ANOPACfl POCTPA HEHHbII,I,

l'lirteuno 3Àecb Ra\{ II npe&rrefaercrr crapbrù NIaNr-

QopÂoecxHù err6op: nr,r6o ÀHcuhflnnHnpoBarb .rrrc-JeiI. nn6o 3ar.IeFIIrrb HeHalexir{brx .rrrcÂeù u'.1 gprroirÀenefHpoBaHHulr qertoneqecri lr i r nepconex. vscirCÀHHCTBeHHoù $r'nxqrrel i 6rger orxpr,rBaib l t 3l lKpbr-tsarb JBeph, OH tte;utnltercn ruHcitt l : tp( )\r . n. lr Irr , l )Tl,c(or Qpauqr:croro ç- '161j;1 r|)ortc, - ".- tHcpi, ;r .r lrnpl. IBpaTHilKoIl . I I . t tr KOf rcr,cl)/ t clr . r r_ri r r r . l . la \11 ) l pr l lJ I-KO\l, r .L' l l l H:U3ilplt ' rc- ' lc.rr. f lpcrrrrr lu(L Ifr ' ) ({ rcr( l i lT HTONI. qTO Tenepb Bbr . lo. 'LÀrrbr . :Ulcut1f i--rrrrrrrpoBllTbTo.rIbKo oÀHofo qe.rloBeKa r co cnoNorrHoil coBecrbK)N{o)Kere no3BoJ'IIITb Àpvl'rtlt Becrrr ce6l rJt\. KaK firrB36peÀer B fonoB\,. He3asr4craN,ro or Tofo. KTo oHr,t Horhl7a nprltrrnu, rxBeùr]ap BcefÀa no3a6ornrcs o ÀBe-pn. Heue,roBex (ÀBepHbre rternn) nnrcc qenoReK(ilrBer.r qap) pa3perxLrnu Àu,'reNrMY oTBepcril.q -cTeHLr.

Pr:peurir,rir-: He cosceu. ilpe*i,Ie Bcero. ec,îrr na-.[aTa Ko]r( 6r,4er n,rarnrr, [rseùqap\-, \' Hrjx He ocTa-HeTCq ÂeHefr .{ro5rr noK\TIaTb KoQe HnH KHr,rfH H,irr.rn pH fna tIIaTb BbrÂltroulr.Jxcrr H HocTpa HueB q HTaTb .rreK-qun. Ec,lu oHLr 6\À\"r ÀaBâTb 6e4uorrv N{anbqHK\'Âp\Lfrle [op\a{eHr,rfl, nor{L]Mo Tex. KoTopbre RbrnoJ'rHreTuBeùrlap (Âa, sro oTpa;+.aer N{oe ceKcucrcKoe, lxoBH-Hr.rcTHq€cKoer ÂrlcKpHMuHauuoHHoe npe4r'6ex4e-Hrre IIpoTlrB nptre]\ra H:l ptfror\ JeB\ueri). TorÀl-l6o,rr,ru.nro qacrb BpeNreHn oH 6rger orcrrcrBoBarb HlporurrTaff ÂBepb 6\Àer ocraBaTbc.q orxptrror-r. !,axeecnu 6F,r v nax 6srnn Àe Hhrr.{. qro6br Àep}k2trb efo rîr,r.I,rbr cra.rrKHBaeMcfl Tenepb c npo6neNl0ù. KoTop\'roTaK rroJ'rHocTbro H He pa3peuunH ÀBecTH ,reT Kalnrirl-

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.rIH3Ma: KeK HaÀe)KHO I\t4CI\r4WAHI4pOBaTb MO.TIOAOTOqe,toBeKa. .{ro6rr oH tsblnoJ'IHrrn cKva{Lr\To H Manoon-,ryaqHBaeM\ro pa6ory? Xorx renepr HaÂo ÂHcrlnnnH-HnpOBaTb TOtbKO OAHOTO qer''IOBeKa BMCCTO COTHI4(ua nparruxe rorrbxo Àec.qrKr,r, nocKo,'rbK\r llanarlKOX( OqeHb He'"gO6HO paCfrOnOXeHa). 3Àecb NIO)KHO3aMerHTb c,ra6oe uecto erori crparefHu: ec,'IH o4riH3TOT [apeHb OKaXeTCt HeHaÂe)KHbrM. TOfÀa BCfl r]e-TOT{K3 PACNAACTCq; CC,'IH OFI 3ACHET HX PE6OTC LLTIHfloÉÀer npon',tflTbcq, To HHqefo xopolxefo B HToreHe no.1\aJr.rTcfl: qepToB:t :nepu 6r'ger ocTeBf,Tbcrr oT-Npbr l or I H.lL l c/hb ( HJr toltHlI l I . r{To 3anepeTb ee FIa 3a-\toK He qBJqercq perueHne\r npo6rerru. nocKoJ'rbKv3To npeBparrr-ro 6rr ee l.] creH\: a csl6Ânrr Karqororu]rcr{orvl - Tp\ÀHa.q 3aÀ2qa. u K ToM\')Ke 3To He fa-paHTnpoBxno 6u toro. vto o6,rag'lrer.rrr K;rroqeir cra-nw 6ur 3anvparb sa co6ori 4eepr). KoHe.{Ho, copBaH-LIa Mox(Ho HaKa3arb HnH Âaxe Bbrrroporb (snepe4, HecoMHeBâriTecb, KoHeqHo xte, oro orpx)Kaer lroe 6'vp-xq,'a3Hoe no3ÀHeKa|IHTa-rrHCTHqecKoe MoHono,'THCTH'qecKoe npegv6exç4eHrre npornB pa6o.{Hx). Ho npeE-cTaBbTe ce6e 3afonoBKH B fa3eTax: (CouuarbHbre HC-TOpHKH HaVnH vcTpar,rBalOT nopKy rxBeùqap\: 6eÀHo-MV BbrXOÂUV H3 pa6oqero r{IaCCa'; A ectT]/r OH TCMHO-Kox(Htî, qro BrroJ'rHe BepoqrHo, vr{HTbrBas FrH3KVro3ap[narv? Her. gHcqunJ'rhH]ipoBarb ulBeùqapa - He-B3vpafl Ha ro, qro roBopHT (Dlxo, - 3To c,'rolKHar r,rAOpOfOCTOflTTIAfl 3AI ({a, KOTOpaq nO n-rreqv TOr'rbKOorerrflM oXH,tIToH>, lr ro no coBepureHHo Àp\TlrM npr,t-qHHaM, Koropbre He HMer,or HHqero o6qero c 3aKpbr-BaHHeM ÀBepLr.

