ATUALIZADO DE ACORDO COM A S LEIS

13.129, de 26 de maio de 2015

(Arbitragem)

13.140, de 26 de junho de 2015

(Lei da Mediao)

13.144, de 6 de julho de 2015

(Bem de famlia)

13.151, de 28 de julho de 2015

(Fundaes)

13.146, de 6 de julho de 2015

(Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficincia)

Manual de Direito

CivilVOLUME NICO

289

&DStWXOR9

)-

)$726-85',&26

$WHRULDGRVIDWRVMXUtGLFRVpDPDLVLPSRUWDQWHSDUDRHVWXGRGHWRGRR'LUHLWR&LYLOTXLoiGHWRGRVRVUDPRVGR'LUHLWR&RPHIHLWRpDWUDYpVGDRFRUUrQFLDGHIDWRVMXULGLFDPHQWHUHOHYDQ-WHVTXHR'LUHLWRVHUHDOL]DWUDQVIRUPDVHRXVHH[WLQJXH0DVQHPWRGRVRVIDWRVGDYLGDKXPDQDVmRWLGRVFRPRMXULGLFDPHQWHUHOHYDQWHV)DWRV

RFRUUHPTXHQmRLPSRUWDPSDUDR'LUHLWRSRUTXHQmRVmRFDSD]HVGHLQXHQFLDUHPQDGDDHV-IHUDMXUtGLFDGDVSHVVRDVRXGDVFRLVDV8PVLPSOHVDFRQWHFLPHQWRGRFRWLGLDQRVHPQHQKXPDPRGLFDomRUHOHYDQWHQmRVHUiTXDOLFDGRFRPRIDWRMXUtGLFR6HUmRMXUtGLFRVSRUWDQWRWRGRVRVIDWRVTXHSRVVDPWUD]HUFRQVHTXrQFLDVSDUDRPXQGRMX-

UtGLFRTXHUVHMDFULDQGRPRGLFDQGRH[WLQJXLQGRUHVJXDUGDQGRRXWUDQVPLWLQGRGLUHLWRV2VIDWRVGDYLGDTXHQmRVLUYDPDHVVHVHIHLWRVQmRVmRFODVVLFDGRVFRPRMXUtGLFRVRDFRUGDUGLDULDPHQWHRHVFRYDURVGHQWHVXPDEULVDFDOPDHWFDQmRVHUTXHDLQGDLQGLUHWDPHQWHSRVVDPVHUFRQVLGHUDGRVFDXVDGRUHVGHHIHLWRVFRPRDFULDomRDPRGLFDomRDWUDQVPLVVmRDJDUDQWLDHDH[WLQomRGHGLUHLWRV3DUDPHOKRUHQTXDGUDPHQWRGHVVDPDWpULDHQWUHRVWySLFRVMiYLVWRVUHOHPEUHPRVDVWUrV

FDWHJRULDVGLVWLQWDVGHIHQ{PHQRVHVWXGDGRVQD7HRULD*HUDOGR'LUHLWR&LYLO

Sujeitos de direito Objetos de direito Relaes jurdicas

so todas as pessoas capazes de ad-quirir direitos. Aqui tratamos de pes-soas capazes ou incapazes, porque estas podem adquirir direitos, mas, para exerc-los, devem ser represen-tadas ou assistidas, conforme o caso; fala-se tambm, nesse ponto, de pes-soas naturais ou jurdicas, porque to-das so capazes de adquirir direitos ou de transmiti-los a outrem;

so todos os bens suscetveis de apropriao e que podem ser ob-jeto de interesse pelos sujeitos de direito. Sua diviso e classificao j foi elucidada nos tpicos anteriores;

a relao jurdica o vnculo capaz de unir dois ou mais sujeitos de di-reito ou esses sujeitos com um ou mais objetos de direito. Para que surja a relao jurdica entre sujeitos ou entre sujeito e objeto, necess-ria a ocorrncia de um fato jurdico.

$UHOHYkQFLDGRHVWXGRGRVIDWRVMXUtGLFRVSRUWDQWRVXUJHQHVVHSRQWR6HPDRFRUUrQFLDGHXPIDWRFDSD]GHFULDUPRGLFDUUHVJXDUGDUWUDQVIHULURXH[WLQJXLUXPGLUHLWRQmRKDYHUiUHOD-omRMXUtGLFDDVHUGLVFLSOLQDGDSHODQRUPDOHJDO7RGDDH[LVWrQFLDGRGLUHLWRSRUWDQWRGHSHQGHGDRFRUUrQFLDGRVIDWRVMXULGLFDPHQWHUHOHYDQWHV$LQGDTXHRIDWRVHMDFDUDFWHUL]DGRSRUXPDJLUFRQWUiULRDRGLUHLWRDWRLOtFLWRVHUiTXDOL-

cado como IDWRMXUtGLFRSRUTXHGRGDQRWDPEpPVXUJHXPGLUHLWRTXDOVHMDRGHUHVVDUFLPHQWRHPIDYRUGRSUHMXGLFDGRHHPGHWULPHQWRGRRIHQVRU0HVPRHPRXWURVUDPRVGR'LUHLWRDFDWHJRULDGRIDWRMXUtGLFRHVWDUiVHPSUHSUHVHQWH1R

Direito Administrativo, por exemplo, os atos administrativos, tais como concebidos pela teoria DGPLQLVWUDWLYLVWDQDGDPDLVVmRGRTXHDWRVMXUtGLFRVHVSHFLFDPHQWHSUDWLFDGRVSHOD$GPLQLV-

290

WUDomR3~EOLFD1R'LUHLWR3URFHVVXDORVDWRVSURFHVVXDLVVmRDWRVMXUtGLFRVFDSD]HVGHLQXHQ-ciar na UHODomRMXUtGLFDSURFHVVXDO$WpQR'LUHLWR3HQDODSUiWLFDGRDWRGHOLWXRVRVHFRQJXUDFRPRIDWRMXUtGLFRSRUTXHYLQFXODRFULPLQRVRDXPDUHODomRMXUtGLFDFRPR(VWDGRRTXDOSDVVDa ser titular do chamado jus puniendiGLUHLWRGHSXQLUHPVHXGHVIDYRU$SDUWHJHUDOGR&yGLJR&LYLOGHDGRWRXQRYDQRPHQFODWXUDSDUDRVIDWRVMXUtGLFRV$

OHJLVODomRGHXWLOL]DYDGHIRUPDJHQpULFDDGHVLJQDomRDWRVMXUtGLFRV para todos os atos TXHYLVDVVHPFULDUFRQVHUYDUPRGLFDUWUDQVPLWLURXH[WLQJXLUGLUHLWRVIRVVHPHOHVQHJRFLDLVRXQmR0XLWRHPERUDDWHRULDGRVQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVMiIRVVHFRQKHFLGDQRLQtFLRGR6pFXOR;;

Pi[LPHHPIDFHGR&yGLJRDOHPmRQRVVRDQWLJR(VWDWXWRQmRWURX[HHPVXDVGHQLo}HVDGLIH-UHQFLDomRHQWUHDWRMXUtGLFRstricto sensuHRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFR

()(,726'26)$726-85',&26$$872120,$'$9217$-

'(($0,7,*$d2'292/817$5,602-85',&2

&RPRYLPRVRVIDWRVMXUtGLFRVVHFRQVWLWXHPQDPDLVLPSRUWDQWHFDWHJRULDGRGLUHLWRHQ-TXDQWRGLQkPLFDGHUHJXODomRGDVRFLHGDGH6HRQDVFLPHQWRSRUH[HPSORpXPIDWRMXUtGLFRSRGHPRVFRQFOXLUVHPGLFXOGDGHTXHVHPRVIDWRVVHTXHUVHKDYHULDGHIDODUHPVXMHLWRVGHGLUHLWRSHVVRDVQDWXUDLVRXMXUtGLFDVSRLVDVSHVVRDVQDWXUDLVQmRQDVFHULDPHDVMXUtGLFDVQmRVHULDPFULDGDVSHODVQDWXUDLV$VVLPWDPEpPRVGLUHLWRVVHPIDWRVMXUtGLFRVQmRVHFULDPGLUHLWRREMHWLYRSRUFRVWXPHV

RXSURFHVVROHJLVODWLYRQHPVXEMHWLYRSRUFRQWUDWRVRXDWRVLOtFLWRVGHQWUHRXWURV,JXDOPHQWHVHSRGHIDODUGRVEHQVMXUtGLFRVSRLVVHPRVIDWRVMXUtGLFRVQmRVHIDODULDHP

objeto de direitoMiTXHQmRWHUtDPRVDJHQWHVSDUDFRPSRUHPDVUHODo}HVMXUtGLFDVHPWRUQRGRVEHQV3DUDRQDVFLPHQWRGRVDWRVMXUtGLFRVTXHVmRFRPRYHUHPRVRVIDWRVTXHGHULYDPGDDomR

KXPDQDpQHFHVViULRTXHFRQFRUUDPFHUWRVHOHPHQWRVGHH[LVWrQFLDFRPRRDJHQWHDYRQWDGHDIRUPDHRREMHWR2VHJXQGRGHVVHVHOHPHQWRVFLWDGRVDYRQWDGHWHPVLGRDOYRGHQXPHURVRVGHEDWHVGRXWULQiULRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHGRSRQWRGHYLVWDGRREMHWLYRSULPRUGLDOGRVDWRVHQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVTXHpDJHUDomRGHVHXVHIHLWRV3RGHPRVFODVVLFDURVHIHLWRVGRVIDWRVMXUtGLFRVHPD HIHLWRV DTXLVLWLYRV RV IDWRV DWRV H QHJyFLRV MXUtGLFRV DVVLP VH TXDOLFDP SRU JHUDUHPFULDomRDTXLVLomRPRGLFDomRWUDQVPLVVmRFRQVHUYDomRHH[WLQomRGHGLUHLWRV2HIHLWRDTXLVLWLYRpDTXHOHSHORTXDODWUDYpVGRIDWRGHFRUUHHPVHJXLGDRDFUpVFLPRGHXPEHPRXGLUHLWRDRSDWULP{QLRGRDJHQWHFRPRQDWUDGLomRQDWUDQVFULomRGRWtWXORDTXLVLWLYRQRUHJLVWURGHLPyYHLVQDUHXQLmRGRVUHTXLVLWRVSDUDDXVXFDSLmRQDDEHUWXUDGDVXFHVVmRHWF'L]VHSDUDHIHLWRVGLGiWLFRVTXHDDTXLVLomRGHGLUHLWRVSRGHVHU

D RULJLQiULDRXGHULYDGDRULJLQiULDpDDTXLVLomRGHEHQVRXGLUHLWRVVHPUHODomRMXUtGLFDFRPDOJXPHYHQWXDOWLWXODUDQWHULRU$VVLPQDFDoDHSHVFDSRUH[HPSORDGTXLUHPVHEHQVVHPUHODomRMXUtGLFDFRPWLWXODUDQWHULRU3RUDTXLVLomRRULJLQiULDSRGHPRVIDODUWDPEpPem FULDomRGHGLUHLWRVMiTXHGHWHUPLQDGRVFDVRVFRPRQRGRH[HPSORFLWDGRH[LVWLDPRVREMHWRVEHQVPDVVREUHHOHVQmRH[LVWLDPGLUHLWRVTXHIRUDPFULDGRVDSDUWLUGRIDWRMXUtGLFRDDTXLVLomRGHULYDGDSRUVXDYH]GHFRUUHGHUHODomRMXUtGLFDFRPRWLWXODUDQWHULRU

291

D JUDWXLWDRXRQHURVDJUDWXLWDpDDTXLVLomRGHGLUHLWRVHPQHFHVVLGDGHGHVDFULItFLRGDFRQ-WUDSDUWHSDUDID]HUMXVjVXDDWULEXLomRRQHURVDDTXHODHPTXHVHH[LJHVDFULItFLRFRUUHV-SRQGHQWHSRUTXHPDGTXLUHRGLUHLWR

D DWtWXORXQLYHUVDORXVLQJXODUDTXLVLomRDWtWXORXQLYHUVDOpDTXHODHPTXHRDGTXLUHQWHUH-cebe um patrimnioVHMDQDLQWHJUDOLGDGHRXXPDFRWDSDUWHGHOHFRPRQRFDVRGDVXFHVVmRcausa mortisSRUH[HPSORVLQJXODUpDDTXLVLomRGHFHUWRVHGHWHUPLQDGRVEHQVRXGLUHLWRV

D VLPSOHVRXFRPSOH[DDDTXLVLomRVLPSOHVpDTXHGHSHQGHGHXP~QLFRIDWRHDFRPSOH[DpDTXHGHPDQGDYiULRVIDWRVVHMDPHOHVVXFHVVLYRVRXVLPXOWkQHRV

D LPHGLDWDHYHQWXDORXDWHUPRLPHGLDWDpDDTXLVLomRGHGLUHLWRVTXHGHFRUUHLPHGLDWDPHQ-WHGRIDWRSDUDDTXDOVHGHVWLQDDWHUPRpDDTXLVLomRHPTXHRDJHQWHSDVVDDVHUWLWXODUGRGLUHLWRGHIRUPDLPHGLDWDQRHQWDQWRVySRGHH[HUFrORDSyVRDGYHQWRGHXPWHUPRRXGDWDSUH[DGDSHORVDJHQWHVSRUPDDTXLVLomRHYHQWXDOVHGiTXDQGRRVDJHQWHVFRQGLFLRQDPDDTXLVLomRGREHPRXGLUHLWRDXPHYHQWRIXWXURHLQFHUWRFRQGLomR

E HIHLWRVPRGLFDWLYRVRVIDWRVMXUtGLFRVQmRVHUYHPDSHQDVSDUDFULDUHGHWHUPLQDUDDTXLVL-omRGHGLUHLWRVPDVWDPEpPSDUDTXHHVVHVVHMDPPRGLFDGRV$VVLPSRUH[HPSORHPXPGHWHUPLQDGRFRQWUDWRSRGHPDVSDUWHVDOWHUDURVHXFRQWH~GRDWUDYpVGHXPDWRVXEVWLWXWLYRFRPRQDWUDQVDomRHQDGDomRHPSDJDPHQWRSRUH[HPSOR(VVDPRGLFDomRSRGHVHUsub-jetivaVHIRUHPVXEVWLWXtGRVRVsujeitos de direitoFRPSRQHQWHVGDUHODomRMXUtGLFDSDUWHVou objetivaFDVRVHMDPVXEVWLWXtGRVRREMHWRRXDTXDOLGDGHGDSUHVWDomR

F HIHLWRVWUDQVODWLYRVRVHIHLWRVWUDQVODWLYRVVmRDTXHOHVTXHGHULYDPGDSRWHQFLDOLGDGHTXHWHPRIDWRMXUtGLFRGHWUDQVPLWLUEHQVRXGLUHLWRVGHXPDSHVVRDSDUDRXWUD$WUDGLomRSRUH[HPSORJXDUGDRHIHLWRGHWUDQVPLWLUDSURSULHGDGHGRDOLHQDQWHSDUDRDGTXLUHQWH

G HIHLWRVFRQVHUYDWLYRVHVVHVVmRRVHIHLWRVSHORVTXDLVDSUiWLFDGHGHWHUPLQDGRVDWRVYLVDresguardarREHPRXGLUHLWRGDDomRGHOHWpULDGRWHPSRRXGHWHUFHLURV$VVLPSRUH[HP-SORVmRDWRVGHFRQVHUYDomR (d1)RVDWRVGHGHIHVDGRVGLUHLWRVDWUDYpVGRDMXL]DPHQWRGHDo}HVGHFRQKHFLPHQWRHGHH[HFXomRQmRVySDUDHYLWDUDSUHVFULomRHDGHFDGrQFLDPDVSDUDHIHWLYDUDWXWHODGRLQWHUHVVH (d2)DVDo}HVHPHGLGDVFDXWHODUHVSDUDTXHVHJDUDQWDRUHVXOWDGRSUiWLFRHIHWLYRGRSURFHVVRGHFRQKHFLPHQWRRXH[HFXomRGDWRVGHJDUDQWLDGRGLUHLWRFRPRDVFOiXVXODVDFHVVyULDVTXHHVWDEHOHFHPDVJDUDQWLDVUHDLVRXSHVVRDLVGDVDWLVIDomRGRFUpGLWRGHTXHVmRH[HPSORDKLSRWHFDRSHQKRUDVPXOWDVPRUDWyULDHFRP-SHQVDWyULDDVDUUDVDDQoDRDYDOHWF (d4)DWRVGHDXWRGHIHVDTXHSRGHPVHUYLVXDOL]DGRVQDVH[FHo}HVDGPLWLGDVSHODOHLjSURLELomRGRH[HUFtFLRDUELWUiULRGDVSUySULDVUD]}HVFRPRQRGHVIRUoRLPHGLDWRSDUDGHIHVDGDSRVVHHQDDXWRUL]DomROHJDOSDUDTXHRFUHGRUGHREUL-JDomRGHQmRID]HUGHVIDoDRDWRSUDWLFDGRSHORGHYHGRUHPFDVRGHXUJrQFLD&&DUWSDUiJUDIR~QLFRHYLWDQGRDVVLPRSHUHFLPHQWRGRREMHWRRXGRSUySULRGLUHLWR

e) efeitos extintivosHVWHVVmRRPGDUHODomRMXUtGLFD'HWHUPLQDGRVIDWRVWrPSRUQDOLGDGHH[WLQJXLURGLUHLWRRXDREULJDomRGRDJHQWHFRPRDWUDQVIHUrQFLDGDSURSULHGDGHHPTXHVHH[WLQJXHRGRPtQLRGRWUDQVIHUHQWHRDEDQGRQRRSDJDPHQWRTXHH[WLQJXHRGLUHLWRGRFUHGRUDFRQGLomRUHVROXWLYDDSUHVFULomRDGHFDGrQFLDRSHUHFLPHQWRGRREMHWRHTXDO-TXHURXWURIDWRTXHDFDUUHWHRIDOHFLPHQWRGRGLUHLWR(OXFLGDGRVRVHIHLWRVGRV IDWRV MXUtGLFRVSRGHPRVREVHUYDUGHSURQWRTXHDOJXQVGHOHV

