Fondamentaux du projet decisionnel

8/14/2019 Fondamentaux du projet decisionnel

1/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe ;

Jox f`mnkgom~ku| nu

yq`co~ nhdx d`mmoj

JOX F@MNKGOM K_\ N_ YQ@CO^ NHDXD@MMOJ XTX^GO NO KAJOK_\ NO A@QN

;1 hlox yqk~d{uox y`uq h`mhov`dqo~ qkjdxoq jo xtx~go nhdxd`mmoj f`mn xuq um yqdmhdyo

no ~kajoku| no a`qn no ydj`~keo qykq~dx

Kjkdm Foqmkmnos M`noxktHo n`hugom~ ox~ ndx `mdajo om ~jhlkq ogom~ jdaqo xuq jo xd~o - dj ~oq-`q
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2/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe 1

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojJo yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj

Kxxuqoq jk h`mnud~o ofhkho nu yq`co~

_~djdxk~d`m o~ h`ytqdel~

Ho jdvqo ajkmh ox~ xùx h`ytqdel~ o~ yq`~e ykq jo nq`d~ nku~ouq-

Dj ox~ f`qgojjogom~ dm~oqnd~ no yqjovoq nox o|~qkd~x* no jo fqkh~d`mmoq* no jo g`ndfdoq ù n~oq jk gom~d`mno jku~ouq ù nu h`ytqdel~ no hùvoq~uqo o~ no akx no ykeo-Ho jdvqo ajkmh n`d~ qox~oq om~doq-

Jo jdvqo ajkmh F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj ox~ eqk~ud~-Vùx yùvos jo h`ydoq xuq v`~qo y`x~o o~ jo ndffuxoq kuyqx no v`x yq`hlox* qojk~d`mx o~ h`m~kh~x-

Mlxd~os ykx jo fkdqo h`mmk~qo- Ndffuxos jo ù h`ggumd{uos jo jdom xudvkm~ 3l~~y3//uuu-ydj`~oq-`qe/jdvqox'ajkmhx'ynf/

Nku~qox n`xxdoqx x`m~ ~jhlkqeoq eqk~ud~ogom~xuq jo xd~o 3 l~~y3//uuu-ydj`~oq-`qe/jdvqox'ajkmhx'ynf/

Ho n`hugom~ ox~ ndxy`mdajo om ~jhlkqeogom~ jdaqo xuq jo xd~o -ydj`~oq-`qei"

Kjkdm Foqmkmnos 1994

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3/28


F`mnkgom~ku|

nu yq`co~

nhdxd`mmoj

;1 hlox yqk~d{uox yùq h`mhov`dqo~ qkjdxoq jo xtx~go nhdxd`mmoj

f`mn xuq um yqdmhdyo no ~kajoku| no

a`qn no ydj`~keo qykq~dxKmkjtxo x~qk~ed{uo o~

Gkmkeogom~

Dnom~dhk~d`m nox xyhdhd~x no j%om~qoyqdxo* x`m omvdq`mmogom~*

x`m gkqhl* xox ykq~dhujkqd~x h`mhuqqom~dojjox* jk x~qk~edo nvoj`yyo*

jo gkmkeogom~ yqk~d{u---

Kmkjtxo nox yq`hoxxux O~uno nox g~doqx xyhd{uox no j%om~qoyqdxo* kmkjtxo nox

dm~oqkh~d`mx* dnom~dhk~d`m nox yq`hoxxux hqd~d{uox* nmd~d`m nox k|ox

n%kgjd`qk~d`m---

> qoh`ggkmnk~d`mx yùq

quxxdq jk ylkxo ; nu yq`co~

nhdxd`mmoj

Jk ylkxo ;* !Dnom~dhk~d`m no j%om~qoyqdxo!* ox~ kuxxd dmndxyomxkajo

{uo njdhk~o- ^q`y xùvom~ ~qkd~o um you qkydnogom~ yùq mo ykx ndqo

ahjo* dj ox~ dgy`q~km~ no jk h`mxdnqoq xk cux~o vkjouq---

Xjoh~d`mmoq jox àcoh~dfx No j%dgy`q~kmho n%umo ngkqhlo h``yqk~dvo yùq xjoh~d`mmoq jox

àcoh~dfx ~kh~d{uox om ykqfkd~ khh`qn kvoh jox mkjd~x x~qk~ed{uox---

H`mx~qudqo jo ~kajoku no a`qn H`ggom~ a~dq um ~kajoku no a`qn !ykxxouq no xomx! yùq umo

kxxdx~kmho ofhkho jk yqdxo no nhdxd`m---

Hl`dxdq jox dmndhk~ouqx BYD G~l`no yùq hl`dxdq jox dmndhk~ouqx yoq~dmom~x no goxuqo no jkyoqf`qgkmho---

H`jjoh~o nox dmf`qgk~d`mx

nhdxd`mmojjox

Jk ylkxo no h`jjoh~o nox dmf`qgk~d`mx nhdxd`mmojjox hùvoq~o

~ohlmd{uogom~ ykq jox x`ju~d`mx ~ohlm`jèd{uox no ~tyo O^J m%ox~ ykx

jk g`dmnqo nu yq`co~---

Ykq~keoq jk h`mmkdxxkmho* jo

xtx~go no ~kajoku no a`qn

Jo ykq~keo no jk h`mmkdxxkmho yùq um yq`hoxxux no jk yqdxo no

nhdxd`m yjodmogom~ ofhkho---


Hl`dxdq x`m ù~dj nhdxd`mmoj Yqdmhdyox no jk Auxdmoxx Dm~ojjdeomho o~ ~ohlmd{uox yùq hl`dxdq jox

ù~djx nhdxd`mmojx jox gdou| knky~x jk yqàjgk~d{uo nu g`gom~---

Dm~eqk~d`m o~ nyj`dogom~ nu

yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj

Dm~eqk~d`m j%o|dx~km~* jk h`meuqk~d`m ! jk hkq~o! nox yq`nud~x o~

jo nyj`dogom~ nox x`ju~d`mx* jox xyhdhd~x nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj---

Kund~ nu xtx~go nhdxd`mmoj G~l`no n%kund~ yùq ekqkm~dq jk nuqkadjd~ no jk yoqf`qgkmho nu

xtx~go no ydj`~keo---

Jo yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj Jo yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj* um yq`co~ `qdedmkj* h`ggom~ jo h`mnudqo*

kxxuqoq j%khh`gykemogom~ nu hlkmeogom~ o~ a~dq jo ~kajoku no a`qn

no ydj`~keo nu yq`co~---
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4/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe >

