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May 5, 2006academic misconduct
1
Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina Introdução à Introdução à
MedicinaMedicina
GuidingGuiding Professor: Professor:
Dra. Cristina SantosDra. Cristina Santos
Work done by:
Class 5Class 5 Valente AL Peixoto A Torres B
Costa BA Ferreira BF Mesquita BF
Santos BM Santos CF Alves CM
Oliveira CM Costa CM Guerreiro C
Ponte C Silva DJ
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Medical students’ attitudes Medical students’ attitudes and reported behaviour on and reported behaviour on
academic misconductacademic misconduct
ResearchResearch WorkWork
Third Presentation – April 24, 2006Third Presentation – April 24, 2006
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
IntroductionIntroduction
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
HonestyHonesty
IntegrityIntegrity
ProfessionalismProfessionalism
www.impensadejacutinga.com
www.chirec.be
lists.w3.org
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Other WorksOther Works
At Dundee University Medical School an anonymous questionnaire revealed that medical students could tell right from wrong, but also that their behaviour was not what they considered right (S C Rennie and J R Crosby; Differences in medical students’ attitudes behaviour across the years; 2002).
The observation of american medical students by Sierles F et al reported that 58% of the students had
copied during exams (Sierles F, Hendrickx I, Circle S; Cheating at medical school; J Med Educ 1980 ;55:124- 125).
And what about Porto’s students??
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
ObjectivesObjectives
Analyse the attitudes and reported Analyse the attitudes and reported behaviour of medical students of behaviour of medical students of
“Universidade do Porto”,“Universidade do Porto”,
““Tomorrow’s Doctors”Tomorrow’s Doctors”
Analyse the attitudes and reported behaviour of Porto’s nursing students in comparison with
medical students’.
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
PARTICIPANTSPARTICIPANTS&&
METHODSMETHODS
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Target population: Porto's medical and nursing students.
Samples:
SamplingSampling
Medicine
Nursing
FMUP
ICBAS
49 / 256 1st yr students
34 / 206 3rd yr students
22 / 185 6th yr students
33 / 154 1st yr students
40 / 150 3rd yr students
20 / 115 6th yr students
39 1st yr students
40 3rd yr students
24 4th yr students
105 Students(out of 1316)
93 Students(out of 850)
105 Students(out of ?)
ESEnfSJ
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
SamplingSampling
The size of the sample (n) was calculated according to the formula:
amplitude
n
PP
14
The amplitude of our work is 20% and the proportion (P) is 50%
“n” is equal to 100 The confidence interval is 95%
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Random group sample• The units we inquired were classes
• Classes were randomly chosen (SPSS)
1st Year 3th Year “Seniors”
FMUP Class 4; 10; 17; 19 Class 8; 12; 15 Class 9; 16
ICBAS Class 5; 9; 15 Class 8; 13 Class 2; 10
ESEnfSJ Class c; d; f; j Class c; e Class a; d
SamplingSampling
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Data Gathering InstrumentsData Gathering Instruments
Our questionnaire is a translation and adaptation of one made by students and professors from Dundee University Medical School (Rennie SC, Crosby JR; Are ´´ tomorrow doctors`` honest? Questionnaire study exploring medical students´ attitudes and reported behaviour on academic misconduct).
The survey was made in the three faculties, to randomly chosen classes.
FMUP - From the 6th to the 10th of February 2006
ICBAS and ESEnf S.J. – From the 7th to the 20th of February
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicinaData Gathering Data Gathering
InstrumentsInstruments
Information will be collected using two questionnaires:
for Boys
for Girls
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
The Dundee University Medical School questionnaire is composed of 14 different situations. Each student should answer: yes, no or not sure.
In order to adapt the questionnaire to the target population, it was translated. New situations were added and some questions were reformulated.
QuestionnaireQuestionnaire (Model)
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Pre-TestPre-Test
Lowering the probability of occurring systematic and random errors.
Took part in the pre-test:
FMUP: 20+20 students
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Changes:
Situations and questions were reformulated (eg.: situation 19 and question III)
New situations about drinking and going out at night were added.
It was not asked what kind of punishment should be used in each situation.
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicinaQuestionnaires Questionnaires
(definitive)(definitive)
Joana’s questionnaire (girls’)
João’s questionnaire (boys’)
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
To try to measure the honesty of the students who answered the questionnaire, one last question was added:
“How honest were you answering the . questionnaire?”