QHPWRGRVpERPDOHUWDUGHVGHORJRH[LJHPHPPDLRURXPHQRUH[WHQVmRRFRQFXUVRGDYRQ-WDGH

292

9HMDVHTXHQDYRQWDGHUHVLGHXPGRVSRQWRVGHPDLRUGHVWDTXHGRGLUHLWRQRPXQGRPR-GHUQR9DOHOHPEUDUDLQGDTXHGHIRUPDEDVWDQWHVLQWpWLFDTXHVRPHQWHDSDUWLUGD5HYROXomR)UDQFHVDpTXHDKLVWyULDGRPXQGRRFLGHQWDOSDVVRXDFRQFHEHUDOLEHUGDGHHDYRQWDGHFRPRSUHGLFDGRVGHWRGRVRVFLGDGmRVVHPH[FHomR

A vontadeQRHQWDQWROHYDGDjV~OWLPDVFRQVHTXrQFLDVQDVSULPHLUDVOHJLVODo}HVOLEHUDLVGHTXHpH[HPSORPi[LPRR&yGLJR&LYLOIUDQFrVGH&yGLJRGH1DSROHmRSRGHHQFDPL-QKDURRUGHQDPHQWRMXUtGLFRDXPDUHDOLGDGHGHGLVWRUo}HVHIDOKDVQDPLVVmRPi[LPDGRGLUHLWRTXHpDGDSDFLFDomRGDVRFLHGDGH&RPHIHLWRPXLWRVHGLVFXWLXLQFOXVLYHVHDYRQWDGHHUDGHIDWRHOHPHQWRYHUGDGHLUDPHQWH

FULDGRUGHHIHLWRVMXUtGLFRVMiTXHGHTXDOTXHUIRUPDDYRQWDGHQmRVHULDFDSD]GHDJUHJDUDQHQKXPIDWRRHIHLWRMXUtGLFRVHHVWHQmRIRVVHSUHYLVWRRXQmRSURLELGRSHODOHL&DLR0iULRGD6LOYD3HUHLUDSURFODPDFRPDFHUWRD IUDJLOLGDGHGHVVDGLVFXVVmR MiTXH

SRURXWURODGRDOHLWDPEpPVHPRFRQFXUVRGDYRQWDGHQmRVHULDHOHPHQWRVXFLHQWHSDUDDJHUDomRGHHIHLWRVPi[LPHQRHVWDGRGHPRFUiWLFRGHGLUHLWRVHPTXHHPERUDVHFRQYLYDFRPRPDQGDPHQWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGDOHJDOLGDGH&)DUW,,VHJXQGRRTXDOQLQJXpPVHUiREULJDGRDID]HUGHL[DUGHID]HUQDGDVHQmRHPYLUWXGHGHOHLWHPVHSRURXWURODGRFRPRIXQGDPHQWRGD5HS~EOLFD&)DUW,9RSRVWXODGRGDlivre iniciativa

Como se v, o YROXQWDULVPRMXUtGLFR pPRODSURSXOVRUDGRGLUHLWRGDTXDOQmRVHSRGHDIDVWDUHFXMDSUHVHQoDQRVHVWDGRVGHPRFUiWLFRVpLQHJiYHO'DtVHIDODSRUWDQWRHPDXWRQRPLDGDYRQWDGHSHODTXDOpDYRQWDGHGRDJHQWHTXHGH-

WHUPLQDDVXDSUHUURJDWLYDGHYLQFXODUVHRXQmRDXPGLUHLWRRXGHYHUIDODVHWDPEpPHPauto-QRPLDSULYDGDSHODTXDODOpPGHRFLGDGmRHVFROKHUOLYUHPHQWHVHVHREULJDRXQmRSRGHUiHOHGHWHUPLQDURFRQWH~GRGDREULJDomReDYRQWDGHSRUWDQWRHPERUDHVTXHFLGDFRPRHOHPHQWRHVVHQFLDOGRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRQR

DUWGR&yGLJR&LYLORPRWRUGRFKDPDGRFRPpUFLRMXUtGLFRpDFRQGLomRsine qua non para TXHRFLGDGmRVDLDGDDPSODHLUUHVWULWDOLEHUGDGHSDUDVHYLQFXODUDXPDREULJDomRSHUGHQGRFRPLVVRSDUFHODGHVVDQDWXUH]DOLYUHSRLVDSDUWLUGDtDVVXPLUiRFRPSURPLVVRGHFXPSULUEHPHHOPHQWHDTXLORDTXHFRQWUDWRX(VVHSUHFHLWRQDYHUGDGHMiHVWiSUHVHQWHGHVGHR'LUHLWR5RPDQRTXDQGRVHIRUPXORXD

Pi[LPDpacta sunt servandaSHODTXDORLQGLYtGXRXPDYH]REULJDGRGHYHGDUFXPSULPHQWRjVXDREULJDomR5HSHWLQGRQRHQWDQWRRTXHMiVHGLVVHVHOHYDGDjV~OWLPDVFRQVHTXrQFLDVVHPXPVLVWHPDGHIUHLRVHFRQWUDSHVRVDDXWRQRPLDGDYRQWDGHSRGHGHVDJXDUHPXPVLVWHPDMXUtGLFRUHFKHDGRGHIDOKDVHLQMXVWLoDV%DVWDLPDJLQDUDVLWXDomRLPHGLDWDPHQWHGHFRUUHQWHGDFKDPDGD5HYROXomR,QGXVWULDO, em

TXH VHQRWLFLDTXHQD5~VVLD F]DULVWD RXSUpEROFKHYLVWD D OLEHUGDGHGH FRQWUDWDU DFDUUHWDYDYHUGDGHLURVDEVXUGRVFRPRDFRQWUDWDomRGHRSHUiULRVSDUDMRUQDGDVGHWUDEDOKRGHVXPDQDVGHGR]HTXDWRU]HRXDWpPHVPRGH]HVVHLVRXGH]RLWRKRUDVGLiULDVMiTXHVHPXPVLVWHPDGHIUHLRVHFRQWUDSHVRVRWUDEDOKDGRUFDYDjPHUFrGDTXHOHVTXHGLVSRQLELOL]DYDPDVRIHUWDVGHWUDEDOKRVRESHQDGHVHPHPSUHJRQmRREWHUFRQGLo}HVGHVXEVLVWrQFLD3RULVVRDVOHJLVODo}HVPRGHUQDVFRQWrPYiULRVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHPLWLJDomRGDDXWRQRPLD

GDYRQWDGHHGDDXWRQRPLDSULYDGDGHIRUPDTXHHPERUDDYRQWDGHFRQWLQXHDVHUHPUHJUDHOHPHQWRSULPRUGLDOSDUDDSUiWLFDGRVDWRVMXUtGLFRVVREUHWXGRGRVQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVH[LVWHPOLPLWHVOHJDLVHVRFLDLVSDUDDVXDPDQLIHVWDomRRXGHFODUDomRQDYLGDSUiWLFDFRPRDERDIpRE-MHWLYDDIXQomRVRFLDOGRFRQWUDWRDSURWHomRGRVKLSRVVXFLHQWHVFRQVXPLGRUHVLQTXLOLQRVHWFHRXWURVWDQWRVH[HPSORVTXHVHUYHPSDUDUHIUHDUDDPELomRGRVHUKXPDQRHPFRQVHJXLUOXFURGHVPHGLGRjFXVWDPXLWDVYH]HVGDGLJQLGDGHGRSUy[LPR

293

3RGHVHGL]HUSRUWDQWRTXHRYROXQWDULVPRMXUtGLFRDLQGDKRMHXPDUHJUDHQFRQWUDVHPL-WLJDGRGHIRUPDTXHDVSDUWHVSRGHPOLYUHPHQWHFRQWUDWDUHGHWHUPLQDURFRQWH~GRGRQHJyFLRQRHQWDQWRGHYHPUHVSHLWRDRVOLPLWHVLPSRVWRVHP~OWLPDDQiOLVHSHORSULQFtSLRGDGLJQLGDGHGDSHVVRDKXPDQD&)DUW,,,TXHRULHQWDIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHLQVWLWXWRVFRPRDERDIpDIXQomRVRFLDOGDSURSULHGDGHHGRFRQWUDWRDSURWHomRGRVKLSRVVXFLHQWHVHSRUTXHQmRGL]HUDSUySULDLVRQRPLDPDWHULDOFRQVXEVWDQFLDGDQDPi[LPDtratar igualmente aos iguais e desigualmente aos desiguais na medida das suas desigualdades)HLWRVHVVHVHVFODUHFLPHQWRVDEVROXWDPHQWHQHFHVViULRVSRGHPRVDYHULJXDUDVGLYHUVDV

HVSpFLHVGHIDWRVMXUtGLFRV

(63e&,(6'()$726-85',&26

2QRYR&yGLJRSDVVRXDXWLOL]DUHPVHX7tWXOR,GR/LYUR,,,GD3DUWH*HUDOHVSHFLDOPHQWHQRDUWDH[SUHVVmRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFR3DUDHQWHQGHUDVGLIHUHQoDVH[LVWHQWHVHQWUHRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRHRDWRMXUtGLFRstricto sensu,

GHYHPRVUHOHPEUDUDVGLYHUVDVFDWHJRULDVGHIDWRVMXUtGLFRV

)DWRVMXUtGLFRVQDWXUDLVRXHPVHQWLGRHVWULWR

6mRIDWRVMXUtGLFRVHPVHQWLGRHVWULWRRXQDWXUDLVDTXHOHVFDSD]HVGHJHUDUHIHLWRVMXUtGLFRVFRPRFULDUPRGLFDUUHVJXDUGDUWUDQVIHULURXH[WLQJXLUGLUHLWRVVHPRFRQFXUVRGDDomRKXPDQD)DWRVFRPRDPRUWHQDWXUDOGHXPDSHVVRDXPDWHPSHVWDGHTXHDUUDVDXPDSODQWDomRHPSH-

QKDGDRDWDTXHGHXPDQLPDOVHOYDJHPRHVWRXURGHXPUHEDQKRYHQGLGRHDLQGDQmRHQWUHJXHSRUH[HPSORVmRFDSD]HVGHFULDURXDOWHUDUGLUHLWRVLQXHQFLDQGRGLUHWDPHQWHHPUHODo}HVMXUtGLFDVHVWDEHOHFLGDVHQWUHWDQWRQmRGHPDQGDPDQHFHVVLGDGHGHDWLYLGDGHKXPDQDSDUDTXHRFRUUDPeLPSRUWDQWHFRQKHFHUDQRomRGHIDWRMXUtGLFRQDWXUDOHVXDGLIHUHQFLDomRSDUDRVDWRVMXUt-

GLFRVSRUTXHDGHSHQGHUGDVLWXDomRHVWDUHPRVGLDQWHGHKLSyWHVHGHcaso fortuito ou de fora maiorTXHH[FOXHPDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHFLYLOSHORDWRGDQRVR

$WRVMXUtGLFRV

2DWRMXUtGLFRSRUVXDYH]pRIDWRMXUtGLFRODWRVHQVXTXHSDUDRFRUUHUGHSHQGHGDDomRKXPDQDSDUDJHUDURVHIHLWRVGHFULDUH[WLQJXLUFRQVHUYDUWUDQVPLWLURXPRGLFDUGLUHLWRV'LIHUHQWHPHQWHGRIDWRMXUtGLFRQDWXUDOTXHRFRUUHVHPDLQWHUIHUrQFLDGDDomRKXPDQDR

DWRMXUtGLFRlato sensu GHPDQGDDDomRYROXQWiULDGRKRPHPSDUDVHPDWHULDOL]DU,PSRUWDQWHHOXFLGDUQHVWHSRQWRTXHDo}HVQmRKXPDQDVGHDQLPDLVRXGHVHUHVLQDQLPDGRV

HQFRQWUDGRVQDQDWXUH]DHPUHJUDQmRVHUmRFRQVLGHUDGRVatosMXUtGLFRVDQmRVHUTXHGHULYHPGHDWRKXPDQRDQWHULRUTXHDHOHVHOLJDSRUQH[RGHFDXVDOLGDGHHVHPRTXDOQmRWHULDRFRUULGR&RPRH[HPSORVSRGHPRVFLWDURDWDTXHGHXPFmREUDYLRVHUiPHURIDWRMXUtGLFRQDWXUDO

TXDQGRGHULYHGHDWLWXGHHVSRQWkQHDGRDQLPDOPDVVHUiato MXUtGLFRTXDQGRGHFRUUHUGHRUGHPGHVHXGRQR$GLVWLQomRpLPSRUWDQWHSRUTXHGHTXDOTXHUIRUPDRdono ou detentor do animal UHVSRQGHSHORVSUHMXt]RVTXHHOHFDXVDU DUWQRHQWDQWRHPVH WUDWDQGRGHDWR MXUtGLFRWHPVHFDVRQmRGHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSHORIDWRGDFRLVDDWRGRDQLPDOPDVVLPGHDWRLOtFLWRGLUHWRFDXVDGRSHODSHVVRDRTXHSRGHDJUDYDUDVXDVLWXDomRQRPRPHQWRGD[DomRGRGDQRsobretudo do dano moral2PHVPRVHGLJDGRH[HPSORGRHVWRXURGHXPDUHSUHVDSRUIRUoDQDWXUDOIDWRMXUtGLFRQDWXUDOHGHVHXWUDQVERUGDPHQWRSRUDWRKXPDQRDWRMXUtGLFR

294

O DWRMXUtGLFR lato sensuSRUVXDYH]FRPSRUWDFODVVLFDo}HV'HQWUHHODVDTXHPDLVLPSRUWDSDUDRGLUHLWRpDVXDSDUWLomRHPDWRVMXUtGLFRVQmRQHJRFLDLVHDWRVMXUtGLFRVQHJRFLDLV

3.2.1. Atos jurdicos stricto sensu ou no negociais6mRDWRVTXHHPERUDGHFRUUHQWHVGDDomRHGDYRQWDGHKXPDQDVQmRVmRFRPHWLGRVSUHFL-

SXDPHQWHFRPDQDOLGDGHGHUHDOL]DURHIHLWRSUHYLVWRQDQRUPDSDUDRUHVSHFWLYRDWR(TXLYDOHDGL]HUTXHDSHVVRDWHPDYRQWDGHGLULJLGDVRPHQWHjSUiWLFDGRDWRPDVQmRDRVHXHIHLWR, TXHGHFRUUHDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHGRVGLWDPHVGDOHL1mRH[LJHDOHLQDSUiWLFDGHDWRVMXUtGLFRVstricto sensu, a GHFODUDomRGHYRQWDGHSDUDDJHUDomRGHVHXVHIHLWRV3RGHPRVH[HPSOLFDURVDWRVMXUtGLFRVstricto sensuHPYiULRVDWRVGDYLGDFRPXPFRPR

DFHLWDomRGHKHUDQoD[DomRHWUDQVIHUrQFLDGHGRPLFtOLRUHFHELPHQWRGHFLWDomRRFXSDomRDFKD-GRGHWHVRXURHVSHFLFDomRSDJDPHQWRLQGHYLGRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHOKRIRUDGRFDVDPHQWRHWF3DUDDFHLWDUXPDKHUDQoDSRUH[HPSOREDVWDDYRQWDGHGHTXHUHUSUDWLFDUHVVHDWRHQWUHWDQ-

WRXPDYH]DFHLWDDKHUDQoDRVHIHLWRVMXUtGLFRVGHODGHFRUUHQWHVDVVXQomRGRV{QXVGHL[DGRVSHORIDOHFLGRLQGHSHQGHPGDYRQWDGHGHFODUDGDSHORKHUGHLURQRPRPHQWRGDDFHLWDomR2PHVPR RFRUUH SRU H[HPSOR FRP R UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GH OKR IRUD GR FDVDPHQWR QmR

H[LVWHPDUJHPGHQHJRFLDomRSDUDDRFRUUrQFLDGRVHIHLWRVMXUtGLFRVGRDWR8PDYH]DVVXPLGDDSDWHUQLGDGHGHFRUUHPDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHWRGRVRVHIHLWRVSUHYLVWRVSHODOHLFRPRDREULJDomRDOLPHQWDURGLUHLWRjOHJtWLPDHWF2VDWRVMXUtGLFRVstricto sensuHVWmRSUHYLVWRVQRQRYR&yGLJR&LYLOVREDUXEULFDGHatos

MXUtGLFRVOtFLWRVQRDUWTXHSUHYrin verbisTXHDRVDWRVMXUtGLFRVOtFLWRVTXHQmRVHMDPQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVDSOLFDPVHQRTXHFRXEHUDVGLVSRVLo}HVGR7tWXORDQWHULRU2EVHUYHVHSRUWDQWRTXHDRGLVFLSOLQDUTXHRVDWRVMXUtGLFRVQmRQHJRFLDLVVXEPHWHUVHmR

jVUHJUDVGRVQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVno que couberROHJLVODGRULPS}HLPSRUWDQWHQRUPDGHLQWHJUD-omRSRLVDGPLWHTXHSDUDFHUWRVHIHLWRVMXUtGLFRVQmRpSRVVtYHODSOLFDUVHGHWHUPLQDGDVQRUPDVGHVWLQDGDVH[FOXVLYDPHQWHDRVQHJyFLRV,VWRVHGHYHMXVWDPHQWHDRIDWRGHTXHQRVDWRVMXUtGLFRVQmRQHJRFLDLVDYRQWDGHpGLULJLGD

VRPHQWHjVXDSUiWLFDVXUJLQGRRVHIHLWRVLQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWHGRTXHUHUGRDJHQWH$VVLPSRUH[HPSORp LQFRPSDWtYHOFRPDQDWXUH]DGRVDWRVQmRQHJRFLDLVD LPSRVLomRGHHOHPHQWRVGHHFiFLDFRPRQRFDVRGRVWHUPRVHFRQGLo}HV)LJXUHVHHQWmRDDFHLWDomRRXUHQ~QFLDGDKHUDQoDQmRSRGHRKHUGHLURGL]HUTXHDFHLWD

RXUHQXQFLDjKHUDQoDHPSDUWHRXVRPHQWHDSDUWLUGHGHWHUPLQDGRGLD9HMDVHDUHVSHLWRRFRQWH~GRGRDUWcaputGR&yGLJR&LYLO1mRVHSRGHDFHLWDURXUHQXQFLDUDKHUDQoDHPSDUWHVREFRQGLomRRXDWHUPR,PDJLQHVHWDPEpPRFDVRGRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHOKRQmRSRGHRSDLTXHRUHFRQKHFH

LPSRUDHFiFLDGRDWRDXPWHUPRLQLFLDOH[1HVWRUSDVVDDVHUPHXOKRGH&DVWRUDSDUWLUGRGLDGHPDLRRXFRQGLomRH[5HFRQKHoR1HVWRUFRPRPHXOKRVRPHQWHVHHXQmRWLYHUPDLVOKRVSRLVWDOGLVSRVLomRRIHQGHIURQWDOPHQWHDQDWXUH]DMXUtGLFDGRDWR$UHVSHLWRVmRFODURVRVWHUPRVGRVDUWVHGR&yGLJR&LYLO

Art. 1.610 Art. 1.613

O reconhecimento no pode ser revogado, nem mes-mo quando feito em testamento.