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojKmkjtxo x~qk~ed{uo o~ gkmkeogom~

Jk m`~d`m no yqèqx m%ox~ ykx umdvoqxojjo- Hlk{uo om~qoyqdxo* o~ yjux emqkjogom~ hlk{uo

`qekmdxk~d`m* o|yqdgo xk yq`yqo nmd~d`m xoj`m jo n`gkdmo n%kh~dvd~* jo h`m~o|~o o~ jo y`xd~d`mmogom~

h`mhuqqom~doj xyhd{uo- Om xuax~kmho* jk nmd~d`m no jk m`~d`m no yqèqx ox~ jo fqud~ h`gadm no jkmk~uqo no j%om~qoyqdxo ù `qekmdxk~d`m* jk gkmdqo n`m~ ojjo omvdxkeo x`m novomdq o~ jk y`q~o no x`m

kgad~d`m-

Kvkm~ n%om~qoyqomnqo jo yq`co~ ~kajoku no a`qn* Dj ox~ oxxom~doj no gk~qdxoq ykqfkd~ogom~ jox

ykqkg~qox dmd~dk~ouqx no jk ngkqhlo-

H`gyqomnqo jk x~qk~edo adom om~omnu* gkdx kuxxd o~ xuq~ù~ jox g`nkjd~x no x`m o|yqoxxd`m- Om

fkd~* nkmx j%kax`ju h%ox~ yju~~ j%omxogajo nu hknqo n%jka`qk~d`m o~ no nyj`dogom~ no jk x~qk~edo {u%dj

x%ked~ no h`mxdnqoq km n%dmxhqdqo jo yq`co~ ~kajoku no a`qn nkmx umo ndgomxd`m n%ofhkhd~ o~ no

yoqf`qgkmho nuqkajo-Jk yqogdqo ~kyo no jk ngkqhlo Edgxd !Omvdq`mmogom~ no j%om~qoyqdxo!* yqxom~o ykeo ;


5/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe ?

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojKmkjtxo x~qk~ed{uo o~ gkmkeogom~

Jk h`gyjo|d~ nu gkqhlJo ndkeqkggo no hkuxox offo~


Ho~~o Dgkeo o|~qkd~o no jùvqkeo Jox Mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqxox~ xùx h`ytqdel~ Eqùyo Otq`jjox
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6/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojKmkjtxo nox yq`hoxxux

Hlk{uo `qekmdxk~d`m ox~ umd{uo- Hlk{uo `qekmdxk~d`m ox~ um hkx ykq~dhujdoq-

Jox g~doqx* jk gkmdqo no jox o|hu~oq* ~ù~ h`ggo jk xyhdhd~ no j%kq~dhujk~d`m om~qo hou|'hd*

hkqkh~qdxom~ j%umdhd~ no hlkhumo nox `qekmdxk~d`mx- J%dgy`q~kmho no xkdxdq jk mk~uqo o~ jk y`q~o nu ùnox g~doqx no j%`qekmdxk~d`m ~`gaom~ xùx jo xomx- Gkdx yju~~ {u%umo kyyq`hlo kmkjt~d{uo o~ x~k~d{uo*

dj h`mvdomnqk n%kn`y~oq umo ngkqhlo ntmkgd{uo- Jk nx`qgkdx hjkxxd{uog`njdxk~d`m om yq`hoxxux

xoqk jk x`ju~d`m- Ojjo kxxuqo om offo~ um qoekqn l`qds`m~kj* yq`hlo no hojud nu hjdom~ o~ qvjo jox

dm~oqfkhox aj`{ukm~ox ù xogd'aj`{ukm~ox ymkjdxkm~ jox fiu| gk~qdojx o~ dggk~qdojx-

J%dnom~dhk~d`m nox yq`hoxxux hqd~d{uox kxxuqo jk gdxo om jugdqo nox k|ox n%kgjd`qk~d`m o~ nox

kh~ouqx h`mhoqmx ku yqogdoq yjkm ykq jo yq`co~-

Qogkq{uo 3 jk gk~qdxo nox ù~djx n%kmkjtxo xtx~gd{uo ox~ um vqd~kajo !yjux! yùq gomoq adom jo

yq`co~ ~kajoku no a`qn-Jk nou|dgo ~kyo no jk ngkqhlo Edgxd ! Dnom~dhk~d`m no j%om~qoyqdxo!* yqxom~o ykeo 19?

no j%ùvqkeo !Mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx! ~qkd~o f`mn ho~ kxyoh~ f`mnkgom~kj nu

yq`co~-

Jk g~l`no Edgxd Jd~o nhqd~o o~ djjux~qo nkmx j%ùvqkeo ! J%oxxom~doj nu ~kajoku no a`qn o~ xuq

jo xd~o -~kajoku'no'a`qn-`qe yqxom~o umo kyyq`hlo yjux xdgyjo o~ yjux h`gyj~o jk f`dx-

Yjux xdgyjo yudx{u%ojjo x%knqoxxo ku| om~d~x yjux jeqox h`ggo umo YGO ù umo umd~

dmnyomnkm~o n%umo `qekmdxk~d`m yjux dgy`q~km~o-

Yjux h`gyj~o kuxxd yudx{u%ojjo omejào jk g~l`no o~ jox ù~djx n%jka`qk~d`m no jk x~qk~edo o~n%dnom~dhk~d`m nox k|ox n%kgjd`qk~d`m ku~km~ om ~oqgox no vkjouqx k~~omnuox* no h`~x* no qoxxùqhox

o~ adom xq no g`~dvk~d`m dmndvdnuojjo o~ h jjoh~dvo-

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7/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojKmkjtxo nox yq`hoxxux

Jox g~doqx no jom~qoyqdxoNdkeqkggo ndm~oqkh~d`mx




8/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe qoh`ggkmnk~d`mx

yùq quxxdq jk ylkxo ; nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj

Jk ylkxo n%dnom~dhk~d`m no j%`qekmdxk~d`m ox~ oxxom~dojjo jk quxxd~o nu yq`co~--

[uo ho x`d~ ykq o|hx no h`mnom~dkjd~ ù ykq umo xuq'vkj`qdxk~d`m nox yqàjgk~d{uox

~ohlmd{uox* ho~~o ylkxo m%ox~ ykx vkjuo xk cux~o vkjouq- Dj x%ked~ no jud qomnqo jk yjkho {u%ojjo gqd~o-Xkmx kauxoq no g~kyl`qox kqhld~oh~uqkjox* jox ~unox qkjdxox j`qx no ho~~o ylkxo hùvqkm~ jox ~kyox

