Consumo: variedades

Concentração de ingredientes psicoativos

Nações Unidas sobre Drogas e Crime:

Potência de 3,3% em 1983 para 8,77% em 2006

Prevenção Nacional contra Cannabis

Flores femininas ( THC)

Folhas/ Pedúnculo/sementes

( THC)

Reino Unido (2008) promoveu a droga da classe C para B

Cannabis flower

Variedades de preparações

Folhas ou flores secas

Variedades de preparações

Kief

Variedades de preparações

Haxixe

Variedades de preparações

Tintura

Variedades de preparações

Oléo de haxixe

Variedades de preparações

Skunk

Consumo: droga adulterada

Metais pesados diluídos no cultivo

Caco de vidro

Chumbo

Giz

Métodos de consumo

Mecanismo bioquímico de ação

Persistência de canabinoides no corpo

THC age nos receptores CB1 e CB2 (córtex, cerebelo e hipocampo)

THC tem ação competitiva no CB1, inibindo a adenilato ciclase

Aumenta a liberação de dopamina

Política: Proibir X Legalizar

Política: Proibir X Legalizar

Legalização

Redução da população penitenciária

Prevenção de crimes (tráfico)

Desorganização dos pilares do crime organizado

Utilização de uma maconha de mais qualidade

Efeitos benéficos

Proibição

Uso “contagioso”

Aumento dos gastos com saúde pública

Danos e sofrimentos aos outros

Porta de entrada para outras drogas

Efeitos prejudiciais

Referências

• Polêmica: Maconha deve ser descriminalizada e legalizada? Por Danilo Baltieri http://www2.uol.com.br/vyaestelar/marcha_da_maconha.htm

• Joseph W. Jacob; Joseph W. Jacob B. a. M. P. a. (2009).Medical Uses of Marijuana. Trafford Publishing. p. 129.

• "FDA: Inter-Agency Advisory Regarding Claims That Smoked Marijuana Is a Medicine". Fda.gov. Retrieved 2011-03-26.

• "American Society of Addiction Medicine: State-Level Proposals to Legalize Marijuana, July 25, 2012". Asam.org. 2012-07-25. doi:10.1136/jech.2010.129056. Retrieved 2013-07-12.

• "18 Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC". ProCon.org. 2012-12-06. Retrieved 2013-01-07.

• "FDA: Inter-Agency Advisory Regarding Claims That Smoked Marijuana Is a Medicine". FDA.gov. 2006. Retrieved 2010-09-20.

• "Medical Marijuana Inc Reports - France to Legalize Marijuana". Retrieved 2013-06-18.

• "Medical Marijuana Investing Expands". Retrieved 2013-06-18.

• "Frequently Asked Questions – Medical Marihuana". Hc-sc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2010-01-02.

• "The experiment: Another blow against prohibition". The Economist. 1 August 2013.

• McLaren, Jennifer; Lemon, Jim; Robins, Lisa; Mattick, Richard P. (February 2008). Cannabis and Mental Health: Put into Context. National Drug Strategy Monograph Series. Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Retrieved 17 October 2009.

• Harding, Anne (2008-11-03). "Pot-induced psychosis may signal schizophrenia". Reuters. Retrieved 2013-01-03.

• Henquet, C.; Krabbendam, L.; Spauwen, J.; Kaplan, C.; Lieb, R.; Wittchen, H. -U.; Van Os, J. (2005). "Prospective cohort study of cannabis use, predisposition for psychosis, and psychotic symptoms in young people".

Referências • Simeon, Daphne (2004). "Depersonalization disorder: a contemporary overview". CNS Drugs 18 (6): 343–

54.doi:10.2165/00023210-200418060-00002.PMID 15089102. • "The BEACH Project". Retrieved 17 October 2009.

http://blog.uvm.edu/jrhughes/files/2011/11/10.1.1.175.3772.pdf • Christian Rätsch (2001). Marijuana Medicine: A World Tour of the Healing and Visionary Powers of Cannabis.

Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-89281-933-1. • Lester Grinspoon (2008). "Cannabis and Schizophrenia". Scribd.com. Retrieved 2013-01-07. • Stokes PR, Mehta MA, Curran HV, Breen G, Grasby PM. (15 October 2009). "Can recreational doses of THC

produce significant dopamine release in the human striatum?".NeuroImage 48 (1): 186–90.doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.029.PMID 19539765.