So ineficazes a condio e o termo apostos ao ato de reconhecimento do filho.

295

3.2.1.1. Atos-fatos jurdicos3DUFHODFRQVLGHUiYHOGDGRXWULQDLQGLFDDFDWHJRULDGRVDWRVIDWRVMXUtGLFRVFRPRHVSpFLHV

DXW{QRPDVGHIDWRVMXUtGLFRV(PYHUGDGHpWmRWrQXHDVXDGLVWLQomRFRPRVDWRVMXUtGLFRVstricto sensu TXHSUHIHULPRVDERUGDORVFRPRVXEHVSpFLHVGHVWHV&RPRSXGHPRVREVHUYDUQRDWRMXUtGLFRQmRQHJRFLDORDJHQWHRUHDOL]DVHPSUHSHODDomR

KXPDQDH HPGHFRUUrQFLDGH VXDYRQWDGH HQWUHWDQWRRV HIHLWRV MXUtGLFRVGDtGHFRUUHQWHVQmRGHSHQGHPGHVVDYRQWDGHMiTXHGHULYDPGLUHWDPHQWHGDOHL-iQRDWRIDWRMXUtGLFRWHPRVDWRMX-UtGLFRQRVHQWLGRGHTXHDVXDRFRUUrQFLDGHSHQGHGHDomRKXPDQDQRHQWDQWRQmRpQHFHVViULDDYRQWDGHSDUDDVXDSUiWLFDRXHVVHHOHPHQWRYROLWLYRpLUUHOHYDQWH'HVVDIRUPDVHXPLQGLYtGXRDEVROXWDPHQWHLQFDSD]SRUH[HPSORSUDWLFDUVR]LQKRDOJXP

DWRIDWRMXUtGLFRHVWHVHUiHPUHJUDYiOLGRHSURGX]LUiWRGRVRVHIHLWRVTXHGHYHULDSURGX]LU&ODVVLFDPVHRVDWRVIDWRVMXUtGLFRVHPa) atos reaisSHORVTXDLVVHDGTXLUHPEHQVSHODDomRGHDJHQWHLQFDSD]2H[HPSORWtSLFRpRGDFRPSUDGHGRFHSHODFULDQoDQRTXDOQmRVHQHJDDFULDomRGHHIHLWRVFRPRDWUDQVODomRGDSURSULHGDGHGHFRUUHQWHGDWUDGLomRVXEVHTXHQWHQRHQWDQWRVHGHVFRQVLGHUDDYRQWDGHGRDJHQWHMiTXHQRFDVRHVVDYRQWDGHQmRpUHFRQKHFLGDSHORGLUHLWR$OJXQVGRV H[HPSORVXWLOL]DGRVDQWHULRUPHQWH FRPRDWRV MXUtGLFRV stricto sensu WDPEpP

SRGHULDPJXUDUQHVWDFDWHJRULD$VVLPVHXPPHQRUGHDQRVSHVFDXPSHL[Hres nulliusHPXPULRWRUQDVHGRQRGRSHL[HHIHLWRMXUtGLFRSURGX]LGRSHORDWRGDPHVPDIRUPDVHHQFRQ-WUDXPWHVRXUR3HVVRDHQIHUPDVHPRQHFHVViULRGLVFHUQLPHQWRSDUDDSUiWLFDGRVDWRVGDYLGDFLYLOMiLQWHUGLWDGDTXHVHHQFRQWUDLQWHUQDGDHPLQVWLWXLomRSUySULDSDUDVHXVFXLGDGRVYHPDXWLOL]DUWHODWLQWDHSLQFpLVHSLQWDXPTXDGURHVSHFLFDomRDRPHQRVHPWHVHVHWRUQDUiGRQDGRTXDGURE DWRVLQGHQL]DWLYRVFDWHJRULDQDTXDORDJHQWHSUDWLFDDWROtFLWRPDVPHVPRDVVLPVRIUHR HIHLWRGH VHYHUREULJDGRD LQGHQL]DU WHUFHLURRIHQGLGR FRPRVHREVHUYDGRHVWDGRGHQHFHVVLGDGHDUWHSRUTXHQmRGL]HUGDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHREMHWLYDSUySULDRXSXUDQDTXDORFLGDGmRDLQGDTXHQmRSUDWLTXHDWRLOtFLWRpREULJDGRDLQGHQL]DU9HMDVHRFDVRGRSROXLGRUDLQGDTXHDVXDDWLYLGDGHHFRQ{PLFDVHMDOtFLWDHDXWRUL]DGDSHORSRGHUS~EOLFRFDUiUHVSRQViYHOSHODLQGHQL]DomRGRVGDQRVFDXVDGRVDRPHLRDPELHQWHSHODSROXLomR/HLDUW

F DWRV FDGXFLFDQWHV TXH VmR DTXHOHV HPTXH LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GD YRQWDGH GR DJHQWHRSHUDVHHIHLWRH[WLQWLYRGHGLUHLWRFRPRQDSUHVFULomRHGHFDGrQFLDQRkPELWRPDWHULDOHQDSUHFOXVmRQRkPELWRSURFHVVXDO7DPEpPDTXLSRGHPRVLGHQWLFDUIDWRVFRPRRGDSHUGDGDSUHIHUrQFLDQDFRPSUDHYHQGDVHRWLWXODUGRGLUHLWRGHSUHHPSomRQmRSDJDURPHVPRSUHoRRIHUHFLGRSRUWHUFHLUR&&DUW$OpPGRVH[HPSORVDFLPDFLWDGRVFRPRDRFXSDomRDSURSULDomRGHFRLVDVHPGRQRHD

SLQWXUDGHXPTXDGURSRUSHVVRDGHPHQWHRSHUDQGRDHVSHFLFDomRHPVHXIDYRUFRVWXPDVHFLWDUWDPEpPRGRGHVIRUoRincontinenti SDUDDGHIHVDGDSRVVHHPWRGRVHVVHVFDVRVRDWRpKXPDQRHSURGX]HIHLWRVMXUtGLFRVQRHQWDQWRQmRGHSHQGHPGDYRQWDGHSDUDVHUHPSUDWLFDGRVPXLWRHPERUDHVWDSRVVDHVWDUSUHVHQWHQRFDVRFRQFUHWR&RPRVHYrWUDWDPVHGHFDVRVTXHGHIDWRWUDGX]HPDKLSyWHVHGHDWRVMXUtGLFRVOtFLWRV

&&DUWDFLPDUHIHULGRQRHQWDQWRSRGHPVHUYLVWRVFRPRVXEHVSpFLHVGRVDWRVMXUtGLFRVstricto sensu.

296

5HVXPLQGR RV DWRV MXUtGLFRV stricto sensu VmR DTXHOHV HP TXH VH H[LJH DomR KXPDQD HYRQWDGHQRHQWDQWRRVHIHLWRVMXUtGLFRVGDVXDSUiWLFDQmRGHULYDPGDYRQWDGHPDVGDOHLRVDWRVIDWRVMXUtGLFRVSRUVXDYH]VmRVXEHVSpFLHVGHDWRVMXUtGLFRVHPVHQWLGRHVWULWRQDTXDODYRQWDGHSRGHHVWDUSUHVHQWHPDVQmRpH[LJLGDRXpLUUHOHYDQWH3RULVVRUHSLVDPRVQRVVDSRVLomRGHTXHVHWUDWDDTXLGHVXEHVSpFLHGHDWRMXUtGLFRstricto

sensu(PFRQWUiULRVHQVRFLWDPRVDVSRVLo}HVGH6WRO]HH*DJOLDQRH)DULDVH5RVHQYDOG9H-QRVDSRUVXDYH]UHOHJDDFDWHJRULDDVHJXQGRSODQRHQTXDQWR2UODQGR*RPHVH&DLR0iULRGD6LOYD3HUHLUDQmRDDERUGDP

3.2.2. Atos jurdicos negociais ou negcios jurdicos1HJyFLRMXUtGLFRSRUWDQWRpRDWRFXMDSUiWLFDHHIHLWRVVmRGHULYDGRVGDYRQWDGHKXPDQD

4XHUGL]HUTXHSDUDTXHGHWHUPLQDGDSHVVRDSRVVDDOLHQDUXPDFRLVDSRUH[HPSORHODGHYHWHUDYRQWDGHOLYUHHFRQVFLHQWHQmRVyGHSUDWLFDUDYHQGDPDVWDPEpPGHJHUDURVVHXVHIHLWRVRXVHMDDWUDQVPLVVmRGDSURSULHGDGH1RVQHJyFLRVHQWmRRVHIHLWRVMXUtGLFRVGRDWRGHSHQGHPGDYRQWDGHGHFODUDGDGRDJHQWH

GHFODUDomRGHYRQWDGH$LQGDTXHYiULRVGHVVHVHIHLWRVHVWHMDPSUHYLVWRVQDSUySULDOHLHOHVQmRGHFRUUHUmRFDVRQmRH[LVWDGHFODUDomRGHYRQWDGHQHVVHVHQWLGR$OpPGLVVRDPDQLIHVWDomRGDYRQWDGHKXPDQDDOFDQoDDSURGXomRGHHIHLWRVPRGXODQGRRVDYRQWDGHQmRFDDGVWULWDFRPRQRFDVRGRVDWRVMXUtGLFRVstricto sensujVLPSOHVHVFROKDTXDQWRDSUiWLFDGRDWRRXQmR&DLR0iULRGD6LOYD3HUHLUDUHVXPLXFRPEULOKDQWLVPRDGLIHUHQFLDomREiVLFDHQWUHDWRMXUt-

GLFRQHJRFLDOQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRHQmRQHJRFLDODWRMXUtGLFRstricto sensu9HMDVH2EVHUYDVHHQWmRTXHVHGLVWLQJXHPRQHJyFLR MXUtGLFRHR DWR MXUtGLFR$TXHOHpDGHFODUDomRGHYRQWDGHHPTXHRDJHQWHSHUVHJXHRHIHLWRMXUtGLFR5HFKWVJHVFKlIWQRDWRMXUtGLFRstricto sensu RFRUUHPDQLIHVWDomRYROLWLYDWDPEpPPDVRVHIHLWRVMXUtGLFRVVmRJHUDGRVLQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWHGHVH-UHPSHUVHJXLGRVGLUHWDPHQWHSHORDJHQWH6REUHHVVDGLVWLQomROHPEUDPVH6DQWRUR3DVVDUHOOL6HUSD/RSHV6tOYLR5RGULJXHV9LFHQWH5iR7RUTXDWR&DVWUR6RULDQR1HWR3DXOR%DUERVDGH&DPSRV)L-OKR$OEHUWR0XQL]GD5RFKD%DUURV)iELRGH0DWWLD7RGRVHOHVVmRIDWRVKXPDQRVYROXQWiULRV2VQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVVmRSRUWDQWRGHFODUDo}HVGHYRQWDGHGHVWLQDGDVjSURGXomRGHHIHLWRVMXUtGLFRVTXHULGRVSHORDJHQWHRVDWRVMXUtGLFRVstricto sensuVmRPDQLIHVWDo}HVGHYRQWDGHREHGLHQWHVjOHLSRUpPJHUDGRUDVGHHIHLWRVTXHQDVFHPGDSUySULDOHL'HQWUHRVDWRVOtFLWRVHVWmRRVDWRVTXHQmRVmRQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVEHPFRPRRVQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRV7RGRVSRUpPFRPSUHHQGLGRVQDFDWHJRULDPDLVDPSODGHDWRVOtFLWRVTXHVHGLVWLQJXHPQDVXDHWLRORJLDHQRVVHXVHIHLWRVGRVDWRVLOtFLWRVS

(PVXPDHPDPEDVDVFDWHJRULDVDWRVQmRQHJRFLDLVHQHJRFLDLVH[LVWHYRQWDGHGRDJHQWH(QWUHWDQWRSRGHPRVGL]HUTXHQRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRRDJHQWHH[HUFHVXDYRQWDGHQRVHQWLGRGHSUDWLFDURDWRHSURGX]LURHIHLWRQDPDQHLUDLQWHQVLGDGHHIRUPDTXHGHVHMDQRDWRMXUtGLFRstricto sensuRDJHQWHH[HUFHDYRQWDGHDSHQDVQRVHQWLGRGHSUDWLFDURDWRSRLVLQGHSHQGHQWH-PHQWHGHVXDYRQWDGHRVHIHLWRVVHUmRDWLQJLGRV7RPHVHXPH[HPSORVLPSOHVGRDOFDQFHGDYRQWDGHQDSUiWLFDGRVQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVFRP

RFRQWUDWRGHFRPSUDHYHQGDDPDQLIHVWDomRGHYRQWDGHGHQHVHKDYHUiDFRPSUDHYHQGDDYLVWDRXDSUD]RFRPRXVHPUHVHUYDGHGRPtQLRFRPDOJXPDFOiXVXODHVSHFLDO UHWURYHQGDSUHIHUrQFLDHWFDOWHUDQGRDJDUDQWLDFRQWUDDHYLFomRTXHSRGHVHUUHIRUoDGDGLPLQXtGDRXH[FOXtGDDUW&&FRPJDUDQWLDSRUGHIHLWRVGRREMHWRDIHWDRSUD]RSDUDUHFODPDUYtFLRVUHGLELWyULRVDUW&&FRPREMHWRVFXMRULVFRGHYLUHPDH[LVWLUXPDGDVSDUWHVWRPHSDUDVLFRQWUDWRVDOHDWyULRVHPSWLRVSHLHHPSWLRUHLVSHUDWDHDUWVH&&FRPD[DomRGRSUHoRHPUD]mRGHtQGLFHVIXWXURVHWF

297

6mRH[HPSORV WtSLFRVGHQHJyFLRV MXUtGLFRVSRUWDQWRRVFRQWUDWRVRFDVDPHQWRR WHVWD-PHQWRHQPWRGRVDTXHOHVDWRVHPTXHDYRQWDGHGRDJHQWHVHYROWDWDQWRSDUDDSUiWLFDGRDWRTXDQWRSDUDRVVHXVHIHLWRVTXHVmRJHUDGRVHGLULJLGRVGLUHWDPHQWHSHORHOHPHQWRYROLWLYR

&/$66,),&$d(6'261(*&,26-85',&26

([LVWHPLQ~PHUDVFODVVLFDo}HVSDUDRVQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRV&RPHIHLWRRVQHJyFLRVSRGHPVHVXEGLYLGLUSRUGLYHUVRVIDWRUHVGHVGHDVSDUWHVRREMHWRHDWpSRUVHXVHIHLWRV$VPDLVUHOH-YDQWHVVmRDVVHJXLQWHV

3HORQ~PHURGHSDUWHV

D 8QLODWHUDOpRQHJyFLRFXMDSUiWLFDHHIHLWRVGHULYDPGDGHFODUDomRGHYRQWDGHGHXPDVyGDVSDUWHVVHPQHFHVVLGDGHGDDFHLWDomRRXGRFRQFXUVRGDYRQWDGHGDRXWUD3RGHVHU

