Sgc Petrobras 2015 Intensivao Advogado Lingua Inglesa 01 a 20 Apostila

Prof. Renato Baggio Lngua Inglesa p/ Concurso Petrobras

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Prof. Renato Baggio www.aprovaconcursos.com.br Pgina 1 de 7

LNGUA INGLESA - PETROBRASProfessor: RENATO BAGGIO

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Apresentao

O professor Renato Baggio tem 39 anos formado em Publicidade ePropaganda e tem sua formao como professor de Ingls pela InternationalHouse de Londres, Inglaterra. Estudou letras Portugus-Ingls pelo COC-SPe tambm fez cursos de aperfeioamento na Eurocentres em Londres.Leciona h 20 anos com experincia de 10 anos em concursos pr-vestibulares.

Ol estimados alunos! Sejam bem vindos s aulas de Ingls! Nelasprocurarei trazer uma abordagem diferente durante nossas aulas para queconsigamos obter mximo rendimento nesse curto espao de tempo! Contocom a dedicao de vocs bem como com um feedback durante nossasaulas para que possamos atender as suas necessidades da maneira maispersonalizada possvel! Um timo curso a todos e bons estudos!



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Ingls

Pronouns

1.1. Personal Pronouns

H dois tipos de pronomes pessoais: os Subjective Pronouns e os Objective Pronouns.

Os Subjective Pronouns funcionam como sujeito da frase, ou seja, aquele que faz a ao do verbo. Por este motivo, so usados antes do verbo. J os Objective Pronouns funcionam como o objeto da frase, ou seja, aquelesque sofrem a ao do verbo. Logo, so usados depois do verbo.

SUBJECTIVE PRONOUNS OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS

I ME

YOU YOU

HE HIM

SHE HER

IT IT

WE US

YOU YOU

THEY THEM

Usados Antes do Verbo Usados Depois do Verbo

Ex.: I want to talk to her about the problem.

Ex.: John and Meg study with Bob. (He) (her)

Ex.: Jane is worried about Susan. (She) (her)



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CESGRANRIO - Concurso Petrobras - 2012Text IA Day in the Life of the Women of O&Gby Jaime KammerzellFrom Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012

Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas(O&G) industry compared to men, many women findrewarding careers in the industry. Five women wereasked the same questions regarding their careerchoices in the oil and gas industry.Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gasindustry?Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science andmoney.Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay wasgood.Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldnt turn downthe great starting salary and a chance to live in NewOrleans.Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gasindustry as much as it chose me.Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because ofthe challenging projects, and I want to be part of ourcountrys energy solution.Question 2: How did you get your start in the oiland gas industry?Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oilcompanies recruit. I received a summer internship withTexaco before my last year of my Masters degree.Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech EngineeringJob Fair.Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters cameto the geosciences department of my universityannually and they sponsored scholarships forgraduate students to help complete their research.Even though my Masters thesis was more gearedtoward environmental studies, as a recipient of oneof these scholarships, my graduate advisor stronglyencouraged me to participate when the time came forO&G Industry interviews.Woman 4: I was working for a company in anotherstate where oil and gas was not its primary business.When the company sold its division in the statewhere I was working, they offered me a position atthe companys headquarters in Houston managingthe aftermarket sales for the companys largestregion. Aftermarket sales supported the on-highway,construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil andgas markets. After one year, the company asked me



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to take the position of managing their marine andoffshore power products division. I held that positionfor three years. I left that company to join a new startupcompany where I hold the position of president.Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry wasan internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talentedgeoscientists and engineers.Question 3: Describe your typical day.Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. Igenerally read email, go to a couple of meetings andwork with the fields earth model or look at seismic.Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids andwork on getting projects out the door. My days arenever the same, which is what I love about the job Ihave.Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. 6:30 p.m.(although the official day is shorter). We call the fieldevery morning for an update on operations, security,construction, facilities and production engineeringactivities. I work with my team leads on short-termand long-term projects to enhance production (a lot ofemails and Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetingsper day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing orupcoming work (production optimization, simulationmodeling, drilling plans, geologic interpretation,workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participatein a number of broader business initiatives andleadership teams.Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. Myday usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phonecalls and emails with our facility in Norway, as wellas other business relationships abroad. At the office,I am involved in the daily business operations andalso stay closely involved in the projects and thesales efforts. On any given day I am working onbudgets and finance, attending project meetings,attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawingsand technical specifications, meeting with clientsand prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals,evaluating new business opportunities and making alot of decisions.Woman 5: On most days I work on my computerto complete my projects. I interpret logs, createmaps, research local and regional geology or writedocuments. I go to project meetings almost every day.I typically work only during business hours, but thereare times when I get calls at night or on weekendsfrom a rig or other geologists for assistance with atechnical problem.



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Adapted from URL: . Retrieved on February 14, 2012.

11 According to Text I, when asked about their choice of the oil and gas industry,(A) all the interviewees pointed out the relevance of having a green job.(B) all the women felt really committed to solving the nations energy problems.(C) all the interviewees mentioned that the challenges of the field attracted them.(D) just one of the women commented that she was attracted by the location of the job.(E) no interviewee considered the salary an important factor for accepting the job.

12 In Text I, using the interviewees experience, it can be said that getting a job in the O&G industry can result from all the following situations, EXCEPT(A) participating in a job fair.(B) taking part in O&G Industry interviews.(C) applying to specific job ads via internet sites.(D) attending a university where major oil companies look for prospective employees.(E) getting previous experience in an internship program with an O&G organization.

13 In Text I, according to the answers to the third question in the interview,(A) Woman 1 implies that every day is the same for her, since she performs exactly the same tasks routinely.(B) Woman 2 complains against her very boring schedule at the office, dealing with strictly technical issues.(C) Woman 3 always works off hours and does not get involved with the operations in the field.(D) Woman 4 has negotiations with the international branches and gets involved in commercial and technical issues.(E) Woman 5 does not need to worry about preparing written materials nor deciding on last-minute technical issues at nights or on weekends.

14 Based on the meanings of the words in Text I,(A) major (line 22) and main express opposite ideas.(B) headquarters (line 40) could be substituted by main office.(C) smart (line 51) and intelligent are antonyms.(D) enhance (line 66) and reduce express similar ideas.(E) prospective (line 84) and former are synonyms.

15 The sentence, in Text I, in which the boldfaced expression introduces an idea of addition is(A) Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas (O&G) industry compared tomen, many women find rewarding careers in the industry. (lines 1-3)(B) I chose the oil and gas industry because of the challenging projects, (lines 17-18)(C) Even though my Masters thesis was more geared toward environmental studies, (lines 31-32)(D) as well as other business relationships abroad. (lines 76-77)



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(E) but there are times when I get calls at night or on weekends from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a technical problem. (lines 91-94)

16 In Text I, the expression turn down in I couldnt turn down the great starting salary and a chance to live in New Orleans (lines 12-14) could be replaced, without change in meaning, by(A) refuse(B) take(C) accept(D) request(E) understand

17 The only fragment from Text I that presents a series of actions exclusively performed in the past is(A) I chose the oil and gas industry because of the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our countrys energy solution. (lines 17-19)(B) I held that position for three years. I left that company to join a new startup company where I hold the position of president. (lines 46-48)(C) My first job in the oil and gas industry was an internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans. I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented geoscientistsand engineers. (lines 49-52)(D) At the office, I am involved in the daily business operations and also stay closely involved in the projects and the sales efforts. (lines 77-80)(E) On most days I work on my computer to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create maps, research local and regional geology or write documents. (lines 87-90)

Gabarito:

11- D 12- C 13- D 14- B 15- D 16- A 17- C


Prof. Renato Baggio Lngua Inglesa p/ Petrobras

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LNGUA INGLESA - PetrobrasProfessor: RENATO BAGGIO

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Pronouns

1.0. Possessive Pronouns

H dois tipos de pronomes possessivos: Os Possessive Adjectives e os Possessive Pronouns.