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Barorcq, 6onlrue Hrzqero He HaAo Âenerb, KpoMe KaKnogepxnBarb HX B pa6oveu cocrorHun (epena orBpeMeHH cMa3brBarb nx uac,rorr). Bo nropou runeotHoueHrrù (pa6ora uneùqapa versus pa6ore MHo-rlrx nroÀeÈ) BaM He To,rrbKo He vÂaeTcrr \Trpa3ÂHHTb

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BaHHeM. TOfÀa KaK BO B1'OpOM - pî3.'lllqlle \lerl\:I\'o6t.reslren H l tcnoJ'rHeHileNr AeftcrBlts f lB.ttcrct{ . ' t t t-6o ueorpe,qerrreHHbrNr, ra6o HvneBbru. IlepHoe rpe6r'-er nporrleÀrrrefo BpeMeHrl (.KorÀa net.t l r t lnt.- t t t t 'cr: l-HOs,'reHrro)l BTopoe - HacTorulefo Bpe\rcHlr ("Ko|J: lurneùqap Ha cBoeM nocr\'>). B nepeort c.-I\alae ecrb3aÂaHHat uHepuHti KoTopa.q B 3Haqure.. lbl ioù uepeorcVTCTBVer BO BTOpOM. flepnuù - HbiorolioscxHù,nropoù - apHCToreneBCKLrù (vto ecrn npocro cno-co6 ûoBTopHTb, qro nepnuù .qB,'Lsercs Heqe,rloBer{e-cKLrM, BTopoù .{e,'rose.{ecxuu). hv6ornt: Bpe rteHlloilcÀBHr LrMeer r\recro rorÂe, KorÂl1 nprr6emrcr K Heqe-,rroBeKaM; BpeN.ffi cBopaqnBaeTct (ronopro sro, .{ro6l't

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al .lkriih .U. Thc De-ScriptiontE Bi iker and John Las' (Eds.) .Societ\'. Studies in SociotechnicalPress, 1992. P 205-22-1,

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er ' . aro. Kl lK oHrr cqlr laK)'r. npc.Icrtul.r f lcr el i i roir(npOeKUII lO' qeJrOBeqeCKOfO nOBeJCHllf l l l l l \o. lo- l-Htrù lexHn.{ecnHù Her{enoBeqecrrr i t o6renl. KOlo-pntù no cBoeù nprrpoÀe He cnoco6eH hcrrbn'brnrrbHLlKaKux rl\BCTts. 3ro aHrpononopQtu:u, rrro J.rrtHux .sB,Tflercq rpexoM, [o.qo6HbrN{ sooQu,nrrn. HoTO.qbKO eue X\r{{e.

f logo6Hoe rropanu3rrpoBaHHe qpe3BbtqaùHopa3Âp2rx(eer rexHo,lrofoB. noTor.{\' r{To aBToNlerHrle-c.xrr ir gorogqnK rzie ulrcKBo3r, eHTponor{opcprrueH,Xoporuo u3BecrHo. uro Qpauqvsrr - 6o,tuulHe .qrc-6trte,rn 3Tr,Ii\{oJ'rofr,ltt: qTo )l{. BoT Batr eule oÀI'tH 3KC-qpc B arr O6racts: civoptoxoç rr pdptg,oE BN{ecTe o3He-.llK)T.,Iri6o ro, rrro H\{eer qenoBeqecK\ro Qop.r'n. .rtr-

1

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6o ro. .{ro npn.rlaer Qopra}'nroÂ.qN{. flono;1vrrx rr ts cA-\rolr Je-re enrporroMopQeH. npruelr cpr3\' r rpexCtr{t,lc.Illx: tsO-nepBblx, OH CÂenaH iIIOÀbItII. qB.rlfleTc'I

KOHCTp\Lqrreù: BO-BTOpbrX, OH 3aMeulaeT ÀeùCrBHe.nto.leù v flr'ntrercfl TeM Àe,'rerlToll, xoropulit nocro-.'IHHO 3aHHlvtaeT IO3I]IIHIO qe,rloBeKa: H B-TpeTbHX. OH

Qopunpver qexotseqecKoe,leircrnue. npeÀrucbrear.KaKHe rlI{eHHO nklÀrr lo.(x.Frbr flpoxoÂrrTr, B ÂBepb.l,l noc,re 3Toro KTo-To erl(e 6r,Âer :anperrlarb HaMnpHnHCbrB'.lTb 9\'RCTBâ 3TO\rv nO]'IHOCTbIO aHTpOnO-rropQr rorn' coa;1a n rr rc?,{e,rerrrpooarb rpvÂoBbre or-HOIIIeHH'. ('rlPOeUlIPOBllTb, TO eCTb nepeROÀIJTb.rpeHcnr{poBllrb - Âp\Trre qe, 'roneqecKrre ceoùcrBa,lOeOgVnXr,'-l A .JrO CO NIrIOX(eCTBONT Âp\THX rrOBOBtse-ÀeHnù. Koropbre lo?.4e'ilrrnrl. ropa3Âo 6o-tree troH.{eH-Hbre ÀBeplr cnoco6Hocrrxl BnÀelb Baru npr.rxoÂ(a,rexrpoHHr,le r. ta:a). HxH crrpatr iHBarb, KTo Bbr( 3.rerirpo H H r't ù rt po[\,cK ). r r.q rr 3txr'ron F]r Barbcq B cJ'r\Lq : le ( ) [ l c r r ( )c ' r r r7 Ho xax ( r r , r r 'o r r r r 6u-qo . KTo rannei r r ) i . ! , ) tU l ( ) . ' t ( ) l I I . ! t ' t O i ' l t , l l t t t : t I t I I ' . lBCcI ) I l l peu l l lTb . KaKo-i , .1 i r ( - " i - " . r r . r ! I t K( ) i lL r t l t . i ' I t l r ( ) l t r r : t ( r r ( ipqo ! ) . rx tJe t ir ( ( \ 'F l t ) , . , : I ( ) : r l L l I ( , r - ) l , l ( \ I l ( ' l )C I l l l ( )C ' l b I I | ) t ) l leC l ' ]1 fpeHI , I -L l \ \ l c ;F- ' ( \ i c \1 . ( t I ( ) H l r . l r i c . i (H , l le : t - ] t , i l t , t \ t ' . le . ' t c fH-poBllnue\r. : t qro , rryroc'r oir. , rrprtenulreir l ' 9ro6r,r.He npltôerax K coo'rnc'r 'c 'r 'n\K)lrrcl tv I ICCTeÂoseHtrro.pe3 H HeBCerJr px3o6plrr)('r B Tpe\ pail.rrr.rrrl{brx Br{-Jax eHTponorropcfrrr l-rra. Ko'r 'ol)bre s nepelr lrc.rnr.rr Bbr-rue? Pa:ne r{br He c(roltrrrrpontHbr .qoBoJlLrnKtlrtrr-HCqC,TIOBCKANIH, XOTfl. COf,IIIUIVCb. J'IIIIIII ' I] COBCCNl

He3r{aqnTe,rbuor: i creneurr- / Passe o}ui He ul tmn 6pa-ruq? Pagee oLrn He 3ac,'r\7{HB1lrcT BrrrrùreHrrfl? Br,t c sa-ruLlNlH KOpbrcTHr,rMH H CâMOÀOBO,rrbHbrMH COULranb-IlbtIttI r rcc-rreÀoBaHrr.sÀ{H Te\Ho.{of I III ReLr Ho xillJT\€-Tecb IJa \rextHH3Mbr I4 \:Bo,rIbFIefIIte pa6o.{rr\. BbI3BaH-HOe aRTOlr : lTH3aUHeù npOn3BOÀCTBa, - HO OCO3Hae-TE ,III,1 I]bI I]EIXH ÂHCKPHMHHÎUI,IOHHIIC NPEgT'6EXgC-ttust? Bt't orAe,{.qerc.fl nroÂeù or HeqeJ'lotsexos. fl Henpr,uepxrrBelocb sroro npe.q\'6exÀeHur (xorb oro-ro) t,r Br,D{$' ToJ'rbKo aKTopoB - ,rrc4eri. HeqenoBe-KoB, KBanHQHrlHpoBaHHbrx, MaroKBa,rrnQuqrrponaH-Hbrx, - Koropbre o6NleHrzearcrcs cBoHMr,r cgofrcrea-nn. (Ho r \B,'lexarocb. .{ro o6tr.{Ho npoacxoÀrrr rof-.qa, KofÀa Mbr. TexHor'rofH. ÀrrcK\"Tr.rpveM c HlltuI{MHÂp\,3btMlr rr TeM He MeHee Kor.IrefaMn - corlHor'Iofa-ran.) Taxnu o6pa3oM, o6T,rBneHHer noivrerrleHHoe HaÀBepI4, nonaAaeT B ToqK\i oHo c IoMopoM Toi{Hoof[rcbrBaeT froBeÀeHHe ÂoBoÀqr,rKa: oH He pa6oTa-er, ou 6acl'er (3eMerLire, qro cnoBo o6acroga'rlo -