D UHFHSWtFLRpRQHJyFLRXQLODWHUDOFXMRVHIHLWRVHPERUDQmRGHSHQGDPGDYRQWDGHGHRXWUDSDUWHGHSHQGHPSHORPHQRVGHTXHHODVHMDQRWLFDGD([HPSORVSUiWLFRVSRGHPVHUYL-VXDOL]DGRVQDGHQ~QFLDGHFRQWUDWRVHQDFHVVmRGHFUpGLWRDUW$GHQ~QFLDpDWRSHORTXDOVHSHUPLWHTXHXPDGDVSDUWHVURPSDXPFRQWUDWRVHPQHFHVVLGDGHGHFRQFRUGkQFLDGDRXWUDTXHGHYHQRHQWDQWRVHUFLHQWLFDGDGDUXSWXUDQDFHVVmRGHFUpGLWRRFUHGRUGHXPDGtYLGDFHGHVHXFUpGLWRDRXWUHPVHPQHFHVVLGDGHGHFRQFRUGkQFLDGRGHYHGRUTXHWHPGLUHLWRWRGDYLDGHVHUQRWLFDGR

D QmRUHFHSWtFLRpRQHJyFLRXQLODWHUDOFXMRVHIHLWRVGHSHQGHPVRPHQWHGDSUiWLFDGRDWRVHP QHFHVVLGDGH GH QRWLFDomR j RXWUD SDUWH FRPR R WHVWDPHQWR H D HPLVVmR GH WtWXORVGH FUpGLWR SRU H[HPSOR1R WHVWDPHQWR D YDOLGDGH GH VXDV GLVSRVLo}HV QmR GHSHQGH GHDQXrQFLDQHPFLrQFLDSRUQLQJXpPTXHQmRVHMDRSUySULRWHVWDGRUMiQDHPLVVmRGHWtWXORVGHFUpGLWRFRPRDQRWDSURPLVVyULDSRUH[HPSORRHPLWHQWHFULDDREULJDomRSHORVLPSOHVSUHHQFKLPHQWRGDFiUWXODVHPQHFHVVLGDGHGHFRQFRUGkQFLDRXFRQKHFLPHQWRSRURXWUHPGHLJXDOQDWXUH]DpDSURPHVVDGHUHFRPSHQVDMiTXHDFULDomRGDREULJDomRSDUDDSURPL-WHQWHGHSHQGHDSHQDVGDSXEOLFDomRGRDQ~QFLRGDVXDSURPHVVD&&DUW

b) bilateralpRQHJyFLRFXMDFHOHEUDomRHHIHLWRVGHSHQGHPGRFRQFXUVRGDYRQWDGHGHSHORPHQRVGRLVDJHQWHVTXHDWXDPHPSRORVGLVWLQWRVFDGDXPFRPVXDVREULJDo}HVSUySULDV2FRQWUDWRpRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRELODWHUDOSRUH[FHOrQFLD2FDVDPHQWRWDPEpPSRGHVHUXVDGRFRPRUHIHUrQFLD'HYHVHHQWHQGHUTXHRVHIHLWRVGRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRELODWHUDOVmRGHVHMDGRVSRUDPEDVDVSDUWHVHFRPHOHFULDVHXPDUHODomRMXUtGLFDREULJDFLRQDOGHIRUPDTXHFDGDSDUWHGHYHFXPSULUFRPDSUHVWDomRDTXHVHREULJRX$TXLQmRVHGHYHFRQIXQGLUFRPDFODVVLFDomRGRVFRQWUDWRVHPXQLODWHUDLVHELODWHUDLV7RGRFRQWUDWRpQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRELOD-WHUDOSRLVGHSHQGHGDGHFODUDomRGHYRQWDGHGHDPEDVDVSDUWHVDLQGDTXHGHXPDGHODVVHMDWiFLWD2FRQWUDWRXQLODWHUDOQRHQWDQWRFULDREULJDomRDSHQDVSDUDXPDGDVSDUWHVFRPRQRVFDVRVGRGHSyVLWRGRFRPRGDWRHWF2FRQWUDWRELODWHUDOFULDREULJDo}HVSDUDDPEDVDVSDUWHVFRPRQDFRPSUDHYHQGDQDORFDomRHWF

F SOXULODWHUDOpRQHJyFLRHPTXHQmRVHHQFRQWUDPGRLVSRORVGLVWLQWRVPDVVLPXPFRQMXQ-WRGHSHVVRDVTXHDWXDPFRPRPHVPRLQWHUHVVHFRPRQDVRFLHGDGH

298

3HODWLSLFLGDGH

D WtSLFRV2VQHJyFLRV WtSLFRVVmRJXUDVQHJRFLDLVRXFRQWUDWXDLVSUHYLVWDVH[SUHVVDPHQWHSHODOHLGHTXHVmRH[HPSORVDFRPSUDHYHQGDDSHUPXWDDORFDomRRHPSUpVWLPRRVH-JXURDFRUUHWDJHPRPDQGDWRHWF

E DWtSLFRV(VWHVVmRJXUDVQHJRFLDLVFXMRVFRQWH~GRVHHIHLWRVQmRWrPSUHYLVmROHJDOHQ-WUHWDQWRHPIXQomRGRSULQFtSLRGDDXWRQRPLDGDYRQWDGHGHYHPVHUDFHLWRVGHVGHTXHSUHHQFKDPRVHOHPHQWRVGHH[LVWrQFLDHRVUHTXLVLWRVGHYDOLGDGHSUHYLVWRVSHORDUWGR&yGLJR&LYLO$TXLVHGHYHREVHUYDUTXHRVQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVTXHFULDPHIHLWRVPHUDPHQWHREULJDFLRQDLV

SHVVRDLVpTXHSRGHPVHUOLYUHPHQWHFULDGRVSHODVSDUWHVLQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWHGHSUHYLVmROHJDO$REVHUYDomRpUHOHYDQWHSRLVTXDQWRDRVdireitos reais, somente a lei pode criar novas modali-GDGHVGHUHODomRMXUtGLFDHQWUHVXMHLWRVHREMHWRVGHGLUHLWR$LVWRVHGiRQRPHGHSULQFtSLRGDtipicidade dos direitos reais

3HORVHIHLWRV

a) translativosYLVDPj WUDQVPLVVmRGHXPGLUHLWR1RVLVWHPDEUDVLOHLUR LQVSLUDGRQRDOH-PmRHGLYHUVRGRIUDQFrVRFRQWUDWRVLPSOHVPHQWHQmRtransmiteDSURSULHGDGHTXHHPYHUGDGHVRPHQWHVHWUDQVIHUHSHODWUDGLomR, em caso de bens mveis, ou pela transcrio no 5HJLVWURGH,PyYHLVHPFDVRGHLPyYHLVeRTXHDWHVWDPRVWH[WRVGRVDUWVHGR&yGLJR&LYLOYHUELV$UW7UDQVIHUHVHHQWUHYLYRVDSURSULHGDGHPHGLDQWHRUHJLVWURGRWtWXORWUDQVODWLYRQR5HJLVWURGH,PyYHLV$UW$SURSULHGDGHGDVFRLVDVQmRVHWUDQVIHUHSHORVQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVDQWHVGDWUDGLomR

E PRGLFDWLYRV6mRQHJyFLRVTXHYLVDPDPRGLFDURFRQWH~GRGHXPDUHODomRMXUtGLFDMiH[LVWHQWHFRPRDQRYDomRRXDWUDQVDomRSRUH[HPSOR3RGHRFRUUHUTXHRFRQWH~GRRULJL-QDOGRQHJyFLRWHQKDVHWRUQDGRLQGHVHMDGRRXSHQRVRSDUDDVSDUWHV6HQGRDVVLPSRGHPHODVDWUDYpVGHQRYRQHJyFLRFKDPDGRGHPRGLFDWLYRDOWHUDURFRQWH~GRTXHSULPLWLYD-PHQWHFRQWUDWDUDP6REUHRWHPDR&yGLJR&LYLOGHLQRYRXQRFDPSRGRGLUHLWRGHIDPtOLDDRSRVVLELOLWDUDPRGLFDomRGRUHJLPHGHEHQVGXUDQWHDFRQVWkQFLDGRFDVDPHQWRHPVHXDUWFXMDWUDQVFULomRVHVHJXH

$UWeOtFLWRDRVQXEHQWHVDQWHVGHFHOHEUDGRRFDVDPHQWRHVWLSXODUTXDQWRDRVVHXVEHQVRTXHOKHVDSURXYHU 1. 2UHJLPHGHEHQVHQWUHRVF{QMXJHVFRPHoDDYLJRUDUGHVGHDGDWDGRFDVDPHQWR 2. eDGPLVVtYHODOWHUDomRGRUHJLPHGHEHQVPHGLDQWHDXWRUL]DomRMXGLFLDOHPSHGLGRPRWLYDGRGHDPERVRVF{QMXJHVDSXUDGDDSURFHGrQFLDGDVUD]}HVLQYRFDGDVHUHVVDOYDGRVRVGLUHLWRVGHWHUFHLURV

F H[WLQWLYRVWrPSRUPDH[WLQomRGHXPGLUHLWRRXGHXPDUHODomRMXUtGLFDFRPRRGLVWUD-WRRSDJDPHQWRHWF&RPHIHLWRSDUDH[WLQJXLUXPDUHODomRMXUtGLFDQHJRFLDOQHFHVViULDpDSUiWLFDGHQHJyFLRTXHYLVDHVVHHIHLWRH[WLQWLYR)DWRVRXDWRVQmRQHJRFLDLVFRPRDSUHVFULomRHDGHFDGrQFLDWDPEpPH[WLQJXHPRGLUHLWRPDVQmRVHHQTXDGUDPFRPRVHYrcomo QHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRV$OpPGRSDJDPHQWRRXFXPSULPHQWRGDSUHVWDomRIRUPDRUGLQi-ULDGHH[WLQomRGDVREULJDo}HVRVQHJyFLRVH[WLQWLYRVSRGHPVHU

F UHVROXWLYRVTXDQGRVmRGHWHUPLQDGRVSRUFDXVDVSRVWHULRUHVjFRQWUDWDomRFRPRDLQDGLP-SOrQFLDRXGHVFXPSULPHQWRFRQWUDWXDO$UHVSHLWRUH]DRDUWTXHa parte lesada pelo LQDGLPSOHPHQWRSRGHSHGLUDUHVROXomRGRFRQWUDWRVHQmRSUHIHULUH[LJLUOKHRFXPSULPHQWRFDEHQGRHPTXDOTXHUGRVFDVRVLQGHQL]DomRSRUSHUGDVHGDQRV

299

F UHVLOLWLYRVTXDQGRGHFRUUHPGDVLPSOHVYRQWDGHGDVSDUWHVGHFDQFHODURVHIHLWRVGRQHJy-FLRGHTXHVmRH[HPSORVRGLVWUDWRHDVUHVLOLo}HVXQLODWHUDLDVFRPRRDUUHSHQGLPHQWRDGHQ~QFLDDUHYRJDomRHDUHQ~QFLD

F UHVFLVyULRV D UHVFLVmRQmR pSURSULDPHQWHXPQHJyFLRPDVXPDWR MXUtGLFR TXH H[-WLQJXHXPQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRSRUFDXVDVFRQWHPSRUkQHDVjFHOHEUDomRGRFRQWUDWRFRPRRFRUUHFRPDVFDXVDVGHQXOLGDGHHDQXODELOLGDGHHQRVYtFLRVUHGLELWyULRV5HJLVWUHVHDTXLLPSRUWDQWHFRQWURYpUVLDGRXWULQiULDDFHUFDGRVLJQLFDGRGDSDODYUDUHVFLVmRSUH-IHULQGRJUDQGHSDUWHGDGRXWULQDFRQFHLWXiODFRPRDKLSyWHVHGHH[WLQomRGRVFRQWUDWRVDGYLQGDGHDWLWXGHFRQWUiULDSRUXPDGDVSDUWHVjVFOiXVXODVFRQWUDWXDLVGHPDQGDQGRHQWmRSDUDRVHXGHVID]LPHQWRRFRQFXUVRGDDWLYLGDGH MXGLFLDO&RQTXDQWRDQRVVRYHUQmRVHMDDWHVHPDLVFLHQWtFDpDTXHWHPSUHYDOHFLGR6REUHRWHPDFROKHVHGDMXULVSUXGrQFLDGR6XSHULRU7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLoDSRUH[HPSORTXHSDUDDUHLQWHJUDomRGHSRVVHHPIDYRUGRSURPLWHQWHYHQGHGRUGHLPyYHOVXMHLWRDFRPSURPLVVRGHFRPSUDHYHQGDSRULQDGLPSOHPHQWRGRSURPLVViULRFRPSUDGRUpQHFHVViULDDSUpYLDUHVFLVmRjudicialGRFRQWUDWR9HMDVH

&,9,/(352&(668$/&,9,/5(&8562(63(&,$/9,2/$d2$2$57,*2'2&3&122&2551&,$$d2'(5(,17(*5$d2'(3266($-8,=$'$(09,578'('(,1$',03/(0(172'(&2175$72'(&203520,662'(&2035$(9(1'$,03266,-%,/,'$'('('()(5,0(172'($17(&,3$d2'(787(/$6(048(7(1+$+$9,'20$1,)(67$d2-8',&,$/$&(5&$'$5(62/8d2'2&2175$72$,1'$48((67(&217(&20&/868/$5(62/875,$(;35(66$35,1&3,2'$%2$)e2%-(7,9$1mRKiYLRODomRDRDUWLJRGR&3&TXDQGRD&RUWHGHRULJHPDSUHFLDDTXHVWmRGHPDQHLUDIXQGDPHQWDGDDSHQDVQmRDGRWDQGRDWHVHGRUHFRUUHQWHeLPSUHVFLQGtYHODSUpYLDPDQLIHVWDomRMXGLFLDOQDKLSyWHVHGHUHVFLVmRGHFRPSURPLVVRGHFRPSUDHYHQGDGHLPyYHOSDUDTXHVHMDFRQVXPDGDDUHVROXomRGRFRQWUDWRDLQGDTXHH[LVWHQWHFOiXVXODUHVROXWyULDH[SUHVVDGLDQWHGDQHFHVVLGDGHGHREVHUYkQFLDGRSULQFtSLRGDERDIpREMHWLYDDQRUWHDURVFRQWUDWRV3RUFRQVHJXLQWHQmRKiIDODUVHHPDQWHFLSDomRGH WXWHOD UHLQWHJUDWyULD GHSRVVH DQWHV GH UHVROYLGRR FRQWUDWRGH FRPSURPLVVRGHFRPSUDHYHQGDSRLVVRPHQWHDSyVDUHVROXomRpTXHSRGHUiKDYHUSRVVH LQMXVWDHVHUiDYDOLDGRRDOHJDGRHVEXOKRSRVVHVVyULR5HFXUVRSURYLGRHPSDUWHSDUDDIDVWDUDDQWHFLSDomRGHWXWHOD5(VS635HO0LQLVWUR/8,6)(/,3(6$/20248$57$7850$MXOJDGRHP'-H5(3'-H5(3'-H

G REULJDFLRQDLVVXDQDOLGDGHpFULDUHQWUHDVSDUWHVREULJDo}HVGHGDUID]HURXGHL[DUGHID]HUDOJXPDFRLVD2UODQGR*RPHVop. cit.SHVFODUHFHTXH

RQHJyFLR WUDQVODWLYRGRGLUHLWRGHSURSULHGDGHp IUHTXHQWHPHQWHSUHFHGLGRGHQHJyFLRREULJD-FLRQDOFRPRSRUH[HPSORRFRQWUDWRGHFRPSUDHYHQGD7RGDVDVREULJDo}HVGHGDUWrPGHVHUFXPSULGDVSRUPHLRGHDWRGHGLVSRVLomRGDFRLVDREMHWRGDSUHVWDomRVHGHYHVHUWUDQVPLWLGDDRFUHGRU

,PSRUWDQWHUHSHWLUSRUWDQWRTXHQRVLVWHPDEUDVLOHLURRFRQWUDWRVRPHQWHQmRtransmite D SURSULHGDGH R TXHRFRUUH DSHQDVSHOD WUDGLomR RXSHOD WUDQVFULomRQR5HJLVWURGH,PyYHLV0XLWRHPERUDQmRKDMDWUDQVODomRGDSURSULHGDGHFRPRPHURFRQWUDWRRcompromisso de

compra e vendaQRRUGHQDPHQWRDWXDOFULDDRSURPLWHQWHFRPSUDGRUXPGLUHLWRTXHVHFKD-ma de GLUHLWRUHDOGHDTXLVLomR$LQGDTXHRDUWGR&yGLJR&LYLOFRQGLFLRQHRGLUHLWRDRUHJLVWURHPFDUWyULRDVVLVWHDRFRPSUDGRURGLUHLWRjDGMXGLFDomRFRPSXOVyULDDUWHDHPEDUJRVGHWHUFHLURHPFDVRGHSHQKRUDGRLPyYHO2UHJLVWURHPFDUWyULRVRPHQWHVHH[LJHSDUDDQDOLGDGHGHVHSRGHUFRQIHULUDRUHIHULGRGLUHLWRDRSRQLELOLGDGHerga omnes FRQWUDWRGRVeRTXHVHGHVVXPHGDV6~PXODVHGR67-verbis

300

Smula 84 Smula 239

admissvel a oposio de embargos de terceiro fun-dados em alegao de posse advinda do compromisso de compra e venda de imvel, ainda que desprovido de registro.

O direito adjudicao compulsria no se condiciona ao registro do compromisso de compra e venda no car-trio de imveis.