Os Possessive Adjectives so seguidos de um substantivo. J os Possessive Pronouns no podem ser seguidos de um substantivo. Elesso usados depois do substantivo ao qual se referem, para evitar redundncia.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

MY MINE

YOUR YOURS

HIS HIS

HER HERS

ITS ITS

OUR OURS

YOUR YOURS

THEIR THEIRS

Antes do Substantivo Depois do Substantivo

Ex.: I have my friends and you have your friends. I have my friends and you have yours.

Ex.: These are my books. Where are your books?These are my books. Where are yours?

1.3. Reflexive Pronouns

Os pronomes reflexivos concordam com os pronomes pessoais (sujeitos das frases). Eles podem se referir ao sujeito ou ao objeto da frase.

Os pronomes reflexivos possuem 3 usos:a) Uso reflexivob) Uso enfticoc) Uso idiomtico



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SUBJECTIVE PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

I MYSELF

YOU YOURSELF

HE HIMSELF

SHE HERSELF

IT ITSELF

WE OURSELVES

YOU YOURSELVES

THEY THEMSELVES

a) Uso reflexivo para indicar que a ao reflete-se no prprio causador:Ex.: The man cut himself.

b) Uso enftico para dar nfase (destaque) a uma pessoa ou objeto:I myself fixed the computer. Jane herself cleaned the house.

c) Uso idiomtico freqentemente usado com a preposio by para substituira palavra ALONE (=s; sozinho):I finished the report alone. = I finished the report by myself.

Exercises

CESGRANRIO - Concurso Petrobras - 2012How To Start A Career In The Oil And Gas Industry:What Employers SayBy Katie WeirFrom Talent Acquisition Specialist, CampusTalisman EnergyHow to start your career, step by stepFix up your resum take it to your careercentre at your university and theyll help you.Write a compelling cover letter that speaks toyour best qualities save the pretentious languagefor your English papers.Join a professional association and attendtheir events if you feel uncomfortable attendingalone, try volunteering at them. By having a job to do,it gives you an excuse to interact with the attendees,



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and an easy way to start up a conversation the nexttime you see them.Do your research I cant stress this enough. Iwant students to apply to Talisman, not because wehave open jobs, but because they actually have aninterest in what were doing, and want to be a part of it.Be confident, but stay humble its importantto communicate your abilities effectively, but its alsoimportant to be conscious of the phrase: sense ofentitlement. This generation entering the workforcehas already been branded with the word entitlement,so students will need to fight against this bias from thevery beginning of any relationship with people in theindustry be aware that you will need to roll up yoursleeves and work hard for the first couple years, andyou will be rewarded in the end.

Retrieved and adapted from URL: . Acess on: February 14, 2012.

18 The main purpose of Text II is to(A) teach prospective workers how to prepare cover letters to impress employers.(B) advise the readers about the importance of researching for open jobs in institutional websites.(C) criticize job candidates who are excessively confident and feel that the world owes them something.(D) alert the readers to the importance of joining a professional association to have free access to their events.(E) list relevant hints for those interested in entering the job market and building a successful professional life.

19 The fragment that closes Text II, be aware that you will need to roll up your sleeves and work hard for the first couple years, and you will be rewarded in the end. (lines 23-25), implies that one must(A) make an effort to commit totally to ones job in the initial phase, in order to reachsuccess in the future.(B) wear formal clothes to work so that, as years go by, a couple of top-rank officerscan recognize ones worth.(C) accept jobs with severe routines only in order to obtain early promotions.(D) avoid postponing assigned tasks and wearing inappropriate clothes in the working environment.(E) show commitment to the working routine and demand the rewards frequently offered to senior employees.

20 Concerning Texts I and II, it is possible to affirm that(A) neither text points out ways to get rewarding jobs in the O&G industry.(B) both texts discuss strategies to ask for promotion in the O&G industry.(C) both texts present ways of starting successful careers in the O&G industry.



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(D) only Text I encourages prospective employees of O&G industries to plan their careers in advance.(E) only Text II provides hints on how to give up highly-paid jobs in the O&G industry.

Gabarito20- C


18- E 19- A


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SIMPLE PRESENT

1.1. CONCEITO

O Simple Present mais usado para falar de coisas que acontecem habitualmente e verdades absolutas, entretanto, ele pode ainda ser usado para falar do futuro ou at mesmo do passado!

1.2. VERB TO BE I AM IM

YOU ARE YOURE

HE

IS

HES

SHE SHES

IT ITS

WE ARE WERE

YOU ARE YOURE

THEY ARE THEYRE

VERB TO BE = SER / ESTAR

Ex.: I am a doctor. = Eu sou um mdico. Ex.: I am tired. = Eu estou cansado Ex.: They are students. = Eles so alunos.Ex.: They are worried about the test. = Eles esto preocupados com a prova.

VERB TO BE - FORM AffirmativeEx.: I am tired.

NegativeEx.: I am not tired. / Im not tired.

InterrogativeEx.: Am I tired? Ex.: Why am I tired?



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1 ) AffirmativeEx.: She is beautiful.

NegativeEx.: She isnt beautiful.

InterrogativeEx.: Is she beautiful?

2) AffirmativeEx.: We are lost.

NegativeEx.: We arent lost.

InterrogativeEx.: Are we lost?

1.3. ESTRUTURA Como saber se um verbo est no Simple Present no texto da prova?AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I WORK I DONT WORK DO I WORK

YOU WORK YOU DONT WORK DO YOU WORK

HE HE HE

SHE WORKS SHE DOESNT WORK DOES SHE WORK

IT IT IT

WE WORK WE DONT WORK DO WE WORK

THEY WORK THEY DONT WORK DO THEY WORK



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SIMPLE PRESENT - FORM

1) AffirmativeEx.: I like to read.

NegativeEx.: I dont like to read.

InterrogativeEx.: Do you like to read? > Why do you like to read?

2)AffirmativeEx.: She likes to read.

NegativeEx.: She doesnt like to read.

InterrogativeEx.: Does she like to read?

1.4. USO

a) AES HABITUAISEx.: Josh usually travels to the beach at weekends.

b) FATOSEx.: The moon is our natural satellite.

c) FUTURO PROGRAMADOEx.: The bus leaves at 10 oclock.

d) PASSADOEx.: In 1945 the World War II ends.



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PRESENT CONTINUOUS

1.1. CONCEITO

Tambm chamado de Present Progressive, normalmente O Present Continuous usado para indicar uma ao que est acontecendo agora (neste momento) e que ainda no acabou. Ele pode, entretanto, indicar outrostipos de ao como veremos adiante.

1.2. Present Continuous - FORM

O Present Continuous formado pelo Verbo To Be no presente, acrescido de outro verbo na forma do Gerndio.

Ex.: I am studying now.

AffirmativeEx.: My father is working now.

NegativeEx.: My father isnt working now.

InterrogativeEx.: Is my father working now?Ex.: Why is my father working now?

1.3. USO

a) AES EM ANDAMENTOEx.: Jane is studying in her room now.

b) AES TEMPORRIASEx.: I am living with some friends until the end of the month.

c) FUTURO PLANEJADOEx.: We are traveling to London next month.

d) AES REPETIDASEx.: My car is always breaking down.



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CUIDADO! Tudo o que est acontecendo possui ING mas nem tudo o que possui ING est acontecendo!

COMPARE: 1 Smoking is bad for you. (Fumar faz mal voc.)

2 I like dancing(Eu gosto de danar)

3 I am interested in learning French. (Eu estou interessado em aprender francs.)

4 It is a boring movie.( um filme chato.)

Exercise

Read the text

Ask women what disease they fear most, and the vast majority will answer: breast cancer. They may even cite the ominous statistic that 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer at some point in her life. But what most women dont realize is that they actually have far more to fear from heart disease, which will strike 1 out of every 3. More than 2 million European women die each year of cardiovascular disease thats 43% of all deaths making their hearts, not breast cancer (with 5% of deaths annually), their No 1 killer.

Women and heart disease? Better believe it. For while most people still think of cardiovascular trouble as mainly a mans problem, the reality is that heart disease has never discriminated between the sexes. In fact, for a varietyof complex reasons, the condition is more often fatal in women than in men and is more likely to leave women severely disabled by a stroke or congestiveheart failure. True, women dont usually start showing signs until their 60s about 10 years after men first develop symptoms. And hormones seem to play a protective role in women before menopause. But the common belief that premenopausal women are immune to heart problems is just plain wrong.In Britain alone, heart disease kills over 1,500 women younger than 45 each year.