3TO TaruKe aHTpOnOMOpQnSn, nepeHeceHHurù u3Heqer'roBeqecKoro penepr\'apa B qenoBe.{ecxhù, .{ro

eue pa3 AoKa3brBaeT. qTo ceMo 3To pa3ÀeneHrre He-cocroq1'enbHo).

t l 5. BCTPOEHHbIE ABTOPÉ)IH IOIIb3OBATEJIT{

c n 0 P b | :i::i. ffJff 'li:*,"î':.Ja9TO peanbHo c\ïlecTBvloT .,,rroÀlr' H (Heqe-rroBelill'.

He oco3HaRafl. qro 3To rrpnnrlcbrBaHr.re po-ten tr. teù-cTBHfl 'r'aK)l{e flB,'rqercr pe3\'nÉjraroM onpeÀe-neHHotoer,r6opa. ,rlr"ruruù cnoco6 oco3Harb eror eu6op -

cofrocTaBHTb vcTpoHCTBa c TeKCTaMp{, flocKo.'-rbK\'BnilcaHHocrb co3JlTeneii n no.rrgoBf,Tcnerl B Ïcr-poùcrBo qB,'rqercfl coBepueHHo raKoù xe, KaK Bnrl-caHHocrb aBTopoB H rrnrare, ' Ieù B noBec'fBouaHrre.9ro6lr nponn.rrocrpnpoBarb oro vrBepx(Aerrne. q

JOn)KeH Tenepb EpH3HeTbcr, K NroeMV CTbrÀ\' r.r Barue-tuv pa3oqapoBaHnK), i{To r coBCeM He TexHo.ror: f lBCTpOHI B CTI1TETO CO3AaHHOTO NIHOKI aBTOpl. I TaK-)Ke I,r3o6pen cBollx Bo3Molt\Hblx \.lr.rreTe.leir. vsn pe-aKrIr,rH n r'6eN4eHnfl r npeÂ\rcMoTpen. C carroro Ha-qaJ'Ia s MHofo pa3 Hcnonb3onarr o6pauleHlle (Bbr' ll.re)he <Bbr, couuo.rrofn). Ec,rH sbr noMHHTe. fl ;'\âxe Be-.rIeI BaM nOCTpOrrTb ra6.lttqr' (k,rllt nOCC)BeTOtsarI OTOcÂenarb). fl raxxe nonpocun Battrero px3perueHuffnpoÀonlxarb gro noBecrBoBaHue. Àe,raq ero, fl co3p.anBnHCaHHOTO qHTATeJIfl. KOTOpOMV q C rrxOù ,Ke HeCO-rlrHeHHocrbro npe.qnlrcan o[peÀeneHHbre cBoùcrBa ilnoaeÀeHue. c xaxori ceeroQop nnlr KaprriHa noÀro-TaB,'rr.rBâroT oflpeÀe.rreHH\ro flo3Hl\r,rrc,Dr',rq Ter, KTo HeHHx clrorpnr. llognnca-'rrlcb nA Bbr noÀ 3Tr]N1 onpe-ÂeneHHeM eac car.{rrx? I4Ilu, ectu cQoprl\'n}.rpoBarb3To eilIe paÀHxa.rrbHee, ecrb nn goo6ul,e xro-Hlr6r'gr,KTo \1or 6lr .rHlarr, oror reKCT Ll 3alg.A'lb r\'' no3nurrlo,Koroparr nprrforoer'reHa Mfr. elo ,vvratens? Sror eon-pOC tB.TIfl eTCt IICTOqHHKOM nOCTOqHHT'Ix rprz UOCreit

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AaHHOH CrIeHe He MO)r(eT norUe[raTb BIT4CaHHOMVnonb3oBare,'Ilo It.rIII r{IITare,trc Becrll ce6g HHaqe. qetvl

3To o)KHÂanocb (To ecrb Hrrqro BnJ'rorb Âo cneÀ\'ro-rqero a63arla). 9nrare,rr H3 nnoTr,r H KpoBH Nro)KeTnOIHOCTLIO HTHOpIIpOBaTb MOe OnpeÂeneHlJe erorr-rrH ee. Tor. xro nor'rb3\'erc-q cBeroQopoM. BnoJ'rHerroxer nepeùTrr Àoporv ua rpacHuù cser. H gÎxenocerr4Te,'ur fla.narrr KolK, HecMorpfi Ha ro qro uxtIoBeÂeHHe r,r TpaeKTopHr caMbrM noJ'rHbrM o6pe3oNrnpeÀBocxHrrlaK)Tcfl ÀoBoÀqHKoM, Mon'T npocTo HH-KOrÀa He 4o6parr,ca Ào Hefo. nocKo,'rbKv Haùnr erolrecro cJ'rHruKolr rp\ÀHo.9ro xacaetcr tsBoÀa lrHcpop-MarlHH B KoNrnbrorep. To klpcop r{ox{er 6ecroueqsoMHIaTb, HeCMOTpt HA TO qTO rlO,rIb3OBâTe;-Ib O'I'C\"TCT-ts\'er nnlr He 3Haer, qro eMV Aenarb. Merr<Àl'no.rrb3oBa-Ter'reM, roropuù 3aÀeercq npeÀnacaHneM, H no.'rb3o-

2

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BareneM r,r3 n.rloru rr KpoBH Moxer 6utl orpolrHttù3a3op, pa3.rrut{ue croJ'rb xe 6oluuoe, HaN i\rex(Àv <q'noBecrBoBarenq B poMaHe H ero aBTopoM. I4ueHHo3TO pA3nHqr4e TaK CnrrbHO paccrpeHtsaeT aBTopoBaHoHr,lNlHOfO O6pailIeHHr, O KOTOpOM q Ceù.raC rOeO-pu,r. B Ap)-rHX c,'r\n{arx, oÀHâKo. 3a3op N{ort(er 6brrbH\TIeBbIlvl: [peÀnHCaHHbIiI nO,'Ib3OtsaTeJIb AO TaKOi'IcTefreHu [peÀ]TaÀaH, TaK TUlaTenbHo BMoH'I'HpoBaHBHVTpb Ci{eHbr. TaK TOqHO COf,'raCOBaH C HerO, qro Àe-naeT To, qTo or Hefo o)rurÀaeTcr.