1mRVyDFRPSUDHYHQGDpQHJyFLRREULJDFLRQDO$PDLRULDGRVQHJyFLRV MXUtGLFRVpGHFRQWH~GRREULJDFLRQDOSRLVRFRUUHDFULDomRGHREULJDo}HVSDUDXPDRXDPEDVDVSDUWHVFRPRQDORFDomRQRVHJXURQRHPSUpVWLPRHWFH GHJDUDQWLDVmRRVQHJyFLRVTXHWrPSRUQDOLGDGHUHVJXDUGDURFXPSULPHQWRGHXPRXWURQHJyFLRFRQWUDRVULVFRVGDLQVROYrQFLDGHXPDGDVSDUWHV'HSHQGHPSRUWDQWRGDYLQFX-ODomRGRSDWULP{QLRGHXPDGDVSDUWHVDRDGLPSOHPHQWRGHVXDSUHVWDomR6mRRVFDVRVGRSHQKRUGDKLSRWHFDHGDDQWLFUHVH2&yGLJR&LYLOGHWURX[HDJXUDGDSURSULHGDGHGXFLiULDDUWVDLQVWLWXWRMiFRQKHFLGRDQWHVHPYLUWXGHGDVOHLVH1mRVH WUDWDQRHQWDQWRGHQHJyFLRSXUDPHQWHGHJDUDQWLDSRLVSRUHVVDPR-GDOLGDGHGHQHJyFLRFULDVHYHUGDGHLUDSURSULHGDGHHPIDYRUGRFUHGRUSURSULHGDGHHVWDHQWUHWDQWRUHVRO~YHOSRLVGHL[DGHH[LVWLUTXDQGRGRDGLPSOHPHQWRWRWDOGDGtYLGD2EVHUYDVH SRUWDQWR QHVVD FODVVLFDomR R FRQFHLWR GH QHJyFLR MXUtGLFR QHJyFLR FDSD]

GHFULDUQHJyFLRVREULJDFLRQDLVPRGLFDUPRGLFDWLYRVUHVJXDUGDUGHJDUDQWLDWUDQVIHULUWUDQVODWLYRVRXH[WLQJXLUH[WLQWLYRVGLUHLWRVISURFHVVXDLV$GRXWULQDSURFHVVXDOKiPXLWR VHGHEDWHXD UHVSHLWRGDYHUGDGHLUDFRQ-

FHLWXDomRGHDWRVSURFHVVXDLVVHVmRVRPHQWHDTXHOHVSUDWLFDGRVGHQWURGRSURFHVVRRX WRGRVDTXHOHVTXHGHDOJXPDIRUPDSURGX]HPHIHLWRVQRSURFHVVR)LFDPRVFRPD~OWLPDGHQLomRDQRVVRYHUPDLVSUHFLVDHDEUDQJHQWH'DtGHYHPRVDGPLWLUTXHVHPSUHTXHDYRQWDGHWLYHUIRUoDVXFLHQWHQmRVySDUDDSUiWLFDPDVWDPEpPSDUDDJHUDomRGRVHIHLWRVGRDWRTXHLQXHQFLDQRprocesso, termos negcio jurdico processual. 2&yGLJRGH3URFHVVR&LYLOGHFRQWpPXPDSOrLDGHGHH[HPSORVGHDWRVRXQHJyFLRV

SURFHVVXDLVGLYLGLQGRVHHQWUHWtSLFRVFRPGHQRPLQDomRH[SUHVVDHDWtSLFRVVHPGHQRPLQDomRH[SUHVVD'HQWUHHOHVSRGHPRVPHQFLRQDU1HJyFLRVSURFHVVXDLVWtSLFRV&OiXVXODGHHOHLomRGHIRUR&3&DUWGLVWULEXL-

omRFRQYHQFLRQDOGR{QXVGDSURYD&3&DUW[DomRGHFDOHQGiULRSURFHVVXDOSDUDDSUiWLFDGRVDWRVSURFHVVXDLV&3&DUWDVXVSHQVmRFRQYHQFLRQDOGRSURFHVVR&3&DUW,,HDGHOLPLWDomRFRQVHQVXDOGDVTXHVW}HVGHIDWRVREUHDVTXDLVUHFDLUiDDWLYLGDGHSUREDWyULDHGHGLUHLWRUHOHYDQWHVSDUDDGHFLVmRGRPpULWRQDIDVHGHVDQHDPHQWR&3&DUW(PWRGRVHVVHVFDVRVWHPRVVLWXDo}HVHPTXHDYRQWDGHGDVSDUWHVVHGLULJHjSUiWLFDGRDWR

PDVWDPEpPJHUDRVVHXVSUySULRVHIHLWRVHVWDEHOHFHQGRFOiXVXODGHHOHLomRGHIRURGLVWULEXLQGRR{QXVSUREDWyULR[DQGRGDWDVSDUDDUHDOL]DomRGHDWRVSURFHVVXDLVHWF1HJyFLRSURFHVVXDODWtSLFR2&3&DGX] LPSRUWDQWHQRYLGDGHQRPXQGR MXUtGLFR

SURFHVVXDODRHVWDEHOHFHUHPVHXDUWTXHversando o processo sobre direitos que admiWDPDXWRFRPSRVLomRpOtFLWRjVSDUWHVSOHQDPHQWHFDSD]HVHVWLSXODUPXGDQoDVQRSURFHGLPHQWRSDUDDMXVWiORjVHVSHFLFLGDGHVGDFDXVDHFRQYHQFLRQDUVREUHRVVHXV{QXVSRGHUHVIDFXOGDdes e deveres processuais, antes ou durante o processo.

301

7UDWDVHGHFOiXVXODJHUDOGHQHJRFLDomRSURFHVVXDOXPDYH]TXHSHUPLWHjVSDUWHVHVWLSXOD-UHPPXGDQoDVQRSURFHGLPHQWRSDUDDGDSWiORjVVXDVHVSHFLFLGDGHVLQFOXVLYHQRTXHWDQJHDSUD]RVSHUHPSWyULRVHHQFDUJRVFRJHQWHVFRPR{QXVGHLPSXJQDomRVRESHQDGHFRQVVmRFWDHRXWURV(YLGHQWHPHQWHTXHDQHJRFLDomRHPDSUHoRQmRSRGHLPSRU{QXVSURFHVVXDLVDEXVLYRVjV

SDUWHVVRESHQDGHLOLFLWXGHGRSDFWRWDQWRpTXHRSDUiJUDIR~QLFRGRDUWGLVS}HTXHde RItFLRRXD UHTXHULPHQWRR MXL] FRQWURODUiDYDOLGDGHGDVFRQYHQo}HVSUHYLVWDVQHVWHDUWLJRUHFXVDQGROKHVDSOLFDomRVRPHQWHQRVFDVRVGHQXOLGDGHRXGHLQVHUomRDEXVLYDHPFRQWUDWRGHDGHVmRRXHPTXHDOJXPDSDUWHVHHQFRQWUHHPPDQLIHVWDVLWXDomRGHYXOQHUDELOLGDGH&DEHDRMXL]SRUWDQWRH[HUFHURFRQWUROHGDVXDYDOLGDGH&&DUW2SDFWRWDPEpP

QmRSRGHIHULUGLUHLWRIXQGDPHQWDO1HVVHVHQWLGRHQWHQGHDGRXWULQDSRUH[HPSORTXHQmRVHpode GLVSRUHPQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRSURFHVVXDOTXHXPDGHFLVmRSRGHUiVHUQmRIXQGDPHQWDGDRXTXHQmRYLJRUDRGHYHUGHFXPSULUDVGHFLV}HVMXGLFLDLV$GPLWLORVHULDDOJRFRPSDUiYHOjDGPLVVmRGRREMHWRLOtFLWRQDFHOHEUDomRGRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRSURFHVVXDO:$0%,(5, CON-&(,d2, 5,%(,52H 0(//2 SV3RURXWURODGRTXDQGRWLYHUPRVDWRMXUtGLFRHPTXHDYRQWDGHVHYROWDDSHQDVjSUiWLFD

FXMRVHIHLWRVGHFRUUHPGDOHLIDODVHHPato processual em sentido estrito, como no recebimento GHFLWDomRQRRIHUHFLPHQWRGHUHVSRVWDQDUHQ~QFLDH[SUHVVDGDSDUWHDRSUD]RHVWDEHOHFLGRH[-FOXVLYDPHQWHHPVHXIDYRU&3&DUWHRXWURV

3HORWHPSRHPTXHGHYDPSURGX]LUHIHLWRV

4XDQWRDRWHPSRHPTXHGHYDPSURGX]LUHIHLWRVRVQHJyFLRVSRGHPVHUinter vivosTXDQGRVHGHVWLQDPDSURGX]LUHFiFLD LPHGLDWDPHQWHRXGXUDQWHDYLGDGDVSDUWHVRXcausa mortis, TXDQGRVHGHVWLQDPDSURGX]LUHIHLWRVDSyVDPRUWHGHTXHPSUDWLFDRDWRFRPRQRWHVWDPHQWRRXQDVGLVSRVLo}HVGH~OWLPDYRQWDGHHPJHUDOGHTXHVmRH[HPSORVRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHOKRRXDLQVWLWXLomRGHSDWULP{QLRSDUDIXQGDomR

3HODFDXVDGRQHJyFLR

2VQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVSRGHPWDPEpPVHFODVVLFDUSHODFDXVDGDVXDFHOHEUDomR&RPHIHL-WRRPRWLYRFRPXPTXHOHYDRVDJHQWHVjGHFODUDomRGHYRQWDGHSRGHVHUGHGLYHUVDVQDWXUH]DVGDtSRUTXHSRGHPRVIDODUHPD QHJyFLRVGHWURFDTXDQGRXPDGDVSDUWHVGiXPDFRLVDFRPYDORUHFRQ{PLFRDPGHUHFH-EHURXWUDRXDWpVHPLQWHUHVVHHPUHFHEHUQDGD6mRH[HPSORVDFRPSUDHYHQGDDSHUPXWDDGRDomRHWF

E QHJyFLRVDVVRFLDWLYRVTXDQGRDPEDVDVSDUWHVWrPLQWHUHVVHVFRPXQVVHPTXHXPDTXHLUDDGTXLULUDOJXPEHPRXRXWURHOHPHQWRGRSDWULP{QLRGDRXWUD([HPSORWtSLFRpRFRQWUDWRde sociedade, mas, nesse sentido, o casamento e a parceria rural podem ser tomados, tam-EpPFRPRH[HPSORVSRLVDSHVDUGHQmRVHUHPplurilaterais, no existe criao de interes-ses particulares de cada parte;

F QHJyFLRVSDUDSUHYHQomRGHULVFRVVmRHQWDEXODGRVFRPDQDOLGDGHGHJDUDQWLUDLQWHJUL-GDGHGHSHVVRDVFRLVDVRXDWpGHUHODo}HVMXUtGLFDV6HXH[HPSORWtSLFRpRVHJXUR2VHJXURSRGHWHUSRUREMHWRFREULUDVXEVLVWrQFLDGHSHVVRDVGHSHQGHQWHVGRVHJXUDGRFRPRQRVHJXURGHYLGDRXRSUySULRVHJXUDGRFRPRQRFDVRGRVSODQRVGHVD~GHPDVSRGHYLVDUjJDUDQWLDde recebimento de indenizao em caso de perda ou deteriorao de uma coisa, como no caso

302

GHVHJXURDXWRPRWLYRRXGHLPyYHLV([LVWHPVHJXURVQRHQWDQWRTXHEXVFDPSUHYHQLUULVFRVFRQWUDDFRQWHFLPHQWRVTXHSRVVDP LQXHQFLDU UHODo}HV MXUtGLFDVFRPRQRFDVRGHVHJXURVFRQWUDWDGRVFRPHPSUHVDVGHFUpGLWRFRQWUDRGHVHPSUHJRGHPXWXiULRVSRUH[HPSOR

G QHJyFLRVGHFUpGLWRVmRDTXHOHVHPTXHXPDGDVSDUWHVRXWRUJDDRXWUDXPYDORUHFRQ{PL-FRFRPRREMHWLYRGHDXIHULUYDQWDJHPDSDUWLUGDtFRPRpRFDVRGRP~WXRIHQHUDWtFLRQRTXDORPXWXDQWHHPSUHVWDDRPXWXiULRFHUWDTXDQWLDTXHGHYHUiVHUUHVWLWXtGDFRPDFUpVFL-PRGHMXURV

H QHJyFLRVGHDWLYLGDGHTXDQGRDSUHVWDomRGHXPDGDVSDUWHVFRQVLVWHHPfazer alguma coisaHPIDYRUGDRXWUDFRPRQRcontrato de trabalho, na SUHVWDomRGHVHUYLoRV na empreitada, PDQGDWRDJrQFLDHGLVWULEXLomRFRUUHWDJHPFRPLVVmR e no transporte

3HODFDXVDGDDWULEXLomRSDWULPRQLDO

)RUWHHP2UODQGR*RPHVop. cit.SSRGHPRVIDODUWDPEpPTXHRVQHJyFLRVMXUt-GLFRVVHGLIHUHQFLDPSHODDWULEXLomRSDWULPRQLDOTXHFDGDDJHQWHSUHWHQGHSRGHQGRVHUD RQHURVRV VHUmRRQHURVRVRVQHJyFLRVTXDQGRDPEDVDVSDUWHV WrPD LQWHQomRGHDXIHULUSURYHLWRHFRQ{PLFRFRPRQHJyFLRFRPRQDFRPSUDHYHQGDRDOLHQDQWHDXIHUHRSURYHLWRGHFRUUHQWHGRUHFHELPHQWRGRSUHoRWRGDYLDH[LJHVHOKHRVDFULItFLRFRUUHVSRQGHQWHjYDQ-WDJHPDWULEXtGDDRDGTXLUHQWHTXHpDDTXLVLomRGDSURSULHGDGHGDFRLVD

E JUDWXLWRVGL]VHJUDWXLWRRFRQWUDWRTXDQGRQmRH[LVWHGHXPDGDVSDUWHVHVVD LQWHQomRHFRQ{PLFDFRPRQRFDVRGDGRDomRSXUDHQTXDQWRRGRQDWiULRDXIHUHSURYHLWRHFRQ{PLFRFRPDDTXLVLomRGDFRLVDRGRDGRUQmRH[LJHGHOHQHQKXPVDFULItFLRSDUDLVVR9HULFDVHDLQGDQDGRXWULQDDRODGRGRFRQWUDWRJUDWXLWRRFRQWUDWRGHVLQWHUHVVDGR6HULDJUDWXLWRRXEHQpFRDTXHOHHPTXHDOpPGDJUDWXLGDGHKiUHGXomRGRSDWULP{QLRGHTXHPFRPHWHDOL-EHUDOLGDGHFRPRQDGRDomR-iQRFRQWUDWRGHVLQWHUHVVDGRQmRH[LVWHDUHGXomRQRSDWULP{-QLRFRPRSRUH[HPSORQRFRPRGDWRHPTXHDFRLVDHPSUHVWDGDYROWDUiSDUDRFRPRGDQWHDRQDOGRFRQWUDWR

F QHXWURVVmRQHXWURVRVQHJyFLRVHPTXHQmRVHGHVWLQDXPDDWULEXLomRSDWULPRQLDOHVSHFt-FDGHWDOIRUPDDUHGX]LURSDWULP{QLRQHJyFLRVJUDWXLWRVRXHVWDEHOHFHUWURFDGHSDWULP{-QLRVRQHURVRV6mRDWRVSRUWDQWRTXHQmRVHHQTXDGUDPHPQHQKXPDGDVKLSyWHVHVDFLPDFRPRDLQVWLWXLomRYROXQWiULDGREHPGHIDPtOLDRXDLPSRVLomRGH{QXVGHLQDOLHQDELOLGDGHLQFRPXQLFDELOLGDGHRXLPSHQKRUDELOLGDGHVREUHEHQV1HVVHVH[HPSORVQmRVHYLVOXPEUDDLQVWLWXLomRGHFDXVDSDWULPRQLDOVHMDSDUDRQHUDURVDJHQWHVRXHVWDEHOHFHUSHUFHSomRJUD-WXLWDGHYDQWDJHQV

d) bifrontesFRQVLGHUDPVHELIURQWHVFHUWRVQHJyFLRVTXHSRGHPVHUFRQWUDWDGRVWDQWRDWtWXORRQHURVRTXDQWRJUDWXLWR%RPH[HPSORpRFRQWUDWRGHP~WXRTXHpRHPSUpVWLPRGHFRL-VDVIXQJtYHLV3RGHVHGDUGHIRUPDJUDWXLWDKLSyWHVHHPTXHRPXWXiULRGHYHUiGHYROYHUFRLVDGRPHVPRJrQHURTXDOLGDGHHTXDQWLGDGH0DVWDPEpPSRGHVHUFRQWUDWDGRGHIRUPDRQHURVDRXHFRQ{PLFDP~WXRIHQHUDWtFLRKLSyWHVHHPTXHVHJXQGRRDUWGR&yGLJR&LYLOSUHVXPHPVHGHYLGRVRVMXURV

3HODIRUPD

3RGHVH FODVVLFDU R QHJyFLR MXUtGLFR WDPEpP SHOD IRUPD VHQGRnegcios escritos ou YHUEDLVQHJyFLRVWiFLWRVRXH[SUHVVRVQHJyFLRVVROHQHVIRUPDLVRXQmRVROHQHVLQIRUPDLVHnegcios reais ou consensuais

303

1HVVHSDUWLFXODUUHPHWHPRVROHLWRUjVFODVVLFDo}HVGDSUySULDIRUPDFRPRHOHPHQWRGHH[LVWrQFLDGRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRWHPDDVHUWUDWDGRPDLVjIUHQWH