; o~ 1 no jk g~l`no x`m~ jox f`mnk~d`mx nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj ejàkj-

Ku hùqx no ho~~o yqogdqo ylkxo* j%{udyo no h`mhoy~ouqx yqomn m`m xoujogom~ h`mmkdxxkmho nox

xyhdhd~x no j%`qekmdxk~d`m gkdx goxuqo kuxxd jk !~ogyqk~uqo! nox kgad~d`mx o~ no jk g`~dvk~d`m nox

yqdmhdyku| kh~ouqx-

> qoh`ggkmnk~d`mx jgom~kdqox gkdx dmh`m~ùqmkajox

;- Xo goq m`~kggom~ nox kyyq`hlox m`gaqdjdx~ox o~ o|hoxxdvogom~ dm~q`voq~dox* ykqkn`|kjogom~

um ~qkvoqx ykq~dhujdqogom~ hùqkm~ nx {uo j%`m ka`qno jo ~lgo no jk x~qk~edo- Dj ox~ yùq~km~dmndxyomxkajo no x%ùvqdq xuq j%o|~qdouq o~ n%dm~eqoq ku xodm no jk ngkqhlo jox hjdom~x o~ jox

ykq~omkdqox om ~km~ {uo !hoqhjo n%dm~dgox!- V dqo ggo nkjjoq yjux kvkm~ o~ n~omnqo jk qfio|d`m ku|

h`mhuqqom~x ndqoh~x o~ y`~om~dojx o~ hjdom~x hdajox om gkmdqo no !hoqhjo ~omnu!- Hojk x%om~omn nox

mdvoku| ndffqom~x nkyyq`hlo* adom om~omnu-

1- Kn`y~oq jox yqdmhdyox n%umo ngkqhlo h``yqk~dvo nkmx ~ùx jox xomx nu ~oqgo- Jo yq`co~ mo

quxxd~ {uo j`qx{uo ~ùx jox kh~ouqx h`mhoqmx ndqoh~ogom~ o~ dmndqoh~ogom~ xo xom~om~ dgyjd{ux o~

kn`y~om~ um h`gy`q~ogom~ kh~df o~ h`mx~quh~df- J%dmf`qgk~d`m n`d~ jkqeogom~ hdqhujoq o~ jox dnox

goqeoq xkmx h`gyjo|o md qo~omuo-8- Dm~eqoq nx ho x~kno jox yqdmhdyox n%um nvoj`yyogom~ nuqkajo o~ no eùvoqmkmho qojjo o~

ofhkho-

>- Qox~oq om vodj o~ yjkhoq x`demouxogom~ um ~odem`dq xuq v`x k yqd`qd o~ yqcuex*- Nvoj`yyoq

j%hù~o kh~dvo o~ xtx~gk~d{uo* dmhd~oq ku| hlkmeox jk~qku|* yq`v`{uoq jo nhj`dx`mmogom~* jo

nykxxogom~ nox akqqdqox f`mh~d`mmojjox o~ jo naj`hkeo nox fqodmx huj~uqojx ykq jk h`ggumdhk~d`m o~

jo ykq~keo n%um àcoh~df h`ggum* no vkjouqx h`ggumox-

Jo qxuj~k~ no ho~~o yqogdqo ylkxo h`mnd~d`mmo ~ù~o jk xud~o nu yq`co~* ku~km~ om ~oqgo no

h`gyqlomxd`m no jk yqàjgk~d{uo {uo no hqndadjd~ ejàkjo-

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9/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojXjoh~d`mmoq jox àcoh~dfx

@acoh~df x~qk~ed{uo o~ ~kh~d{uo

J%dgy`q~kmho n%umo ngkqhlo h``yqk~dvo

Nmd~d`m nox àcoh~dfx no ~oqqkdm- Muj aox`dm no hloqhloq adom j`dm-

J%dgyjdhk~d`m nox yqdmhdyku| dm~qoxxx ku yq`co~ ox~ jk hj yùq quxxdq jk h`mhoy~d`m o~ jk gdxo omòuvqo n%um xtx~go no ydj`~keo no jk yoqf`qgkmho ofhkho o~ nuqkajo-Jox yqdmhdyox no f`mh~d`mmogom~ h``yqk~df* vqd~kajo x~kno knuj~o nox `qekmdxk~d`mx* x`m~ ~qx

mo~~ogom~ gdou| knky~x ku| ngkqhlox n%kgjd`qk~d`m h`m~dmuo {uo jox ~qknd~d`mmojjox x~quh~uqox

ldqkqhld{uox nox om~qoyqdxox-

J%~kyo mugq` 8 no jk g~l`no Edgxd* !Jo hl`d| nox àcoh~dfx!* nhqd~o ykeo 1;4 no j%ùvqkeo - !Jox

Mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx! djjux~qo adom j%dgy`q~kmho n%umo ngkqhlo h``yqk~dvo- Jox

àcoh~dfx mo x`m~ xudvdx o~ khh`gyjdx xd o~ xoujogom~ xd jox kh~ouqx h`mhoqmx t knlqom~-

H%ox~ umo qejo dmh`m~ùqmkajo-

_m àcoh~df dgy`x mo xoqk ckgkdx kuxxd yoqf`qgkm~ {u%um àcoh~df hl`dxd om ykqfkd~o h`mmkdxxkmho no

hkuxo-Yùq{u`d 0

^ u~ xdgyjogom~ ykqho {uo j%àcoh~df dgy`x* kuxxd qfihld x`d~'dj* ox~ dm~qdmx{uogom~ j`dm nox qkjd~x

nu ~oqqkdm- Dj mo yqomn ykx om h`gy~o jox !m`m'nd~x!- Dj mo h`mxdnqo ykx yjux jox h`m~dmeomhox g~doqx

o~ h`m~o|~uojjox xyhd{uox nox ~hlox khh`gyjdq* o~ mo ykqj`mx ykx no jk g`~dvk~d`m nox kh~ouqx

hlkqex no go~~qo om òuvqo o~ no xudvqo ku {u`~dndom jox kh~d`mx-

_mo ngkqhlo h``yqk~dvo* f`mno xuq umo jka`qk~d`m h`jjoh~dvo no jk x~qk~edo* xo nhjdmo yjux

kdxgom~ xuq jo ~oqqkdm om ~kh~d{uo qkjdx~o- V dq kuxxd jox !x~qk~edox goqeom~ox!-