Time, August 11, 2003GlossaryDisease = doenaBreast cancer = cancer de mamaOminous = assustador; sinistro

1. The text says that:



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a) breast cancer has been womens top killer.b) men tend to experience heart attacks earlier than women.c) hormones protect women over sixty from heart disease.d) mens cardiovascular systems demand more special attention than womens.e) women but not men may be disabled by heart failure.

2. What does the vast majority (line 1) refer to?a) premenopausal women.b) European women.c) disabled women.d) British women.e) women in general.

Gabarito 1 - b2 - e



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SIMPLE PAST

1.1. CONCEITO

O Simple Past um tempo verbal usado para indicar aes completas no passado com tempo definido.

1.2. VERB TO BE

VERB TO BE = SER / ESTAR

Ex.: I was sick last night.Eu estava doente noite passada.

Ex.: I was short when I was a kid. Eu era baixo quando era criana.

Ex.: They were tired after the game.Eles estavam cansados depois do jogo.

Ex.: They were friends in the past. Eles eram amigos no passado.

VERB TO BE - FORM

AffirmativeEx.: She was tired.

NegativeEx.: She wasnt tired.


I WAS

YOU WERE

HE

WAS SHE

IT

WE WERE

YOU WERE

THEY WERE


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InterrogativeEx.: Was she tired? Ex.: Why was she tired?

1.3. ESTRUTURA

Alm do verbo To Be, h dois tipos de verbos no Simple Past. Os Verbos Regulares e os Verbos Irregulares.

REGULAR VERBS So acrescidos de ED ao final do verbo para formar o passado. Ex.: Work workedWatch watched

IRREGULAR VERBS - No so acrescidos de ED para formar o passado.Ex.:Go went Cut cut

SIMPLE PAST- FORM 1) AffirmativeEx.: I worked a lot yesterday.

NegativeEx.: I didnt work a lot yesterday.

InterrogativeEx.: Did you work a lot yesterday?

2) AffirmativeEx.: She went out last night.

NegativeEx.: She didnt go out last night.

InterrogativeEx.: Did she go out last night?

Exercises

In the twentieth century, architects in large cities designed structures in a waythat reduced noise and yet made living as comfortable as possible. They usedsuch techniques as making walls hollow and filling this wall space withmaterials that absorb noise. Thick carpets and heavy curtains were used tocover floors and windows. Air conditioners and furnaces were designed to



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filter air through soundproofing materials. However, after much time andeffort had been spent in making buildings less noisy, it was discovered thatpeople also reacted adversely to the lack of sound. Now architects aredesigning structures which reduce undesirable noise but retain the kind ofnoise that people seem to need.

(Jolene Gear & Robert Gear)Vocabulary :Noise: barulhoHollow: vazioFill: preencherFurnace: fornoLack: ausncia; falta deRetain: manter:

01. Na linha 2, they refere-se a: a) architectsb) cities c) structures d) techniques e) materials

02. A alternativa cujo contedo no mencionado como um amortecedor do som : a) Thick carpets and heavy curtains b) Filled hollow walls c) Air conditioners and furnaces d) Soundproof material e) Air filters

03. Atualmente, os arquitetos esto projetando: a) o barulho ideal.b) estruturas com um pouco de barulho.c) construes adversas. d) tcnicas barulhentas.e) novas tcnicas de impedir o barulho. 04. As pessoas vivem mais confortavelmente com: a) noisy furnaces b) silence c) reduced noise d) undesirable noises e) heavy curtains

FINDING A SCAPEGOAT WHEN EPIDEMICS STRIKEThe swine flu outbreak of 2009 has been nowhere near as virulent as the pandemics throughout history. However, as history has shown, someone getsthe blame for the spread of epidemics at first Mexico, with attacks on Mexicans in other countries. In May, a Mexican soccer player who said he wascalled a leper by a Chilean opponent spat on his tormentor. In June,



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Argentines stoned Chilean buses, saying they were importing disease. When Argentinas caseload soared, European countries warned their citizens against visiting it. When disease strikes and humans suffer, said Dr.Liise-anne Pirofski, an expert on the history of epidemics, the need to understand why is very powerful. And, unfortunately, identification of a scapegoat is sometimes inevitable. The most visible aspect of blame, of course, is what name a disease gets. The World Health Organization has struggled to avoid the names given the Spanish, Hong Kong and Asian flus, instructing itsrepresentatives to shift from swine flu to H1N1 to A (H1N1) S.O.I.V. (the last four initials stand forswine-origin influenza virus) to, recently, Pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Headlinewriters have rebelled, and ignored them. The truth is that diseases are so complex that pointing blame is useless, simply deflecting blame may be moreefficient.Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/01, September, 2009.

05. Which alternative best describes the general idea of the text?A) The swine flu is not as strong as other pandemics in history.B) When epidemics strike people must find its cause and origin in order to understand it.C) The European countries were prejudiced against Argentina.D) How the name of H1N1 has changed so far.E) The headline writers insist on finding thescapegoats for the epidemics.

06. According to the text, in paragraph three the sentence When Argentinas caseload soared means:A) The number of cases of H1N1 patients in Argentina went up.B) The virus was discovered in Argentina.C) The virus was brought by Chileans to Argentina.D) The number of cases of H1N1 patients in Argentina got stable.E) The number of cases of H1N1 patients in Argentina went down.

gabarito1 - a2 - e 3 - b 4 - c 5 - b 6 - a



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PAST CONTINUOUS

1.1. CONCEITO O Past Continuous usado para nos referirmos a algo que estava acontecendo em torno deum momento especfico no passado ou que estava acontecendo o tempo todo num perodode tempo no passado.

1.2. Past Continuous - FORM O Past Continuous formado pelo Verbo To Be no passado acrescido de outro verbo naforma do Gerndio.

Ex.: I was studying when you called me last night.

PAST CONTINUOUS- FORM

AffirmativeEx.: John was studying.

NegativeEx.: John wasnt studying.

InterrogativeEx.: Was John studying?Ex.: What was John studying?

1.3. USO a) O Past Continuous usado juntamente com o Simple Past quando dizemos que algoaconteceu enquanto outra ao estava em andamento.Ex.: I was taking a shower when Jane called me. b) O Past Continuous pode ainda ser usado para indicar duas aes que estavamacontecendo simultaneamente. Ex.: Bob was studying while Jane was cooking.

CUIDADO! CAREFUL! CUIDADO! CAREFUL!Tudo o que est acontecendo possui ING mas nem tudo o que possui ING est acontecendo!



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COMPARE: 1 Smoking is bad for you. (Fumar faz mal voc.)

2 I like dancing(Eu gosto de danar) 3 I am interested in learning French. (Eu estou interessado em aprender francs.

4 It is a boring movie.( um filme chato.

Exercises1. Complete the sentences with the Simple Past or the Past Continuous of the verbs inbrackets:

a) As I _____________ (drive) home, a policeman __________ (stop) me and _______ (ask) me for mydriving license.

b) Last night when I ________ (arrive) home, myparents _______________ (have) dinner.

c) The secretary ___________ (type) a letter when her boss _______ (ask) her for somecoffee.

d) When I __________ (wake) up this morning it _______________ (rain).

Suspected Thief Drowns Sun Aug 18, 7:35 AM

TULSA, Oklahoma - A suspected thief, weighed down with more than 50 pounds of stolen cameras and CDs, among other items, drowned as he attempted to evade police by swimming across the Arkansas River, officials said. The man, identified as Edward McBride, 37, was carrying a bag weighing 50 pounds that contained stolen items and was found Friday with stolen goods also stuffed in his pockets, said Tulsa police spokesman Lucky Lamons. He was being pursued by Tulsa police who suspected him of robbing a Tulsa home when he jumped into the muddy Arkansas River.

"He got about 40 yards out and yelled for help," Lamons said. "The officers took off their shirts, shoes and belts and jumped into the river. By the time they reached him, he had gone under."