2XWUDVFODVVLFDo}HV

2VQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVSRGHPVHUFODVVLFDGRVDLQGDD VHJXQGRDUHODomRGHLQWHUGHSHQGrQFLDDTXLRVQHJyFLRVSRGHPVHUSULQFLSDLVouDFHV-VyULRV3ULQFLSDOpRQHJyFLRTXHH[LVWHVREUHVLPHVPRFRPRDFRPSUDHYHQGDSRUH[HP-SORDFHVVyULRpDTXHOHTXHGHSHQGHGDH[LVWrQFLDGRSULQFLSDOFRPRRVQHJyFLRVGHJDUDQWLDDQoDSDUDDORFDomRKLSRWHFDSDUDDFRPSUDHYHQGDSHQKRUSDUDRHPSUpVWLPRHWF

E VHJXQGR D H[LELOLGDGH GD SUHVWDomR QHVVH SRQWR RV QHJyFLRV SRGHP VHU LPSHVVRDLV, TXDQGRDJXUDGRGHYHGRUSRGHVHUVXEVWLWXtGDMiTXHDSUHVWDomRSRGHVHUGHVHPSHQKDGDOLYUHPHQWHSRUTXDOTXHUSHVVRDFRPRVHYrQRH[HPSORGRSLQWRUGHSDUHGHVRXpersona-OtVVLPRKLSyWHVHHPTXHDSUHVWDomRVySRGHVHUGHVHPSHQKDGDSHORSUySULRGHYHGRUFRPRQRFDVRGHXPIDPRVRSLQWRUFRQWUDWDGRSDUDSLQWDUXPDREUDGHDUWH

F VHJXQGRDFDXVD1RVLVWHPDMXUtGLFREUDVLOHLURHPTXHRFRQWUDWRQmRJHUDWUDQVODomRGHSURSULHGDGHTXHVyVHWUDQVPLWHFRPDWUDGLomRRXWUDQVFULomRRVFRQWUDWRVREULJDFLRQDLVTXHVmRDTXHOHVTXHJHUDPDREULJDomRGHWUDQVIHULUDSURSULHGDGHVmRFRQKHFLGRVFRPRQHJyFLRVFDXVDLVSRUTXHJHUDPDFDXVDGDWUDQVIHUrQFLDMiRQHJyFLRIRUPDORXUHDOTXHGHIDWRWUDQVIHUHDSURSULHGDGHRXDOJXPRXWURGLUHLWRUHDOFRPRDWUDGLomRRXRUHJLVWURGRWtWXORWUDQVFULomRpGHQRPLQDGRGHQHJyFLRabstrato

G VHJXQGRRLQtFLRGDJHUDomRGRVHIHLWRVGL]VHWDPEpPTXHRVQHJyFLRVSRGHPSURGX]LUHIHLWRVH[QXQFRXVHMDDSDUWLUGDVXDFHOHEUDomRFRPRQRFDVRGDFRPSUDHYHQGDSRUH[HPSORKLSyWHVHHPTXHVmRFKDPDGRVGHQHJyFLRVFRQVWLWXWLYRVSRURXWURODGRDOJXQVQHJyFLRVWrPDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGHUHWURDJLUVHXVHIHLWRVDXPPRPHQWRDQWHULRUFRQIHULQGRHIHLWRVH[WXQFTXDQGRHQWmRVmRFKDPDGRVGHQHJyFLRVGHFODUDWLYRV$OJXQVH[HPSORVGHQHJyFLRVGHFODUDWLYRV3DUWLOKDGHEHQVSRUTXHVHXVHIHLWRVUHWURDJHPjGDWDGDPRUWHGRDXWRUGDKHUDQoDGDGRTXHVHJXQGRRSULQFtSLRGDVDLVLQHDSURSULHGDGHVHWUDQVIHUHDSDUWLUGDDEHUWXUDGDVXFHVVmR5DWLFDomRGHSRGHUHVSDUDRWHUFHLURVHPPDQGDWRTXHDGTXLUHDSRVVHHPQRPHGRSRVVXLGRU&&DUW,,QHVVHFDVRpLPSRUWDQWHTXHKDMDDUHWURDomRGRVHIHLWRVSDUDTXHRDGTXLUHQWHGDSRVVHREWHQKDFRQWDJHPGHSUD]RVSDUDDo}HVSRVVHVVyULDVHSDUDXVXFDSLmRGHVGHRPRPHQWRHPTXHRWHUFHLURVHPPDQGDWRRE-WHYHDFRLVD$TXLVLomRDSRVWHULRULjWUDGLomRDQRQGRPLQRDTXLVHJXQGRRDUWGR&yGLJR&LYLOVHRDGTXLUHQWHUHFHEHDFRLVDSRUQHJyFLRHWUDGLomRUHDOL]DGRVHPVHXIDYRUSRUTXHPQmRHUDGRQRSRUUHJUDOHJDODUWcaputQmRDGTXLUHDSURSULHGDGH3RUpPVHHVVHDGTXLUHQWHHVWLYHUGHERDIpHRDOLHQDQWHDGTXLULUGHSRLVDSURSULHGDGHHVVHQHJyFLRDTXLVLomRSRVWHULRUGDSURSULHGDGHSHORDOLHQDQWHID]FRPTXHDWUDQVIHUrQFLDDRDGTXLUHQWHGHERDIpVHMDFRQVLGHUDGDGHVGHRPRPHQWRHPTXHOKHIRLIHLWDDWUDGLomR

,17(535(7$d2'261(*&,26-85',&26

$SDUWHJHUDOGR&yGLJR&LYLODGRWDWUrVLPSRUWDQWHVUHJUDVSDUDDLQWHUSUHWDomRGRVQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRV6mRHODVD 3ULQFtSLRGDSUHYDOrQFLDGDLQWHQomRGRVDJHQWHV1DVGHFODUDo}HVGHYRQWDGHVHDWHQGHUiPDLVjLQWHQomRQHODVFRQVXEVWDQFLDGDGRTXHDRVHQWLGROLWHUDOGDOLQJXDJHPDUW,VWRTXHUGL]HUTXHTXDQGRDVFLUFXQVWkQFLDVUHDLVGRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRGLYHUJLUHPGRFRQWH~GRHVFULWRGRFRQWUDWRGHYHUVHiUHVSHLWDUPDLVDLQWHQomRFRQVXEVWDQFLDGDQDGHFODUDomRGHYRQWDGHGRTXHRVHQWLGROLWHUDOGDOLQJXDJHP

304

)LJXUHVHSRUH[HPSORTXHGXDVSHVVRDVFHOHEUHPFRQWUDWRGHORFDomRGHXPDUHVLGrQFLDFRPDUHDOLQWHQomRGHTXHRORFDWiULRXWLOL]HRLPyYHOSDUDQHOHUHVLGLURTXHHOHRID]HIHWLYDPHQ-WH7RGDYLDLQVHULUDPQRLQVWUXPHQWRGRQHJyFLRTXHVHWUDWDYDGHORFDomRFRPHUFLDO Depois de DOJXPWHPSRRORFDGRUEXVFDQGRVHSUHYDOHFHUGDVQRUPDVGDORFDomRFRPHUFLDOPDLVIDYRUiYHLVDRSURSULHWiULRGRTXHDTXHODVGHVWLQDGDVjORFDomRUHVLGHQFLDO/HLLQWHQWDUHVFLQGLURFRQWUDWRFRQVRDQWHDVQRUPDVGHVWLQDGDVDRVORFDGRUHVGHLPyYHOQmRUHVLGHQFLDO1HVVH FDVR D LQWHUSUHWDomR GR QHJyFLR FRQVRDQWH D LQWHQomR GDV SDUWHV GHYH SUHYDOHFHU

VREUHRVHQWLGROLWHUDOGDOLQJXDJHPHPRUGHPDVHID]HUDSOLFDUHPDVUHJUDVDWLQHQWHVjORFDomRUHVLGHQFLDOFRQIRUPHVHSRGHREVHUYDUGDMXULVSUXGrQFLD

,PyYHOORFDGRHXWLOL]DGRSDUDQVUHVLGHQFLDLV,UUHOHYkQFLDGHFOiXVXODFRQWUDWXDOFRQIHULQGRQDOL-GDGHFRPHUFLDOjORFDomR,QWHQomRGHOLEHUDGDGHIUDXGDUDOHLGHPRQVWUDGD,UUHOHYDQWHDH[LVWrQFLDGHFOiXVXODFRQWUDWXDOFRQIHULQGRQDOLGDGHFRPHUFLDOjORFDomRVHRUHDOLQWHQWRGDVSDUWHVVHPSUHIRLGHGDUGHVWLQDomRUHVLGHQFLDODRLPyYHOHDVVLPVHSURFHGHX$LQWHQomRGRVFRQWUDWDQWHVSUHYDOHFHVREUHRVHQWLGROLWHUDOGRWH[WRFRQIRUPHSUHFHLWXDR&&>&&@PRUPHQWHUHVWDQGRGHPRQVWUD-GRTXHRREMHWLYRGHVWHHUDGHOLEHUDGDPHQWHIUDXGDUDOHLHPFXMDYLJrQFLDVHGHXDFRQWUDWDomR7$&LY6357apud1(5

305

0DVQmRVHSRGHGHL[DUGHFRPSUHHQGHUTXHRDUWHPERUDVHMDQRUPDGHLQWHUSUHWDomRGiYD]mRDRLUUHVWULWRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRWDPEpPGDERDIpVXEMHWLYDFRPRQRUPDJHUDOGHH-FiFLDYHUWLFDOVREUHDVGHPDLVUHJUDVFRQWLGDVQRSUySULRVLVWHPDGHYHQGRSUHYDOHFHUSRUWDQWRDERDIpVXEMHWLYDGHWHUFHLURTXDQGRHPFRQIURQWRFRPQRUPDVTXHDFDUUHWHPDLQYDOLGDGHGHQHJyFLRVSRUHOHHQWDEXODGRV%RPH[HPSORGLVVRpDRSomRTXHR67-WHPIHLWRSHODSURWHomRGRWHUFHLURDGTXLUHQWHGH

ERDIpGHXQLGDGHDXW{QRPDGHHGLItFLRGHDSDUWDPHQWRVHPGHWULPHQWRGHJDUDQWLDUHDORIHUHFLGDSHODFRQVWUXWRUDDQWHVRXGHSRLVGRFRPSURPLVVRFRPRDGTXLUHQWH6~PXODjLQVWLWXLomRQDQFHLUDTXHOKHFRQFHGHUDHPSUpVWLPRSDUDQDQFLDUDREUD9HMDVHDWtWXORGHH[HPSORRVHJXLQWHMXOJDGR

',5(,72&,9,/5(&8562(63(&,$/6)+&2175$72'(),1$1&,$0(17281,'$'('($3$57$0(1726+,327(&$&2167,78'$62%5(,09(/-3520(7,'29(1'$(48,7$'2,19$/,'$'(35,1&3,2'$%2$)e&',*2'('()(6$'2&21680,'252)(16$&$5$&7(5,=$d2(1&2/1(*/,*1&,$'$,167,78,d2),1$1&(,5$,eQXODDFOiXVXODTXHSUHYrDLQVWLWXLomRGH{QXVUHDOVREUHRLPyYHOVHPRFRQVHQWLPHQWRGRSURPLWHQWH-FRPSUDGRUSRURIHQVDDRSULQFtSLRGDERDIpREMHWLYDSUHYLVWRQR&yGLJRGH'HIHVDGR&RQVXPLGRUII 1mRSUHYDOHFHGLDQWHGRWHUFHLURDGTXLUHQWHGHERDIpDKLSRWHFDFRQVWLWXtGDSHODLQFRUSRUDGRUD

MXQWRDRDJHQWHQDQFHLURHPJDUDQWLDGHHPSUpVWLPRUHJLGRSHOR6LVWHPD)LQDQFHLURGD+DEL-

WDomR'HVWDUWHRDGTXLUHQWHGDXQLGDGHKDELWDFLRQDOUHVSRQGH WmRVRPHQWHSHORSDJDPHQWR

GRVHXGpELWR,,,&RQVRDQWHMiGHFLGLXHVWD&RUWHpQHJOLJHQWHDLQVWLWXLomRQDQFHLUDTXHQmRRE-VHUYDDVLWXDomRGRHPSUHHQGLPHQWRDRFRQFHGHUQDQFLDPHQWRKLSRWHFiULRSDUDHGLFDUXPSUpGLRGHDSDUWDPHQWRV'DPHVPDIRUPDDRFHOHEUDURFRQWUDWRGHQDQFLDPHQWRIDFLOPHQWHSRGHULDREDQFRLQWHLUDUVHGDVFRQGLo}HVGRVLPyYHLVQHFHVVDULDPHQWHGHVWLQDGRVjYHQGDMiRIHUHFLGRVDRS~EOLFRHQRFDVRFRPSUHoRWRWDORXSDUFLDOPHQWHSDJRSHORVWHUFHLURVDGTXLUHQWHVGHERDIp3UHFHGHQWHV5(VSQ')'-GHH5(VSQ')'-GHH('5HVSQ63GH 5HFXUVR HVSHFLDO QmR FRQKHFLGR 5(VS *25HO0LQLVWUR&$6752),/+27(5&(,5$7850$MXOJDGRHP'-S

,PSRUWDQWHUHVVDOWDUSRUPTXHYROWDUHPRVDRWHPDGDERDIpQDRSRUWXQLGDGHGDDQiOLVHGDVREULJDo}HVHGRVFRQWUDWRVF ,QWHUSUHWDomRUHVWULWLYDGRVQHJyFLRVEHQpFRV-iGHVGHR'LUHLWR5RPDQRVHGL]LDLei QGH8OSLDQRTXLH[OLEHUDOLWDWHFRQYHQLXQWXULQLGTXRGIDFHUHSRVVXQWFRQGHPQDQGRVDTXHOHVTXHVmRGHPDQGDGRVHPYLUWXGHGHOLEHUDOLGDGHVyVHUmRFRQGHQDGRVDRTXHFRUUHVSRQGDjVVXDVSRVVLELOLGDGHV,VWRVHGiSRUTXHDVOLEHUDOLGDGHVLPSOLFDPJHUDOPHQWHHPUHGXomRSHUPDQHQWHRXWHP-

SRUiULDGRSDWULP{QLRGHVHXVDXWRUHV$VVLPQmRVHSRGH LQWHUSUHWDUGHPDQHLUDH[WHQVLYDRFRQWH~GRGDLQWHQomRGHEHQHFLDUVRESHQDGHLQMXVWRHPSREUHFLPHQWRGDTXHOHTXHIH]REHPDRWHUFHLUR3RULVVRUH]DRDUWGR&yGLJR&LYLOTXHQRVQHJyFLRVMXUtGLFRVEHQpFRVDQoDGRD-

omRFRPRGDWRHWFHQDUHQ~QFLDDLQWHUSUHWDomRGHYHVHUUHVWULWLYDDUW(VVDQRUPDLPSRU-WDHPUHOHYDQWHVUHH[RVQDSDUWHHVSHFLDOGR&yGLJR&LYLODH[HPSORGRVVHJXLQWHVGLVSRVLWLYRV

Art. 552. 2GRDGRUQmRpREULJDGRDSDJDUMXURVPRUDWyULRVQHPpVXMHLWRjVFRQVHTrQFLDVGDHYLFomRRXGRYtFLRUHGLELWyULR1DVGRDo}HVSDUDFDVDPHQWRFRPFHUWDHGHWHUPLQDGDSHVVRDRGRDGRUFDUiVXMHLWRjHYLFomRVDOYRFRQYHQomRHPFRQWUiULR>@Art. 584. 2FRPRGDWiULRQmRSRGHUiMDPDLVUH-FREUDUGRFRPRGDQWHDVGHVSHVDVIHLWDVFRPRXVRHJR]RGDFRLVDHPSUHVWDGD>@Art. 819. $DQoDGDUVHiSRUHVFULWRHQmRDGPLWHLQWHUSUHWDomRH[WHQVLYD

306

5(35(6(17$d2

1Ro}HVLQWURGXWyULDV

2&yGLJR&LYLOGHGLVFLSOLQDQDSDUWHJHUDODVUHJUDVGDUHSUHVHQWDomR'LIHUHQWHPHQWHGRDQWLJRFyGLJRTXHWUDWDYDGDUHSUHVHQWDomRDSHQDVQDSDUWHHVSHFLDOQRV

WySLFRVUHVSHFWLYRVRDWXDOOHJLVODGRUHQWHQGHXQHFHVViULDDVXDUHJXODPHQWDomRJHUDOSRUTXHRVGLYHUVRVFDVRVGHUHSUHVHQWDomRH[LVWHQWHVQDSDUWHHVSHFLDOVHHVSDOKDPSRUGLYHUVDVPDWpULDVFRPRQR'LUHLWRGH)DPtOLDSDLVWXWRUHVFXUDGRUHVQDVREULJDo}HVPDQGDWRDJrQFLDHWFHQDVVXFHVV}HVLQYHQWDULDQoDSRUH[HPSOR3RULVVRH[LJHVHXPDVLVWHPDWL]DomRJHUDOGRWHPDSDUDDSOLFDomRVXSOHWLYDjVQRUPDVHVSHFLDLV$UHSUHVHQWDomRSRGHVHUOHJDORXYROXQWiULDDUWeOHJDOTXDQGRGHFRUUHGDOHLvolun-