Possible answerers varied from 0 to 10(0=Totally dishonest ; 10=Totally honest)
This idea only appeared later during the project, so only the last few students answered this question
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicinaDataData Processing Processing
MethodsMethods
Collected data was inserted in SPSSSPSS
A table was formatted to this specific task
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Statistical Analysis:Statistical Analysis:
Frequency tables
Chi-Square
Syntax
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Situation 3/4/9
Situation 10/11
Situation 15/16/17/18
Situation 13/14
Analysis Project
Skipping lessons
Professional integrity
Cheating
Situation 1/2/5/6/7/8
Plagiarism
Going out at night
Alcohol related issues
Next morning tiredness
Situation 12/19
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
CheatingCheating
Dundee results:
Most students disagree with cheating, but many would still do it
Dundee students report more honesty when it comes to cheating
Dundee students report more honesty when it comes to copying another student’s work
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Only half of the students who disagree with cheating would in fact not do it
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Cheating: Differences between Faculties
Copying answers in exams
0
10
20
30
40
50
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
FMUP
ICBAS
ESEnfSJ
Copying another student’s work
0102030405060708090
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
FMUP
ICBAS
ESEnfSJ
Data Table
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Cheating: Differences between Gender
Copying answers in the exam
0
10
20
30
40
50
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
Male
Female
Copying another student’s work
0
20
40
60
80
100
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
Male
Female
Data Table
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Cheating: Differences between Year
Copying answers in exams
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
1st Year
3rd Year
Last Year
Copying another student's work
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
1st Year
3rd Year
Last Year
Data Table
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
PlagiarismPlagiarism
Dundee results:
Most students would not engage in such behaviourDundee students are more eager to practise plagiarism
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Plagiarism: Differences between Faculties
Copying texts form books/magazines and only referencing them
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
FMUP
ICBAS
ESEnfSJ
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Plagiarism: Differences between gender
Copying texts form books/magazines and only referencing them
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
Male
Female
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Plagiarism: Differences between Year
Copying texts form books/magazines and only referencing them
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
1st Year
3rd Year
Last Year
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Skipping lessonsSkipping lessons
Students agree with skipping theoretical lessons
Skipping theoretical lessons is common
practice among students
The opposite happens when it is asked about obligatory presence
lessons
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Skipping lessons : Differences between Faculties
Skipping theoretical lessons (without required presence) without motive.
0
20
40
60
80
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
FMUP
ICBAS
ESEnfSJ
Skipping lessons of obligatory presence without motive.
01020304050607080
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
FMUP
ICBAS
ESEnfSJ
Data Table
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Skipping lessons : Differences between Gender
Missed theoretical lessons (without required presence) without motive.
010
2030
4050
6070
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
Male
Female
Missing lessons of obligatory presence without motive
010
2030
4050
6070
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
Male
Female
Data Table
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Skipping lessons : Differences between Years
Skipping theoretical lessons (without required presence) without motive
01020304050607080
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
1st Year
3rd Year
Last Year
Skipping lessons of obligatory presence without motive
010
2030
4050
6070
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
1st Year
3rd Year
Last Year
Data Table
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Going out at nightGoing out at night
For most students it is OK to go out at night with lessons the following morning
Nonetheless, they would not drink too much
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Going out at night: Differences between Faculties
Going out at night with lessons in the next morning
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
FMUP
ICBAS
ESEnfSJ
Getting drunk at a party, with lessons in the following morning
01020304050607080
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
FMUP
ICBAS
ESEnfSJ
Data Table
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Going out at night: Differences between Gender
Going out at night with lessons in the next morning
010
2030
4050
6070
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
Male
Female
Getting drunk at a party, with lessons in the following morning
01020304050607080
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
Male
Female
Data Table
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Professional IntegrityProfessional Integrity
Dundee results:
Students would not engage in misconducts
Dundee students do not seem to praise professional integrity as much as Porto’s
May 5, 2006academic misconduct
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Professional integrity: Differences between Years
Describing the situation of a patient to other person, without the patient’s consent
01020304050607080
Would do it Would not do it Might do it
1st Year
3rd Year
Last Year
Data Table
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicinaThe honesty of Students’ The honesty of Students’
answersanswers
Scale from 0 (totally dishonest) to 10 (totally honest)
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Introdução à Introdução à MedicinaMedicina
Main conclusionsMain conclusions
If given the chance, Porto’s heath students will copy.
Students’ behaviour is not praiseworthy when it comes to conciliate lessons with going out at night, in detriment of lessons.
Male students seem to be slightly more dishonest.
When it comes to professional integrity, there is no reason to worry about the “Doctors of tomorrow”.