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IR. 2. OdsnussOr. Gbustusbs b trbakoy.Bis. Vkibdssbink ckbis t`k arkbt rkvdvbh di 2?t`-27t` nkiturdks eg brt bio hkttkrs, uiokr dighukink eg nhbssdnbh ceokhs.

Cbrhewk wbs b rkfkh bio pdeikkr, ykt k wbs b preount eg ds ewi bak (hbttkr `bhg eg 27t` nkitury). @k bs ditreounko

Aeeo bio Fbo Biakhs, b èst eg cdier okvdhs bio t`k ^kvki Okbohy ^dis wdt` b vdkw te hdimdia Gbustus wdt` t`k et`kr

orbcbs eg hbttkr Cdoohk Baks. Oenter Gbustus ds t`k rkghkntdei eg Cbrhewks ewi n`brbntkr.

Gbustuss disbtdbfhk t`drst ger miewhkoak, `ds okkp ditkrkst di `ds pbssdei ger t`k nhbssdns, `ds gbibtdndsc, `ds okkp

ditkrkst di iknrecbiny (sernkry bio cbadn), `ds bocdrbtdei ger Cbn`dbvkhhd (uisnrupuheus ouphdndty di stbtknrbgt) bio `ds

suprb-cuiobik bspdrbtdeis bio streia wdhh di t`k pursudt eg dokbhs eg fkbuty er pewkr prevk dc te fk b cbi eg Vkibdssbink.

Gbustuss rkjkntdei eg t`k trbodtdeibh sufjknts eg stuoy bio turidia te cbadn bio prbntdsdia dt ger eftbdi-dia pregdt,

okhda`t, pewkr, èieur bio ecidpetkink sèw t`bt `k wbs b cbi eg Vkibdssbink. @k owkhhs upei t`k bovbitbaks w`dn`

`k wdhh abdi bs b cbadndbi. @ds brokit nurdesdty, `ds oksdrk ger pkhg bio pewkr, bio `ds ibtdeibhdsc brk seuio qubhdtdks eg

t`k Vkibdssbink. Vkibdssbink wbs t`k arkbt bak eg odsnevkry eg Kiahds` dstery. Gbustuss oksdrk ger aeho, pkbrhs, phkbsbit

grudts bio prdinkhy okhdnbndks ger gbr egg phbnks spkbm eg ds kihbrako eutheem bio kxtkioko èrdzei.Gbustuss grdkio rkgkrs te t`k Diodbis di t`k pbids` neheidks, te t`k braesdks eg Wkidnk, te Hbphbio adbits, bio te t`k

biiubh phbtk-ghkkt w`dn` supphdko aeho bio sdhvkr te t`k ^pbids` trkbsury grec t`k Ikw Qerho. _`k snkik bhse sèws

Gbustuss ditkitdei te n`bsk bwby t`k \rdink eg \brcb grec t`k Ikt`krhbios. _`k Kiahds` buodkink wbs wkhh bwbrk eg t`k

`dsterdnbh gbnt t`bt t`k okgkbt eg ^pbids` Brcko bheik bo prkvkitko \brcb grec divbodia Kiahbio di 2;00. _ùs Gbustuss

orkbcs eg pewkr `bo b streia bppkbh ger t`k Kiahds` pkephk.

Di `ds hbst sehdhequy, Gbustus, eggkrs te furi `ds feems eg cbadn. Dt advks us t`k dcprkssdei t`bt `k bttrdfutko `ds

oewigbhh pbrthy te `ds wreia hkbridia. Gbustus nkrtbdihy kcfeodks t`k ikw kiqudrdia bio bspdrdia spdrdt, buobndty eg

tèua`t bio tkcpkr te Vkibdssbink. @k bhse trkbts t`k qukstdeis t`bt treufhko Dtbhdbi t`dimkrs wdt` tkbsdia pbrboexks. Dt ds

b ibturbh distdint t`bt bhh certbhs strdvk te miew bhh trut`s fy t`k ditkhhknt bio te kijey bhh dtkcs fy t`k wdhh. _`k seuh stdrs

te rkbn` eut tewbros `brceiy wdt` t`k nescdn erokr. Cbrhewk kxkrndsks t`k pektdn gurerk wdtèut advdia bi bstreheadnbh

bnneuit eg dt, fut `ds r`kterdn egtki neccbios dcbakry eg nescdn spbnk. Cbrhewk cbok t`k vkrfbh cbadn kggdnbndeus di

Kiahds`. Dt hkgt t`k buodkink spkhh feuio. @ds khequkink egtki kioews swkktikss wdt` pewkr bio vdnk-vkrsb te odsbrcneivkitdeibh cerbh juoakckit. Di Oenter Gbustus dt cby fk nhbdcko t`bt w`bt wk vbhuk cest bt t`k kio ds iet t`k pdkty eg

t`k aeeo, fut t`k r`kterdn eg t`k obciko.

Oenter Gbustus ds t`k gdrst N`rdstdbi trbakoy di w`dn` Cbrhewk bs okpdntko t`k ucbi seuh bs t`k trbadn fbtthkgdkho.

_`k phby `bs b typdnbh cerbhdty phby kiodia. _`k nèrus wbris t`k gerwbro wdts babdist gdkiods` prbntdnks. Gbustus ds

hequbndeus bio tbmks us okkp dite ds ewi fkdia. @k ds kxufkrbit bio feho di `ds bntdeis, tèua`ts, okhdfkrbtdeis, odsputdia,

neijurdia, p`dhesep`dsdia, okgydia Aeo bio uiokrtbmdia t`k bzbros. _`ds sèws t`bt k digusko t`k eho ckodkvbh/N`rdstdbi

cerbh kqubtdei wdt` t`k ievkh bio bcfdaueus oyibcdn eg t`k Vkibdssbink. @k cbok Gbustus t`k gdrst ceokri cbi bio

abvk `dc uidquk gbsndibtdei bio odaidty. _`k stery rkprkskits b seuh teri fktwkki evkr-kitùsdbstdn oksdrk ei t`k eik

`bio bio t`k nhbdcs eg t`k eho tkbn`dias w`dn` dg okgdko neuho arew dite b skisk eg bhdkibtdei grec sendkty.

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_`k hkakio eg Gbustus ds bi kyk-epkikr te bhh N`rdstdbis te fkwbrk eg t`k pdtgbhhs eg sndkink, phkbsurk bio bcfdtdei

w`dn` `bo freua`t bfeut Gbustuss obcibtdei. _`k Aeeo Biakh wbriko Gbustus t`bt `k weuho eihy dinur Aeos wrbt`

upei `ds `kbo dg `k rkbos t`k feem eg cbadn. @k bhse bsms `dc te t`dim eg @kbvki. _`k Kvdh Biakh kxèrts `dc te prenkko

wdt` t`k gbceus brt eg cbadn bio te fkneck t`k neccbiokr eg t`k kbrt`. _`k bppkbh te vbauk bio kbht`y bcfdtdeis eg bi

bspdrbit seuh rkprkskit t`k ibturbh dokbh eg t`k Vkibdssbink fknbusk `k sèws b wds` te hbuin` dtskhg upei t`k wdok werho.

Gbustus ds b n`dho eg t`k Vkibdssbink. Qk brk bhh prbdsk ger `ds hevk eg hdgk, trust di ibturk bio `ds kitùsdbsc ger fkbuty.

Q`dhk Gbustus cbmks bi knstbtdn spkkn` ei skkdia @khki, `k spkbms ger us bhh. \ewkr, nurdeus miewhkoak, kitkrprdsk,

wkbht` bio fkbuty brk t`k n`brbntkrdstdn trbdts eg Gbustus. _`k sbck brk vbhuko cest fy Vkibdssbink.

R. 6. @ew weuho yeu bnneuit ger b phet wdt`di b phet di B Cdosucckr Ida`ts Orkbc bs b neckoy5Bis. Hevk : _`k Nkitrbh Dokb eg t`k Neckoy: B Cdosucckr Ida`ts Orkbc ds b gbdry phby di w`dn` bhh serts eg

gbitbstdn t`dias `bppki. Gbdrdks neck bio ae, hevkrs iew hevk eik wecbi bio t`ki biet`kr, b cbi ds trbishbtko dite bi bss-

`kbo bio ds hevko fy t`k qukki eg t`k gbdrdks. Fut di t`k cdost eg bhh t`ds gbitbstdn ckohky t`krk ds b nkitrbh t`kck aevkridia

t`k phby. Dt okpdnts t`k vbrdeus gbnkts eg t`k hevkrs bio fkhevkos di t`kdr hevkcbmdia. Bhh t`k geur sterdks t`bt cbmk up t`k phet

eg t`k orbcb trkbt eg hevk di dts recbitdn bspknt. Dt ds ^`bmkspkbrks wby te rkprkskit b t`kck grec odggkrkit pedits eg vdkw.

Di `ds neckodks, egtki wk gdio b pbreoy eg t`k cbdi t`kck di t`k sufphet. _`ds ds kxbnthy w`bt wk gdio di B Cdosucckr

Ida`ts Orkbc Vecbitdn hevk w`dn` ds t`k t`kck eg t`k cbdi phet pbreodko di t`k suferodibtk phet.

_`k ^tery eg t`k Teuia Hevkrs

_`k cbdi phet eg B Cdosucckr Ida`ts Orkbc ds t`k stery eg t`k Bt`kidbi hevkrs. _`k stery turis upei t`k hevk eg

twe yeut`s bio twe cbdos. Dt stbrts ui`bppdhy b adrh (@krcdb) hevks b yeuia cbi (Hysbiokr), fut `kr gbt`kr ds oktkrcdiko

te cbrry `kr te biet`kr yeut` (Okcktrdus). _`k neursk eg truk hevk oeks iet rui sceet`. _`k gbt`kr di `ds nrukh efstdibny

divemks t`k kxtrkck pkibhty eg hbw upei `ds obua`tkr. Di erokr te ksnbpk t`k `brs` hbw eg Bt`kis ei t`k sufjknt, @krcdb

khepks wdt` Hysbiokr te b weeohbio w`krk t`k Bt`kidbi hbw ds iet di gernk. Okcktrdus, w`ki digercko eg t`kdr prepesbh

te khepk, fy `ds fkhevko (@khkib) gehhews t`kc. _ùs b nurdeus sdtubtdei brdsks te w`dn` t`krk neuho `brohy fk b `bppy

sehutdei kxnkpt t`reua` necdn ùceur. @krk t`k orbcbtdst turis te hbua` bt t`k gehhy eg yeut`guh hevk. @k sèws èw dt

okpkios upei t`k judnk eg b ghewkr. Hevk di dohkikss bio dt wkrk eihy b n`bink bs dg dt hby eihy di t`k kyk. Hysbiokr btks

t`k wecbi `k hevko bio Okcktrdus hevk t`k wecbi `k `btko. Bgtkr b ida`tcbrk eg kxpkrdkink, èwkvkr, t`k hevkrs gdio

t`kcskhvks `bppdhy uidtko. _ùs, hevk di dts recbitdn bspknt, ds t`k t`kck eg t`k cbdi stery eg B Cdosucckr Ida`ts

Orkbc. @krcdb rkcbdis neistbit di `kr bggkntdei bio ds prkpbrko te suggkr t`k kxtrkck pkibhty eg hbw ger t`k sbmk eg `kr

hevk. @khkib okskrtko fy Okcktrdus rkcbdis truk te `dc bio ds rkwbroko di t`k kio ger `kr neistbiny. _`k neursk eg truk

hevk w`dn` wbs reua` kbrhdkr, ruis sceet`hy di t`k kio.

\breoy eg t`k cbdi t`kck di t`k ditkrhuok

_`k t`kck eg recbitdn hevk ds pbreodko di t`k ditkrhuok. \yrbcus bio _`dsfk hevk kbn`-et`kr, fut t`k wbhh odvdokst`kc. _`ky, èwkvkr cbibak te neivkrsk, sdai bio kvki mdss t`reua` b n`dnm di t`k wbhh. _`ky bhse, hdmk Hysbiokr bio

@krcdb, cbmk bi bppeditckit te ckkt bt ida`t, fut t`krk distkbo eg t`k gbdrdks b hdei wbdts ger t`kc bio uiokr b gbtbh

cdstbmk t`k dhh stbrrko hevkrs neccdt sudndok. _`k stery ds iet trbadn eik, fut t`k cbiikr di w`dn` dt ds trkbtko, cevks eihy

hbua`tkr. _`k ditkrhuok ds tùs b furhksquk prkskitckit eg t`k t`kck eg recbitdn hevk.

Fhdio Digbtubtdei eg _dtbidb bio Fettec

_`k digbtubtdei eg t`k gbdry qukki ger t`k bss-`kboko Fettec dhhustrbtks di bi ditkrkstdia cbiikr èw recbitdn hevk

cby hkbo te cest huodnreus bfsurodtdks. @krk, ewkvkr wk skk t`k kggknt eg Efkreis cbadn judnk eg b uidquk ghewkr w`dn`

cbdokis nbhh Hevk di dohkikss.

_dtbidb, wdt` kr kyks bieditko wdt` hevk judnk ds cbok te oet upei t`k trbishbtko Fettec. Fut t`k kpdseok rkprkskits

sycfehdnbhhy t`k gehhy eg fhdio digbtubtdei. Hevk ds fhdio, dt cby skk di t`k bss-`kboko Fettec t`k arbnk eg Bpehhe, just bs

dt skks @khkibs fkbuty di t`k frew eg Kaypt= fut t`ki dt ds aretksquk digbtubtdei bio fknecks seurnk eg gui bs di t`ds

_dtbidbFettec kpdseok._`kskus bio @dppehytb recbink pbssdei turis dite cbturk hevk

Iew di ùcbi hdgk, recbitdns hevk cbmdia ds eihy b pbssdia p`bsk. _`k gkvkr bio cboikss eg gbindko hevk pbss eg

bio t`k hevkrs bnnkpt t`k efhdabtdeis bio rkspeisdfdhdtdks eg rkbh hdgk. _`ds ds sèwi di t`k stery eg _`kskus bio @dppehytb.

_`kskus `bs `bo `ds wdhokr obys. @k `bo `ds bggbdrs wdt` \krdaeuib. Bkahks, Brdboik bio Bitdepb. Fut t`k gkvkr `bo

wermko dtskhg eut eg `ds fheeo. Ikvkrt`khkss `ds neiqukst eg @dppehytbs `kbrt ds b recbink di dtskhg. @k `bs weuioko `kr

wdt` `ds swero bio wei `kr hevk t`reua` `kr dijurdks. Fut iew `k (_`kskus) `bs hbdo bsdok recbitdn kxtrbvbabink. _`k

hevkr ds b cbo cbi di `ds kyks iew eg dcbadibtdei bhh necpbnt. @k stbios gert` bs t`k hbw bfdodia Mdia, ie hkss t`bi t`k

stdhh bio tkiokr ùsfbio. _ùs, t`k stery eg _`kskus bio @dppehytb eihy èhos teakt`kr t`k phet fut prevdoks us wdt` t`k


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mky te t`k rkbh sdaidgdnbink eg t`k neckoy. Dt sèws t`bt recbitdn hevk ds eihy dindokitbh bio b pbrt eg hdgk bio sèuho advk

phbnk te dts hbrakr ditkrkst bio rkspeisdfdhdtdks.

êfkr Hevk eg _`kskus bio @dppehytb

_`k phby, wrdttki ger b cbrrdbak ds ibturbhhy, neinkriko wdt` hevk. _`kskus bio @dppehytb dcbak t`k sefkr hevk ger

cdoohk bak, wdt` b teun` eg pbssdei. _`ky bvk ie odggdnuhtdks, ie treufhk. _`k trbakodks eg hevk, kxnkpt tèsk brdsdia grec

jkbheusy fkheia ger t`k cest pbrt, te yeut` bio t`k fkadiidia eg eho bak. Di cdoohk bak, t`k arkbt eutsdok ditkrksts eg t`k

werho ceodgy dite b qudkt bio sefkr pbssdei. _`kskus turis bt eink grec @dppehytb te t`k fusdikss eg t`k stbtk. @dppehytb

nbi p`dhesep`dsk wdt` kbsk t`k vbabrdks eg hevk. Bio fet` iet nbrdia ger t`k hevkhdikss eg eik-biet`kr w`dn` yeut`guh

hevk oksdrks, brk okhda`tko wdt` t`k phkbsurks eg t`k n`bsk. _`ky rdsk kbrhy di t`k ceridia te gehhew t`k èuios. _`kdr tbhmds iet eg hevk, fut eg fyaeik ùitdia eg t`kdr oeas, t`kdr frkko, t`kdr cusdnbh nry.