WiULDTXDQGRGHFRUUHGDYRQWDGHGDVSDUWHV

/LPLWHVDRH[HUFtFLRGDUHSUHVHQWDomRHDWHRULDGDDSDUrQFLD

2H[HUFtFLRGDPDQLIHVWDomRGHYRQWDGHSHORUHSUHVHQWDQWHGHYHVHOLPLWDUDRVSRGHUHVDHOHFRQIHULGRVSHODOHLRXSHORQHJyFLRGHUHSUHVHQWDomRVHJXQGRRDUWVRESHQDGHDQXOD-ELOLGDGHFRQIHULGDSHORDUW(VWDDQXODELOLGDGHQRHQWDQWRFDVXERUGLQDGDjFLUFXQVWkQFLDGHTXHRH[FHVVRGHUHSUHVHQWDomRGHYHVHUGRFRQKHFLPHQWRGRRXWURFRQWUDWDQWHRXTXHSHORPHQRVHVWHGHYDWHUFRQKHFLPHQWRGHVWHH[FHVVR(VVDSURWHomRGDERDIpGRWHUFHLURFRQWUDWDQWHDGYpPGDDGRomRGDWHRULDGDDSDUrQFLD$DomRSDUDDQXODURQHJyFLRFRQFOXtGRSHORUHSUHVHQWDQWHHPFRQLWRGHLQWHUHVVHVFRPR

UHSUHVHQWDGRHVWiVXMHLWDDRSUD]RGHFDGHQFLDOGHGLDV&&DUWSDU~QLFRDFRQWDUGDFRQFOXVmRGRQHJyFLRRXHPVHWUDWDQGRGHUHSUHVHQWDGRLQFDSD]GDFHVVDomRGDLQFDSDFLGDGH

Adotada a WHRULDGDDSDUrQFLDRUHVJXDUGRGDERDIpGRWHUFHLURID]FRPTXHRQHJyFLRSRVVDVHUH[LJtYHOHPGHVIDYRUGRUHSUHVHQWDGR2UHFRQKHFLPHQWRGDWHRULDGDDSDUrQFLDQRGLUHLWREUDVLOHLURWHPUHVXOWDGRHPFRQVHTXrQ-

FLDVFRPRSRUH[HPSORDYDOLGDGHGDFLWDomRGDSHVVRD MXUtGLFDPHVPRTXHIHLWDQDSHVVRDGHIXQFLRQiULRVHPSRGHUHVSDUDWDQWRRTXDOQRHQWDQWRUHFHEHRDWRFLWDWyULRVHPPHQFLRQDUTXDOTXHUUHVVDOYDDHVVHUHVSHLWR7UDWDVHGHHQWHQGLPHQWRMiFRQVROLGDGRQR67-FRPRVHYrDGLDQWH

352&(668$/&,9,/9,2/$d2'2$UW'2&3&,12&255(17($d2'(,1'(1,-=$d2$66,671&,$-8',&,5,$*5$78,7$(17,'$'(),/$1753,&$35(681d2'(+,32668),&,1&,$(&210,&$,1(;,671&,$$861&,$'(18/,'$'('(&,-7$d27(25,$'$$3$51&,$$3/,&$d2>@$SOLFDomRGRHQWHQGLPHQWRSUHYDOHQWHGD&RUWH(VSHFLDO QR VHQWLGRGH DGRWDUVH D7HRULD GD$SDUrQFLD UHSXWDQGRVHYiOLGD D FLWDomRGDSHVVRDMXUtGLFDTXDQGRHVWDpUHFHELGDSRUTXHPVHDSUHVHQWDFRPRUHSUHVHQWDQWHOHJDOGDHPSUHVDHUHFHEHDFLWDomRVHPUHVVDOYDTXDQWRjLQH[LVWrQFLDGHSRGHUHVGHUHSUHVHQWDomRHPMXt]R$J5-J(5(VS355HODWRUD0LQ(OLDQD&DOPRQ'-5HFXUVRHVSHFLDOQmRSURYLGR5(VS5-5HO0LQLVWUR&$67520(,5$6(*81'$7850$MXOJDGRHP'-H

1DPHVPDWULOKDGHHQWHQGLPHQWRR6XSHULRU7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLoDWHPDSOLFDGRDWHRULDGDDSDUrQFLDSDUDVHDXWRUL]DUDUHVSRQVDELOL]DomRGDSHVVRDMXUtGLFDSRUDWRVGHJHUHQWHVTXHPHV-PRVHPSRGHUHVH[SUHVVRVFRQWUDWDPFRPWHUFHLURVHPFLUFXQVWkQFLDVWDLVTXHQmRHUDUD]RiYHOH[LJLUVHGHOHVWHUFHLURVRFRQKHFLPHQWRVREUHDLQH[LVWrQFLDGHSRGHUHVSDUDDSDFWXDomR9H-MDVH

307

',5(,72(035(6$5,$/1(*&,2-85',&2&(/(%5$'2325*(5(17('(62&,('$-'($11,0$$861&,$'(32'(5(6$72&21(;2&20$(63(&,$/,=$d2(67$-7875,$'$(035(6$/,0,7$d2(67$7875,$0$7e5,$(035,1&3,2,17(51$&25325,67(5&(,52'(%2$)e7(25,$'$$3$51&,$$3/,&$%,/,'$'(1RFDVRHPH[DPHGHEDWHPDVSDUWHVHPWRUQRGHDGLWLYRTXHDSHQDVHVWDEHOHFHXQRYDIRUPDGHUHDMXVWHGRFRQWUDWRRULJLQDOHPUHODomRDRTXDOQmRVHGLVFXWHDYDOLGDGHFLUFXQVWkQFLDDUHYHODUTXHRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFROHYDGRDHIHLWRSHORHQWmR*HUHQWHGH6XSULPHQWRVTXHpDFHVVyULRSRVVXLDPHVPDQDWXUH]DGRSULQFLSDOSUHVWDomRGHVHUYLoRVRTXDODWRGDHYLGrQFLDSRGHULDVHUFHOHEUDGRSHODVRFLHGDGHUH-FRUUHQWHSRUVHWUDWDUGHDWRTXHVHFRQIRUPDFRPVHXREMHWRVRFLDO1DYHUGDGHVHDSHVVRDMXUtGLFDpFRQVWLWXtGDHPUD]mRGHXPDQDOLGDGHHVSHFtFDREMHWRVRFLDOHPSULQFtSLRRVDWRVFRQVHQWkQHRVDHVVDQDOLGDGHQmRVHQGRHVWUDQKRDRVHXREMHWRSUDWLFDGRVHPQRPHHSRUFRQWDGDVRFLHGDGHSRUVHXVUHSUHVHQWDQWHV OHJDLVGHYHPVHUDHOD LPSXWDGRV$V OLPLWDo}HVHVWDWXWiULDVDRH[HUFtFLRGHDWRVSRUSDUWHGD'LUHWRULDGD6RFLHGDGH$Q{QLPDHPSULQFtSLRVmRGHIDWRPDWpULDLQWHUQDFRUSRULVLQRSRQtYHLVDWHUFHLURVGHERDIpTXHFRPDVRFLHGDGHYHQKDPDFRQWUDWDU3RURXWURODGRDDGH-TXDGDUHSUHVHQWDomRGDSHVVRDMXUtGLFDHDERDIpGRWHUFHLURFRQWUDWDQWHGHYHPVHUVRPDGDVDRIDWRGHWHURXQmRDVRFLHGDGHSUDWLFDGRRDWRQRVOLPLWHVGRVHXREMHWRVRFLDOSRULQWHUPpGLRGHSHVVRDTXHRVWHQWDYDDRPHQRVDSDUrQFLDGHSRGHU$PROGXUDIiWLFDGHOLQHDGDSHORDFyUGmRQmRLQGLFDDRFRUUrQFLDGHTXDOTXHUDWRGHPDIpSRUSDUWHGDDXWRUDRUDUHFRUULGDDOpPGHGHL[DUHVWDPSDGRRIDWRGHTXHRVXEVFULWRUGRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRRUDLPSXJQDGR*HUHQWHGH6XSULPHQWRDVVLQRXRDSRQWDGRDGLWLYRFRQWUDWXDOQDVHGHGDHPSUHVDHQRH[HUFtFLRRUGLQiULRGHVXDVDWULEXLo}HVDVTXDLVDOLiVID]LDPRVWHQWDUDQtWLGDDSDUrQFLDDWHUFHLURVGHTXHHUDGHYHUDVUHSUHVHQWDQWHGDHPSUHVD&RPHIHLWRQmRREVWDQWHRIDWRGHRVXEVFULWRUGRQHJyFLRMXUtGLFRQmRSRVVXLUSRGHUHVHVWDWXWiULRVSDUDWDQWRDFLUFXQVWkQFLDGHHVWHFRPSRUWDUVHQRH[HUFtFLRGHVXDVDWULEXLo}HVHVRPHQWHSRUTXHDVVLPRSHUPLWLXDFRPSDQKLDFRPROHJtWLPRUHSUHVHQWDQWHGDVRFLHGDGHDWUDLDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGDSHVVRDMXUtGLFDSRUQHJyFLRVFHOHEUDGRVSHORVHXUHSUHVHQWDQWHSXWDWLYRFRPWHUFHLURVGHERDIp$SOLFDomRGDWHRULDGDDSDUrQFLD5HFXUVRHVSHFLDO LPSURYLGR5(VS5HO0LQLVWUR/8,6)(/,3(6$/20248$57$7850$,QIRUPDWLYR67-Q

1RPHVPRVHQWLGR'LUHLWRFRPHUFLDO5HFXUVRHVSHFLDO$omRGHHPEDUJRVGRGHYHGRUjH[HFXomR$FyUGmR2PLVVmR,QH[LVWrQFLD7tWXORGHFUpGLWRQRWDSURPLVVyULDHPLWLGRHPQRPHGDSHVVRDMXUtGLFD$GPLQLVWUDGRU([FHVVRGHPDQGDWRFDUDFWHUL]DGR2SRVLomRDWHUFHLURGHERDIp,PSRVVLELOLGDGH$XVrQFLDGHH[-FHVVRGHPDQGDWRQXVGDSURYD3UHTXHVWLRQDPHQWR>@2H[FHVVRGHPDQGDWRSUDWLFDGRSHORDGPLQLVWUDGRUGDSHVVRD MXUtGLFDSRGHUiVHURSRVWRDR WHUFHLUREHQHFLiULRDSHQDVVHFDUDIDVWDGDDERDIpGHVWHRTXHRFRUUHTXDQGRLD OLPLWDomRGHSRGHUHVGRVDGPLQLVWUDGRUHVHVWLYHU LQVFULWDQRUHJLVWURSUySULR LLR WHUFHLURFRQKHFLDGRH[FHVVRGHPDQGDWRH LLLDRSHUDomRUHDOL]DGDIRUHYLGHQWHPHQWHHVWUDQKDDRREMHWRVRFLDOGDSHVVRDMXUtGLFD9HULFDGDDERDIpGRWHUFHLURUHVWDUijSHVVRDMXUtGLFDH[LJLUDUHSDUDomRSHORVGDQRVVRIULGRVHPDomRUHJUHVVLYDDVHUSURSRVWDFRQWUDRDGPLQLVWUDGRUTXHDJLXHPH[FHVVRGHPDQGDWReLQDGPLVVtYHORUHFXUVRHVSHFLDOQDSDUWHHPTXHQmRUHVWRXSUHTXHVWLRQDGRRGLUHLWRWLGRSRUYLRODGR5HFXUVRHVSHFLDODTXHQmRVHFRQKHFH5(VS0*5HO0LQLVWUD1$1&

308

&RQVDJUDVHDVVLPDUHJUDGHTXHQmRH[LVWLQGRDXWRUL]DomROHJDORXFRQYHQFLRQDOIRUQH-FLGDSHORUHSUHVHQWDGRQmRSRGHRUHSUHVHQWDQWHXWLOL]DUVHXVSRGHUHVSDUDFHOHEUDUQHJyFLRHPTXHRGHVWLQDWiULRGDGHFODUDomRGHYRQWDGHGRUHSUHVHQWDGRVHMDRSUySULRUHSUHVHQWDQWH7RPHVHFRPRH[HPSORRGRUHSUHVHQWDQWHGHXPDHPSUHVDTXHWUDQVUDSDUDVHXQRPHRV

EHQVGHSURSULHGDGHGDVRFLHGDGHHPGHWULPHQWRGDSHVVRDMXUtGLFDHGHVHXVVyFLRV1RVWHUPRVGRDUWWDOQHJyFLRpDQXOiYHO7DPEpPSRGHPRV YHULFDU D DSOLFDomR GD QRUPDQR FDVR HPTXH XPSURFXUDGRU FRP

SRGHUHVGHDOLHQDomRGHXPDFRLVDGHSURSULHGDGHGRPDQGDQWHPDVVHPRVSRGHUHVSUHYLVWRVQRDUWGR&&FRQIHULUDEDL[RRXWRUJDVXEVWDEHOHFLPHQWRDRXWUHPYLQGRDSUDWLFDURQHJyFLRGHDTXLVLomRGDFRLVDFRPRVXEVWDEHOHFLGRHPFODUDGLVWRUomRGRUHJUDPHQWRDFLPDUHIHULGR5HJLVWUHVHDLQGDRH[HPSORGDQXOLGDGHGDFOiXVXODPDQGDWRWDOKDGDSHODMXULVSUXGrQFLD

GR67-7UDWDVHGHH[SHGLHQWHXWLOL]DGRJHUDOPHQWHSRULQVWLWXLo}HVQDQFHLUDVSDUDJDUDQWLURSDJDPHQWRGHHPSUpVWLPRVDMXURVSRUSDUWHGRPXWXiULRQRPRPHQWRGDDVVLQDWXUDGRFRQWUDWRGHP~WXRRPXWXiULRGiSRGHUHVDRPXWXDQWHSDUDTXHHVWHHPLWDHPVHXSUySULRIDYRUWtWXORGHFUpGLWRUHSUHVHQWDWLYRGRYDORUDWXDOL]DGRGDGtYLGDRTXHIRLUHSHOLGRFRPMXVWLoDSHOD6~PXODGR67-TXHUH]DTXHpQXODDREULJDomRFDPELDODVVXPLGDSRUSURFXUDGRUGRPXWXiULRvinculado ao mutuante, no exclusivo interesse deste.

2EVHUYHVHTXHDRXWRUJDGHVVHVSRGHUHVDEXVLYRVHPIDYRUGHLQVWLWXLo}HVQDQFHLUDVQDSUiWLFDGiVHPXLWRFRPXPHQWH WDPEpPDWUDYpVGDH[LJrQFLDSHORFUHGRUGHHPLVVmRSHORGHYHGRUQRPRPHQWRGDDVVLQDWXUDGRFRQWUDWRGHHPSUpVWLPRGHWtWXORVGHFUpGLWRJHUDOPHQWHQRWDV SURPLVVyULDV HPEUDQFR HP IDYRU GR FUHGRU SDUD SRVWHULRU SUHHQFKLPHQWR DR DOYHGULRGHVWHRTXHWDPEpPIRLVDELDPHQWHUHSXJQDGRSHOR6XSHULRU7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLoDFRPRVHSRGHYHUGDVHJXLQWHHPHQWD

352&(662&,9,/$*5$92'(,167580(1721(*$7,9$'(3529,0(172$*5$-925(*,0(17$/&2175$72%$1&5,2127$3520,665,$(0,662(0%5$1-&29,2/$d2$2$UW ,9&'&608/$67-/(75$'(&0%,26$48(18/,'$'('(63529,0(1721RTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjYDOLGDGHGDQRWDSURPLVVyULDHPLWLGDHPEUDQFRDRULHQWDomRGHVWD&RUWHpQRVHQWLGRGHTXHDFOiXVXODFRQWUDWXDOTXHSHUPLWHDHPLVVmRGDQRWDSURPLVVyULDHPIDYRUGREDQFRHPEDUJDGRFDUDFWHUL]DVHFRPRDEXVLYDSRUTXHYLRODGRUDGRSULQFtSLRGDERDIpFRQVDJUDGRQRDUWLQFLVR,9GR&yGLJRGH'HIHVDGR&RQVXPLGRU3UHFHGHQWH5(VS56,JXDOPHQWHpQXODDFOiXVXODFRQWUDWXDOHPTXHRGHYHGRUDXWRUL]DRFUHGRUDVDFDUSDUDFREUDQoDWtWXORGHFUpGLWRUHSUHVHQWDWLYRGHTXDOTXHUTXDQWLDHPDWUDVR,VWRSRUTXHWDOFOiXVXODQmRVHFRDGXQDFRPRFRQWUDWRGHPDQGDWRTXHSUHVVXS}HDLQH[LVWrQFLDGHFRQLWRVHQWUHPDQGDQWHHPDQGDWiULR3UHFHGHQWHV5(VS56H$J5J$J56$JUDYRUHJLPHQ-WDOGHVSURYLGR$J5JQR$J')5HO0LQLVWUR-25*(6&$57(==,1,48$57$7850$MXOJDGRHP'-S

0DLVVREUHDFOiXVXODPDQGDWRSRGHUiVHUOLGRQRFDStWXORSUySULRDUHVSHLWRGRFRQWUDWRGHPDQGDWRLWHPGR&DStWXOR;GD3DUWH9$LQGDVREUHRWHPDGRQHJyFLRFRQVLJRPHVPRGHYHPRVOHPEUDUTXHH[LVWLDGLVFXVVmRQR

UHJLPHMXUtGLFRDQWHULRUVREUHDYDOLGDGHGRXVRGDSURFXUDomRLQVWUXPHQWRGRPDQGDWRSDUDFRPSUDHYHQGDGHLPyYHLVKLSyWHVHHPTXHRPDQGDQWHGDYDDRPDQGDWiULRSRGHUHVSDUDDOLHQDUDFRLVDSDUDTXHPTXLVHVVHLQFOXVLYHSDUDVLPHVPRSRLVRDQWLJR&yGLJRHPERUDSUHYLVVHRPDQGDWRHPFDXVDSUySULDSURLELDH[SUHVVDPHQWHHVVDKLSyWHVH9HMDVH

309

CC, 1916, Art. 1.317, I Art. 1.133

irrevogvel o mandato: I quando se tiver convencio-nado que o mandante no possa revog-lo, ou for em causa prpria a procurao dada.