J%~kyo mugq` 8 no jk g~l`no Edgxd* !Jo hl`d| nox àcoh~dfx!* nhqd~o ykeo 1;4 no j%ùvqkeo

!Mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx! o|y`xo umo g~l`n`jèdo yùq xjoh~d`mmoq ofhkhogom~

jox àcoh~dfx jox gdou| knky~x jk x~qk~edo yùqxudvdo* ku| h`m~qkdm~ox njkdx'auneo~x'qoxxùqhox* ku

h`m~o|~o ykq~dhujdoq o~ ku| kgad~d`mx xyhd{uox nox kh~ouqx hlkqex no jox h`mhq~dxoq-

_m o|ogyjo qoj no ~oqqkdm djjux~qo h`mhq~ogom~ jk gdxo om òuvqo no jk g~l`no Edgxd-

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10/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe ;9

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojXjoh~d`mmoq jox `acoh~dfx

@acoh~df x~qk~ed{uo o~ ~kh~d{uo

Hl`dxdq jox `acoh~dfx yoq~dmom~xJo ~kajoku no ~qkvkdj




11/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe ;;

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojH`mx~qudqo jo ~kajoku no a`qn

_m ~kajoku no a`qn ykxxouq no !xomx!

Jo ~kajoku no a`qn* om ~ù~ hkx j`qx{u%dj ox~ adom h`mu* kxxuqo umo yoqhoy~d`m h`lqom~o o~

ntmkgd{uo nu h`m~o|~o xùx j%hjkdqkeo no jk mkjd~ yùqxudvdo-

H%ox~ xoujogom~ kdmxd {uo j%`m you~ omvdxkeoq kvoh um gdmdgug no xqdou| umo goxuqo no jk

yoqf`qgkmho o~ umo kdno jk nhdxd`m ndemox no ho m`g-

Jk yqdxo no nhdxd`m ox~ umo yqdxo no qdx{uo ,Jox mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn ykeo 4?$- Jo ~kajoku

no a`qn* j`qx{u%dj ox~ adom h`mu* ked~ h`ggo um qnuh~ouq no j%dmhoq~d~uno o~ kxxuqo kdmxd om {uoj{uo

x`q~o umo vkjuk~d`m yqhdxo nu qdx{uo- Yùq hojk* jo ~kajoku no a`qn n`d~ ~qo h`mu h`ggo um

!ykxxouq no xomx!-

Jk nhdxd`m om {udyo

Jk nhdxd`m om {udyo* dmndxyomxkajo ku f`mh~d`mmogom~ no m`x `qekmdxk~d`mx g`noqmox* m%ox~ md

mk~uqojjo md vdnom~o- Yùq vd~oq jo h`mxomxux gù o~ jox fkuxxox nhdxd`mx h`jjoh~dvox ~ù~ox kuxxd

ymkjdxkm~ox* jo ~kajoku no a`qn kedqk h`ggo um qfqom~doj h`ggum* um vqd~kajo jo|d{uo knky~ o~

xyhd{uo no jk yoqf`qgkmho- Ho qfqom~doj kxxuqo umo ykqfkd~o kxxdxo ykq~keo o~ h`gyqlomxdajo nu

yq`hoxxux no yqdxo no nhdxd`m om eqùyo-

J%~kyo mugq` > no jk g~l`no Edgxd* !Hl`d| nox àcoh~dfx!* nhqd~o ykeo 1?? no j%ùvqkeo!Jox

mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn !o|yjd{uo h`mhoy~x o~ yqdmhdyox no qkjdxk~d`m n%um ~kajoku no a`qn

!ykxxouq no xomx!-

Ku~km~ ykq xk x~quh~uqo {uo ykq x`m h`m~omu* jo ~kajoku no a`qn xo n`d~ no novomdq j%kxxdx~km~ no jk

nhdxd`m- J%oxxom~doj nu ~kajoku no a`qn ykq o|ogyjo* xuyy`q~ no jk g~l`n`jèdo kjjeo Edgxd Jd~o

yùq yo~d~ox x~quh~uqox* nvoj`yyo jo h`mhoy~ nu ~kajoku no a`qn !k~ k ejkmho! !n%um xouj hùy n%òdj!-

X~quh~uq om 8 mdvoku| n%dmvox~dek~d`m* dj km~dhdyo jox noeqx no yq`hhuyk~d`m xuhhoxxdfx nu nhdnouq

om xd~uk~d`m 3

[u`d 0 ![uo xo ykxxo'~'dj 0!

Yùq{u d 0 !Y uq{u d hojk xo ykxxo'~'dj kdmxd 0!

H`ggom~ 0 ! H`ggom~ nmùoq jk xd~uk~d`m km no qovomdq um ~k~ xùx h`m~qjo 0!

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12/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojH`mx~qudqo jo ~kajoku no a`qn

_m ~kajoku no a`qn ykxxouq no !xomx!

Jo ~kajoku no a`qn no ydj`~keo




13/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojHl`dxdq* h`mx~qudqo o~ yqxom~oq jox dmndhk~ouqx BYD

Bot Yoqf`qgkmho Dmndhk~`q

Goxuqo no jk yoqf`qgkmho

Nmd~d`m

[uox~'ho {uum dmndhk~ouq 0

Nmd~d`m emqkjo 3 um dmndhk~ouq ox~ umo dmf`qgk~d`m ù um omxogajo ndmf`qgk~d`mx h`m~qdaukm~ jkyyqhdk~d`m numo

xd~uk~d`m ykq jo nhdnouq-

Nmd~d`m xyhd{uo 3 um dmndhk~ouq no yoqf`qgkmho ox~ umo goxuqo ù um omxogajo no goxuqox aqk{uox xuq um kxyoh~

hqd~d{uo no jk yoqf`qgkmho ejàkjo no j`qekmdxk~d`m--- ,o|~qkd~!Jox Mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx!>go

nd~d`m ykeo 1


14/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe ;>

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojHl`dxdq* h`mx~qudqo o~ yqxom~oq jox dmndhk~ouqx BYD

Bot Yoqf`qgkmho Dmndhk~`q

Jk yqxom~k~d`m nox dmndhk~ouqx




15/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe ;?

