Textos e SIG: representaçõesliterárias do espaço urbano (Lisboa,

1854-2009)

Daniel Alves (IHC) and Ana Isabel Queiroz (IELT)

Introdução

O imaginário literário de Lisboa

A representação literária de Lisboa foiestudada com base em 35romances

publicados entre 1854 e 2009, escritospor 30 autores, incuíndo alguns dos

mais conhecidos da literatura nacional.

Definindo o “espaço literário”

• O território temporal e geograficamentereferenciado como cenário da acção ouevocado pelos personagens do romance, quepode ser encontrado no território real e comotal desenhado num mapa

Área de estudo – Lisboa (84,62 km2)

Metodologia

Espaço urbano e ‘chronotopes’: ESPAÇO

Coroa 3 – a área da cidadeque mais cresceu emtermos demográficos e urbanos desde a décadade 1960Coroa 2 –crescimentourbano e demográfico até à decada de 1950

Coroa 1 – a cidade do século XIX

Espaço urbano e ‘chronotopes’: TEMPO

• 1º período – entre 1854 e 1910 (Monarquia)

• 2º período - entre 1910 e 1926 (República)

• 3º período - entre 1926 e 1974 (Estado Novo)

• 4º período - entre 1974 e 2009 (Democracia)

Análise ao “espaço literário”

• Distribuição espacial:

– Average Nearest Neighbourhood

• Espaço e tempo:

– Chi-square

– Spearman Rank Coefficient

• Densidade e dimensão:

– Kernel point density

– Home Range

‘Espaço literário’ = Home range 95%

Resultados

Distribuição espacial

Locais:Coroa 1 = 79%Coroa 2 = 18%Coroa 3 = 3%

• Average Nearest Neighbourhood:

– Clusters na cidade do século XIX (coroa 1);

– Aleatório no resto (coroa 2 e 3).

• A literatura sobre Lisboa tende a representar o espaço urbano histórico e consolidado, ou o “espaço social” da cidade.

Distribuição espacial

Space and time (places)

N % N % N % All

1st 225 87 31 12 4 2 260

2nd 197 88 22 9,8 5 2 224

3rd 192 79 43 18 7 3 242

4th 177 66 77 29 14 5 268

Ring 1 Ring 2 Ring 3

• Although literature concentrates its imaginary in the old city between the 1st and the 3rd periods, with time, the literary space tends to expand from the city core into urbanized areas of the first half of the 20th century

Space and time (areas)

• Spearman = 0,46898 (p-value < 0.01)

• With the exception of the novels from the 3rd period, the tendency of the literary space is to embrace ever larger areas of the city

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 1 2 3 4

Are

a K

m2

Periods

Area of each novel with tendency line

Location, density and dynamics (places by period) I

1st

3rd 4th

2nd

Location, density and dynamics (places by period) II

• There is a gradual fragmentation of the literary space, and a change in its composition; the core, while located in substantially the same area, it becomes increasingly thinner

• Until the end of the 3rd period, it's the 19th century city that attract the writers attention; in the 4th period we observe the implosion of the aggregate core and other centers of lower expression become visible, now also in ring 2

• This change can result from the consolidation of urban experiences in other areas of the modern city as well as transformations regarding city's mobility

Dimension and dynamics (areas by period) I

1st

3rd 4th

2nd

Dimension and dynamics (areas by period) II

• The common literary space is very restricted in the first and third periods, seemingly expanding in the second, and essentially in the last period

• The cumulative space seems to evolve differently, apparently falling between the first and third periods, and then expanding very significantly in the last period

• The results suggest, for a period of more than 100 years, between 1852 and 1974, a literary imaginary spatially linked to the nineteenth century city

Lisbon imaginary vs. urban history I

Lisbon imaginary vs. urban history II

• The ‘literary space’ does not match the urban space and there is a time-lag for embedding it in the imagined literary scenario.

• A small core-area, correspondent to a part of the city center, persists as literary space in all the novels.

• Peripheral areas of Lisbon were absent or under-represented until 1974, although their inclusion in the city limits dates back to 1886.

Conclusions

• An integrative methodology to conciliate a subjective and an objective reading of the city space; the methodology used in this research becomes comparable and replicable using another literary corpus or other geography

• Literary spaces of each of the historical periods gain the representation of social space, with significance for the history and geography of the city

• The incorporation of dimension and time allows comparisons of the literary space of the novels, or sets of novels, between themselves and with other historical urban data

Thank you!

Presentation based on:

• Daniel Alves and Ana Isabel Queiroz, "A new approach to study urban space and literary representation using GIS: Lisbon, Portugal, 1852-2009“, Social Science History, Winter 2013 (volume 37:4) (to be published).