Ilpo6,reua, cBs3aHHar co cueHaMH, cocrouT BToM, qro oun o6rr.{Fro xoporxo noÂroroBneHbr &qlITOIO, qro6br [peÀBocxHU-larb noBeÀeHHe ronbKo rexnorb3oBare,'r en unu qHTareJreù, Koropbr e Ha xoÂ-qrc.qno6,rn:ocrn. Hanpiruep, ÀoBoÀqrrK vcne[IHo npeÂ_v-cMaTpHBaeT TO, r{TO ,rrcgH 6tgrr To,lKarb ÀBepb, oT-KpbrBa.fl ee, u coo6ulÀ'tb eù 3HepfHro, cnoco6H\rroBepHyrb ee e o6parnoe no,'rox(eHHe. Ho oH coBep-ureHHo necnoco6en rtoN{oqb n}oÀ-aM go6palucr 4oÀBepu. Y-xe Ha paccroflHHr.r nffTtrÂecflTu caHTHNrer-poB oH 6ecno,reaeH r4, HânpHMep. HHKaK He eos4eù-CTBVCT Ha Te [,rIAHL'I, KOTOpbIe pa3BeUaHbI tlo BCeÉ,rlaBn,r,rerr ri o6rscnqrcT. r,qe HaxoÀrlrcq flanara rox.OÂnaxo HHKaKa.rr ctreHa He N.roxe'r 6rrru no4roron-,reuuoù 6es sanoxer{Horo B Hee npeÀcraBreHu-q oToM, KaKofo poÂa aKTopbr 6r''Ar'"1 3eHHN{arb npeÀnn-caHHbIe no3LIIIHIt. Bor no.IeN{r' r Bt'rure cKa3arl, qro,

XOTfl BbI BO,'IbHbI H€ r{HTaTb ÀanbUe 3TV CTaTL,1O, 3TO,ryuurb <orHocnTe,'tbHor rax. floqeur'? IIotoNn'qro q

3HaIO, qTO, nOCKOnbKY Bbr KvnHr'Ill 3Tv KHI.Iry BbI TpV-

Ao;rrc6Hslre, cepbe3Hbre, aHf,rrofoBopflrrine rexHono-tLl nrw qLITaTe,{ir. )(enaioul,ue noHflTb HoIlbIe Hanpats-retn.fl B cor1na,'IbHbrx Hcc.rreÀoBaHnqx NlauurH. floa-ToMv r Mory ilpecnoxoiiHo no6nrF,c.q o6 ear,rag, vrov MeHq xopoixHe lxaHCbI, qTo Bbr npoqHTaeTe 3TVcrarbrc Ào xoHrla! I loeront 'Moe npeÂnHcaHue <qH-TaHTe 3TV CTaTbIO, BbI, COqHOnOf) - He TaKOe \rI( pH-cKoBaHHoe (Ho x 6rr He cr&rr pr,rcxoBarb, ec,'tH 6ttr.rMen Âeno c QpaHq'n'scxoù avALrT'oplreù). Taroù cno-co6 nonararbcq Ha 6o.ree pauHee pâcnpeÂe,'reHneHaBbrKots, YMeHblUarculee pa3pbrts Mer{Â\' BCTpoeHHbI-M l,l |I On b3OBaTeJ'Iq M H LI JIll \ILIT aT e ll-q ]UH Il nO.rI b3O BaTe -

InIMLt H qI"lTATerflMt4 tI3 nJIOTH H KpOBIl, aHa,rIOlHqerInpeÂBapr,rTenbHoNrv BnHCbTBaHHIO.

floÀnoÂs rro xoÀ.v Âe,'ra HeKoropble trrorn. NtblMOXeM Ha3BaTb COTIUOnOTH3N{OII \'"TBepÂa,4eHHe. qTO

ilpv HanvvHH KoMneTeHquH r.r npeÂtsnHcbltsaHHt qe-

,'IOBCqCCKHX nO,rlb3OtsâTer'ieH H aBTOpOB Bbl NlOXeTeBbrqnTarb ror crleHapr,rù, e coorgercrBuH c Koropbtivl61'À1"r geùcrBoBarb aKTopbr-Her{etioBeKn; a rexHorlo-fr,r3NroM - cHMNreTpHqHoe VTBeprMeHHe, qTo npHIl?'trulfr4Ll KONlneTeHUHn H npeÀBapLrTeJ'IbHOfo BnLi-

f À E H E À O C T A I O U - I A , f , N , I A C C A ?

cbrBaHr,r.q B aKTopoB-HeqenoBeKoB Bbr Moi'r(eTe 3anpo-cTo BbrqHTaTb r,l BbrBecTH To noBeÀeHHe. KoTopoenpeAnncbrBaercq aBTopar\{ H no.rrb3onate,rRlr. Hage-rocb, qTo c 3Tofo l\'{oNleHTa ÂBe STrl Hene[bre ToqKH3peHHfl HCqe3H\T CO Cuerrbr. rrOCKOnbKY aKTOpbr B nrc-6on orHorueHr.rn rlron"T 6rrm xan ,'rroÂbNrlr. TaK r4 He-IICJ'IOBCKAMH H IIOCKO''IbKV NCPCMCUICHLTC (L'f i14 TPAHC-

rrflr\Lre, Hnr,r rpaucKpHnqHa) Àenaer HeBo3Mo)KHbrMJ'refKoe BbrqHTbrBaHHe oÀHoro penepTYapa n3 Âp)-roro. CrpaHHe.s 4qe.q, qro o6ulecrgo uoxer 6nrbcocratsJ'IeHo u3 qeJ'IoBeq ecKt tx orHolu e Hrù, npe4cra -

Br-rfleT co6où oTpDKeHr,re Âp\.roÉ, He MeHee cTpaH-Hoù HiqeH, qro rexHrzKa Moxer 6llrt cocras,rreHa r43HeqeJ'roBeqecKux orHorxeHnù. Mor HN,reeM jleno cnepcoHaxaNrH, ÀeJ'teraTal"rh, npeÂcTaBrzTeJ'rrN{r,r. 3a\re-CTHTeJ'I-xNIH (o,'IeùreHaHraN1nù, oT QpauU)-scroro . licutena nt ), To ecTb (ÂepxaTe"rtb MecTa Kof o--rrrr 6o .1pr-ro-ro)), HeKoropbre r,r3 Koropbrx Qun'palneHbr. a .fp\'-fHe - HeQHn'peTHBHbr, HeKoTopbre - Heqe:-roBer{€-cKne, Àp\rfHe - qenoBeqecKr.{e, HeKoTopbre - rreKot\{-nereHTi"rbre, Àpvrne - KoMnereHrurre. Blr xornTenpo6HTbcs qepe3 oro ^{Horoo6pa3He Àe,'rereroB Hco3AaTb Àts4 r-rcKvccTBeHHbrx HafpoNloxiÀeHHr, oÀHori3 Koropbrx - oo6qecrBo> or6pocoe, a Àp\Toe<TexHororu.s'?'3ro - Batile flpaRo. Ho q nepeÀ co6oùcTaB,rlrc À,reHee VcTpaluarcU-Ive 3aneqL1.