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojH`jjoh~o nox dmf`qgk~d`mx nhdxd`mmojjox

Nox dmf`qgk~d`mx !no h`mkmho!

J`qx no jk qkjdxk~d`m nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj* jk ylkxo no h`jjoh~o nox dmf`qgk~d`mx mo xoqk ykx jk

g`dmnqo nox yq`hhuyk~d`mx nox h`mhoy~ouqx* j`dm x%om fku~ +

H`mx`ggk~qdho n%moqedo* no qoxxùqhox o~ no ~ogyx* dj x%ked~ no ydj`~oq qk~d`mmojjogom~ ho~~o ~kyo

f`mnkgom~kjo- Mejdeo j`qx nox ~ù~ox yqogdqox qkjdxk~d`mx nhdxd`mmojjox n%om~qoyqdxo* ojjo fu~ jk

hkuxo n%umo gkc`qd~ n%hlohx-

Jk {uox~d`m no jk h`mkmho nkmx j%dmf`qgk~d`m ox~ om offo~ f`mnkgom~kjo yùq jk yqdxo no nhdxd`m-

Yqomnqdos'vùx umo nhdxd`m ykq~dq n%umo h`mmkdxxkmho dgyqhdxo h`mx~qud~o xuq jox akxox

n%dmf`qgk~d`mx dmhoq~kdmox 0 Adom xq {uo m`m* hojk ~`gao xùx jo xomx- N%` j%dgy`q~kmho no ho~~o

ylkxo oxxom~dojjo- Jox n`mmox h`m~omuox nkmx jox xtx~gox no yq`nuh~d`m mo x`m~ ykx ~ù~ox ky~ox nomk~uqo ~qo u~djdxox nkmx um yq`hoxxux no nhdxd`m- No m`gaqouxox oqqouqx* kaxomhox o~ dmh`lqomhox

jox qomnom~ ~`~kjogom~ dmh`gyk~dajox kvoh umo yqdxo no nhdxd`m qoxy`mxkajo-

Dj mo x%ked~ ykx yùq ku~km~ mhoxxkdqogom~ no mejdeomho j`qx no jk h`mx~d~u~d`m nox akxox no

yq`nuh~d`m- Hox oqqouqx o~ dmh`lqomhox mo emom~ om qdom jox yq`hoxxux no yq`nuh~d`m- Gkdx om

gk~dqo no nhdxd`m* jox o|deomhox x`m~ ~qx mo~~ogom~ yjux jovox- Kuxxd* kvkm~ no qomnqo jox n`mmox

ndxy`mdajox ku| nhdnouqx* fkunqk'~'dj yq`hnoq no j`mex o~ h`~ou| ~qkvku| no mo~~`tkeo* no

f`qgk~keo o~ no h`mx`jdnk~d`m-

N%ku~qo ykq~* nkmx adom nox hkx* jox n`mmox dxxuox no akxox h`mx`mx`jdnox o|~oqmox mhoxxd~om~

{uoj{uox qoh`ggkmnk~d`mx n%uxkeo- O|yj`d~oq xkmx yqhku~d`mx jox n`mmox yq`nud~ox ykq umo mùvojjojdkjo u~djdxkm~ nox qejox no eox~d`m ndffqom~ox m%ox~ ykx xkmx nkmeoq- Ho~~o {uox~d`m ox~ n%ku~km~ yjux

yoq~dmom~o omhox ~ogyx ` jox qkhlk~x o~ jox fuxd`mx xo guj~dyjdom~-J%~kyo mugq` 6 no jk g~l`no Edgxd* !H`jjoh~o n%dmf`qgk~d`mx!* nhqd~o ykeo 89; no j%ùvqkeo !Jox

Mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx! o|yjd{uo h`ggom~ xjoh~d`mmoq qk~d`mmojjogom~ jox

dmf`qgk~d`mx mhoxxkdqox jk h`mx~quh~d`m nox dmndhk~ouqx yoq~dmom~x-

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16/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojH`jjoh~o nox dmf`qgk~d`mx nhdxd`mmojjox

Jk h`jjoh~o nox n`mmox nhdxd`mmojjox x`ux jk yoqxyoh~dvo ~ohlmd{uo




17/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojYkq~keoq jk h`mmkdxxkmho*

jo xtx~go no ~kajoku no a`qn

Ykq~keo no jk h`mmkdxxkmho o~ h``yqk~d m

Jdx`jogom~ nox nhdnouqx ox~ um vqd~kajo àx~khjo jk yqdxo no nhdxd`m ofhkho-

J%dx`jogom~ ox~ dm~qdmx{uogom~ jd ku| yqdmhdyox no f`mh~d`mmogom~ ~qknd~d`mmoj nox om~qoyqdxox

yqk~d{ukm~ ku~km~ jo hj`dx`mmogom~ f`mh~d`mmoj {uo jo huj~o no jk h`gy~d~d`m dmndvdnuojjo-

H%ox~ ndqo {uoj y`dm~ dj you~ ~qo dqqk~d`mmoj no yomxoq {uo j%`m yudxxo ykxxoq no au~ om ajkmh umo

f`qgo yqk~d{uo n%dm~ojjdeomho h`jjoh~dvo-

Yùq~km~* h`m~qdauoq h`gak~~qo j%dx`jogom~ nu nhdnouq ox~ ykq~ dm~eqkm~o no jk ~hlo nu h`mhoy~ouq

nu xtx~go no ~kajoku| no a`qn- Yùq {uo jo xtx~go nhdxd`mmoj x`d~ `yqk~d`mmoj o~ kyy`q~o umo

vkjouq kcù~o xdemdhk~dvo goxuqkajo ku~km~ ku mdvoku no jk qkh~dvd~ ejàkjo {uo no j%dmm`vk~d`m*

h%ox~ um ykxxkeo àjde-

Kuxxd j%{udyo no h`mhoy~ouqx go~~qk om òuvqo j%omxogajo nox g`tomx xk ndxy`xd~d`m km no fkhdjd~oqjk jk~qkjdxk~d`m nox hlkmeox o~ h`m~qdauoq {uoj{uo ykq~ jk gu~k~d`m nox `qekmdxk~d`mx noyudx jk

guj~dyjdhk~d`m nox yq`hnuqox lqd~dqox no jk ykqhojjdxk~d`m nox ~hlox cux{u% um ykq~keo no jk

h`mmkdxxkmho kuxxd ~omnu {uo mk~uqoj-

Jo qkyyq`hlogom~ nox hom~qox n%o|yoq~dxox ndxxgdmx nkmx j%`qekmdxk~d`m* v`dqo j%o|~qdouq no

j%`qekmdxk~d`m ox~ jk qy`mxo jk qohloqhlo n%ofhkhd~ nu yq`hoxxux no yqdxo no nhdxd`m