Lamons said rescue workers retrieved McBride's body about an hour later from about 8 feet to 10 feet of water along with the bag containing stolen goods.

Disponvel em:


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1. According to the text, the police tried to help McBride before he drowned. ( ) certo ( ) errado 2. 1. According to the text, the police was able to reach McBride in time to arrest him. ( ) certo ( ) errado

3. 1. According to the text, the police found some evidence that McBride was a thief. ( ) certo ( ) errado

CONJUNCTIONS1.1. CONCEITO

Conjunes so palavras que unem oraes em frases. Alm de formar frases, asconjunes tambm nos mostram como os significados de tais oraes esto relacionados,do sentido e coerncia ao texto deixando-o mais bem articulado.

As conjunes podem ser coordenativas ou subordinativas. As conjunes coordenativas unem duas oraes que so gramaticalmente independentesuma da outra. (and ; or; but; etc.) Ex.: I like music. I dont play any musical instrument. I like music but I dont play any musical instrument.

As conjunes subordinativas servem para unir uma orao que parte de outra, ou seja,uma orao que depende da outra. Por isso, tal orao chamada de orao subordinada. (because; although; when; etc.)Ex.: I dont smoke. It is bad for my health. I dont smoke because it is bad for my health.

Conjuno Traduo

And e

But mas

Or ou

Although/though embora

However apesar de; entretanto



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In spite of/despite apesar de

When quando

Whenever sempre que

While enquanto; enquanto que

As soon as logo que

Till/ until at

In order to a fim de

So that de modo que

Because por que

As porque; , assim que

Since desde; j que; porque

Therefore portanto

Nevertheless todavia; contudo

Besides alm de

Moreover alm do mais

Unless a menos que

EXERCISES

Read the text:

One More Reason To Eat Your VeggiesIf youre worried about prostate cancer, it might pay to eat an apple a day. Or an onion. Researchersat the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., report that a natural substance called Quercetin significantly reduced the ability of prostate tumor cells to absorb the hormone they need to develop and proliferate. Quercetin is found in apples, onions, leafy vegetables, green and



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black tea, beans, and red wine. The team, led by Dr. Nianzeng Xing, cautioned that the study has been done only on cancer cells cultivated in the lab, and Quercetin hasnt been tested in human patients. But it has two advantages as a potential treatment: it is abundant and safe. Prostate cancer, the most common cancer in men, will strike 198,100 Americans this year and kill 31,500, according to the American Cancer Society. Existing treatments have severe side effects, so scientists have been searching for a safer one. The researchers found that Quercetin reduced prostate cancer cells absorption of androgens, the male hormones that stimulate prostate cancer. Next, the Mayo team will test Quercetin in mice that have been bioengineered to develop prostate cancer.

(In: Business Week, April 9, 2001. p. 106.) Vocabulary:it might pay vale a penaonion cebolaresearch pesquisadevelop desenvolverleafy folhosolab laboratriocell clulasafe segurostrike atacarside effect efeito colateralmice camundongos



Aula 05.

veggies - vegetais

01. Pode-se dizer que a inteno principal do texto :a) ( ) Apresentar um relato preliminar de uma pesquisa que visa a preveno do cncerde prstata. b) ( ) Incentivar a ingesto de frutas e legumes no combate clula cancerosa denominada Quercetina. c) ( ) Questionar os efeitos colaterais apresentados por uma substncia que combate o cncer de prstata. d) ( ) Discutir um trabalho cientfico sobre os hormnios absorvidos pelas clulas cancerosas em sua proliferao. e) ( ) Relatar uma pesquisa sobre a mortalidade de homens americanos decorrente de cncer de prstata.

02. O estudo mencionado no texto foi realizado pela equipe liderada pelo Dr. Nianzeng Xing em: a) ( ) Homens norte-americanos de meia-idade. b) ( ) Diversos tipos de ratos geneticamente modificados. c) ( ) Frutas e vegetais modificados em laboratrio. d) ( ) Clulas cancerosas cultivadas em laboratrio. e) ( ) Ratos tratados com o objetivo de desenvolver cncer de prstata.

03. Marque a alternativa que apresenta a melhor maneira de completar a frase que segue usando o Simple Past e o Past Continuous:

As I __________ (drive) home, a policeman __________ (stop) me and __________ (ask) me for my driving license.

a) drove was stopping asked b) was driving was stopping asked c) drove stopped was asking d) was driving stopped was askinge) was driving stopped asked

GABARITO

1 - A 2 - D3 - E



Aula 07.



Aula: 07


Aula 07.

Ingls

PRESENT PERFECT

1.1. CONCEITO uma outra forma de indicar o passado, embora ele seja um tempo presente. O Present Perfect sempre fala do agora.

Compare:1- He has lost his key. (Present Perfect)(Ele no tem a chave agora)

2 - He lost his key. (Simple Past) (No se sabe se ele tem a chave ou no... s se sabe que ele a perdeu em algum momento no passado)

1.2. Present Perfect - form Como reconhecer a estrutura do Present Perfect no texto? O Present Perfect formado a partir do auxiliar HAVE e do verbo principal no Passado Particpio.

Ex.: I have seen an accident.

I HAVE IVE

YOU HAVE YOUVE

HE HES

SHE HAS SEEN = SHES SEEN

IT ITS

WE HAVE WEVE

THEY HAVE THEYVE

AffirmativeEx.: I have seen this movie before. NegativeEx.: I havent seen this movie before. InterrogativeEx.: Have you seen this movie before?Where have you seen this movie before?



Aula 07.

AffirmativeEx.: Shes seen this movie before. NegativeEx.: She hasnt seen this movie before. InterrogativeEx.: Has she seen this movie before?Where has she seen this movie before?

QUAL A DIFERENA ENTRE O SIMPLE PAST E O PRESENT PERFECT? SIMPLE PAST

1) Aes completas no passado. Ex.: I studied Cantonese for 2 years. 2) No possui relao com o presente.Ex.: I broke my leg.

PRESENT PERFECT1) Aes continuamno presente.

Ex.: I have studied Cantonese for 2 years. 2) Possui resultado ou consequncia no presente. Ex.: I have broken my leg.

EXERCISES

Leia o texto a seguir

Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, was born on March 28, 1936, in the Peruvian provincial city of Arequipa. He is a writer, politician, journalist, essayist, and Nobel Prize laureate. Vargas Llosa is one of Latin America's most significant novelists andessayists, and one of the leading authors of his generation. Some critics consider him to have had a larger international impact and worldwide audience than any other writer of the Latin American Boom. He was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat". Vargas Llosa rose to fame in the 1960s with novels such as The Time of the Hero (La ciudad y los perros, literally The City and the Dogs, 1963/1966), The Green House (La casa verde, 1965/1968), and the monumental Conversation in the Cathedral (Conversacin en la catedral, 1969/1975). He writes prolifically across an array of literary genres, including literarycriticism andjournalism. His novels include comedies, murder mysteries, historical novels, and political thrillers. Several, such as Captain Pantoja and the Special Service (1973/1978) and Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter (1977/1982), have been adapted as feature films. Many of Vargas Llosa's works are influenced by the writer's perception of Peruvian society and his own experiences as a native Peruvian. Increasingly, however, he has expanded his range, and tackled themes that arise from other parts of the world. Another change over the course of his career has been a shift from a style and approach associated with literary modernism, to a sometimes playful postmodernism.Like many Latin American authors, Vargas Llosa has been politically active throughout his career; over the course of his life, he has gradually moved from thepolitical left towards liberalism or neoliberalism, a definitively more conservative political position. While he initially supported the Cuban revolutionary government ofFidel Castro, Vargas Llosa later became disenchanted with the Cuban dictator and



Aula 07.

his authoritarian regime. He ran for the Peruvian presidency in 1990 with the center-right Frente Democrtico (FREDEMO) coalition, advocating neoliberal reforms.

(Adapted from www.wikipedia.org)

17 - Are these statements about Vargas Llosa TRUE (T) or FALSE (F), according to the text?( ) He was born in the city of Arequipa, Peru.( ) He is a journalist, a lawyer, a writer and a Nobel Prize laureate.( ) Some critics consider him to be the greatest writer in the Americas.( ) He is one of the leading writers of the Latin American Boom.( ) He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1990.