Cuena. TeKCT. aBToMarI,r3Nr - BCe 3To ]to;Àel oKt-3atl 6o:rlutoe ros,ler'.rctelle He frpeJnucllr rr rbrr rr( ). rb-3oBaTeneù. ec i - Iu oHI I I J - l \ (J l tTc f l l { . t r - r . ' l l l rK i l \ t l ) . l ca t ( ) -gHt IH, F Io ro RO3Àei ICtB l lc . KO' r ( ) l x rc n r \ ( )ncL iH( ) . \ t In ( ) -fe uNt npHnncbtBacrct. n t lo. ' t trLltci t l ( l lc . l ; tut lcnr orrienofo pqÀa Àp\-fHx [ocreJoRaTe.,rbHo r]blc'lpoerr-Hbrx cr,rrvaunù. Hanpuivrep, ÀoBoÀr{nn 3aKpbrBaerÂBepb TOnbKO B TOM Cr'I\a{âe, eC.rIH ec'rb nrcÂlJ1 KO1'O-pbre Ào6panr{cr, go IJeurpa r.rcroprjrr r{avK: 3'rlr ,rrroÀhOKâ3brBâIOTCT nepeÀ ÀBepbro. 1'o,rrbKo ec.r'rH oHH Ha-ru;rn n;raH KBap'ra,ria (eu,e oÂun Àenerar, cHa6xeH-Hrrù ecrpoeHHbrN{ [peÀnHCaHHeN{, Koropoe MHe oco-6euHo Hpatsr.ITct: <tsbr HaxoÀHTecb 3Àccbr. cri:geÀerr-Hoe Ha nnaHe KpacFrbrM Kp\ry(KoM) n ro,rlxo ec,rnecrb Àoporn, BcÂ\'uIHe or napDKCKoù xo,rrqenori 4o-poru K fla,rare (r,c,roene. Koropoe He tscerÂa Bbrno.r-H-AeTCr); H KOHeqÉrO, nrOÀH CTaH\T SeCnOXOHrrCq Orolr. qro6or qnrarb n.rraHbr, rlrerrarb no rpq3n H To,'r-KaTb ÀBepb, qTo6br oTKpbrTb ee, To,'rbKo B ToM c.[]arae.ecnrl r,6exq4eHbr, qro fp\nna, Koropa-s rau pa6oraer.3acn\){(Htsaer noceu{eHHff (3To eÀBa r'rH He eÀHHCT-BeHHoe vc-tIotsHe s JJa Bn.rr"tierr, Koropoe tsblno.rlHrer-ca). Sror fpaÂHeHT nocneÀoBâTe.rrbHo BbrcrpoeHHbr\cnn'aqnri. Koropbre HaÀenqror aKTopoB npeÀBaprr-Te--rr,Ho nrrcltuHoù N"o.\ l lercHuHeù, no3tso-rf l lotuci lHaxoÂnrb ce6e no,rr,goeare,'reù. o\teHb noxo;x H1l

3

N i l S E P A I I b H ( l E

- n. K'peO-]" t t l 1l l IHrTOHll-: noTOK . lK)- lcH . lel N() npO\o-.qnT cKBo3b ÀBepb lla-rraTbr Koil{ r,r JoBoÀqrrK cTo pa3 BÀeHb 3aKpbrBaeT ÀBepb. ec.ryrr To.rrbKo efo He 3ae.rro. Pe-3\,jIbTATOM TAKOfO NOC,rIETOBATEJIbH(]fO BbICTPATITA-Hl4.q cr.rTYeuHil qB.nfleTCg \'IIeHF,tlteHIIe Ko-r'IIIqecTtsec,t\aleeB. B KoTopbtx lrcno.qb3\rrTct c-roBt: 6o;rrtutru-crBo ÀeircrBlli lponcxogur' 6e:rro.uBHo. oHrJ nprl-BbIqHbr. nHxopnoprrpoBaHbr (n ve.ronevecKue h.rrr lHeqenoBer{ecKlle Tena). qTo 3HaqLlTenbHo 3aTp\"rIHqeTpa6ol- aH?lrLrrvte. .(axe rcnaccnqecKr.re cropbr oceo6oge. Àereprt I tH npoBa HHocrrJ n n pe.IonpeÀe.rreH -

Hocrlr. rpr'6où crr.r're n,'rn geircrne uHoir eo.re, Be.qvuIH-ecq s XX BeKe tI geJrqoilIrrecq npoÀ().r,+.eHHe\t cflo-poe XVII cro-rrerhe o 6o){iecrBeHHoi\r npoBeÀeHnrl, -

[ocrerreHHo \'.ûsnrc.q. (llocro,rtxl Bbr Àor{HTaxH Àoororo r{ecra.3To o3Haqaen. qro.q 6r,r.l npae. KofÀa ro-BOpHX. qTO Bbr He BnOJ'rHe Bo.rrbHbr nepecTaTb qHTaTb3Tv CT|ITbIO: ,ïOBKO 3aHl]M:Ifl |IO3HIIHK) Ha KpeoÀe I.Irrcûo.rrb3\'fl Hecno-nbKo co6creeHHtrx \-rroBoK. q nprr-Be-r Bac cxl,'I:l... rr.[rr uer? N,loxer 6r,rrr,. snr nepecxoqn-.rrI qepe3 6o.lr,rut'to .racrr srot't crerblt H"rIH He rtorlt-.rr l HH oÀHofo cnoBa. o, Bbr. HeÀr.rcl lnn-rnHHpoBaH-r r Y | â r I I I h , ] T ô Û t l \t l D l ! Y l | | ! l I L , t t t , , ,

II 6. OUI-YPATI{BHbIE14 H EO T,I |YPATT,IBH bIEilEPCOHA)ITLI

5 0I b tI 14 H CT B 0 :;,1i:'**i{rHBaroT }13-3a HîpyrlreHus cBqrueHHofo 6apbepa. oT-.1e.ryrrcxlero qe.'lotscKl oT lleqe..roB€KoB, nocKOJ'IbK\'cNleDrrrBaK)l ' .qarrHoe Àe.rreHne c Àp\Tri lr . c Tei\ l . KoTo-poe c\lqecrBver lrert<Jv cprlnparrrnHbt\{rr H ueQr.rn-parnBHbrMrr aKTopax{rr. Ec,rH q foBopHJ. 'rro lan"qet -

ero o6pa:Hoe rtpeÀc'raB.']eHr.re <.qenpeccltr BH\TpuapncroKparuqecxofo Krracca'. fl nepexox\: or Qun-pbr oTÀenbHol-Lrr r r.{ HocTLI K l,leHee n Hgl t sngva,rlHor:I

Qlrnpe - Krracc\r Ec.[rr q roBopro. .{rr] nrrr-qel Borr.[o-qaer co6or.i r{J,€rc PoKr. n rpu6erarc x irrenee {rrrn -paTHBHbrxr cVUIHOCTsr,r, H eC.rIH fl \"TBep){IeK). qTO OHpe[pe3eHTr,rpve'r' 3e[eÀHuo rlHB],r.qrr33uHrc. To .q r4c-nollb3\-rc HeQr.rn'parunHrre a6crparurur. Têlr He Me-Hee BCe oHH paBHbri\,r o6pa3ol{ flB.rrflrorcq aKTaHTa}rH.

l! Teoperrrx iino.r(rrrll Kolrprt'1 Ba;trluHtrorr rlae.q 3Tor Heo,ro-O arar, o3H:1.{:rmulrrr-r - Hco6xoÀrr}rbr}i rr\-r'b,. qro66r o6pa'nrrlBH rrrlaH rie HA Heliol opbre :lâ KoHOr\repl roc'l ' lr. cTp\-IiTvpHp\rolqHeIlpoqeccbl 3Bo.rx)urrH (ltanprrrlep. c\frlccrB\tol JB\HOnre. qerBe-

poHorrre c\' i l IecTB3 H TaKJ:L'ree. rro c\fqecTB c HexoTopLrlfr,1p\TH-IrH KorrrqecrBarlH Hor He 6sreaer). (nptlveq. pea).)