`qekmdxk~d`mmoj-

H%ox~ kuxxd ho x~kno {uo jk gdxo om h`lqomho ejàkjo nu xtx~go xoj`m jox 5 k|ox no yoqf`qgkmho

dm~oqvdom~- J%~kyo mugq` 5 no jk g~l`no Edgxd* !Xtx~go no ~kajoku| no a`qn!* nhqd~o ykeo 888

no j%ùvqkeo !Jox Mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx! ~qkd~o ho ~lgo no jk h`mhoy~d`m nu

xtx~go no ~kajoku no a`qn no ydj`~keo ku xoqvdho nu yq`hoxxux nhdxd`mmoj `qekmdxk~d`mmoj-

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18/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe ;/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe ;4

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojHl`dxdq x`m ù~dj nhdxd`mmoj

[uoj yqèdhdoj no Auxdmoxx Dm~ojjdeomho 0

Jo gkqhl no jk Auxdmoxx Dm~ojjdeomho ox~ om yjodmo offoqvoxhomho- Ho ntmkgdxgo ox~ n%ku~km~ yjux vqkd

yùq jox ù~djx jèdhdojx nhdxd`mmojx no ~kajoku| no a`qn-

Nkmx ~ùx jox hkx* jk ~ohlm`jèdo no jk Auxdmoxx Dm~ojjdeomho * nkmx xk nhjdmkdx`m Dmf`qgk~d{uo

Nhdxd`mmojjo* ox~ ~ù~ fkd~ `yqk~d`mmojjo noyudx nc {uoj{uox kmmox- Jk gdxo om òuvqo n%um

vqd~kajo ù~dj n%kxxdx~kmho jk nhdxd`m ox~ kh~uojjogom~ yju~~ umo {uox~d`m no g~l`no {uo no

yudxxkmho nox yqèdhdojx nhdxd`mmojx yq`y`xx ykq jo gkqhl- Ho yq`y`x ox~ kuxxd vqkd yùq joxyq`nud~x

yq`yqd~kdqox no Auxdmoxx Dm~ojjdeomho {uo yùq jk AD om @yom Xùqho jk hq`dxxkmho yùq jo g`dmx

fujeuqkm~o-

Yùq ku~km~* dj xoqk cundhdou| no yq`~oq nu hl`d| yq`y`x ykq jo gkqhl yùq xjoh~d`mmoq j%ù~dj jo

yjux kn{uk~ ku| aox`dmx o|yqdgx* nx`qgkdx h`mmux eqho ku| ~kyox yqkjkajox nu nqùjogom~ nuyq`co~* o~ n%km~dhdyoq xuq jox aox`dmx hùq~ o~ g`tom ~oqgo-

J%~kyo mugq` < no jk g~l`no Edgxd* !Hl`d| nu yqèdhdoj!* nhqd~o ykeo 8?5 no j%ùvqkeo !Jox

Mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx! o|yjd{uo jox yqdmhdyox no jk Auxdmoxx Dm~ojjdeomho o~ o|y`xo

umo ~ohlmd{uo yùq hl`dxdq ofhkhogom~ jox ù~djx nhdxd`mmojx jox gdou| knky~x jk yqàjgk~d{uo-

Hqd~qox no hl`d| ~tyox3

[ukjd~ eox~d`m nox n`mmox

Oqe`m`gdo n%u~djdxk~d`m

Fkhdjd~ no nvoj`yyogom~

Hkykhd~ no nyj`dogom~

Xhuqd~

Dm~eqk~d`m

---

Jox hqd~qox no hl`d| x`m~ om offo~ xjoh~d`mmx o~ vkj`qdxx xoj`m jox k~~om~ox no j%`qekmdxk~d`m o~ nox

u~djdxk~ouqx-

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20/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojHl`dxdq x`m `u~dj nhdxd`mmoj

_m o|ogyjo no ndkeqkggo qknkq y`uq vdxukjdxoq um yq`nud~ hkmndnk~

xoj`m jk eqdjjo no joh~uqo xyhd{uo no j{udyo




21/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe 1;

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojDm~eqk~d`m o~ nyj`dogom~ nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj

Dm~eqk~d`m o~ nyj`dogom~

J%dm~eqk~d`m j%o|dx~km~* jk h`meuqk~d`m ! jk hkq~o! nox yq`nud~x o~ jo nyj`dogom~ nox x`ju~d`mx x`m~

nox ~lgox adom h`mmux nox qoxy`mxkajox no yq`co~x dmf`qgk~d{uox-

Jk gdxo om òuvqo nox ~kajoku| no a`qn ox~ um hkx ykq~dhujdoq {ud gqd~o n%~qo h`mxdnq om ~omkm~

h`gy~o no ho~~o xyhdhd~- Dj x%ked~ om offo~ no fkhdjd~oq jk yqdxo no nhdxd`m nkmx j%om~qoyqdxo o~ m`m no

qk~d`mkjdxoq nox fiu| h`ggo yùq jk gkc`qd~ nox yq`co~x ~ohlm`jèd{uox-

J%kyyq`hlo xoqk ndffqom~o- Dj ox~ n%kdjjouqx dgy`q~km~ no ~omdq h`gy~o no ho~~o xyhdhd~ j`qx no

j%~kajdxxogom~ nox auneo~x-

J%~kyo mugq` 4 no jk g~l`no Edgxd* !Dm~eqk~d`m o~ nyj`dogom~ no jk x`ju~d`m!* nhqd~o ykeo 845

no j%ùvqkeo !Jox Mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx! yqxom~o o|lkux~dvogom~ jox ndffqom~ox

ylkxox no j%dm~eqk~d`m o~ nu nyj`dogom~ no jk x`ju~d`m nhdxd`mmojjo-

Jox ~lgox ~qkd~x ku hùqx no ho hlkyd~qo-

Dm~eqk~d`m j%o|dx~km~* jk ~ohlm`jèdo* jox mùvoku| yq`hoxxux* jox l`ggox o~ jox h`gy`q~ogom~x* jk

vdo nu xtx~go* xhuqd~* v`ju~d`mx* {ud o~ h`ggom~ 0* knky~k~d`m nu yqèdhdoj* jox qoho~~ox* jo

nyj`dogom~* jk n`hugom~k~d`m* jox n`hugom~x n%dgyjkm~k~d`m* ekqnoq nu ~ogyx yùq ~oq jox eqkdmx no

xkajo-

O~uno no hkx* jo nyj`dogom~ no jk x`ju~d`m* j%o|ogyjo no EOG Gàdjdoq* jox nk~kgkq~x* Dm~qkmo~/