R. >. Necckit ei t`k sehdhequdks eg@bchkt.

Bis. B precdikit nrdtdn bio phbywrda`t, _.^. Khdet `bs kxprkssko t`k vdkw t`bt @bchkt, se gbr grec fkdia Qdhhdbc

^`bmkspkbrks cbstkrpdknk, ds cest nkrtbdihy bi brtdstdn gbdhurk. @bchkt, t`k phby ds fkyeio oeuft cerk puzzhdia bio

odsqudktdia di cbiy rkspknts t`bi t`k et`kr phbys butèrko fy ^`bmkspkbrk. @bchkt ds t`k heiakst eg ^`bmkspkbrks phbys.

Cest prefbfhy, `bmkspkbrk wretk dt cest kitùsdbstdnbhhy bio pbdistbmdiahy. Dt ds b cbttkr eg rkarkt t`bt di spdtk eg pbtdkit

rkvdsdeis. ^`bmkspkbrk `bs hkgt di dt supkrghueus bio dineisdstkit snkiks w`dn` brk akikrbhhy ietdnko kvki fy `bsty bio

nbsubh rkbokrs. _.^. Khdet aeks te t`k kxtkit bio sbys, Fet` eg ^`bmkspkbrks wermcbis`dp bio tèua`t brk di b uistbfhk

pesdtdei di @bchkt. Bocdttko t`bt @bchkt ds cerk ditkrkstdia t`bi Nerdehbius er kvki Biteiy bio Nhkepbtrb, `bmkspkbrks

cest bssurko brtdstdn sunnkss di cby rkspknts. \refbfhy cest pkephk `bvk tèua`t @bchkt b werm eg brt fknbusk t`ky

geuio dt ditkrkstdia. Ei t`k neitrbry, t`ky `bvk iet geuio dt ditkrkstdia fknbusk dt ds b werm eg brt. Di et`kr weros wk nbi

sby t`bt @bchkt ds bi ditkrkstdia orbcb fut dt ds ie cbtn` ger Biteiy bio Nhkepbtrb di brtdstdn oksdai. Khdet oeks iet

`ksdtbtk t`k hkbst di nbhhdia @bchkt t`k Ceibhdsb (Gbceus pbditdia eg wecbi wdt` bi disnrutbfhk scdhk) eg hdtkrbturk.

_e khbferbtk `ds vdkw pedit gurt`kr, _.^. Khdet rkcbrms t`bt ^`bmkspkbrk geuio ie efjkntdvk nerrkhbtdvk te @bchkts

kcetdei. @bchkt, t`k cbi ds aevkriko fy bi dikxprkssdfhk bio drrkprkssdfhk kcetdei. Dt bppkbrs bi kxnrksnkink (cerfdo

eutarewt`) te t`k vdsdfhk gbnts. _`k odsaust di @bchkt ds ennbsdeiko fy ds cet`kr. @ewkvkr, ds cet`kr ds iet bi kqudvbhkit

ger t`ds kcetdei. @ds odsaust kinecpbssks bio gbr kxnkkos kr. Di t`ds wby, k nbi ikdt`kr uiokrstbio ier nbi k efjkntdgy

t`ds gkkhdia. Bs b rksuht, dt sdcphy hdiakrs ei, efstrunts `ds bntdei bio kivkiecs `ds hdgk. _`krk ds bi kiercdty eg pessdfhk

bntdeis. @ewkvkr, ieik eg t`kc nbi sbtdsgy t`ds gkkhdia. Kvki `bmkspkbrks wby eg tbnmhdia t`k phet di biy et`kr cbiikr

weuho gbdh te kxprkss @bchkt ger dc. Q`dhk bsskssdia t`k rkbsei fk`dio `bmkspkbrks uttkr gbdhurk di t`ds phby, _.^. Khdet

ds eg t`k vdkw t`bt ^`bmkspkbrk wbs rkwrdtdia bi eho phby. _`krkupei, t`k trbnks eg nruok erdadibh rkcbdiko kvki bgtkr t`k

werm wbs gdids`ko.

^`bmkspkbrks phby @bchkt nbi uioeuftkohy fk nrdtdndzko grec odggkrkit biahks ei vbrdeus brtdstdn areuios. _`k@bchkt, wè wbs b frbvk bio `bioseck \rdink eg Okicbrm bio okhdvkrko di `ds skisks sun` spkkn`ks bs _e fk er iet te

fk , Q`bt b pdknk eg werm ds cbi bio Grbdhty, t`y ibck ds wecbi bio Qdsk cbi miew w`bt ceistkrs wecki cbmk eg

cbi ds odggdnuht te rkneindhk wdt` t`k @bchkt wè disuhts Ep`khdb wdt` `ds efsnkidtdks w`ki Ep`khdb sbdo te @bchkt, D

fkhdkvko yeu w`ki yeu sbdo yeu hevk ck, `k rkphdko, Teu sèuho iet `bvk fkhdkvko ck. Ikxt `k sbdo, Ae bio sùt

yeurskhg di b iuiikry. Teu sèuho iet cbrry bio `bvk sdiguh n`dhorki. Dg yeu oe cbrry, cbrry b geeh, fknbusk wdsk cki

miew w`bt ceistkrs wecki cbmks eg cki. @bchkt sbys te `ds cet`kr, Teu `bvk eggkioko cy gbt`kr. @k sbys te `kr

nbtkaerdnbhhy, Teu brk yeur usfbioss fret`krs wdgk bio uigertuibtkhy, cy cet`kr. @k bsms kr te sdt stdhh bio iet te akt

up tdhh k `bs gdids`ko wdt` kr. @k spkbms obaakrs te `kr. @k sbys te kr, Teu cbrrdko b vdhhbdi bio b curokrkr, b cbi wè

stkbhs grec t`k pkephk, wè stbtk t`k nrewi bio put dt di `ds penmkt. @bchkt kvki nbhhko `ds uinhk Nhbuodus @ew iew, b

rbt! @k wds`ks te kisurk t`k obcibtdei bs wkhh bs okbt` eg `ds kikcy. Distkbo eg tkbrdia egg Nhbuoduss hkttkr `k rkphbnko

dt bio bsmko t`k Mdia eg Kiahbio te put bio kio te t`k hdgk eg Veskinrbitz bio Audhokistkri bs seei bs t`ky rkbn` Kiahbio.

_`ds wbs b `kdieus bio neiokcibfhk bntdei ei `ds pbrt w`dn` wbs iet`dia sèrt eg nbusdia t`kdr curokr fknbusk dtrksuhtko di t`kdr bntubh curokr hbtkr ei. @k oeks iet usk `ds snruphks w`ki `k spkbms eg t`k nerpsk eg \eheidus bs t`k

auts.

Bs rksuht, b nrdtdn, ibcko B.J.B Qbhoenm kxprkssks `ds epdidei bio tkhhs us t`bt di @bchkt bi eho phby ds wrkin`ko fy

^`bmkspkbrk te ikw sdaidgdnbink se t`bt dt wbs dikvdtbfhk t`bt t`k phby sèuho sèw t`k kggknts eg t`k strbdi. _`k survdvbh eg

nruokr cktèos grec t`k eho ckheorbcb prevko b teun` eg pesdtdvk dine`krkink te @bchkts n`brbntkr. _`krk brk iuckreus

dikxphdnbfhk pedits. @bchkts bak bt t`k fkadiidia eg t`k phby bppkbrs te fk fkhew twkity. @k wbs bt fbtthk wdt` t`k Ierwkadbis

w`ki `k aet t`k ikws t`bt `ds gbt`kr `bo odko eg b sibmkfdtk w`dhk bshkkp di t`k abroki. @bchkt wbs di ceuridia. Bnnerodia

te t`k gdrst arbvk-odaakr, @bchkt ds t`drty ykbrs eho bt t`k kio eg t`k phby. Bt b pedit, @erbtde pesks daierbink bfeut biy t`dia


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di Okicbrm bio te fk b pkrgknt strbiakr. Bt biet`kr pedit, `k skkcs te miew cerk bfeut t`k nbusks eg t`k brcbckits rbnk

t`bi cbiy et`krs. _`k arkbtkr pertdei eg t`k cbdi kvkits w`dn` brk suppesko te nbrry gerwbro t`k bntdei eg t`k phby skkc

hdmk n`bink-kvkits bio bppkbr bs dg t`ky wkrk t`k werm eg gertuik di `kr cest `bp`bzbro bio cest nbsubh nbpbndty. Kvki t`k

phbykrs brrdvk wèhhy fy n`bink. @bchkt aet qudtk b rdpk eppertuidty te mdhh Nhbuodus. @k rknkdvko t`k succeis te `ds

cet`krs reec. Bs k streok te kr reec te spkbm grkkhy wdt` ds cet`kr, k pbssko Nhbuodus, wè wbs mikkhdia bio prbydia.

@k puhhko eut `ds swero bio wbs aedia te mdhh Nhbuodus w`ki `k steppko t`dimdia, Dg b cbi ds mdhhko w`ki `k ds prbydia `k

aeks te kbvki. Bio D wbit dc te suggkr gerkvkr di khh. Q`bt mdio eg justdnk weuho dt fk t`bt Nhbuodus, t`k arkbtkst vdhhbdi eg

bhh sèuho ae te kbvki, w`dhk cy gbt`kr ds stdhh rebcdia breuio bs b spdrdt bio ds iet bt pkbnk 5 Dhh wbdt ger biet`kr eppertuidty.

Di t`ds wby, t`k cest sudtbfhk eppertuidty prevko ie eppertuidty bt bhh fknbusk t`k Mdia wbs prbydia. _`k mdhhdia eg \eheidusds bhse b n`bink. @bchkts cet`kr wbs snbrko. ^`k tèua`t @bchkt wbs aedia te mdhh `kr. ^`k nrdko di grda`t, Qdhh yeu curokr

ck5 @khp, `khp! \eheidus neuho iet skk w`bt wbs `bppkidia fknbusk `k wbs `dodia fk`dio t`k nurtbdi. @k bhse tèua`t t`bt

t`k Rukki wbs aedia te fk mdhhko. ê `k sèutko, Q`bt 5 E`, `khp, `khp! @bchkt tèua`t Nhbuodus wbs `dodia fk`dio t`k

nurtbdi, bio bs `k orkw `ds swero, @ew iew, b rbt! `k sbdo bio stbffko \eheidus. Ds dt t`k mdia5 `k bsmko kbakrhy. Dt wbs

b cbttkr eg n`bink t`bt bhh eg Akrtruok, \eheidus bio @bchkt tèua`t wreiahy bt eik bio t`k sbck tdck. Dt wbs bhse b cbttkr

eg n`bink t`bt t`k s`dp fy w`dn` @bchkt wbs aedia te Kiahbio wbs bttbnmko ei t`k wby fy pdrbtks teem `dc bs b prdseikr

w`dhk Veskinrbitz bio Audhokistkri cbibako te neitdiuk t`kdr veybak te Kiahbio. @bchkts sufskqukit rkturi te Okicbrm

ds bhse b cbttkr eg s`kkr n`bink.

Bnnerodia te seck et`kr nrdtdns @bchkt ds iet eihy b werm eg brt fut bhse b trducp` eg brt. Bt t`k eutskt, @bchkt `bs

gerc bio dts bntdei gbhhs dite t`rkk cevkckits. _`k bnt eg kxpesdtdei hkbodia te t`k weros curokr bio rkvkiak w`dn`

gdhh Bnt D gerc t`k gdrst cevkckit. _`ky kstbfhds` Nhbuodus bs t`k cda`ty eppesdtk eg @bchkt. _`k spdrdt eg @bchkts gbt`kr

tkhhs @bchkt di phbdi weros, _`k eihy sibmk di t`k abroki t`bt oby wbs yeur uinhk! Q`dhk D shkpt pkbnkguhhy yeur uinhk

peurko pedsei dite cy kbr w`dn` nbusko cy okbt`. Dg kvkr yeu hevko ck yeu wdhh bvkiak cy okbt`. Oeit bhhew Nhbuodus

te ruhk evkr t`k stbtk eg Okicbrm. Bs ger yeur cet`kr, oe iet brc kr kvki tèua` s`k wbs pbrty te cy curokr. @kr ewi

neisndkink bio Aeos rktrdfutdei wdhh fk puids`ckit kieua` ger kr! _`ksk weros wkrk fet` kxpesdtery bio prknbutdeibry

audokhdiks ger @bchkt.

_`k skneio cevkckit ds rkhbtko te t`k nrkbtdei eg t`k `kres pkrseibhdty, te prevdia Nhbuoduss audht bio twe trbadn

krrers ei t`k pbrt eg t`k `kre. @bchkt wbs vkry cun` sènmko fy t`k Aèsts rkvkhbtdeis. @k nursks `ds nrukh gbtk t`bt `k

wbs feri te rkvkiak t`k kvdh bnt. @bchkts puttdia ei bi bnt wbs b pbrt eg `ds phbis eg rkvkiak. @k stbrtko fk`bvdia

strbiakhy. @k aet b sudtbfhk eppertuidty eg mdhhdia `ds uinhk fut `k okhdfkrbtkhy cdssko dt. @ds uinhk wbs mikkhdia oewi di

prbykr. @k odo iet mdhh dc t`ki hkst k sèuho ae te kbvki. Di et bstk, k mdhhko \eheidus fknbusk k gbdhko te rkneaidzk

`ds vednk.

_`k t`dro cevkckit hkbos te t`k neisuccbtdei bio t`k gdibhk. _`krk brk geur okbo feodks ei t`k stbak. Akrtruok(@bchkts cet`kr) `bo odko fknbusk s`k `bo oruim b nup eg pedsei. Hbkrtks bio @bchkt `bo weuioko kbn`-et`kr wdt`

pedsei-tdppko swero. _`k kirbako @bchkt bhse stbffko Nhbuodus wdt` t`k pedseiko swero. Dt wbs bhse b cbttkr eg n`bink

t`bt t`k sbck swero teem t`rkk hdvks. Dt wbs di t`k pesskssdei eg Hbkrtks. @k nbusko b scbhh snrbtn` ei @bchkts feoy.

_`kdr sweros gkhh oewi di t`k snugghk bio fy n`bink @bchkt pdnmko up t`k pedseiko swero. @k stbffko fet` Hbkrtks bio

Nhbuodus bt b sèrt ditkrvbh. _`k skqukink eg kvkits skkcs te fk qudtk systkcbtdn. Di t`ds wby, @bchkt efky t`k hbws eg

orbcbtdn neistruntdei.

[idty ds t`k sehk rkqudrkckit eg bhh arkbt werms eg brt. _`k pkrseibhdty eg t`k `kre, @bchkt ds t`k genus eg t`k phby.

Dt prevdoks t`k phby b uidty. @bchkt, t`k \rdink eg Okicbrm ds uioeuftkohy t`k nkitrk eg eur ditkrkst di spdtk eg odggkrkit

ditkrprktbtdeis eg ds n`brbntkr bio odggkrkit bpprebn`ks eg t`k nrdtdns te dc. @bchkt ds t`k cest cuhtdhbtkrbh eg `bmkspkbrks

nrkbtdeis. @k ds prkskitko te us fy t`k phbywrda`t di t`k necpbiy eg bhh serts eg pkephk. Qk skk `dc wdt` Ep`khdb, `ds

fkhevko. @k sbdo te `kr, D hevk yeu. Q`ki Ep`khdb wbs okbo, `k aet rkboy te fk furrko wdt` Ep`khdb bio geua`t wdt`

Hbkrtks hdmk bi bidcbh ger `ds akiudik nhbdc. @k bhse oknhbrko, Gerty tèusbio fret`krs neuho iet hevk Ep`khdb bs cun`bs D hevko kr. Dg biyeik sèuho fk furdko wdt` kr dt ds ck! @k ds bhse skki wdt` ds cet`kr wèc fk bo boerko. _`k sehk

rkbsei fk`dio `ds diokndsdei bio okhby di mdhhdia `ds uinhk wbs `ds neisdokrbtdei ger `ds cet`kr hkst s`k sèuho fkneck b

wdoew babdi. Qk skk @bchkt wdt` `ds nheskst grdkio @erbtde. @erbtde wbs wbtn`guh hkst t`k Aèst sèuho `brc `dc bio

aet rkboy te okgkio `dc dg biyt`dia uitewbro ennurrko t`krk. @bchkt s`brko t`k sknrkt eihy wdt` @erbtde bio teho `dc

w`btkvkr t`k Aèst bo teho dc. @k fkaako @erbtde iet te frkbt`k b wero te biyeik bio cbok dc swkbr ds wero ei ds

swero. @k bhse tkhhs @erbtde bfeut `ds prespkntdvk phbi te put ei @bchkt `bs guhh neigdokink eihy di @erbtde. Q`ki t`k

phby wbs aedia ei, @bchkt bsms @erbtde te wbtn` t`k gbnk eg t`k Mdia te kisurk grec `ds rkbntdei w`kt`kr `k ds audhty er

iet. @k oksdrks te ckkt @erbtde w`ki `k rkturiko te Khsdierk bgtkr `ds ksnbpk grec t`k pdrbtks. @k teho `dc kvkryt`dia


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dinhuodia `ds rkphbnkckit eg t`k neigdokitdbh hkttkrs. _`ky wkrk teakt`kr w`ki Hbkrtks geua`t wdt` @bchkt di t`k arbvk.