• "Relative Addictiveness of Drugs". The New York Times. Tfy.drugsense.org. 1994-08-02. Retrieved 2013-01-03. • RAND study casts doubt on claims that marijuana acts as "gateway" to the use of cocaine and heroin. RAND

Corporation. 2002-12-02. Archived from the original on 2006-11-04. • Arthur Benavie (University of North Carolina) (2009).Drugs: America's Holy War. Routledge. pp. 90–.ISBN 978-0-

7890-3840-1. • Torabi MR, Bailey WJ, Majd-Jabbari M (1993). "Cigarette Smoking as a Predictor of Alcohol and Other Drug Use by

Children and Adolescents: Evidence of the "Gateway Drug Effect"". The Journal of School Health 63 (7): 302–6.doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1993.tb06150.x.PMID 8246462.

• Australian Government Department of Health: National Cannabis Strategy Consultation Paper, p. 4. "Cannabishas been described as a 'Trojan Horse' for nicotine addiction, given the usual method of mixing Cannabis with tobacco when preparing marijuana for administration."

• Hall WD, Lynskey M (January 2005). "Is Cannabis A Gateway Drug? Testing Hypotheses About the Relationship Between Cannabis Use and the Use of Other Illicit Drugs".Drug and Alcohol Review 24 (1): 39–48.doi:10.1080/09595230500126698. PMID 16191720.

Referências

• Clayton J. Mosher; Scott Akins (2007). Drugs and Drug Policy: The Control of Consciousness Alteration. SAGE Publications. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-7619-3007-5. • Saitz, Richard (2003-02-18). "Is marijuana a gateway drug?". Journal Watch 2003 (218): 1. • Degenhardt, Louisa et al. (2007). "Who are the new amphetamine users? A 10-year prospective study of young Australians". Addiction 102 (8): 1269–

79.doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01906.x.PMID 17624977. • Morral AR, McCaffrey DF, Paddock SM (2002)."Reassessing the marijuana gateway effect". Addiction 97(12): 1493–504. doi:10.1046/j.1360-

0443.2002.00280.x.PMID 12472629. • "Marijuana Policy Project- FAQ". Archived from the original on 2008-06-22. • Ellgren, Maria (9 February 2007). Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis (in English and Swedish).

Stockholm.ISBN 978-91-7357-064-0. • Ellgren, Maria; Spano, Sabrina M; Hurd, Yasmin L (2006). "Adolescent Cannabis Exposure Alters Opiate Intake and Opioid Limbic Neuronal Populations in Adult

Rats".Neuropsychopharmacology 32 (3): 607–615.doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301127. PMID 16823391. • "Risk of marijuana's 'gateway effect' overblown, new research shows". Sciencedaily.com. 2010-09-02. Retrieved 2010-09-20. • Yann Le Strat, Bernard Le Foll (2011-08-24). "Obesity and cannabis use: results from 2 representative national surveys". Am. J. Epidemiol. 174 (8): 929–

33.doi:10.1093/aje/kwr200. PMID 21868374. • Kim, Leland (2012-01-10). "Marijuana shown to be less damaging to lungs than tobacco". UCSF.edu. Retrieved 2013-01-25. • Kochanowski, M.; Kała, M. (2005). "Tetrahydrocannabinols in clinical and forensic toxicology". Przeglad lekarski 62 (6): 576–580. • ElSohly MA, Ross SA, Mehmedic Z, Arafat R, Yi B, Banahan BF (January 2000). "Potency Trends of delta9-THC and Other Cannabinoids in Confiscated Marijuana from

1980 to 1997". Journal of Forensic Sciences 45 (1): 24–30. • Rudgley, Richard (1998). Lost Civilisations of the Stone Age. New York: Free Press. • Franck, Mel (1997). Marijuana Grower's Guide. Red Eye Press. p. 3. • Rubin, Vera D (1976). Cannabis and Culture. Campus Verlag. p. 305. • Cunliffe, Barry W (2001). The Oxford Illustrated History of Prehistoric Europe. Oxford University Press. p. 405. • "Bard 'used drugs for inspiration'". BBC News. 2001-03-01. Retrieved 2009-08-07. • "Drugs clue to Shakespeare's genius". CNN (Turner Broadcasting System). 2001-03-01. Retrieved 2009-08-07 • John G. Bourke (1984-01-05). "Popular medicine, customs, and superstitions of the Rio Grande". Journal of American folklore 7–8: 138. • "(Record of "marijuan" sample submitted by Bourke to the National Museum, 1892)". • Bourke cites an anonymous writer in the "Evening Star", Washington, D. C., January 13, 1894 for additional remarks on the use of mariguan and Jamestown weed by

inhabitants of the area.

OBRIGADO!