O|~qkmo~ o~ eqùykqo* gdxo om òuvqo nu xtx~go no ~kajoku| no a`qn* ylkxo ; 3 gdxo om òuvqo nu

yq`co~* ylkxo 1 3 nyj`dogom~ j%om~qoyqdxo* ylkxo 8 3 nyj`dogom~ j%omxogajo nu yoqx`mmoj-

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22/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojDm~eqk~d`m o~ nyj`dogom~ nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj

Jo xhlgk emqkj num yq`co~ Auxdmoxx Dm~ojjdeomho




23/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojKund~ nu xtx~go nhdxd`mmoj

Jk yoqf`qgkmho nuqkajo

J kgjd`qk~d`m yoqgkmom~oKvoh jo ~ogyx* j%`qekmdxk~d`m v`juo* jox x~qk~edox hlkmeom~* jox nhdnouqx kh{udqom~ no j%o|yqdomho-

Yùq ~ù~ox hox qkdx`mx* dj ox~ yqunom~ no x%kxxuqoq qeujdqogom~ no jk h`lqomho nu xtx~go kvoh jox

aox`dmx kh~ukjdxx no j%`qekmdxk~d`m o~ jox k~~om~ox nox u~djdxk~ouqx-

Kn`y~oq j%lkad~uno no j%kund~ g~l`nd{uo o~ yqd`nd{uo ox~ vqkdxogajkajogom~ jk godjjouqo x`ju~d`m

yùq ekqkm~dq jk nuqkadjd~ no jk yoqf`qgkmho dm~qdmx{uo nu xtx~go no ydj`~keo-

J%~kyo mugq` ;9 no jk g~l`no Edgxd* !Kund~ nu xtx~go!* nhqd~o ykeo >18 no j%ùvqkeo !Jox

Mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx! o|y`xo jk ~ohlmd{uo xyhd{uo yùq qkjdxoq um kund~ o~ om

~dqoq yjodmogom~ jox fqud~x-

,Dgkeo o|~qkd~o no j%ùvqkeo no qfqomho$

Jo yq`co~ no h`mhoy~d`m o~ no qkjdxk~d`m nu xtx~go no ^kajoku| no a`qn no ydj`~keo x%dmxhqd~ nkmx

umo jèd{uo nkgjd`qk~d`m yoqgkmom~o ~ojjo {uo jk nhqd~ Udjjdkg Onkqnx Nogdme ku hùqx no xox

~qkvku|- Jo yqdmhdyo nu YNHK* gk~qdkjdx ykq jk hjaqo q uo no Nogdme* Yjkm* N * Hlohb Kh~d`m*

Yqv`dq* fkdqo* vqdoq* qkedq xkyyjd{uo n`mh-

Jo h`mhoy~ouq om ~domnqk h`gy~o ~ù~ox jox ~kyox no jk qkjdxk~d`m-

Xoj`m ho yqdmhdyo* jo yq`co~ mox~ ckgkdx nmd~dvogom~ khlov- Dj yqèqoxxo eqho um yqdmhdyo nku~`'

omqdhldxxogom~ f`mn xuq jo|yqdomho kh{udxo-

Jv`ju~d`m ox~ dm~eqkm~o jk h`mhoy~d`m-

Qogkq{uo- K yq`y`x no jk qùo no Nogdme 3 Dj x%ked~ adom no jk qkjdxk~d`m o~ nu xudvd nu yq`co~

nhdxd`mmoj- @m mo h`mf`mnqk ykx kvoh jo yqdmhdyo no ydj`~keo o~ no goxuqo no jk yoqf`qgkmho gdx om

òuvqo ykq ho ggo yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj {ud x%o|yqdgo nkmx umo ndgomxd`m ntmkgd{uo-

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24/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe 1>

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojKund~ nu xtx~go nhdxd`mmoj

Jk yoqf`qgkmho nuqkajo

Jo yq`co~ ~kajoku no a`qn xdmxhqd~ nkmx umo j`ed{uonkgjd`qk~d`m yoqgkmom~o- Jo Y-N-H-K




25/28

KJKDM FOQMKMNOS M@NOXUKT V;-;9>/1994 -ydj`~oq-`qe 1?

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojJo yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj

Kxxuqoq jk h`mnud~o ofhkho nu yq`co~

Jo yq`co~ ~kajoku| no a`qn* um yq`co~ `qdedmkjJk h`mhoy~d`m o~ jk gdxo om òuvqo nu xtx~go no ~kajoku| no a`qn no ydj`~keo ox~ um yq`co~ ykq~

om~dqo {u%dj x%ked~ no gkmkeoq h`ggo ~oj-

Jo h`mhoy~ouq m%`go~~qk ykx n%kyy`q~oq no yqhdxox qy`mxox ku| njdhk~ox {uox~d`mx nu hkjhuj nuQ@D

,Qo~ùq xuq Dmvox~dxxogom~$ o~ no j%khh`gykemogom~ nu hlkmeogom~* xuco~ xomxdajo ykq o|hojjomho-

Adom om~omnu jo ~kajoku no a`qn no xudvd no yq`co~ x%dgy`xo yùq ydj`~oq ofhkhogom~ jo nqùjogom~

no j%kvom~uqo +

Jk {uox~d`m nu Q@D

Jo yq`co~ ~kajoku| no a`qn ox~ yqhdxgom~ um hkx yqhdx ` jo Q@D mo you~ ~qo hkjhuj ykq um xdgyjo

qk~d` mkmhdoq- Jo qo~ùq xuq jdmvox~dxxogom~ num ~oj yq`co~ mo xo|yqdgo ykx kuxxd xdgyjogom~- Hox~

vqkdxogajkajogom~ jo y`dm~ jo yjux ndfhdjo nfomnqo j`qx no j~kajdxxogom~ nu auneo~ yqvdxd`mmoj-

Xd jo qo~ùq mkmhdoq ndqoh~ mox~ ykx mhoxxkdqogom~ vdxdajo hùq~ ~oqgo* jox kyy`q~x om ~oqgox no

vkjouqx kcù~ox x`m~ guj~dyjox* om ~ù~ hkx j`qx{uo jo yq`co~ ox~ h`qqoh~ogom~ h`mnud~-Om h`gyjgom~ 3