Mark the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.a) F T F T F.b) T F F T F.c) F T T F T.d) T T F F T.e) T F T T F.

2 - Which of these statements DOES NOT CORRESPOND to information givenin the text about Vargas Llosa?a) He became famous in the 1960s.b) His texts involve a wide range of literary genres.c) Most of his novels have been adapted to films.d) His novels include themes such as politics, murder mysteries and thrillers.e) One of the first novels he wrote was The Time of the Hero.

3 - According to the text, Vargas Llosas writings:a) do not evolve around themes concerning different parts of the world.b) are all about his early life in Arequipa.c) have shifted from a romantic to a modern style.d) should be more universal and deal with themes related to the most important cultures.e) have been influenced by the society of his country.

4 - According to the text, Vargas Llosa:a) has been politically active only after 1990, when he ran for President.b) became the President of Peru in 1990.c) strongly supports Fidel Castro and his revolutionary government.d) has moved from the left to a more liberal or neoliberal political position.e) is a member of the communist party in Peru.

GABARITO1 - b2 - c3 - e4 - d


Prof. Renato Baggio Disciplina p/ Concurso Petrobras

Aulas 08



Aula: 08


Aulas 08

Present Perfect Special Cases

1) Aes repetidas no passado:Ex.: Ive seen that film many times

2) Aes completas num perodo de tempo inacabado:Ex.: Ive met Jane today.

3) Already = j:Ex.: I have already finished my project.

4) Yet = ainda / jEx.: Have you talked to Steve yet?

I havent read the forms yet.

5) Lately = ultimamenteRecently = recentementeEx.: I have worked a lot lately.

6) Ever (alguma vez / j)Never = nuncaEx.: Have you ever eaten snails?

This is the best film Ive ever seen. Ive never been to Japan.

7) Just = acabou deEx.: I have just seen an accident.

8) Since / ForEx.: I have studied Cantonese for 3 years.

I have studied Cantonese since 2001.

9) John has been to London VS.

John has gone to London

01. Read the sentences and circle the option that best completes eachsentence.

a. Look at this place! The hurricane _________ everything! There is nothing left!. A destroyed B has destroyed C was destroying D was destroyed by

b. Jane and Jack _________ together for a long time. A has been B have been C was D were



Aulas 08

c. Toni _________ to Canada. Hes coming back only next year. A has been B went C has gone D was went

d. Tom _________ to London. Hes going there for the first time. A have never been B has just been C has already been D has neverbeene. Have you finished your homework _________?A just B ever C yet D never

02. Qual das frases abaixo est no Present Perfect?a) ( ) She went to the beach with her family last week.b) ( ) Peter finished his project last week.c) ( ) Steves never been to Japan.d) ( ) Susan and Kate were very tired after the game yesterday.e) ( ) Carol studied French for 3 years.

03. Marque a alternativa errada com relao ao uso do Present Perfect.a) ( ) Weve already finished our homework.b) ( ) Steve and Jack has studied together.c) ( ) They havent visited us yet. d) ( ) I have seen a terrible accident once. e) ( ) The computer has helped me in my work.

04. Marque a alternativa correta com relao ao uso do Present Perfect.a) ( ) Weve already finish our homework.b) ( ) Steve and Jack has studied together.c) ( ) They didnt visited us yet. d) ( ) I have seen a terrible accident once. e) ( ) The band have played great songs

05. Complete as oraes com o Simple Past ou o Present Perfect. a) The boys __________________a lot for the test .Thats why they should

have gotten a better grade. (study)b) Look! Those houses __________________repaired. They are really

beautiful now.(be) c) My friends and I __________________ a lot recently. (go out)d) He __________________married for ten years. Now he is divorced. (be)e) My cat __________________last year. (die)f) I __________________in So Paulo since the begging in of this year.(live) g) It __________________a lot since last night. I dont know how they are

going to cross that river. (rain)h) My brother __________________ his arm when he was a child. (break)i) We __________________money for years. Soon we will be able to buy a

new house. (save)j) John __________________ to Recife before. (be)

06. Leia as frases a seguir e marque com um X aquelas que apresentam ouso correto do Present Perfect e do Simple Past:a. ( ) John has had many jobs before he came to live in Bristol.



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b. ( ) Peter is getting prepared for the marathon. He runned 10 km yesterday.c. ( ) Did you saw the news last night?d. ( ) We didnt like the film we saw at the cinema. e. ( ) Have you cleaned your bedroom already?f. ( ) What did you had for dinner last night?

Texto para simples prtica de leitura.

Dutch eye surgeons have implanted tiny pieces of jewelry called JewelEye in the mucous membrane of the eyes of six women and one man in cosmetic surgery pioneered by an ophthalmic surgery research and development institutein Rotterdam. The procedure involves inserting a 0.13 inch wide piece of specially developed jewelry - the range includes a glittering half-moon or heart - into the eyes mucous membrane under local anaesthetic at a cost of $610 to $1,232.In my view it is a little more subtle than (body) piercing. It is a bit of a fun thing and a very personal thing for people, said Gerrit Melles, director of the Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery. The piece of jewelry is inserted in the conjunctiva -- the mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and front of the eyeball -- in sterile conditions using an operating microscope in a procedure taking about 15 minutes. Without doing any harm to the eye we can implant a jewel in the conjunctiva, Melles said. So far we have not seen any side effects or complications and we dont expect any in the future. The Rotterdam-based institute, which develops new ocular surgical techniques in corneal, cataract and retinal surgery, developed and patented the jewelry made with special materials and the surgical procedure. The institute, which carries out the procedure in cooperation with an eye clinic near the city of Utrecht, said it has a waiting list for people who wanted the implant. From: http://msnbc.msn.com/id/4685961/

Leia o texto a seguir



Aulas 08

Gabarito:

1 - (Gabarito: B)(Gabarito: C)(Gabarito: C)(Gabarito: D)(Gabarito: B)

2- c 3 - b 4 - d5 a) have studiedb) have beenc) have gone outd) wase) diedf) have livedg) has rainedh) brokei) have savedj) hasnt been / has been

6 - Esto corretasa - d - e



Aula 09.


LNGUA INGLESA - Petrobras Professor: RENATO BAGGIO

Aula: 09


Aula 09.

Ingls

PAST PERFECT 1.1. CONCEITO Indica uma ao que ocorreu antes de outra ao que tambm estava no passado. Ele d ordem aos eventos ocorridos no passado.

Ex.: Steve had left the building in time.

O Past Perfect muito usado com o Simple Past.Ex: The students had finished the exercise when the teacher entered the classroom.

1.2. PAST PERFECT - FORM AffirmativeEx.: She had been to Scotland before.

NegativeEx.: She hadnt been to Scotland before. InterrogativeEx.: Had she been to Scotland before?Why had she been to Scotland before?

1.3. USO O Past Perfect sempre indica a ao que aconteceu mais no passado, ou seja,aquela ao que, numa sequncia cronolgica de eventos, aconteceu primeiramente.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1.1. CONCEITO

Indica uma ao que esteve em andamento antes de outra ao passada.

Ex.: I had been waiting for a long time when I finally realized I was in the wrong line.

Note que o Past Perfect Continuous tambm muito usado juntamente com oSimple Past.

1.2. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS - FORM



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Affirmative Ex.: They had been waiting for a long time.

Negative Ex.: They hadnt been waiting for a long time.

Interrogative Ex.: Had they been waiting for a long time?