HACITEAt4E

TO eCTb O6'beKTa\{11. KOTOpbre CORepUaTOT CBOrr leri-crsrrs -[H6o B xnTpo\']!{Hbrx nbecax fllencnupa. ,1116oR 6o.l]ee cK\a]Hbrx r.r3brCKtHHflX Ko]{rreHTaropon. Pe-tl]eHlle o To]1. Hâ;le.rqrË, ltKTaHTOB QirrrparHnHocTblorr-1rr HeT. no"rrHocTbK) npe.locTeBneHo:lBToplNr. To xeCl\toe \ lO)I(HO CK131TI' r l B OTIIOIIeHItt l TCxHHKH. l ' IU-xeHepbr flB.rr_qroTcq aBTope\{H 3Tr.1x u3orrlpeHHbrx crc-xel'oB H crleHapHeB. B cooTtseTCTBHH c KOTOpbrùIrr.IeùCTBVTOT \1r TOiKeCTBO ÀeXerurpoBarrHbrX. CBq3aHHbrx;Iplr c Jp\ToII nepcoH:l;Àe tr H orleHHTb Koropbre r\{o-n"r .rrlilrb He\{HofHe. xapaxrepr.rcTHKa TexHIIKH IlprlnolroiqH 3aKpenHBuefocq 3a Heù eTpr16\"111 .Heqe"qo-BeqecKa.q" npOCTO-Henpocl 'o LlrHopllp\-eT I lexeHLl3-nbr rpaHc"rrqllrru Ir rol Bbr6op, Koropbrii lrorier 6brrbcJe.rraH !rer'KÀ\' Qrrnpa uneù n,rH geQnn'pa ur r eù. nep-coHHQHqHpoBaHHeNl H-nH aScrparHpoRaHrier{, Bo-[,'ro[leHHe]1 unrr pa3BOnxoIrlerjHeNl aKTopoB.

L { . r n n u r r e n r f i u n r. r . , ,^., Ja. KOTOpar HeXOÀr.rTCr HÎ H3O-6paxeHnrr HanporuB Repre"rIa Àn-q xapKrr \Ific1l ll Nr\L:tee Hôtel-DieLl B ropoJe Eose, - Ma.reur,rrr ir .rr ; l ,rs-rruK, Ha3brBaer{btù <i\r:l.ub[il EeprpaHo, - rts.ruercq Àe-rrefrJpoBaHHbrrl aBTopolr Toro Bp2ûIaTe.rbHOfo ÀBH-xeHrrr. KoTopoe oH ocvuecTBn.qeT.

Sror lra-renr,Knù qe"qoseqeK'r'ax )Ke xopouro r.r3-BecreH e EoHe. KaK .nLICllIou{Lrù na.rlb.ltrx' B liptocce-.qe. KoHeqHo. Fre oH coBepuraeT 3To ÀRH;i ieHrrecr.pbtrt tÈ tqxe..rr,rù Nra\oBrIK ucnoxb3\'e' f crr-rn' , Bo3-HHKarorrl\ro TofJa. KofÀa ÀeNloHCTpaTop u.rrrr noBapnOBOpeqrIBaIOT Tfllie.rl\'Io p\n{K\'. KOTOpaq Ha }{eTl)IBil-cT peN{eHb Ha o6op\ÀoBllHHbrù xpanoBrlNor\, l 6ep2-6aH. Ovenr.r.1Ho, <N,Ia.rIbtLU 6eprpaH' no.rrafeer. r{To oHeIr.rHCTReHHurù. xro npon3Bo.rIHT orv pe6or\: noroMvrrro oH He ro.r lbxo \nbt6acrcf l . Ho raKxe c oqenlrJltoi lfop.locrbro noKeqr.rBaeT ro.rroRoù H3 cTopoHr,r B cTo-porl\', Bperqas cBolo rreneHbK\'lo p\ïoqrx\. Korga urr6r,r;rrr ;1etr,ltu. To Hcci\Iorpq Ha ro, r{To BriJe.rl.r. KeKrrerx oTer] 3anYCKaeT i\rexaHH3M r,r cHrJivlaeT 6o,'tlun,top\KoqTK\: KOTOpOH rrpnBOÀHT efo B ÂtsnxeHr''re. Hair\IJOCTaBJ'rq.rro \Àotso.rrbcTBrle À\'NIeTb, rlTo BepTe-rr Bpa-ulaeT Hr{eHHo 3TOT napeHeK. A He qTO efo npiltro.lH'r'R lIRrTr+.eHrre qTo-To e ule. I{poHHq 3a}crrroqxeTcq 3.1ecbB TOlr. qTo. xoTr Âe.i iefrrpoBaHue ÀeircTRrr.q r\rexaHH3-i\lalr HarlexeHo Hrl To. qTo6br cÀenaTrr HeH\)riHblM qe-

.rroBeKa. Bparlarcil{efo llepren, ca}I }{exaHu3t\l VKpa-urerr ilocTorHHo SKCnrvaTHpVeMbrxr |IepcoHllr]ieNr.(pa6OTArOUlHn' Becb ÀeHb HenponeT.

Xorq s'r:t HCTopHfl c qe.rroBer{Korr. BpauraK)u{Hr.{Bepre-l. npeÀcraBxrer co6ori cn\qaù. nporrrBono-.roxHHir nprrNlepv C AoBoAqrrKoNl ABepH. ec-ryrr roBo-plrrb o Qirnpaqrtr (ÀosoÀ.rLrr Ha ÀBeprr BoBCe He HA-noNrldHeeT ruBeùuapt. uo n gericrnHTe-rrbHocrrr .le"qe-e'f r\' ;{ie carr\'() pa6oT\: Tofrla KeK <Nta.rrbrur BeprpaH"