No podem ser comprados, ainda em hasta pblica: [] II pelos mandatrios, os bens, de cuja administrao ou alienao estejam encarregados.

(PTXHSHVHDDQWLJDYHGDomROHJDODLQGDPHVPRQDYLJrQFLDGR&&VHDUUDLJRXDSUD[HGHHPOXJDUGDODYUDWXUDGHHVFULWXUDS~EOLFDGHFRPSUDHYHQGDRVDJHQWHVGRQHJyFLRHPWRUQRGDSURSULHGDGHGHEHQVLPyYHLVHPLWLUHPSURFXUDomRHPIDYRUGRDGTXLUHQWHSDUDTXHHVWHWUDQVUDSDUDVLRXSDUDWHUFHLURVREHPREMHWRGRPDQGDWR$SUiWLFDVHWRUQRXWmRFRPXPTXHSDVVRXDVHFRQVLGHUDULQFRQYHQLHQWHGRSRQWRGHYLVWDGDSROtWLFDMXGLFLiULD, invalidar esses SDFWRVMiTXHLVVRQmRUDURGDYDPDUJHPDHVSHFXODo}HVHSUHYDOrQFLDGHPiIpSRUSDUWHGHDOLHQDQWHVPDOLQWHQFLRQDGRV3RULVVRR6XSUHPR7ULEXQDO)HGHUDOHGLWRXD6~PXODQVHJXQGRDTXDO$YHQGD

UHDOL]DGDGLUHWDPHQWHSHORPDQGDQWHDRPDQGDWiULRQmRpDWLQJLGDSHODQXOLGDGHGRDUW,,GR&yGLJR&LYLO2DUWGRDWXDO&yGLJRH[WLQJXHTXDOTXHUSROrPLFDHPWRUQRGRDVVXQWRDRGLVSRUTXH

FRQIHULGRRPDQGDWRFRPDFOiXVXODHPFDXVDSUySULDDVXDUHYRJDomRQmRWHUiHFiFLDQHPVHH[WLQJXLUiSHODPRUWHGHTXDOTXHUGDVSDUWHVFDQGRRPDQGDWiULRGLVSHQVDGRGHSUHVtar contas, e podendo transferir para si os bens mveis ou imveis objeto do mandato, obedecidas as formalidades legais.7UDWDVHSRUWDQWRGHH[SUHVVDDXWRUL]DomRlegalSDUDDSUiWLFDGRFKDPDGRnegcio consigo

mesmo.

48$'526,17,&2

CAPTULO V FATOS JURDICOS

Fatos Jurdicos

atravs da ocorrncia de fatos juridicamente relevantes que o Direito se reali-za, transforma-se ou se extingue. Mas nem todos os fatos da vida humana so tidos como juridicamente relevantes. Sero jurdicos, portanto, todos os fatos que possam trazer consequncias para o mundo jurdico, quer seja criando, mo-dificando, extinguindo, resguardando ou transmitindo direitos.

1

Efeitos dos Fatos Jurdicos

efeitos aquisitivos: so aqueles pelos quais, atravs do fato, decorre em se-guida o acrscimo de um bem ou direito ao patrimnio do agente, como na tradio, na transcrio do ttulo aquisitivo no registro de imveis, na reunio dos requisitos para a usucapio, na abertura da sucesso etc.

efeitos modificativos: os fatos jurdicos podem modificar os direitos j adqui-ridos, por exemplo, em um determinado contrato, podem as partes alterar o seu contedo atravs de um ato substitutivo, como na transao e na dao em pagamento;

efeitos translativos: os efeitos translativos so aqueles que derivam da po-tencialidade que tem o fato jurdico de transmitir bens ou direitos de uma pessoa para outra. A tradio, por exemplo;

efeitos conservativos: esses so os efeitos pelos quais a prtica de determina-dos atos visa resguardar o bem ou direito da ao deletria do tempo ou de terceiros;

efeitos extintivos: extinguem o direito ou a obrigao do agente, como o abandono, o pagamento (que extingue o direito do credor), a condio reso-lutiva, a prescrio, a decadncia, o perecimento do objeto e qualquer outro fato que acarrete o falecimento do direito;

2

310

CAPTULO V FATOS JURDICOS

Espcies de Fatos Jurdicos

Fatos jurdicos naturais ou em sentido estrito

So aqueles capazes de gerar efeitos jurdicos como criar, modificar, resguardar, transferir ou extinguir direitos sem o concurso da ao humana, como uma tem-pestade ou a morte natural de algum

3.1

Atos jurdicosDemandam a ao voluntria do homem para se materializar. O ato jurdico lato sensu, por sua vez, comporta classificaes. Dentre elas, a que mais importa para o direito a sua partio em atos jurdicos no negociais e atos jurdicos negociais.

3.2

Atos jurdicos stricto sensu ou no negociais

So atos que decorrem da vontade humana, contudo, a vontade dirigida so-mente prtica do ato, mas no ao seu efeito, que decorre, automaticamente, dos ditames da lei.

3.2.1

Atos-fatos jurdicos

A sua ocorrncia depende de ao humana, no entanto, no necessria a von-tade para a sua prtica ou esse elemento volitivo irrelevante. Dessa forma, se um indivduo absolutamente incapaz, por exemplo, praticar sozinho algum ato--fato jurdico, este ser, em regra, vlido, e produzir todos os efeitos que deveria produzir. A ocupao (art. 1.263 CC) e o achado de tesouro (art. 1.264 CC) seriam exemplos.

3.2.1.1

Atos jurdicos negociais ou

negcios jurdicos

o ato cuja prtica e efeitos so derivados da vontade humana. Nos negcios os efeitos jurdicos do ato dependem da vontade declarada do agente, a mani-festao da vontade humana alcana a produo de efeitos, modulando-os, a vontade no fica adstrita como no caso dos atos jurdicos stricto sensu sim-ples escolha quanto a prtica do ato ou no. Os contratos so exemplos tpicos de negcios jurdicos.

3.2.2

Classificaes dos negcios jurdicos

Pelo nmero de partes

Unilateral: derivam da declarao de vontade de uma s das partes, sem ne-cessidade da aceitao ou do concurso da vontade da outra. Pode ser:

receptcio: depende, pelo menos, de que a outra parte seja notifi cada; no receptcio: sem necessidade de notificao outra parte; bilateral: dependem do concurso da vontade de pelo menos dois agentes;

plurilateral: o negcio em que no se encontram dois polos distintos, mas sim um conjunto de pessoas que atuam com o mesmo interesse, como na sociedade.

4.1

Pela tipicidade

tpicos: so figuras previstas expressamente pela lei;

atpicos: no tm previso legal, entretanto, em funo do princpio da auto-nomia da vontade, devem ser aceitos, desde que preencham os requisitos de existncia e os elementos de validade previstos pelo art. 104 do Cdigo Civil.

4.2

Pelos efeitos

translativos: visam transmisso de um direito;

modificativos: visam modificar o contedo de uma relao jurdica j existen-te, como a novao ou a transao, por exemplo;

extintivos: tm por fim a extino de um direito ou de uma relao jurdica, como o distrato, o pagamento, etc;

obrigacionais: sua finalidade criar, entre as partes, obrigaes de dar, fazer ou deixar de fazer alguma coisa;

de garantia: tm por finalidade resguardar o cumprimento de um outro ne-gcio contra os riscos da insolvncia de uma das partes. So os casos do pe-nhor, da hipoteca e da anticrese;

4.3

Pelo tempo em que devam

produzir efeitos

inter vivos, quando se destinam a produzir eficcia imediatamente ou duran-te a vida das partes;

causa mortis, quando se destinam a produzir efeitos aps a morte de quem pratica o ato, como no testamento.

4.4

311

CAPTULO V FATOS JURDICOS

Pela causa do negcio

negcios de troca, quando uma das partes d uma coisa com valor econmi-co a fim de receber outra ou at sem interesse em receber nada;

4.5

Pela causa do negcio

negcios associativos, quando ambas as partes tm interesses comuns, sem que uma queira adquirir algum bem ou outro elemento do patrimnio da outra. Exemplo tpico o contrato de sociedade;

negcios para preveno de riscos: entabulados para garantir a integridade de pessoas, coisas ou at de relaes jurdicas. Exemplo tpico o seguro;

negcios de crdito: uma das partes outorga a outra um valor econmico com o objetivo de auferir vantagem a partir da, como o caso do mtuo fenera-tcio;

negcios de atividade, quando a prestao de uma das partes consiste em fazer alguma coisa em favor da outra, como no contrato de trabalho, na pres-tao de servios.

4.5

Pela causa da atribuio patrimonial

onerosos: ambas as partes tm a inteno de auferir proveito econmico com o negcio, como na compra e venda;

gratuitos: quando no existe, de uma das partes, inteno econmica, como no caso da doao pura;

neutros: no se destina uma atribuio patrimonial especfica, de tal forma a reduzir o patrimnio (negcios gratuitos) ou estabelecer troca de patrimnios (onerosos). So atos, portanto, que no se enquadram em ne-nhuma das hipteses acima, como a instituio voluntria do bem de famlia ou a imposio de nus de inalienabilidade, incomunicabilidade ou impe-nhorabilidade sobre bens;

bifrontes: podem ser contratados tanto a ttulo oneroso quanto gratuito. Bom exemplo o contrato de mtuo.

4.6

Interpretao dos negcios jurdicos

A parte geral do Cdigo Civil adota trs importantes regras para a interpretao dos negcios jurdi-cos. So elas:

Princpio da prevalncia da inteno dos agentes: Nas declaraes de vontade se atender mais inteno nelas consubstanciada do que ao sentido literal da linguagem (art. 112);

Princpio da boa-f: Os negcios jurdicos devem ser interpretados conforme a boa-f e os usos do lugar de sua celebrao (art. 113);

Interpretao restritiva dos negcios benficos. Reza o art. 114 do Cdigo Civil que, nos negcios jurdicos benficos (fiana, doao, comodato etc) e na renncia, a interpretao deve ser restritiva.

5

Representao

O Cdigo Civil de 2002 disciplina, na parte geral, regulamentao geral das regras da representao, a qual se espalha por diversas matrias, como no Direito de Famlia (pais, tutores, curadores), nas Obri-gaes (mandato, agncia etc.) e nas Sucesses (inventariana), por exemplo.

6

Limites ao exerccio da

representao e a teoria da

aparncia

O exerccio da representao deve se limitar aos poderes conferidos ao repre-sentante (pela lei ou pelo negcio de representao), segundo o art. 116, sob pena de anulabilidade, conferida pelo art. 119, desde que o excesso de represen-tao seja conhecido do outro contratante. Essa proteo da boa-f do terceiro contratante advm da adoo da teoria da aparncia.

6.2

Negcio consigo mesmo

Diz o art. 117 do Cdigo Civil que salvo se o permitir a lei ou o representado, anulvel o negcio jurdico que o representante, no seu interesse ou por conta de ou-trem, celebrar consigo mesmo. Portanto, no existindo autorizao legal ou con-vencional (fornecida pelo representado), no pode o representante utilizar seus poderes para celebrar negcio em que o destinatrio da declarao de vontade do representado seja o prprio representante.

6.3

312

608/$6((181&,$'26

(QXQFLDGRVGDV-RUQDGDVGR&-)

409.K- habitualmente adotadas entre as partes.

420. Arts. 112 e 113. Os contratos coligados devem ser -

48(67(6

1. (Imprensa.Of/SP/Advogado/2010) Sobre os fatos jurdicos, correto afirmar que

(A) nas declaraes de vontade se atender mais o sen-tido literal da linguagem do que a inteno nelas consubstanciada.

(B) o silncio importar em anuncia quando as cir-cunstncias ou os usos assim autorizarem, e sempre que a declarao de vontade expressa no for ne-cessria.

(C) nulo o negcio jurdico concludo pelo represen-tante em conflito de interesses com o representado, se tal fato era ou deveria ser de conhecimento de quem com ele tratou.

(D) o protesto cambial e qualquer ato judicial que cons-tituam o devedor em mora so causas de suspenso de prescrio.

(E) so atos ilcitos aqueles que importem na deteriora-o ou destruio da coisa alheia ou a leso pes-soa, a fim de remover o perigo iminente.

2. (Sefin/So Jos do Rio Preto/Auditor/2008) Leia os itens. Est correto, apenas, o contido em:

I. Em regra, a validade da declarao de vontade de-pende de forma especial, a no ser quando a lei ex-pressamente a dispensar.

II. Para subsistir a manifestao de vontade do autor que haja feito reserva mental de no querer o que manifestou, necessrio que o destinatrio tenha conhecimento dela.

III. Quando no for necessria a declarao de vontade expressa, as circunstncias ou os usos podem auto-rizar presumir que o silncio tenha significado de anuncia.

IV. Nas declaraes de vontade, mais importante que o sentido literal da linguagem, a inteno nelas con-substanciada.

V. Os negcios jurdicos benficos e a renncia inter-pretam-se extensivamente.

(A) I e III.

(B) I e IV.

(C) III e IV.

(D) II, III e IV.

(E) I, IV e V.

3. (PGM/Natal/Procurador/2008) Paulo, proprietrio de um imvel, constituiu Henrique como seu procu-rador para a venda do bem. Henrique, por falta de tempo disponvel para tratar com os interessados em comprar o imvel em questo, substabeleceu seus poderes para Mnica, que passou a negociar esse imvel. Passado um ms, Henrique foi bene-ficiado por uma herana e procurou Mnica para adquirir o imvel de Paulo. Considerando a situa-o hipottica apresentada acima e as disposies do Cdigo Civil acerca do assunto, correto afirmar que a venda do imvel a Henrique

(A) seria nula de pleno direito, por tratar-se de negcio jurdico celebrado consigo mesmo.

(B) seria plenamente vlida, porque, diante do silncio de Paulo, presume-se que este tenha permitido o autocontrato por Henrique.

(C) poderia ser anulada por Paulo, por tratar-se de ne-gcio jurdico celebrado por Henrique consigo mes-mo, por intermdio de substabelecimento.

(D) seria perfeitamente vlida, porque os poderes de representao constitudos a Henrique foram subs-tabelecidos a Mnica.

4. (TJ/PA/Analista/2009) No que tange aos negcios jurdicos pode-se afirmar que

(A) os negcios neutros podem ser enquadrados entre os onerosos ou os gratuitos.

(B) nos negcios jurdicos onerosos nem sempre am-bos os contratantes auferem vantagens.

(C) no h nenhum negcio que no possa ser includo na categoria dos onerosos ou dos gratuitos.

(D) nos negcios jurdicos gratuitos s uma das partes aufere vantagens ou benefcios.

(E) os negcios celebrados inter vivos no se destinam obrigatoriamente a produzir efeitos desde logo, ain-da que estando vivas as partes.

5. (TRE/AL/Analista/2010) O negcio jurdico con-cludo pelo representante em conflito de interesses

313

com o representado, quando tal fato devia ser do conhecimento de quem o contratou,

(A) nulo, sendo de 180 dias, a contar da concluso do negcio ou da cessao da incapacidade, o prazo decadencial para pleitear-se a anulao.

(B) anulvel, sendo de 180 dias, a contar da concluso do negcio ou da cessao da incapacidade, o prazo decadencial para pleitear-se a anulao.

(C) anulvel, sendo de um ano, a contar da concluso do negcio ou da cessao da incapacidade, o prazo decadencial para pleitear-se a anulao.

(D) nulo, sendo de um ano, a contar da concluso do negcio ou da cessao da incapacidade, o prazo decadencial para pleitear-se a anulao.

(E) anulvel, sendo de dois anos, a contar do conheci-mento da nulidade, o prazo decadencial para plei-tear-se a anulao.

6. (MPE-SC Promotor de Justia SC/2013) Nas de-claraes de vontade nunca se atender inteno nelas consubstanciadas pelo agente, mas sim, uni-camente, ao sentido literal da linguagem .

7. (FCC Analista Judicirio rea Judiciria TRT 9/2013) Em relao interpretao do negcio jur-dico, correto afirmar que

(A) quaisquer negcios jurdicos onerosos interpretam--se estritamente.

(B) na vontade declarada atender-se- mais inteno das partes do que literalidade da linguagem.

(C) a renncia interpreta-se ampliativamente.

(D) o silncio da parte importa sempre anuncia ao que foi requerido pela outra parte.

(E) como regra geral, no subsiste a manifestao da vontade se o seu autor houver feito a reserva mental de no querer o que manifestou.

*$%$5,726

Questo Resposta Comentrio Onde encontro no livro?

1 B CC, art. 111 Parte II, Captulo VI, item 2.2.3

2 C CC, arts. 111 e 112Parte II, Captulo VI, item 2.2.3 e Captulo V, item 5

3 C CC, art. 117 Parte II, Captulo V, item 6.3

4 D gratuito o negcio quando uma das partes no au-fere vantagem

Parte II, Captulo V, item 4.6

5 B CC, art. 119, pargrafo nico Parte II, Captulo V, item 6.3

6 ERRADO CC, art. 112 Parte II, Captulo V, item 5

7 B CC, art. 112 Parte II, Captulo V, item 5