Hkjhujoq jo Q@D nu Nk~k Ukqolùxo

Hkjhujoq jo ^H@ nu yq`co~ ^H@ ^ ~kj H`x~ `f @moqxldy

Hkjhujoq jo Q@D nu yq`co~ Auxdmoxx Dm~ojjdeomho

Jk {uox~d`m no jkhh`gykemogom~

Jk {uox~d`m no jkhh`gykemogom~ nu hlkmeogom~ ox~ ~ù~ kuxxd xomxdajo- Jo yq`co~ ~kajoku| no a`qn k

yùq kgad~d`m no guj~dyjdoq jox y`dm~x no yqdxo no nhdxd`m ku xodm no j`qekmdxk~d`m- Jk yqdxo no

nhdxd`m mox~ ykx dmmo- Jox x~quh~uqox ~qknd~d`mmojjox mo jk fkv`qdxom~ ykx- O~ jk yqdxo no qdx{uox ox~ umo

qkjd~- Kuxxd jkhh`gykemogom~ nu hlkmeogom~ ox~ jk hj no v`~o no jk quxxd~o nu yq`co~ nkmx jk

nuqo-Om h`gyjgom~ 3

Khh`gykemogom~ nu hlkmeogom~* vkx~o yqèqkggo

Quxxdq jo hlkmeogom~* hlkmeogom~ nlkad~unox* hlkmeogom~ nlk~d~unox

Ydj`~oq jo hlkmeogom~* ~o|~ox nu hlkyd~qo Khh`gykemoq

Jk nou|dgo ykq~do no j%ùvqkeo !Mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx! ~qkd~o om n~kdj jox

kxyoh~x xyhd{uox no jk h`mnud~o nu yq`co~ ~kajoku| no a`qn-

Yùq jox yq`co~x yjux jeoqx mo h`gy`q~km~ {uo {uoj{uox ~kajoku| no a`qn* jk g~l`no kjjeo Edgxd

Jd~o x%kvqo xufxkm~o- Knky~o ku| yo~d~ox umd~x o~ YGO* ojjo yq`y`xo umo qkjdxk~d`m h`gyj~o nu

~kajoku no a`qn om u~djdxkm~ Gdhq`x`f~ O|hoj- Qkydno go~~qo om òuvqo o~ you h`~ouxo* ojjo ox~ kuxxdu~djdxo kvoh yq`~ yùq jox yq`co~x ydj`~ox gdx om òuvqo ~d~qo n%oxxkd* no yq`~`~tyox o~ no

xomxdadjdxk~d`m nox yoqx`mmojx* om yqykqk~d`m no jk gdxo om yjkho n%um yq`co~ yjux ejàkj ,Edgxd$-

Dj ~`gao xùx jo xomx {uo j%u~djdxk~ouq kvoq~d yùqqk o|yj`d~oq jk g~l`no jeqo kvoh n%ku~qox ù~djx

~kajouqx ,h`ggo @yom @fho$ ù nox ù~djx no ydj`~keo nndx-

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26/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojJox mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx

Jo yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj nkmx xk ~`~kjd~

Jox mùvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox

gkmkeoqx

Jo yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj nkmx xk ~`~kjd~

Kjkdm Foqmkmnos

Ond~d`mx n@qekmdxk~d`m> go nd~d`m

Yqd| 3 88*1? Ouq`x ?9? `keox

Jdaqkdqo om jdemo khhx ndqoh~-otq`jjox-h`g

_mo ngkqhlo h``yqk~dvo om nd| ~kyox {ud dmxdx~o xuq jk xjoh~d`m nox àcoh~dfx*jo hl`d| nox dmndhk~ouqx hjx o~ jk gdxo om òuvqo- Jo yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj ox~ yqxom~ nkmx xk ~`~kjd~- G~l`no no hl`d| nox ù~djx no jk auxdmoxx dm~ojjdeomho- ;?9 ~kajoku| o~ eqkyld{uox o~ umo ~uno no hkx h`gyj~o-Yuajd dj t k ;9 kmx* ho jdvqo x%ox~ dgy`x h`ggo umo qfqomho kuyqx nox u~djdxk~ouqx o~nox h`mhoy~ouqx no ~kajoku| no a`qn* nox h`mxuj~km~x o~ nox hlofx no yq`co~- X`m dm~q~ox~ jd umo ngkqhlo `qdedmkjo {ud nh`q~d{uo jox ghkmdxgox no jk yqdxo no nhdxd`m

` jo ~kajoku no a`qn nogouqo um xdgyjo ù~dj- Vùx mo ~qùvoqos ykx dhd no ~kajoku| noa`qn yq~x j%ogyj`d md no jdx~ox n%dmndhk~ouqx ~tyox h`hloq* gkdx vùx xoqos ggono h`mx~qudqo jo ~kajoku no a`qn knky~ v`~qo xd~uk~d`m-

Ho~~o >o nd~d`m* om~dqogom~ qogkmdo o~ h`gyj~o* dm~eqo umo ndgomxd`m yjuxkh~uojjo nu ydj`~keo* h`mm`~o no eùvoqmkmho o~ no nvoj`yyogom~ nuqkajo-

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27/28


F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojJox xd~ox nu y`q~kdj

Jox xd~ox nu y`q~kdj Ydj`~oq jk yoqf`qgkmho

-ydj`~oq-`qe Jo y`q~kdj nu ydj`~keo no jk yoqf`qgkmho-m`noxkt-h`g H`mhov`dq jo ~kajoku no a`qn no ydj`~keo-jo'yoqf`j`euo-mo~Jo aj`e yq` no jk yoqf`qgkmho-~kajoku'no'a`qn-`qeJo ~kajoku no a`qn kvoh Gdhq`x`f~ O|hoj-hlof'no'yq`co~-`qeEudno om jdemo nu hlof no yq`co~ ofhkho-h`m~q`jo'no'eox~d`m-h`g Eudno nu h`m~qjouq no eox~d`m

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28/28

F`mnkgom~ku| nu yq`co~ nhdxd`mmojJox `uvqkeox no qfqomho


Jox m`uvoku| ~kajoku| no a`qn nox gkmkeoqx

Jo yq`co~ nhdxd`mmoj om ~`~kjd~

>go nd~d`m 199

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