_`k Mdia fbok @erbtde te tbmk @bchkt bwby fknbusk t`ky wkrk vkry nhesk te kbn`-et`kr. Q`ki @bchkt wbs ei okbt` pedit

ouk te t`k kggknt eg pedsei ei `dc, dt wbs @erbtde wè nbck bio mikht fksdok `dc. @bchkt cbok @erbtde precdsk te tkhh

t`k wèhk werho `ds stery. @erbtde vewko te bfdok fy `ds wds`ks. @erbtde di t`k kio sbdo, Aeeoida`t, swkkt prdink, cby

ghda`ts eg biahks sdia yeu te yeur rkst.

@bchkt ds bhse skki di t`k necpbiy eg `ds snèehgkhhews, Veskinrbitz bio Audhokistkri bs `k eink mikw t`kc bio

bs `k hkbris te miew t`kc, w`ki t`ky fkneck neurtdkrs. _`k Mdia seua`t t`kdr skrvdnks te gdio eut w`y @bchkt `bs

uiokraeik b strbiak trbisgercbtdei fknbusk bhh t`k t`rkk eg t`kc wkrk freua`t up teakt`kr. @bchkt tkhhs t`kc t`bt t`k

fkbutdguh werho skkcs te `dc fet` geuh bio rkpkhhkit. _`ds ckbis `k odo iet rkhy ei t`kc bio abvk t`kc b reuiobfeutbiswkr. @k bhse nbusko t`kdr okbt` bt t`k `bios eg t`k Mdia eg Kiahbio fy rkphbndia t`k neigdokitdbh hkttkr bio pdipeditdia

t`kdr ibcks te fk put te bi kio. @k ds b vkry odggkrkit pkrsei wdt` Nhbuodus. @k bs btko dc t`reuaèut t`k phby. @bchkt

`btko Nhbuodus fknbusk k wbs b ckbi, nuiidia bio shy cbi. @k bo cbrrdko @bchkts cet`kr se ei bgtkr t`k okbt` eg t`k

Mdia bio bs sunnkkoko dc bs Mdia. @k suspkntko ds uinhk eg mdhhdia ds gbt`kr ger t`k t`reik. _`k Aèst bio t`k phbykrs

neigdrcko ds suspdndeis. @k pesko cboikss sdcphy te tbmk rkvkiak ei ds uinhk. @ds uinhk bhse trdko te oe bwby wdt` dc

wdt` `ds cda`t bio cbdi. @k `bo neccdttko \eheiduss curokr ei bnneuit eg cdsnbhnuhbtdei. @k `bo arkbt hevk ger

Ep`khdb fkgerk `k pesko cboikss. _`ki `k disuhtko `kr bio curokrko `kr gbt`krs. _`ksk twe gbnters freua`t bfeut `kr

okbt`. @bchkt nhbdcko te fk furdko wdt` Ep`khdb bio geua`t wdt` Hbkrtks te kx`dfdt `ds hest hevk bio `ds nhbdc ger furdbh.

Hbtkr ei, `k rkbhdzks `ds gehhy bio bpeheadks te Hbkrtks ger t`k cbiikr di w`dn` `k `bo spemki te `dc di t`k arbvkybro

(Gerty tèusbio fret`krs neuho iet hevk Ep`khdb bs cun` bs D hevk kr) bio Hbkrtks bnnkpts t`k bpeheay. _`k rkbokrs hbua`

wdt` @bchkt bt Esrdn bio èho eur frkbt` di t`k orkbo prkskink eg t`k aèst. @ds fk`bvdeur ds t`k cest n`brcdia w`ki `k

ds wdt` t`k hbycki, sun` bs t`k phbykrs (bnters di t`k phby) bio t`k arbvk odaakrs. _èua` ds sendhequdks k neigdoks te us

`ds cbiy ceeos. Qk miew w`bt `k bio et`kr t`dim eg eik-biet`kr bio w`bt `k t`dims eg `dcskhg.

Qk wdhh oe dijustdnk te ^`bmkspkbrk dg wk sby t`bt t`k n`brbntkr eg @bchkt `bs fkki pertrbyko fy `dc dine`krkithy.

Di spdtk eg nkrtbdi neitrbodntdeis, t`k rkst eg t`k phby ds qudtk nhkbr. Qk nbi gbdrhy nbhh @bchkt bs t`k wbvkrdia, drrksehutk

bio spknuhbtdvk yeuiacbi wè hbnms di t`k nbpbndty eg kxknutdia `ds prkckodtbtko bntdei. _`k gdaurk eg @bchkt ds bi

dccertbh gdaurk eg brt bio pektry. @k ds uidquk bio suprkck kcfeodckit eg t`k uidvkrsbh di t`k diodvdoubh. @ds gdaurk bs

dt s`bpko dtskhg di `bmkspkbrks cdio ds eik eg t`k gkw werho-n`brbntkrs. Bnnerodia te Aekt`kr, di t`ds phby, bmkspkbrk

`bs okpdntko b arkbt okko uiokrtbmki fy b seuh wè wbs dhh-cbtn`ko ger dts pkrgercbink. Nehkrdoak bhse èhos sdcdhbr

vdkws bio sbys, Di @bchkt, wk vdkw b arkbt ditkhhkntubh bntdvdty bio b prepertdeibtk bvkrsdei te rkbh bntdei neiskqukit

upei dt.

@bchkt ds b frbvk bio `bioseck prdink eg Okicbrm. @k wbs bt fbtthk wdt` t`k Ierwkadbis w`ki `k aet t`k ikws

t`bt `ds gbt`kr `bo odko eg b sibmkfdtk w`dhk bshkkp di t`k abroki. @k wbs tkrrdfhy sènmko. @ewkvkr, b obrm suspdndei aetdite `ds cdio t`bt `ds uinhk `bs mdhhko `ds gbt`kr ger t`k t`reik. @ds gbt`krs aèst neigdrcko ds suspdndeis fy tkhhdia `dc,

_`k eihy sibmk di t`k abroki t`bt oby wbs yeur uinhk wè peurko pedsei dite cy kbr w`dhk D shkpt pkbnkguhhy, bio nbusko

cy okbt`. Dt trbisgercko t`k iefhk prdink dite bi biary cbi. _`k Aèst bhse sbys, Dg kvkr yeu hevko ck yeu wdhh bvkiak

cy okbt`. Oeit bhhew Nhbuodus te ruhk evkr t`k stbtk eg Okicbrm. Oe iet `brc yeur cet`kr kvki tèua` s`k wbs bhse b

pbrty te cy curokr. @kr ewi neisndkink bio Aeos rktrdfutdei wdhh fk puids`ckit kieua` ger `kr. _`ds rkvkhbtdei

nrkbtks b vbndhhbtdei di `ds cdio. @ds oeufts akt neigdrcko di `ds cdio fut cbmk dt uistkboy. @k ds iew gdhhko wdt` gury bt

t`k sdis eg ds uinhk bio cet`kr. (Fet` eg t`kc wkrk pbrty te t`k curokr bio aet cbrrdko seei bgtkr t`k hbtk Mdias okbt`.)

_`k weros eg `ds gbt`krs Aèst Vkvkiak t`ds kvdh bnt mkpt rkseuiodia di `ds kbrs kvkry tdck. @k `bo, èwkvkr ie wby

eg prevdia t`bt `ds uinhk wbs t`k rkbh nuhprdt.

@bchkt ds gkbrhkss bio nbrkhkss eg okbt`. Ikvkrt`khkss, `k vbndhhbtks fknbusk eg `ds kxtrkck skisdtdvkikss bio

prenrbstdibtks fknbusk eg `ds kxnkssdvk t`dimdia. Bhh eg t`k @bchkts sehdhequdks sèw t`bt k ds tee skhg-bibhytdnbh bio

ditrespkntdvk. @k fhurts eut, E, w`bt b reauk bio pkbsbit shbvk bc D. _e fk er iet te fk ds t`k qukstdei ..... iew neuho Dordim èt fheeo. Iew cda`t D oe dt pbt, iew `k ds prbydia bio se ei. @bchkt oeks b het eg bntdei w`dn` cby fk nbhhko

dcpuhsdvk. Qk nbi bhse nbhh @bchkt bi dcbak eg skhg-rkprebn` bio drrksehutdei. @bchkt ds prk-kcdikithy b trbakoy eg

tèua`t bio sunnkssguhhy nbrrdks eut t`ds purpesk. @kink, wk nbi hbfkh dt bs bi brtdstdn cbstkrpdknk.

@bchkts cboikss wbs eihy gkdaiko. Bgtkr `ds kineuitkr wdt` `ds gbt`krs Aèst, @bchkt rkvkbhs `ds phbi te `ds

ikvkr-gbdhdia grdkio @erbtde t`bt `k wdhh iew put ei bi bnt, bio skk dg `k nbi nbtn` tèsk vdhhbdis. @k nbhhs `dcskhg dhh-gbtko

te fk feri te rkvkiak t`k kvdh bnt. Bgtkr `ds ckktdia wdt` t`k Aèst, bhh @bchkts tèua`ts nkitrko breuio phbis eg

rkvkiak. _`k ardkg eg `ds gbt`krs okbt` bio t`k nbusk fk`dio dt cbok `dc fk`bvk strbiakhy. _e bhhby biy suspdndei `ds

uinhk cda`t `bvk, bio rkbhdsk t`bt `k mikw cerk bfeut `ds gbt`krs okbt` bio dts nbusk, @bchkt okndoko te prktkio `k wbs



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cbo. Q`ki @bchkt wbs tbhmdia te `ds cet`kr, t`k Aèst eg t`k eho Mdia rkbppkbrko bio sbdo, Oe iet terturk `kr biy

cerk. `k wdhh suggkr kieua` ei kr ewi. Dvk neck te tkhh yeu iet te gbhtkr di yeur bntdei. Hkbvk kr bheik, t`k rkbh vdhhbdi

ds Nhbuodus bio yeu cust mdhh `dc. @bchkt stbrtko tbhmdia te t`k Aèst. @ds cet`kr sbdo, @bvk yeu rkbhhy aeik cbo t`bt

yeu spkbm te t`k wbhh 5 @bchkt nhbrdgdks ds pesdtdei bio sbys, Cet`kr, oeit try te geeh yeurskhg t`bt D bvk aeik cbo, bio

t`bt dt ds iet yeur ewi audhty neisndkink t`bt cbmks yeu grda`tkiko. Vkpkit w`dhk yeu nbi @kbvki wbits ck te bvkiak t`k

curokr eg cy gbt`kr. D bc iet rkbhhy cbo, fut oeit hkt t`k Mdia miew t`ds.

^`bmkspkbrk ferrewko t`k neinkptdei eg cboikss grec @bchkts erdadibh stery. @k bs turiko dt dite b sbgkty-vbhvk

ger t`k \rdinks ystkrdb bio ckhbinèhy. `bmkspkbrk cbmks usk eg t`k okvdnks eg sdcuhbtdei bio odssdcuhbtdei. Qk cust

iet neigusk @bchkts bssucptdei eg t`k bitdn (aretksquk trdnm er pesturk) odspesdtdei wdt` Ep`khdbs vdrtubh cboikss.Ikvkrt`khkss, t`k gkdaiko cboikss `bo dts kggknt bio odsturfko `ds ckitbh kqudhdfrduc (kqudpedsk) di seck okarkk.

Qk sèuho iet rkabro t`k rkhbtdeis`dp fktwkki @bchkt bio Ep`khdb bs suhhydia (odsgdaurdia) t`k phby bio ckoohdia

wdt` dts brtdstdn qubhdty. Qk cby bnnkpt t`bt t`k rkhbtdeis`dp fktwkki Ep`khdb bio @bchkt wbs kidacbtdn (puzzhdia). _`k

\rdink wbs mikk okkp di hevk wdt` Ep`khdb fkgerk `ds cet`krs dinksteus rkcbrrdko wdt` Nhbuodus wè wbs b ckbi,

nuiidia bio shy cbi. @k wbs necpkhhko te advk up tèua`ts eg hevk w`ki t`k outy eg bvkiadia `ds gbt`krs curokr wbs

hbdo upei `dc. @k bhse nkbsko te hevk `kr w`ki `k tèua`t s`k `bo okskrtko bio fktrbyko `dc. Ep`khdbs fret`kr Hbkrtks

bio `kr gbt`kr \eheidus wbriko `kr babdist @bchkt fknbusk t`ky odo iet tbmk dt ger arbitko t`bt t`k \rdink weuho cbrry

`kr tèua` `k `bo fkki vdsdtdia `kr grkqukithy bio `bo nhbdcko `ds hevk ger `kr. \eheidus `bo teho `kr te bnt nehohy

tewbros @bchkt. Hbkrtks `bo bhse bovdsko `kr te rkjknt @bchkts bovbinks. @bchkt disuhtko Ep`khdb w`ki s`k ckt `dc di

t`k nbsthk. @k sbdo, Teu sèuho iet `bvk fkhdkvko ck w`ki D sbdo D hevko yeu. Ae bio sùt yeurskhg di b iuiikry. Teu

sèuho iet cbrry bio `bvk sdiguh n`dhorki. Dg yeu oe cbrry, cbrry b geeh, fknbusk wdskcki miew w`bt ceistkrs wecki

cbmk eg cki. _`ksk weros frkbm Ep`khdbs `kbrt bio s`k stbrts seffdia. ^`k sbys, E`, `k `bs rkbhhy aeik cbo! Qek te

ck, t`bt D hdvko te skk t`ds oby!, te sèw `ds okkp hevk ger Ep`khdb, @bchkt jucps dite `kr arbvk bio nhbdcs `ds rda`t te fk

furdko wdt` `kr. @k gda`t hdmk bi bidcbh wdt` Hbkrtks wè ditkrvkiks. @k sbys, Gerty tèusbio fret`krs neuho iet hevk

Ep`khdb bs cun` bs D hevko `kr. Dg biyeik sèuho fk furdko wdt` `kr, dt ds ck!

_`k t`kck eg t`k phby ds qudtk nhkbr-nut. _`krk ds ie rby eg efsnurdty di dt. _`k sei ditkios te bvkiak `ds curokrko

gbt`kr. _`k trbakoy hdks di @bchkts vbndhhbtdei bio prenrbstdibtdei. _`krk wkrk twe qudtk sehdo bio petkit rkbseis fk`dio

`ds diokndsdvkikss. @k `bo ie wby eg prevdia ger nkrtbdi t`bt `ds uinhk `bo rkbhhy curokrko `ds gbt`kr. Fksdoks, `k odo iet

bspdrk te cbmk `ds cet`kr b wdoew ger t`k skneio tdck. Cerkevkr, `ds gbt`krs aèst `bo kijediko ei `dc iet te `brc er

ùrt `ds cet`kr kvki tèua` s`k wbs b pbrty te `ds curokr. _`k sbck t`kck hdiakrs t`reuaèut t`k phby bio nbtn`ks

kvkryfeoys bttkitdei. _`k t`kck eg @bchkts drrksehutdei bio Nhbuoduss neuitkrphettdia sèwi dts `kda`tkidia kggknt.

_`k khkckitbh pbssdeis k.a. hevk, t`k distdint eg skhg-okgkink, rkvkiak bio gdhdbh (ouk grec sei er obua`tkr) pdkty brk

sunnkssguhhy okbht wdt`. _`k t`kck ds okvkhepko fy t`k ksskitdbh cktèo eg orbcbtdn bntdei neisdstko di arkbt nrdsks bio`bppkidias sun` bs t`k bppkbrbink, rkvkhbtdeis bio audokhdiks fy t`k Aèst eg t`k curokrko Mdia= t`k phby-snkik w`dn`

rkvkbhko t`k audht eg t`k prkskit Mdia bio t`k Rukki bio @bchkts ditkrvdkw wdt` `ds cet`kr w`ki `k usko gdkry bio

obaakr-hdmk weros bio n`braks kr eg digdokhdty tewbros kr hbtk usfbio bio puttdia `kr te s`bck fy sbydia, Bt yeur bak

yeu sèuho `bvk `bo cerk skisk. _`k phby kios wdt` t`k neisuccbtdei eg vkiakbink upei t`k nuhprdt fy t`k `kre. Dt

ckbis t`bt t`k pektdn justdnk `bs fkki oeik. @bchkts trbadn okbt` bhse oeks iet baardkvk er pbdi us. Dt rbt`kr sbtdsgdks eur

ibturbh oksdrks fknbusk dt nbi fk ditkrprktko bs t`k eihy sbhvbtdei eg `ds terturko spdrdt. @bchkt stbios suprkck di eur kyks

bio kstdcbtdei bs bi ditkrkstdia n`brbntkr bs `k ds bi ditkarbh pbrt eg bntdei di t`k phby.