EXERCISESCESGRANRIO - PETROBRAS - ADVOGADO - 2008From Science Fiction to Reality: Personal Robots Emerge at Work, Home and School

Its 6 a.m., and the Clarks awake to fresh coffee served to them by Millie, one of the familys personal robots. As they get ready for work, Millie makes the bed, and their robotic dog Mickey gently reminds Mr. Clark to take his medicine. This scenario is not a page from a lost Jetsons script. Its likely to be a normal day in the life of a family in as few as 20 years from now, according to robotics experts at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Already, the global market for personal robots is growing 400 percent a year, says Professor Henrik Christensen, director of the newly formedRobotics and Intelligent Machines Center in the Georgia Tech College of Computing. Personal robots are becoming more popular as people want to do more and more with their lives, Christensen says. Technology is making it possible...We live stressful lives now, and we can use technology to take away the boring tasks of everyday life.Robots are not novel technology in industry, the military and even space exploration. However, a new generation of intelligent machines called personal robots ones that work with and directly for humans, especially in the home, workplace and school have begun to emerge only recently. A confluence of smart materials, low-cost, high-speed computing power, better batteries and knowledge of how humans interact with machines is creating an explosion in the market for personal robots, researchers say. To have a personal robot that does things you need, you have to have onboard processing, perception, motion and power, says roboticist Tucker Balch, an associate professor in the College of Computing. Until two or three years ago, you couldnt put all of that on one small, light platform. Motors and computers take a lot of energy, and the batteries we had couldnt do the job. Now, demand for better cell phone and laptop batteries is driving improvements, Balch adds. Therefore, we have all the technologies which can support a consumer robot that is not too expensive. Balch predicts that truly useful, multi-function personal robots will cost between $1,000 and $1,500. Single-purpose robots, such as the Roomba vacuum cleaner already on the market, cost between $150 and $300.While some personal robots are already available, important research is under way to address the remaining technical and societal challenges. Georgia Tech researchers in computer science, engineering, psychology and the liberal arts are collaborating under the umbrella of the new Robotics and Intelligent Machines Center that Christensen directs. That cooperation is vital to creating the best-



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designed personal robots. If you just have computer scientists designing them, youre not going to build a robot thats as good as one that could be built by computer scientists and mechanical engineers working together, Christensen says.We are leveraging Georgia Techs world-class expertise in all of these domains and want to make something that no one else in the United States is doing today. Research Horizons Magazine - June 8, 2007 (slightly adapted)

11 Based on Professor Henrik Christensens words in Paragraph 2, it is possible to affirm that (A) people consider robots unexciting and disturbing. (B) people do not expect robots to perform daily boring activities. (C) intelligent robots are making modern life stressful. (D) technology will never improve peoples quality of life. (E) new technological inventions can make peoples lives easier. 12 According to Paragraph 3, one of the aspects that has contributed to the expansion of the personal robot market is the (A) very high price of speedy computing power. (B) smaller and less efficient computer batteries. (C) better knowledge of human-machine interaction. (D) sudden popularity of American robotics experts. (E) high consumption of energy by the new machines.

13 Roboticist Tucker Balch, mentioned in Paragraph 3, believes that (A) the reasonable cost for the multi-function robots is in the $150-$300 price range.(B) most personal robots that can handle a variety of tasks will be sold for a minimum of a thousand dollars. (C) in three years, scientists will start developing the batteries needed to power single-purpose personal robots. (D) the latest developments in laptops and cell phones have taken the scientists attention away from personal robots. (E) no robots will ever perform multi-functions because it is impossible to combine processing, perception, motion and power in one platform.

14 Which option expresses an accurate relationship between the items? (A) take away (line 17) and remove are synonymous. (B) novel (line 19) is the opposite of new. (C) emerge (line 24) means the same as disappear. (D) improvements (line 36) and advances reflect contradictory ideas. (E) useful (line 38) could not be substituted by helpful.

15 In terms of reference, the only item that DOES NOT refer to robot(s) is (A) one (line 2). (B) their (line 15). (C) ones (line 22). (D) that (line 38). (E) them (line 51).

16 The boldfaced item introduces a conclusion in (A) As they get ready for work, Millie makes the bed, (line 3)



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(B) However, a new generation of intelligent machines called personal robots (lines 20-21) (C) Therefore, we have all the technologies which can support a consumer robot(lines 36-37). (D) While some personal robots are already available, important research is under way (lines 43-44) (E) If you just have computer scientists designing them, youre not going to build a robot thats . (lines 50-52) 17 From the sentence That cooperation is vital to creating the best-designed personal robots. (lines 49-50) it is possible to infer that the (A) expertise of Georgia Techs computer science researchers alone will help develop the best personal robots in the United States. (B) joint effort of computer scientists and mechanical engineers is not likely to improve robot design. (C) alliance between computer scientists, designers and psychologists can be harmful to the future of robotics. (D) collaboration of researchers from different areas of knowledge will be extremely beneficial to the future of robotics. (E) collaboration between Georgia Tech researchers and the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Center is inefficient.

18 Where in the text does the author refer to possible tasks to be performed by personal robots in the near future? (A) Paragraphs 1 and 2 (lines 1-5 ; 6-18). (B) Paragraph 2, only (lines 6-18). (C) Paragraph 3, only (lines 19-42). (D) Paragraph 4, only (lines 43-57). (E) Paragraphs 3 and 4 (lines 19-42 ; 43-57).

19 These domains (line 55) include all the areas below, EXCEPT one. Mark it. (A) Psychology (B) Liberal arts (C) Engineering (D) Physiology (E) Computer Science

20 The verb form in italics transmits an idea of probability in (A) you have to have onboard processing, perception, motion and power, (lines 29-30) (B) we have all the technologies which can support a consumer robot (lines 36-37) (C) multi-function personal robots will cost between $1,000 and $1,500. (lines 39-40) (D) That cooperation is vital to creating the best-designed personal robots. (lines 49-50) (E) youre not going to build a robot thats as good as one that could be built by computer scientists and mechanical engineers working together, (lines 51-54)Gabarito11 - E 12 - C



Aula 09.

13 - B 14 - A 15 - B 16 - C 17 - D 18 - A 19 - D 20 - E

Scientist invents easy solution for hard water problems

I recently moved into a new home, and I was disappointed to find thatthe water pressure was not as high as at my previous house. One of myneighbors told me the problem was hard waterthat our water supply contains lotsof minerals, like calcium and magnesium. This causes scales to build up in pipes,appliances, fixtures and even the water heater. I had heard that hard watersolutions were costly and inconvenient, so I asked him what hed done about theproblem. Thats when he told me about ClearWave, a remarkable water conditionerthat helps reduce scale building-up and helps prevent new scales from forming.

An innovative solution. ClearWave uses the latest microprocessortechnology to electronically generate inaudible waveforms. They help keep calciumcarbonate particles, or scale, dissolved in the water. The water treated byClearWave continues to dissolve the scale as it flows through the pipes. Over time,it helps solve hard water problems in the entire system, from the water heater andpipes to appliances and shower heads. This will result in a variety of benefits for youand your home. Youll find yourself using less soap and detergent, and yourappliances will operate more efficiently. ClearWave works with all types of pipe andinstalls easily with ordinary household tools.

No salt, no chemicals, no plumbing. Pure water contains nothing but H20.When it comes out of the ground, however, water is rich in a multitude of minerals,such as calcium and magnesium. In the past, there have been three basic methodsused to control the problem of hard water and scale formation. One method is toremove the minerals through ion exchange, using salt. A second method involvesadding chemicals, such as phosphates, to the water. Both of these methods changethe makeup of the water and require the homeowner to continuously replenish thesalts or chemicalsas well as performing periodic maintenance on the equipment.A third method involves using magnets and electrostatic devices to cause electricalchanges in the water that affects the scaling characteristics of the minerals. Thismethod is similar to that used by ClearWave, with an important difference. Theelectric field generated by ClearWave is continually applied to the water, while amagnetic field relies on the movement of the water to produce the changes.

ClearWave is a revolutionary new product that solves your homes hard water problems without salt, chemicals or plumbing.

(From Popular Science)

01. According to the text, hard water is the water that is full of problems caused by: a) many species of dangerous bacteria originated from a lot of garbage.b) some scientific products that are prepared in order to cultivate land for growingplants.



Aula 09.

c) the accumulation of a considerable amount of minerals in the water containers.d) insecticide accumulated in the ground and in the rivers.