4

I

6 P I O H O , ' I A T Y P f À E H E X O C T A K ) I ] , I A ' I N l A C C A i

I lbrr.r.qJHT KaK caj\rbri l HacToquurl noBapeHoK. HO Hacalrol l Àe.rre coBeprueHFro r l l lccf iBeH), o6a 3Trr VCT-por:rcrBa npeJcTaB.r-qlo'r co6où BCe xie ÀBâ cxoÂHbrxc,r\aies. ecnrr rotsopnTb o ,'Ie.rrefHpoBllHlrr (eaM 60.'rs-Ixe r{e H\7{Ho 3aKpbrlraTb ÀBepb. r.r noBap 6o,'roueHe JO.r/Kelr BparullTb Bepren). ÀBTop npoH3BeÀeHlrrr(enunciator) - c.rroBocor{eraHHe, 0603Heqercuree3Àecb KaK aBTOpa TeKCTa. TaK Ll IVICXaHIJKOB, KO'I'Opbler.r3o6pe-qrr BepTe.rI. - Bo]'IeH [oMecTrrTb, a BoJ']eH H IlenorreullTb penpe3eHTlrlrrK) ce6r clNlofo r4.rrH cearflcllNrorl B CrieHaprlir (rrIeT nH peqb o TeKCTax r.rJrrl ]\1e-xaHH3}lex). oNla-r l l rru BeprpaH' - 3TO ÂenefupoBaH-Har BepcHq Tofo. KTo oTBeqaeT 3a MexaHfi3r,I. 3TO Taxe caxrlq onepallrr.q, KoTop\ro fl coBepulen. ÀenatBHg. qT'.O aBTOp 3TOrl CT',.lTbrr sBJ'rqeTCq NleTepbil\l 1-ex-HO.qOfONr (TOrÀa KaK H2 C21i!rOr\1 Àe.rre .q [pOCTOir CO-rlHo.rrof, qTo fl Bnqel'cg Bl'opoù .rro Ne.T l r 3:l uil cir Tcr\c r il.cro.rrb ;+.e HeBepHoù. K:lK H IIepBar. nocKo.'rr,nr n .-Icir-cTBrJTe.rrbHocTrJ fl tIpocToir (trr.rocr-r(r...). Ec-rrr r ro-tsopro <i\ lbt. TexHo.qofl t ' . g c ' foir xc oqetsuJHocTbKl[peÂ.re|rro onpeÀe"qeHHoe H3o6pexeHHe aBTopaTeKCTa, KaK eCxH 6U l,rrr \.fBepÀHnrr (iuanbrna 6ep-TpaHa) B KaqecTBe aBTopa Bceù cueHbr. Ho À,rs r,reHqH ,f-rrfl rle\lHlzxoe 6ur:ro (-rr,r soenoxHbrNl H He fro}le-ul,:l.r'b HilKaKofo q)rrnpaTnBHofo nel)coH:rxa B Keqc-cTBe aBTOpa B CrleHapHu Ha[rHx cueHaprrcB (cc- ' l ]1HCnO, ' Ib3OBaTb XapfOH CCr\{HOTI, IKH. TO \ IO;Àt i ( ) CKl-

3aTb. q1'O 3l lecb OTC\- |CTBVeT t I : lp [ ) : lT, ,p ) \ J l l ( I i . l . l ( ]

6u t . I l o r o . , I lKo B ] I ecTO T ( ) f ( ) . q l r ) ( i hJ l I i l l ( . i l r ' , , l I t ( n i r l r

f o . qHu l ( ( . q ' ) . cK : t : t e t ' r , 9TO- ro r l l ) ( ) - 11 ' I I c - t . lB r i l r t ' r r t

c,[e.qoBlHrI-q B coIIlIO.'lol l lr r ]JlVKu fI( )lil l.i;I.' i l r. Lil f)...,.

e } IexaHHKI, I ÀO.r l i i ( I Ib l f i t , t - ' t t t f i r , t l r [ ruL f ' ) -Hl tnpoc' l o

\'6paTb (i\Ia.rrb[rll Eep'rpauao n ocTlBrrfL, pe6oT:lTb

TO!'I b Ko .rr I1 tlr b npe KpaCH ble KOJ'Ie H q aTble tsax bI. 3\'6 LU]I.

xpanoBlrKr, l r I Ko.r lecî .

D , . - - , . , , , . -raJ.' l l lel lr ÀlcÀJ\ .,IK)ÀblIH n FIeqe,rIOBeKaN{H. B{)-

N"TIOUICTIHbI}IH I.I P23BON,TIOU{CHHbIN{H H1IBbIKIIN{U. NCP-

coHr{(prl Kxll[Ielt n < Nre\aHl.I3:u]i leù " rr R-rItIOTCtr r\Ie Hee

rlHTepecHbr\1r.r. qei\1 Rc.q uenorrKa. no KoToporl pec-npeÀe.n.qloTcs KolrneTeHur.lH i{ ÀericTB}rq. Ha[pHMep,HA ;'IFI9X q nprITOpN{O3lLT Hll aBTOCTpAÂe. IOTO,'v{\'9TO\BrrÂen nxpHfl B i(e.rrTo\I KocTror\re u KpacFror{ rrrJ'rer\re.KOTOpblrl rllxarr KIlacHbrNl Q,\a)KKOM. ler.rxeHllx nap-Hr 6brnri TaKHMH pe3}IepeHHbrN{u. \recTo. t ; le OH Ht-xoÀHnct. 6r'r,ro raxurr o[acHF,IN,t, a \'.r]br6arcu{eecr .rrt-LIO TIIKHM 6,UegUtt,tr, qTO. npoe3)na-s MHNIO. r{ noH-q.r.qTo STCJ - r.rexaHrrqecKoe Ycl'poùcTtso (KaK cKî.l3-'r rir,r

5

, I } I S E P A I I b H ( l E

KOfHr.r'r'HBHCT. OH He npolue.ri TCCT'I'brupnHfa). Àeirc-rnpoBaHbr 6r'r,rrr He roJrbKo xpacHurù Q,raxox lr HeTonbKo p\xa, pe3N{axnBeiouar Q,raxxou, Ho H callo-N{\' ilrexaHH3N,n'6u.q taxxe npHÀaH te"qecuurù o6,rnx.N{ur, gopoxHbre nHxeHepi,r (slrgure'i fl Mon'cÀenarb3TO eul,e pa3 H Co3ilarr) eule oÀHofo aBTopa), \lof.rrH6rr npo4nun\'Tbcn ropa3Ào Àa,rrbrue no n\"rn Qnnpa-UHrr, xor.fl elo r.r o6oru.rrocu 6ur HeÂeueBo: Mbr Mor.rrn6ri Ha4erurr ero/ee (oc'r'opoxno! suxaxorl cexcverrb-Hori gucxpnMr.r Haurlu po6oron) oneKTpoHHrrr\rn rJ'r1r-garrr.r. qro6ur NraxATb Q"raxxoltt ronr,Ko rofÀa, KofÂanpn6,rnxaercs asrorro6n.rb. H orpen'nupoBarb 3THÀBlr;+ter{Ht rax. .r'ro6br oHn cr:tHoBlr,rnco 6r'tcrpee, ec-nr{ âBToMo6Hnb He noÀqnHreTcfl, H Mbr TaK)Ke }rofJrH6u 4o6aeHrb K 3ToM\'- noqer.{\ '6rr ner? - pa3'b-q-peHnuli B3r,{rÀ n \'3Hatsaelroe .ltr,ruo, HaroMlrHarorunefocnolxv T3T.{ep HnH rtpe3nIeHra Mnrreparra - qro.

KoHeqHo, fltsrrcrcr oveHs aQQeKTHBHsTÀ.I cpeÀcrtso\{3acraBnTb ooÀr.rreneù c6poclrrb cKopocrb. Ho irrlrTâK)ri€ rlol,rlrr 6rr noùrn H no Àp\ToNr\'il\"rn, no n\-THIreHee cpnf\parutsHoro ÀenerapoBaHl{r: Qna;r(oK r,rcerr no ce6e Nlor 6rr eL,rno,'rHq'l'b 3rv pa6or\: la u za-qeM 3l'or Qraxon? flo.reMr: Hanprr\.rep. He nocreBnrb3HaK <BeÀ\"r'Cr{ ÀOpO/KHbre pa6oft,roi H sa.{eÀ4 soo6uleeror sHar? Bogrrre,rn. ec,ryrl oHH ocMorpuTe,ïbHbr. Àtr-crlHIIn r,rHripoBeHH br H ocTopoxHbr. cx}llr \tsr,rÂ_rrT. qTo

tseÂ\"Tcr pa6orbr. n c6asqr cKopocrb. B gasnctrMocrnc]'TO|O. rÀC r'{br HaxoÂn}rcr Hil 3Tor{ rleiloqKe ÀexelH-poBnH ur. ùr br no.T\a{aelr -'rn6o r-[lrccnr{ecxHe rlopanb-HO OTBeTCTBeHHbTe C\ïleCTBe. HaÂeleHHbre q\BCTBO\I

co6c'rBeHHoro ÀocroHHCTea, cnoco6Hr,re roBoprJTb HnoÀqnHrrbcr 3aKoHeN{. "qn6o Hcno,'rHure"rrrHore u ecp-cperrHoHure vcrpoùcrBa rJ NrexaHr.J3rllbrr a fÀe-To [occ-peÂHHe ùreig\'ÂB\rM.q 3ThMH nplrùHocrnlrlr i\rbr noJn.qaeM o6rrqrr)'ro B;'ltcrb 3HaxoB rI clr\{Bo,rroB. I,lnennoBCq Ueflb rlenrrKoM coc'r'ats.rueT HeÂoc'faroq\ï) Nlacc\:: l He KlKoe-.ru6o n3 ee Kt): l i rHHx 3BeHbcR.