_`krk brk cbiy et`kr gbnters w`dn` bhse neitrdfutk te t`k arkbtikss eg t`k phby. _`k pbtès eg Ep`khdbs gertuiks ds

eik eg t`kc. Q`ki @bchkt fk`bvks wdt` kr di b strbiak, eoo bio disuhtdia cbiikr, s`k pdtdks bio nursks krskhg bio sbys,

E`, `k `bs rkbhhy aeik cbo! Qek ds ck, t`bt D hdvko te skk t`ds oby! _`k ditreountdei eg t`k supkribturbh, eik eg t`k

pkrcbikit orbcbtdn cetdvks ds biet`kr gbnter. _`k Aèst eg @bchkts gbt`kr rkvkbhs te `dc t`k ibcks eg `ds bntubh

curokrkrs bio uraks `dc iet te spbrk `ds uinhk fut iet te `brc `ds cet`kr. _`k Aèst rkbppkbrs w`ki @bchkt stbrtsn`dodia `ds cet`kr bio upfrbdodia (rkprebn`dia) `kr eg cbrrydia b vdhhbdi bio b curokrkr wè `bs stehki t`k nrewi bio

put dt di `ds penmkt. _`k nùrn`ybro snkik ds ardchy ùcereus. _`k arbvk-odaakr sbys, D bc odaadia cy ewi arbvk.

@bchkts jucpdia cbohy dite t`k arbvk wdt` t`k oksdrk eg `ds fkdia furdko bheiawdt` `ds fkhevko Ep`khdb ds bhse ardchy

ùcereus. Dt bhse nrkbtks b ardc sdtubtdei w`ki t`k Rukki t`rews ghewkrs dite t`k arbvk sbydia, swkkts ger t`k swkkt. D

`bo èpko yeu weuho fk cy sei @bchkts frdok bio t`bt D weuho oknerbtk yeur frdobh fko wdt` ghewkrs. Fut dt ds yeur

arbvk D bc snbttkrdia ghewkrs ei. Qk gdio b wdok rbiak eg n`brbntkr wdt` neitrbry bio neitrbstdia n`brbntkrdstdns di t`ds

phby. @erbtde ds @bchkts tkstko bio bhh tdck grdkio. @k miews bhh eg @bchkts dis bio euts bio ikvkr fktrbys `dc. Hbkrtks

ds vdiodntdvk (rkvkiakguh) n`brbntkr bio ds b puppkt di Nhbuoduss `bio. @k oeks iet gkkh sbtdsgdko w`ki @bchkt tkiokrs te



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`dc `ds bpeheay ger `ds fk`bvdeur bt t`k nùrn`ybro. @k gkkhs neitkitko eihy w`ki `k stbfs @bchkt wdt` b pedseiko

swero. Gertdifrbs okcbios t`k tkrrdtery w`dn` `ds gbt`kr `bo hest te t`k hbtk Mdia eg Okicbrm. Nhbuodus skios b okspbtn`

te t`k Mdia eg Ierwby bsmdia `dc te rkstrbdi `ds ikp`kw grec kcfbrmdia upei `ds rknmhkss bovkiturk. _`ds bntdei eg t`k

Mdia fkbrs grudtguh rksuhts. _`k phbykrs bhse prevk bs gedhs te @bchkt. _`k snkik eg t`k curokr eg Aeizbae sèwi fy t`kc

fkbrs nhesk sdcdhbrdty te t`k curokr eg t`k hbtk Mdia eg Okicbrm. Dt sèem Nhbuodus te t`k smdi bio `ds geuh okko wbs

tèua`t te fk kxpesko. Bhh t`ksk snkiks bio n`brbntkrs prevdok us odvkrsdty eg dcprkssdei. _`ky bhse okvkhep t`k t`kck di

odggkrkit wbys. Ep`khdbs rkbh cboikss nbi fk neitrbstko te @bchkt skhg-dcpesko bio bssucko cboikss. Dt bppkbrs,

Ep`khdb `bo orewiko `krskhg di b freem eg `kr ewi bnnero. @bchkts cetdvk eg tbmdia rkvkiak wbs ibturbh, headnbh bio

purk. Ei t`k neitrbry, Nhbuodus wbs b skhgds`, vdndeus, vehuptueus, nerrupt bio dinkstueus gkhhew wè rkserts te ditrdaukbio skkms `khp eg et`kr bakindks di akttdia @bchkt curokrko. @k bsms t`k Mdia eg Kiahbio te curokr @bchkt bs seei bs

`ds s`dp rkbn`ks t`krk. @k bhse distdabtks Hbkrtks te stbf @bchkt wdt` b pedseiko swero. _`k Rukki Akrtruok ds skhgds` bio

dinkstueus. `k akts kr usfbio curokrko bio s`brks ds iuptdbh fko bgtkr b sèrt spbi eg tdck. ^`k pdtdko @bchkt ger ds

strbiak fk`bvdeur bio wds`ks `dc te trkbt Nhbuodus bs `ds ewi gbt`kr. ^`k ikvkr bsms Nhbuodus te trkbt @bchkt bs `ds sei.

Q`ki @bchkt gda`ts wdt` Hbkrtks di t`k nùrn`ybro, t`k Rukki bsms Hbkrtks te hkt t`k cbo fey ae. @bchkt wbs iet geuh di

`ds bntdei. @k hevko Ep`khdb pbssdeibtkhy bio dt wbs `ds rda`tguh nhbdc te fk furdko wdt` Ep`khdb. ^`k miews t`ds gbnt

pkrgknthy wkhh bio wbs orkbcdia eg oknerbtdia `kr iuptdbh fko ei `kr cbrrdbak wdt` @bchkt. Distkbo eg siuffdia Hbkrtks,

s`k kxèrtko `dc iet te arbpphk wdt` b cbocbi. _ùs kvki t`k nbsubh bio uikxpkntko ennurrkinks di t`k phby turi dite b

hbrakr oksdai. Di t`ds wby, rbioecikss fknecks b rkqudtbh (vkiakbink), rktrdfutdei, b rknecpkisk ger kvdh. Dt wbs b cbttkr

eg s`kkr n`bink t`bt \eheidus akt stbffko di phbnk eg Nhbuodus, Akrtruok ordims t`k pedsei di phbnk eg @bchkt= t`k twe

neurtdkr brk put te okbt` di phbnk eg @bchkt= bio Hbkrtks odks w`ki `k ds stbffko wdt` `ds ewi swero.

_`k cest nkhkfrbtko-bio braubfhy t`k cest odsnussko-sehdhequy di Kiahds` hdtkrbturk ds @bchkt's "_e fk, er iet te fk"

spkkn` (DDD.d). Hdiweeo K. Erbiak (247;) vdkws dt bs @bchkt's bttkcpt te neivdink Nhbuodus bio \eheidus (wè brk

evkr`kbrdia ds weros) t`bt k ds truhy cbo bio neitkcphbtdia sudndok. Jbcks @drs` (skk Gurt`kr Vkbodia) bhse nhbdcs t`bt

t`k "_e fk" sehdhequy ds iet bi ditkrder ceieheauk= t`k nrdtdn kcp`bsdzks t`k dcpkrseibhdty eg dts gdrst skntdei bio rkabros

dt bs bi distbink di w`dn` t`k spkbmkr miews `k ds fkdia evkr`kbro bio usks `ds weros te cdshkbo t`k kbvksoreppkrs dite

fkhdkvdia t`bt `k oeks iet ditkio te kxbnt vkiakbink ger t`k curokr eg `ds gbt`kr. Hdmk Erbiak bio @drs`, Koib Zwdnm

Ferds (skk Gurt`kr Vkbodia) juoaks t`ds spkkn` te fk "b stbako sehdhequy"= Ferds brauks t`bt @bchkt ds guhhy bwbrk t`bt `k

ds fkdia efskrvko bio evkr`kbro, bio t`bt t`k spkkn` ds prdcbrdhy odrkntko te Nhbuodus. @breho Jkimdis (2404) euthdiks

vbrdeus stbaks eg @bchkt's brauckit di t`ds spkkn`, grec neisdokrbtdei eg t`k bhtkribtdvks eg rkhdkg grec "t`k pbdis eg

hdvdia" te "gkbr eg t`k uimiewi." Ger Jkimdis, t`k sehdhequy ds bi dcpkrseibh okfbtk: t`k prdink's skbrn` ger b rksehutdei eg

b uidvkrsbh neighdnt. Bibhyzdia t`k juxtbpesdtdei eg p`dhesep`y bio rkhdadei di t`ds sehdhequy, Brdk` ^bn`s (skk Gurt`kr

Vkbodia) oksnrdfks @bchkt krk bs b "weuho-fk tedn" wè ds ksskitdbhhy b N`rdstdbi. Hdmk bn`s, Grbinksnb Fuahdbid (skkGurt`kr Vkbodia) ditkrprkts t`k spkkn` bs bi kxprkssdei eg @bchkt's oeufts bfeut ^tedndsc, bio w`kt`kr rbtdeibhdty bio

dcpkrturfbfdhdty brk prkgkrbfhk te pbssdei.

Ourdia t`k neursk eg t`k phby, @bchkt bs sdx et`kr kxtkioko ceieheauks. Di b feem t`bt genusks ei t`k wby khkvki

odggkrkit twkitdkt`-nkitury bnters okhdvkrko @bchkt's sehdhequdks, Cbry Z. Cb`kr (2446) rkcbrms t`bt odrknters bio

pkrgerckrs `bvk grkqukithy ditkrprktko t`ksk pbssbaks bs bttkcpts te wee t`k buodkink, te kstbfhds` tdks wdt` dt t`bt wdhh

turi phbyaekrs dite nehhbferbters er, bt hkbst, sycpbt`ktdn juoaks. Jbcks Nbckrei Biorkws (skk Gurt`kr Vkbodia) hdims

@bchkt's sehdhequy di D.dd("E t`bt t`ds tee tee sbhhdko ghks` weuho ckht") wdt` t`k ceieheauk di D.vt`bt fkadis "E bhh yeu

èst eg kbvki." Biorkws nbhhs bttkitdei te t`k bssendbtdei eg "geuh phby" di t`k skneio sehdhequy wdt` @bchkt's suspdndeis

rkabrodia ds cet`kr's skxubh cdsneiount kxprkssko di t`k gdrst. Q. n`rdnmx(skk Gurt`kr Vkbodia) neiiknts @bchkt's "E

bhh yeu èst eg `kbvki" sehdhequy te t`k t`kck eg rkvkiak, bsskrtdia t`bt di t`ds spkkn` t`k prdink tbmks ei t`k furoki eg

bvkiadia ds gbt`kr's okbt`, kvki tèua` ds rkhdadeus fkhdkgs dinhdik dc te hkbvk vkiakbink te odvdik prevdokink. tkp`ki

Feet` (skk Gurt`kr Vkbodia, 6

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sehdhequy (DDD.ddd), bs Nhbuodus mikkhs di bi bttkcpt te prby. Kcp`bsdzdia t`k dcpertbink eg rkbodia t`ds pbssbak di rkhbtdei

te dts orbcbtdn neitkxt, t`k nrdtdn neitrbsts @bchkt's bppbrkit rbtdeibhdty `krk wdt` t`k prdink's nerruptdei bio oksnkit dite

kvdh bs `k struaahks te oktkrcdik èw te pursuk bi kt`dnbh neursk eg bntdei di b uidvkrsk t`bt ds "cerbhhy necphkx."

Bitèiy J. Adhfkrt (244;) bsskssks @bchkt's "@ew bhh ennbsdeis oe digerc babdist ck" sehdhequy (DW. dv) wdt` rkspknt te

t`k qukstdei eg w`kt`kr orbcbtdn sehdhequdks, ^`bmkspkbrk's bio et`krs', rkprkskit ceckits eg trut` tkhhdia. Adhfkrt nbhhs

bttkitdei te w`bt `k rkabros bs @bchkt's kvbsdvk, bcfdaueus hbiaubak di t`ds pbssbak, neinhuodia t`bt t`k spkkn`

okceistrbtks t`bt "@bchkt ds dinbpbfhk eg miewdia w`y `k oeks iet bnt." Vbhp` Fkrry (2404) brauks t`bt b prdindpbh

guintdei eg @bchkt's sehdhequdks ds te dcpesk "`ds vdkwpedit upei t`k buodkink" fy spkbmdia te dt odrknthy, bs dg dts ckcfkrs

wkrk psynèheadnbh neuiskhers er bibhysts. Fet` Fkrry bio Vbppbpert boorkss t`k qukstdei eg w`y @bchkt `bs ieceieheauks di Bnt W= t`kdr neinhusdeis brk sdcdhbr: t`k bfskink eg kxtkribhdzko necphbdits sdaibhs t`bt fy t`ds pedit di t`k

phby t`k prdink `bs cbturko, gdibhhy bnmiewhkoadia `ds rkspeisdfdhdty te tbmk bntdei.

R. ?. Odsnuss Jbiseidbi neckoy wdt` rkgkrkink te Bhn`kcdst.

Bis. _`k \urpesk eg t`k \rkskit Neckoy

Di t`k preheauk teKvkry cbi di `ds @uceur, Jeisei `bo wrdttki t`bt t`k bdc eg `ds neckoy wbs te spert wdt`

ùcbi gehhdks, iet wdt` nrdcks.Dt wbs `ds efjknt te kxpesk ùcbi gehhdks te hbua`tkr bio, fy t`ds ckbis, te rdo pkephk eg

tèsk gehhdks. _ùs `k `bo b cerbhdsdia purpesk.

Bi Kitkrtbdidia Neckoy

_`k Bhn`kcdstpurpesk ds b neckoy pbr kxnkhhkink. Dt ds b da`hy kitkrtbdidia neckoy. Dt cbmks us hbua` b aeeo okbh.

êck khkckits brk bs uiokr

2. Obppkr @kho Gbveurdtk. _`k kpdseok di w`dn` Obppkr ds cbok te fkhdkvk t`bt `k ds b gbveurdtk eg t`k Rukki eg

Gbdrdks bio t`bt `k ds, di gbnt, `kr ikp`kw, ds vkry bcusdia diokko.

6. Obppkr Fkgeehko. Obppkr ds fkgeehko fy t`k neispdrbters te sun` bi kxtkit t`bt `k bhhews `dcskhg te fk abaako

fy t`kc bio t`ki stewko bwby di t`k nheskt.

>. Odsaudsk eg ûrhy. _`k kpdseok di w`dn` ûrhy bppkbrs di t`k odsaudsk eg b ^pbids` Oei, prktkiodia t`bt `k

miews ie Kiahds`, ds babdi vkry bcusdia.

?. \rktkioko Cboikss. _`k prktkioko cboikss eg Oeh, ds eik eg t`k cest bcusdia sdtubtdeis.

;. Eutwdttdia. _`k eutwdttdia eg ûfthk bio Oeh fy Gbnk neistdtutks biet`kr necdn sdtubtdei.

_`k Cerbh Efjknt eg t`k \hby

_`k cerbh purpesk fk`dio t`k phby fknecks kvdokit w`ki wk kxbcdik t`k uhtdcbtk gbtk eg t`k vbrdeus n`brbntkrs. Di

t`k nbsk eg ûfthk, Gbnk bio Oeh, t`k butèr `bs okpdntko nrdcks. Bhh t`ksk t`rkk pkrseis brk rkbh nrdcdibhs wè oknkdvk

bio n`kbt t`kdr nhdkits bio ref t`kc eg bs cun` ceiky bs t`ky nbi. ûfthk nhbdcs t`bt `k ds bi bhn`kcdst. @k ds nbpbfhk eg

cbiugbnturdia eg t`k khdxdr er t`k p`dhesep`krs steik w`dn` nbi cbmk pkephk wkbht`y. @k ds bntubhhy b prktkiokr. @k dsrda`thy oksnrdfko tewbros t`k kio fy eik eg `ds vdntdcs bs t`k bhn`kcdnbh nezkis._`ksk vdntdcs brk bs uiokr

(2) Cbccei. @k bs precdsko te prevdok Cbccei wdt` t`k p`dhesep`krs steik ei b pbrtdnuhbr oby, w`ki t`bt oby

necks, k gdios b wby eg kvbodia t`k wèhk dssuk fy bnnusdia Cbccei eg bvdia wrknmko t`k wèhk bhn`kcdnbh prenkss

fy `ds sdiguh diouhakink di skxubh phkbsurk ei t`k sbnrko prkcdsks.

(6) Bibfbptdsts. ûfthk n`kbts t`k Bibfbptdsts wè bvk bhse fkki advki precdsk t`bt t`ky weuho akt t`k p`dhesep`krs

steik w`dn` weuho ki`bink t`kdr pewkr, dighukink, bio prkstdak. @k bhse bssurks t`bt `k nbi cbiugbnturk Outn` oehhbrs

ger t`kc. @k gernks t`kc te fuy w`bt `k nbhhs t`k Erp`bisaeeos. Di gbnt t`ksk aeeos brk t`k cktbhhdn brtdnhks skit te

`dc fy Cbccei ger neivkrsdei dite aeho.