02. According to the text, it is true or false to say that:(....) ClearWave uses salt to remove the minerals from water while other methodsdo not.(....) Two methods require continuous replenishment of salts or chemicals andperiodic maintenance on the equipment.(....) The water pressure was not as high as at the authors previous house becausethe water supply contains lots of minerals.(....) ClearWave does not work well to dissolve the scale while it flows inside thepipes.(....) The ClearWave is a water conditioner that helps reduce the white substancesaccumulated inside the water pipes or containers.

The correct sequence is:a) F - F - T - T - Fb) F - T - T - F - Tc) F - T - F - F - Td) T - T - F - T - F

GABARITO1 - C2 - B



Aula 10.


LNGUA INGLESA - PetrobrasProfessor: RENATO BAGGIO

Aula: 10


Aula 10.

Ingls

Adjectives

Os adjetivos so palavras que tm a funo de transformar os substantivos. Eles nopossuem plural e no possuem formas para masculino e feminino, ou seja, no variamquanto ao nmero e gnero.Os adjetivos que descrevem cor, qualidade, tamanho (ex: good; bad; big; small; blue;yellow...) ou podem ser aqueles que estabelecem restries quantidade, posse,distncia, etc. (ex: my car, few students, distant place, etc...)

Alguns adjetivos terminam em ED, portanto devemos cuidar com o contexto para queno confundamos com os verbos regulares, que so aqueles que levam ED para formaro passado. J outros terminam em ING, exigindo o mesmo cuidado para que no sejam confundidoscom formas do gerndio.

Alguns adjetivos que levam ED:aged idoso(a) ragged maltrapilho / sperobeloved amado sacred sagradoblessed abenoado wicked perverso / malignocrooked torto wretched desprezvelcursed amaldioado(a) one/three/four-legged de uma / trs/

quarto pernas.naked pelado / nu

Adjetivos que levam ING:Compare.a) This movie is boring. (Este filme chato)b) Im bored with this movie. (Eu fico entediado com este filme)No primeiro caso, o adjetivo se refere a uma mera caracterstica do substantivo. Nosegundo caso, o adjetivo expressa um sentimento de uma pessoa em relao a algo.Sempre que isso acontecer, devemos usar o adjetivo terminado em ING.

Ordem dos AdjetivosExistem muitas regras para determinar a ordem dos adjetivos e muitos gramticosdiscordam quanto ao seu uso. Veja algumas das regras mais importantes parasabermos a ordem dos adjetivos numa frase:

1) Regra Geral: Normalmente os adjetivos seguem a seguinte ordem: Colour - cor Origin - origem Material -material Purpose - propsito Noun - substantivoa blue Italian glass flower vasea brown German pottery beer mug

2) Adjetivos de tamanho, comprimento, altura ou idade geralmente so usadosantes dos adjetivos de cor, origem, material e propsito:



Aula 10.

a square wooden table. (not: wooden square table)(Uma mesa de madeira quadrada) a tall modern glass building. (um prdio de vidro alto e moderno)

3) Adjetivos de julgamento e atitude geralmente so usados antes de todos osoutros.

A silly tall guy. (um cara alto e tolo) A lovely young man. (um jovem adorvel)

4) NmerosTambm so usados antes dos demais adjetivos:

Six comfortable chairs. (seis cadeiras confortveis) The four first days. (os quatro primeiros dias)

5) Vrgulas

Usamos vrgulas quando temos uma sequncia longa de adjetivos, especialmente emdescries fsicas, para adjetivos que do o mesmo tipo de informao. Ex.: A lovely, long, cool, refreshing cocktail. * Vrgulas podem ser eliminadas antes de adjetivos comuns curtos:Ex.: a short(,) dark(,) handsome cowboy.

6) Verb To Be and Copular VerbsOs adjetivos vm depois do verbo To Be e dos chamados Copular Verbs (look, feel,smell, taste, become, remain, stay, appear, seem and sound).

Ex.: The weather is nice today. (O tempo est bom hoje)Im thirsty. (Eu estou com sede)The film was interesting. (O filme foi interessante)Hes been tired. (Ele tem estado cansado)This meat smells good. (Essa carne cheira bem)That food tastes awful. (Aquela comida est com gosto horrvel)She looks beautiful. (Ela est bonita)

EXERCISES

1. Coloque as palavras na ordem correta:a) had a She vacation fantastic ____ ____________________________________b) rock does music like - ? she _____ ____________________________________c) loves black he new car your.________________________________________

2. Use um substantivo e um adjetivo de cada quadro para completar as frases:

Adjectives Nouns



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foreign hot water - cloudssharp dark languages airfresh awful knife - accident

a) We need some ____________. Open the window, please!b) They need a ____________ to cut that meat. c) Do you speak any ____________________?d) Its going to rain. Look at those ____________ !e) Theres no ____________ in the shower.f) We saw an ____________ last year.

3. Choose the adjectives that best complete the each sentence and circle them.

a) I was disappointed / disappointing with the film. I had expected it to be better.b) Are you interesting / interested in Arts?c) The film I saw yesterday was quite exciting / excited. d) Its very embarrassed / embarrassing when you forget about an appointment youhad.e) Do you easily get embarrassed / embarrassing?f) I was amazing / amazed by the result of my test.

4. Put the adjectives in brackets in the correct position:Ex.: a beautiful table (wooden / round) a beautiful round wooden table.

a) a simple ring (gold) - b) a new jacket (nice) - c) a new jacket (green) - d) an old apartment (beautiful) - e) blue gloves (leather) - f) an Australian film (old) -

Gabarito:

1)a. She had a fantastic vacation.b. Does she like rock music?c. He loves your new black car.

2)a. fresh airb. sharp knifec. foreign languagesd. dark cloudse. hot waterf. awful accident

3)a. amazed b. interested c. exciting



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d. embarrassing e. embarrassed f. disappointed

4)a. a simple gold ringb. a nice new jacketc. a new green jacketd. an old Australian filme. blue leather glovesf. a beautiful old house

Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 52, 53 e 54

Welcome to Madrid: City of ProtestsMadrid (CNN) The people, united, will never be divided! yells the crowd, angrily waving banners and placards. To fight is the only way! Dog-walkers, mothers with strollers, and pensioners carrying shopping bags join the crowd. These people on the sidewalk are no curious neighbors. Indeed, many of them are complete strangers to the family living on the fifth floor, but they are all here to protect Rocio from eviction - being forced to leave her property by legal process. Rocio and her son, now 17 and in high school, moved from Ecuador in 2003, when times were good and jobs plentiful in Spain. But then the global financial crisis hit, bringing Spains economy down, Rocio lost her twojobs - in a shop, and as a cleaner. For a while, Rocio got by on benefits, but then those stopped too. She is an example of the crisis many Spaniards face as the country deals with the highest unemployment rate since the Civil War in the 1930s, and a recession entering its second year. I cant stand the thought of living on the streets with my son, but I have no idea where else to go, she says.Rocios story is echoed by others all over Spain. It is this fear that took many Spanish citizens to action. Many of those people who are outside the door of Rocios apartment block are supporters of Stop Desahucios (Stop Evictions), part of the Platform of PeopleAffected by Mortgages (PAH Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca), a group that campaigns to prevent banks and authorities from eviction because of the countrys economic crisis. They accuse the banks and authorities of real estate terrorism. There are also the mass marches of the 15-M movement - also known as the Indignados. Activist Dante Scherma, 24, says citizens were not used to speaking out on political issues. The 15-M movement made people talk about social issues, and about politics in normal conversations - in cafs, restaurants, bars - where before they only talked about football or fashion. Back in Vicalvaro, the moment of truth has arrived, but the crowd - now shouting at the police, insisting they have to stop forcing families to leave their properties - appears to have had an impact. Lawyers from the PAH explain that Rocio willbe able to stay - for a while, at least. For those working to stop Spains eviction epidemic,today has seen a small and temporary victory. For those demonstrating about cuts, corruption and lack of cash, the protests will go on.Adaptado de http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/20/ world/europe/madrid-city-of-protests/index.html

52 - According to the text, Rocio



Aula 10.

[A] moved to Spain when there were many jobs there. [B] was the only person affected by the crisis in Spain. [C] is getting benefits from Spains government nowadays. [D] had two jobs in Ecuador before moving to Spain. [E] has the best job in Spain nowadays.