T 7. OT HEIIEIOBEKOBK CBEPXI{EJIOBEKAM

3 [ E C b TïTïï::il^"::i:]::;:ff.îxoroporr-r MoxeN,r H3B.rreqb H3 o6'brrBneHHr, rrorueilIerr-Horo Har ÀBeprJ B ,rla Bru,rerr: nroÀH Heocr\lorprlTenb-Hbr. HeÀr,rcun[nr4Hr]poBeHHbr r,r HeocToponGbr, r.r oco-6eHHo QpaHuvscrr.ie BoÀr,rrenn. Koropbre Ào)r(&'rriBbrNIBOCKpCCHbTM vTpOM Bbrxir.rN,raroT Ha aBTocTpaAe 180ru{,qON{eTpOB B qac. npH Tolvl qTO OrpaHLIqeHHe CKOpo-c'111 - 130 xuirouerpoB ts qac (a cneqna-nuHo or\re-

HACITE IT4E

qarc \'craHoB.,rcFrHuù npatsH,rraMn npeÀen s eroù crt-'r'be. noToNl\'qTo 3To CÂHHCTBeHHOe }IeCTO. rÀe BbI NlO-xie'fe vBnÀeTb efo HaneqaraHHbrN,r qepHbrNl no 6e,ro-n\': noxo)I(e, qTo oonbule Ào STOfo HI4KOMV HeT .qene,Kpox{e poÀc-rBeHHr.rxoB Tex. rro noru6 Ha floporax). Borou n cocrorrr c\"Tr, Harrrefo o6'brB.rreHufl: oflonogvnx6acn'er. pagH 6ora. 3arpbrBaùT'e ÀBepH'. B Harunx o6-ulecTtsax c\-rLIecTByroT'ÀBe cHCTeMbI, K KOTOpbIM MOx(-HO ane,'LqnpOBaTb: Her{e"rlOBeqeCKag H CBepXqe"rIOBeqe-cKaq. 'r'o ecrb NlexaHH3Mr)r H 60rn. 3ro o6b.qBneHhenoKa3brBaeT. lo xaxoù c'r'eneHH oTrra.q,'IHcb ero os-q6-rrlHe arroHHN{Hbre ailropbl (MHe raK Ir He \Â&rlocb BbI-qCH},I '] 'b. KTO OHI-I. H i lOT{THTb TtX TAK. KAK OHH TO|O 3A-

c,mrxnrarcr). CHa.Iara oHn no,rlafa,tucb Ha Mopartl,-Hbre npuHuunbt r.1 3ÂpaBbIù cr,tttc,r, npucvquù ,rn-

Â-{M; OÀHaKO H3 3TO|O HLIqerO He BbIlIl'-IO, ÂBepb BCe-fÀa ocTaBarracb oTKpbrToù. TorÀa oult o6parHJ'Ilrcb KTON,I\., qTO NrbI. TeXHO.rIOfU, CqHTaeNr CaN{Où BbICUeùHHCTaHTIHeÈ, K KaKOù TOJ'IbKO MOIKHO anennlIpoBaTb,ro ecrb K Her{eJ'ioBeKV, roropuù 6ecnepe6oùuo a eQ-

Qer<rnnuo Àenaer pa6orv BMecro HeHaÀe)KHbIx xrc-

ÀeH; K HalxeNiv CTbI,4\', MbI ÀODKHbI npH3HaTb, r{TO qe-

pe3 HeKoropoe BpeMJr r.r oH He onpeBÂa-q oxuÀaHHù,ÂBepb OnflTb pacnaxHwa HaCTe)IG,. Hacxo,rlxo nocne-

ÀoBerenbHo JtsHraercq MbIc,'Ib aBTopoB eroro o6t-qe-,reunsl Ona eepm,rHCb K caMoM)'ÀpeBHeMV Ir Hefipe-rcrIoHHONIv aner'r,'rrrlHoHHoMv c\A\l roropltù TorbKo6rl'r, ect, a 6rÀer. Ec,rh qe,'roeeK I,I HeqenoBeK noÂBe-,rn. lo Eor. KoHeqFro, rrurorÂa He o6lraHer Hx HaÀe)KI.MHe cmçl,Ho roBopr.rrb 3To, Ho. KorÀa fl TeM poKoBbtM

Qeepa,'rlcxull ÀHeM rrpoxoÀHn r{epe3 xonn, geepo 6rt-na oTKpbrra... Ho ue BHHHTe B sTolu Eora, oegl o6t'fl8-J'reHr4e ue o6paqa"rocb HenocpeÀcrtseHHo K HeNI\'(q3Halo, qro rr Âo.rDKeH 6rr,r Ao6aeuru <x Heùo B IrHTepe-cax vcTaHotsireHn-q paBHo[paBr]r, Ho He \-BepeH, KllKorpeafr.rpoBarrn 6u Ha oro reor-rofn)l Eor uegocnreH6es nocpegHr.rKoB. aHoHr,rNrHbre aBTopbI xoporxo 3Ha-.rIH cRoli KarexH3HC, noarol\tv BMecro roro, .{ro6uI

npocHTb o HenocpeÂcrBeHHoN{ .{}Âe (.{To6br EofCarr/Caua Àepxarr ÂBepb [norHo sarplrroù vnr4 c[\e-.rrar'r 3To npH nocpeÂHHqecrBe AHfena. KaK To rlpollc-xO;lll-{O B HeCKOnbKHX CJr\alaqx, HanpHMep KOfÀa ano-cro,r flaee,'r 6u,r oceo6oxç4eH H3 TXlpbMbI), oHH B3bI-tsaroT K noqHTaHHro Eora e qe,'roBer{ecru{x cepÀrlax. B3r'ou H cocroq,'ra ax oun6ra. B Haurn ceK\.nqpHbleBpeilleHa 3Tofo \xe HeÀocTllToqHo.

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1 Ldtour B. A Relarivisr .{ccount of Einstein's Rehti\.it\' //' Socialf Studie. o[Scie nce. 1988. \ 'ol . 18. P .3--+5.

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Ilepeectô c auz t t r [t c xr t o I I r u r t t Lt t t r,l I ( ) I I t t t ] t ( ) lt

Ql Latour B. Ho$ ro U rite The Prince for Machines as V'ell as forO Machinarion\ // Brian Eltiot (ed.). 'l 'echnologv and SocialChange. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Universitv Press, 1988.

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