(>) Obppkr. Obppkr bio Oruaakr tee brk ûfthks vdntdcs. Obppkr ds bssurko t`bt `k weuho fk prevdoko wdt` b

gbcdhdbr er bi bttkiobit spdrdt te kibfhk `dc te cbmk ceiky t`reua` abcfhdia.

(?) Oruaakr.@k `bs fkki bssurko eg necckrndbh prespkrdty t`reua` t`k prksnrdptdeis eggkrko fy t`k bhn`kcdst.

(;) Gbnk. ûfthk `btn`ks b phet wdt` Oeh babdist Gbnk. [htdcbtkhy ûfthk ds necphktkhy eutwdttko fy Gbnk bio `bs te

ghkk grec Hevkwdts èusk. @k ds iet bfhk te tbmk bwby wdt` `dc t`k shda`tkst fdt eg t`k bnnucuhbtko feety. _ùs t`k gbtk

eg t`ds vdhhbdi ds b hkssei ger bhh tèsk wè try te cbmk ceiky fy nreemko cktèos.

(7) Oeh. Oeh s`brks ûfthks gbtk. ^`k ds prestdtutk= s`k odsaudsks t`bt s`k ds sufjknt te gdts eg cboikss= s`k odsaudsks

`krskhg bs t`k Rukki eg Gbdrdks te t`rew oust dite t`k kyks eg Obppkr= s`k barkks te ref Obck \hbdit eg `kr jkwkhhkry= s`k

bhse ds rda`thy puids`ko bs s`k akts iet`dia grec t`k bnnucuhbtko feety.

Neckoy eg @uceurs Ckbidia

Di t`k preheauk te _`k Bhn`kcdst,Jeisei ckitdeis t`k wèrk, t`k fbwo, t`k pdcp, bio dcpestkr bs pkrseis rkprkskitdia

seck eg t`k ùceurs. Jeisei bpphdko t`k tkrc ùceur cktbpèrdnbhhy te w`bt ds iew nbhhko b cbis efskssdeis er `ds



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2. Teuia eiks @uceur. _we yeuia, skhg-neigdokit, bio geehds` cki eg gbs`dei kxdst eihy te fk ouptko.

?. Cbadstrbtks @uceur. Bi èikst eptdcdstdn cbadstrbtk `bs gdrc gbdt` di t`k vdrtuks eg b nup eg wdik.

Di _`kBhn`kcdst,`k cbok bi khbferbtk stuoy eg ùcbi auhhdfdhdty, bio t`k ùceur rkprkskitko `krk ds bhse t`k

cbstkr pbssdei eg arkko w`dn` bgghdnts kbn` eg t`k oupks di t`k phby.

\urpesk

Jeisei pedits eut di t`k preheauk te _`k Bhn`kcdstt`bt `ds purpesk di rkprkskitdia sun` ùceurs di `ds neckodks

wbs te cbmk pkephk rkbhdzk t`kdr ewi sèrtnecdias, gehhdks bio bfsurodtdks bio tùs te try te nurk t`kcskhvks eg t`ksk

uioksdrbfhk ùceurs.

_`k @uceur eg Bvbrdnk di t`k Wbrdeus N`brbntkrs

_`k gdrst typk eg ùceur ds t`bt eg Bvbrdnk di vbrdeus n`brbntkrs. Bi efskssdvk oksdrk ger kbsy ceiky ds neccei te

bhh ûfthks nhdkits. _`k iefhkcbi, t`k neuitrycbi, t`k hdtthk nhkrm, t`k nùrn`cki, t`k scbhh sèpmkkpkr. Jeiseis ikt ds

nbst wdokhy kieua` evkr sendkty te dinhuok bhh t`ksk.

(2) Obppkr. _`k gdrst nhdkit wè bppkbrs di t`k phby ds Obppkr, b hbwykrs nhkrm. @k ds cerk ditkrkstko di cbmdiaceiky t`reua` abcfhdia, k wds`ks te advk up ds rkbh pregkssdei bio fkneck b wèhk-tdck abcfhkr. @k bs neck te t`k

bhn`kcdst te fk prevdoko wdt` bi bttkiobit spdrdt wè weuho kibfhk `dc te wdi ceiky bt èrsk-rbnks, bt nbro-pbrtdks, bio

bt odnk-pbrtdks. @k akts bi bssurbink grec ûfthk te fk prevdoko wdt` t`k rkqudrko gbcdhdbr wè weuho cbmk Obppkr wdi

bhh t`k ceiky bt abcfhdia pbrtdks se t`bt bhh t`k et`kr neitkstbits weuho fk rkounko te fbimruptny. Obppkr gkkhs neivdinko

fy ûfthks bio Gbnks bssurbinks, bio aeks èck te s`brpki `ds skisks wdt` t`k usk eg vdikabr, bs odrkntko. _`ki `k

necks fbnm. @k ds se okkphy n`brcko t`bt `k bhhews dcskhg te fk fhdiogehoko abaako bio stewko bwby di t`k tedhkt di t`k

èpk t`bt k weuho fk arbitko b pkrseibh ditkrvdkw wdt` t`k Rukki eg Gbdrdks. Di t`k kio bi ditkrvdkw fktwkki Obppkr bio

t`k Rukki eg Gbdrdks ds brrbiako. Qk miew t`bt s`k ds ie et`kr t`bi Oeh di odsaudsk. Di t`ds wby Obppkr ds reffko eg

w`btkvkr `k `bo aet.

(6) Oruaakr. Oruaakr, b tefbnneidst wbits necckrndbh prespkrdty. @k wbits te kxpbio ds fusdikss. @k tee ds advki

b gercuhbk ger bttbdidia sunnkss di `ds necckrndbh kitkrprdsks. @k ds bhse prevdoko wdt` b t`rdvdia sdaify ûfthk.

(>) _`k Bibfbptdsts. Bibidbs ds snkptdnbh bfeut ufthks pewkrs te preounk t`k p`dhesep`krs steik. Fut _rdfuhbtdei

trdks te neivdink `ds nehhkbauk, Bibidbs eg t`k cdrbnuheus pewkrs eg ûfthk. _`k twe Bibfbptdsts barkk te pby seck

boodtdeibh ceiky te ûfthk ger prevdodia t`kc wdt` t`k p`dhesep`krs steik. _`ky èpk t`bt dt weuho phbnk se cun`

wkbht` bt t`k odspesbh eg t`k frkt`rki bt Bcstkrobc t`bt t`ky weuho fk bfhk te fuy neuitrdks bio te kxtkit t`k dighukink eg

t`kdr sknt evkr hbrak brkbs. _`ky bhse barkk te fuy w`bt ûfthk oksnrdfks bs Erp`bis aeeos.@ewkvkr, wk miew wkhh

t`bt t`krk brk bntubhhy t`k cktbhhdn brtdnhks skit fy Cbccei te ûfthks kstbfhds`ckit te fk neivkrtko dite aeho. _`ky

bnnkpt grec ûfthk neuitkrgkdt oehhbrs. _`ky rkneaidzk t`k odstdintdei fktwkki t`k nedidiaeg oehhbrs bio t`k nbstdia

eg oehhbrs.

(?) ^dr Kpdnurk Cbccei. ^dr Kpdnurk Cbccei `bo fkki advki b precdsk t`bt t`k p`dhesep`krs steik weuho fk

phbnko di `ds `bios ei b pbrtdnuhbr oby. ûfthk teho `dc t`bt `k `bo bhrkboy necckinko t`k bhn`kcdnbh prenkss w`dn`

weuho ydkho t`k p`dhesep`krs steik er t`k khdxdr. Ei t`k bppeditko oby, Cbccei brrdvks bt ûfthks kstbfhds`ckit. ufthk

tkhhs Oeh t`bt Cbccei bdcs bt cbmdia pkephk rdn` t`reua` t`k p`dhesep`krs steik bio bhse te nurk t`k suggkrkrs eg bhht`kdr odskbsks. Cbccei ds bi bcfdtdeus pkrsei. @k spkbms eg t`k huxurdeus hdgk w`dn` `k weuho bnqudrk t`reua` t`k

p`dhesep`krs steik. @k weuho cbmk surhy bhse b rdn` cbi. Fk rdn`,sbys Cbccei te ûrhy, _`ds oby tèu s`bht bvk

diaets.Cbccei weuho kbt t`k cest kxpkisdvk geeos skrvko di phbtks eg aeho stuooko bio kcfkhhds`ko wdt` prkndeus

steiks eg vbrdeus neheurs. @k advks b oktbdhko bnneuit eg t`k ods`ks. @ds geeo weuho dinhuok teiauks eg nbrps, oercdnk,

nbckhs kkhs, edhko cus`reecs, bio t`k tkbts eg b gbt prkaibit sew. _`ksk geeos weuho fk skrvko iet di erodibry utkisdhs

fut di ods`ks eg babtk, skt di aeho. _`ksk weuho fk stuooko wdt` kckrbhos, sbpp`drks, `ybndit`s bio rufdks. @ewkvkr, `k

ds teho t`bt t`k nehhbpsk eg t`k bhn`kcdnbh prenkss ds ouk sehkhy te `ds ewi sdiguhikss bio aeks fbnm wdt` kcpty-`bios.

R. ;. @ew ds \hbyfey b trbadneckoy5

Bis. Nrdtdns `bvk rkabroko _`k \hbyfey eg t`k Qkstkri Qerho bs b neckoy wdt` streia gbrndnbh khkckits er pref-



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bfhy b trbakoy. Di spdtk eg dts bvdia seck trbadn khkckits, t`ds phby ds b rehhdnmdia (fedstkreus/jevdbh) neckoy. Dt ds rkphktk

wdt` bfuiobink eg ùceur eg sdtubtdei, eg n`brbntkr bio eg odbheauk. _`k rkcbrms bio necckits eg bhh t`k n`brbntkrs brk

bcusdia kvki tèua` t`ky brk sbrnbstdn er dreidnbh bio `bvk sbtdrdnbh neitkit. Nkrtbdi sdtubtdeis di dt brk kxtrbvbabithy

guiiy. _èua` t`k phby bfeuios di uceur bio wdt ykt dt `bs skrdeus bspknt tee. Dt ds okprkssdia t`bt bi erodibry aeeo-ger-

iet`dia gkhhew ds aherdgdko bs b curokrkr. N`rdsty hkbvks t`k s`kfkki trducp`bithy. _`k wecki eg N`rdstys vdhhbak usko

te nbhh `dc, _`k heeiky (b snbcp/rbsnbh/mibvk huibtdn) eg Cbèis. \KAKKI (t`k prdindpbh gkcbhk n`brbntkr di t`k phby)

gkkhs baardkvko ei hesdia `dc. ^`k sbys, Dvk hest t`k eihy \hbyfey eg t`k Qkstkri Qerho. N`rdstys okpbrturk ds b

neckoy ger dc fknbusk dt cby ckbi b ikw, recbitdn hdgk ger dc. Dt wbs b trbakoy ger \kakki sdink s`k bs hest kr dokbh

hevkr bio prespkntdvk ùsfbio._`k stery eg t`k phby ds dcprefbfhk. _`k pkephk fkhdkvk t`bt N`rdstys bnt eg advdia b `bro fhew te `ds gbt`kr ds di

dtskhg `kredn. _`k sbck pkephk boept b èstdhk bttdtuok te `dc w`ki `k mdhhs `ds gbt`kr di t`kdr ewi prkskink. Dt ds bhse

odggdnuht te fkhdkvk t`bt tdcdo, nhucsy bio wert`hkss gkhhew ds trbisgercko dite b vdrtubhhy skhg-neigdokit, frbvk bio skhg-

bsskrtdvk yeuia cbi bio oecdibtks kvki `ds gercdobfhk gbt`kr wdt`di b oby.

_`k butèr bocdts t`bt `k `bs usko t`k hbiaubak eg bntubh neivkrsbtdei eg t`k pkephk eg Drkhbio bio eg t`k Brbi

Dshbios. @kink `ds spkkn`ks brk ikdt`kr kxtrbvbabit, ier dcpessdfhk. Cest eg t`k n`brbntkrs brk bhse orbwi di b rkbhdstdn

cbiikr wdt` t`k kxnkptdei eg trbisgercbtdei di N`rdsty. Kxbaakrbtdei ds iet neisdokrko dhhkadtdcbtk di b neckoy. _`k

n`brbntkr eg `bwi ds pkrgknthy neivdindia wdt` ds obstbrohdikss (newbrodnk) bio ds sufskrvdkink (suferodibtdei) te t`k

henbh prdkst. \kakki ds necfdibtdei eg prbntdnbhdty bio dcbadibtdvkikss. _`krk ds iet`dia dcpessdfhk di `kr kxnkpt t`k

n`biak di `kr bttdtuok tewbros `kr gdbink ei ckktdia N`rdsty bio tewbros N`rdsty w`ki k `bo advki `ds gbt`kr, b `bro

fhew di t`k s`kfkki. @kr estdhdty skkcs dinrkodfhk. Dt wbs rkbhdstdn ei t`k pbrt eg Qdoew Rudi te gkkh ditkrkstko di N`rdsty

fknbusk fet` eg t`kc wkrk curokrkrs. _`k sdcdhbrdtdks bio neitrbst fktwkki \kakki bio Qdoew Rudi, bio fktwkki

N`rdsty bio ^`bwi rkdigernk t`k rkbhdstdn kggknt bio cbmk t`k prkskitbtdei bhh t`k cerk strdmdia te eur cdios. Di spdtk eg

`bvdia seck neccei trbdts t`ky brk bhse pehks bpbrt. Eut eg t`k twe wdoewkrs bio oruimbros, (Cdn`bkh bio Cbèi) eik

ds jevdbh bio mdio-`kbrtko w`dhk t`k et`kr ds nèhkrdn bio spdtkguh.

_`k _dthk

_`k wero \hbyfey okietks t`k `kre wè nbi phby sunnkssguhhy wdt` hbiaubak, trducp` di t`k phby eg bt`hktdn

neitkst bio kxnkh di t`k phby eg ghdrtbtdei bio neurts`dp. _`k wero \hbyfey wbs didtdbhhy spemki fy Qdoew Rudi eut eg

cenmkry wè bs fkki uoohko di tkrrer fk`dio t`k oeer w`dhk s`k tbhms te ds gbt`kr. `k nbhhs dc t`k Qbhmdia \hbyfey

eg t`k Qkstkri Qerho. ^`k bhse nbhhs `ds gbt`kr _`k peer cbi. Babdi s`k usko t`k wero \hbyfey di t`k neitkst eg

N`rdstys vdntery di t`k abcks, stdhh wdt` t`k dreiy eg `kr supkrder bwbrkikss. ^`k tkhhs N`rdstys gbt`kr èw t`k pkephk

wkrk n`kkrdia t`k N`bcpdei \hbyfey eg t`k Qkstkri Qerho eho Cbèi (N`rdstys gbt`kr) odsfkhdkvks t`ds oksnrdptdei eg

N`rdsty wèc `k neisdokrko bs b wert`hkss gkhhew. Eut eg rdodnuhk t`k nrewo nbhhko eut _`krks t`k \hbyfey w`ki t`kynbck te miew t`bt N`rdstys gbt`kr wbs bhdvk. Qk gdio b odggkrkit ckbidia eg t`k \hbyfey w`ki \kakki Qbdhs bt N`rdstys

okpbrturk bio sbys, E` cy ardkg, Dvk hest dc surkhy. Dvk hest t`k eihy \hbyfey eg t`k Qkstkri Qerho. _`krk ds ie dreiy

di `kr stbtkckit.

_`k Qkstkri Qerho krk ckbis Qkstkri Drkhbio eihy. _`ds tkrc ds cdshkbodia te t`k rkbokrs wè neck te t`k phby

ger t`k gdrst tdck sdink t`ky cdsuiokrstbio t`k wkstkri werho bs t`k wkstkri neuitrdks hdmk Frdtbdi, Grbink, Dtbhy bio t`k

[.^.B.

R. 7. Necckit ei t`k phet eg \yacbhdei.

Bis. _`k _`rkkgeho _`kck eg t`k \hby^`bws phby \yacbhdei `bs b t`rkkgeho t`kck distkbo eg b sdiahk t`kck.

_`rkk strbios `bvk fkki ditkrwevki di t`k neistruntdei eg t`k phby bs uiokr

(2) _`k gdrst ds t`k pèiktdn kxpkrdckit uiokrtbmki fy \regksser @kiry, @daadis bio dts sunnkss.

(6) \regksser @daadis dcpkrnkptdvkikss= bio `ds hbnm eg ùcbi wbrct` rksuhtdia odsbppeditckit ger Khdzb.