53 - According to the text, the 15-M movement made [A] Spaniards lives lose their importance. [B] citizens in Spain more interested in social issues. [C] Spaniards talk more about football and fashion. [D] people go to cafs, restaurants and bars. [E] Spaniards accept evictions

54 - In the sentence ...insisting they have to stop forcing families to leave their properties..., the words they and their respectively refer to [A] the crowd and families. [B] the crowd and the police. [C] the police and families. [D] the families and the properties. [E] the police and the properties.Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 55 e 56.

Gabarito52 - A53 - B54 - C

Brazil wants to count trees in the Amazon rainforestBy Channtal FleischfresserFebruary 11, 2013Photo: Flickr/Nico CrisafulliBrazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon, about half of what remains of the worlds tropical rainforests. And now, the country has plans to count its trees. A vast undertaking, the new National Forest Inventory hopes to gain a broad panorama of the quality and the conditions in the forest cover, accordingto Brazils Forestry Minister Antonio Carlos Hummel. The census, set to take place over the next four years, will scour 3,288,000 square miles, sampling 20,000 points at 20 kilometer intervals and registering the number, height,diameter, and species of the trees, among other data. The initiative, aimed to better allocate resources to the countrys forests, is part of a large-scale turnaround in Brazils relationship to its forests. While it once had one of the worst rates of deforestation in the world, last year only 1,797 square miles of the Amazon were destroyed a reduction of nearly 80% compared to 2004.(www.smartplanet.com. Adaptado.)

Questo 25O Governo brasileiro



Aula 10.

(A) tentar recuperar as reas desmatadas desde 2004.(B) far fotografias panormicas da floresta para conter o desmatamento.(C) reduzir o desmatamento legal para apenas 1 797 milhas quadradas.(D) far um censo das rvores da Amaznia brasileira.(E) contar 60% das rvores da floresta amaznica.

Questo 26O programa National Forest Inventory(A) far um registro do nmero de rvores, bem como de suas caractersticas, nos pontos de amostragem.(B) abrir uma trilha na floresta, com pontos de coleta de dados a cada 20 km.(C) identificou espcies de rvores desconhecidas nas regies da Amaznia.(D) j contou mais de trs mil rvores nos ltimos quatro anos.(E) descobriu que a maioria das rvores apresenta altura e dimetrosemelhantes.

Questo 27O objetivo do Censo Florestal (A) usar os dados obtidos para criar polticas florestais na Amrica Latina.(B) obter verbas internacionais para implantar programas contra o desmatamento.(C) implantar um inventrio florestal em colaborao com pases que tm florestas tropicais.(D) conscientizar os povos da floresta sobre a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente.(E) aprimorar a dotao de recursos para as florestas brasileiras.

Questo 28No trecho do primeiro pargrafo Brazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon , a palavra roughly equivale, em portugus, a(A) evidentemente.(B) exatamente.(C) aqum.(D) alm de.(E) cerca de.

Questo 29No trecho do ltimo pargrafo aimed to better allocate resources to the countrys forests , aimed to indica(A) explicao.(B) finalidade.(C) nfase.(D) contraste.(E) consequncia.

Questo 30No trecho do ltimo pargrafo While it once had one of the worst rates of deforestation in the world, last year only 1,797 square miles of the Amazon were destroyed , a palavra once apresenta uma ideia de(A) passado.(B) condio.



Aula 10.

(C) futuro.(D) previso.(E) singularidade.

Gabarito



Aula 11.



Aula: 11


Aula 11.

InglsDegrees of Adjectives

1.1. Conceito

Normalmente aprendemos algumas coisas bsicas sobre os adjetivos em ingles: Eles so usados antes do substantivo ao qual se referem e depois do verbo To Be. Sabe-se tambm que eles no sofrem variaes quanto ao nmero e gnero. Entretanto possvel trabalharmos os graus dos adjetivos. Em ingls os adjetivos podem variar em 2 graus: Comparativo e Superlativo.

1.2. Comparative degrees:a) Equalityb) Superiorityc) Inferiority

a) Comparative of Equalityas + adjective + as

AffirmativeEx.: Jennifer Lopez is as beautiful as Angelina Jolie.

NegativeEx.: Jennifer Lopez isnt as beautiful as Angelina Jolie.Jennifer Lopez isnt so beautiful as Angelina Jolie.

b) Comparative of Inferiorityless + adjective + (than)

Ex.: The interviewee was less articulate than the reporter.

c) Comparative of Superiorityadjective + ER (than)

more + adjective (than)

Ex.: Tim is taller than his brother. Women are more emotional than men

1.3. Superlative Degree:InferioritySuperiority

a) Superlative of Inferioritythe least + adjective

Ex.: Susan was the least worried student in class.

b) Superlative of Superiority



Aula 11.

adjective + ESTthe most + adjective

Ex.: Steve is the tallest boy in his class. Studying is one of the most important things to do in life.

Adjective Comparative (ER) Superlative (EST)

TALL taller (than) the tallest

BIG bigger (than) the biggest

EASY easier (than) the easiest

COY coyer (than) the coyest

DIFFICULT more difficult (than) the most difficult

Irregular Comparative and Superlative forms

good better the best

bad worse the worst

far farther / further the farthest / furthest

TEXTO

AINT THAT SWEET!New research shows the hidden benefits of eating dark chocolate

By Sora SongGo ahead, indulge yourself a little. Medical science has just cooked up two sweet reasons to eat chocolate as long as its dark chocolate. Two small studies published last week suggest that dark chocolate may offer such benefits as lower blood pressure and higherlevels of disease-and-age-defying chemicals called antioxidants. As if you needed an excuse.Researchers have long known that cocoa beans contain a class of chemicals calledflavonoids, which are also found in fruits, vegetables, tea and red wine. Previous studies suggest that flavonoids raise levels of HDL cholesterol (the good kind) and act as potentantioxidants, protecting cells from free-radical damage, which can contribute to aging, heart disease and certain cancers.In a study published in Nature, researchers asked 12 volunteers to eat dark chocolate only, dark chocolate with a glass of milk, or milk chocolate. An hour later, the dark-chocolate-only group showed an 18% increase in blood levels of antioxidants called epicatechins. Those in the latter two groups had no such change. We suspect its the proteins in the milk that the epicatechins are binding to, so theyre not absorbed,says study co-author Alan Crozier of the University of Glasgow. There is evidence that with tea, milk does something similar. [...]

01. About the article, it might be stated that:



Aula 11.

A) it argues that any kind of chocolate is good forpeoples health.B) it suggests that people avoid dark chocolate.C) it tells people to eat less chocolate.D) it suggests that people should eat more darkchocolate.E) it offers scientific data to support people who eatall sorts of chocolate.

02. According to the information presented in the article:A) flavonoids act as potent antioxidants, raisingHDL cholesterol and free-radical levels.B) flavonoids are not only found in chocolate butalso in fruits, vegetables, tea and red wine.C) antioxidants contribute to aging, heart diseaseand certain cancers.D) among the benefits of dark chocolate are lowerblood pressure and higher levels of chemicalsthat produce aging and diseases.E) consuming chocolate with tea and milk increasesthe level of antioxidants in the blood.

03. If the title of the article, Aint that sweet! were to be changed from colloquial speech into more formal language, it would be:A) Arent those sweets!B) Wasnt that sweet!C) Isnt that sweet!D) Is that as sweet!E) Was that sweet!

04. The introductory statement Go ahead, indulge yourself a little should be understood as:A) an invitation to have as much chocolate as onewishes.B) some advice to be careful while eating chocolate.C) a promise to do something one wishes to do.D) a request to think carefully before eatingchocolate.E) permission to have some chocolate.

Take a WalkIts the perfect exercise for fighting fat as well as fatigue and stress. Heres how todo it right.Though you may not think of walking as a wonderful form of exercise, it is. Walkingpromotes cardiovascular fitness, tones up all your muscles and is a great fat burnertoo. If you walk briskly for 45 minutes a day, by the end of a year youll have lostmore than 20 pounds, without dieting! So imagine what walking does when you dodiet. Since your metabolism speeds up, weight comes off faster and tends to stayoff.


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