(>) _`k t`dro ds t`k prefhkc neinkridia sbtdsgbntdei eg t`k cbtkrdbh bio kcetdeibh ikkos eg tèsk wè, t`reua`kounbtdei, `bvk fkki hdgtko te b `da`kr ditkhhkntubh bio nuhturbh hkvkh. _`ksk t`rkk t`kcks cby fk odsnussko bs

uiokr

_`k \èiktdn Kxpkrdckit

@kiry @daadis ds b pregksser eg pèiktdnst`k sndkink eg spkkn`. @k `bs stuodko t`k odggkrkit wbys w`krkdi t`k

Kiahds` hbiaubak ds spemki di odggkrkit rkadeis eg Kiahbio bs wkhh bs di odggkrkit ndtdks sun` bs Heioei. @ds miewhkoak ds se

pregeuio t`bt k nbi juoak, fy t`k cbiikr eg preiuindbtdei bio bnnkit eg b cbi grec w`dn` pbrt eg Kiahbio k necks di t`k

fkadiidia eg t`k phby `k gkkhs cun`. Odstrkssko ei `kbrdia t`k cbiikr di w`dn` t`k ghewkr-adrh, Khdzb ds spkbmdia t`k

hbiaubak. _`k ghewkr-adrh ds spkbmdia t`k Heioei odbhknt miewi bs Nenmiky. _`ds odbhknt okvdbtks se cun` grec stbiobro



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Kiahds` t`bt t`k \regksser rkabros t`k ghewkr-adrh bs b odsarbnk te t`k Kiahds` hbiaubak. Fkdia neigdokit eg `ds ewi nbpbndty

te tkbn` stbiobro Kiahds` te tèsk wè tbmk hksseis grec `dc, `k oknhbrks t`bt di b sèrt pkrdeo eg t`rkk ceit`s eihy `k nbi

pbss t`ds ghewkr-adrh egg bs b oun`kss bt bi bcfbssboers abroki pbrty. _`k ghewkr-adrh vdsdts dc bio fknecks ds pupdh ei t`k

ikxt oby. ^`k fkadis te tbmk hksseis grec `dc di spkbmdia Kiahds`. @daadis odsnevkrs t`bt t`k adrh `bs b qudnm bio rknkptdvk

kbr. @kink s`k weuho pdnm up t`k nerrknt preiuindbtdei eg weros bio t`k nerrknt bnnkit bt b rbpdo spkko. Bgtkr t`rkk ceit`s

er se eg t`ds distruntdei bio trbdidia, t`k adrh ds sufjkntko te b tkst. _`k tkst ds tbmki bt t`k èusk eg @daadiss cet`kr w`krk b

gkw auksts `bvk bsskcfhko. _`k adrh prevks te `bvk bnqudrko b sbtdsgbntery neccbio eg Kiahds` hbiaubak, fut t`bt s`k `bs

iet ykt hkbrit w`bt mdio eg sufjknts sèuho fk tbhmko bfeut bt b abt`krdia eg uppkr-nhbss pkephk. Hdstkikrs nbi skk t`reua`

t`bt s`k ds b adrh eg hew fdrt`. Bs b rksuht, @daadiss cet`kr tkhhs `dc t`bt bhtèua` t`k adrh ds b trducp` eg `ds bio t`k orkss-cbmkrs brt, s`k ds iet ykt prkskitbfhk. Di et`kr weros Khdzb miews èw te orkss khkabithy bio t`bt s`k `bs hkbrit te spkbm

Kiahds` nerrknthy wdt` b prepkr bnnkit, fut s`k ds iet ykt gdt te cevk di t`k uppkr-nhbss ndrnhks eg sendkty. _`k rkbsei ds t`k

t`dias t`bt s`k tbhms bfeut weuho kxpesk `kr te fk eg hew fdrt`. @daadis advks seck gurt`kr trbdidia te t`k adrh. Di biet`kr tkst

di bi kcfbssy rknkptdei, Khdzb snerks b sphkiodo sunnkss. @kr pedsk, `kr fkbrdia, `kr nbrrdbak, `kr orkss bio `kr cbiikr eg

spkbmdia Kiahds` dcprkss kvkryfeoy pregeuiohy. B @uiabrdbi hdiaudst epdiks, t`bt t`ds adrh `bs reybh fheeo di `kr vkdis, t`k

èstkss bt t`k pbrty ds se okkphy cevko t`bt s`k oknhbrks t`bt t`ds adrh cust fk b prdinkss bt hkbst. _ùs t`k \regksser eg

pèiktdns `bs bn`dkvko sunnkss di `ds uiokrtbmdia.

_`k Ckssbak Neivkyko fy t`k Kxpkrdckit

_`k sunnkss eg t`k bfevk pèiktdn kxpkrdckit neivkys te us t`k hkssei t`bt t`k ibturbh bfdhdty er tbhkit eg b ùcbi

fkdia rkqudrks b gbveurbfhk kivdreickit bio eppertuidty ger dts guhh okvkhepckit. @kink t`k aevkrickit er sendkty

eua`t te prevdok sun` eppertuidtdks te t`k ikkoy pkrseis. Dg Khdzb `bo iet fkki pdnmko up fy @daadis, s`k weuho `bvk

spkit bhh `kr hdgk di t`k auttkr, hdvdia ie fkttkr t`bi bi bidcbh. _`k ikkoguh eppertuidty b neiakidbh kivdreickit bio

btcesp`krk cbmk `kr okvkhep dite b gdik hboy. Khdzb ds trbisgercko dite b pehds`ko bio nuhturko wecbi. _`ds wecbi `bs

bhh nbpbfdhdty te cevk di t`k `da`kst ndrnhks eg sendkty wdtèut fkdia suspkntko eg fkdia b hew-feri pkrsei. _`ds

trbisgercbtdei freua`t bfeut di t`k ghewkrs-adrh fy t`k \regksser kitdthks dc te fk rkabroko bs biet`kr \yacbhdei. Di gbnt

^`bw bhwbys gkht odsbppeditko wdt` t`k wby di w`dn` t`k Kiahds` pkephk spemk t`kdr hbiaubak. @k `bo b skisdtdvk kbr

wkhh-trbdiko te vbhuk cusdnbh seuios. @k wbs adgtko wdt` b swkkt spkbmdia vednk fy ibturk. Dt wbs `ds wds` t`bt b ikw

Kiahds` bhp`bfkt, fbsko ei pèiktdn prdindphks, sèuho fk freua`t dite kxdstkink te prevdok b skpbrbtk sycfeh er sdai ger

kbn` spemki seuio. _`ds rkgerc weuho frdia bfeut nerrknt preiuindbtdei fy kvkryfeoy bio weuho cbmk kvkryeik spkbm

Kiahds` wdt` t`k prepkr bnnkit bhse. ^`bw `bs dhhustrbtko `ds bdc fy prkskitdia \regksser eg pèiktdns wè sunnkssguhhy

tkbn`ks bi dhhdtkrbtk adrh t`k prepkr wby eg spkbmdia Kiahds`, usdia nerrknt arbccbr bio nerrknt preiuindbtdei. Bs sun`

^`bw `bs rda`thy usk t`k ibck eg \yacbhdei ger t`ds \regksser eg pèiktdns.

R. 1. Q`bt gkbturks cbmk curokr di t`k nbtòrbh b N`rdstdbi phby5Bis. _`k geur _kcptkrs di t`k phby, Curokr di t`k Nbt`korbh brk iet diokpkiokit kitdtdks, fut t`k geur bspknts eg

_ècbs Fknmkt `dcskhg. Fknmkt `bs rkturiko te Nbitkrfury bgtkr `ds skvki-ykbr heia bfskink. @k `bo fkki hdvdia bfrebo

ei gerkdai n`brdty. @k tkhhs t`k prdksts t`bt `ds dcckodbtk tbsm weuho fk te okbh wdt` s`boews bio te neitkio babdist

tèsk s`boews.

Geur _kcptkrs neck te vdsdt Fknmkt eik bgtkr t`k et`kr di sunnkssdei dcckodbtkhy bgtkrwbros. _`k ckitdei eg t`k

wero s`boew prevdoks b nhkbr-nut nhuk t`bt t`ky brk iet`dia khsk t`bi gdackits er `ds ewi dcbadibtdei. Kbn` s`boew

sycfehdzks b nkrtbdi bspknt eg Fknmkts diodvdoubh cdio bio pkrseibhdty. Di b iuts`khh, , t`k geur _kcptkrs brk eihy

pkrseidgdnbtdeis eg Fknmkts ewi oksdrks bio prenhdvdtdks bio efjkntdgy t`k diikr tèua`ts eg Fknmkt `dcskhg. _`ky nbi

bhse stbio ger ditkribhdzko gbnkts eg `ds ewi neisndeusikss.

B ckitbh neighdnt fkadis te ennur di Fknmkts cdio w`ki `k rkturis te Nbitkrfury. @k ds ckodtbtdia upei t`k

spkndgdn neursk eg bntdei, w`dn` `k sèuho pursuk iew eut eg geur odstdint neursks eg bntdei epki te `dc. @k ds wbvkrdia

di `ds cdio. @k ds bt b hess te gdio eut w`dn` eik eut eg t`k geur neursks eg bntdei `k sèuho boept. Bhh t`k geur neursks egbntdei epki te `dc `bvk fkki prevdoko vdsdfhk bio neinrktk s`bpk bs b _kcptkr. _`ky bppkbr fkgerk `dc di t`k gerc eg

geur tkcptbtdeis. _`ky neck eik bgtkr t`k et`kr, kbn` brrdvdia w`ki `ds prkoknksser `bs okpbrtko di okspbdr bio

odsbppeditckit. Fknmkt ds wèhhy bwbrk bio neisndeus eg t`k gdrst t`rkk neursks eg bntdei w`dn` brk suaakstko te `dc fy

t`k gdrst t`rkk _kcptkrs. @ewkvkr, t`k geurt` neursk eg bntdei suaakstko te `dc fy t`k geurt` _kcptkr `bs fkki prkskit di

`ds uineisndeus er sufneisndeus cdio. Bs b rksuht `k tkhhs t`k geurt` _kcptkr t`bt `k `bo kxpkntko eihy t`k gdrst t`rkk

_kcptkrs. @k hkbst kxpkntko t`k geurt` _kcptkr. @kink wk nbi rkabro t`k kitdrk odbheauk tbmdia phbnk fktwkki Fknmkt

bio bhh t`k _kcptkrs bs sdcphy b preheiako ckitbh neighdnt di Fknmkt. _.^. Khdet rkvkbhs t`k ckitbh neighdnt te t`k buodkink

t`reua` b vdsdfhk kineuitkr fktwkki Fknmkt bio t`k _kcptkrs.



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_`k gdrst twe tkcptkrs wè eggkr b hdgk eg phkbsurk bio b hdgk eg werhohy pewkr te Fknmkt rkgkr te `ds pbst hdgk. Ei t`k

et`kr `bio, t`k t`dro bio t`k geurt` _kcptkrs wè eggkr Fknmkt bi bhhdbink wdt` t`k fbreis bio pkrseibh ahery t`reua`

cbrtyroec suaakst neursks eg guturk bntdei. Bhh t`k geur tkcptkrs hdim t`ds phby wdt` t`k cerbhdtdks eg t`k cdoohk baks.

@ucbi vdnks k.a.prdok, hust, ahutteiy ktn. wkrk pkrseidgdko di t`k Cerbhdty \hbys eg tèsk tdcks (Cdoohk baks). @ucbi

vdnks bppkbrko ei t`k stbak hdmk ùcbi gdaurks fkbrdia t`ksk ibcks.

_`k gdrst _kcptkr rkprkskits t`k ibturbh skisubh cbi. @k hevks ckrrdckit, bt`hktdns, cusdn, abhb necpbiy, okhdndeus

geeo, jenuiohy, bio recbink. _`k gdrst _kcptkr prkskit `dcskhg grec Fknmkt bio sbys, Dvk neck wdtèut efskrvdia biy

gercbhdty bio biy gkkhdia eg bnrdodty di cy `kbrt. D fka te fk kxnusko ger cy grdveheus cbiikr w`dn` Fknmkt ds hdmk te

odsbpprevk di b sehkci ceeo. _`k gdrst _kcptkr sbys Teu sèuho eink babdi tbmk te t`k hdgk eg abdkty bs yeu bo hkt di t`kpbst di t`k necpbiy eg Mdia @kiry w`ki yeu `bppkiko te fk t`k N`binkhher. Teu nbi eink babdi kijey b nbrkgrkk hdgk eg

cdrt`, spertguhikss bio abdkty sdink yeu `bvk okvkhepko uiokrstbiodia wdt` t`k Mdia.

_`k gdrst _kcptkr rkcdioko Fknmkt t`bt bt eik tdck di t`k pbst `k usko te phby ghutks di t`k ckboews bio vdehdi di t`k

`bhh. @k usko te kijey `kbrty hbua`tkr, ghebt bpphk fhessecs ei wbtkr bio kxn`biako wdt bio wdsoec. @k bhse usko te

w`dspkr di n`bcfkrs bio sdia eg ida`tgbhh. Fknmkt barkks bio sbys, _èsk phkbsurks w`dn` `k `bo eink kijeyko wkrk rkbhhy

uigerakttbfhk. _`k gdrst _kcptkr aet dispdrko bio pbditko b cerk vdvdo bio bhhurdia pdnturk eg t`k hdgk t`bt Fknmkt `bo eink

hko. @k bssurko Fknmkt t`bt `k neuho hkbo b sdcdhbr hdgk babdi fknbusk rkneindhdbtdei `bs tbmki phbnk fktwkki `dc bio Mdia

@kiry. Di t`k pbst, w`ki Fknmkt bio Mdia @kiry, usko te fk grdkios, Fknmkt wbs nbhhko Aby _ec bio Fknmkt eg Heioei.

_`ky usko te spkio t`k kvkidia teakt`kr ei t`k rdvkr di t`k pbst. Hkt t`krk fk eink babdi ckrrycbmdia, wdtty tbhm bio

phkbsurk. Hkt t`k nhkraycki bio t`k hbycki (hbdty) rkturi te b hdgk eg cdrt` bio spertguhikss. Hkt t`krk fk sprdia di wditkr se

t`bt t`k siew di t`k frbin`ks eg wbtkr cby heem hdmk t`k fhessecs eg sprdia. Hkt dnk-ghew bheia t`k odtn`ks te cdrrer t`k

suihda`t. Hkt hevk di t`k ern`bro advk b grks` dcpktus te t`k sbp di t`k trkks. Hkt Cdrt` cbtn` ckhbinèhy.

Fknmkt rkphdks t`bt di t`k hdgk eg bi diodvdoubh cbi, t`k pbst nbi ikvkr rkturi. B wdsk cbi miews dt guhhy wkhh t`bt `k

nbiiet dighukink t`k neursk eg kvkits t`krkgerk, `k sèuho skvkr `ds neiikntdei wdt` pbst phkbsurks bio stbrt b ikw hdgk. _`k

_kcptkr wbris `dc iet te rkjknt t`k bttrbntdvk eggkr bio sbys B cbi wdhh egtki hevk w`bt `k spuris. @k precdsks te hkio te

Fknmkt `ds guhh suppert di nbsk `k bnnkpts t`k eggkr eg tèsk phkbsurks. Fknmkt rkjknts `ds tkcptbtdei eutrda`thy bio sbys te t`k

_kcptkr, Dt weuho fk fkttkr dg yeu wkrk te rkpkit eg yeur sdis bio gehhew t`k pbt` sèwi fy JK^[^ N@VD^_ distkbo eg

tbhmdia di t`ds geehds` cbiikr. _`k _kcptkr sbys kcp`btdnbhhy te Fknmkt, Teurk cbmdia b cdstbmk fy rkjkntdia cy eggkr

vbdihy yeu oeit miew t`bt sbgkty oeks iet hdk di prdok. Cerkevkr, yeu ikvkr boeptko t`ds typk eg stdgg cbiikr tewbros sdi bio

sdiikrs di t`k pbst. Teu wkrk rbt`kr grdkiohy wdt` t`k sdiikrs. _`k cbi wè tehkrbtks sdis kbts t`k fkst odiikrs. Fknmkt sbys,

Dts tee hbtk di cy hdgk ger ck te t`dim eg t`k phkbsurks eg cy yeut`. B hdgk eg skisueus okhda`ts ie heiakr bttrbnts ck. Fknmkt

odscdssko t`k tkcptbtdei wdt` t`k arkbtkst kbsk. _`k gdrst _kcptkr, t`krkupei okndoks te hkbvk Fknmkt te ds gbtk. @ewkvkr, k

sbys te Fknmkt, Teuhh `bvk te pby b cun` `da`kr prdnk ger t`k prdok w`dn` yeu tbmk di yeur rkhdadeus pdkty fknbusk `k dsdinhdiko te diouhak di `da`kr vdnks (`ds prdok di `ds rkhdadeus pdkty bio di `ds bsnktdn wby eg hdgk).

_`k ^kneio _kcptkr iew brrdvks. @k rkcdios Fknmkt eg t`k ckktdias w`dn` Fknmkt `bo `kho wdt` Mdia @kiry bt

vbrdeus phbnks (Nhbrkioei di 227?, Iert`bcptei di 247?, bio Ceitcdrbhh di 2274) wdt` b vdkw te odsnussdia t`k pessdfdhdty

eg b pbnt fktwkki t`k sknuhbr bio t`k knnhksdbstdnbh butèrdtdks. @k sby te Fknmkt, Teu `bo cbok b cdstbmk fy rksdaidia

N`binkhhers`dp bio t`k sknuhbr pewkr bttbn`ko te dt w`dn` `bvk freua`t te yeu b pkrcbikit rkiewi. Teu neuho rknkdvk b

nkrkceidbh bio dcprkssdvk furdbh ei yeur okbt` bio b ceiuckit eg cbrfhk cda`t fk fudht evkr `ds arbvk.

@k bhse tkhhs Fknmkt t`bt werhohy pewkr sèuho iet fk cdsuiokrsteeo bs cboikss. @k bhse suaaksts t`bt Fknmkt

sèuho kxkrndsk sknuhbr butèrdty di t`ds werho bio prbntdsk pdkty bio bsnktdndsc di t`k hdgk te neck. @k sèuho rkabdi

N`binkhhers`dp di erokr te bocdidstkr t`k neuitry eink cerk uiokr t`k pbtreibak eg Mdia @kiry. Di t`ds wby, `k nbi

pretknt t`k peer, pkibhdsk t`k cdsn`dkveus bio uiruhy khkckits di t`k neuitry, strkiat`ki t`k hbws, odspkisk justdnk te bhh

bio ruhk t`k neuitry ger t`k aeeo eg t`k pkephk. @ds nbrkkr bs bi Brn`fdsèp eihy fkstews upei `dc t`k ckbidiahkss

spdrdtubh pewkr sdink dt wèhhy okvetks `dc te rkhdadei bio fdios `dc te hkbo b hdgk eg kbrt`hy obcibtdei. Fknmkt weuhockrkhy fk b pewkrhkss skrvbit eg b pewkrhkss \epk wdtèut sknuhbr butèrdty. Fknmkt ds bgrbdo t`bt t`k Fdsèps wèc `k

`bo kxneccuidnbtko weuho jedi t`k fbreis bio eppesk `dc dg `k bnnkpts N`binkhhers`dp babdi. _`k _kcptkr sbys, _`k

eppesdtdei eg t`k Fdsèps bio t`k fbreis weuho fk neuitkrko fy t`k suppert kxtkioko te yeu fy t`k Mdia bio t`k

pkbsbitry. Fknmkt sbys, B cbi okvetko te t`k skrvdnk eg Aeo nbi okrdvk ie phkbsurk er ahery grec werhohy pewkr. _`k

_kcptkr sbys, _`krk ds ie pedit di hesdia eikskhg necphktkhy di t`k wers`dp eg Aeo pewkr ds prkskit. @ehdikss `krkbgtkr.

Vkbh pewkr hdks di t`k prkskit ger `dc wè ds rkboy te wdkho dt.

Fknmkt oknhdiks te bnnkpt t`k skneio _kcptkrs eggkr eg t`k N@BINKHHEV^@D\ fknbusk `k pesskssks spdrdtubh

butèrdty w`dn` ds cerk dcpertbit bs dt kcpewkrs dc te bocdt pkephk te kbvki er te skio t`kc te khh bnnerodia te t`kdr


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ckrdts bio okckrdts. Bs Brn`fdsèp, `k okrdvks t`k pewkr grec \epk. te fdio bio te heesk= te skio t`k sdiikrs te

obcibtdei bio te neiokci kvki Mdias. Dt weuho fk sdhhy ei `ds pbrt te barkk te skrvk bceia t`k skrvbits eg t`k Mdia fy

geraedia t`k suprkck pewkr di Kiahbio. Fknmkt neisdokrs t`k _kcptkrs eggkr skrdeushy bio rkjknts dt. _`k skneio _kcptkr

hkbvks Fknmkt te `ds gbtk fknbusk `ds prdok ds ditehkrbfhk bio t`bt t`k Mdias cki weuho seei peuink upei `dc. Fknmkt

gkkhs `bppy te `bvk spuriko `ds eggkr. Dt weuho ckbi b okarbobtdei ger `dc te rkturi te t`k efjknt skrvdnk eg t`k Mdia fy

okskrtdia `ds okodnbtdei te t`k skrvdnk eg Aeo.

_`ki brrdvks t`k t`dro _kcptkr. Fknmkt ds iet surprdsko te skk `dc bs `k `bo fkki kxpkntdia `dc. _`k _kcptkr sbys,

Dc iet b grdveheus pkrsei ier bc D b pehdtdndbi. D oe iet dohk bwby cy tdck er spkio dt di pehdtdnbh ditrdauk bt t`k reybh

neurt. @k oksnrdfks dcskhg b neuitry. Bnnerodia te dc, t`k neuitry heros brk t`k fbnmfeik eg t`k ibtdei. _`ky brk iet t`kphettdia pbrbsdtks wè evkr breuio t`k Mdia. @k nhbrdgdks dt te Fknmkt t`bt dt weuho fk bfsehutkhy gutdhk te strdvk te wdi t`k

Mdias gbveur eink babdi fknbusk b grdkios`dp eink fremki nbi ikvkr fk rk-kstbfhds`ko. _`ky bo fkki grdkios bt eik tdck

fut turiko kikcdks te kbn`-et`kr wdt` t`k pbssbak eg tdck. _`k ckitdei eg pbst grdkios`dp wdt` @kiry DD cevks Fknmkts

`kbrt. @k kxnhbdcs E @kiry, Ecy Mdia. _`k _kcptkr suaakst `dc te gerc bi bhhdbink wdt` et`kr gernks di t`k neuitry.

_`k _kcptkr sbys, Mdia @kiry fkheias te BIJE[ (di GVBINK), w`dhk Fknmkt ds b Iercbi. Hkt Fknmkt cbmk Mdia

@kiry okstrey `dcskhg t`reua` t`k fbtthks t`bt `k ds gda`tdia di Grbink. _`k Mdia oeks iet uiokrstbio t`k KIAHD^@

fbreis. @k bovdsks Fknmkt te jedi t`k pewkrguh pbrty rkprkskitko fy t`k fbreis. _`k fbreis wdhh fk `da`hy fkikgdtko grec

t`kdr bhhdbink wdt` t`k Nùrn` fknbusk t`k \epks fhkssdia weuho fk b pewkrguh pretkntdei ger t`kc. _`ky cust iet bhhew

t`k Mdia te wdkho uiokr er evkrouk butèrdty evkr t`kc er evkr t`k Nùrn`. Fknmkt rkphdks t`bt k oeks iet trust kdt`kr t`k

fbreis er t`k Mdia. @k nbi trust ieik khsk, fut Aeo bheik.

Fknmkt wbs iet surk w`kt`kr t`k fbreis weuho ne-epkrbtk wdt` `dc guhhy di eppesdia t`k Mdia bio odcdids`dia t`k

Mdias arewdia pewkr. @k bhse rkbhdzks dt t`bt t`krk ds ie rkbsei w`y t`k Mdia sèuho fk bhhewko te wdkho butèrdty evkrt`k fbreis, t`k Brn`fdsèp bio t`k Nùrn` eg Kiahbio. _`ky (Nùrn` bio fbreis) sèuho rbt`kr bvk t`kdr ewi jurdsodntdei.

Fknmkt rkjknts t`k _kcptkrs eggkr fknbusk `k obrk iet eppesk t`k Mdia wè bt eik tdck `bo fkki grdkiohy te `dc

bio fknbusk `k `bo ie gbdt` di t`k fbreis. @ew obrk `k frkbm t`k pewkr eg t`k Mdia, Qèsk butèrdty `k `bo bt eik tdck

strkiat`kiko. @k miews dt guhhy wkhh t`bt t`k fbreis brk hdmk wehvks. _`krkgerk, k weuho iet hdmk te prevk dcskhg b trbdter

te t`k Mdia ger t`kdr sbmk. Dt weuho iet fk b seuio pehdny ger `dc te cbmk bio t`ki te frkbm fknbusk `k weuho frkbm

`dcskhg t`reua` t`ds prenkss. @k bhse rkckcfkrs t`k obys w`ki t`k Mdia usko te gbveur `dc bio `k usko te ruhk bs t`k

N`binkhher bio `bo odstdiauds`ko `dcskhg iet eihy di t`k brt eg bocdidstrbtdei fut bhse di t`k smdhhs eg t`k fbtthkgdkho. _`k

neurtdkrs usko te wbhm bt `ds oeer hdmk bttkiobits. Wdkwdia bio neisdokrdia bhh t`k bfevk gbnters Fknmkt rkjknts t`k t`dro

_kcptkrs eggkr.

_`k geurt` _kcptkr brrdvks iew. @k bpprevks eg Fknmkts odscdssbh eg t`k eggkr eg t`k gdrst t`rkk _kcptkrs. @k eggkrs ds

grdkios`dp te Fknmkt wè oeks iet kvki rkneaidsk dc. Fknmkt ds surprdsko bt ds uikxpkntko brrdvbh. _`k _kcptkr sbys, _`k

Mdia weuho iet trust biy cbi wè `bs eink fkneck `ds kikcy. _`krkgerk, t`k rkvdvbh eg t`kdr grdkios`dp ds eut eg qukstdei.

Kvki dg yeu fkneck `ds suppertkr eink babdi, t`k Mdia weuho utdhdsk `ds skrvdnks bs heia bs iknkssbry bio weuho t`ki nrus`

`dc. Teu sèuho iet kxpknt biy gkbhty (heybhty) grec t`k fbreis fknbusk t`kyrk hksskr cki t`bi t`k Mdia. @kink, t`kdr kivy

ds cerk obiakreus t`bi t`k Mdias biakr. _`k fbreis bdc bt prdvbtk pregdt eihy w`krkbs t`k Mdia bdcs bt oedia seck aeeo te

t`k pufhdn. Fknmkts fknecks fkwdhokrko. @k ds bt b hess te okndok w`dn` eg t`k twe ds t`k rda`t bntdei ger `dc.

_`k _kcptkr bovdsks Fknmkt te neitdiuk pursudia t`k neursk eg bntdei w`dn` `k `bs bhrkboy nèski ger `dcskhg.

\hkbsurk, werhohy butèrdty bio t`k kxkrndsk eg pewkr brk disdaidgdnbit bs necpbrko te t`k pesskssdei eg spdrdtubh pewkr.

Eik wè kxkrndsks butèrdty evkr t`k pkephk uiokr t`k Mdias supkrvdsdei `bs te prbntdsk sknrkny, nuiidiaikss bio

odphecbny. ^knuhbr butèrdty neinkris dtskhg wdt` kpdokcdns, rkvehutdeis, ikw neispdrbndks, fbtthks, fremki trkbtdks ktn.

_`k Brn`fdsèp, ei t`k et`kr bio ehos t`k mkys eg kbvki bio khh bio t`k pewkr te fdio bio te heesk. @k kvki kijeys

spdrdtubh pewkr evkr t`k Fdsèps bio kvki evkr t`k Mdia bio nbi wdio er uiwdio t`k t`rkbo eg ktkribh hdgk bio okbt`. _`k

_kcptkr bspdrks te odrknt Fknmkts cdio te t`k ahery w`dn` k bs b cbrtyr wdhh kijey bgtkr okbt`. Ei skkmdia bio bn`dkvdia

cbrtyroec, Fknmkt weuho fkneck b sbdit bio weuho neitdiuk te ruhk evkr t`k `kbrts eg pkephk kvki bgtkr `ds okbt`. _`k

Mdias brk geraettki seei bgtkr t`ky qudt er odk er brk gehhewko fy et`krs, fut sbdits bio cbrtyr ruhk grec t`k tecf. Ei

fkdia rknkdvko bs b sbdit bio cbrtyr di `kbvki bgtkr `ds okbt`, Fknmkt weuho odscby `ds kikcdks bio grda`tki t`kc.

Cerkevkr, neuithkss okvetkks bio pdhardcs weuho neck te `ds tecf, fkio t`kdr mikks di ùcfhk prbykr bio pby `dc

ècbak. @k weuho t`ki bsteids` `ds okvetkks wdt` `ds cdrbnhks fut weuho grda`tki `ds kikcdks grec akikrbtdei te

akikrbtdei, `ds kikcdks (Mdia ktn.) weuho fk suggkrdia terckits di `khh.

_`k _kcptkr sbys t`bt k ds tkhhdia dc (Fknmkt) bhh t`ksk t`dias fknbusk k bs bhrkboy tèua`t evkr t`kc ourdia ds

ckodtbtdei bio ds di b pesdtdei boept t`k fkttkr eg t`k twe neursks eg bntdei. @k bs t`k rkbhdzbtdei t`bt iet`dia hbsts di t`ds

werho bio kvkits sdcphy neitdiuk te tbmk phbnk bio t`k w`kkh neitdiuks te turi ger kvkr.


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_`ki t`k gert` _kcptkr strdmks b odsnerobit ietk bio sbys Kvki b sbdit nbiiet kxpknt kvkrhbstdia okvetdei grec t`k

pkephk. Kvki t`k gbdt`guh okvetkks gersbmk b sbdit w`ki cdrbnhks nkbsk. _`krk ds kvkry pessdfdhdty t`bt t`k pkephk weuho

gerakt _ècbs Fknmkt, t`k sbdit er t`dim eg `dc eihy bs b cbi wè phbyko b nkrtbdi pbrt di `dstery.

_`k _kcptkr rksucks ds erdadibh brauckit bio sbys, Ie kbrt`hy rkiewi bio ie kbrt`hy prdok eg Mdia/kcpkrer nbi

fk necpbrko wdt` t`k `kbvkihy arbiokur eg b cbrtyr bio b sbdit. @kink `k uraks Fknmkt te gehhew t`k pbt` eg cbrtyroec

bio te bttbdi sbditèeo di kbvki fy cbmdia dc t`k hewkst ei kbrt` fut da` di kbvki (owkhhdia di t`k prkskink eg Aeo)

@ypenrdsy vdtdbtks cbrtyroec. Dt divehvks t`k sdi eg prdok t`reua` b okhdfkrbtk qukst ger cbrtyroec bio sbditèeo. Di `ds

sufneisndeus cdio, Fknmkt bs fkki ieurds`dia t`k sbck oksdrk bio t`k sbck suaakstdei eg t`k _kcptkr bs cbok b arkbt

dcpbnt ei `dc. @ewkvkr, `k rkbhdzks t`bt fy bdcdia bt sbditèeo bio bt pkrseibh ahery `k weuho fk neccdttdia t`k sdi egprdnk w`dn` ds puids`bfhk wdt` obcibtdei. _`krkgerk, `k bsm t`k _kcptkr te suaakst `dc t`k wby w`dn` oeks iet hkbo te

obcibtdei di prdok. _`k _kcptkr rkcdios Fknmkt eg `ds ewi weros ûggkrdia bio bntdei dreidnbhhy. Fknmkts rkbntdei te

t`k tkcptbtdei te spdrdtubh prdok bio te t`k ahery eg cbrtyroec ds okhbyko uihkss t`k Nèrus bs spemki eink babdi bio k

sbys, _`ds hbst tkcptbtdei ds t`k arkbtkst trkbsei, te oe t`k rda`t okko ger t`k wreia rkbsei. _`krkupei Fknmkt rkjknts t`k

Geurt` _kcptkr tee.

_e neinhuok, wk nbi sby t`bt t`k kitdrk odbheauk fktwkki Fknmkt bio t`k geur _kcptkrs sycfehdzks bi ditrespkntdvk

prenkss. _`k vdsdt eg t`k _kcptkrs prevdoks bi kxtkribh bio vdsdfhk gerc te Fknmkts ckitbh neighdnt Fknmkt fknecks

wert`y eg cbrtyroec fy wdiidia vdntery evkr t`k tkcptbtdei kspkndbhhy t`k hbst. @kink t`k tkcptbtdei snkik `bs b arkbt

orbcbtdn dcpertbink.

R. 0. Necckit ei t`k kxdtkitdbhdst khkckit di Qbdtdia ger Aeoet.

Bis. Qbdtdia ger Aeoet ds bi kxdstkitdbhdst phby fknbusk dt bs nhkbr tdits eg kxdstkitdbhdsc di dt. Dg wk stuoy t`k tkrc

kxdstkitdbhdsc wk weuho neck te miew t`bt dt ds b p`dhesep`dnbh oentrdik w`dn` hbys strkss ei t`k kxdstkink wdt` `ds

neinrktk kxpkrdkink bio sehdodtdks. @ewkvkr, Qbdtdia ger Aeoet ds bi kxdstkitdbhdst phby ger dt kcfeodks N`rdstdbi

kxdstkitdbhdsc. N`rdstdbi kxdstkitdbhdsc strkss t`k dokb t`bt:

D Aeo eihy, cbi cby gdio grkkoec ger tkisdei.

Ger N`rdstdbi, kxdstkitdbhdsc rkhdadeus hkbos te Aeo, w`krkbs bnnerodia te t`k Bt`kdstdn Kxdstkitdbhdsc, dt ds fbsko ei

t`k dokb eg Jkbi \buh ^brtrk bio Cbrtdi @kdokaakr wè stbtk t`bt:

Cbi ds bheik di b aeohkss uidvkrsk.

_`k necpbrbtdvk stuoy eg fet` p`dhesep`dks khps us te prevk Qbdtdia ger Aeoet bs b N`rdstdbi kxdstkitdbhdstdn phby.

Qk miew t`bt cbi ds neigreitdia t`k prefhkc eg ds kxdstkink bs b fkdia. @k ds strdvdia ger ds survdvbh bio te neitreh

t`k frdohk eg t`k pbndia tdck. @k ds struaahdia te sbvk `ds "diodvdoubhdty" bio t`ds vkry dokb hkbos te t`k p`dhesep`y eg

kxdstkitdbhdsc.

_`k wero Kxdstkitdbhdsc stbios ger eiks bwbrkikss eg eiks fkdiaikss. Dt stbios ger b vdtbh prdindpbh eg hdgk."Qbdtdia ger Aeoet" rkskcfhks t`k kxdstkitdbhdst hdtkrbturk fknbusk dt okbhs iet eihy wdt` kxdstkink er dokitdty fut bhse wdt`

t`k ceckitbry bio t`k ditkribh tdck. _`k tdck ckitdeiko di "Qbdtdia ger Aeoet" ds rkhbtko te cbi's ckitbh neiodtdei. Ger

distbink, t`k cbjer prefhkc ger t`k trbcps ds te cbmk tdck pbss di sun` b wby t`bt t`ky brk hkbst fet`krko fy dt. Whbodcdr

bio Kstrbaei neistbithy necphbdi eg t`k shewikss eg tdck pbssdia bio oe t`kdr fkst te ùrry dt wdt` t`kdr gutdhk odvkrsdeis.

Kstrbaei sbys:

Iet`dia `bppkis, iefeoy necks, iefeoy aeks, dts bwguh.

Fut wk miew t`bt eutsdok t`k ibturbh tdck, dts neiskqukinks ghew ei. Ger kxbcphk, t`k trkk `bs arewi gdvk er sdx

hkbvks. \ezze `bs arewi fhdio bio Hunmy oucf. @krk Kstrbaei rkcbrms:

_`ky bhh n`biak, eihy wk iet.

Dt sèuho fk ietko t`bt wbdtdia t`k ibturbh neursk eg tdck, t`ky t`dim t`ky weuho fkhdkvk t`kcskhvks grec bhh eg t`kdr

prefhkcs wdtèut oedia biy kggert. _`ky cda`t odk ibturbhhy bio sbvk t`k kggert eg `biadia t`kcskhvks.

_`krk ds b odstdintdei fktwkki t`k ceckitbry bio ktkribh tdck ger dt okbhs wdt` t`k qukstdei eg kxdstkink bio dokitdty.

_`ds odggkrkink nbi bhse fk skki di t`ds phby. Di Qbdtdia ger Aeoet p`ysdnbh tdck ds secktdcks tbmki skrdeushy bio

secktdcks dt ds rdodnuhko er neiokciko. Kstrbaei eink sunnkkos di neigusdia Whbodcdr bfeut t`k pbssbak eg tdck bs wkhh

bs bfeut t`k oby eg wkkm. Di t`k sbck skitkink t`k trbcps spkbm eg b cdhhdei ykbrs bae bio di t`k idiktdks. Qk `bvk ie

rkbsei te fk nkrtbdi t`bt t`k skneio oksnrdptdei ds biyeik gbntubh t`bi t`k gdrst.

Oeufts bfeut tdck cbmk t`k trbcps oeuftguh bfeut t`kdr kxdstkink bio dokitdty. Eik trbcp nhbdcs te fk eg t`k pbrt, dt

ds oeuftko fy t`k et`kr. _`kdr ewi dokitdty bio kxdstkink di tdck ds bhse qukstdeibfhk. Eik oby skkcs te `bvk khbpsko

fktwkki t`k gdrst bnt bio t`k skneio, ykt dt fknecks kxtrkckhy odggdnuht te odggkrkitdbtk t`ds oby wdt` t`k prkvdeus fy biy

dcpertbit p`ysdnbh kvdokink.


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_`k phby Qbdtdia ger Aeoet `bs bhh t`k trbdts eg kxdstkitdbhdsc fet` Whbodcdr bio Kstrbaei rkprkskit t`k cbi di

akikrbh wè ds gbndia t`k prefhkcs eg `ds kxdstkink di t`ds werho. _`ky brk ditkrokpkiokit hdmk bhh et`kr cbi. @epk ger

sbhvbtdei ds t`k sufjknt eg phby bio ds t`k prefhkc gbnko fy t`k wèhk ùcbi rbnk. Vkprkskitdia t`k cbi di akikrbh, t`k

twe trbcps rkbhdzk t`k gutdhdty eg t`kdr kxkrndsk bio wk ietk t`bt t`ky brk ckrkhy gdhhdia up t`k èurs wdt` t`k pedithkss

bntdvdty. @kink t`kdr 'wbdtdia' ds ckn`bidnbh bio okbhs wdt` prefhkc eg kxdstkitdbhdsc.

_e neinhuok wk sby t`bt t`k wèhk pdnturk sèws b prktty epkhkssikss. Ikdt`kr tdck ier kxdstkink, ikdt`kr rkbhdty ier

ckcery er t`k pbst `bvk biy ckbidia er sdaidgdnbink. Bnts brk ckbidiahkss, tdck oeks iet ghew neisknutdvkhy, ckcery

skkcs oknkptdvk, kxdstkink ds bi dcprkssdei er pkr`bps b orkbc bio `bppdikss ds kxtrkckhy bio bgghdntdei ds nrystbh nhkbr

t`reua` t`k sdtubtdei eg twe trbcps. _`ky brk ei t`k pedit eg fknecdia èhhew p`dhesep`dks eg kxdstkink fut okcbio ieet`kr kqudpckit di bi buodkink t`bi t`k feio eg neccei pkrnkptdei.

R. 4. Odsunsss Heem Fbnm di Biakr grec t`k gkcdidst \krspkntdvk.

Bis. _`k t`kck eg t`k phbyHeem Fbnm di Biakr ds gbcdhdbr kieua`. Jdccys cbrrdbak wdt` Bhdsei, rbpdohy frkbms

oewi tèua` t`ky s`brko nkrtbdi bggkntdei bio phbyko t`k fkbr bio squdrrkh phby qudtk egtki eihy ei t`k ghdcsy areuio t`bt

s`k mkpt dreidia nhet`ks kiohksshy, bio `bo rkauhbr nerrkspeiokink wdt` `kr cet`kr wdtèut ckitdeidia `ds ibck (bs dg

Jdccys ibck wkrk b odrty wero). Jdccy nbhhs Bhdsei bs b wecbi wdt` t`k pbssdeis eg b pytèi bio w`kikvkr k bppkis

te `bvk skxubh ditkrneursk wdt` `kr. ^`k just okveurs `dc wèhk kvkry tdck bs dg `k wkrk seck hbrak rbffdt. @k bhse nbhhs

`kr Hboy \usdhhbidceus. @k akts biieyko w`ki @khkib necks te stery di `ds ghbt. @k nbi `brohy stbio t`bt wecbi

(@khkib) wè wbs `ds ibturbh kikcy. @k kcfdttkrs Bhdseis hdgk bio cbmks dt `khhds`. _`k peer hboy neuho ikdt`kr frkbm

t`k wkoodia, ier skkm odvernk fknbusk s`k bo cbrrdko dc eut eg hevk bio ghebtdia kr pbrkits eppesdtdei (wecki bvk

kda`tgeho skx bio hevk-cbrrdbaks brk cesthy fremki cbrrdbaks).

Nhdgg Hkwds ds Jdccys pbrtikr di ds ghbt. @k ds kvki tkcpkrko bio ds b idnk gkhhew. @k ds b ckodbter fktwkki Jdccybio Bhdsei. @k tee nrbnms uiokr t`k strbdi eg Jdccys neitdiueus vkrfbh bssbuhts. B cbrrdko pkrsei usubhhy oeks iet

tehkrbtk t`k prkskink eg b t`dro pkrsei kvki dg `k cby fk b akc. Dt ds ùcbi ibturk bio wkbmikss.

_`k cdoohk-nhbss pkephk oe iet hdmk te akt t`kdr obua`tkrs cbrrdko te b pkrsei fkheiadia te hewkr strbtb eg sendkty. Kvki

dg t`k cbrrdbak ds sehkcidsko babdist t`kdr wds`ks, t`ky oe iet nbrk b gda ger t`k skitdckits eg t`k frdokareec. Bhdseis

cet`kr ikvkr ckitdeiko Jdccys ibck ourdia `kr nerrkspeiokink wdt` Bhdsei. @kr gbt`kr bhse teem `kr bwby di Jdccys

bntdei. Dt ckbis t`k bidcesdty fktwkki Jdccy bio Bhdseis pbrkits wbs rkspeisdfhk ger reffdia Bhdsei eg `kr ckitbh pkbnk.

_`k phbyHeem Fbnm di Biakrds tèreua`hy butefdearbp`dnbh. Hdmk t`k butèr, t`k `kre wbs bhse divehvko di t`k

Nhbss-wbr. Hdmk Esferik, Jdccy wbs bhse feri di b purdtbi (wermdia nhbss) gbcdhy. Fet` wkrk prevko eg t`kdr ùcfhk

erdadi. Jdccy wbs b cbi eg sendbh, rbt`kr t`bi b skxubh iestbhadb (skvkr ècksdnmikss, serrewguh heiadia ger neiodtdeis

eg b pestbak, rkarktguh er wdstguh ckcery eg kbrhdkr tdcks) di Jdccys r`kterdn bfeut neheikh Vkogkri (Bhdseis gbt`kr).

_`k neheikh gkkhs t`bt t`k sui oeks iet s`dik ger `dc biy cerk. Bgtkr `bvdia `kho b pesdtdei eg butèrdty di Diodb fkgerk

`kr hdfkrbtdei, `k iew gkkhs bfsehutkhy uidcpertbit bio uiwbitko. @ds hdgk di Diodb skkcs te `bvk vbids`ko hdmk b orkbc.@k pdtdks w`y `ds prkvdeus hdgk oeks iet ae ei ger kvkr. (@k wbs b neccbiokr di b Cb`brbjbs brcy di bi Diodbi stbtk

fkgerk Diodb fknbck diokpkiokit). Kvki tèua` Jdccy `bo ie werho eg `ds ewi, `k teem phkbsurk di rkarkttdia t`k

pbssdia eg seckeik khsk.

Jdccy ds pregeuiohy skitdckitbh. @ds dcpetkit biakr wbs iet akikrbtko fy t`k hess eg aeeo, frbvk, nbusks. Dt wbs

rbt`kr diounko fy bi ditbiadfhk ykt drrkpbrbfhk pkrseibh hess k.a. ds gbt`krs okbt` w`ki k wbs eihy b fey. @ds biakr wbs

bhse baarbvbtko fy Jdccys prehktbrdbi bio Bhdseis uppkr-nhbss upfrdiadia. Dt nrkbtko dineiarudty di `ds t`dimdia bio

fk`bvdeur. Dt `bs odcdids`ko t`kdr cbrrdbak bio `bs rkiokrko t`kc skxubhhy dibrtdnuhbtk. _`k fkbrs bio squdrrkhs abck

necpkisbtks t`kdr gbdhurk te cbditbdi nerodbh rkhbtdeis bio strkiat`kis t`kdr rkhbtdeis.

_`ds phby ds fudht bheia trbodtdeibh hdik. Jdccy okpkios `kbvdhy ei `ds pbst ger t`k rbw cbtkrdbhs eg `ds r`kterdn.

Fksdoks, `k `bs b tkiokiny te rkpkbt `dcskhg. _èua` `k wbs b uidvkrsdty arboubtk ykt sendkty odo iet prevdok `dc

ckbidiaguh bio èieurbfhk ennupbtdei. Bi uppkr nhbss gbcdhy eppesko `ds cbrrdbak wdt` t`kdr obua`tkr wè hevko `dc

sdcphk ei t`k gdhcs areuio t`bt k fkheiako te b wermdia-nhbss gbcdhy. @ds gbt`krs okbt` bhse fremk ds fbnm bio advk dc

kxpkrdkink eg hevk, fktrbybh bio `khphkssikss. Cest eg `ds spkkn`ks wkrk fbsko ei t`ksk dindokits. _`k fk`bvdeur eg `ds

hbiohero wdt` Bhdsei bio eg t`k hbiohboys reffdia bttdtuok bhse ikvkr gbok grec `ds ckcery. _èua` `k hkbris b aeeo

hdvkhdèeo t`reua` ruiidia b swkkt-stbhh ykt Bhdseis pbrkits oe iet neisdokr dc b sudtbfhk cbtn` kvki ger t`kdr èuskèho

bio uikounbtko obua`tkr.

_`k bntdei eg t`k phby fkadis ei bi Kiahds` uioby bgtkrieei. Dt ds b stbtdn ennbsdei ger Jdccy wè gkkhs ferko. _`k

pes` ûioby ikwspbpkrs, Bhdseis dreidia febro bio `kr kiohksshy dreidia nhet`ks bio t`k fheeoy Nùrn`-fkhhs ref

`dc eg `ds ckitbh pkbnk. Esferik sèws tknìdnbh cbturdty di epkidia t`k gdrst bio t`dro bnts eg t`k phby di dokitdnbh

skttdias. @khkib, bhse boepts t`k sbck reutdik eg dreidia nhet`ks. `k ds di nerrdadfhk bio baarkssdvk. `k hbnms gerfkbrbink.



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Hdmk b fkhhdnesk er fkhhdakrkit wecbi s`k shbps Jdccy w`ki `k t`rkbtkis `kr. ^`k ds b mdhh-jey bio bfkts Bhdsei bio akts

t`kdr oeckstdndty odsruptko. _`ds sert eg bpt nrbgtscbis`dp ds kitdrkhy bppreprdbtk te t`k t`kck eg t`k phby.

@ua`s cet`kr ds b prehktbrdbi sufstdtutk ger Jdccys ewi cet`kr (grec wèc `k `bo gkht `dcskhg kstrbiako). Fut

s`k (@uaks cet`kr) hdvks bio odks eggstbak. Jdccys gdrst cdstrkss, Cbokhdik wbs biet`kr cet`kr-sufstdtutk ger dc. `k

ds bhse bi eggstbak n`brbntkr. @kr pertrbybh ds b tknìdnbh ghbw ei Esferiks pbrt. Bhdseis cdsnbrrdbaks ds bhse evkr-tdckhy.

_`ds cds`bp ckbis t`bt t`k fkbrs-bio-squdrrkhs abck weuho fkneck kvki cerk vdtbh bs b ckbis eg cbmdia t`k eho

kxdstkink kiourbfhk. Dt ds t`k tknìdnbh ghbw iet te sèw b squbhhdia (snrkbcdia) n`dho di Jdccys bttdn te n`biak t`k

sdtubtdei bio frdia bfeut t`k rkneindhdbtdei fktwkki Bhdsei bio Jdccy.

@khkibs brrdvbh twdsts t`k sdtubtdei di Jdccys èusk b arkbt okbh. Q`ki Jdccy cbmks cenmdia bio odspbrbadianecckits ei Bhdsei, Bhdseis cet`kr bio ei @khkib, s`k sbys t`bt k okskrvks te fk shbppko ger tbhmdia di t`ds uiphkbsbit

cbiikr. Jdccy sbys t`bt, dg s`k shbps `dc, `k wdhh iet `ksdtbtk te shbp `kr di rkturi. _`ds sert eg fk`bvdeur ei t`k pbrt eg

t`k aukst bio t`k èst ds qudtk uifkgdttdia ger fet` eg t`kc. @khkibs distbit skountdei eg Jdccy bgtkr nbusdia Bhdseis

okpbrturk bio `kr suooki rkiuindbtdei seei bgtkr Bhdseis rkturi brk uisbtdsgbntery bio neiokcibfhk dindokits.

Nhdgg oksnrdfks dcskhg bs

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MEG-2-EM.pdf